A string value that contains varying amount of implementation-specific diagnostic information about the passed object:
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Otherwise, if E can be statically converted std::exception:
if e can be dynamically converted to boost::exception, the returned value is the same as if E could be statically converted to boost::exception;
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if e can be dynamically converted to boost::exception, the returned value is the same as if E could be statically converted to boost::exception;
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diff --git a/doc/source/boost-exception.reno b/doc/source/boost-exception.reno
index 4e2de7e..9076714 100644
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#include <(:link
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#include <boost/current_function.hpp>
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2
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typename ErrorInfo::(:link error_info::value_type mod="m":) const * (:link get_error_info:)( E const & x );
template <class ErrorInfo,class E>
typename ErrorInfo::(:link error_info::value_type mod="m":) * (:link get_error_info:)( E & x );@]
+ [@#ifdef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
void (:link
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template <class ErrorInfo,class E>
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class (:link
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E const & (:link 10
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2
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+ mod="/":)( E const & x, (:link
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@@ -7287,25 +7287,25 @@
52
- (:auto !!!:)
Exception types should use virtual inheritance when deriving from other exception types. This insight is due to Andrew Koenig. Using virtual inheritance prevents ambiguity problems in the exception handler:
[@#include <iostream>
struct my_exc1 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct my_exc2 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct your_exc3 : my_exc1, my_exc2 {};
int
main()
{
try { throw your_exc3(); }
catch(std::exception const& e) {}
catch(...) { std::cout << "whoops!" << std::endl; }
}@]
The program above outputs "whoops!" because the conversion to std::exception is ambiguous.
The overhead introduced by virtual inheritance is always negligible in the context of exception handling. Note that virtual bases are initialized directly by the constructor of the most-derived-type (the type passed to the throw statement, in case of exceptions.) However, typically this detail is of no concern when boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
E must be boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -622
- :) is used, because it enables exception types to be trivial structs with no members (there's nothing to initialize.) See (:link
+ :), or a type that derives (indirectly) from boost::(:link 10
- -6
+ -622
- mod="w":).
+ :).
!!!!Effects:
Equivalent to x << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<0>() << ... << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<N>().
!!!!Returns:
x.
(:include throws:)
@@ -7318,34 +7318,34 @@
72
- (:auto !!!:)
Deriving from boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include decl:)
!!!!Effects:
* Default constructor: initializes an empty boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -622
- :) effectively decouples the semantics of a failure from the information that is relevant to each individual instance of reporting a failure with a given semantic.
In other words: with boost::(:link
+ :) object.
* Copy constructor: initializes a boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -622
- :), what data a given exception object transports depends primarily on the context in which failures are reported (not on its type.) Since exception types need no members, it becomes very natural to throw exceptions that derive from more than one type to indicate multiple appropriate semantics:
[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link
+ :) object which shares ownership with x of all data added through (:link 10
- -17
+ -802
- :) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_error: virtual io_error { };
struct read_error: virtual io_error { };
struct file_read_error: virtual file_error, virtual read_error { };@]
Using this approach, exception types become a simple tagging system for categorizing errors and selecting failures in exception handlers.
+ mod="/":), including data that is added at a future time.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
@@ -7356,360 +7356,9 @@
- 79
+ 12
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Why doesn't boost::exception derive from std::exception?
Despite that (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -5
-
-
- 2
- |virtual inheritance should be used in deriving from base exception types:), many programmers fail to follow this principle when deriving from std::exception. If boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) derives from std::exception, using the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -74
-
-
- 2
- :) function with such user-defined types would introduce dangerous ambiguity which would break all catch(std::exception &) statements.
Of course, boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) should not be used to replace std::exception as a base type in exception type hierarchies. Instead, it should be included as a virtual base, in addition to std::exception (which should also be derived virtually.)
!!!Why is boost::exception abstract?
To prevent exception-neutral contexts from erroneously erasing the type of the original exception when adding (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) to an active exception object:
[@catch( boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) & e )
{
e (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- |<<:) foo_info(foo);
throw e; //Compile error: boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) is abstract
}@]
The correct code is:
[@catch( boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) & e )
{
e (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- |<<:) foo_info(foo);
throw; //Okay, re-throwing the original exception object.
}@]
!!!What is the space overhead of the boost::exception base class?
The space overhead for the boost::exception data members is negligible in the context of exception handling. Throwing objects that derive from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) does not by itself cause dynamic memory allocations.
Deriving from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) enables any data to be added to exceptions, which usually does allocate memory. However, this memory is reclaimed when the exception has been handled, and since typically user code does not allocate memory during the unrolling of the stack, adding error info to exceptions should not cause memory fragmentation.
!!!Should I use boost::throw_exception or BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION or just throw?
The benefit of calling boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) instead of using throw directly is that it ensures that the emitted exception derives from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) and that it is compatible with boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :).
The (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -61
-
-
- 2
- :) macro also results in a call to boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :), but in addition it records in the exception object the __FILE__ and __LINE__ of the throw, as well as the pretty name of the function that throws. This has virtually no overhead, yet enables boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -66
-
-
- 2
- :) to compose a more useful, if not user-friendly message.
Typical use of boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -66
-
-
- 2
- :) is:
[@catch( boost::exception & e )
{
std::cerr << "OMG!" << boost::diagnostic_information(e);
}
catch( ... )
{
std::cerr << "OMG!!!";
}@]
This is a possible message it may display, the first line is only possible if (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -61
-
-
- 2
- :) is used:
[@example_io.cpp(70): Throw in function class boost::shared_ptr<struct _iobuf> __cdecl my_fopen(const char *,const char *)
Dynamic exception type: class boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<class fopen_error>
std::exception::what: example_io error
[struct boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -36
-
-
- 2
- :)_ *] = fopen
[struct boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -58
-
-
- 2
- :)_ *] = 2, "No such file or directory"
[struct boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -10
-
-
- 2
- :)_ *] = tmp1.txt
[struct boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -52
-
-
- 2
- :)_ *] = rb@]
!!!Why is boost::exception integrated in boost::throw_exception?
The boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) function predates the Boost Exception library and there has been some concern about its current behavior of injecting boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) as a base of any exception passed to boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :). Such concerns are dictated by the typical strict interpretation of a common principle in C and C++, that users only pay for features they actually use.
The problem is that users of Boost Exception can't by themselves cause a library to throw types that derive from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :), and without this they can't use any of the Boost Exception facilities.
For example, if a user wants to use Boost Serialization in a separate thread, it is desirable to be able to transport exceptions emitted by that library into the main thread where they can be analyzed to generate a user-friendly message. This can be easily achieved using boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :), but this requires that Boost Serialization throws exceptions using boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
- 2
- :). If Boost Serialization calls boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) to throw, this behavior happens automatically and transparently.
The cost of this integration is:
* In terms of space: a pointer and 3 ints are added to the static size of exception objects.
* In terms of speed: the pointer is initialized to null at the point of the throw.
* In terms of coupling: about 400 self-contained lines of C++ with no external includes.
!!!Why use operator<< overload for adding info to exceptions?
Before throwing an object of type that derives from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :), it is often desirable to add one or more (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) objects in it. The syntactic sugar provided by (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- :) allows this to be done directly in a throw expression:
[@throw error() (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- |<<:) foo_info(foo) (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- |<<:) bar_info(bar);@]
which saves typing compared to this possible alternative:
[@error e;
e.add(foo_info(foo));
e.add(bar_info(bar));
throw e;@]
and looks better than something like:
[@throw error().add(foo_info(foo)).add(bar_info(bar));@]
!!!Why is operator<< allowed to throw?
This question is referring to the following issue. Consider this throw statement example:
[@throw file_open_error() (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- |<<:) file_name(fn);@]
The intention here is to throw a file_open_error, however if (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- mod="/":) fails to copy the std::string contained in the file_name (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) wrapper, a std::bad_alloc could propagate instead. This behavior seems undesirable to some programmers.
Bjarne Stroustrup, The C++ Programming Language, 3rd Edition, page 371:
->''"Throwing an exception requires an object to throw. A C++ implementation is required to have enough spare memory to be able to throw bad_alloc in case of memory exhaustion. However, it is possible that throwing some other exception will cause memory exhaustion."''
So, an attempt to throw any exception may already result in propagating std::bad_alloc instead.
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
@@ -7720,108 +7369,247 @@
- 33
+ 372
- (:auto !!!:)
Traditionally, when using exceptions to report failures, the throw site:
*creates an exception object of the appropriate type, and
*stuffs it with data relevant to the detected error.
A higher context in the program contains a catch statement which:
*selects failures based on exception types, and
*inspects exception objects for data required to deal with the problem.
The main issue with this "traditional" approach is that often, the data available at the point of the throw is insufficient for the catch site to handle the failure.
Here is an example of a catch statement:
[@catch( file_read_error & e )
{
std::cerr << e.file_name();
}@]
And here is a possible matching throw:
[@void
read_file( FILE * f )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error(???);
....
}@]
Clearly, the problem is that the handler requires a file name but the read_file function does not have a file name to put in the exception object; all it has is a FILE pointer!
In an attempt to deal with this problem, we could modify read_file to accept a file name:
[@void
read_file( FILE * f, char const * name )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error(name);
....
}@]
This is not a real solution: it simply shifts the burden of supplying a file name to the immediate caller of the read_file function.
->''In general, the data required to handle a given library-emitted exception depends on the program that links to it. Many contexts between the throw and the catch may have relevant information which must be transported to the exception handler.''
!!!Exception wrapping
The idea of exception wrapping is to catch an exception from a lower level function (such as the read_file function above), and throw a new exception object that contains the original exception (and also carries a file name.) This method seems to be particularly popular with C++ programmers with Java background.
Exception wrapping leads to the following problems:
*To wrap an exception object it must be copied, which may result in slicing.
*Wrapping is practically impossible to use in generic contexts.
The second point is actually special case of violating the exception neutrality principle. Most contexts in a program can not handle exceptions; such contexts should not interfere with the process of exception handling.
!!!The boost::exception solution
*Simply derive your exception types from boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
When you catch an exception, you can call (:link 10
- -17
+ -712
- :).
*Confidently limit the throw site to provide only data that is available naturally.
*Use exception-neutral contexts between the throw and the catch to augment exceptions with more relevant data as they bubble up.
For example, in the throw statement below we only add the errno code, since this is the only failure-relevant information available in this context:
[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link
+ :) to get an (:link 10
- -17
+ -792
- :) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_read_error: virtual io_error { };
typedef boost::(:link
+ :) object:
[@#include <(:link 10
- -80
+ -602
- :)<struct tag_errno_code,int> errno_code;
void
read_file( FILE * f )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error() (:link
+ :)>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
void do_work(); //throws cloning-enabled boost::(:link 10
- -42
+ -622
- |<<:) errno_code(errno);
....
}@]
In a higher exception-neutral context, we add the file name to ''any'' exception that derives from boost::(:link
+ :)s
void
worker_thread( boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -792
- :):
[@typedef boost::(:link
+ :) & error )
{
try
{
do_work();
error = boost::(:link 10
- -80
+ -792
- :)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name;
....
try
{
if( FILE * fp=fopen("foo.txt","rt") )
{
shared_ptr<FILE> f(fp,fclose);
....
read_file(fp); //throws types deriving from boost::(:link
+ :)();
}
catch(
... )
{
error = boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -712
- :)
do_something();
....
}
else
throw file_open_error() (:link
+ :)();
}
}@]
In the above example, note that (:link 10
- -42
+ -712
- |<<:) errno_code(errno);
}
catch( boost::(:link
+ :) captures the original type of the exception object. The exception can be thrown again using the (:link 10
- -17
+ -152
- :) & e )
{
e (:link
+ :) function:
[@// ...continued
void
work()
{
boost::(:link 10
- -42
+ -792
- |<<:) file_name("foo.txt");
throw;
}@]
Finally here is how the handler retrieves data from exceptions that derive from boost::(:link
+ :) error;
boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|thread:) t( boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/bind/bind.html|bind:)(worker_thread,boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html|ref:)(error)) );
t.(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|join:)();
if( error )
boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -152
- :):
[@catch( io_error & e )
{
std::cerr << "I/O Error!\n";
if( std::string const * fn=(:link
+ :)(error);
}@]
Note that (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ :) could fail to copy the original exception object in the following cases:
* if there is not enough memory, in which case the returned (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) points to an instance of std::bad_alloc, or
* if (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ :) was not used in the throw-expression passed to the original throw statement and the current implementation does not have the necessary compiler-specific support to copy the exception automatically, in which case the returned (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) points to an instance of (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -46
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
Regardless, the use of (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ :) and (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -15
+
+
+ 2
+ :) in the above examples is well-formed.
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+
+ 21
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
* T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor.
* If T has any virtual base types, those types must have an accessible default constructor.
!!!!Returns:
An object of ''unspecified'' type which derives publicly from T. That is, the returned object can be intercepted by a catch(T &).
!!!!Description:
This function is designed to be used directly in a throw-expression to enable the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) support in Boost Exception. For example:
[@class
my_exception:
public std::exception
{
};
....
throw boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(my_exception());@]
Unless (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ :) is called at the time an exception object is used in a throw-expression, an attempt to copy it using (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ :) may return an (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) which refers to an instance of (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -46
+
+
+ 2
+ :). See (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ :) for details.
!!!!Note:
Instead of using the throw keyword directly, it is preferable to call boost::(:link 10
@@ -7830,43 +7618,25 @@
2
- :)<file_name>(e) )
std::cerr << "File name: " << *fn << "\n";
if( int const * c=(:link
+ :). This is guaranteed to throw an exception that derives from boost::(:link 10
- -63
+ -622
- :)<errno_code>(e) )
std::cerr << "OS says: " << strerror(*c) << "\n";
}@]
In addition, boost::(:link
+ :) and supports the (:link 10
- -66
+ -792
- :) can be used to compose an automatic (if not user-friendly) message that contains all of the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) objects added to a boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :). This is useful for inclusion in logs and other diagnostic objects.
+ :) functionality.
@@ -7877,9 +7647,18 @@
- 7
+ 412
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
T must have accessible copy constructor and must not be a reference (there is no requirement that T's copy constructor does not throw.)
!!!!Description:
This class template is used to associate a Tag type with a value type T. Objects of type (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<Tag,T> can be passed to (:link 10
@@ -7888,25 +7667,169 @@
2
- :) instance for transporting a relevant file name in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link
+ mod="/":) to be stored in objects of type boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -622
- :).
!!!Example:
(:include
+ :).
!!!!Usage:
The header <(:link 10
- -39
+ -442
- :)
+ :)> provides a declaration of the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) template, which is sufficient for the purpose of typedefing an instance for specific Tag and T, for example:
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -44
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
struct tag_errno;
typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<tag_errno,int> errno_info;@]
Or, the shorter equivalent:
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -44
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;@]
This errno_info typedef can be passed to (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="/":) (#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -29
+
+
+ 2
+ :)> first) to store an int named tag_errno in exceptions of types that derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :):
[@throw file_read_error() (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |<<:) errno_info(errno);@]
It can also be passed to (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :) (#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -56
+
+
+ 2
+ :)> first) to retrieve the tag_errno int from a boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :):
[@catch( boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) & x )
{
if( int const * e=boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<errno_info>(x) )
....
}@]
For convenience and uniformity, Boost Exception defines the following commonly used (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) typedefs, ready for use with (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="/":):
(:pagelist tags="error_info_instance":)
@@ -7917,81 +7840,9 @@
- 17
+ 12
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
E must derive publicly from std::exception.
!!!!Effects:
* If BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS is not defined, boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :)(e) is equivalent to throw boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
- 2
- :)(boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -74
-
-
- 2
- :)(e)), unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is defined, in which case boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :)(e) is equivalent to throw e;
* If BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS is defined, the function is left undefined, and the user is expected to supply an appropriate definition. Callers of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) are allowed to assume that the function never returns; therefore, if the user-defined (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) returns, the behavior is undefined.
!!!!Note:
Under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can examine the passed exception object using boost::
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- , or format an automatic diagnostic message using boost::
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -66
-
-
- 2
- .
+ (:auto !:)
This is an alphabetical list of all Boost Exception documentation pages.
(:pagelist fmt="index" except_tags="index noindex" mod="w":)
@@ -8002,153 +7853,27 @@
- 77
+ 72
- !!Synopsis
List of documented definitions, declarations and includes by header file:
`#include <(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link 10
- -78
+ -102
- :)>
[@(:include
+ :) instance for transporting the string passed as a second argument to fopen in exceptions indicating fopen failures and deriving from boost::(:link 10
- -78
+ -622
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -70
-
-
- 2
- :)>
[@(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -70
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -18
-
-
- 2
- :)>
[@(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -18
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -69
-
-
- 2
- :)>
[@(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -69
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -49
-
-
- 2
- :)>
[@(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -49
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -51
-
-
- 2
- :)>
[@(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -51
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -35
-
-
- 2
- :)>
[@(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -35
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -21
-
-
- 2
- :)>
[@(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -21
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ :).
!!!Example:
(:include 10
@@ -8157,196 +7882,7 @@
2
- :)>
[@(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -55
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -46
-
-
- 2
- :)>
[@(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -46
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -53
-
-
- 2
- :)>
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -53
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -73
-
-
- 2
- :)>
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -73
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -68
-
-
- 2
- :)>
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -68
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -54
-
-
- 2
- :)>
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -54
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -34
-
-
- 2
- :)>
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -34
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -50
-
-
- 2
- :)>
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -50
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
`#include <
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -45
-
-
- 2
- >
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -45
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -38
-
-
- 2
- :)>
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -38
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -15
-
-
- 2
- :)>
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -15
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
+ :)
@@ -8357,90 +7893,9 @@
- 19
+ 12
- (:auto !!!:)
The code snippet below demonstrates how boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) can be used to bundle the name of the function that failed, together with the reported errno so that they can be added to exception objects more conveniently together:
[@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -69
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -34
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -53
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -68
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
typedef boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:)<boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -36
-
-
- 2
- :),boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -58
-
-
- 2
- :)> clib_failure;
struct file_open_error: virtual boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) { };
boost::shared_ptr<FILE>
file_open( char const * name, char const * mode )
{
if( FILE * f=fopen(name,mode) )
return boost::shared_ptr<FILE>(f,fclose);
else
throw file_open_error() <<
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -10
-
-
- 2
- :)(name) <<
clib_failure("fopen",errno);
}@]
Note that the members of a boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) are stored separately in exception objects; they can only be retrieved individually, using (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- :).
+ (:auto !!:)
(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="type":)
@@ -8451,45 +7906,9 @@
- 9
+ 12
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
This function must not be called outside of a catch block.
!!!!Returns:
If the current exception object can be converted to boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) or std::exception, this function returns the same string value returned by (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -66
-
-
- 2
- :) for the current exception object. Otherwise, an unspecified non-empty string is returned.
Typical use is to call
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -14
-
-
- 2
- from a top-level function to output diagnostic information about unhandled exceptions:
[@int
main()
{
try
{
run_program();
}
catch(
error & e )
{
//handle error
}
catch(
...)
{
std::cerr << "Unhandled exception!" << std::endl <<
boost::
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -14
-
-
- 2
- ();
}
}@]
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
@@ -8502,7 +7921,7 @@
12
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Precondition:
ep shall not be null.
!!!!Throws:
The exception to which ep refers.
@@ -8513,54 +7932,81 @@
- 17
+ 692
- (:auto !!!:)
The following example demonstrates how errno can be stored in exception objects using Boost Exception:
[@#include <(:link
+ !!Introduction
The purpose of Boost Exception is to ease the design of exception class hierarchies and to help write exception handling and error reporting code.
It supports transporting of arbitrary data to the catch site, which is otherwise tricky due to the no-throw requirements (15.5.1) for exception types. Data can be added to any exception object, either directly in the throw-expression (15.1), or at a later time as the exception object propagates up the call stack.
The ability to add data to exception objects after they have been passed to throw is important, because often some of the information needed to handle an exception is unavailable in the context where the failure is detected.
Boost Exception also supports (:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:)-style (:link 10
- -15
+ -702
- :)>
#include <iostream>
typedef boost::(:link
+ |copying:) of exception objects, implemented non-intrusively and automatically by the boost::(:link 10
- -80
+ -632
- :)<struct tag_my_info,int> my_info; //(1)
struct my_error: virtual boost::(:link
+ :) function.
!!Contents
#(:link 10
- -17
+ -202
- :), virtual std::exception { }; //(2)
void
f()
{
throw my_error() << my_info(42); //(3)
}@]
First, we instantiate the (:link
+ :)
#Tutorial
##(:link 10
- -80
+ -652
- :) template using a unique identifier -- tag_my_info, and the type of the info it identifies -- int. This provides compile-time type safety for the various values stored in exception objects.
Second, we define class my_error, which derives from boost::(:link
+ mod="w":)
##(:link 10
- -17
+ -222
- :).
Finally, (3) illustrates how the typedef from (1) can be used with (:link
+ mod="w":)
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -70
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="w":)
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -21
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="w":)
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -24
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="w":)
##(:link 10
@@ -8569,7 +8015,25 @@
2
- |operator<<:) to store values in exception objects at the point of the throw.
The stored my_info value can be recovered at a later time like this:
[@// ...continued
void
g()
{
try
{
f();
}
catch(
my_error & x )
{
if( int const * mi=boost::(:link
+ mod="w":)
#Documentation
##Class (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
##Throwing Exceptions
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -75
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link 10
@@ -8578,16 +8042,205 @@
2
- :)<my_info>(x) )
std::cerr << "My info: " << *mi;
}
}@]
The (:link
+ :)
##Transporting of Arbitrary Data to the Catch Site
###(:link 10
- -63
+ -102
- :) function template is instantiated with the typedef from (1), and is passed an exception object of a polymorphic type. If the exception object contains the requested value, err will point to it; otherwise a null pointer is returned.
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -5
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -67
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
##(:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:) Transporting of Exceptions between Threads
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -35
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -15
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -46
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
##Diagnostic Information
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
###(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -53
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -73
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
#API
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -59
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -78
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -13
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -52
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -68
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
##(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -45
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="w":)
#(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -23
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="w":)
#(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -11
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="w":)
!!!Acknowledgements
Thanks to Peter Dimov for his continuing help. Also thanks to Tobias Schwinger, Tom Brinkman, Pavel Vozenilek and everyone who participated in the review process.
@@ -8598,9 +8251,18 @@
- 13
+ 52
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
Class boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Definition:
The expression
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ <Tag,T>::(:link 10
@@ -8609,52 +8271,7 @@
2
- :) is designed to be used as a universal base for user-defined exception types.
An object of any type deriving from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) can store data of arbitrary types, using the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) wrapper and (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- mod="/":).
To retrieve data from a boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) object, use the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- :) function template.
+ mod="m":) evaluates to T.
@@ -8664,6 +8281,46 @@
-18
+
+ 7
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) instance for transporting the name of a relevant API function (which does not use exceptions to report errors) in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
!!!Example:
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -55
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -19
+
+ 12
@@ -8674,13 +8331,511 @@
0
- -19
+ -20
- 15
+ 332
- (:auto !!!:)
Here is how cloning can be enabled in a throw-expression (15.1):
[@#include <(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
Traditionally, when using exceptions to report failures, the throw site:
*creates an exception object of the appropriate type, and
*stuffs it with data relevant to the detected error.
A higher context in the program contains a catch statement which:
*selects failures based on exception types, and
*inspects exception objects for data required to deal with the problem.
The main issue with this "traditional" approach is that often, the data available at the point of the throw is insufficient for the catch site to handle the failure.
Here is an example of a catch statement:
[@catch( file_read_error & e )
{
std::cerr << e.file_name();
}@]
And here is a possible matching throw:
[@void
read_file( FILE * f )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error(???);
....
}@]
Clearly, the problem is that the handler requires a file name but the read_file function does not have a file name to put in the exception object; all it has is a FILE pointer!
In an attempt to deal with this problem, we could modify read_file to accept a file name:
[@void
read_file( FILE * f, char const * name )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error(name);
....
}@]
This is not a real solution: it simply shifts the burden of supplying a file name to the immediate caller of the read_file function.
->''In general, the data required to handle a given library-emitted exception depends on the program that links to it. Many contexts between the throw and the catch may have relevant information which must be transported to the exception handler.''
!!!Exception wrapping
The idea of exception wrapping is to catch an exception from a lower level function (such as the read_file function above), and throw a new exception object that contains the original exception (and also carries a file name.) This method seems to be particularly popular with C++ programmers with Java background.
Exception wrapping leads to the following problems:
*To wrap an exception object it must be copied, which may result in slicing.
*Wrapping is practically impossible to use in generic contexts.
The second point is actually special case of violating the exception neutrality principle. Most contexts in a program can not handle exceptions; such contexts should not interfere with the process of exception handling.
!!!The boost::exception solution
*Simply derive your exception types from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
*Confidently limit the throw site to provide only data that is available naturally.
*Use exception-neutral contexts between the throw and the catch to augment exceptions with more relevant data as they bubble up.
For example, in the throw statement below we only add the errno code, since this is the only failure-relevant information available in this context:
[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_read_error: virtual io_error { };
typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<struct tag_errno_code,int> errno_code;
void
read_file( FILE * f )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error() (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |<<:) errno_code(errno);
....
}@]
In a higher exception-neutral context, we add the file name to ''any'' exception that derives from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :):
[@typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name;
....
try
{
if( FILE * fp=fopen("foo.txt","rt") )
{
shared_ptr<FILE> f(fp,fclose);
....
read_file(fp); //throws types deriving from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
do_something();
....
}
else
throw file_open_error() (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |<<:) errno_code(errno);
}
catch( boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) & e )
{
e (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |<<:) file_name("foo.txt");
throw;
}@]
Finally here is how the handler retrieves data from exceptions that derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :):
[@catch( io_error & e )
{
std::cerr << "I/O Error!\n";
if( std::string const * fn=(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<file_name>(e) )
std::cerr << "File name: " << *fn << "\n";
if( int const * c=(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<errno_code>(e) )
std::cerr << "OS says: " << strerror(*c) << "\n";
}@]
In addition, boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ :) can be used to compose an automatic (if not user-friendly) message that contains all of the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) objects added to a boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :). This is useful for inclusion in logs and other diagnostic objects.
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -24
+
+
+
+ 5
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
Exception types should use virtual inheritance when deriving from other exception types. This insight is due to Andrew Koenig. Using virtual inheritance prevents ambiguity problems in the exception handler:
[@#include <iostream>
struct my_exc1 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct my_exc2 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct your_exc3 : my_exc1, my_exc2 {};
int
main()
{
try { throw your_exc3(); }
catch(std::exception const& e) {}
catch(...) { std::cout << "whoops!" << std::endl; }
}@]
The program above outputs "whoops!" because the conversion to std::exception is ambiguous.
The overhead introduced by virtual inheritance is always negligible in the context of exception handling. Note that virtual bases are initialized directly by the constructor of the most-derived-type (the type passed to the throw statement, in case of exceptions.) However, typically this detail is of no concern when boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) is used, because it enables exception types to be trivial structs with no members (there's nothing to initialize.) See (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -21
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="w":).
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -22
+
+
+
+ 27
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
Some exception hierarchies can not be modified to make boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) a base type. In this case, the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -67
+
+
+ 2
+ :) function template can be used to make exception objects derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) anyway. Here is an example:
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -28
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <stdexcept>
typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<struct tag_std_range_min,size_t> std_range_min;
typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<struct tag_std_range_max,size_t> std_range_max;
typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<struct tag_std_range_index,size_t> std_range_index;
template <class T>
class
my_container
{
public:
size_t size() const;
T const &
operator[]( size_t i ) const
{
if( i > size() )
throw boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -67
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(std::range_error("Index out of range")) <<
std_range_min(0) <<
std_range_max(size()) <<
std_range_index(i);
//....
}
};
@]
The call to (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -67
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<T> gets us an object of ''unspecified type'' which is guaranteed to derive from both boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) and T. This makes it possible to use (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="/":) to store additional information in the exception object. The exception can be intercepted as T &, so existing exception handling will not break. It can also be intercepted as boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) &, so that (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -65
+
+
+ 2
+ |more information can be added to the exception at a later time:).
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -23
+
+
+
+ 79
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Why doesn't boost::exception derive from std::exception?
Despite that (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -24
+
+
+ 2
+ |virtual inheritance should be used in deriving from base exception types:), many programmers fail to follow this principle when deriving from std::exception. If boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) derives from std::exception, using the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -67
+
+
+ 2
+ :) function with such user-defined types would introduce dangerous ambiguity which would break all catch(std::exception &) statements.
Of course, boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) should not be used to replace std::exception as a base type in exception type hierarchies. Instead, it should be included as a virtual base, in addition to std::exception (which should also be derived virtually.)
!!!Why is boost::exception abstract?
To prevent exception-neutral contexts from erroneously erasing the type of the original exception when adding (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) to an active exception object:
[@catch( boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) & e )
{
e (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |<<:) foo_info(foo);
throw e; //Compile error: boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) is abstract
}@]
The correct code is:
[@catch( boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) & e )
{
e (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |<<:) foo_info(foo);
throw; //Okay, re-throwing the original exception object.
}@]
!!!What is the space overhead of the boost::exception base class?
The space overhead for the boost::exception data members is negligible in the context of exception handling. Throwing objects that derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) does not by itself cause dynamic memory allocations.
Deriving from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) enables any data to be added to exceptions, which usually does allocate memory. However, this memory is reclaimed when the exception has been handled, and since typically user code does not allocate memory during the unrolling of the stack, adding error info to exceptions should not cause memory fragmentation.
!!!Should I use boost::throw_exception or BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION or just throw?
The benefit of calling boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :) instead of using throw directly is that it ensures that the emitted exception derives from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) and that it is compatible with boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
The (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -75
+
+
+ 2
+ :) macro also results in a call to boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :), but in addition it records in the exception object the __FILE__ and __LINE__ of the throw, as well as the pretty name of the function that throws. This has virtually no overhead, yet enables boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ :) to compose a more useful, if not user-friendly message.
Typical use of boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ :) is:
[@catch( boost::exception & e )
{
std::cerr << "OMG!" << boost::diagnostic_information(e);
}
catch( ... )
{
std::cerr << "OMG!!!";
}@]
This is a possible message it may display, the first line is only possible if (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -75
+
+
+ 2
+ :) is used:
[@example_io.cpp(70): Throw in function class boost::shared_ptr<struct _iobuf> __cdecl my_fopen(const char *,const char *)
Dynamic exception type: class boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<class fopen_error>
std::exception::what: example_io error
[struct boost::(:link 10
@@ -8689,25 +8844,7 @@
2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -68
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
struct file_read_error: virtual boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) { };
void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
{
if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
throw boost::(:link
+ :)_ *] = fopen
[struct boost::(:link 10
@@ -8716,7 +8853,182 @@
2
- :)(file_read_error()) <<
boost::(:link
+ :)_ *] = 2, "No such file or directory"
[struct boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -64
+
+
+ 2
+ :)_ *] = tmp1.txt
[struct boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :)_ *] = rb@]
!!!Why is boost::exception integrated in boost::throw_exception?
The boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :) function predates the Boost Exception library and there has been some concern about its current behavior of injecting boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) as a base of any exception passed to boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :). Such concerns are dictated by the typical strict interpretation of a common principle in C and C++, that users only pay for features they actually use.
The problem is that users of Boost Exception can't by themselves cause a library to throw types that derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :), and without this they can't use any of the Boost Exception facilities.
For example, if a user wants to use Boost Serialization in a separate thread, it is desirable to be able to transport exceptions emitted by that library into the main thread where they can be analyzed to generate a user-friendly message. This can be easily achieved using boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :), but this requires that Boost Serialization throws exceptions using boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ :). If Boost Serialization calls boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :) to throw, this behavior happens automatically and transparently.
The cost of this integration is:
* In terms of space: a pointer and 3 ints are added to the static size of exception objects.
* In terms of speed: the pointer is initialized to null at the point of the throw.
* In terms of coupling: about 400 self-contained lines of C++ with no external includes.
!!!Why use operator<< overload for adding info to exceptions?
Before throwing an object of type that derives from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :), it is often desirable to add one or more (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) objects in it. The syntactic sugar provided by (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ :) allows this to be done directly in a throw expression:
[@throw error() (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |<<:) foo_info(foo) (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |<<:) bar_info(bar);@]
which saves typing compared to this possible alternative:
[@error e;
e.add(foo_info(foo));
e.add(bar_info(bar));
throw e;@]
and looks better than something like:
[@throw error().add(foo_info(foo)).add(bar_info(bar));@]
!!!Why is operator<< allowed to throw?
This question is referring to the following issue. Consider this throw statement example:
[@throw file_open_error() (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |<<:) file_name(fn);@]
The intention here is to throw a file_open_error, however if (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="/":) fails to copy the std::string contained in the file_name (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) wrapper, a std::bad_alloc could propagate instead. This behavior seems undesirable to some programmers.
Bjarne Stroustrup, The C++ Programming Language, 3rd Edition, page 371:
->''"Throwing an exception requires an object to throw. A C++ implementation is required to have enough spare memory to be able to throw bad_alloc in case of memory exhaustion. However, it is possible that throwing some other exception will cause memory exhaustion."''
So, an attempt to throw any exception may already result in propagating std::bad_alloc instead.
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+
+ 19
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
The code snippet below demonstrates how boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) can be used to bundle the name of the function that failed, together with the reported errno so that they can be added to exception objects more conveniently together:
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -43
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link 10
@@ -8725,7 +9037,34 @@
2
- :)(errno);
}@]
Of course, (:link
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -76
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -14
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <errno.h>
typedef boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:)<boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -18
+
+
+ 2
+ :),boost::(:link 10
@@ -8734,12 +9073,30 @@
2
- :) may be used with any exception type; there is no requirement that it should derive from boost::(:link
+ :)> clib_failure;
struct file_open_error: virtual boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) { };
boost::shared_ptr<FILE>
file_open( char const * name, char const * mode )
{
if( FILE * f=fopen(name,mode) )
return boost::shared_ptr<FILE>(f,fclose);
else
throw file_open_error() <<
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -64
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(name) <<
clib_failure("fopen",errno);
}@]
Note that the members of a boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:) are stored separately in exception objects; they can only be retrieved individually, using (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -722
@@ -8750,7 +9107,118 @@
0
- -20
+ -26
+
+
+
+ 1
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -27
+
+
+
+ 17
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
The following example demonstrates how errno can be stored in exception objects using Boost Exception:
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -28
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <iostream>
typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<struct tag_my_info,int> my_info; //(1)
struct my_error: virtual boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :), virtual std::exception { }; //(2)
void
f()
{
throw my_error() << my_info(42); //(3)
}@]
First, we instantiate the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) template using a unique identifier -- tag_my_info, and the type of the info it identifies -- int. This provides compile-time type safety for the various values stored in exception objects.
Second, we define class my_error, which derives from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
Finally, (3) illustrates how the typedef from (1) can be used with (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ |operator<<:) to store values in exception objects at the point of the throw.
The stored my_info value can be recovered at a later time like this:
[@// ...continued
void
g()
{
try
{
f();
}
catch(
my_error & x )
{
if( int const * mi=boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<my_info>(x) )
std::cerr << "My info: " << *mi;
}
}@]
The (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :) function template is instantiated with the typedef from (1), and is passed an exception object of a polymorphic type. If the exception object contains the requested value, err will point to it; otherwise a null pointer is returned.
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -28
+
+
+
+ 1
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -29
@@ -8767,193 +9235,9 @@
- 1
+ 72
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -22
-
-
-
- 69
- 2
- !!Introduction
The purpose of Boost Exception is to ease the design of exception class hierarchies and to help write exception handling and error reporting code.
It supports transporting of arbitrary data to the catch site, which is otherwise tricky due to the no-throw requirements (15.5.1) for exception types. Data can be added to any exception object, either directly in the throw-expression (15.1), or at a later time as the exception object propagates up the call stack.
The ability to add data to exception objects after they have been passed to throw is important, because often some of the information needed to handle an exception is unavailable in the context where the failure is detected.
Boost Exception also supports (:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:)-style (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -27
-
-
- 2
- |copying:) of exception objects, implemented non-intrusively and automatically by the boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) function.
!!Contents
#(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -8
-
-
- 2
- :)
#Tutorial
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -72
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -9
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -27
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -6
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -5
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -32
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":)
#Documentation
##Class (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :)
##Throwing Exceptions
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -61
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :)
##Transporting of Arbitrary Data to the Catch Site
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -76
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -74
-
-
- 2
- :)
##(:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:) Transporting of Exceptions between Threads
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
Deriving from boost::(:link 10
@@ -8962,413 +9246,7 @@
2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -48
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -30
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -59
-
-
- 2
- :)
##Diagnostic Information
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -66
-
-
- 2
- :)
###(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -14
-
-
- 2
- :)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -64
-
-
- 2
- :)
#API
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -12
-
-
- 2
- :)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -41
-
-
- 2
- :)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -67
-
-
- 2
- :)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -43
-
-
- 2
- :)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -75
-
-
- 2
- :)
##(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -71
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":)
#(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -7
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":)
#(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -23
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":)
!!!Acknowledgements
Thanks to Peter Dimov for his continuing help. Also thanks to Tobias Schwinger, Tom Brinkman, Pavel Vozenilek and everyone who participated in the review process.
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -23
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !:)
This is an alphabetical list of all Boost Exception documentation pages.
(:pagelist fmt="index" except_tags="index noindex" mod="w":)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
-
- 7
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) instance for transporting (in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :)) an
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- to an exception nested into another exception.
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -25
-
-
-
- 5
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Description:
Returns a (const) reference to the copy of the value passed to (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :)'s constructor stored in the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) object.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -26
-
-
-
- 7
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) instance for transporting a relevant FILE pointer managed by a boost::shared_ptr<FILE> in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :).
!!!Example:
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -39
-
-
- 2
- :)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -27
-
-
-
- 11
- 2
- (:auto !!:)
Boost Exception supports transporting of exception objects between threads through cloning. This system is similar to (:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:), but because Boost Exception can not rely on language support, the use of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
- 2
- :) at the time of the throw is required in order to use cloning.
!!!!Note:
All exceptions emitted by the familiar function boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) are guaranteed to derive from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) and to support cloning.
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -19
-
-
- 2
- :)
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -79
-
-
- 2
- :)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -28
-
-
-
- 3
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include decl:)
!!!!Effects:
Frees all resources associated with a boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) object.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
-
- 25
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
The (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) type can be used to refer to a copy of an exception object. It is Default Constructible, Copy Constructible, Assignable and Equality Comparable; (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :)'s operations do not throw.
The referenced object remains valid at least as long as there is an (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) object that refers to it.
Two instances of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) are equivalent and compare equal if and only if they refer to the same exception.
The default constructor of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) produces the null value of the type. The null value is equivalent only to itself.
!!!!Thread safety
* It is legal for multiple threads to hold (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) references to the same exception object.
* It is illegal for multiple threads to modify the same (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) object concurrently.
* While calling (:link
+ :) effectively decouples the semantics of a failure from the information that is relevant to each individual instance of reporting a failure with a given semantic.
In other words: with boost::(:link 10
@@ -9377,43 +9255,16 @@
2
- :) makes a copy of the current exception object, it is still possible for the two copies to share internal state. Therefore, in general it is not safe to call (:link
+ :), what data a given exception object transports depends primarily on the context in which failures are reported (not on its type.) Since exception types need no members, it becomes very natural to throw exceptions that derive from more than one type to indicate multiple appropriate semantics:
[@struct exception_base: virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link 10
- -30
+ -622
- :) concurrently to throw the same exception object into multiple threads.
!!!!Nesting of exceptions:
An (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) can be added as (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) to any boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :). This is a convenient way to nest exceptions. There is no limit on the depth of the nesting, however cyclic references result in undefined behavior.
+ :) { };
struct io_error: virtual exception_base { };
struct file_error: virtual io_error { };
struct read_error: virtual io_error { };
struct file_read_error: virtual file_error, virtual read_error { };@]
Using this approach, exception types become a simple tagging system for categorizing errors and selecting failures in exception handlers.
@@ -9426,7 +9277,7 @@
12
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Precondition:
ep shall not be null.
!!!!Throws:
The exception to which ep refers.
+ (:auto !!!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
@@ -9439,25 +9290,25 @@
52
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Definition:
The expression
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard 10
- -80
+ -102
- <Tag,T>::(:link
+ instance for transporting strings returned by std::type_info::name in exceptions deriving from boost::10
- -31
+ -622
- mod="m":) evaluates to T.
+ objects.
@@ -9468,90 +9319,18 @@
- 19
+ 32
- (:auto !!:)
Boost Exception provides a namespace-scope function (:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include decl:)
!!!!Effects:
Frees all resources associated with a boost::(:link 10
- -66
+ -622
- :) which takes a boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :). The returned string contains:
*the string representation of all data objects added to the boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) through (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- mod="/":);
*the output from std::exception::what;
*additional platform-specific diagnostic information.
The returned string is not presentable as a friendly user message, but because it is generated automatically, it is useful for debugging or logging purposes. Here is an example:
[@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -15
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <iostream>
void f(); //throws unknown types that derive from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :).
void
g()
{
try
{
f();
}
catch(
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) & e )
{
std::cerr << (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -66
-
-
- 2
- :)(e);
}
}@]
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -33
-
-
- 2
- :)
+ :) object.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
@@ -9562,36 +9341,9 @@
- 11
+ 72
- !!!!Example:
this is a possible output from the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -66
-
-
- 2
- :) function, as used in ''libs/exception/example/example_io.cpp:''
[@example_io.cpp(70): Throw in function class boost::shared_ptr<struct _iobuf> __cdecl my_fopen(const char *,const char *)
Dynamic exception type: class boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<struct fopen_error>
std::exception::what: example_io error
[struct boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -36
-
-
- 2
- :)_ *] = fopen
[struct boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -58
-
-
- 2
- :)_ *] = 2, "No such file or directory"
[struct boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link 10
@@ -9600,16 +9352,25 @@
2
- :)_ *] = tmp1.txt
[struct boost::(:link
+ :) instance for transporting a relevant FILE pointer managed by a boost::shared_ptr<FILE> in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link 10
- -52
+ -622
- :)_ *] = rb@]
+ :).
!!!Example:
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -55
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
@@ -9633,9 +9394,27 @@
- 1
+ 52
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Effects:
As if
[@try
{
throw
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ (e);
}
catch(...)
{
return (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ :)();
}@]
@@ -9648,34 +9427,34 @@
72
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
The 10
- -80
+ -362
- :) instance for transporting the name of a relevant API function (which does not use exceptions to report errors) in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link
+ function is intended to be called from a user-defined std::exception::what() override. This allows diagnostic information to be returned as the what() string.
!!!!Returns:
A pointer to a zero-terminated buffer that contains a string similar to the std::string returned by the 10
- -17
+ -512
- :).
!!!Example:
(:include
+ function, or null to indicate a failure.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
!!!!Note:
The returned pointer becomes invalid if any 10
- -39
+ -102
- :)
+ is modified or added to the exception object, or if another diagnostic information function is called.
@@ -9686,36 +9465,18 @@
- 21
+ 72
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
* T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor.
* If T has any virtual base types, those types must have an accessible default constructor.
!!!!Returns:
An object of ''unspecified'' type which derives publicly from T. That is, the returned object can be intercepted by a catch(T &).
!!!!Description:
This function is designed to be used directly in a throw-expression to enable the (:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link 10
- -29
+ -102
- :) support in Boost Exception. For example:
[@class
my_exception:
public std::exception
{
};
....
throw boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
- 2
- :)(my_exception());@]
Unless (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
- 2
- :) is called at the time an exception object is used in a throw-expression, an attempt to copy it using (:link
+ :) instance for transporting a relevant errno value in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link 10
@@ -9724,61 +9485,16 @@
2
- :) may return an (:link
+ :).
!!!Example:
(:include 10
- -29
+ -552
- :) which refers to an instance of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -59
-
-
- 2
- :). See (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :) for details.
!!!!Note:
Instead of using the throw keyword directly, it is preferable to call boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :). This is guaranteed to throw an exception that derives from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) and supports the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) functionality.
+ :)
@@ -9801,181 +9517,6 @@
-39
-
- 37
- 2
- [@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -53
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -73
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -68
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -54
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -34
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -50
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -18
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -46
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/weak_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <exception>
struct error : virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) { };
struct file_error : virtual error { };
struct file_open_error: virtual file_error { };
struct file_read_error: virtual file_error { };
boost::shared_ptr<FILE>
open_file( char const * file, char const * mode )
{
if( FILE * f=fopen(file,mode) )
return boost::shared_ptr<FILE>(f,fclose);
else
(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -61
-
-
- 2
- :)(
file_open_error() <<
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -36
-
-
- 2
- :)("fopen") <<
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -58
-
-
- 2
- :)(errno) <<
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -10
-
-
- 2
- :)(file) <<
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -52
-
-
- 2
- :)(mode) );
}
size_t
read_file( boost::shared_ptr<FILE> const & f, void * buf, size_t size )
{
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,size,f.get());
if( ferror(f.get()) )
(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -61
-
-
- 2
- :)(
file_read_error() <<
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -36
-
-
- 2
- :)("fread") <<
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -58
-
-
- 2
- :)(errno) <<
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -26
-
-
- 2
- :)(f) );
return nr;
}@]
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -40
-
- 192
@@ -9984,7 +9525,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -622
@@ -9993,7 +9534,7 @@
0
- -15
+ -282
@@ -10002,7 +9543,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -622
@@ -10011,7 +9552,7 @@
0
- -58
+ -372
@@ -10020,7 +9561,7 @@
0
- -15
+ -282
@@ -10029,7 +9570,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -622
@@ -10038,7 +9579,7 @@
0
- -10
+ -642
@@ -10047,7 +9588,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -622
@@ -10056,7 +9597,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -622
@@ -10067,13 +9608,71 @@
0
- -41
+ -4012
- (:auto !!:)
(:pagelist tags="hpp" except_tags="noindex":)
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -41
+
+
+
+ 11
+ 2
+ !!!!Example:
this is a possible output from the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ :) function, as used in ''libs/exception/example/example_io.cpp:''
[@example_io.cpp(70): Throw in function class boost::shared_ptr<struct _iobuf> __cdecl my_fopen(const char *,const char *)
Dynamic exception type: class boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<struct fopen_error>
std::exception::what: example_io error
[struct boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -18
+
+
+ 2
+ :)_ *] = fopen
[struct boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -37
+
+
+ 2
+ :)_ *] = 2, "No such file or directory"
[struct boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -64
+
+
+ 2
+ :)_ *] = tmp1.txt
[struct boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :)_ *] = rb@]
@@ -10084,27 +9683,36 @@
- 7
+ 192
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
E must be boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!:)
Boost Exception provides a namespace-scope function (:link 10
- -17
+ -512
- :), or a type that derives (indirectly) from boost::(:link
+ :) which takes a boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -622
- :).
!!!!Postcondition:
A copy of v is stored into x. If x already contains data of type (:link
+ :). The returned string contains:
*the string representation of all data objects added to the boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) through (:link 10
@@ -10113,7 +9721,52 @@
2
- :)<Tag,T>, that data is overwritten. Basic exception safety guarantee.
!!!!Returns:
x.
(:include throws:)
+ mod="/":);
*the output from std::exception::what;
*additional platform-specific diagnostic information.
The returned string is not presentable as a friendly user message, but because it is generated automatically, it is useful for debugging or logging purposes. Here is an example:
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -28
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <iostream>
void f(); //throws unknown types that derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
void
g()
{
try
{
f();
}
catch(
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) & e )
{
std::cerr << (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(e);
}
}@]
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -41
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
@@ -10126,7 +9779,7 @@
12
- (:auto !!:)
(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="function":)
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
@@ -10137,45 +9790,9 @@
- 9
+ 12
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- typedef is used by
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- if it defaults to returning an
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- that refers to an object of type
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -59
-
-
- 2
- , to record in it the std::type_info of the original exception object.
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
@@ -10186,9 +9803,90 @@
- 1
+ 192
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+ (:auto !!:)
Boost Exception responds to the following configuration macros:
'''BOOST_NO_RTTI'''\\
'''BOOST_NO_TYPEID'''
The first macro prevents Boost Exception from using dynamic_cast and dynamic typeid. If the second macro is also defined, Boost Exception does not use static typeid either. There are no observable degrading effects on the library functionality, except for the following:
->By default, the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :) function template can be called with any exception type. If BOOST_NO_RTTI is defined, (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :) can be used only with objects of type boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
!!!!Note:
The library needs RTTI functionality. Disabling the language RTTI support enables an internal RTTI system, which may have more or less overhead depending on the platform.
'''BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE'''
By default, (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ :) and (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -67
+
+
+ 2
+ :) are integrated directly in the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :) function. Defining BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE disables this integration.
Note that on some non-conformant compilers, for example MSVC 7.0 and older, as well as BCC, BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is implicitly defined in (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -19
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
'''BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS'''
This macro disables exception handling in Boost, forwarding all exceptions to a user-defined non-template version of boost::
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ . However, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can still examine the exception object for any data added at the point of the throw, or use boost::
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ (of course under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, the user-defined boost::throw_exception is not allowed to return to the caller.)
@@ -10198,301 +9896,6 @@
-46
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -47
-
-
-
- 3
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Effects:
Stores a copy of v in the
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- object.
(:include throws:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -48
-
-
-
- 5
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Effects:
As if
[@try
{
throw
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
- 2
- (e);
}
catch(...)
{
return (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :)();
}@]
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -49
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -50
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -51
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -52
-
-
-
- 7
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) instance for transporting the string passed as a second argument to fopen in exceptions indicating fopen failures and deriving from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :).
!!!Example:
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -39
-
-
- 2
- :)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -53
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -54
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -55
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -56
-
-
-
- 5
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- instance for transporting strings returned by std::type_info::name in exceptions deriving from boost::
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- objects.
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -57
-
-
-
- 7
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
The
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -57
-
-
- 2
- function is intended to be called from a user-defined std::exception::what() override. This allows diagnostic information to be returned as the what() string.
!!!!Returns:
A pointer to a zero-terminated buffer that contains a string similar to the std::string returned by the
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -66
-
-
- 2
- function, or null to indicate a failure.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
!!!!Note:
The returned pointer becomes invalid if any
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- is modified or added to the exception object, or if another diagnostic information function is called.
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -58
-
-
-
- 7
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) instance for transporting a relevant errno value in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :).
!!!Example:
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -39
-
-
- 2
- :)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -59
-
- 52
@@ -10501,316 +9904,12 @@
0
- -29
+ -792:) support in Boost Exception. Please see (:link 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :).
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -60
-
-
-
- 7
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) instance for transporting a relevant text file line number, for example in parse error exceptions deriving from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :).
!!!Example:
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -39
-
-
- 2
- :)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -61
-
-
-
- 7
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This macro takes an exception object, records BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION, __FILE__ and __LINE__ in it, and forwards it to
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- . To recover this information at the catch site, use
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- ; the information is also included in the message returned by
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -66
-
-
- 2
- .
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
-
- 33
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
The (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :) function must not be called outside of a catch block.
!!!!Returns:
* An (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) that refers to the currently handled exception or a copy of the currently handled exception.
* If the function needs to allocate memory and the attempt fails, it returns an (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) that refers to an instance of std::bad_alloc.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
!!!!Notes:
* It is unspecified whether the return values of two successive calls to (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :) refer to the same exception object.
* Correct implementation of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :) may require compiler support, unless (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
- 2
- :) was used at the time the currently handled exception object was passed to throw. Whenever
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- fails to properly copy the current exception object, it returns an
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- to an object of type that is as close as possible to the original exception type, using
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -59
-
-
- 2
- as a final fallback. All such types derive from boost::
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- , and:
** if the original exception object derives from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :), then the boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) sub-object of the object referred to by the returned
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- is initialized by the boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) copy constructor;
** if available, the exception contains the std::type_info of the original exception object, accessible through
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- <
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -44
-
-
- 2
- >.
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
-
- 13
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
* ErrorInfo must be an instance of the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) template.
* E must be polymorphic.
!!!!Returns:
* If dynamic_cast<boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) const *>(&x) is 0, or if x does not store an object of type ErrorInfo, the returned value is null.
* Otherwise, the returned pointer points to the stored value (use (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- mod="/":) to store values in exception objects.) When x is destroyed, any pointers returned by (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- :) become invalid.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
!!!!Note:
The interface of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- :) may be affected by the build (:link
- 10
@@ -10825,20 +9924,73 @@
0
- -64
+ -4712
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
This function must not be called outside of a catch block.
!!!!Returns:
A pointer of type E to the current exception object, or null if the current exception object can not be converted to E *.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
0
- -65
+ -48
+
+
+
+ 1
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -49
+
+
+
+ 7
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) instance for transporting (in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :)) an
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ to an exception nested into another exception.
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -50
@@ -10849,7 +10001,7 @@
0
- -15
+ -282
@@ -10860,7 +10012,7 @@
0
- -66
+ -51
@@ -10871,7 +10023,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -622
@@ -10880,7 +10032,7 @@
0
- -80
+ -102
@@ -10889,7 +10041,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -622
@@ -10898,16 +10050,16 @@
0
- -42
+ -802
- mod="/":), along with other diagnostic information relevant to the exception. If e can be dynamically converted to std::exception, the returned value also contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, if E can be statically converted std::exception:
**if e can be dynamically converted to boost::exception, the returned value is the same as if E could be statically converted to boost::(:link
+ mod="/":), along with other diagnostic information relevant to the exception. If e can be dynamically converted to std::exception, the returned value also contains the what() string.
*Otherwise, if E can be statically converted to std::exception:
**if e can be dynamically converted to boost::exception, the returned value is the same as if E could be statically converted to boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -622
@@ -10916,7 +10068,7 @@
0
- -66
+ -512
@@ -10925,7 +10077,7 @@
0
- -80
+ -102
@@ -10934,7 +10086,7 @@
0
- -80
+ -102
@@ -10943,7 +10095,7 @@
0
- -80
+ -102
@@ -10952,7 +10104,7 @@
0
- -25
+ -612
@@ -10961,7 +10113,7 @@
0
- -25
+ -612
@@ -10970,7 +10122,7 @@
0
- -66
+ -512
@@ -10979,7 +10131,7 @@
0
- -80
+ -102
@@ -10988,7 +10140,7 @@
0
- -29
+ -792
@@ -10997,7 +10149,7 @@
0
- -66
+ -512
@@ -11006,7 +10158,7 @@
0
- -30
+ -152
@@ -11015,7 +10167,7 @@
0
- -14
+ -532
@@ -11024,7 +10176,7 @@
0
- -33
+ -412
@@ -11035,13 +10187,1027 @@
0
- -67
+ -5212
- (:auto !!:)
(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="type":)
+ (:auto !!:)
(:pagelist fmt="index" tags="function":)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -53
+
+
+
+ 9
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
This function must not be called outside of a catch block.
!!!!Returns:
If the current exception object can be converted to boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) or std::exception, this function returns the same string value returned by (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ :) for the current exception object. Otherwise, an unspecified non-empty string is returned.
Typical use is to call
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -53
+
+
+ 2
+ from a top-level function to output diagnostic information about unhandled exceptions:
[@int
main()
{
try
{
run_program();
}
catch(
error & e )
{
//handle error
}
catch(
...)
{
std::cerr << "Unhandled exception!" << std::endl <<
boost::
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -53
+
+
+ 2
+ ();
}
}@]
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -54
+
+
+
+ 9
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ typedef is used by
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ if it defaults to returning an
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ that refers to an object of type
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -46
+
+
+ 2
+ , to record in it the std::type_info of the original exception object.
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -55
+
+
+
+ 37
+ 2
+ [@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -76
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -66
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -14
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -77
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -58
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -47
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -29
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -19
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/weak_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <exception>
struct error : virtual std::exception, virtual boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) { };
struct file_error : virtual error { };
struct file_open_error: virtual file_error { };
struct file_read_error: virtual file_error { };
boost::shared_ptr<FILE>
open_file( char const * file, char const * mode )
{
if( FILE * f=fopen(file,mode) )
return boost::shared_ptr<FILE>(f,fclose);
else
(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -75
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(
file_open_error() <<
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -18
+
+
+ 2
+ :)("fopen") <<
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -37
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(errno) <<
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -64
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(file) <<
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(mode) );
}
size_t
read_file( boost::shared_ptr<FILE> const & f, void * buf, size_t size )
{
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,size,f.get());
if( ferror(f.get()) )
(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -75
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(
file_read_error() <<
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -18
+
+
+ 2
+ :)("fread") <<
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -37
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(errno) <<
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -33
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(f) );
return nr;
}@]
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -56
+
+
+
+ 1
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -57
+
+
+
+ 3
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Effects:
Stores a copy of v in the
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ object.
(:include throws:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -58
+
+
+
+ 1
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -59
+
+
+
+ 77
+ 2
+ !!Synopsis
List of documented definitions, declarations and includes by header file:
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -7
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -7
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -44
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -44
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -29
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -29
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -43
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -43
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -48
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -48
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -40
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -40
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -38
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -38
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -60
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -60
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -30
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -30
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -19
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -19
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)@]
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -76
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -76
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -66
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -66
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -14
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -14
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -77
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -77
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -58
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -58
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -47
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -47
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
`#include <
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -26
+
+
+ 2
+ >
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -26
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -34
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -34
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
`#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -28
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -28
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -60
+
+
+
+ 1
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -61
+
+
+
+ 5
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Description:
Returns a (const) reference to the copy of the value passed to (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :)'s constructor stored in the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) object.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+
+ 13
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
Class boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) is designed to be used as a universal base for user-defined exception types.
An object of any type deriving from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) can store data of arbitrary types, using the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) wrapper and (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -80
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="/":).
To retrieve data from a boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) object, use the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ :) function template.
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+
+ 17
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
E must derive publicly from std::exception.
!!!!Effects:
* If BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS is not defined, boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(e) is equivalent to throw boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -67
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(e)), unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is defined, in which case boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(e) is equivalent to throw e;
* If BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS is defined, the function is left undefined, and the user is expected to supply an appropriate definition. Callers of (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :) are allowed to assume that the function never returns; therefore, if the user-defined (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ :) returns, the behavior is undefined.
!!!!Note:
Under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can examine the passed exception object using boost::
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ , or format an automatic diagnostic message using boost::
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ .
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -64
+
+
+
+ 7
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) instance for transporting a relevant file name in exceptions deriving from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
!!!Example:
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -55
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -65
+
+
+
+ 11
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
All exception types that derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) can be used as type-safe containers of arbitrary data objects, while complying with the no-throw requirements (15.5.1) of the ANSI C++ standard for exception types.
When exceptions derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :), arbitrary data can be added to exception objects:
*At the point of the throw;
*At a later time as exceptions bubble up the call stack.
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -27
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -39
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -66
+
+
+
+ 1
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -67
+
+
+
+ 5
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor as per (15.5.1).
!!!!Returns:
* If T derives from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :), the returned object is of type T and is a copy of x.
* Otherwise, the returned object is of an unspecified type that derives publicly from both T and boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :). The T sub-object is initialized from x by the T copy constructor.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
@@ -11054,7 +11220,7 @@
12
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+ (:auto !!:)
(:pagelist tags="macro":)
@@ -11065,9 +11231,72 @@
- 1
+ 152
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+ (:auto !!!:)
Here is how cloning can be enabled in a throw-expression (15.1):
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -29
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -14
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
struct file_read_error: virtual boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) { };
void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
{
if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
throw boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(file_read_error()) <<
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -37
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(errno);
}@]
Of course, (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+ 2
+ :) may be used with any exception type; there is no requirement that it should derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
@@ -11078,139 +11307,54 @@
- 1
+ 112
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -9
-
-
-
- 27
- 2
- (:auto !!:)
Some exception hierarchies can not be modified to make boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!:)
Boost Exception supports transporting of exception objects between threads through cloning. This system is similar to (:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:), but because Boost Exception can not rely on language support, the use of (:link 10
- -17
+ -92
- :) a base type. In this case, the (:link
+ :) at the time of the throw is required in order to use cloning.
!!!!Note:
All exceptions emitted by the familiar function boost::(:link 10
- -74
+ -632
- :) function template can be used to make exception objects derive from boost::(:link
+ :) are guaranteed to derive from boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -622
- :) anyway. Here is an example:
[@#include <(:link
+ :) and to support cloning.
(:include 10
- -15
+ -692
- :)>
#include <stdexcept>
typedef boost::(:link
+ :)
(:include 10
- -80
+ -82
- :)<struct tag_std_range_min,size_t> std_range_min;
typedef boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :)<struct tag_std_range_max,size_t> std_range_max;
typedef boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :)<struct tag_std_range_index,size_t> std_range_index;
template <class T>
class
my_container
{
public:
size_t size() const;
T const &
operator[]( size_t i ) const
{
if( i > size() )
throw boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -74
-
-
- 2
- :)(std::range_error("Index out of range")) <<
std_range_min(0) <<
std_range_max(size()) <<
std_range_index(i);
//....
}
};
@]
The call to (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -74
-
-
- 2
- :)<T> gets us an object of ''unspecified type'' which is guaranteed to derive from both boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) and T. This makes it possible to use (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- mod="/":) to store additional information in the exception object. The exception can be intercepted as T &, so existing exception handling will not break. It can also be intercepted as boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) &, so that (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -72
-
-
- 2
- |more information can be added to the exception at a later time:).
+ :)
@@ -11221,63 +11365,81 @@
- 19
+ 332
- (:auto !!:)
Boost Exception responds to the following configuration macros:
'''BOOST_NO_RTTI'''\\
'''BOOST_NO_TYPEID'''
The first macro prevents Boost Exception from using dynamic_cast and dynamic typeid. If the second macro is also defined, Boost Exception does not use static typeid either. There are no observable degrading effects on the library functionality, except for the following:
->By default, the (:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
The (:link 10
- -63
+ -712
- :) function template can be called with any exception type. If BOOST_NO_RTTI is defined, (:link
+ :) function must not be called outside of a catch block.
!!!!Returns:
* An (:link 10
- -63
+ -792
- :) can be used only with objects of type boost::(:link
+ :) that refers to the currently handled exception or a copy of the currently handled exception.
* If the function needs to allocate memory and the attempt fails, it returns an (:link 10
- -17
+ -792
- :).
!!!!Note:
The library needs RTTI functionality. Disabling the language RTTI support enables an internal RTTI system, which may have more or less overhead depending on the platform.
'''BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE'''
By default, (:link
+ :) that refers to an instance of std::bad_alloc.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
!!!!Notes:
* It is unspecified whether the return values of two successive calls to (:link 10
- -37
+ -712
- :) and (:link
+ :) refer to the same exception object.
* Correct implementation of (:link 10
- -74
+ -712
- :) are integrated directly in the (:link
+ :) may require compiler support, unless (:link 10
- -11
+ -92
- :) function. Defining BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE disables this integration.
Note that on some non-conformant compilers, for example MSVC 7.0 and older, as well as BCC, BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is implicitly defined in (:link
+ :) was used at the time the currently handled exception object was passed to throw. Whenever
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ fails to properly copy the current exception object, it returns an
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ to an object of type that is as close as possible to the original exception type, using 10
@@ -11286,25 +11448,70 @@
2
- :).
'''BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS'''
This macro disables exception handling in Boost, forwarding all exceptions to a user-defined non-template version of boost::
+ as a final fallback. All such types derive from boost::10
- -11
+ -622
- . However, unless BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE is also defined, users can still examine the exception object for any data added at the point of the throw, or use boost::
+ , and:
** if the original exception object derives from boost::(:link 10
- -66
+ -622
- (of course under BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS, the user-defined boost::throw_exception is not allowed to return to the caller.)
+ :), then the boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) sub-object of the object referred to by the returned
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ is initialized by the boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -62
+
+
+ 2
+ :) copy constructor;
** if available, the exception contains the std::type_info of the original exception object, accessible through
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ <
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -54
+
+
+ 2
+ >.
@@ -11315,54 +11522,63 @@
- 11
+ 132
- (:auto !!:)
All exception types that derive from boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
* ErrorInfo must be an instance of the (:link 10
- -17
+ -102
- :) can be used as type-safe containers of arbitrary data objects, while complying with the no-throw requirements (15.5.1) of the ANSI C++ standard for exception types.
When exceptions derive from boost::(:link
+ :) template.
* E must be polymorphic.
!!!!Returns:
* If dynamic_cast<boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -622
- :), arbitrary data can be added to exception objects:
*At the point of the throw;
*At a later time as exceptions bubble up the call stack.
(:include
+ :) const *>(&x) is 0, or if x does not store an object of type ErrorInfo, the returned value is null.
* Otherwise, the returned pointer points to the stored value (use (:link 10
- -16
+ -802
- :)
(:include
+ mod="/":) to store values in exception objects.) When x is destroyed, any pointers returned by (:link 10
- -40
+ -722
- :)
(:include
+ :) become invalid.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
!!!!Note:
The interface of (:link 10
- -13
+ -722
- :)
+ :) may be affected by the build (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -45
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
@@ -11375,7 +11591,7 @@
12
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
This function must not be called outside of a catch block.
!!!!Returns:
A pointer of type E to the current exception object, or null if the current exception object can not be converted to E *.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
@@ -11386,27 +11602,36 @@
- 5
+ 72
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
T must be a class with an accessible no-throw copy constructor as per (15.5.1).
!!!!Returns:
* If T derives from boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is designed to be used as a standard (:link 10
- -17
+ -102
- :), the returned object is of type T and is a copy of x.
* Otherwise, the returned object is of an unspecified type that derives publicly from both T and boost::(:link
+ :) instance for transporting a relevant text file line number, for example in parse error exceptions deriving from boost::(:link 10
- -17
+ -622
- :). The T sub-object is initialized from x by the T copy constructor.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
+ :).
!!!Example:
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -55
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
@@ -11417,9 +11642,36 @@
- 1
+ 72
- (:auto !!:)
(:pagelist tags="macro":)
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This macro takes an exception object, records BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION, __FILE__ and __LINE__ in it, and forwards it to
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -63
+
+
+ 2
+ . To recover this information at the catch site, use
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -72
+
+
+ 2
+ ; the information is also included in the message returned by
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -51
+
+
+ 2
+ .
@@ -11430,27 +11682,9 @@
- 5
+ 12
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
E must be boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :), or a type that derives (indirectly) from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :).
!!!!Effects:
Equivalent to x << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<0>() << ... << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<N>().
!!!!Returns:
x.
(:include throws:)
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
@@ -11461,36 +11695,9 @@
- 7
+ 12
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include decl:)
!!!!Effects:
* Default constructor: initializes an empty boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) object.
* Copy constructor: initializes a boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) object which shares ownership with x of all data added through (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- mod="/":), including data that is added at a future time.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
@@ -11503,7 +11710,7 @@
12
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+ (:auto !!:)
(:pagelist tags="hpp" except_tags="noindex":)
@@ -11514,9 +11721,108 @@
- 37
+ 252
- (:auto !!!:)
When you catch an exception, you can call (:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
The (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) type can be used to refer to a copy of an exception object. It is Default Constructible, Copy Constructible, Assignable and Equality Comparable; (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :)'s operations do not throw.
The referenced object remains valid at least as long as there is an (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) object that refers to it.
Two instances of (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) are equivalent and compare equal if and only if they refer to the same exception.
The default constructor of (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) produces the null value of the type. The null value is equivalent only to itself.
!!!!Thread safety
* It is legal for multiple threads to hold (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) references to the same exception object.
* It is illegal for multiple threads to modify the same (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) object concurrently.
* While calling (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -71
+
+
+ 2
+ :) makes a copy of the current exception object, it is still possible for the two copies to share internal state. Therefore, in general it is not safe to call (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -15
+
+
+ 2
+ :) concurrently to throw the same exception object into multiple threads.
!!!!Nesting of exceptions:
An (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -79
+
+
+ 2
+ :) can be added as (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+
+ 2
+ :) to any boost::(:link 10
@@ -11525,160 +11831,7 @@
2
- :) to get an (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) object:
[@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -21
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <boost/thread.hpp>
#include <boost/bind.hpp>
void do_work(); //throws cloning-enabled boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :)s
void
worker_thread( boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) & error )
{
try
{
do_work();
error = boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :)();
}
catch(
... )
{
error = boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :)();
}
}@]
In the above example, note that (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :) captures the original type of the exception object. The exception can be thrown again using the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -30
-
-
- 2
- :) function:
[@// ...continued
void
work()
{
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) error;
boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|thread:) t( boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/bind/bind.html|bind:)(worker_thread,boost::(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/ref.html|ref:)(error)) );
t.(:link http://www.boost.org/doc/html/boost/thread.html|join:)();
if( error )
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -30
-
-
- 2
- :)(error);
}@]
Note that (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :) could fail to copy the original exception object in the following cases:
* if there is not enough memory, in which case the returned (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) points to an instance of std::bad_alloc, or
* if (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
- 2
- :) was not used in the throw-expression passed to the original throw statement and the current implementation does not have the necessary compiler-specific support to copy the exception automatically, in which case the returned (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -29
-
-
- 2
- :) points to an instance of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -59
-
-
- 2
- :).
Regardless, the use of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -62
-
-
- 2
- :) and (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -30
-
-
- 2
- :) in the above examples is well-formed.
+ :). This is a convenient way to nest exceptions. There is no limit on the depth of the nesting, however cyclic references result in undefined behavior.
@@ -11689,189 +11842,36 @@
- 41
+ 72
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
T must have accessible copy constructor and must not be a reference (there is no requirement that T's copy constructor does not throw.)
!!!!Description:
This class template is used to associate a Tag type with a value type T. Objects of type (:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
E must be boost::(:link 10
- -80
+ -622
- :)<Tag,T> can be passed to (:link
+ :), or a type that derives (indirectly) from boost::(:link 10
- -42
+ -622
- mod="/":) to be stored in objects of type boost::(:link
+ :).
!!!!Postcondition:
A copy of v is stored into x. If x already contains data of type (:link 10
- -17
+ -102
- :).
!!!!Usage:
The header <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -70
-
-
- 2
- :)> provides a declaration of the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) template, which is sufficient for the purpose of typedefing an instance for specific Tag and T, for example:
[@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -70
-
-
- 2
- :)>
struct tag_errno;
typedef boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :)<tag_errno,int> errno_info;@]
Or, the shorter equivalent:
[@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -70
-
-
- 2
- :)>
typedef boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;@]
This errno_info typedef can be passed to (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- mod="/":) (#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -18
-
-
- 2
- :)> first) to store an int named tag_errno in exceptions of types that derive from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :):
[@throw file_read_error() (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- |<<:) errno_info(errno);@]
It can also be passed to (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- :) (#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -20
-
-
- 2
- :)> first) to retrieve the tag_errno int from a boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :):
[@catch( boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) & x )
{
if( int const * e=boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -63
-
-
- 2
- :)<errno_info>(x) )
....
}@]
For convenience and uniformity, Boost Exception defines the following commonly used (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -80
-
-
- 2
- :) typedefs, ready for use with (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- mod="/":):
(:pagelist tags="error_info_instance":)
+ :)<Tag,T>, that data is overwritten. Basic exception safety guarantee.
!!!!Returns:
x.
(:include throws:)
@@ -11896,7 +11896,9 @@
- 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ !!!!Throws:
std::bad_alloc, or any exception emitted by T1..TN copy constructor.
@@ -11932,6 +11934,17 @@
0
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -9
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ 0
@@ -12057,7 +12070,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -24
@@ -12086,17 +12099,6 @@
0
-
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
-
- 0
-
- 0
@@ -12152,6 +12154,17 @@
0
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -21
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ 0
@@ -12292,9 +12305,7 @@
- 1
- 2
- !!!!Throws:
std::bad_alloc, or any exception emitted by the T copy constructor.
+ 0
@@ -12349,9 +12360,7 @@
- 1
- 2
- !!!!Throws:
Any exception emitted by v's copy constructor.
+ 0
@@ -12461,7 +12470,9 @@
- 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ !!!!Throws:
Any exception emitted by v's copy constructor.
@@ -12607,17 +12618,6 @@
0
-
-
- 0
-
- -9
-
-
-
- 0
-
- 0
@@ -12681,9 +12681,7 @@
- 1
- 2
- !!!!Throws:
std::bad_alloc, or any exception emitted by T1..TN copy constructor.
+ 0
@@ -12727,7 +12725,9 @@
- 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ !!!!Throws:
std::bad_alloc, or any exception emitted by the T copy constructor.
@@ -12752,7 +12752,27 @@
- 0
+ 5
+ 2
+ `#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -43
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@namespace
boost
{
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -5
+
+
+ 2
+ decl pre_indent="4":)
}@]
@@ -12774,7 +12794,9 @@
- 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ [@namespace
boost
{
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
}@]
@@ -12792,38 +12814,29 @@
0
- -10
+ -9
- 5
+ 32
- `#include <(:link
+ `#include <10
- -34
+ -302
- :)>
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -34
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
+ >
[@namespace
boost
{
(:include decl pre_indent="4":)
}@]
0
- -11
+ -10
@@ -12834,11 +12847,22 @@
0
- -46
+ -292
- :)>
[@namespace
boost
{
(:include decl:)
}@]
+ :)>
[@namespace
boost
{
(:include def pre_indent="4":)
}@]
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -11
+
+
+
+ 0
@@ -12849,7 +12873,27 @@
- 0
+ 5
+ 2
+ `#include <
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -47
+
+
+ 2
+ >
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -47
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
@@ -12873,16 +12917,16 @@
32
- `#include <(:link
+ [@#include <10
- -51
+ -442
- :)>\\
[@namespace
boost
{
(:include decl pre_indent="4":)
}@]
+ >
#include <errno.h>
namespace
boost
{
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
}@]
@@ -12893,9 +12937,18 @@
- 1
+ 32
- [@(:include api:)@]
+ `#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -60
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@namespace
boost
{
(:include decl pre_indent="4":)
}@]
@@ -12924,11 +12977,11 @@
0
- -78
+ -292
- :)>
[@namespace
boost
{
(:include def pre_indent="4":)
}@]
+ :)>
[@(:include decl:)@]
@@ -12939,18 +12992,27 @@
- 3
+ 52
- [@#include <(:link
+ `#include <10
- -78
+ -762
- :)>
namespace
boost
{
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
}@]
+ >
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -76
+
+
+ 2
+ synopsis:)
@@ -12961,7 +13023,9 @@
- 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ (:include api:)
@@ -12972,31 +13036,18 @@
- 1
- 2
- [@#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
namespace
boost
{
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
}@]
+ 00
- -21
+ -24
- 3
- 2
- [@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -78
-
-
- 2
- :)>
namespace
boost
{
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
}@]
+ 0
@@ -13021,37 +13072,6 @@
0
-
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
-
- 5
- 2
- `#include <
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -45
-
-
- 2
- >
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -45
-
-
- 2
- synopsis:)
-
- 0
@@ -13060,18 +13080,7 @@
- 3
- 2
- `#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -18
-
-
- 2
- :)>
[@(:include decl:)@]
+ 0
@@ -13084,25 +13093,25 @@
52
- `#include <(:link
+ [@#include <(:link 10
- -54
+ -442
- :)>
(:include
+ :)>
namespace
boost
{
(:include 10
- -54
+ -792
- synopsis:)
+ decl pre_indent="4":)
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
}@]
@@ -13124,7 +13133,9 @@
- 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ [@(:include api:)@]
@@ -13137,16 +13148,27 @@
32
- `#include <(:link
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@@ -16348,7 +16393,7 @@
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@@ -16366,7 +16411,7 @@
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@@ -16465,7 +16465,7 @@
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@@ -16483,7 +16483,7 @@
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@@ -16492,7 +16492,16 @@
-32
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diff --git a/include/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr.hpp b/include/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr.hpp
index 2e5febe..b9d7360 100644
--- a/include/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr.hpp
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ boost
void rethrow_exception( exception_ptr const & );
class
- exception_ptr:
- public exception_detail::exception_ptr_base
+ exception_ptr
{
typedef bool exception_ptr::*unspecified_bool_type;
friend exception_ptr current_exception();
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ boost
}
void
- _rethrow() const
+ rethrow() const
{
BOOST_ASSERT(*this);
if( bad_alloc_ )
@@ -82,7 +81,7 @@ boost
}
bool
- _empty() const
+ empty() const
{
return !bad_alloc_ && !c_;
}
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ boost
operator unspecified_bool_type() const
{
- return _empty() ? 0 : &exception_ptr::bad_alloc_;
+ return empty() ? 0 : &exception_ptr::bad_alloc_;
}
friend
@@ -443,7 +442,24 @@ boost
void
rethrow_exception( exception_ptr const & p )
{
- p._rethrow();
+ p.rethrow();
+ }
+
+ inline
+ std::string
+ diagnostic_information( exception_ptr const & p )
+ {
+ if( p )
+ try
+ {
+ rethrow_exception(p);
+ }
+ catch(
+ ... )
+ {
+ return current_exception_diagnostic_information();
+ }
+ return "";
}
inline
diff --git a/include/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr_base.hpp b/include/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr_base.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f605fb3..0000000
--- a/include/boost/exception/detail/exception_ptr_base.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-//Copyright (c) 2006-2009 Emil Dotchevski and Reverge Studios, Inc.
-
-//Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
-//file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
-
-#ifndef UUID_DC4208C6417811DEBF11E1EC55D89593
-#define UUID_DC4208C6417811DEBF11E1EC55D89593
-
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(BOOST_EXCEPTION_ENABLE_WARNINGS)
-#pragma GCC system_header
-#endif
-
-namespace
-boost
- {
- namespace
- exception_detail
- {
- class
- exception_ptr_base
- {
- public:
-
- virtual void _rethrow() const=0;
- virtual bool _empty() const=0;
-
- protected:
-
- ~exception_ptr_base() throw()
- {
- }
- };
- }
- }
-
-#endif
diff --git a/include/boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp b/include/boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp
index a88c368..0023f85 100644
--- a/include/boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/exception/diagnostic_information.hpp
@@ -12,13 +12,37 @@
#include
#include
-#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#include
+namespace
+boost
+ {
+ namespace
+ exception_detail
+ {
+ std::string diagnostic_information_impl( boost::exception const *, std::exception const *, bool );
+ }
+
+ inline
+ std::string
+ current_exception_diagnostic_information()
+ {
+ boost::exception const * be=current_exception_cast();
+ std::exception const * se=current_exception_cast();
+ if( be || se )
+ return exception_detail::diagnostic_information_impl(be,se,true);
+ else
+ return "No diagnostic information available.";
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
namespace
boost
{
@@ -27,7 +51,7 @@ boost
{
template
struct
- enable_boost_exception_overload
+ is_convertible_to_boost_exception
{
struct yes { char q[100]; };
typedef char no;
@@ -38,13 +62,13 @@ boost
template
struct
- enable_std_exception_overload
+ is_convertible_to_std_exception
{
struct yes { char q[100]; };
typedef char no;
static yes check(std::exception const *);
static no check(...);
- enum e { value = !enable_boost_exception_overload::value && sizeof(check((T*)0))==sizeof(yes) };
+ enum e { value = sizeof(check((T*)0))==sizeof(yes) };
};
inline
@@ -70,12 +94,13 @@ boost
std::string
diagnostic_information_impl( boost::exception const * be, std::exception const * se, bool with_what )
{
- BOOST_ASSERT(be||se);
+ if( !be && !se )
+ return "Unknown exception.";
#ifndef BOOST_NO_RTTI
- if( !se )
- se = dynamic_cast(be);
if( !be )
- be = dynamic_cast(se);
+ be=dynamic_cast(se);
+ if( !se )
+ se=dynamic_cast(be);
#endif
char const * wh=0;
if( with_what && se )
@@ -115,19 +140,12 @@ boost
}
template
- inline
- typename enable_if,std::string>::type
+ std::string
diagnostic_information( T const & e )
{
- return exception_detail::diagnostic_information_impl(&e,0,true);
- }
-
- template
- inline
- typename enable_if,std::string>::type
- diagnostic_information( T const & e )
- {
- return exception_detail::diagnostic_information_impl(0,&e,true);
+ boost::exception const * be=exception_detail::is_convertible_to_boost_exception::value?((boost::exception const *)&e):0;
+ std::exception const * se=exception_detail::is_convertible_to_std_exception::value?((std::exception const *)&e):0;
+ return exception_detail::diagnostic_information_impl(be,se,true);
}
inline
@@ -152,40 +170,4 @@ boost
}
}
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
-#include
-namespace
-boost
- {
- inline
- std::string
- current_exception_diagnostic_information()
- {
- boost::exception const * be=current_exception_cast();
- std::exception const * se=current_exception_cast();
- if( be || se )
- return exception_detail::diagnostic_information_impl(be,se,true);
- else
- return "No diagnostic information available.";
- }
-
- inline
- std::string
- diagnostic_information( exception_detail::exception_ptr_base const & p )
- {
- if( !p._empty() )
- try
- {
- p._rethrow();
- }
- catch(
- ... )
- {
- return current_exception_diagnostic_information();
- }
- return "";
- }
- }
-#endif
-
#endif
diff --git a/test/no_exceptions_test.cpp b/test/no_exceptions_test.cpp
index ecdb03f..568a003 100644
--- a/test/no_exceptions_test.cpp
+++ b/test/no_exceptions_test.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,18 @@
#include
#include
-struct my_exception: boost::exception, std::exception { };
+struct
+my_exception:
+ boost::exception,
+ std::exception
+ {
+ char const *
+ what() const throw()
+ {
+ return "my_exception";
+ }
+ };
+
typedef boost::error_info my_int;
bool called=false;