diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayImpl.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayImpl.hpp
index 9bc66915..03df10cd 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayImpl.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayImpl.hpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ inline VariantImpl::iterator VariantImpl::at(size_t index) const {
 
   auto it = createIterator();
   while (!it.done() && index) {
-    it.next(resources_);
+    it.next();
     --index;
   }
   return it;
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ inline VariantData* VariantImpl::addElement() {
 inline VariantData* VariantImpl::getOrAddElement(size_t index) {
   auto it = createIterator();
   while (!it.done() && index > 0) {
-    it.next(resources_);
+    it.next();
     index--;
   }
   if (it.done())
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArray.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArray.hpp
index 1509c6f4..3b00d8df 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArray.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArray.hpp
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class JsonArray : public detail::VariantOperators<JsonArray> {
   // Returns an iterator to the first element of the array.
   // https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/jsonarray/begin/
   iterator begin() const {
-    return iterator(impl_.createIterator(), impl_.getResourceManager());
+    return iterator(impl_.createIterator());
   }
 
   // Returns an iterator following the last element of the array.
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayConst.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayConst.hpp
index c6b71818..869ca462 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayConst.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayConst.hpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class JsonArrayConst : public detail::VariantOperators<JsonArrayConst> {
   // Returns an iterator to the first element of the array.
   // https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/jsonarrayconst/begin/
   iterator begin() const {
-    return iterator(impl_.createIterator(), impl_.getResourceManager());
+    return iterator(impl_.createIterator());
   }
 
   // Returns an iterator to the element following the last element of the array.
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayIterator.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayIterator.hpp
index 038a60ba..2132f51b 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayIterator.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayIterator.hpp
@@ -30,12 +30,11 @@ class JsonArrayIterator {
 
  public:
   JsonArrayIterator() {}
-  explicit JsonArrayIterator(detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator,
-                             detail::ResourceManager* resources)
-      : iterator_(iterator), resources_(resources) {}
+  explicit JsonArrayIterator(const detail::VariantImpl::iterator& iterator)
+      : iterator_(iterator) {}
 
   JsonVariant operator*() {
-    return JsonVariant(iterator_.value(resources_));
+    return JsonVariant(iterator_.value());
   }
   Ptr<JsonVariant> operator->() {
     return operator*();
@@ -50,13 +49,12 @@ class JsonArrayIterator {
   }
 
   JsonArrayIterator& operator++() {
-    iterator_.next(resources_);
+    iterator_.next();
     return *this;
   }
 
  private:
   detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator_;
-  detail::ResourceManager* resources_;
 };
 
 class JsonArrayConstIterator {
@@ -64,12 +62,11 @@ class JsonArrayConstIterator {
 
  public:
   JsonArrayConstIterator() {}
-  explicit JsonArrayConstIterator(detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator,
-                                  detail::ResourceManager* resources)
-      : iterator_(iterator), resources_(resources) {}
+  explicit JsonArrayConstIterator(const detail::VariantImpl::iterator& iterator)
+      : iterator_(iterator) {}
 
   JsonVariantConst operator*() const {
-    return JsonVariantConst(iterator_.value(resources_));
+    return JsonVariantConst(iterator_.value());
   }
   Ptr<JsonVariantConst> operator->() {
     return operator*();
@@ -84,13 +81,12 @@ class JsonArrayConstIterator {
   }
 
   JsonArrayConstIterator& operator++() {
-    iterator_.next(resources_);
+    iterator_.next();
     return *this;
   }
 
  private:
   mutable detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator_;
-  mutable detail::ResourceManager* resources_;
 };
 
 ARDUINOJSON_END_PUBLIC_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionImpl.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionImpl.hpp
index 5d131921..37d3d05a 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionImpl.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionImpl.hpp
@@ -12,23 +12,23 @@
 
 ARDUINOJSON_BEGIN_PRIVATE_NAMESPACE
 
-inline void CollectionIterator::next(const ResourceManager* resources) {
+inline void CollectionIterator::next() {
   ARDUINOJSON_ASSERT(slot_);
   auto nextId = slot_->next;
-  slot_ = resources->getVariant(nextId);
+  slot_ = resources_->getVariant(nextId);
   currentId_ = nextId;
 }
 
-inline VariantImpl CollectionIterator::value(ResourceManager* resources) const {
+inline VariantImpl CollectionIterator::value() const {
   ARDUINOJSON_ASSERT(slot_ != nullptr);
-  return VariantImpl(slot_, resources);
+  return VariantImpl(slot_, resources_);
 }
 
 inline VariantImpl::iterator VariantImpl::createIterator() const {
   if (!data_ || !data_->isCollection())
     return iterator();
   auto coll = getCollectionData();
-  return iterator(getVariant(coll->head), coll->head);
+  return iterator(coll->head, resources_);
 }
 
 inline void VariantImpl::appendOne(Slot<VariantData> slot) {
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ inline size_t VariantImpl::nesting() const {
   if (!data_ || !data_->isCollection())
     return 0;
   size_t maxChildNesting = 0;
-  for (auto it = createIterator(); !it.done(); it.next(resources_)) {
-    auto childNesting = it.value(resources_).nesting();
+  for (auto it = createIterator(); !it.done(); it.next()) {
+    auto childNesting = it.value().nesting();
     if (childNesting > maxChildNesting)
       maxChildNesting = childNesting;
   }
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionIterator.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionIterator.hpp
index d331f933..2fc4a9f5 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionIterator.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionIterator.hpp
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ class CollectionIterator {
   friend class VariantImpl;
 
  public:
-  CollectionIterator() : slot_(nullptr), currentId_(NULL_SLOT) {}
+  CollectionIterator() {}
 
-  void next(const ResourceManager* resources);
+  void next();
 
-  VariantImpl value(ResourceManager* resources) const;
+  VariantImpl value() const;
 
   bool done() const {
     return slot_ == nullptr;
@@ -46,11 +46,14 @@ class CollectionIterator {
   }
 
  private:
-  CollectionIterator(VariantData* slot, SlotId slotId)
-      : slot_(slot), currentId_(slotId) {}
+  CollectionIterator(SlotId slotId, ResourceManager* resources)
+      : slot_(resources->getVariant(slotId)),
+        currentId_(slotId),
+        resources_(resources) {}
 
-  VariantData* slot_;
-  SlotId currentId_;
+  VariantData* slot_ = nullptr;
+  SlotId currentId_ = NULL_SLOT;
+  ResourceManager* resources_ = nullptr;
 };
 
 ARDUINOJSON_END_PRIVATE_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Json/PrettyJsonSerializer.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Json/PrettyJsonSerializer.hpp
index f3e5a6a3..6cbe594f 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Json/PrettyJsonSerializer.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Json/PrettyJsonSerializer.hpp
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ class PrettyJsonSerializer : public JsonSerializer<TWriter> {
       nesting_++;
       while (!it.done()) {
         indent();
-        it.value(base::resources_).accept(*this);
-        it.next(base::resources_);
+        it.value().accept(*this);
+        it.next();
         base::write(it.done() ? "\r\n" : ",\r\n");
       }
       nesting_--;
@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ class PrettyJsonSerializer : public JsonSerializer<TWriter> {
       while (!it.done()) {
         if (isKey)
           indent();
-        it.value(base::resources_).accept(*this);
-        it.next(base::resources_);
+        it.value().accept(*this);
+        it.next();
         if (isKey)
           base::write(": ");
         else
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObject.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObject.hpp
index 59844b30..dc29d395 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObject.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObject.hpp
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class JsonObject : public detail::VariantOperators<JsonObject> {
   // Returns an iterator to the first key-value pair of the object.
   // https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/jsonobject/begin/
   iterator begin() const {
-    return iterator(impl_.createIterator(), impl_.getResourceManager());
+    return iterator(impl_.createIterator());
   }
 
   // Returns an iterator following the last key-value pair of the object.
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObjectConst.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObjectConst.hpp
index c75580f4..19caf34d 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObjectConst.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObjectConst.hpp
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class JsonObjectConst : public detail::VariantOperators<JsonObjectConst> {
   // Returns an iterator to the first key-value pair of the object.
   // https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/jsonobjectconst/begin/
   iterator begin() const {
-    return iterator(impl_.createIterator(), impl_.getResourceManager());
+    return iterator(impl_.createIterator());
   }
 
   // Returns an iterator following the last key-value pair of the object.
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObjectIterator.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObjectIterator.hpp
index 3adb25a5..fe57d64c 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObjectIterator.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObjectIterator.hpp
@@ -14,12 +14,11 @@ class JsonObjectIterator {
  public:
   JsonObjectIterator() {}
 
-  explicit JsonObjectIterator(detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator,
-                              detail::ResourceManager* resources)
-      : iterator_(iterator), resources_(resources) {}
+  explicit JsonObjectIterator(const detail::VariantImpl::iterator& iterator)
+      : iterator_(iterator) {}
 
   JsonPair operator*() const {
-    return JsonPair(iterator_, resources_);
+    return JsonPair(iterator_);
   }
   Ptr<JsonPair> operator->() {
     return operator*();
@@ -34,14 +33,13 @@ class JsonObjectIterator {
   }
 
   JsonObjectIterator& operator++() {
-    iterator_.next(resources_);  // key
-    iterator_.next(resources_);  // value
+    iterator_.next();  // key
+    iterator_.next();  // value
     return *this;
   }
 
  private:
   detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator_;
-  detail::ResourceManager* resources_;
 };
 
 class JsonObjectConstIterator {
@@ -50,12 +48,12 @@ class JsonObjectConstIterator {
  public:
   JsonObjectConstIterator() {}
 
-  explicit JsonObjectConstIterator(detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator,
-                                   detail::ResourceManager* resources)
-      : iterator_(iterator), resources_(resources) {}
+  explicit JsonObjectConstIterator(
+      const detail::VariantImpl::iterator& iterator)
+      : iterator_(iterator) {}
 
   JsonPairConst operator*() const {
-    return JsonPairConst(iterator_, resources_);
+    return JsonPairConst(iterator_);
   }
   Ptr<JsonPairConst> operator->() {
     return operator*();
@@ -70,14 +68,13 @@ class JsonObjectConstIterator {
   }
 
   JsonObjectConstIterator& operator++() {
-    iterator_.next(resources_);  // key
-    iterator_.next(resources_);  // value
+    iterator_.next();  // key
+    iterator_.next();  // value
     return *this;
   }
 
  private:
   detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator_;
-  detail::ResourceManager* resources_;
 };
 
 ARDUINOJSON_END_PUBLIC_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonPair.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonPair.hpp
index f72e2cc7..411c2a93 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonPair.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/JsonPair.hpp
@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@ ARDUINOJSON_BEGIN_PUBLIC_NAMESPACE
 class JsonPair {
  public:
   // INTERNAL USE ONLY
-  JsonPair(detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator,
-           detail::ResourceManager* resources) {
+  JsonPair(detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator) {
     if (!iterator.done()) {
-      key_ = iterator.value(resources).asString();
-      iterator.next(resources);
-      value_ = JsonVariant(iterator.value(resources));
+      key_ = iterator.value().asString();
+      iterator.next();
+      value_ = JsonVariant(iterator.value());
     }
   }
 
@@ -43,12 +42,11 @@ class JsonPair {
 // https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/jsonobjectconst/begin_end/
 class JsonPairConst {
  public:
-  JsonPairConst(detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator,
-                detail::ResourceManager* resources) {
+  JsonPairConst(detail::VariantImpl::iterator iterator) {
     if (!iterator.done()) {
-      key_ = iterator.value(resources).asString();
-      iterator.next(resources);
-      value_ = JsonVariantConst(iterator.value(resources));
+      key_ = iterator.value().asString();
+      iterator.next();
+      value_ = JsonVariantConst(iterator.value());
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/ObjectImpl.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/ObjectImpl.hpp
index d4752f15..939a42f7 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Object/ObjectImpl.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Object/ObjectImpl.hpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ inline VariantData* VariantImpl::getMember(TAdaptedString key) const {
   auto it = findKey(key);
   if (it.done())
     return nullptr;
-  it.next(resources_);
+  it.next();
   return it.data();
 }
 
@@ -33,9 +33,8 @@ inline VariantImpl::iterator VariantImpl::findKey(TAdaptedString key) const {
   if (key.isNull())
     return iterator();
   bool isKey = true;
-  for (auto it = createIterator(); !it.done(); it.next(resources_)) {
-    if (isKey &&
-        stringEquals(key, adaptString(it.value(resources_).asString())))
+  for (auto it = createIterator(); !it.done(); it.next()) {
+    if (isKey && stringEquals(key, adaptString(it.value().asString())))
       return it;
     isKey = !isKey;
   }
diff --git a/src/ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantImpl.hpp b/src/ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantImpl.hpp
index fd3b0d38..9068fdba 100644
--- a/src/ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantImpl.hpp
+++ b/src/ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantImpl.hpp
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ class VariantImpl {
 
     size_t count = 0;
 
-    for (auto it = createIterator(); !it.done(); it.next(resources_))
+    for (auto it = createIterator(); !it.done(); it.next())
       count++;
 
     if (data_->type == VariantType::Object)