Set version to 6.14.1

https://github.com/msgpack/website/blob/master/README.md#how-to-list-up-your-project-on-msgpackorg

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+custom: https://arduinojson.org/book/

.github/lock.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Configuration for Lock Threads - https://github.com/dessant/lock-threads
+
+# Number of days of inactivity before a closed issue or pull request is locked
+daysUntilLock: 30
+
+# Comment to post before locking. Set to `false` to disable
+lockComment: false

.gitignore

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 /sftp-config.json
 .tags
 .tags_sorted_by_file
-/fuzzing/*_fuzzer
-/fuzzing/*_fuzzer.options
-/fuzzing/*_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip
+/extras/fuzzing/*_fuzzer
+/extras/fuzzing/*_fuzzer.options
+/extras/fuzzing/*_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip
 .vs/

.travis.yml

@@ -2,129 +2,131 @@ sudo: false
 language: cpp
 matrix:
   include:
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
+    - addons:
+        apt:
+          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
+          packages: ['g++-4.4']
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=gcc-4.4 _CXX=g++-4.4
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['g++-4.6']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=4.6
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=gcc-4.6 _CXX=g++-4.6
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['g++-4.7']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=4.7
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=gcc-4.7 _CXX=g++-4.7
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['g++-4.8']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=4.8 SANITIZE=address
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=gcc-4.8 _CXX=g++-4.8 SANITIZE=address
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['g++-4.9']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=4.9 SANITIZE=leak
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=gcc-4.9 _CXX=g++-4.9 SANITIZE=leak
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['g++-5']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=5 # SANITIZE=undefined 
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=gcc-5 _CXX=g++-5 # SANITIZE=undefined
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['g++-6']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=6
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=gcc-6 _CXX=g++-6
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['g++-7']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=7
-    - compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=gcc-7 _CXX=g++-7
+    - addons:
+        apt:
+          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
+          packages: ['g++-8']
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=gcc-8 _CXX=g++-8
+    - addons:
+        apt:
+          packages: ['g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf']
+      env: SCRIPT=build _CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc _CXX=arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
+    - env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang _CXX=clang++
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-precise-3.5']
           packages: ['clang-3.5']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.5 SANITIZE=address
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-3.5 _CXX=clang++-3.5 SANITIZE=address
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-precise-3.6']
           packages: ['clang-3.6']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.6 SANITIZE=leak
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-3.6 _CXX=clang++-3.6 SANITIZE=leak
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-precise-3.7']
           packages: ['clang-3.7']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.7
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-3.7 _CXX=clang++-3.7
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-precise-3.8']
           packages: ['clang-3.8']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.8 SANITIZE=undefined
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-3.8 _CXX=clang++-3.8 SANITIZE=undefined
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.9']
           packages: ['clang-3.9']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.9
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-3.9 _CXX=clang++-3.9
+    - addons:
         apt:
           sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-4.0']
           packages: ['clang-4.0']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=4.0
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-4.0 _CXX=clang++-4.0
+    - addons:
         apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-5.0']
+          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['clang-5.0']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=5.0
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-5.0 _CXX=clang++-5.0
+    - addons:
         apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-6.0']
+          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['clang-6.0']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=6.0
-    - compiler: gcc
-      env: SCRIPT=coverage
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-6.0 _CXX=clang++-6.0
+    - addons:
+        apt:
+          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-7']
+          packages: ['clang-7']
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-7 _CXX=clang++-7
+    - addons:
+        apt:
+          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-8']
+          packages: ['clang-8']
+      env: SCRIPT=test _CC=clang-8 _CXX=clang++-8
+    - env: SCRIPT=coverage
     - os: osx
       osx_image: xcode7.3
-      compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake
+      env: SCRIPT=test
     - os: osx
       osx_image: xcode8.3
-      compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake
+      env: SCRIPT=test
     - os: osx
       osx_image: xcode9.4
-      compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake
+      env: SCRIPT=test
     - os: osx
       osx_image: xcode10
-      compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake SANITIZE=address
+      env: SCRIPT=test SANITIZE=address
     - env: SCRIPT=arduino VERSION=1.6.7 BOARD=arduino:avr:uno
     - env: SCRIPT=arduino VERSION=1.8.2 BOARD=arduino:samd:mkr1000
     - env: SCRIPT=platformio BOARD=uno
     - env: SCRIPT=platformio BOARD=esp01
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
+    - addons:
         apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-6.0']
+          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
           packages: ['clang-6.0','llvm-6.0']
       env: SCRIPT=fuzz CLANG=6.0
 cache:
   directories:
     - "~/.platformio"
-    - "fuzzing/json_corpus"
-    - "fuzzing/msgpack_corpus"
-script: scripts/travis/$SCRIPT.sh
+    - "extras/fuzzing/json_corpus"
+    - "extras/fuzzing/msgpack_corpus"
+script: extras/ci/$SCRIPT.sh

ArduinoJson.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 #include "src/ArduinoJson.h"

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,6 +1,257 @@
 ArduinoJson: change log
 =======================
 
+v6.14.1 (2020-01-27)
+-------
+
+* Fixed regression in UTF16 decoding (issue #1173)
+* Fixed `containsKey()` on `JsonVariantConst`
+* Added `getElement()` and `getMember()` to `JsonVariantConst`
+
+v6.14.0 (2020-01-16)
+-------
+
+* Added `BasicJsonDocument::shrinkToFit()`
+* Added support of `uint8_t` for `serializeJson()`, `serializeJsonPretty()`, and `serializeMsgPack()` (issue #1142)
+* Added `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_COMMENTS` to enable support for comments (defaults to 0)
+* Auto enable support for `std::string` and `std::stream` on modern compilers (issue #1156)
+  (No need to define `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STRING` and `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STREAM` anymore)
+* Improved decoding of UTF-16 surrogate pairs (PR #1157 by @kaysievers)
+  (ArduinoJson now produces standard UTF-8 instead of CESU-8)
+* Added `measureJson`, `measureJsonPretty`, and `measureMsgPack` to `keywords.txt`
+  (This file is used for syntax highlighting in the Arduino IDE) 
+* Fixed `variant.is<nullptr_t>()`
+* Fixed value returned by `serializeJson()`, `serializeJsonPretty()`, and `serializeMsgPack()` when writing to a `String`
+* Improved speed of `serializeJson()`, `serializeJsonPretty()`, and `serializeMsgPack()` when writing to a `String`
+
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+> 
+> #### Comments
+> 
+> Support for comments in input is now optional and disabled by default.
+>
+> If you need support for comments, you must defined `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_COMMENTS` to `1`; otherwise, you'll receive `InvalidInput` errors.
+>
+> ```c++
+> #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_COMMENTS 1
+> #include <ArduinoJson.h>
+> ```
+
+v6.13.0 (2019-11-01)
+-------
+
+* Added support for custom writer/reader classes (issue #1088)
+* Added conversion from `JsonArray` and `JsonObject` to `bool`, to be consistent with `JsonVariant`
+* Fixed `deserializeJson()` when input contains duplicate keys (issue #1095)
+* Improved `deserializeMsgPack()` speed by reading several bytes at once
+* Added detection of Atmel AVR8/GNU C Compiler (issue #1112)
+* Fixed deserializer that stopped reading at the first `0xFF` (PR #1118 by @mikee47)
+* Fixed dangling reference in copies of `MemberProxy` and `ElementProxy` (issue #1120)
+
+v6.12.0 (2019-09-05)
+-------
+
+* Use absolute instead of relative includes (issue #1072)
+* Changed `JsonVariant::as<bool>()` to return `true` for any non-null value (issue #1005)
+* Moved ancillary files to `extras/` (issue #1011)
+
+v6.11.5 (2019-08-23)
+-------
+
+* Added fallback implementations of `strlen_P()`, `strncmp_P()`, `strcmp_P()`, and `memcpy_P()` (issue #1073)
+
+v6.11.4 (2019-08-12)
+-------
+
+* Added `measureJson()` to the `ArduinoJson` namespace (PR #1069 by @nomis)
+* Added support for `basic_string<char, traits, allocator>` (issue #1045)
+* Fixed example `JsonConfigFile.ino` for ESP8266
+* Include `Arduino.h` if `ARDUINO` is defined (PR #1071 by @nomis)
+
+v6.11.3 (2019-07-22)
+-------
+
+* Added operators `==` and `!=` for `JsonDocument`, `ElementProxy`, and `MemberProxy`
+* Fixed comparison of `JsonVariant` when one contains a linked string and the other contains an owned string (issue #1051)
+
+v6.11.2 (2019-07-08)
+-------
+
+* Fixed assignment of `JsonDocument` to `JsonVariant` (issue #1023)
+* Fix invalid conversion error on Particle Argon (issue #1035)
+
+v6.11.1 (2019-06-21)
+-------
+
+* Fixed `serialized()` not working with Flash strings (issue #1030)
+
+v6.11.0 (2019-05-26)
+-------
+
+* Fixed `deserializeJson()` silently accepting a `Stream*` (issue #978)
+* Fixed invalid result from `operator|` (issue #981)
+* Made `deserializeJson()` more picky about trailing characters (issue #980)
+* Added `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_NAN` (default=0) to enable NaN in JSON (issue #973)
+* Added `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_INFINITY` (default=0) to enable Infinity in JSON
+* Removed implicit conversion in comparison operators (issue #998)
+* Added lexicographical comparison for `JsonVariant`
+* Added support for `nullptr` (issue #998)
+
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+> 
+> #### NaN and Infinity
+> 
+> The JSON specification allows neither NaN not Infinity, but previous
+> versions of ArduinoJson supported it. Now, ArduinoJson behaves like most
+> other libraries: a NaN or and Infinity in the `JsonDocument`, becomes
+> a `null` in the output JSON. Also, `deserializeJson()` returns
+> `InvalidInput` if the JSON document contains NaN or Infinity.
+> 
+> This version still supports NaN and Infinity in JSON documents, but
+> it's disabled by default to be compatible with other JSON parsers.
+> If you need the old behavior back, define `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_NAN` and
+> `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_INFINITY` to `1`;:
+> 
+> ```c++
+> #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_NAN 1
+> #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_INFINITY 1
+> #include <ArduinoJson.h>
+> ```
+> 
+> #### The "or" operator
+> 
+> This version slightly changes the behavior of the | operator when the 
+> variant contains a float and the user requests an integer.
+>
+> Older versions returned the floating point value truncated.
+> Now, it returns the default value.
+> 
+> ```c++
+> // suppose variant contains 1.2
+> int value = variant | 3;
+> 
+> // old behavior:
+> value == 1
+> 
+> // new behavior
+> value == 3
+> ```
+> 
+> If you need the old behavior, you must add `if (variant.is<float>())`.
+
+v6.10.1 (2019-04-23)
+-------
+
+* Fixed error "attributes are not allowed on a function-definition"
+* Fixed `deserializeJson()` not being picky enough (issue #969)
+* Fixed error "no matching function for call to write(uint8_t)" (issue #972)
+
+v6.10.0 (2019-03-22)
+-------
+
+* Fixed an integer overflow in the JSON deserializer
+* Added overflow handling in `JsonVariant::as<T>()` and `JsonVariant::is<T>()`.
+   - `as<T>()` returns `0` if the integer `T` overflows
+   - `is<T>()` returns `false` if the integer `T` overflows
+* Added `BasicJsonDocument` to support custom allocator (issue #876)
+* Added `JsonDocument::containsKey()` (issue #938)
+* Added `JsonVariant::containsKey()`
+
+v6.9.1 (2019-03-01)
+------
+
+* Fixed warning "unused variable" with GCC 4.4 (issue #912)
+* Fixed warning "cast  increases required alignment" (issue #914)
+* Fixed warning "conversion may alter value" (issue #914)
+* Fixed naming conflict with "CAPACITY" (issue #839)
+* Muted warning "will change in GCC 7.1" (issue #914)
+* Added a clear error message for `StaticJsonBuffer` and `DynamicJsonBuffer`
+* Marked ArduinoJson.h  as a "system header"
+
+v6.9.0 (2019-02-26)
+------
+
+* Decode escaped Unicode characters like \u00DE (issue #304, PR #791)
+  Many thanks to Daniel Schulte (aka @trilader) who implemented this feature.
+* Added option ARDUINOJSON_DECODE_UNICODE to enable it
+* Converted `JsonArray::copyFrom()/copyTo()` to free functions `copyArray()`
+* Renamed `JsonArray::copyFrom()` and `JsonObject::copyFrom()` to `set()`
+* Renamed `JsonArray::get()` to `getElement()`
+* Renamed `JsonArray::add()` (without arg) to `addElement()`
+* Renamed `JsonObject::get()` to `getMember()`
+* Renamed `JsonObject::getOrCreate()` to `getOrAddMember()`
+* Fixed `JsonVariant::isNull()` not returning `true` after `set((char*)0)`
+* Fixed segfault after `variant.set(serialized((char*)0))`
+* Detect `IncompleteInput` in `false`, `true`, and `null`
+* Added `JsonDocument::size()`
+* Added `JsonDocument::remove()`
+* Added `JsonVariant::clear()`
+* Added `JsonVariant::remove()`
+
+v6.8.0-beta (2019-01-30)
+-----------
+
+* Import functions in the ArduinoJson namespace to get clearer errors
+* Improved syntax highlighting in Arduino IDE
+* Removed default capacity of `DynamicJsonDocument`
+* `JsonArray::copyFrom()` accepts `JsonArrayConst`
+* `JsonVariant::set()` accepts `JsonArrayConst` and `JsonObjectConst`
+* `JsonDocument` was missing in the ArduinoJson namespace
+* Added `memoryUsage()` to `JsonArray`, `JsonObject`, and `JsonVariant`
+* Added `nesting()` to `JsonArray`, `JsonDocument`, `JsonObject`, and `JsonVariant`
+* Replaced `JsonDocument::nestingLimit` with an additional parameter
+  to `deserializeJson()` and `deserializeMsgPack()`
+* Fixed uninitialized variant in `JsonDocument`
+* Fixed `StaticJsonDocument` copy constructor and copy assignment
+* The copy constructor of `DynamicJsonDocument` chooses the capacity according to the memory usage of the source, not from the capacity of the source.
+* Added the ability to create/assign a `StaticJsonDocument`/`DynamicJsonDocument` from a `JsonArray`/`JsonObject`/`JsonVariant`
+* Added `JsonDocument::isNull()`
+* Added `JsonDocument::operator[]`
+* Added `ARDUINOJSON_TAB` to configure the indentation character
+* Reduced the size of the pretty JSON serializer
+* Added `add()`, `createNestedArray()` and `createNestedObject()` to `JsonVariant`
+* `JsonVariant` automatically promotes to `JsonObject` or `JsonArray` on write.
+  Calling `JsonVariant::to<T>()` is not required anymore.
+* `JsonDocument` now support the same operations as `JsonVariant`.
+  Calling `JsonDocument::as<T>()` is not required anymore.
+* Fixed example `JsonHttpClient.ino`
+* User can now use a `JsonString` as a key or a value
+
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+> 
+> #### `DynamicJsonDocument`'s constructor
+> 
+> The parameter to the constructor of `DynamicJsonDocument` is now mandatory
+>
+> Old code:
+>
+> ```c++
+> DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+> ```
+>
+> New code:
+>
+> ```c++
+> DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
+> ```
+> 
+> #### Nesting limit
+> 
+> `JsonDocument::nestingLimit` was replaced with a new parameter to `deserializeJson()` and `deserializeMsgPack()`.
+> 
+> Old code:
+> 
+> ```c++
+> doc.nestingLimit = 15;
+> deserializeJson(doc, input);
+> ```
+> 
+> New code: 
+> 
+> ```c++
+> deserializeJson(doc, input, DeserializationOption::NestingLimit(15));
+> ```
+
 v6.7.0-beta (2018-12-07)
 -----------
 

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 # MIT License
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
@@ -17,6 +17,5 @@ if(${COVERAGE})
 endif()
 
 include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src)
-add_subdirectory(third-party/catch)
-add_subdirectory(test)
-add_subdirectory(fuzzing)
+add_subdirectory(extras/tests)
+add_subdirectory(extras/fuzzing)

LICENSE.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 ---------------------
 
-Copyright © 2014-2018 Benoit BLANCHON
+Copyright © 2014-2019 Benoit BLANCHON
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 

README.md

@@ -2,54 +2,88 @@
 
 ---
 
-[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/m7s53wav1l0abssg/branch/6.x?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bblanchon/arduinojson/branch/6.x) [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson.svg?branch=6.x)](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson) [![Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/bblanchon/ArduinoJson.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=6.x) [![Star this project](http://githubbadges.com/star.svg?user=bblanchon&repo=ArduinoJson&style=flat&color=fff&background=007ec6)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson)
+[![arduino-library-badge](https://www.ardu-badge.com/badge/ArduinoJson.svg?version=6.14.1)](https://www.ardu-badge.com/ArduinoJson/6.14.1)
+[![Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/m7s53wav1l0abssg/branch/6.x?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bblanchon/arduinojson/branch/6.x)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson.svg?branch=6.x)](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson)
+[![Fuzzing Status](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/arduinojson.svg)](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:arduinojson)
+[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/badge.svg?branch=6.x)](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=6.x)
+[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?style=flat)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/stargazers)
 
 ArduinoJson is a C++ JSON library for Arduino and IoT (Internet Of Things).
 
 ## Features
 
-* JSON decoding (comments are supported)
-* JSON encoding (with optional indentation)
-* MessagePack
-* Elegant API, easy to use
-* Fixed memory allocation (zero malloc)
-* No data duplication (zero copy)
-* Portable (written in C++98, can be used in any C++ project)
-* Self-contained (no external dependency)
-* Small footprint
-* Input and output streams
-* [100% code coverage](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson)
-* [Header-only library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Header-only)
-* [MIT License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License)
-* [Comprehensive documentation](https://arduinojson.org?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-
-## Compatibility
-
-ArduinoJson works on the following hardware:
-
-* <img src="https://www.arduino.cc/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> Arduino boards: [Uno](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno), [Due](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue), [Mini](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMini), [Micro](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMicro), [Yun](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardYun)...
-* <img src="http://espressif.com/sites/all/themes/espressif/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> Espressif chips: [ESP8266](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP8266), [ESP32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP32)
-* <img src="https://www.wemos.cc/themes/martin-materialize-parallax/assets/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> WeMos boards: [D1](https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:d1:d1), [D1 mini](https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:d1:d1_mini),  ...
-* <img src="http://redbearlab.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> RedBearLab boards: [BLE Nano](http://redbearlab.com/blenano/), [BLE Mini](http://redbearlab.com/blemini/), [WiFi Micro](https://redbear.cc/product/wifi/wifi-micro.html), [LOLIN32](https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:lolin32:lolin32)...
-* <img src="https://www.pjrc.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Teensy](https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/) boards
-* <img src="https://software.intel.com/sites/all/themes/zero/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> Intel boards: Edison, Galileo...
-* <img src="https://www-assets.particle.io/images/favicon.png"  height="16" width="16"> Particle boards: [Photon](https://www.particle.io/products/hardware/photon-wifi-dev-kit), [Electron](https://www.particle.io/products/hardware/electron-cellular-dev-kit)...
-* <img src="http://www.ti.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> Texas Instruments boards: [MSP430](http://www.ti.com/microcontrollers/msp430-ultra-low-power-mcus/overview/overview.html)...
-
-ArduinoJson compiles with zero warning on the following compilers, IDEs, and platforms:
-
-* <img src="https://www.arduino.cc/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Arduino IDE](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
-* <img src="http://cdn.platformio.org/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [PlatformIO](http://platformio.org/)
-* <img src="http://energia.nu/img/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Energia](http://energia.nu/)
-* <img src="http://www.visualmicro.com/pics/arduino-visual-studio-ld.png" height="16" width="16"> [Visual Micro](http://www.visualmicro.com/)
-* <img src="http://www.atmel.com/Images/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Atmel Studio](http://www.atmel.com/microsite/atmel-studio/)
-* <img src="https://www.iar.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [IAR Embedded Workbench](https://www.iar.com/iar-embedded-workbench/)
-* <img src="http://www.st.com/etc/clientlibs/st-site/media/app/images/favicon.png" height="16" width="16"> [Atollic TrueSTUDIO](https://atollic.com/truestudio/)
-* <img src="http://www.keil.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Keil uVision](http://www.keil.com/)
-* <img src="http://www.microchip.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [MPLAB X IDE](http://www.microchip.com/mplab/mplab-x-ide)
-* <img src="https://gcc.gnu.org/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org/)
-* <img src="https://clang.llvm.org/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Clang](https://clang.llvm.org/)
-* <img src="https://www.visualstudio.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com/)
+* [JSON deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/)
+    * [Optionally decodes UTF-16 escape sequences to UTF-8](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/decode_unicode/)
+    * [Optionally stores links to the input buffer (zero-copy)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/)
+    * [Optionally supports comments in the input](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_comments/)
+    * Supports single quotes as a string delimiter
+    * Compatible with NDJSON and JSON Lines
+* [JSON serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejson/)
+    * [Can write to a buffer or a stream](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejson/)
+    * [Optionally indents the document (prettified JSON)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejsonpretty/)
+* [MessagePack serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/msgpack/serializemsgpack/)
+* [MessagePack deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/msgpack/deserializemsgpack/)
+* Efficient
+    * [Twice smaller than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Almost 10% faster than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Consumes roughly 10% less RAM than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Fixed memory allocation, no heap fragmentation](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/)
+    * [Optionally works without heap memory (zero malloc)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/staticjsondocument/)
+* Versatile
+    * [Supports custom allocators (to use external RAM chip, for example)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/how-to/use-external-ram-on-esp32/)
+    * Supports [Arduino's `String`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_arduino_string/) and [STL's `std::string`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_std_string/)
+    * Supports Arduino's `Stream` and [STL's `std::istream`/`std::ostream`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_std_stream/)
+    * [Supports Flash strings](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_progmem/)
+* Portable
+    * Usable on any C++ project (not limited to Arduino)
+    * Compatible with C++98
+    * Zero warnings with `-Wall -Wextra -pedantic` and `/W4`
+    * [Header-only library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Header-only)
+    * Works with virtually any board
+        * Arduino boards: [Uno](https://amzn.to/38aL2ik), [Due](https://amzn.to/36YkWi2), [Micro](https://amzn.to/35WkdwG), [Nano](https://amzn.to/2QTvwRX), [Mega](https://amzn.to/36XWhuf), [Yun](https://amzn.to/30odURc), [Leonardo](https://amzn.to/36XWjlR)...
+        * Espressif chips: [ESP8266](https://amzn.to/36YluV8), [ESP32](https://amzn.to/2G4pRCB)
+        * Lolin (WeMos) boards: [D1 mini](https://amzn.to/2QUpz7q), [D1 Mini Pro](https://amzn.to/36UsGSs)...
+        * Teensy boards: [4.0](https://amzn.to/30ljXGq), [3.2](https://amzn.to/2FT0EuC), [2.0](https://amzn.to/2QXUMXj) 
+        * Particle boards: [Argon](https://amzn.to/2FQHa9X), [Boron](https://amzn.to/36WgLUd), [Electron](https://amzn.to/30vEc4k), [Photon](https://amzn.to/387F9Cd)...
+        * Texas Instruments boards: [MSP430](https://amzn.to/30nJWgg)...
+    * Tested on all major development environments
+        * [Arduino IDE](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
+        * [Atmel Studio](http://www.atmel.com/microsite/atmel-studio/)
+        * [Atollic TrueSTUDIO](https://atollic.com/truestudio/)
+        * [Energia](http://energia.nu/)
+        * [IAR Embedded Workbench](https://www.iar.com/iar-embedded-workbench/)
+        * [Keil uVision](http://www.keil.com/)
+        * [MPLAB X IDE](http://www.microchip.com/mplab/mplab-x-ide)
+        * [PlatformIO](http://platformio.org/)
+        * [Sloeber plugin for Eclipse](https://eclipse.baeyens.it/)
+        * [Visual Micro](http://www.visualmicro.com/)
+        * [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com/)
+    * [Even works with online compilers like wandbox.org](https://wandbox.org/permlink/t7KP7I6dVuLhqzDl)
+* Well designed
+    * [Elegant API](http://127.0.0.1:4000/v6/example/)
+    * [Thread-safe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_safety)
+    * Self-contained (no external dependency)
+    * `const` friendly
+    * `for` friendly
+    * [TMP friendly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_metaprogramming)
+* Well tested
+    * [Unit test coverage close to 100%](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=6.x)
+    * Continuously tested on
+        * [Visual Studio 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bblanchon/arduinojson/branch/6.x)
+        * [GCC 4.4, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5, 6, 7, 8](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson)
+        * [Clang 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7, 8](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson)
+    * [Continuously fuzzed with Google OSS Fuzz](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:arduinojson)
+* Well documented
+    * [Tutorials](https://arduinojson.org/v6/doc/deserialization/)
+    * [Examples](https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/)
+    * [How-tos](https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/)
+    * [FAQ](https://arduinojson.org/v6/faq/)
+    * [Book](https://arduinojson.org/book/)
+* Vibrant user community
+    * Most popular of all Arduino libraries on [GitHub](https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=arduino+library&s=stars&type=Repositories) and [PlatformIO](https://platformio.org/lib/search)
+    * [Used in hundreds of projects](https://www.hackster.io/search?i=projects&q=arduinojson)
+    * [Responsive support](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)
 
 ## Quickstart
 
@@ -60,14 +94,13 @@ Here is a program that parses a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
 ```c++
 char json[] = "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
 
-DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
 deserializeJson(doc, json);
 
-JsonObjectRef root = doc.as<JsonObject>();
-const char* sensor = root["sensor"];
-long time          = root["time"];
-double latitude    = root["data"][0];
-double longitude   = root["data"][1];
+const char* sensor = doc["sensor"];
+long time          = doc["time"];
+double latitude    = doc["data"][0];
+double longitude   = doc["data"][1];
 ```
 
 See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/doc/decoding/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
@@ -77,13 +110,12 @@ See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/doc/decoding/?utm_
 Here is a program that generates a JSON document with ArduinoJson:
 
 ```c++
-DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
 
-JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-root["sensor"] = "gps";
-root["time"] = 1351824120;
+doc["sensor"] = "gps";
+doc["time"]   = 1351824120;
 
-JsonArray data = root.createNestedArray("data");
+JsonArray data = doc.createNestedArray("data");
 data.add(48.756080);
 data.add(2.302038);
 
@@ -94,16 +126,7 @@ serializeJson(doc, Serial);
 
 See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/doc/encoding/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
 
-## Documentation
-
-The documentation is available on [arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme), here are some shortcuts:
-
-* The [Examples](https://arduinojson.org/example/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme) show how to use the library in various situations.
-* The [API Reference](https://arduinojson.org/api/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme) contains the description of each class and function.
-* The [FAQ](https://arduinojson.org/faq/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme) has the answer to virtually every question.
-* The [ArduinoJson Assistant](https://arduinojson.org/assistant/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme) writes programs for you!
-
----
+## Support the project
 
 Do you like this library? Please [star this project on GitHub](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/stargazers)!
 

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-version: 6.4.0.{build}
+version: 6.14.1.{build}
 environment:
   matrix:
+  - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
+    CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 16 2019
   - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
     CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
   - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
@@ -17,4 +19,4 @@ before_build:
 build_script:
 - cmake --build . --config %CONFIGURATION%
 test_script:
-- ctest --output-on-failure .
+- ctest -C %CONFIGURATION% --output-on-failure .

component.mk

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+COMPONENT_ADD_INCLUDEDIRS := src

examples/JsonConfigFile/JsonConfigFile.ino

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to store your project configuration in a file.
@@ -10,12 +10,25 @@
 //   "hostname": "examples.com",
 //   "port": 2731
 // }
+//
+// To run this program, you need an SD card connected to the SPI bus as follows:
+// * MOSI <-> pin 11
+// * MISO <-> pin 12
+// * CLK  <-> pin 13
+// * CS   <-> pin 4
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/config/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <SD.h>
 #include <SPI.h>
 
-// Configuration that we'll store on disk
+// Our configuration structure.
+//
+// Never use a JsonDocument to store the configuration!
+// A JsonDocument is *not* a permanent storage; it's only a temporary storage
+// used during the serialization phase. See:
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/faq/why-must-i-create-a-separate-config-object/
 struct Config {
   char hostname[64];
   int port;
@@ -29,9 +42,9 @@ void loadConfiguration(const char *filename, Config &config) {
   // Open file for reading
   File file = SD.open(filename);
 
-  // Allocate the document on the stack.
+  // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
   // Don't forget to change the capacity to match your requirements.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
+  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
   StaticJsonDocument<512> doc;
 
   // Deserialize the JSON document
@@ -39,16 +52,13 @@ void loadConfiguration(const char *filename, Config &config) {
   if (error)
     Serial.println(F("Failed to read file, using default configuration"));
 
-  // Get the root object in the document
-  JsonObject root = doc.as<JsonObject>();
+  // Copy values from the JsonDocument to the Config
+  config.port = doc["port"] | 2731;
+  strlcpy(config.hostname,                  // <- destination
+          doc["hostname"] | "example.com",  // <- source
+          sizeof(config.hostname));         // <- destination's capacity
 
-  // Copy values from the JsonObject to the Config
-  config.port = root["port"] | 2731;
-  strlcpy(config.hostname,                   // <- destination
-          root["hostname"] | "example.com",  // <- source
-          sizeof(config.hostname));          // <- destination's capacity
-
-  // Close the file (File's destructor doesn't close the file)
+  // Close the file (Curiously, File's destructor doesn't close the file)
   file.close();
 }
 
@@ -64,24 +74,21 @@ void saveConfiguration(const char *filename, const Config &config) {
     return;
   }
 
-  // Allocate the document on the stack.
+  // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
   // Don't forget to change the capacity to match your requirements.
   // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
   StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
 
-  // Make our document contain an object
-  JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-
-  // Set the values in the object
-  root["hostname"] = config.hostname;
-  root["port"] = config.port;
+  // Set the values in the document
+  doc["hostname"] = config.hostname;
+  doc["port"] = config.port;
 
   // Serialize JSON to file
   if (serializeJson(doc, file) == 0) {
     Serial.println(F("Failed to write to file"));
   }
 
-  // Close the file (File's destructor doesn't close the file)
+  // Close the file
   file.close();
 }
 
@@ -100,7 +107,7 @@ void printFile(const char *filename) {
   }
   Serial.println();
 
-  // Close the file (File's destructor doesn't close the file)
+  // Close the file
   file.close();
 }
 
@@ -110,7 +117,8 @@ void setup() {
   while (!Serial) continue;
 
   // Initialize SD library
-  while (!SD.begin()) {
+  const int chipSelect = 4;
+  while (!SD.begin(chipSelect)) {
     Serial.println(F("Failed to initialize SD library"));
     delay(1000);
   }
@@ -132,4 +140,15 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/config/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization or deserialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a case study of a project that has
+// a complex configuration with nested members.
+// Contrary to this example, the project in the book uses the SPIFFS filesystem.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonGeneratorExample/JsonGeneratorExample.ino

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to generate a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/generator/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ void setup() {
   //
   // Inside the brackets, 200 is the RAM allocated to this document.
   // Don't forget to change this value to match your requirement.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
+  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
   StaticJsonDocument<200> doc;
 
   // StaticJsonObject allocates memory on the stack, it can be
@@ -23,30 +25,30 @@ void setup() {
   //
   // DynamicJsonDocument  doc(200);
 
-  // Make our document be an object
-  JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-
-  // Add values in the object
+  // Add values in the document
   //
-  // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
-  // In other case, you can do root.set<long>("time", 1351824120);
-  root["sensor"] = "gps";
-  root["time"] = 1351824120;
+  doc["sensor"] = "gps";
+  doc["time"] = 1351824120;
 
   // Add an array.
   //
-  JsonArray data = root.createNestedArray("data");
+  JsonArray data = doc.createNestedArray("data");
   data.add(48.756080);
   data.add(2.302038);
 
-  serializeJson(root, Serial);
-  // This prints:
+  // Generate the minified JSON and send it to the Serial port.
+  //
+  serializeJson(doc, Serial);
+  // The above line prints:
   // {"sensor":"gps","time":1351824120,"data":[48.756080,2.302038]}
 
+  // Start a new line
   Serial.println();
 
-  serializeJsonPretty(root, Serial);
-  // This prints:
+  // Generate the prettified JSON and send it to the Serial port.
+  //
+  serializeJsonPretty(doc, Serial);
+  // The above line prints:
   // {
   //   "sensor": "gps",
   //   "time": 1351824120,
@@ -61,4 +63,15 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/generator/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on serialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, like the one above, and then adds more
+// features like serializing directly to a file or an HTTP request.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonHttpClient/JsonHttpClient.ino

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to parse a JSON document in an HTTP response.
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 //     2.302038
 //   ]
 // }
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/http-client/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <Ethernet.h>
@@ -57,7 +59,8 @@ void setup() {
   // Check HTTP status
   char status[32] = {0};
   client.readBytesUntil('\r', status, sizeof(status));
-  if (strcmp(status, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK") != 0) {
+  // It should be "HTTP/1.0 200 OK" or "HTTP/1.1 200 OK"
+  if (strcmp(status + 9, "200 OK") != 0) {
     Serial.print(F("Unexpected response: "));
     Serial.println(status);
     return;
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ void setup() {
   }
 
   // Allocate the JSON document
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
+  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
   const size_t capacity = JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(3) + JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(2) + 60;
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(capacity);
 
@@ -84,12 +87,11 @@ void setup() {
   }
 
   // Extract values
-  JsonObject root = doc.as<JsonObject>();
   Serial.println(F("Response:"));
-  Serial.println(root["sensor"].as<char*>());
-  Serial.println(root["time"].as<char*>());
-  Serial.println(root["data"][0].as<char*>());
-  Serial.println(root["data"][1].as<char*>());
+  Serial.println(doc["sensor"].as<char*>());
+  Serial.println(doc["time"].as<long>());
+  Serial.println(doc["data"][0].as<float>(), 6);
+  Serial.println(doc["data"][1].as<float>(), 6);
 
   // Disconnect
   client.stop();
@@ -99,4 +101,16 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/http-client/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization  problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on deserialization
+// showing how to parse the response from GitHub's API. In the last chapter,
+// it shows how to parse the huge documents from OpenWeatherMap
+// and Reddit.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonParserExample/JsonParserExample.ino

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to deserialize a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/parser/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
@@ -13,9 +15,9 @@ void setup() {
 
   // Allocate the JSON document
   //
-  // Inside the brackets, 200 is the size of the memory pool in bytes.
+  // Inside the brackets, 200 is the capacity of the memory pool in bytes.
   // Don't forget to change this value to match your JSON document.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
+  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
   StaticJsonDocument<200> doc;
 
   // StaticJsonDocument<N> allocates memory on the stack, it can be
@@ -25,9 +27,12 @@ void setup() {
 
   // JSON input string.
   //
-  // It's better to use a char[] as shown here.
-  // If you use a const char* or a String, ArduinoJson will
-  // have to make a copy of the input in the JsonBuffer.
+  // Using a char[], as shown here, enables the "zero-copy" mode. This mode uses
+  // the minimal amount of memory because the JsonDocument stores pointers to
+  // the input buffer.
+  // If you use another type of input, ArduinoJson must copy the strings from
+  // the input to the JsonDocument, so you need to increase the capacity of the
+  // JsonDocument.
   char json[] =
       "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
 
@@ -41,17 +46,14 @@ void setup() {
     return;
   }
 
-  // Get the root object in the document
-  JsonObject root = doc.as<JsonObject>();
-
   // Fetch values.
   //
   // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
-  // In other case, you can do root["time"].as<long>();
-  const char* sensor = root["sensor"];
-  long time = root["time"];
-  double latitude = root["data"][0];
-  double longitude = root["data"][1];
+  // In other case, you can do doc["time"].as<long>();
+  const char* sensor = doc["sensor"];
+  long time = doc["time"];
+  double latitude = doc["data"][0];
+  double longitude = doc["data"][1];
 
   // Print values.
   Serial.println(sensor);
@@ -64,4 +66,15 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/parser/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// deserialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on deserialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, like the one above, and then adds more
+// features like deserializing directly from a file or an HTTP request.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonServer/JsonServer.ino

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
-// This example shows how to implement an HTTP server that sends JSON document
-// in the responses.
+// This example shows how to implement an HTTP server that sends a JSON document
+// in the response.
 // It uses the Ethernet library but can be easily adapted for Wifi.
 //
-// It sends the value of the analog and digital pins.
-// The JSON document looks like the following:
+// The JSON document contains the values of the analog and digital pins.
+// It looks like that:
 // {
-//   "analog": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
-//   "digital": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]
+//   "analog": [0, 76, 123, 158, 192, 205],
+//   "digital": [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
 // }
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/http-server/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <Ethernet.h>
@@ -51,15 +53,12 @@ void loop() {
   // Read the request (we ignore the content in this example)
   while (client.available()) client.read();
 
-  // Allocate the JSON document
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
+  // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
+  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
   StaticJsonDocument<500> doc;
 
-  // Make our document represent an object
-  JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-
   // Create the "analog" array
-  JsonArray analogValues = root.createNestedArray("analog");
+  JsonArray analogValues = doc.createNestedArray("analog");
   for (int pin = 0; pin < 6; pin++) {
     // Read the analog input
     int value = analogRead(pin);
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ void loop() {
   }
 
   // Create the "digital" array
-  JsonArray digitalValues = root.createNestedArray("digital");
+  JsonArray digitalValues = doc.createNestedArray("digital");
   for (int pin = 0; pin < 14; pin++) {
     // Read the digital input
     int value = digitalRead(pin);
@@ -79,20 +78,33 @@ void loop() {
   }
 
   Serial.print(F("Sending: "));
-  serializeJson(root, Serial);
+  serializeJson(doc, Serial);
   Serial.println();
 
   // Write response headers
-  client.println("HTTP/1.0 200 OK");
-  client.println("Content-Type: application/json");
-  client.println("Connection: close");
+  client.println(F("HTTP/1.0 200 OK"));
+  client.println(F("Content-Type: application/json"));
+  client.println(F("Connection: close"));
+  client.print(F("Content-Length: "));
+  client.println(measureJsonPretty(doc));
   client.println();
 
   // Write JSON document
-  serializeJsonPretty(root, client);
+  serializeJsonPretty(doc, client);
 
   // Disconnect
   client.stop();
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/http-server/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on serialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, then adds more features like serializing
+// directly to a file or an HTTP client.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonUdpBeacon/JsonUdpBeacon.ino

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to send a JSON document to a UDP socket.
 // At regular interval, it sends a UDP packet that contains the status of
 // analog and digital pins.
-// The JSON document looks like the following:
+// It looks like that:
 // {
-//   "analog": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ],
-//   "digital": [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 ]
+//   "analog": [0, 76, 123, 158, 192, 205],
+//   "digital": [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
 // }
 //
 // If you want to test this program, you need to be able to receive the UDP
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 // For example, you can run netcat on your computer
 // $ ncat -ulp 8888
 // See https://nmap.org/ncat/
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/udp-beacon/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <Ethernet.h>
@@ -43,15 +45,12 @@ void setup() {
 }
 
 void loop() {
-  // Allocate the JSON document
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
+  // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
+  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
   StaticJsonDocument<500> doc;
 
-  // Make our document represent an object
-  JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-
   // Create the "analog" array
-  JsonArray analogValues = root.createNestedArray("analog");
+  JsonArray analogValues = doc.createNestedArray("analog");
   for (int pin = 0; pin < 6; pin++) {
     // Read the analog input
     int value = analogRead(pin);
@@ -61,7 +60,7 @@ void loop() {
   }
 
   // Create the "digital" array
-  JsonArray digitalValues = root.createNestedArray("digital");
+  JsonArray digitalValues = doc.createNestedArray("digital");
   for (int pin = 0; pin < 14; pin++) {
     // Read the digital input
     int value = digitalRead(pin);
@@ -75,11 +74,11 @@ void loop() {
   Serial.print(remoteIp);
   Serial.print(F(" on port "));
   Serial.println(remotePort);
-  serializeJson(root, Serial);
+  serializeJson(doc, Serial);
 
   // Send UDP packet
   udp.beginPacket(remoteIp, remotePort);
-  serializeJson(root, udp);
+  serializeJson(doc, udp);
   udp.println();
   udp.endPacket();
 
@@ -87,4 +86,15 @@ void loop() {
   delay(10000);
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/udp-beacon/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on serialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, then adds more features like serializing
+// directly to a file or any stream.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/MsgPackParser/MsgPackParser.ino

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to deserialize a MessagePack document with
 // ArduinoJson.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/msgpack-parser/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
@@ -14,9 +16,9 @@ void setup() {
 
   // Allocate the JSON document
   //
-  // Inside the brackets, 200 is the size of the memory pool in bytes.
+  // Inside the brackets, 200 is the capacity of the memory pool in bytes.
   // Don't forget to change this value to match your JSON document.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
+  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
   StaticJsonDocument<200> doc;
 
   // StaticJsonObject allocates memory on the stack, it can be
@@ -26,9 +28,12 @@ void setup() {
 
   // MessagePack input string.
   //
-  // It's better to use a char[] as shown here.
-  // If you use a const char* or a String, ArduinoJson will
-  // have to make a copy of the input in the JsonBuffer.
+  // Using a char[], as shown here, enables the "zero-copy" mode. This mode uses
+  // the minimal amount of memory because the JsonDocument stores pointers to
+  // the input buffer.
+  // If you use another type of input, ArduinoJson must copy the strings from
+  // the input to the JsonDocument, so you need to increase the capacity of the
+  // JsonDocument.
   uint8_t input[] = {131, 166, 115, 101, 110, 115, 111, 114, 163, 103, 112, 115,
                      164, 116, 105, 109, 101, 206, 80,  147, 50,  248, 164, 100,
                      97,  116, 97,  146, 203, 64,  72,  96,  199, 58,  188, 148,
@@ -40,31 +45,23 @@ void setup() {
   //   "data": [48.75608, 2.302038]
   // }
 
-  // doc of the object tree.
-  //
-  // It's a reference to the JsonObject, the actual bytes are inside the
-  // JsonBuffer with all the other nodes of the object tree.
-  // Memory is freed when jsonBuffer goes out of scope.
   DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(doc, input);
 
-  // Test if parsing succeeds.
+  // Test if parsing succeeded.
   if (error) {
     Serial.print("deserializeMsgPack() failed: ");
     Serial.println(error.c_str());
     return;
   }
 
-  // Get the root object in the document
-  JsonObject root = doc.as<JsonObject>();
-
   // Fetch values.
   //
   // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
-  // In other case, you can do root["time"].as<long>();
-  const char* sensor = root["sensor"];
-  long time = root["time"];
-  double latitude = root["data"][0];
-  double longitude = root["data"][1];
+  // In other case, you can do doc["time"].as<long>();
+  const char* sensor = doc["sensor"];
+  long time = doc["time"];
+  double latitude = doc["data"][0];
+  double longitude = doc["data"][1];
 
   // Print values.
   Serial.println(sensor);
@@ -76,5 +73,3 @@ void setup() {
 void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
-
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/msgpack-parser/ for more.

examples/ProgmemExample/ProgmemExample.ino

@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows the different ways you can use Flash strings with
 // ArduinoJson.
 //
 // Use Flash strings sparingly, because ArduinoJson duplicates them in the
-// JsonBuffer. Prefer plain old char*, as they are more efficient in term of
+// JsonDocument. Prefer plain old char*, as they are more efficient in term of
 // code size, speed, and memory usage.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/progmem/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 void setup() {
 #ifdef PROGMEM  // <- check that Flash strings are supported
 
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
 
   // You can use a Flash String as your JSON input.
-  // WARNING: the content of the Flash String will be duplicated in the
-  // JsonBuffer.
+  // WARNING: the strings in the input will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
   deserializeJson(doc, F("{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,"
                          "\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}"));
   JsonObject obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
@@ -29,12 +30,12 @@ void setup() {
 
   // You can use a Flash String to set an element of a JsonObject
   // WARNING: the content of the Flash String will be duplicated in the
-  // JsonBuffer.
+  // JsonDocument.
   obj[F("time")] = time;
 
   // You can set a Flash String to a JsonObject or JsonArray:
   // WARNING: the content of the Flash String will be duplicated in the
-  // JsonBuffer.
+  // JsonDocument.
   obj["sensor"] = F("gps");
 
   // It works with serialized() too:
@@ -57,4 +58,15 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/progmem/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any memory
+// problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a quick C++ course that explains
+// how your microcontroller stores strings in memory. It also tells why you
+// should not abuse Flash strings with ArduinoJson.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/StringExample/StringExample.ino

@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows the different ways you can use String with ArduinoJson.
 //
 // Use String objects sparingly, because ArduinoJson duplicates them in the
-// JsonBuffer. Prefer plain old char[], as they are more efficient in term of
+// JsonDocument. Prefer plain old char[], as they are more efficient in term of
 // code size, speed, and memory usage.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/string/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 void setup() {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
 
   // You can use a String as your JSON input.
-  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonBuffer.
+  // WARNING: the string in the input  will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
   String input =
       "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
   deserializeJson(doc, input);
@@ -25,11 +27,11 @@ void setup() {
   long time = obj[String("time")];
 
   // You can use a String to set an element of a JsonObject
-  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonBuffer.
+  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
   obj[String("time")] = time;
 
   // You can get a String from a JsonObject or JsonArray:
-  // No duplication is done, at least not in the JsonBuffer.
+  // No duplication is done, at least not in the JsonDocument.
   String sensor = obj["sensor"];
 
   // Unfortunately, the following doesn't work (issue #118):
@@ -38,14 +40,14 @@ void setup() {
   sensor = obj["sensor"].as<String>();
 
   // You can set a String to a JsonObject or JsonArray:
-  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonBuffer.
+  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
   obj["sensor"] = sensor;
 
   // It works with serialized() too:
   obj["sensor"] = serialized(sensor);
 
   // You can also concatenate strings
-  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonBuffer.
+  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
   obj[String("sen") + "sor"] = String("gp") + "s";
 
   // You can compare the content of a JsonObject with a String
@@ -62,4 +64,14 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/string/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a quick C++ course that explains
+// how your microcontroller stores strings in memory. On several occasions, it
+// shows how you can avoid String in your program.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

extras/ci/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#!/bin/sh -ex
+
+export CC="$_CC"
+export CXX="$_CXX"
+
+if [ -n "$SANITIZE" ]; then
+	export CXXFLAGS="-fsanitize=$SANITIZE"
+	BUILD_TYPE="Debug"
+else
+	BUILD_TYPE="Release"
+fi
+
+cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=$BUILD_TYPE .
+cmake --build .

extras/ci/coverage.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/sh -eux
+
+cmake -DCOVERAGE=true .
+make 
+make test
+
+pip install --user cpp-coveralls 'requests[security]'
+pwd
+coveralls --include 'src' --gcov-options '\-lp'

extras/ci/fuzz.sh

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 ROOT_DIR=$(dirname $0)/../../
 INCLUDE_DIR=${ROOT_DIR}/src/
-FUZZING_DIR=${ROOT_DIR}/fuzzing/
-CXXFLAGS="-g -fprofile-instr-generate -fcoverage-mapping -fsanitize=address,fuzzer"
+FUZZING_DIR=${ROOT_DIR}/extras/fuzzing/
+CXXFLAGS="-g -fprofile-instr-generate -fcoverage-mapping -fsanitize=address,undefined,fuzzer -fno-sanitize-recover=all"
 
 fuzz() {
 	NAME="$1"

extras/ci/platformio.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/bin/sh -eux
+
+pip install --user platformio
+
+case $BOARD in
+uno)
+  platformio lib install 868 # SD library
+  platformio lib install 872 # Ethernet library
+  ;;
+esp01)
+  platformio lib uninstall 161 || true
+  platformio lib uninstall 868 || true
+  platformio lib uninstall 872 || true
+  ;;
+esac
+
+for EXAMPLE in $PWD/examples/*/*.ino; 
+do
+	platformio ci $EXAMPLE -l '.' -b $BOARD
+done

extras/ci/test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#!/bin/sh -ex
+
+"$(dirname "$0")/build.sh"
+ctest --output-on-failure .

extras/fuzzing/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 # MIT License
 
 if(MSVC)

extras/fuzzing/Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # CAUTION: this file is invoked by https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
 
-CXXFLAGS += -I../src -DARDUINOJSON_DEBUG
+CXXFLAGS += -I../../src -DARDUINOJSON_DEBUG
 
 all: \
 	$(OUT)/json_fuzzer \
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ all: \
 	$(OUT)/msgpack_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip \
 	$(OUT)/msgpack_fuzzer.options
 
-$(OUT)/%_fuzzer: %_fuzzer.cpp $(shell find ../src -type f)
+$(OUT)/%_fuzzer: %_fuzzer.cpp $(shell find ../../src -type f)
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o$@ $(LIB_FUZZING_ENGINE)
 
 $(OUT)/%_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip: %_seed_corpus/*

extras/fuzzing/fuzzer_main.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 // This file is NOT use by Google's OSS fuzz

extras/fuzzing/json_fuzzer.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, data, size);
   if (!error) {
     std::string json;

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/IntegerOverflow.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+9720730739393920739

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_fuzzer.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(doc, data, size);
   if (!error) {
     std::string json;

extras/scripts/build-arduino-package.sh

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 TAG=$(git describe)
 OUTPUT="ArduinoJson-$TAG.zip"
 
-cd $(dirname $0)/../..
+cd $(dirname $0)/../../..
 
 # remove existing file
 rm -f $OUTPUT

extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+set -e
+
+TAG=$(git describe)
+RE_RELATIVE_INCLUDE='^#include[[:space:]]*"(.*)"'
+RE_ABSOLUTE_INCLUDE='^#include[[:space:]]*<(ArduinoJson/.*)>'
+RE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE='^#include[[:space:]]*<(.*)>'
+RE_EMPTY='^(#pragma[[:space:]]+once)?[[:space:]]*(//.*)?$'
+SRC_DIRECTORY="$(realpath "$(dirname $0)/../../src")"
+
+
+declare -A INCLUDED
+
+process()
+{
+	local PARENT=$1
+	local FOLDER=$(dirname $1)
+	local SHOW_COMMENT=$2
+	while IFS= read -r LINE; do
+		if [[ $LINE =~ $RE_ABSOLUTE_INCLUDE ]]; then
+			local CHILD=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
+			local CHILD_PATH
+			CHILD_PATH=$(realpath "$SRC_DIRECTORY/$CHILD")
+			echo "$PARENT -> $CHILD" >&2
+			if [[ ! ${INCLUDED[$CHILD_PATH]} ]]; then
+				INCLUDED[$CHILD_PATH]=true
+				process "$CHILD" false
+			fi
+		elif [[ $LINE =~ $RE_RELATIVE_INCLUDE ]]; then
+			local CHILD=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
+			pushd "$FOLDER" > /dev/null
+			local CHILD_PATH
+			CHILD_PATH=$(realpath "$CHILD")
+			echo "$PARENT -> $CHILD" >&2
+			if [[ ! ${INCLUDED[$CHILD_PATH]} ]]; then
+				INCLUDED[$CHILD_PATH]=true
+				process "$CHILD" false
+			fi
+			popd > /dev/null
+		elif [[ $LINE =~ $RE_SYSTEM_INCLUDE ]]; then
+			local CHILD=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
+			echo "$PARENT -> <$CHILD>" >&2
+			if [[ ! ${INCLUDED[$CHILD]} ]]; then
+				echo "#include <$CHILD>"
+				INCLUDED[$CHILD]=true
+			fi
+		elif [[ "${SHOW_COMMENT}" = "true" ]] ; then
+			echo "$LINE"
+		elif [[ ! $LINE =~ $RE_EMPTY ]]; then
+			echo "$LINE"
+		fi
+	done < $PARENT
+}
+
+simplify_namespaces() {
+	perl -p0i -e 's|\}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE\r?\nnamespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE \{\r?\n||igs' "$1"
+	rm -f "$1.bak"
+}
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/../..
+INCLUDED=()
+process src/ArduinoJson.h true > ../ArduinoJson-$TAG.h
+simplify_namespaces ../ArduinoJson-$TAG.h
+g++ -x c++ -c -o ../smoketest.o - <<END
+#include "../ArduinoJson-$TAG.h"
+int main() {
+	StaticJsonDocument<300> doc;
+	deserializeJson(doc, "{}");
+}
+END
+
+INCLUDED=()
+process src/ArduinoJson.hpp true > ../ArduinoJson-$TAG.hpp
+simplify_namespaces ../ArduinoJson-$TAG.hpp
+g++ -x c++ -c -o ../smoketest.o - <<END
+#include "../ArduinoJson-$TAG.hpp"
+int main() {
+	ArduinoJson::StaticJsonDocument<300> doc;
+	ArduinoJson::deserializeJson(doc, "{}");
+}
+END

extras/scripts/create-build-envs.sh

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 export PATH="$PATH:/Applications/CMake.app/Contents/bin/"
 
-cd $(dirname $0)/..
+cd $(dirname $0)/../..
 ROOT=$(pwd)
 
 mkdir "build"

extras/scripts/publish-particle-library.sh

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 set -eu
 
-SOURCE_DIR="$(dirname "$0")/.."
+SOURCE_DIR="$(dirname "$0")/../.."
 WORK_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
 trap 'rm -rf "$WORK_DIR"' EXIT
 

extras/scripts/publish.sh

@@ -2,24 +2,32 @@
 
 set -eu
 
-cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../.."
 
 VERSION="$1"
 DATE=$(date +%F)
 TAG="v$VERSION"
+VERSION_REGEX="[0-9a-z\\.\\-]+"
 
 update_version_in_source () {
 	IFS=".-" read MAJOR MINOR REVISION EXTRA < <(echo "$VERSION")
 	UNDERLINE=$(printf -- '-%.0s' $(seq 1 ${#TAG}))
 
+	sed -i~ -bE "s/version=$VERSION_REGEX/version=$VERSION/; s|ardu-badge.com/ArduinoJson/$VERSION_REGEX|ardu-badge.com/ArduinoJson/$VERSION|; " README.md
+	rm README.md*~
+
 	sed -i~ -bE "4s/HEAD/$TAG ($DATE)/; 5s/-+/$UNDERLINE/" CHANGELOG.md
 	rm CHANGELOG.md*~
+
 	sed -i~ -bE "s/\"version\":.*$/\"version\": \"$VERSION\",/" library.json
 	rm library.json*~
 
 	sed -i~ -bE "s/version=.*$/version=$VERSION/" library.properties
 	rm library.properties*~
 
+	sed -i~ -bE "s/version: .*$/version: $VERSION.{build}/" appveyor.yml
+	rm appveyor.yml*~
+
 	sed -i~ -bE \
 		-e "s/ARDUINOJSON_VERSION .*$/ARDUINOJSON_VERSION \"$VERSION\"/" \
 		-e "s/ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR .*$/ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR $MAJOR/" \
@@ -30,7 +38,7 @@ update_version_in_source () {
 }
 
 commit_new_version () {
-	git add src/ArduinoJson/version.hpp CHANGELOG.md library.json library.properties
+	git add src/ArduinoJson/version.hpp README.md CHANGELOG.md library.json library.properties appveyor.yml
 	git commit -m "Set version to $VERSION"
 }
 
@@ -48,6 +56,6 @@ commit_new_version
 add_tag
 push
 
-scripts/build-arduino-package.sh
-scripts/build-single-header.sh
-scripts/wandbox/publish.sh "../ArduinoJson-$TAG.h"
+extras/scripts/build-arduino-package.sh
+extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh
+extras/scripts/wandbox/publish.sh "../ArduinoJson-$TAG.h"

extras/scripts/wandbox/JsonGeneratorExample.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to generate a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 #include "ArduinoJson.h"
 
 int main() {
-  // The JSON document
+  // Allocate the JSON document
   //
   // Inside the brackets, 200 is the RAM allocated to this document.
   // Don't forget to change this value to match your requirement.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
+  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
   StaticJsonDocument<200> doc;
 
   // StaticJsonObject allocates memory on the stack, it can be
@@ -20,30 +20,35 @@ int main() {
   //
   // DynamicJsonDocument  doc(200);
 
-  // Make our document be an object
-  JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-
-  // Add values in the object
+  // StaticJsonObject allocates memory on the stack, it can be
+  // replaced by DynamicJsonDocument which allocates in the heap.
   //
-  // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
-  // In other case, you can do root.set<long>("time", 1351824120);
-  root["sensor"] = "gps";
-  root["time"] = 1351824120;
+  // DynamicJsonDocument  doc(200);
+
+  // Add values in the document
+  //
+  doc["sensor"] = "gps";
+  doc["time"] = 1351824120;
 
   // Add an array.
   //
-  JsonArray data = root.createNestedArray("data");
+  JsonArray data = doc.createNestedArray("data");
   data.add(48.756080);
   data.add(2.302038);
 
-  serializeJson(root, std::cout);
-  // This prints:
+  // Generate the minified JSON and send it to STDOUT
+  //
+  serializeJson(doc, std::cout);
+  // The above line prints:
   // {"sensor":"gps","time":1351824120,"data":[48.756080,2.302038]}
 
+  // Start a new line
   std::cout << std::endl;
 
-  serializeJsonPretty(root, std::cout);
-  // This prints:
+  // Generate the prettified JSON and send it to STDOUT
+  //
+  serializeJsonPretty(doc, std::cout);
+  // The above line prints:
   // {
   //   "sensor": "gps",
   //   "time": 1351824120,
@@ -52,6 +57,4 @@ int main() {
   //     2.302038
   //   ]
   // }
-
-  return 0;
 }

extras/scripts/wandbox/JsonParserExample.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to deserialize a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
@@ -8,23 +8,26 @@
 #include "ArduinoJson.h"
 
 int main() {
-  // Root JSON object
+  // Allocate the JSON document
   //
-  // Inside the brackets, 300 is the size of the memory pool in bytes.
+  // Inside the brackets, 200 is the capacity of the memory pool in bytes.
   // Don't forget to change this value to match your JSON document.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
+  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
   StaticJsonDocument<300> doc;
 
   // StaticJsonDocument<N> allocates memory on the stack, it can be
-  // replaced by DynamicJsonObject which allocates in the heap.
+  // replaced by DynamicJsonDocument which allocates in the heap.
   //
-  // DynamicJsonObject doc(200);
+  // DynamicJsonDocument doc(200);
 
   // JSON input string.
   //
-  // It's better to use a char[] as shown here.
-  // If you use a const char* or a String, ArduinoJson will
-  // have to make a copy of the input in the JsonBuffer.
+  // Using a char[], as shown here, enables the "zero-copy" mode. This mode uses
+  // the minimal amount of memory because the JsonDocument stores pointers to
+  // the input buffer.
+  // If you use another type of input, ArduinoJson must copy the strings from
+  // the input to the JsonDocument, so you need to increase the capacity of the
+  // JsonDocument.
   char json[] =
       "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
 
@@ -37,17 +40,14 @@ int main() {
     return 1;
   }
 
-  // Get the root object in the document
-  JsonObject root = doc.as<JsonObject>();
-
   // Fetch values.
   //
   // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
   // In other case, you can do doc["time"].as<long>();
-  const char* sensor = root["sensor"];
-  long time = root["time"];
-  double latitude = root["data"][0];
-  double longitude = root["data"][1];
+  const char* sensor = doc["sensor"];
+  long time = doc["time"];
+  double latitude = doc["data"][0];
+  double longitude = doc["data"][1];
 
   // Print values.
   std::cout << sensor << std::endl;

extras/scripts/wandbox/MsgPackParserExample.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to generate a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
@@ -49,17 +49,14 @@ int main() {
     return 1;
   }
 
-  // Get the root object in the document
-  JsonObject root = doc.as<JsonObject>();
-
   // Fetch values.
   //
   // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
   // In other case, you can do doc["time"].as<long>();
-  const char* sensor = root["sensor"];
-  long time = root["time"];
-  double latitude = root["data"][0];
-  double longitude = root["data"][1];
+  const char* sensor = doc["sensor"];
+  long time = doc["time"];
+  double latitude = doc["data"][0];
+  double longitude = doc["data"][1];
 
   // Print values.
   std::cout << sensor << std::endl;

extras/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 # ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 # MIT License
 
+add_subdirectory(catch)
+
 if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "(GNU|Clang)")
 	add_compile_options(
 		-pedantic
@@ -24,7 +26,6 @@ if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "(GNU|Clang)")
 		-Wshadow
 		-Wsign-promo
 		-Wstrict-aliasing
-		-Wstrict-overflow=5
 		-Wundef
 	)
 
@@ -71,6 +72,8 @@ if(MSVC)
 	)
 endif()
 
+include_directories(Helpers)
+add_subdirectory(ElementProxy)
 add_subdirectory(IntegrationTests)
 add_subdirectory(JsonArray)
 add_subdirectory(JsonDeserializer)
@@ -78,10 +81,11 @@ add_subdirectory(JsonDocument)
 add_subdirectory(JsonObject)
 add_subdirectory(JsonSerializer)
 add_subdirectory(JsonVariant)
-add_subdirectory(JsonWriter)
+add_subdirectory(MemberProxy)
 add_subdirectory(MemoryPool)
 add_subdirectory(Misc)
 add_subdirectory(MixedConfiguration)
 add_subdirectory(MsgPackDeserializer)
 add_subdirectory(MsgPackSerializer)
 add_subdirectory(Numbers)
+add_subdirectory(TextFormatter)

extras/tests/ElementProxy/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+# MIT License
+
+add_executable(ElementProxyTests
+	add.cpp
+	clear.cpp
+	compare.cpp
+	remove.cpp
+	set.cpp
+	size.cpp
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(ElementProxyTests catch)
+add_test(ElementProxy ElementProxyTests)

extras/tests/ElementProxy/add.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
+
+TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::add()") {
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+  doc.addElement();
+  ElementProxy<JsonDocument&> ep = doc[0];
+
+  SECTION("add(int)") {
+    ep.add(42);
+
+    REQUIRE(doc.as<std::string>() == "[[42]]");
+  }
+
+  SECTION("add(const char*)") {
+    ep.add("world");
+
+    REQUIRE(doc.as<std::string>() == "[[\"world\"]]");
+  }
+}

extras/tests/ElementProxy/clear.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
+
+TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::clear()") {
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+  doc.addElement();
+  ElementProxy<JsonDocument&> ep = doc[0];
+
+  SECTION("size goes back to zero") {
+    ep.add(42);
+    ep.clear();
+
+    REQUIRE(ep.size() == 0);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("isNull() return true") {
+    ep.add("hello");
+    ep.clear();
+
+    REQUIRE(ep.isNull() == true);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/ElementProxy/compare.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
+
+TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::operator==()") {
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+
+  SECTION("same value") {
+    doc.add(1);
+    doc.add(1);
+
+    REQUIRE(doc[0] == doc[1]);
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(doc[0] != doc[1]);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("different values") {
+    doc.add(1);
+    doc.add(2);
+
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(doc[0] == doc[1]);
+    REQUIRE(doc[0] != doc[1]);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/ElementProxy/remove.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
+
+TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::remove()") {
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+  doc.addElement();
+  ElementProxy<JsonDocument&> ep = doc[0];
+
+  SECTION("remove(int)") {
+    ep.add(1);
+    ep.add(2);
+    ep.add(3);
+
+    ep.remove(1);
+
+    REQUIRE(ep.as<std::string>() == "[1,3]");
+  }
+
+  SECTION("remove(const char *)") {
+    ep["a"] = 1;
+    ep["b"] = 2;
+
+    ep.remove("a");
+
+    REQUIRE(ep.as<std::string>() == "{\"b\":2}");
+  }
+
+  SECTION("remove(std::string)") {
+    ep["a"] = 1;
+    ep["b"] = 2;
+
+    ep.remove(std::string("b"));
+
+    REQUIRE(ep.as<std::string>() == "{\"a\":1}");
+  }
+
+#ifdef HAS_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY
+  SECTION("remove(vla)") {
+    ep["a"] = 1;
+    ep["b"] = 2;
+
+    int i = 4;
+    char vla[i];
+    strcpy(vla, "b");
+    ep.remove(vla);
+
+    REQUIRE(ep.as<std::string>() == "{\"a\":1}");
+  }
+#endif
+}

extras/tests/ElementProxy/set.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
+
+TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::set()") {
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+  doc.addElement();
+  ElementProxy<JsonDocument&> ep = doc[0];
+
+  SECTION("set(int)") {
+    ep.set(42);
+
+    REQUIRE(doc.as<std::string>() == "[42]");
+  }
+
+  SECTION("set(const char*)") {
+    ep.set("world");
+
+    REQUIRE(doc.as<std::string>() == "[\"world\"]");
+  }
+}

extras/tests/ElementProxy/size.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
+
+TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::size()") {
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+  doc.addElement();
+  ElementProxy<JsonDocument&> ep = doc[0];
+
+  SECTION("returns 0") {
+    REQUIRE(ep.size() == 0);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("as an array, returns 2") {
+    ep.add(1);
+    ep.add(2);
+    REQUIRE(ep.size() == 2);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("as an object, returns 2") {
+    ep["a"] = 1;
+    ep["b"] = 2;
+    REQUIRE(ep.size() == 2);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/Helpers/CustomReader.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+class CustomReader {
+  std::stringstream _stream;
+
+ public:
+  CustomReader(const char* input) : _stream(input) {}
+
+  int read() {
+    return _stream.get();
+  }
+
+  size_t readBytes(char* buffer, size_t length) {
+    _stream.read(buffer, static_cast<std::streamsize>(length));
+    return static_cast<size_t>(_stream.gcount());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  CustomReader(const CustomReader&);
+};

extras/tests/Helpers/Stream.h

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Reproduces Arduino's Stream class
+class Stream  // : public Print
+{
+ public:
+  virtual ~Stream() {}
+  virtual int read() = 0;
+  virtual size_t readBytes(char *buffer, size_t length) = 0;
+};

extras/tests/Helpers/WString.h

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+// Reproduces Arduino's String class
+class String {
+ public:
+  String& operator+=(const char* rhs) {
+    _str += rhs;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  size_t length() const {
+    return _str.size();
+  }
+
+  const char* c_str() const {
+    return _str.c_str();
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const char* s) const {
+    return _str == s;
+  }
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& lhs, const ::String& rhs) {
+    lhs << rhs._str;
+    return lhs;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::string _str;
+};
+
+class StringSumHelper;
+
+inline bool operator==(const std::string& lhs, const ::String& rhs) {
+  return lhs == rhs.c_str();
+}

extras/tests/IntegrationTests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 # MIT License
 
 add_executable(IntegrationTests

extras/tests/IntegrationTests/gbathree.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
 TEST_CASE("Gbathree") {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
 
   DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(
       doc,

extras/tests/IntegrationTests/issue772.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 // https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/issues/772
 
 TEST_CASE("Issue772") {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc1, doc2;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc1(4096);
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc2(4096);
   DeserializationError err;
   std::string data =
       "{\"state\":{\"reported\":{\"timestamp\":\"2018-07-02T09:40:12Z\","

extras/tests/IntegrationTests/round_trip.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
 void check(std::string originalJson) {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(16384);
 
   std::string prettyJson;
   deserializeJson(doc, originalJson);

extras/tests/JsonArray/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 # ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 # MIT License
 
 add_executable(JsonArrayTests 
 	add.cpp
-	copyFrom.cpp
-	copyTo.cpp
+	copyArray.cpp
 	createNested.cpp
 	equals.cpp
 	get.cpp
 	isNull.cpp
 	iterator.cpp
+	memoryUsage.cpp
+	nesting.cpp
 	remove.cpp
 	size.cpp
 	std_string.cpp

extras/tests/JsonArray/add.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
 TEST_CASE("JsonArray::add()") {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
 
   SECTION("int") {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonArray::add()") {
 #endif
 
   SECTION("nested array") {
-    DynamicJsonDocument doc2;
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc2(4096);
     JsonArray arr = doc2.to<JsonArray>();
 
     array.add(arr);
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonArray::add()") {
   }
 
   SECTION("nested object") {
-    DynamicJsonDocument doc2;
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc2(4096);
     JsonObject obj = doc2.to<JsonObject>();
 
     array.add(obj);
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonArray::add()") {
 
   SECTION("array subscript") {
     const char* str = "hello";
-    DynamicJsonDocument doc2;
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc2(4096);
     JsonArray arr = doc2.to<JsonArray>();
     arr.add(str);
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonArray::add()") {
 
   SECTION("object subscript") {
     const char* str = "hello";
-    DynamicJsonDocument doc2;
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc2(4096);
     JsonObject obj = doc2.to<JsonObject>();
     obj["x"] = str;
 

extras/tests/JsonArray/copyArray.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("copyArray()") {
+  SECTION("1D -> JsonArray") {
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    char json[32];
+    int source[] = {1, 2, 3};
+
+    bool ok = copyArray(source, array);
+    REQUIRE(ok);
+
+    serializeJson(array, json, sizeof(json));
+    REQUIRE(std::string("[1,2,3]") == json);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("1D -> JsonArray, but not enough memory") {
+    const size_t SIZE = JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(2);
+    StaticJsonDocument<SIZE> doc;
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    char json[32];
+    int source[] = {1, 2, 3};
+
+    bool ok = copyArray(source, array);
+    REQUIRE_FALSE(ok);
+
+    serializeJson(array, json, sizeof(json));
+    REQUIRE(std::string("[1,2]") == json);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("2D -> JsonArray") {
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    char json[32];
+    int source[][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
+
+    bool ok = copyArray(source, array);
+    REQUIRE(ok);
+
+    serializeJson(array, json, sizeof(json));
+    REQUIRE(std::string("[[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]") == json);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("2D -> JsonArray, but not enough memory") {
+    const size_t SIZE =
+        JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(2) + JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(3) + JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(2);
+    StaticJsonDocument<SIZE> doc;
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    char json[32] = "";
+    int source[][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
+
+    CAPTURE(SIZE)
+
+    bool ok = copyArray(source, array);
+    CAPTURE(doc.memoryUsage());
+    CHECK_FALSE(ok);
+
+    serializeJson(array, json, sizeof(json));
+    REQUIRE(std::string("[[1,2,3],[4,5]]") == json);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("JsonArray -> 1D, with more space than needed") {
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+    char json[] = "[1,2,3]";
+    DeserializationError err = deserializeJson(doc, json);
+    REQUIRE(err == DeserializationError::Ok);
+    JsonArray array = doc.as<JsonArray>();
+
+    int destination[4] = {0};
+    size_t result = copyArray(array, destination);
+
+    REQUIRE(3 == result);
+    REQUIRE(1 == destination[0]);
+    REQUIRE(2 == destination[1]);
+    REQUIRE(3 == destination[2]);
+    REQUIRE(0 == destination[3]);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("JsonArray -> 1D, without enough space") {
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+    char json[] = "[1,2,3]";
+    DeserializationError err = deserializeJson(doc, json);
+    REQUIRE(err == DeserializationError::Ok);
+    JsonArray array = doc.as<JsonArray>();
+
+    int destination[2] = {0};
+    size_t result = copyArray(array, destination);
+
+    REQUIRE(2 == result);
+    REQUIRE(1 == destination[0]);
+    REQUIRE(2 == destination[1]);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("JsonArray -> 2D") {
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+    char json[] = "[[1,2],[3],[4]]";
+
+    DeserializationError err = deserializeJson(doc, json);
+    REQUIRE(err == DeserializationError::Ok);
+    JsonArray array = doc.as<JsonArray>();
+
+    int destination[3][2] = {{0}};
+    copyArray(array, destination);
+
+    REQUIRE(1 == destination[0][0]);
+    REQUIRE(2 == destination[0][1]);
+    REQUIRE(3 == destination[1][0]);
+    REQUIRE(0 == destination[1][1]);
+    REQUIRE(4 == destination[2][0]);
+    REQUIRE(0 == destination[2][1]);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/JsonArray/createNested.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
 TEST_CASE("JsonArray basics") {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
 
   SECTION("CreateNestedArray") {

extras/tests/JsonArray/equals.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
 TEST_CASE("JsonArray::operator==()") {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc1;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc1(4096);
   JsonArray array1 = doc1.to<JsonArray>();
   JsonArrayConst array1c = array1;
 
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc2;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc2(4096);
   JsonArray array2 = doc2.to<JsonArray>();
   JsonArrayConst array2c = array2;
 

extras/tests/JsonArray/get.cpp

@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
 TEST_CASE("JsonArray::get()") {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc;
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   deserializeJson(doc, "[1,2,3]");
   JsonArray array = doc.as<JsonArray>();
 
   SECTION("Overflow") {
-    REQUIRE(array.get(3).isNull());
+    REQUIRE(array.getElement(3).isNull());
   }
 }

extras/tests/JsonArray/isNull.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("JsonArray::isNull()") {
+  SECTION("returns true") {
+    JsonArray arr;
+    REQUIRE(arr.isNull() == true);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("returns false") {
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+    JsonArray arr = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    REQUIRE(arr.isNull() == false);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("JsonArrayConst::isNull()") {
+  SECTION("returns true") {
+    JsonArrayConst arr;
+    REQUIRE(arr.isNull() == true);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("returns false") {
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+    JsonArrayConst arr = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    REQUIRE(arr.isNull() == false);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("JsonArray::operator bool()") {
+  SECTION("returns false") {
+    JsonArray arr;
+    REQUIRE(static_cast<bool>(arr) == false);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("returns true") {
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+    JsonArray arr = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    REQUIRE(static_cast<bool>(arr) == true);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("JsonArrayConst::operator bool()") {
+  SECTION("returns false") {
+    JsonArrayConst arr;
+    REQUIRE(static_cast<bool>(arr) == false);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("returns true") {
+    DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+    JsonArrayConst arr = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    REQUIRE(static_cast<bool>(arr) == true);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/JsonArray/iterator.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 // ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
 // MIT License
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>

extras/tests/JsonArray/memoryUsage.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
+// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2020
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("JsonArray::memoryUsage()") {
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+  JsonArray arr = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+
+  SECTION("return 0 if uninitialized") {
+    JsonArray unitialized;
+    REQUIRE(unitialized.memoryUsage() == 0);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(0) if empty") {
+    REQUIRE(arr.memoryUsage() == JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(0));
+  }
+
+  SECTION("JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(1) after add") {
+    arr.add("hello");
+    REQUIRE(arr.memoryUsage() == JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(1));
+  }
+
+  SECTION("includes the size of the string") {
+    arr.add(std::string("hello"));
+    REQUIRE(arr.memoryUsage() == JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(1) + 6);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("includes the size of the nested array") {
+    JsonArray nested = arr.createNestedArray();
+    nested.add(42);
+    REQUIRE(arr.memoryUsage() == 2 * JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(1));
+  }
+
+  SECTION("includes the size of the nested arrect") {
+    JsonObject nested = arr.createNestedObject();
+    nested["hello"] = "world";
+    REQUIRE(arr.memoryUsage() == JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1) + JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(1));
+  }
+}