Compare commits

...

4 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
0988b4c394 docs: updated gotchas section 2016-09-17 01:49:30 +02:00
ade083128f Merge pull request #23 from a-n-t-h-o-n-y/Fix2
Fix emplace Signature
2016-09-17 01:37:14 +02:00
0035e60b1b Merge pull request #22 from a-n-t-h-o-n-y/Fix1
Fix Operator!= none_t Return Statement
2016-09-17 01:34:43 +02:00
5662f55ccf Trac #12179 2016-09-02 02:07:26 +02:00
24 changed files with 481 additions and 94 deletions

View File

@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ This is how you solve it with `boost::optional`:
[include 14_io.qbk]
[include 15_optional_references.qbk]
[include 16_in_place_factories.qbk]
[include 17_optional_bool.qbk]
[include 17_gotchas.qbk]
[include 18_exception_safety.qbk]
[include 19_type_requirements.qbk]
[include 1A_on_performance.qbk]

111
doc/17_gotchas.qbk Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
[section Gotchas]
[section A note about optional<bool>]
`optional<bool>` should be used with special caution and consideration.
First, it is functionally similar to a tristate boolean (false, maybe, true)
—such as __BOOST_TRIBOOL__— except that in a tristate boolean, the maybe state
[_represents a valid value], unlike the corresponding state of an uninitialized
`optional<bool>`.
It should be carefully considered if an `optional<bool>` instead of a `tribool`
is really needed.
Second, although `optional<>` provides a contextual conversion to `bool` in C++11,
this falls back to an implicit conversion on older compilers. This conversion refers
to the initialization state and not to the contained value. Using `optional<bool>`
can lead to subtle errors due to the implicit `bool` conversion:
void foo ( bool v ) ;
void bar()
{
optional<bool> v = try();
// The following intended to pass the value of 'v' to foo():
foo(v);
// But instead, the initialization state is passed
// due to a typo: it should have been foo(*v).
}
The only implicit conversion is to `bool`, and it is safe in the sense that
typical integral promotions don't apply (i.e. if `foo()` takes an `int`
instead, it won't compile).
Third, mixed comparisons with `bool` work differently than similar mixed comparisons between pointers and `bool`, so the results might surprise you:
optional<bool> oEmpty(none), oTrue(true), oFalse(false);
if (oEmpty == none); // renders true
if (oEmpty == false); // renders false!
if (oEmpty == true); // renders false!
if (oFalse == none); // renders false
if (oFalse == false); // renders true!
if (oFalse == true); // renders false
if (oTrue == none); // renders false
if (oTrue == false); // renders false
if (oTrue == true); // renders true
In other words, for `optional<>`, the following assertion does not hold:
assert((opt == false) == (!opt));
[endsect]
[section Moved-from `optional`]
When an optional object that contains a value is moved from (is a source of move constructor or assignment) it still contains a value and its contained value is left in a moved-from state. This can be illustrated with the following example.
optional<std::unique_ptr<int>> opi {std::make_unique<int>(1)};
optional<std::unique_ptr<int>> opj = std::move(opi);
assert (opi);
assert (*opi == nullptr);
Quite a lot of people expect that when an object that contains a value is moved from, its contained value should be destroyed. This is not so, for performance reasons. Current semantics allow the implementation of `boost::opiotnal<T>` to be trivially copyable when `T` is trivial.
[endsect]
[section Mixed relational comparisons]
Because `T` is convertible to `optional<T>` and because `opiotnal<T>` is __SGI_LESS_THAN_COMPARABLE__ when `T` is __SGI_LESS_THAN_COMPARABLE__,
you can sometimes get an unexpected runtime result where you would rather expect a compiler error:
optional<double> Flight_plan::weight(); // sometimes no weight can be returned
bool is_aircraft_too_heavy(Flight_plan const& p)
{
return p.weight() > p.aircraft().max_weight(); // compiles!
} // returns false when the optional contains no value
[endsect]
[section False positive with -Wmaybe-uninitialized]
Sometimes on GCC compilers below version 5.1 you may get an -Wmaybe-uninitialized warning when copiling with option -02 on a perfectly valid `boost::optional` usage. For instance in this program:
#include <boost/optional.hpp>
boost::optional<int> getitem();
int main(int argc, const char *[])
{
boost::optional<int> a = getitem();
boost::optional<int> b;
if (argc > 0)
b = argc;
if (a != b)
return 1;
return 0;
}
This is a bug in the compiler. As a workaround (provided in [@http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21755206/how-to-get-around-gcc-void-b-4-may-be-used-uninitialized-in-this-funct this Stack Overflow question]) use the following way of initializing an optional containing no value:
boost::optional<int> b = std::make_optional(false, int());
This is obviously redundant, but makes the warning disappear.
[endsect]
[endsect]

View File

@ -1,52 +0,0 @@

[section A note about optional<bool>]
`optional<bool>` should be used with special caution and consideration.
First, it is functionally similar to a tristate boolean (false, maybe, true)
—such as __BOOST_TRIBOOL__— except that in a tristate boolean, the maybe state
[_represents a valid value], unlike the corresponding state of an uninitialized
`optional<bool>`.
It should be carefully considered if an `optional<bool>` instead of a `tribool`
is really needed.
Second, although `optional<>` provides a contextual conversion to `bool` in C++11,
this falls back to an implicit conversion on older compilers. This conversion refers
to the initialization state and not to the contained value. Using `optional<bool>`
can lead to subtle errors due to the implicit `bool` conversion:
void foo ( bool v ) ;
void bar()
{
optional<bool> v = try();
// The following intended to pass the value of 'v' to foo():
foo(v);
// But instead, the initialization state is passed
// due to a typo: it should have been foo(*v).
}
The only implicit conversion is to `bool`, and it is safe in the sense that
typical integral promotions don't apply (i.e. if `foo()` takes an `int`
instead, it won't compile).
Third, mixed comparisons with `bool` work differently than similar mixed comparisons between pointers and `bool`, so the results might surprise you:
optional<bool> oEmpty(none), oTrue(true), oFalse(false);
if (oEmpty == none); // renders true
if (oEmpty == false); // renders false!
if (oEmpty == true); // renders false!
if (oFalse == none); // renders false
if (oFalse == false); // renders true!
if (oFalse == true); // renders false
if (oTrue == none); // renders false
if (oTrue == false); // renders false
if (oTrue == true); // renders true
In other words, for `optional<>`, the following assertion does not hold:
assert((opt == false) == (!opt));
[endsect]

View File

@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Given type `optional<int>`, and assuming that `sizeof(int) == 4`, we will get `s
[$images/opt_align1.png]
This means you can fit twice as many `int`s as `optional<int>`s into the same space of memory. Therefore, if the size of the objects is critical for your application (e.g., because you want to utilize your CPU cache in order to gain performance) and you have determined you are willing to trade the code clarity, it is recommended that you simply go with type `int` and use some 'magic value' to represent ['not-an-int].
This means you can fit twice as many `int`s as `optional<int>`s into the same space of memory. Therefore, if the size of the objects is critical for your application (e.g., because you want to utilize your CPU cache in order to gain performance) and you have determined you are willing to trade the code clarity, it is recommended that you simply go with type `int` and use some 'magic value' to represent ['not-an-int], or use something like [@https://github.com/akrzemi1/markable `markable`] library.
Even if you cannot spare any value of `int` to represent ['not-an-int] (e.g., because every value is useful, or you do want to signal ['not-an-int] explicitly), at least for `Trivial` types you should consider storing the value and the `bool` flag representing the ['null-state] separately. Consider the following class:

View File

@ -120,7 +120,7 @@
template<class U> optional& operator = ( optional<U>&& rhs ) ; ``[link reference_optional_operator_move_equal_other_optional __GO_TO__]``
template<class... Args> void emplace ( Args...&& args ) ; ``[link reference_optional_emplace __GO_TO__]``
template<class... Args> void emplace ( Args&&... args ) ; ``[link reference_optional_emplace __GO_TO__]``
template<class InPlaceFactory> optional& operator = ( InPlaceFactory const& f ) ; ``[link reference_optional_operator_equal_factory __GO_TO__]``

View File

@ -446,7 +446,7 @@ __SPACE__
[#reference_optional_emplace]
[: `template<class... Args> void optional<T>::emplace( Args...&& args );`]
[: `template<class... Args> void optional<T>::emplace( Args&&... args );`]
* [*Requires:] The compiler supports rvalue references and variadic templates.
* [*Effect:] If `*this` is initialized calls `*this = none`.
@ -770,6 +770,7 @@ __SPACE__
[: `template<class R> optional<T&>::optional(R&& r) noexcept;`]
* [*Postconditions:] `bool(*this) == true`; `addressof(**this) == addressof(r)`.
* [*Remarks:] Unless `R` is an lvalue reference, the program is ill-formed. This constructor does not participate in overload resolution if `decay<R>` is an instance of `boost::optional`.
* [*Notes:] This constructor is declared `explicit` on compilers that do not correctly suport binding to const lvalues of integral types. For more details [link optional_reference_binding see here].
* [*Example:]
``
T v;
@ -1181,7 +1182,7 @@ __SPACE__
[: `bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, none_t ) noexcept;`]
[: `bool operator != ( none_t, optional<T> const& x ) noexcept;`]
* [*Returns: ] `!( x == y );`
* [*Returns: ] `bool(x);`
__SPACE__
@ -1268,4 +1269,4 @@ assert ( !optX );
assert (addressof(*opt0) == addressof(y));
``
[endsect]
[endsect]

View File

@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ The implementation uses the following other Boost modules:
[endsect]
[section Optional Reference Binding]
[section Optional Reference Binding][#optional_reference_binding]
A number of compilers incorrectly treat const lvalues of integral type as rvalues, and create an illegal temporary when binding to an lvalue reference to const in some expressions. This could result in creating an optional lvalue reference that is in fact bound to an unexpected temporary rather than to the intended object. In order to prevent hard to find run-time bugs, this library performs compile-time checks to prevent expressions that would otherwise bind an optional reference to an unexpected temporary. As a consequence, on certain compilers certain pieces of functionality in optional references are missing. In order to maintain a portability of your code across diferent compilers, it is recommended that you only stick to the minimum portable interface of optional references: prefer direct-initialization and copy assignment of optional references to copy-initialization and assignment from `T&`:

View File

@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
[section:relnotes Release Notes]
[heading Boost Release 1.62]
* Fixed [@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/12179 Trac #12179].
[heading Boost Release 1.61]
* Now `boost::optional` is specialized for reference parameters. This addresses a couple of issues:

View File

@ -28,18 +28,19 @@
Reference Binding</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
A number of compilers incorrectly treat const lvalues of integral type as
rvalues, and create an illegal temporary when binding to an lvalue reference
to const in some expressions. This could result in creating an optional lvalue
reference that is in fact bound to an unexpected temporary rather than to
the intended object. In order to prevent hard to find run-time bugs, this
library performs compile-time checks to prevent expressions that would otherwise
bind an optional reference to an unexpected temporary. As a consequence,
on certain compilers certain pieces of functionality in optional references
are missing. In order to maintain a portability of your code across diferent
compilers, it is recommended that you only stick to the minimum portable
interface of optional references: prefer direct-initialization and copy assignment
of optional references to copy-initialization and assignment from <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>:
<a name="optional_reference_binding"></a>A number of compilers incorrectly
treat const lvalues of integral type as rvalues, and create an illegal temporary
when binding to an lvalue reference to const in some expressions. This could
result in creating an optional lvalue reference that is in fact bound to
an unexpected temporary rather than to the intended object. In order to prevent
hard to find run-time bugs, this library performs compile-time checks to
prevent expressions that would otherwise bind an optional reference to an
unexpected temporary. As a consequence, on certain compilers certain pieces
of functionality in optional references are missing. In order to maintain
a portability of your code across diferent compilers, it is recommended that
you only stick to the minimum portable interface of optional references:
prefer direct-initialization and copy assignment of optional references to
copy-initialization and assignment from <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">i</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">or1</span><span class="special">;</span>

View File

@ -268,9 +268,7 @@
<span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">noexcept</span><span class="special">;</span></code>
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
<span class="bold"><strong>Returns: </strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">!(</span>
<span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">==</span>
<span class="identifier">y</span> <span class="special">);</span></code>
<span class="bold"><strong>Returns: </strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span></code>
</li></ul></div>
<p>
<span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../../images/space.png" alt="space"></span>

View File

@ -55,6 +55,12 @@
is an lvalue reference, the program is ill-formed. This constructor
does not participate in overload resolution if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">decay</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">R</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> is an instance of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span></code>.
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="bold"><strong>Notes:</strong></span> This constructor is declared
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">explicit</span></code> on compilers
that do not correctly suport binding to const lvalues of integral types.
For more details <a class="link" href="../../dependencies_and_portability/optional_reference_binding.html#optional_reference_binding">see here</a>.
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<span class="bold"><strong>Example:</strong></span>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">;</span>

View File

@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@
</p>
<a name="reference_optional_emplace"></a><div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span><span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">emplace</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span><span class="special">...&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">args</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">emplace</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span><span class="special">&amp;&amp;...</span> <span class="identifier">args</span>
<span class="special">);</span></code>
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">

View File

@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">&gt;&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">rhs</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span> <a class="link" href="detailed_semantics___optional_values.html#reference_optional_operator_move_equal_other_optional"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../../images/callouts/R.png" alt="R"></span></a>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span><span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">emplace</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span><span class="special">...&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">args</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span> <a class="link" href="detailed_semantics___optional_values.html#reference_optional_emplace"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../../images/callouts/R.png" alt="R"></span></a>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span><span class="special">...</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">emplace</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">Args</span><span class="special">&amp;&amp;...</span> <span class="identifier">args</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span> <a class="link" href="detailed_semantics___optional_values.html#reference_optional_emplace"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../../images/callouts/R.png" alt="R"></span></a>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">InPlaceFactory</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">InPlaceFactory</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">f</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span> <a class="link" href="detailed_semantics___optional_values.html#reference_optional_operator_equal_factory"><span class="inlinemediaobject"><img src="../../../images/callouts/R.png" alt="R"></span></a>

View File

@ -28,6 +28,14 @@
</h2></div></div></div>
<h4>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h0"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_62"></a></span><a class="link" href="relnotes.html#boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_62">Boost
Release 1.62</a>
</h4>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
Fixed <a href="https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/12179" target="_top">Trac #12179</a>.
</li></ul></div>
<h4>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h1"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_61"></a></span><a class="link" href="relnotes.html#boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_61">Boost
Release 1.61</a>
</h4>
@ -70,7 +78,7 @@
</li>
</ul></div>
<h4>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h1"></a>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h2"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_60"></a></span><a class="link" href="relnotes.html#boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_60">Boost
Release 1.60</a>
</h4>
@ -81,7 +89,7 @@
#11203</a>.
</li></ul></div>
<h4>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h2"></a>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h3"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_59"></a></span><a class="link" href="relnotes.html#boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_59">Boost
Release 1.59</a>
</h4>
@ -95,7 +103,7 @@
</li>
</ul></div>
<h4>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h3"></a>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h4"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_58"></a></span><a class="link" href="relnotes.html#boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_58">Boost
Release 1.58</a>
</h4>
@ -131,7 +139,7 @@
</li>
</ul></div>
<h4>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h4"></a>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h5"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_57"></a></span><a class="link" href="relnotes.html#boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_57">Boost
Release 1.57</a>
</h4>
@ -141,7 +149,7 @@
to fix C++03 compile error on <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">logic_error</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"..."</span><span class="special">)</span></code>"</em></span>.
</li></ul></div>
<h4>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h5"></a>
<a name="boost_optional.relnotes.h6"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_56"></a></span><a class="link" href="relnotes.html#boost_optional.relnotes.boost_release_1_56">Boost
Release 1.56</a>
</h4>

View File

@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
<link rel="home" href="../../index.html" title="Boost.Optional">
<link rel="up" href="../../optional/tutorial.html" title="Tutorial">
<link rel="prev" href="a_note_about_optional_bool_.html" title="A note about optional&lt;bool&gt;">
<link rel="prev" href="gotchas/false_positive_with__wmaybe_uninitialized.html" title="False positive with -Wmaybe-uninitialized">
<link rel="next" href="type_requirements.html" title="Type requirements">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="a_note_about_optional_bool_.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="type_requirements.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
<a accesskey="p" href="gotchas/false_positive_with__wmaybe_uninitialized.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="type_requirements.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="a_note_about_optional_bool_.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="type_requirements.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
<a accesskey="p" href="gotchas/false_positive_with__wmaybe_uninitialized.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="type_requirements.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<title>Gotchas</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
<link rel="home" href="../../index.html" title="Boost.Optional">
<link rel="up" href="../../optional/tutorial.html" title="Tutorial">
<link rel="prev" href="in_place_factories.html" title="In-Place Factories">
<link rel="next" href="gotchas/moved_from__optional_.html" title="Moved-from optional">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/people.html">People</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/faq.html">FAQ</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="in_place_factories.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="gotchas/moved_from__optional_.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_optional.tutorial.gotchas"></a><a class="link" href="gotchas.html" title="Gotchas">Gotchas</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="boost_optional.tutorial.gotchas.a_note_about_optional_bool_"></a><a class="link" href="gotchas.html#boost_optional.tutorial.gotchas.a_note_about_optional_bool_" title="A note about optional&lt;bool&gt;">A
note about optional&lt;bool&gt;</a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
should be used with special caution and consideration.
</p>
<p>
First, it is functionally similar to a tristate boolean (false, maybe,
true) &#8212;such as <a href="../../../../../../doc/html/tribool.html" target="_top">boost::tribool</a>&#8212;
except that in a tristate boolean, the maybe state <span class="underline">represents
a valid value</span>, unlike the corresponding state of an uninitialized
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>.
It should be carefully considered if an <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> instead of a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">tribool</span></code>
is really needed.
</p>
<p>
Second, although <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> provides a contextual conversion
to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code> in C++11, this falls
back to an implicit conversion on older compilers. This conversion refers
to the initialization state and not to the contained value. Using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
can lead to subtle errors due to the implicit <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>
conversion:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">foo</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">v</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">bar</span><span class="special">()</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">v</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="keyword">try</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="comment">// The following intended to pass the value of 'v' to foo():</span>
<span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="comment">// But instead, the initialization state is passed</span>
<span class="comment">// due to a typo: it should have been foo(*v).</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
<p>
The only implicit conversion is to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>,
and it is safe in the sense that typical integral promotions don't apply
(i.e. if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">()</span></code>
takes an <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code> instead, it won't
compile).
</p>
<p>
Third, mixed comparisons with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>
work differently than similar mixed comparisons between pointers and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>, so the results might surprise you:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">oEmpty</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">none</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">oTrue</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">true</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">oFalse</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">false</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">oEmpty</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">none</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// renders true</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">oEmpty</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">false</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// renders false!</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">oEmpty</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">true</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// renders false!</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">oFalse</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">none</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// renders false</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">oFalse</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">false</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// renders true!</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">oFalse</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">true</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// renders false</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">oTrue</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">none</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// renders false</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">oTrue</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">false</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// renders false</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">oTrue</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">true</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// renders true</span>
</pre>
<p>
In other words, for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code>, the following assertion does not
hold:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">assert</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">opt</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">false</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="special">(!</span><span class="identifier">opt</span><span class="special">));</span>
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<br>Copyright &#169; 2014-2016 Andrzej Krzemie&#324;ski<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
</div></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="in_place_factories.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="gotchas/moved_from__optional_.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<title>False positive with -Wmaybe-uninitialized</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
<link rel="home" href="../../../index.html" title="Boost.Optional">
<link rel="up" href="../gotchas.html" title="Gotchas">
<link rel="prev" href="mixed_relational_comparisons.html" title="Mixed relational comparisons">
<link rel="next" href="../exception_safety_guarantees.html" title="Exception Safety Guarantees">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/people.html">People</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/faq.html">FAQ</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="mixed_relational_comparisons.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="../exception_safety_guarantees.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="boost_optional.tutorial.gotchas.false_positive_with__wmaybe_uninitialized"></a><a class="link" href="false_positive_with__wmaybe_uninitialized.html" title="False positive with -Wmaybe-uninitialized">False
positive with -Wmaybe-uninitialized</a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Sometimes on GCC compilers below version 5.1 you may get an -Wmaybe-uninitialized
warning when copiling with option -02 on a perfectly valid <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span></code> usage. For instance in this
program:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">getitem</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">argc</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="special">*[])</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">a</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">getitem</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">argc</span> <span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">argc</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span> <span class="special">!=</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
<p>
This is a bug in the compiler. As a workaround (provided in <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21755206/how-to-get-around-gcc-void-b-4-may-be-used-uninitialized-in-this-funct" target="_top">this
Stack Overflow question</a>) use the following way of initializing
an optional containing no value:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">b</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">make_optional</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">false</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">());</span>
</pre>
<p>
This is obviously redundant, but makes the warning disappear.
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<br>Copyright &#169; 2014-2016 Andrzej Krzemie&#324;ski<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
</div></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="mixed_relational_comparisons.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="../exception_safety_guarantees.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<title>Mixed relational comparisons</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
<link rel="home" href="../../../index.html" title="Boost.Optional">
<link rel="up" href="../gotchas.html" title="Gotchas">
<link rel="prev" href="moved_from__optional_.html" title="Moved-from optional">
<link rel="next" href="false_positive_with__wmaybe_uninitialized.html" title="False positive with -Wmaybe-uninitialized">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/people.html">People</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/faq.html">FAQ</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="moved_from__optional_.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="false_positive_with__wmaybe_uninitialized.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="boost_optional.tutorial.gotchas.mixed_relational_comparisons"></a><a class="link" href="mixed_relational_comparisons.html" title="Mixed relational comparisons">Mixed
relational comparisons</a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Because <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is convertible
to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
and because <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">opiotnal</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
is <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/LessThanComparable.html" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">LessThanComparable</span></code></a> when <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/LessThanComparable.html" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">LessThanComparable</span></code></a>, you can sometimes
get an unexpected runtime result where you would rather expect a compiler
error:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">Flight_plan</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">weight</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="comment">// sometimes no weight can be returned</span>
<span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">is_aircraft_too_heavy</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Flight_plan</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">weight</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">aircraft</span><span class="special">().</span><span class="identifier">max_weight</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="comment">// compiles!</span>
<span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// returns false when the optional contains no value </span>
</pre>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<br>Copyright &#169; 2014-2016 Andrzej Krzemie&#324;ski<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
</div></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="moved_from__optional_.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="false_positive_with__wmaybe_uninitialized.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
<title>Moved-from optional</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css">
<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.78.1">
<link rel="home" href="../../../index.html" title="Boost.Optional">
<link rel="up" href="../gotchas.html" title="Gotchas">
<link rel="prev" href="../gotchas.html" title="Gotchas">
<link rel="next" href="mixed_relational_comparisons.html" title="Mixed relational comparisons">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
<td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../../boost.png"></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/people.html">People</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://www.boost.org/users/faq.html">FAQ</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="../gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="mixed_relational_comparisons.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="boost_optional.tutorial.gotchas.moved_from__optional_"></a><a class="link" href="moved_from__optional_.html" title="Moved-from optional">Moved-from
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">optional</span></code></a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
When an optional object that contains a value is moved from (is a source
of move constructor or assignment) it still contains a value and its contained
value is left in a moved-from state. This can be illustrated with the following
example.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">unique_ptr</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">opi</span> <span class="special">{</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">make_unique</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">)};</span>
<span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">unique_ptr</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">opj</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">move</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">opi</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">opi</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">assert</span> <span class="special">(*</span><span class="identifier">opi</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="keyword">nullptr</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
Quite a lot of people expect that when an object that contains a value
is moved from, its contained value should be destroyed. This is not so,
for performance reasons. Current semantics allow the implementation of
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">opiotnal</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
to be trivially copyable when <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
is trivial.
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright &#169; 2003-2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal<br>Copyright &#169; 2014-2016 Andrzej Krzemie&#324;ski<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
</div></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="../gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="mixed_relational_comparisons.html"><img src="../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

View File

@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
<link rel="home" href="../../index.html" title="Boost.Optional">
<link rel="up" href="../../optional/tutorial.html" title="Tutorial">
<link rel="prev" href="optional_references/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html" title="Rebinding semantics for assignment of optional references">
<link rel="next" href="a_note_about_optional_bool_.html" title="A note about optional&lt;bool&gt;">
<link rel="next" href="gotchas.html" title="Gotchas">
</head>
<body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF">
<table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr>
@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="optional_references/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="a_note_about_optional_bool_.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
<a accesskey="p" href="optional_references/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
@ -191,7 +191,7 @@
</tr></table>
<hr>
<div class="spirit-nav">
<a accesskey="p" href="optional_references/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="a_note_about_optional_bool_.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
<a accesskey="p" href="optional_references/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../../optional/tutorial.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="gotchas.html"><img src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

View File

@ -67,7 +67,7 @@
for your application (e.g., because you want to utilize your CPU cache in
order to gain performance) and you have determined you are willing to trade
the code clarity, it is recommended that you simply go with type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code> and use some 'magic value' to represent
<span class="emphasis"><em>not-an-int</em></span>.
<span class="emphasis"><em>not-an-int</em></span>, or use something like <a href="https://github.com/akrzemi1/markable" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">markable</span></code></a> library.
</p>
<p>
Even if you cannot spare any value of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>

View File

@ -64,8 +64,7 @@
references</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_optional/tutorial/in_place_factories.html">In-Place
Factories</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_optional/tutorial/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html">A
note about optional&lt;bool&gt;</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_optional/tutorial/gotchas.html">Gotchas</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_optional/tutorial/exception_safety_guarantees.html">Exception
Safety Guarantees</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_optional/tutorial/type_requirements.html">Type requirements</a></span></dt>
@ -144,7 +143,7 @@
</div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"><p><small>Last revised: March 06, 2016 at 18:30:08 GMT</small></p></td>
<td align="left"><p><small>Last revised: September 16, 2016 at 23:43:36 GMT</small></p></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"></div></td>
</tr></table>
<hr>

View File

@ -38,8 +38,7 @@
references</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="../boost_optional/tutorial/in_place_factories.html">In-Place
Factories</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="../boost_optional/tutorial/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html">A
note about optional&lt;bool&gt;</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="../boost_optional/tutorial/gotchas.html">Gotchas</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="../boost_optional/tutorial/exception_safety_guarantees.html">Exception
Safety Guarantees</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="../boost_optional/tutorial/type_requirements.html">Type requirements</a></span></dt>

View File

@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
#ifndef BOOST_OPTIONAL_OPTIONAL_FWD_FLC_19NOV2002_HPP
#define BOOST_OPTIONAL_OPTIONAL_FWD_FLC_19NOV2002_HPP
#include <boost/config/suffix.hpp>
#include <boost/config.hpp>
namespace boost {