//
// Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Vinnie Falco (vinnie dot falco at gmail dot com)
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
// Official repository: https://github.com/boostorg/beast
//

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Example: HTTP SSL client, asynchronous, using system_executor
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include "example/common/root_certificates.hpp"

#include <boost/beast/core.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/http.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/version.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/strand.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/system_executor.hpp>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>

namespace beast = boost::beast;         // from <boost/beast.hpp>
namespace http = beast::http;           // from <boost/beast/http.hpp>
namespace net = boost::asio;            // from <boost/asio.hpp>
namespace ssl = boost::asio::ssl;       // from <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
using tcp = boost::asio::ip::tcp;       // from <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Report a failure
void
fail(beast::error_code ec, char const* what)
{
    std::cerr << what << ": " << ec.message() << "\n";
}

// Performs an HTTP GET and prints the response
class session : public std::enable_shared_from_this<session>
{
    tcp::resolver resolver_;
    ssl::stream<beast::tcp_stream> stream_;
    beast::flat_buffer buffer_; // (Must persist between reads)
    http::request<http::empty_body> req_;
    http::response<http::string_body> res_;

    // Objects are constructed with a strand to
    // ensure that handlers do not execute concurrently.
    session(net::strand<net::system_executor> strand, ssl::context& ctx)
        : resolver_(strand)
        , stream_(strand, ctx)
    {
    }

public:
    // Delegate construction to a prive constructor to be able to use
    // the same strand for both I/O object.
    explicit
    session(ssl::context& ctx)
        : session(net::make_strand(net::system_executor()), ctx)
    {
    }

    // Start the asynchronous operation
    void
    run(
        char const* host,
        char const* port,
        char const* target,
        int version)
    {
        // Set SNI Hostname (many hosts need this to handshake successfully)
        if(! SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(stream_.native_handle(), host))
        {
            beast::error_code ec{
                static_cast<int>(::ERR_get_error()),
                net::error::get_ssl_category()};
            std::cerr << ec.message() << "\n";
            return;
        }

        // Set the expected hostname in the peer certificate for verification
        stream_.set_verify_callback(ssl::host_name_verification(host));

        // Set up an HTTP GET request message
        req_.version(version);
        req_.method(http::verb::get);
        req_.target(target);
        req_.set(http::field::host, host);
        req_.set(http::field::user_agent, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);

        // Look up the domain name
        resolver_.async_resolve(
            host,
            port,
            beast::bind_front_handler(
                &session::on_resolve,
                shared_from_this()));
    }

    void
    on_resolve(
        beast::error_code ec,
        tcp::resolver::results_type results)
    {
        if(ec)
            return fail(ec, "resolve");

        // Set a timeout on the operation
        beast::get_lowest_layer(stream_).expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));

        // Make the connection on the IP address we get from a lookup
        beast::get_lowest_layer(stream_).async_connect(
            results,
            beast::bind_front_handler(
                &session::on_connect,
                shared_from_this()));
    }

    void
    on_connect(beast::error_code ec, tcp::resolver::results_type::endpoint_type)
    {
        if(ec)
            return fail(ec, "connect");

        // Perform the SSL handshake
        stream_.async_handshake(
            ssl::stream_base::client,
            beast::bind_front_handler(
                &session::on_handshake,
                shared_from_this()));
    }

    void
    on_handshake(beast::error_code ec)
    {
        if(ec)
            return fail(ec, "handshake");

        // Set a timeout on the operation
        beast::get_lowest_layer(stream_).expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));

        // Send the HTTP request to the remote host
        http::async_write(stream_, req_,
            beast::bind_front_handler(
                &session::on_write,
                shared_from_this()));
    }

    void
    on_write(
        beast::error_code ec,
        std::size_t bytes_transferred)
    {
        boost::ignore_unused(bytes_transferred);

        if(ec)
            return fail(ec, "write");

        // Receive the HTTP response
        http::async_read(stream_, buffer_, res_,
            beast::bind_front_handler(
                &session::on_read,
                shared_from_this()));
    }

    void
    on_read(
        beast::error_code ec,
        std::size_t bytes_transferred)
    {
        boost::ignore_unused(bytes_transferred);

        if(ec)
            return fail(ec, "read");

        // Write the message to standard out
        std::cout << res_ << std::endl;

        // Set a timeout on the operation
        beast::get_lowest_layer(stream_).expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));

        // Gracefully close the stream
        stream_.async_shutdown(
            beast::bind_front_handler(
                &session::on_shutdown,
                shared_from_this()));
    }

    void
    on_shutdown(beast::error_code ec)
    {
        // ssl::error::stream_truncated, also known as an SSL "short read",
        // indicates the peer closed the connection without performing the
        // required closing handshake (for example, Google does this to
        // improve performance). Generally this can be a security issue,
        // but if your communication protocol is self-terminated (as
        // it is with both HTTP and WebSocket) then you may simply
        // ignore the lack of close_notify.
        //
        // https://github.com/boostorg/beast/issues/38
        //
        // https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/91435/how-to-handle-a-malicious-ssl-tls-shutdown
        //
        // When a short read would cut off the end of an HTTP message,
        // Beast returns the error beast::http::error::partial_message.
        // Therefore, if we see a short read here, it has occurred
        // after the message has been completed, so it is safe to ignore it.

        if(ec != net::ssl::error::stream_truncated)
            return fail(ec, "shutdown");
    }
};

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    // Check command line arguments.
    if(argc != 4 && argc != 5)
    {
        std::cerr <<
            "Usage: http-client-async-ssl-system-executor <host> <port> <target> [<HTTP version: 1.0 or 1.1(default)>]\n" <<
            "Example:\n" <<
            "    http-client-async-ssl-system-executor www.example.com 443 /\n" <<
            "    http-client-async-ssl-system-executor www.example.com 443 / 1.0\n";
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    auto const host = argv[1];
    auto const port = argv[2];
    auto const target = argv[3];
    int version = argc == 5 && !std::strcmp("1.0", argv[4]) ? 10 : 11;

    // The SSL context is required, and holds certificates
    ssl::context ctx{ssl::context::tlsv12_client};

    // This holds the root certificate used for verification
    load_root_certificates(ctx);

    // Verify the remote server's certificate
    ctx.set_verify_mode(ssl::verify_peer);

    // Launch the asynchronous operation
    std::make_shared<session>(ctx)->run(host, port, target, version);


    // The async operations will run on the system_executor.
    // Because the main thread has nothing to do in this example, we just wait
    // for the system_executor to run out of work.
    net::query(net::system_executor(), net::execution::context).join();

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
