diff --git a/COPYING b/COPYING
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/COPYING
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+Creative Commons Legal Code
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diff --git a/optional.hpp b/optional.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12a128f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/optional.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+///
+// optional - An implementation of std::optional with extensions
+// Written in 2017 by Simon Brand (@TartanLlama)
+//
+// To the extent possible under law, the author(s) have dedicated all
+// copyright and related and neighboring rights to this software to the
+// public domain worldwide. This software is distributed without any warranty.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the CC0 Public Domain Dedication
+// along with this software. If not, see .
+///
+
+#include
+#include "tl/type_traits.hpp"
+
+namespace tl {
+ // [optional.optional], class template optional
+ template
+ class optional;
+
+ // [optional.nullopt], no-value state indicator
+ struct nullopt_t{};
+ inline constexpr nullopt_t nullopt;
+
+ // [optional.bad.access], class bad_optional_access
+ class bad_optional_access : public std::exception {
+ bad_optional_access() = default;
+ const char* what() const {
+ return "Optional has no value";
+ }
+ };
+
+ // [optional.relops], relational operators
+ template
+ inline constexpr bool operator==(const optional& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ if (lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value())
+ return false;
+ if (lhs.has_value())
+ return true;
+
+ return lhs.value() == rhs.value();
+ }
+ template
+ inline constexpr bool operator!=(const optional& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ if (lhs.has_value() != rhs.has_value())
+ return true;
+ if (lhs.has_value())
+ return false;
+
+ return lhs.value() != rhs.value();
+ }
+ template
+ inline constexpr bool operator<(const optional& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ if (!rhs.has_value())
+ return false;
+ if (!lhs.has_value())
+ return true;
+
+ return lhs.value() < rhs.value();
+ }
+ template
+ inline constexpr bool operator>(const optional& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ if (!lhs.has_value())
+ return false;
+ if (!rhs.has_value())
+ return true;
+
+ return lhs.value() > rhs.value();
+ }
+ template
+ inline constexpr bool operator<=(const optional& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ if (!lhs.has_value())
+ return true;
+ if (!rhs.has_value())
+ return false;
+
+ return lhs.value() <= rhs.value();
+ }
+ }
+ template
+ inline constexpr bool operator>=(const optional& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ if (!rhs.has_value())
+ return true;
+ if (!lhs.has_value())
+ return false;
+
+ return lhs.value() >= rhs.value();
+ }
+
+ // [optional.nullops], comparison with nullopt
+template inline constexpr bool operator==(const optional& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+ return !lhs.has_value();
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator==(nullopt_t, const optional& rhs) noexcept {
+ return !rhs.has_value();
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator!=(const optional& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+ return lhs.has_value();
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator!=(nullopt_t, const optional& rhs) noexcept {
+ return rhs.has_value();
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator<(const optional&, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+ return false;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator<(nullopt_t, const optional& rhs) noexcept {
+ return rhs.has_value();
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator<=(const optional& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+ return !lhs.has_value();
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator<=(nullopt_t, const optional&) noexcept {
+ return true;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator>(const optional& lhs, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+ return lhs.has_value();
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator>(nullopt_t, const optional&) noexcept {
+ return false;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator>=(const optional&, nullopt_t) noexcept {
+ return true;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator>=(nullopt_t, const optional& rhs) noexcept {
+ return !rhs.has_value();
+}
+
+ // [optional.comp_with_t], comparison with T
+template inline constexpr bool operator==(const optional& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+ return lhs.has_value() ? *lhs == rhs : false;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator==(const U& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ return rhs.has_value() ? lhs == rhs.value() : false;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator!=(const optional& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+ return lhs.has_value() ? lhs.value() != lhs : true;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator!=(const U& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ return rhs.has_value() ? lhs != rhs.value() : true;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator<(const optional& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+ return lhs.has_value() ? lhs.value() < lhs : true;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator<(const U& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ return rhs.has_value() ? lhs < rhs.value() : false;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator<=(const optional& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+ return lhs.has_value() ? lhs.value() <= lhs : true;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator<=(const U& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ return rhs.has_value() ? lhs <= rhs.value() : false;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator>(const optional& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+ return lhs.has_value() ? lhs.value() > lhs : false;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator>(const U& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ return rhs.has_value() ? lhs > rhs.value() : true;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator>=(const optional& lhs, const U& rhs) {
+ return lhs.has_value() ? lhs.value() >= lhs : false;
+}
+template inline constexpr bool operator>=(const U& lhs, const optional& rhs) {
+ return rhs.has_value() ? lhs >= rhs.value() : true;
+}
+
+
+ // [optional.specalg], specialized algorithms
+template ::value* = nullptr,
+ tl:enable_if_t>* = nullptr>
+void swap(optional& lhs, optional& rhs) noexcept(noexcept(lhs.swap(rhs))) {
+ return lhs.swap(rhs);
+}
+
+ template
+ inline constexpr optional> make_optional(T&& v) {
+ return optional>(std::forward(v));
+ }
+ template
+ inline constexpr optional make_optional(Args&&... args) {
+ return optional(in_place, std::forward(args)...);
+ }
+ template
+ inline constexpr optional make_optional(initializer_list il, Args&&... args) {
+ return optional(in_place, il, std::forward(args)...);
+ }
+}
+
+ // [optional.hash], hash support
+namespace std {
+ template struct hash;
+ template >{})>
+ struct hash> {
+ std::size_t operator() (const tl::optional& o) {
+ if (!o.has_value())
+ return 0;
+
+ return hash>()(o.value());
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+namespace tl {
+
+template
+ class optional {
+ public:
+ using value_type = T;
+
+ // [optional.ctor], constructors
+ constexpr optional() noexcept : m_has_value(false) {
+ new (&m_storage.d) dummy;
+ }
+ constexpr optional(nullopt_t) noexcept : optional() {}
+
+ constexpr optional(const optional& rhs);
+ constexpr optional(optional&&) noexcept(see below);
+ template
+ constexpr explicit optional(in_place_t, Args&&...);
+ template
+ constexpr explicit optional(in_place_t, initializer_list, Args&&...);
+ template
+ EXPLICIT constexpr optional(U&&);
+ template
+ EXPLICIT optional(const optional&);
+ template
+ EXPLICIT optional(optional&&);
+
+ // [optional.dtor], destructor
+ ~optional();
+
+ // [optional.assign], assignment
+ optional& operator=(nullopt_t) noexcept;
+ optional& operator=(const optional&);
+ optional& operator=(optional&&) noexcept(see below);
+ template optional& operator=(U&&);
+ template optional& operator=(const optional&);
+ template optional& operator=(optional&&);
+ template T& emplace(Args&&...);
+ template T& emplace(initializer_list, Args&&...);
+
+ // [optional.swap], swap
+ void swap(optional&) noexcept(see below);
+
+ // [optional.observe], observers
+ constexpr const T* operator->() const {
+ return std::addressof(m_storage.t);
+ }
+ constexpr T* operator->() {
+ return std::addressof(m_storage.t);
+ }
+ constexpr const T& operator*() const& {
+ return m_storage.t;
+ }
+ constexpr T& operator*() & {
+ return m_storage.t;
+ }
+ constexpr T&& operator*() && {
+ return std::move(m_storage.t);
+ }
+ constexpr const T&& operator*() const&& {
+ return std::move(m_storage.t);
+ }
+ constexpr explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
+ return m_has_value;
+ }
+ constexpr bool has_value() const noexcept {
+ return m_has_value;
+ }
+ constexpr const T& value() const& {
+ return has_value() ? m_storage.t : throw bad_optional_access();
+ }
+ constexpr T& value() & {
+ return has_value() ? m_storage.t : throw bad_optional_access();
+ }
+ constexpr T&& value() && {
+ return has_value() ? std::move(m_storage.t) : throw bad_optional_access();
+ }
+ constexpr const T&& value() const&& {
+ return has_value() ? std::move(m_storage.t) : throw bad_optional_access();
+ }
+ template constexpr T value_or(U&&) const& {
+ static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible::value && std::is_convertible::value,
+ "T must be copy constructible and convertible from U");
+ return has_value() ? value() : static_cast(std::forward(v));
+ }
+ template constexpr T value_or(U&&) && {
+ static_assert(std::is_move_constructible::value && std::is_convertible::value,
+ "T must be move constructible and convertible from U");
+ return has_value() ? value() : static_cast(std::forward(v));
+ }
+
+ // [optional.mod], modifiers
+ void reset() noexcept;
+
+ private:
+ struct dummy{};
+ union {
+ dummy d;
+ T t;
+ } m_storage;
+
+ bool m_has_value;
+ };
+}