//
// Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Vinnie Falco (vinnie dot falco at gmail dot com)
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
// Official repository: https://github.com/boostorg/beast
//

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Example: HTTP SSL server, coroutine
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "example/common/server_certificate.hpp"

#include <boost/beast/core.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/http.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/version.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/detached.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>

namespace beast = boost::beast;         // from <boost/beast.hpp>
namespace http = beast::http;           // from <boost/beast/http.hpp>
namespace net = boost::asio;            // from <boost/asio.hpp>
namespace ssl = boost::asio::ssl;       // from <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
using tcp = boost::asio::ip::tcp;       // from <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>

// Return a reasonable mime type based on the extension of a file.
beast::string_view
mime_type(beast::string_view path)
{
    using beast::iequals;
    auto const ext = [&path]
    {
        auto const pos = path.rfind(".");
        if(pos == beast::string_view::npos)
            return beast::string_view{};
        return path.substr(pos);
    }();
    if(iequals(ext, ".htm"))  return "text/html";
    if(iequals(ext, ".html")) return "text/html";
    if(iequals(ext, ".php"))  return "text/html";
    if(iequals(ext, ".css"))  return "text/css";
    if(iequals(ext, ".txt"))  return "text/plain";
    if(iequals(ext, ".js"))   return "application/javascript";
    if(iequals(ext, ".json")) return "application/json";
    if(iequals(ext, ".xml"))  return "application/xml";
    if(iequals(ext, ".swf"))  return "application/x-shockwave-flash";
    if(iequals(ext, ".flv"))  return "video/x-flv";
    if(iequals(ext, ".png"))  return "image/png";
    if(iequals(ext, ".jpe"))  return "image/jpeg";
    if(iequals(ext, ".jpeg")) return "image/jpeg";
    if(iequals(ext, ".jpg"))  return "image/jpeg";
    if(iequals(ext, ".gif"))  return "image/gif";
    if(iequals(ext, ".bmp"))  return "image/bmp";
    if(iequals(ext, ".ico"))  return "image/vnd.microsoft.icon";
    if(iequals(ext, ".tiff")) return "image/tiff";
    if(iequals(ext, ".tif"))  return "image/tiff";
    if(iequals(ext, ".svg"))  return "image/svg+xml";
    if(iequals(ext, ".svgz")) return "image/svg+xml";
    return "application/text";
}

// Append an HTTP rel-path to a local filesystem path.
// The returned path is normalized for the platform.
std::string
path_cat(
    beast::string_view base,
    beast::string_view path)
{
    if(base.empty())
        return std::string(path);
    std::string result(base);
#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
    char constexpr path_separator = '\\';
    if(result.back() == path_separator)
        result.resize(result.size() - 1);
    result.append(path.data(), path.size());
    for(auto& c : result)
        if(c == '/')
            c = path_separator;
#else
    char constexpr path_separator = '/';
    if(result.back() == path_separator)
        result.resize(result.size() - 1);
    result.append(path.data(), path.size());
#endif
    return result;
}

// Return a response for the given request.
//
// The concrete type of the response message (which depends on the
// request), is type-erased in message_generator.
template <class Body, class Allocator>
http::message_generator
handle_request(
    beast::string_view doc_root,
    http::request<Body, http::basic_fields<Allocator>>&& req)
{
    // Returns a bad request response
    auto const bad_request =
    [&req](beast::string_view why)
    {
        http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::bad_request, req.version()};
        res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
        res.set(http::field::content_type, "text/html");
        res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
        res.body() = std::string(why);
        res.prepare_payload();
        return res;
    };

    // Returns a not found response
    auto const not_found =
    [&req](beast::string_view target)
    {
        http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::not_found, req.version()};
        res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
        res.set(http::field::content_type, "text/html");
        res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
        res.body() = "The resource '" + std::string(target) + "' was not found.";
        res.prepare_payload();
        return res;
    };

    // Returns a server error response
    auto const server_error =
    [&req](beast::string_view what)
    {
        http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::internal_server_error, req.version()};
        res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
        res.set(http::field::content_type, "text/html");
        res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
        res.body() = "An error occurred: '" + std::string(what) + "'";
        res.prepare_payload();
        return res;
    };

    // Make sure we can handle the method
    if( req.method() != http::verb::get &&
        req.method() != http::verb::head)
        return bad_request("Unknown HTTP-method");

    // Request path must be absolute and not contain "..".
    if( req.target().empty() ||
        req.target()[0] != '/' ||
        req.target().find("..") != beast::string_view::npos)
        return bad_request("Illegal request-target");

    // Build the path to the requested file
    std::string path = path_cat(doc_root, req.target());
    if(req.target().back() == '/')
        path.append("index.html");

    // Attempt to open the file
    beast::error_code ec;
    http::file_body::value_type body;
    body.open(path.c_str(), beast::file_mode::scan, ec);

    // Handle the case where the file doesn't exist
    if(ec == beast::errc::no_such_file_or_directory)
        return not_found(req.target());

    // Handle an unknown error
    if(ec)
        return server_error(ec.message());

    // Cache the size since we need it after the move
    auto const size = body.size();

    // Respond to HEAD request
    if(req.method() == http::verb::head)
    {
        http::response<http::empty_body> res{http::status::ok, req.version()};
        res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
        res.set(http::field::content_type, mime_type(path));
        res.content_length(size);
        res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
        return res;
    }

    // Respond to GET request
    http::response<http::file_body> res{
        std::piecewise_construct,
        std::make_tuple(std::move(body)),
        std::make_tuple(http::status::ok, req.version())};
    res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
    res.set(http::field::content_type, mime_type(path));
    res.content_length(size);
    res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
    return res;
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Report a failure
void
fail(beast::error_code ec, char const* what)
{
    // ssl::error::stream_truncated, also known as an SSL "short read",
    // indicates the peer closed the connection without performing the
    // required closing handshake (for example, Google does this to
    // improve performance). Generally this can be a security issue,
    // but if your communication protocol is self-terminated (as
    // it is with both HTTP and WebSocket) then you may simply
    // ignore the lack of close_notify.
    //
    // https://github.com/boostorg/beast/issues/38
    //
    // https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/91435/how-to-handle-a-malicious-ssl-tls-shutdown
    //
    // When a short read would cut off the end of an HTTP message,
    // Beast returns the error beast::http::error::partial_message.
    // Therefore, if we see a short read here, it has occurred
    // after the message has been completed, so it is safe to ignore it.

    if(ec == net::ssl::error::stream_truncated)
        return;

    std::cerr << what << ": " << ec.message() << "\n";
}

// Handles an HTTP server connection
void
do_session(
    ssl::stream<beast::tcp_stream>& stream,
    std::shared_ptr<std::string const> const& doc_root,
    net::yield_context yield)
{
    bool keep_alive = true;
    beast::error_code ec;

    // Set the timeout.
    beast::get_lowest_layer(stream).expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));

    // Perform the SSL handshake
    stream.async_handshake(ssl::stream_base::server, yield[ec]);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "handshake");

    // This buffer is required to persist across reads
    beast::flat_buffer buffer;

    for(;;)
    {
        // Set the timeout.
        beast::get_lowest_layer(stream).expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));

        // Read a request
        http::request<http::string_body> req;
        http::async_read(stream, buffer, req, yield[ec]);
        if(ec == http::error::end_of_stream)
            break;
        if(ec)
            return fail(ec, "read");

        // Handle the request
        http::message_generator res =
            handle_request(*doc_root, std::move(req));

        // Determine if we should close the connection
        keep_alive = res.keep_alive();

        // Send the response
        beast::async_write(stream, std::move(res), yield[ec]);

        if(ec)
            return fail(ec, "write");
        if(! keep_alive)
        {
            // This means we should close the connection, usually because
            // the response indicated the "Connection: close" semantic.
            break;
        }
    }

    // Set the timeout.
    beast::get_lowest_layer(stream).expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));

    // Perform the SSL shutdown
    stream.async_shutdown(yield[ec]);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "shutdown");

    // At this point the connection is closed gracefully
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Accepts incoming connections and launches the sessions
void
do_listen(
    net::io_context& ioc,
    ssl::context& ctx,
    tcp::endpoint endpoint,
    std::shared_ptr<std::string const> const& doc_root,
    net::yield_context yield)
{
    beast::error_code ec;

    // Open the acceptor
    tcp::acceptor acceptor(ioc);
    acceptor.open(endpoint.protocol(), ec);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "open");

    // Allow address reuse
    acceptor.set_option(net::socket_base::reuse_address(true), ec);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "set_option");

    // Bind to the server address
    acceptor.bind(endpoint, ec);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "bind");

    // Start listening for connections
    acceptor.listen(net::socket_base::max_listen_connections, ec);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "listen");

    for(;;)
    {
        tcp::socket socket(ioc);
        acceptor.async_accept(socket, yield[ec]);
        if(ec)
            fail(ec, "accept");
        else
            boost::asio::spawn(
                acceptor.get_executor(),
                std::bind(
                    &do_session,
                    ssl::stream<beast::tcp_stream>(
                        std::move(socket), ctx),
                    doc_root,
                    std::placeholders::_1),
                    // we ignore the result of the session,
                    // most errors are handled with error_code
                    boost::asio::detached);
    }
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    // Check command line arguments.
    if (argc != 5)
    {
        std::cerr <<
            "Usage: http-server-coro-ssl <address> <port> <doc_root> <threads>\n" <<
            "Example:\n" <<
            "    http-server-coro-ssl 0.0.0.0 8080 . 1\n";
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    auto const address = net::ip::make_address(argv[1]);
    auto const port = static_cast<unsigned short>(std::atoi(argv[2]));
    auto const doc_root = std::make_shared<std::string>(argv[3]);
    auto const threads = std::max<int>(1, std::atoi(argv[4]));

    // The io_context is required for all I/O
    net::io_context ioc{threads};

    // The SSL context is required, and holds certificates
    ssl::context ctx{ssl::context::tlsv12};

    // This holds the self-signed certificate used by the server
    load_server_certificate(ctx);

    // Spawn a listening port
    boost::asio::spawn(ioc,
        std::bind(
            &do_listen,
            std::ref(ioc),
            std::ref(ctx),
            tcp::endpoint{address, port},
            doc_root,
            std::placeholders::_1),
        // on completion, spawn will call this function
        [](std::exception_ptr ex)
        {
            // if an exception occurred in the coroutine,
            // it's something critical, e.g. out of memory
            // we capture normal errors in the ec
            // so we just rethrow the exception here,
            // which will cause `ioc.run()` to throw
            if (ex)
                std::rethrow_exception(ex);
        });

    // Run the I/O service on the requested number of threads
    std::vector<std::thread> v;
    v.reserve(threads - 1);
    for(auto i = threads - 1; i > 0; --i)
        v.emplace_back(
        [&ioc]
        {
            ioc.run();
        });
    ioc.run();

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
