fix bug in copy construction of optional<bool>

fix: add -Wmaybe-uninitialized pragma to union storage constructors

doc/11_development.qbk

@@ -50,6 +50,18 @@ In the general case, the internal representation is something equivalent to:
     alignas(T) char _value [sizeof(T)];
   };
 
+or:
+
+  template <typename T>
+  class Optional
+  {
+    bool _has_value = false;
+    union {
+      T         _value;
+      DummyType _non_value;
+    };
+  };
+
 Next, because we need to pass around these "optional" `int`s as normal `int`s,
 like returning them from functions, when copying, we need to copy `_has_value`,
 which indicates whether we have the value or not, and, if we do have value, and

doc/27_ref_optional_synopsis.qbk

@@ -197,6 +197,9 @@ They are empty, trivially copyable classes with disabled default constructor.
         template<class F> constexpr auto flat_map( F f ) & -> ``['see below]``; ``[link reference_optional_flat_map __GO_TO__]``
         template<class F> constexpr auto flat_map( F f ) && -> ``['see below]``; ``[link reference_optional_flat_map_move __GO_TO__]``
 
+        constexpr operator optional<T&>() & noexcept; ``[link reference_optional_conversion_to_ref __GO_TO__]``
+        constexpr operator optional<T const&>() const& noexcept; ``[link reference_optional_conversion_to_ref __GO_TO__]``
+
         T const* get_ptr() const ; ``[link reference_optional_get_ptr __GO_TO__]``
         T*       get_ptr() ; ``[link reference_optional_get_ptr __GO_TO__]``
 

doc/28_ref_optional_semantics.qbk

@@ -47,8 +47,10 @@ the parameter.
 * [*Example:]
 ``
 #include <boost/none.hpp>
+
 optional<T> n(none) ;
 assert ( !n ) ;
+assert ( n == none ) ;
 ``
 
 __SPACE__
@@ -751,6 +753,26 @@ __SPACE__
 
 __SPACE__
 
+
+[#reference_optional_conversion_to_ref]
+
+[: `constexpr optional<T>::operator optional<T&>() & noexcept ;`]
+
+* [*Returns:] If `*this` contains a value `optional<T&>(**this)`, otherwise `optional<T&>()`.
+
+[: `constexpr optional<T>::operator optional<T const&>() const& noexcept ;`]
+
+* [*Returns:] If `*this` contains a value `optional<T const&>(**this)`, otherwise `optional<T&>()`.
+
+* [*Example:]
+``
+const optional<int> oi = 1;
+optional<const int&> ri = oi;
+``
+
+__SPACE__
+
+
 [#reference_optional_get_value_or_value]
 
 [: `T const& optional<T>::get_value_or( T const& default) const ;`]

doc/90_dependencies.qbk

@@ -72,7 +72,6 @@ The implementation uses the following other Boost modules:
 # assert
 # config
 # core
-# static_assert
 # throw_exception
 # type_traits
 

doc/91_comparison_with_std.qbk

@@ -56,9 +56,8 @@
   void test(vector<optional<T>> rng, T val) {
     std::ranges::find(rng, make_optional(val));
   }
-  ```] [The same code for `std::optional` compiles but is ['undefined behavior] when `T` is itself an `optional`. ] ]
+  ```] [For `std::optional`, code without `make_optional()` compiles but is ['undefined behavior] when `T` is itself an `optional`. ] ]
 
 ]
 
-
 [endsect][/ std_comp]

doc/92_relnotes.qbk

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@
 
 [section:relnotes Release Notes]
 
+[heading Boost Release 1.xx]
+
+* Fixed regression in the copy-initialization of `optional<bool>`. This fixes [@https://github.com/boostorg/optional/issues/146 issue #146].
+
 [heading Boost Release 1.91]
 
 * For compilers with full C++11 support (including "unrestricted  unions" and ref-qualifiers)
@@ -26,7 +30,7 @@
     * In C++17 all constructors (including copy and move) become core constant expressions
       for co-operating types.
 
-  This addresses [@https://github.com/boostorg/optional/issues/143 issue #143].
+  This addresses issues [@https://github.com/boostorg/optional/issues/132 #132] and [@https://github.com/boostorg/optional/issues/143 #143].
 
 * *Breaking change.* In the said implementation, abandoned the mechanism for customizing
   `swap`. Hardly anyone knows about this mechanism and it was never documented.
@@ -37,10 +41,31 @@
   * Construct `o = u`, where `o` is of type `optional<T>` and `u` is of type `U` convertible to `T`,
     does not create a temporary `T`.
 
+* In the said implementation, added a conversion from `optional<T>&` to `optional<T&>`. This addresses [@https://github.com/boostorg/optional/issues/142 issue #142].
+
 * `none_t` is now `std::equality_comparable`, which means that `none_t` and `optional<T>`
   model concept `std::equality_comparable_with` (for `std::equality_comparable` `T`s),
   which means that you can `std::ranges::find(rng, boost::none)` for a range of optional objects.
 
+* *Warning.* In the future releases we intend to introduce the range interface
+  in `optional`, so that `std::ranges::range<optional<T>>` will be `true`.
+  This may affect the overload resolution in programs that make decisions based
+  on predicates such as `std::ranges::range`. For instance, the following code
+  will start behaving differently:
+
+  ```
+  template <typename T>
+  void serialize(T const& v)
+  {
+    if constexpr (std::ranges::range<T>)
+      serialize_as_range(v);
+    else if constexpr (custom::is_optional_like<T>)
+      serialize_as_optional(v);
+    else
+      serialize_as_value(v);
+  }
+  ```
+
 [heading Boost Release 1.87]
 
 * *Breaking change.* Dropped support for C++03. C++11 is now the required minimum; at least some C++11 features.

include/boost/optional/detail/optional_select_implementation.hpp

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@
     !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_TRAILING_RESULT_TYPES) && \
     !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_UNRESTRICTED_UNION) &&    \
     !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_NOEXCEPT) &&              \
-    !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_DEFAULTED_MOVES)
+    !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_DEFAULTED_MOVES) &&       \
+    !defined(BOOST_OPTIONAL_CONFIG_DISABLE_UNION_OPTIONAL)
 # define BOOST_OPTIONAL_USES_UNION_IMPLEMENTATION
 #endif
 

include/boost/optional/detail/union_optional.hpp

@@ -74,9 +74,20 @@ union constexpr_union_storage_t
 
     constexpr constexpr_union_storage_t( trivial_init_t ) noexcept : dummy_() {};
 
+#if defined(BOOST_GCC) && (__GNUC__ >= 7)
+// false positive, see https://github.com/boostorg/variant2/issues/55,
+//   https://github.com/boostorg/url/issues/979
+# pragma GCC diagnostic push
+# pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
+#endif
+
     template <class... Args>
     constexpr constexpr_union_storage_t( Args&&... args ) : value_(forward_<Args>(args)...) {}
 
+#if defined(BOOST_GCC) && (__GNUC__ >= 7)
+# pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
     //~constexpr_union_storage_t() = default; // No need to destroy a trivially-destructible type
 };
 
@@ -88,9 +99,20 @@ union fallback_union_storage_t
 
   constexpr fallback_union_storage_t( trivial_init_t ) noexcept : dummy_() {};
 
+#if defined(BOOST_GCC) && (__GNUC__ >= 7)
+// false positive, see https://github.com/boostorg/variant2/issues/55,
+//   https://github.com/boostorg/url/issues/979
+# pragma GCC diagnostic push
+# pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmaybe-uninitialized"
+#endif
+
   template <class... Args>
   constexpr fallback_union_storage_t( Args&&... args ) : value_(forward_<Args>(args)...) {}
 
+#if defined(BOOST_GCC) && (__GNUC__ >= 7)
+# pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
   ~fallback_union_storage_t(){} // My owner will destroy the `T` if needed.
                                 // Cannot default in a union with nontrivial `T`.
 };
@@ -369,7 +391,9 @@ namespace boost {
     template <typename U,
               BOOST_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(::std::is_constructible<T, U&&>),
               BOOST_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(!optional_detail::is_typed_in_place_factory<U>),
-              BOOST_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(!optional_detail::is_in_place_factory<U>)>
+              BOOST_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(!optional_detail::is_in_place_factory<U>),
+              BOOST_OPTIONAL_REQUIRES(!BOOST_OPTIONAL_IS_TAGGED(optional_detail::optional_tag, U))
+              >
     constexpr explicit optional(U&& v)
     : storage(optional_ns::in_place_init, optional_detail::forward_<U>(v))
     {}
@@ -379,6 +403,20 @@ namespace boost {
     : storage(in_place_init, optional_detail::forward_<Args>(args)...)
     {}
 
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR operator optional<T&>() & noexcept
+    {
+      return this->has_value() ? optional<T&>(**this) : optional<T&>();
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR operator optional<const T&>() const& noexcept
+    {
+      return this->has_value() ? optional<const T&>(**this) : optional<const T&>();
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR operator optional<T&>() && noexcept = delete;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR operator optional<const T&>() const&& noexcept = delete;
+
+
     BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void reset() noexcept
     {
       storage.reset();

test/Jamfile.v2

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ project
             cxx11_explicit_conversion_operators
 #            cxx11_noexcept
             cxx11_rvalue_references
-            cxx11_static_assert
             cxx11_variadic_templates
         ]
     ;
@@ -41,6 +40,7 @@ compile optional_test_constexpr.cpp ;
 compile optional_test_wuninitialized.cpp ;
 compile optional_test_fwd_header.cpp ;
 run optional_test_conversions_from_U.cpp ;
+run optional_test_constructors.cpp ;
 run optional_test_convert_from_T.cpp ;
 run optional_test_convert_assign.cpp ;
 run optional_test_empty_braces.cpp ;
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ compile-fail optional_test_fail3b.cpp ;
 compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail1.cpp ;
 compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail3.cpp ;
 compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail4.cpp ;
+compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail_convert_from_temporary_optional_T.cpp ;
 compile-fail optional_test_inplace_fail.cpp ;
 compile-fail optional_test_inplace_fail2.cpp ;
 compile-fail optional_test_fail_implicit_bool_convert.cpp ;

test/optional_test_constructors.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2026 Andrzej Krzemienski.
+//
+// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// See http://www.boost.org/lib/optional for documentation.
+//
+// You are welcome to contact the author at:
+//  akrzemi1@gmail.com
+
+#include "boost/optional/optional.hpp"
+#include "boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp"
+#include <string>
+
+
+using boost::optional;
+using boost::none;
+
+struct MyBool
+{
+  bool b;
+  MyBool (bool b) : b(b) {}
+  operator bool() const { return b; };
+};
+
+struct MyExplicitBool
+{
+  bool b;
+  MyExplicitBool (bool b) : b(b) {}
+  operator bool() const { return b; };
+};
+
+struct Any
+{
+  template <typename... T>
+  Any(T&&...) {}
+};
+
+struct JustCopyMoveCtor
+{
+  JustCopyMoveCtor(JustCopyMoveCtor&&) = default;
+  JustCopyMoveCtor(JustCopyMoveCtor const&) = default;
+  JustCopyMoveCtor& operator=(JustCopyMoveCtor&&) = delete;
+  JustCopyMoveCtor& operator=(JustCopyMoveCtor const&) = delete;
+  JustCopyMoveCtor() = delete;
+};
+
+struct JustDefault
+{
+  JustDefault() = default;
+  JustDefault(JustDefault&&) = delete;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+optional<T> empty_optional()
+{
+    return optional<T>(); // this is to avoid "the most vexing parse"
+}
+
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+void direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T()
+{
+  optional<U> om;
+  const optional<U> oc;
+  BOOST_TEST(!om);
+  BOOST_TEST(!oc);
+
+  {
+    optional<T> ox = om;
+    BOOST_TEST(!ox);
+
+    optional<T> oy = oc;
+    BOOST_TEST(!oy);
+
+    optional<T> oz = empty_optional<U>();
+    BOOST_TEST(!oz);
+  }
+
+  {
+    optional<T> ox = {om};
+    BOOST_TEST(!ox);
+
+    optional<T> oy = {oc};
+    BOOST_TEST(!oy);
+
+    optional<T> oz = {empty_optional<U>()};
+    BOOST_TEST(!oz);
+  }
+
+  {
+    optional<T> ox{om};
+    BOOST_TEST(!ox);
+
+    optional<T> oy{oc};
+    BOOST_TEST(!oy);
+
+    optional<T> oz{empty_optional<U>()};
+    BOOST_TEST(!oz);
+  }
+
+  {
+    optional<T> ox(om);
+    BOOST_TEST(!ox);
+
+    optional<T> oy(oc);
+    BOOST_TEST(!oy);
+
+    optional<T> oz(empty_optional<U>());
+    BOOST_TEST(!oz);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+void test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T()
+{
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<T, U>();
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<const T, const U>();
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<optional<T>, optional<U>>();
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<optional<const T>, optional<const U>>();
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<const optional<T>, const optional<U>>();
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+void direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U(U val)
+{
+  optional<U> om;
+  const optional<U> oc;
+  BOOST_TEST(!om);
+  BOOST_TEST(!oc);
+
+  {
+    optional<T> ox{om};
+    BOOST_TEST(!ox);
+
+    optional<T> oy{oc};
+    BOOST_TEST(!oy);
+
+    optional<T> oz{empty_optional<U>()};
+    BOOST_TEST(!oz);
+  }
+
+  {
+    optional<T> ox(om);
+    BOOST_TEST(!ox);
+
+    optional<T> oy(oc);
+    BOOST_TEST(!oy);
+
+    optional<T> oz(empty_optional<U>());
+    BOOST_TEST(!oz);
+  }
+
+  {
+    optional<U> om {val};
+    const optional<U> oc {val};
+
+    {
+      optional<T> ox{om};
+      BOOST_TEST(ox);
+
+      optional<T> oy{oc};
+      BOOST_TEST(oy);
+
+      optional<T> oz{boost::make_optional(val)};
+      BOOST_TEST(oz);
+    }
+    {
+      optional<T> ox(om);
+      BOOST_TEST(ox);
+
+      optional<T> oy(oc);
+      BOOST_TEST(oy);
+
+      optional<T> oz(boost::make_optional(val));
+      BOOST_TEST(oz);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+void test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U(U val)
+{
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<T>(val);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_valued_optional_T(T val)
+{
+  optional<T> om(val);
+  const optional<T> oc(val);
+  BOOST_TEST(om);
+  BOOST_TEST(oc);
+
+  {
+    optional<T> ox = om;
+    BOOST_TEST(ox);
+
+    optional<T> oy = oc;
+    BOOST_TEST(oy);
+
+    optional<T> oz = optional<T>(val);
+    BOOST_TEST(oz);
+  }
+  {
+    optional<T> ox = {om};
+    BOOST_TEST(ox);
+
+    optional<T> oy = {oc};
+    BOOST_TEST(oy);
+
+    optional<T> oz = {optional<T>(val)};
+    BOOST_TEST(oz);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void test_ctor_optional_T_from_valued_optional_T(T val)
+{
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_valued_optional_T<T>(val);
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_valued_optional_T<optional<T>>(val);
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_valued_optional_T<const T>(val);
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<T, T>(val);
+  direct_test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<optional<T>, optional<T>>(val);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void direct_test_inplace_tag_constructor()
+{
+  {
+    optional<T> ox (boost::in_place_init);
+    BOOST_TEST(ox);
+  }
+  {
+    optional<T> ox {boost::in_place_init};
+    BOOST_TEST(ox);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+void test_inplace_tag_constructor()
+{
+  direct_test_inplace_tag_constructor<T>();
+  direct_test_inplace_tag_constructor<optional<T>>();
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<int, int>();
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<long, long>();
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<std::string, std::string>();
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<JustCopyMoveCtor, JustCopyMoveCtor>();
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<MyBool, MyBool>();
+
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<MyExplicitBool, MyExplicitBool>();
+
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<bool, bool>();
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_empty_optional_T<Any, Any>();
+
+    test_inplace_tag_constructor<int>();
+    test_inplace_tag_constructor<Any>();
+    test_inplace_tag_constructor<JustDefault>();
+
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<int>(1);
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<long>(1);
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<bool>(MyBool{true});
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<bool>(MyBool{false});
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<MyBool>(true);
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<MyBool>(false);
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<bool>(MyExplicitBool{true});
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<bool>(MyExplicitBool{false});
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<MyExplicitBool>(true);
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<MyExplicitBool>(false);
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<Any>(true);
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_optional_U<Any>(Any{});
+
+    test_ctor_optional_T_from_valued_optional_T(1);
+
+    optional<MyBool> ob;
+    optional<bool> oa;
+    oa = ob;
+    BOOST_TEST(!oa);
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/optional_test_convert_from_T.cpp

@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ void test_optional_of_superconverting_T() // compile-time test
   superconv<optional<int> > s;
    superconv<optional<int> > & rs = s;
   optional<superconv<optional<int> > > os = rs;
+  (void)s;
+  (void)os;
 #endif
 }
 

test/optional_test_inplace_factory.cpp

@@ -111,10 +111,10 @@ template <typename CharT>
 struct basic_formatter
 {
   template< typename FunT >
-  basic_formatter(FunT&& fun) {}
+  basic_formatter(FunT&&) {}
 
   template< typename FunT >
-  basic_formatter& operator= (FunT&& fun)
+  basic_formatter& operator= (FunT&&)
   {
       return *this;
   }

test/optional_test_ref_fail_convert_from_temporary_optional_T.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+//
+// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// See http://www.boost.org/lib/optional for documentation.
+//
+// You are welcome to contact the author at:
+//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
+//
+#include "boost/optional.hpp"
+
+//
+// THIS TEST SHOULD FAIL TO COMPILE
+//
+void optional_reference__test_no_converting_initialization()
+{
+  boost::optional<const int&> o (boost::optional<int>(1));
+  (void)o;
+}

test/optional_test_ref_to_val.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,13 @@ using boost::none;
 struct Value
 {
   int val;
-  explicit Value(int v) : val(v) {}
+  BOOST_CONSTEXPR explicit Value(int v) : val(v) {}
+};
+
+struct Guard
+{
+  int val;
+  BOOST_CONSTEXPR explicit Guard(int v) : val(v) {}
 };
 
 int val(int const& i)
@@ -37,6 +43,11 @@ int val(Value const& v)
   return v.val;
 }
 
+int val(Guard const& v)
+{
+  return v.val;
+}
+
 template <typename Tref>
 optional<Tref&> make_opt_ref(Tref& v)
 {
@@ -47,21 +58,21 @@ template <typename Tval, typename Tref>
 void test_construct_from_optional_ref()
 {
     Tref v1 (1), v2 (2);
-    
+
     optional<Tref&> opt_ref0;
     optional<Tref&> opt_ref1 (v1);
-    
+
     optional<Tval> opt_val0 (opt_ref0);
     optional<Tval> opt_val1 (opt_ref1);
     optional<Tval> opt_val2 (make_opt_ref(v2));
-    
+
     BOOST_TEST (!opt_val0);
     BOOST_TEST (opt_val1);
     BOOST_TEST (opt_val2);
-    
+
     BOOST_TEST_EQ (1, val(*opt_val1));
     BOOST_TEST_EQ (2, val(*opt_val2));
-    
+
     BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*opt_val1) != boost::addressof(v1));
     BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*opt_val2) != boost::addressof(v2));
 }
@@ -70,29 +81,121 @@ template <typename Tval, typename Tref>
 void test_assign_from_optional_ref()
 {
     Tref v1 (1), v2 (2);
-    
+
     optional<Tref&> opt_ref0;
     optional<Tref&> opt_ref1 (v1);
-    
+
     optional<Tval> opt_val0;
     optional<Tval> opt_val1;
     optional<Tval> opt_val2;
-    
+
     opt_val0 = opt_ref0;
     opt_val1 = opt_ref1;
     opt_val2 = make_opt_ref(v2);
-    
+
     BOOST_TEST (!opt_val0);
     BOOST_TEST (opt_val1);
     BOOST_TEST (opt_val2);
-    
+
     BOOST_TEST_EQ (1, val(*opt_val1));
     BOOST_TEST_EQ (2, val(*opt_val2));
-    
+
     BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*opt_val1) != boost::addressof(v1));
     BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*opt_val2) != boost::addressof(v2));
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+void test_convert_optional_T_to_optional_T_ref()
+{
+#ifdef BOOST_OPTIONAL_USES_UNION_IMPLEMENTATION
+  using boost::optional;
+  using boost::in_place_init;
+
+  { // optional<T>& -> optional<T&>
+    optional<T> ovN, ov1(in_place_init, 1), ov2(in_place_init, 2);
+
+    optional<T&> orN = ovN;
+    optional<T&> or1 = ov1;
+    optional<T&> or2 = ov2;
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!orN, !!ovN);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!or1, !!ov1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!or2, !!ov2);
+
+    BOOST_TEST (or1);
+    BOOST_TEST (or2);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (val(*or1), 1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (val(*or2), 2);
+    BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*or1) == boost::addressof(*ov1));
+    BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*or2) == boost::addressof(*ov2));
+  }
+
+  { // const optional<T>& -> optional<const T&>
+    constexpr optional<T> ovN;
+    constexpr optional<T> ov1(in_place_init, 1);
+    constexpr optional<T> ov2(in_place_init, 2);
+
+    optional<const T&> orN = ovN;
+    optional<const T&> or1 = ov1;
+    optional<const T&> or2 = ov2;
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!orN, !!ovN);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!or1, !!ov1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!or2, !!ov2);
+
+    BOOST_TEST (or1);
+    BOOST_TEST (or2);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (val(*or1), 1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (val(*or2), 2);
+    BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*or1) == boost::addressof(*ov1));
+    BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*or2) == boost::addressof(*ov2));
+  }
+
+  { // optional<const T>& -> optional<const T&>
+    optional<const T> ovN;
+    optional<const T> ov1(in_place_init, 1);
+    optional<const T> ov2(in_place_init, 2);
+
+    optional<const T&> orN = ovN;
+    optional<const T&> or1 = ov1;
+    optional<const T&> or2 = ov2;
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!orN, !!ovN);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!or1, !!ov1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!or2, !!ov2);
+
+    BOOST_TEST (or1);
+    BOOST_TEST (or2);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (val(*or1), 1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (val(*or2), 2);
+    BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*or1) == boost::addressof(*ov1));
+    BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*or2) == boost::addressof(*ov2));
+  }
+
+  { // optional<T>& -> optional<const T&>
+    optional<T> ovN;
+    optional<T> ov1(in_place_init, 1);
+    optional<T> ov2(in_place_init, 2);
+
+    optional<const T&> orN = ovN;
+    optional<const T&> or1 = ov1;
+    optional<const T&> or2 = ov2;
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!orN, !!ovN);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!or1, !!ov1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (!!or2, !!ov2);
+
+    BOOST_TEST (or1);
+    BOOST_TEST (or2);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (val(*or1), 1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ (val(*or2), 2);
+    BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*or1) == boost::addressof(*ov1));
+    BOOST_TEST (boost::addressof(*or2) == boost::addressof(*ov2));
+  }
+
+#endif // BOOST_OPTIONAL_USES_UNION_IMPLEMENTATION
+}
+
 
 int main()
 {
@@ -100,17 +203,21 @@ int main()
     test_construct_from_optional_ref<int, int const>();
     test_construct_from_optional_ref<int const, int const>();
     test_construct_from_optional_ref<int const, int>();
-    
+
     test_construct_from_optional_ref<Value, Value>();
     test_construct_from_optional_ref<Value, Value const>();
     test_construct_from_optional_ref<Value const, Value const>();
     test_construct_from_optional_ref<Value const, Value>();
-    
+
     test_assign_from_optional_ref<int, int>();
     test_assign_from_optional_ref<int, int const>();
 
     test_assign_from_optional_ref<Value, Value>();
     test_assign_from_optional_ref<Value, Value const>();
 
+    test_convert_optional_T_to_optional_T_ref<int>();
+    test_convert_optional_T_to_optional_T_ref<Value>();
+    test_convert_optional_T_to_optional_T_ref<Guard>();
+
     return boost::report_errors();
 }