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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.acknowledgements"></a><a href="acknowledgements.html" title="Acknowledgements">
Acknowledgements</a></h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The author can be contacted at john - at - johnmaddock.co.uk; the home page
for this library is at <a href="http://www.boost.org" target="_top">www.boost.org</a>.
</p>
<p>
I am indebted to <a href="http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~rs/" target="_top">Robert Sedgewick's
"Algorithms in C++"</a> for forcing me to think about algorithms
and their performance, and to the folks at boost for forcing me to think,
period.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.boost-consulting.com/" target="_top">Eric Niebler</a>, author
of Boost.Expressive and the <a href="http://research.microsoft.com/projects/greta" target="_top">GRETA
regular expression component</a>, has shared several important ideas,
in a series of long discussions.
</p>
<p>
Pete Becker, of <a href="http://www.versatilecoding.com" target="_top">Roundhouse Consulting,
Ltd.</a>, has helped enormously with the standardisation proposal language.
</p>
<p>
The following people have all contributed useful comments or fixes: Dave
Abrahams, Mike Allison, Edan Ayal, Jayashree Balasubramanian, Jan B<>lsche,
Beman Dawes, Paul Baxter, David Bergman, David Dennerline, Edward Diener,
Peter Dimov, Robert Dunn, Fabio Forno, Tobias Gabrielsson, Rob Gillen, Marc
Gregoire, Chris Hecker, Nick Hodapp, Jesse Jones, Martin Jost, Boris Krasnovskiy,
Jan Hermelink, Max Leung, Wei-hao Lin, Jens Maurer, Richard Peters, Heiko
Schmidt, Jason Shirk, Gerald Slacik, Scobie Smith, Mike Smyth, Alexander
Sokolovsky, Herv<72> Poirier, Michael Raykh, Marc Recht, Scott VanCamp, Bruno
Voigt, Alexey Voinov, Jerry Waldorf, Rob Ward, Lealon Watts, John Wismar,
Thomas Witt and Yuval Yosef.
</p>
<p>
If I've missed your name off (I'm sure there are a few, just not who they
are...) then please do get in touch.
</p>
<p>
I am also grateful to the manuals supplied with the Henry Spencer, PCRE,
Perl and GNU regular expression libraries - wherever possible I have tried
to maintain compatibility with these libraries and with the POSIX standard
- the code however is entirely my own, including any bugs! I can absolutely
guarantee that I will not fix any bugs I don't know about, so if you have
any comments or spot any bugs, please get in touch.
</p>
</div>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.examples"></a><a href="examples.html" title="Test and Example Programs"> Test and
Example Programs</a></h3></div></div></div>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.examples.test_programs"></a><h5>
<a name="id657467"></a>
<a href="examples.html#boost_regex.background_information.examples.test_programs">Test
Programs</a>
</h5>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>regress:</strong></span>
</p>
<p>
A regression test application that gives the matching/searching algorithms
a full workout. The presence of this program is your guarantee that the library
will behave as claimed - at least as far as those items tested are concerned
- if anyone spots anything that isn't being tested I'd be glad to hear about
it.
</p>
<p>
Directory: <a href="../../../../test/regress" target="_top">libs/regex/test/regress</a>.
</p>
<p>
Files: See directory.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>bad_expression_test:</strong></span>
</p>
<p>
Verifies that "bad" regular expressions don't cause the matcher
to go into infinite loops, but to throw an exception instead.
</p>
<p>
Directory: <a href="../../../../test/pathology" target="_top">libs/regex/test/pathology</a>.
</p>
<p>
Files: <a href="../../../../test/pathology/bad_expression_test.cpp" target="_top">bad_expression_test.cpp</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>recursion_test:</strong></span>
</p>
<p>
Verifies that the matcher can't overrun the stack (no matter what the expression).
</p>
<p>
Directory: <a href="../../../../test/pathology" target="_top">libs/regex/test/pathology</a>.
</p>
<p>
Files: <a href="../../../../test/pathology/recursion_test.cpp" target="_top">recursion_test.cpp</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>concepts:</strong></span>
</p>
<p>
Verifies that the library meets all documented concepts (a compile only test).
</p>
<p>
Directory: <a href="../../../../test/concepts" target="_top">libs/regex/test/concepts</a>.
</p>
<p>
Files: <a href="../../../../test/concepts/concept_check.cpp" target="_top">concept_check.cpp</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>captures_test:</strong></span>
</p>
<p>
Test code for captures.
</p>
<p>
Directory: <a href="../../../../test/captures" target="_top">libs/test/captures</a>.
</p>
<p>
Files: <a href="../../../../test/captures/captures_test.cpp" target="_top">captures_test.cpp</a>.
</p>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.examples.example_programs"></a><h5>
<a name="id657684"></a>
<a href="examples.html#boost_regex.background_information.examples.example_programs">Example
programs</a>
</h5>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>grep</strong></span>
</p>
<p>
A simple grep implementation, run with the -h command line option to find
out its usage.
</p>
<p>
Files: <a href="../../../../example/grep/grep.cpp" target="_top">grep.cpp</a>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>timer.exe</strong></span>
</p>
<p>
A simple interactive expression matching application, the results of all
matches are timed, allowing the programmer to optimize their regular expressions
where performance is critical.
</p>
<p>
Files: <a href="../../../../example/timer/regex_timer.cpp" target="_top">regex_timer.cpp</a>.
</p>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.examples.code_snippets"></a><h5>
<a name="id657767"></a>
<a href="examples.html#boost_regex.background_information.examples.code_snippets">Code
snippets</a>
</h5>
<p>
The snippets examples contain the code examples used in the documentation:
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/captures_example.cpp" target="_top">captures_example.cpp</a>:
Demonstrates the use of captures.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/credit_card_example.cpp" target="_top">credit_card_example.cpp</a>:
Credit card number formatting code.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/partial_regex_grep.cpp" target="_top">partial_regex_grep.cpp</a>:
Search example using partial matches.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/partial_regex_match.cpp" target="_top">partial_regex_match.cpp</a>:
regex_match example using partial matches.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_iterator_example.cpp" target="_top">regex_iterator_example.cpp</a>:
Iterating through a series of matches.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_match_example.cpp" target="_top">regex_match_example.cpp</a>:
ftp based regex_match example.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_merge_example.cpp" target="_top">regex_merge_example.cpp</a>:
regex_merge example: converts a C++ file to syntax highlighted HTML.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_replace_example.cpp" target="_top">regex_replace_example.cpp</a>:
regex_replace example: converts a C++ file to syntax highlighted HTML
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_search_example.cpp" target="_top">regex_search_example.cpp</a>:
regex_search example: searches a cpp file for class definitions.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_token_iterator_eg_1.cpp" target="_top">regex_token_iterator_eg_1.cpp</a>:
split a string into a series of tokens.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_token_iterator_eg_2.cpp" target="_top">regex_token_iterator_eg_2.cpp</a>:
enumerate the linked URL's in a HTML file.
</p>
<p>
The following are deprecated:
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_grep_example_1.cpp" target="_top">regex_grep_example_1.cpp</a>:
regex_grep example 1: searches a cpp file for class definitions.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_grep_example_2.cpp" target="_top">regex_grep_example_2.cpp</a>:
regex_grep example 2: searches a cpp file for class definitions, using a
global callback function.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_grep_example_3.cpp" target="_top">regex_grep_example_3.cpp</a>:
regex_grep example 2: searches a cpp file for class definitions, using a
bound member function callback.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_grep_example_4.cpp" target="_top">regex_grep_example_4.cpp</a>:
regex_grep example 2: searches a cpp file for class definitions, using a
C++ Builder closure as a callback.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_split_example_1.cpp" target="_top">regex_split_example_1.cpp</a>:
regex_split example: split a string into tokens.
</p>
<p>
<a href="../../../../example/snippets/regex_split_example_2.cpp" target="_top">regex_split_example_2.cpp</a>
: regex_split example: spit out linked URL's.
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
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<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Q.</strong></span> I can't get regex++ to work with escape
characters, what's going on?
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>A.</strong></span> If you embed regular expressions in C++
code, then remember that escape characters are processed twice: once by the
C++ compiler, and once by the Boost.Regex expression compiler, so to pass
the regular expression \d+ to Boost.Regex, you need to embed "\d+"
in your code. Likewise to match a literal backslash you will need to embed
"\\" in your code.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Q.</strong></span> No matter what I do regex_match always
returns false, what's going on?
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>A.</strong></span> The algorithm regex_match only succeeds
if the expression matches <span class="bold"><strong>all</strong></span> of the text,
if you want to <span class="bold"><strong>find</strong></span> a sub-string within
the text that matches the expression then use regex_search instead.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Q.</strong></span> Why does using parenthesis in a POSIX
regular expression change the result of a match?
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>A.</strong></span> For POSIX (extended and basic) regular
expressions, but not for perl regexes, parentheses don't only mark; they
determine what the best match is as well. When the expression is compiled
as a POSIX basic or extended regex then Boost.Regex follows the POSIX standard
leftmost longest rule for determining what matched. So if there is more than
one possible match after considering the whole expression, it looks next
at the first sub-expression and then the second sub-expression and so on.
So...
</p>
<p>
"(0*)([0-9]*)" against "00123" would produce $1 = "00"
$2 = "123"
</p>
<p>
where as
</p>
<p>
"0*([0-9])*" against "00123" would produce $1 = "00123"
</p>
<p>
If you think about it, had $1 only matched the "123", this would
be "less good" than the match "00123" which is both further
to the left and longer. If you want $1 to match only the "123"
part, then you need to use something like:
</p>
<p>
"0*([1-9][0-9]*)"
</p>
<p>
as the expression.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Q.</strong></span> Why don't character ranges work properly
(POSIX mode only)?
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>A.</strong></span> The POSIX standard specifies that character
range expressions are locale sensitive - so for example the expression [A-Z]
will match any collating element that collates between 'A' and 'Z'. That
means that for most locales other than "C" or "POSIX",
[A-Z] would match the single character 't' for example, which is not what
most people expect - or at least not what most people have come to expect
from regular expression engines. For this reason, the default behaviour of
Boost.Regex (perl mode) is to turn locale sensitive collation off by not
setting the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_constants</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">collate</span></code>
compile time flag. However if you set a non-default compile time flag - for
example <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_constants</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">extended</span></code> or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_constants</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic</span></code>,
then locale dependent collation will be enabled, this also applies to the
POSIX API functions which use either <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_constants</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">extended</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_constants</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic</span></code> internally. [Note - when <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_constants</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">nocollate</span></code> in effect, the library behaves
"as if" the LC_COLLATE locale category were always "C",
regardless of what its actually set to - end note].
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Q.</strong></span> Why are there no throw specifications
on any of the functions? What exceptions can the library throw?
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>A.</strong></span> Not all compilers support (or honor)
throw specifications, others support them but with reduced efficiency. Throw
specifications may be added at a later date as compilers begin to handle
this better. The library should throw only three types of exception: [boost::regex_error]
can be thrown by <a href="../ref/basic_regex.html" title="basic_regex"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">basic_regex</span></code></a> when compiling a regular
expression, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">runtime_error</span></code> can be thrown when a call
to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">basic_regex</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">imbue</span></code> tries to open a message catalogue
that doesn't exist, or when a call to <a href="../ref/regex_search.html" title="regex_search"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_search</span></code></a> or <a href="../ref/regex_match.html" title="regex_match"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_match</span></code></a> results in an "everlasting"
search, or when a call to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">RegEx</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">GrepFiles</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">RegEx</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">FindFiles</span></code> tries to open a file that cannot
be opened, finally <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">bad_alloc</span></code> can be thrown by just about any
of the functions in this library.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Q.</strong></span> Why can't I use the "convenience"
versions of regex_match / regex_search / regex_grep / regex_format / regex_merge?
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>A.</strong></span> These versions may or may not be available
depending upon the capabilities of your compiler, the rules determining the
format of these functions are quite complex - and only the versions visible
to a standard compliant compiler are given in the help. To find out what
your compiler supports, run &lt;boost/regex.hpp&gt; through your C++ pre-processor,
and search the output file for the function that you are interested in. Note
however, that very few current compilers still have problems with these overloaded
functions.
</p>
</div>
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<a name="boost_regex.background_information.futher"></a><a href="futher.html" title="References and Further Information"> References
and Further Information</a></h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Short tutorials on regular expressions can be <a href="http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/helpsheets/regex.html" target="_top">found
here</a> and <a href="http://www.linuxpcug.org/lessons/regexp.html" target="_top">here</a>.
</p>
<p>
The main book on regular expressions is <a href="http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/regex/" target="_top">Mastering
Regular Expressions, published by O'Reilly</a>.
</p>
<p>
Boost.Regex forms the basis for the regular expression chapter of the <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2005/n1836.pdf" target="_top">Technical
report on C++ Library Extensions</a>.
</p>
<p>
The <a href="http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/7908799/toc.htm" target="_top">Open
Unix Specification</a> contains a wealth of useful material, including
the POSIX regular expression syntax.
</p>
<p>
The <a href="http://www.cs.ucr.edu/~stelo/pattern.html" target="_top">Pattern Matching
Pointers</a> site is a "must visit" resource for anyone interested
in pattern matching.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://glimpse.cs.arizona.edu/" target="_top">Glimpse and Agrep</a>, use
a simplified regular expression syntax to achieve faster search times.
</p>
<p>
<a href="http://glimpse.cs.arizona.edu/udi.html" target="_top">Udi Manber</a> and
<a href="http://www.dcc.uchile.cl/~rbaeza/" target="_top">Ricardo Baeza-Yates</a>
both have a selection of useful pattern matching papers available from their
respective web sites.
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><small>Copyright <20> 2007 John Maddock</small></td>
</tr></table>
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<a name="boost_regex.background_information.headers"></a><a href="headers.html" title="Headers"> Headers</a></h3></div></div></div>
<p>
There are two main headers used by this library: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">regex</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
provides full access to the main template library, while <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">cregex</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
provides access to the (deprecated) high level class RegEx, and the POSIX
API functions.
</p>
<p>
There is also a header containing only forward declarations <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">regex_fwd</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
for use when an interface is dependent upon <a href="../ref/basic_regex.html" title="basic_regex"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">basic_regex</span></code></a>, but otherwise does
not need the full definitions.
</p>
</div>
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<a name="boost_regex.background_information.history"></a><a href="history.html" title="History"> History</a></h3></div></div></div>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_34"></a><h5>
<a name="id659964"></a>
<a href="history.html#boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_34">Boost
1.34</a>
</h5>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
Fix for non-greedy repeats and partial matches not working correctly in
some cases.
</li>
<li>
Fix for non-greedy repeats on VC++ not working in some cases (bug report
1515830).
</li>
<li>
Changed match_results::position() to return a valid result when *this represents
a partial match.
</li>
<li>
Fixed the grep and egrep options so that the newline character gets treated
the same as |.
</li>
</ul></div>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_33_1"></a><h5>
<a name="id660017"></a>
<a href="history.html#boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_33_1">Boost
1.33.1</a>
</h5>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
Fixed broken makefiles.
</li>
<li>
Fixed configuration setup to allow building with VC7.1 - STLport-4.6.2
when using /Zc:wchar_t.
</li>
<li>
Moved declarations class-inline in static_mutex.hpp so that SGI Irix compiler
can cope.
</li>
<li>
Added needed standard library #includes to fileiter.hpp, regex_workaround.hpp
and cpp_regex_traits.hpp.
</li>
<li>
Fixed a bug where non-greedy repeats could in certain strange curcumstances
repeat more times than their maximum value.
</li>
<li>
Fixed the value returned by basic_regex&lt;&gt;::empty() from a default
constructed object.
</li>
<li>
Changed the deffinition of regex_error to make it backwards compatible
with Boost-1.32.0.
</li>
<li>
Disabled external templates for Intel C++ 8.0 and earlier - otherwise unresolved
references can occur.
</li>
<li>
Rewritten extern template code for gcc so that only specific member functions
are exported: otherwise strange unresolved references can occur when linking
and mixing debug and non-debug code.
</li>
<li>
Initialise all the data members of the unicode_iterators: this keeps gcc
from issuing needless warnings.
</li>
<li>
Ported the ICU integration code to VC6 and VC7.
</li>
<li>
Ensured code is STLport debug mode clean.
</li>
<li>
Fixed lookbehind assertions so that fixed length repeats are permitted,
and so that regex iteration allows lookbehind to look back before the current
search range (into the last match).
</li>
<li>
Fixed strange bug with non-greedy repeats inside forward lookahead assertions.
</li>
<li>
Enabled negated character classes inside character sets.
</li>
<li>
Fixed regression so that [a-z-] is a valid expression again.
</li>
<li>
Fixed bug that allowed some invalid expressions to be accepted.
</li>
</ul></div>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_33_0"></a><h5>
<a name="id660148"></a>
<a href="history.html#boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_33_0">Boost
1.33.0</a>
</h5>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
Completely rewritten expression parsing code, and traits class support;
now conforms to the standardization proposal.
</li>
<li>
Breaking Change: The syntax options that can be passed to basic_regex constructors
have been rationalized. The default option (perl) now has a value of zero,
and it is now clearly documented which options apply to which regular expression
syntax styles (perl, POSIX-extended, POSIX-basic etc). Some of the more
esoteric options have now been removed, so there is the possibility that
existing code may fail to compile: however equivalent functionality should
still be available.
</li>
<li>
Breaking Change: POSIX-extended and POSIX-basic regular expressions now
enforce the letter of the POSIX standard much more closely than before.
</li>
<li>
Added support for (?imsx-imsx) constructs.
</li>
<li>
Added support for lookbehind expressions (?&lt;=positive-lookbehind) and
(?&lt;!negative-lookbehind).
</li>
<li>
Added support for conditional expressions (?(assertion)true-expresion|false-expression).
</li>
<li>
Added MFC/ATL string wrappers.
</li>
<li>
Added Unicode support; based on ICU.
</li>
<li>
Changed newline support to recognise \f as a line separator (all character
types), and \x85 as a line separator for wide characters / Unicode only.
</li>
<li>
Added a new format flag format_literal that treats the replace string as
a literal, rather than a Perl or Sed style format string.
</li>
<li>
Errors are now reported by throwing exceptions of type regex_error. The
types used previously - bad_expression and bad_pattern - are now just typedefs
for regex_error. Type regex_error has a couple of new members: code() to
report an error code rather than a string, and position() to report where
in the expression the error occured.
</li>
</ul></div>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_32_1"></a><h5>
<a name="id660257"></a>
<a href="history.html#boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_32_1">Boost
1.32.1</a>
</h5>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc"><li>
Fixed bug in partial matches of bounded repeats of '.'.
</li></ul></div>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_31_0"></a><h5>
<a name="id660292"></a>
<a href="history.html#boost_regex.background_information.history.boost_1_31_0">Boost
1.31.0</a>
</h5>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
Completely rewritten pattern matching code - it is now up to 10 times faster
than before.
</li>
<li>
Reorganized documentation.
</li>
<li>
Deprecated all interfaces that are not part of the regular expression standardization
proposal.
</li>
<li>
Added regex_iterator and regex_token_iterator .
</li>
<li>
Added support for Perl style independent sub-expressions.
</li>
<li>
Added non-member operators to the sub_match class, so that you can compare
sub_match's with strings, or add them to a string to produce a new string.
</li>
<li>
Added experimental support for extended capture information.
</li>
<li>
Changed the match flags so that they are a distinct type (not an integer),
if you try to pass the match flags as an integer rather than match_flag_type
to the regex algorithms then you will now get a compiler error.
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
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<p>
The performance of Boost.Regex in both recursive and non-recursive modes
should be broadly comparable to other regular expression libraries: recursive
mode is slightly faster (especially where memory allocation requires thread
synchronisation), but not by much. The following pages compare Boost.Regex
with various other regular expression libraries for the following compilers:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
<a href="../../../vc71-performance.html" target="_top">Visual Studio.Net 2003 (recursive
Boost.Regex implementation)</a>.
</li>
<li>
<a href="../../../gcc-performance.html" target="_top">Gcc 3.2 (cygwin) (non-recursive Boost.Regex
implementation)</a>.
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
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<a name="boost_regex.background_information.redist"></a><a href="redist.html" title="Redistributables"> Redistributables</a></h3></div></div></div>
<p>
If you are using Microsoft or Borland C++ and link to a dll version of the
run time library, then you can choose to also link to a dll version of Boost.Regex
by defining the symbol BOOST_REGEX_DYN_LINK when you compile your code. While
these dll's are redistributable, there are no "standard" versions,
so when installing on the users PC, you should place these in a directory
private to your application, and not in the PC's directory path. Note that
if you link to a static version of your run time library, then you will also
link to a static version of Boost.Regex and no dll's will need to be distributed.
The possible Boost.Regex dll and library names are computed according to
the formula given in <a href="../../../../../../more/getting_started.html" target="_top">the
getting started guide</a>.
</p>
<p>
Note: you can disable automatic library selection by defining the symbol
BOOST_REGEX_NO_LIB when compiling, this is useful if you want to build Boost.Regex
yourself in your IDE, or if you need to debug Boost.Regex.
</p>
</div>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.standards"></a><a href="standards.html" title="Standards Conformance"> Standards
Conformance</a></h3></div></div></div>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.standards.c__"></a><h5>
<a name="id658772"></a>
<a href="standards.html#boost_regex.background_information.standards.c__">C++</a>
</h5>
<p>
Boost.Regex is intended to conform to the <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2005/n1836.pdf" target="_top">Technical
report on C++ Library Extensions</a>.
</p>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.standards.ecmascript___javascript"></a><h5>
<a name="id658812"></a>
<a href="standards.html#boost_regex.background_information.standards.ecmascript___javascript">ECMAScript
/ JavaScript</a>
</h5>
<p>
All of the ECMAScript regular expression syntax features are supported, except
that:
</p>
<p>
The escape sequence \u matches any upper case character (the same as [[:upper:]])
rather than a Unicode escape sequence; use \x{DDDD} for Unicode escape sequences.
</p>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.standards.perl"></a><h5>
<a name="id658853"></a>
<a href="standards.html#boost_regex.background_information.standards.perl">Perl</a>
</h5>
<p>
Almost all Perl features are supported, except for:
</p>
<p>
(?{code}) Not implementable in a compiled strongly typed language.
</p>
<p>
(??{code}) Not implementable in a compiled strongly typed language.
</p>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.standards.posix"></a><h5>
<a name="id658894"></a>
<a href="standards.html#boost_regex.background_information.standards.posix">POSIX</a>
</h5>
<p>
All the POSIX basic and extended regular expression features are supported,
except that:
</p>
<p>
No character collating names are recognized except those specified in the
POSIX standard for the C locale, unless they are explicitly registered with
the traits class.
</p>
<p>
Character equivalence classes ( [[=a=]] etc) are probably buggy except on
Win32. Implementing this feature requires knowledge of the format of the
string sort keys produced by the system; if you need this, and the default
implementation doesn't work on your platform, then you will need to supply
a custom traits class.
</p>
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.standards.unicode"></a><h5>
<a name="id658939"></a>
<a href="standards.html#boost_regex.background_information.standards.unicode">Unicode</a>
</h5>
<p>
The following comments refer to <a href="http://unicode.org/reports/tr18/" target="_top">Unicode
Technical Standard #18: Unicode Regular Expressions version 11</a>.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Item
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Feature
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Support
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
1.1
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Hex Notation
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Yes: use \x{DDDD} to refer to code point UDDDD.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
1.2
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Character Properties
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
All the names listed under the General Category Property are supported.
Script names and Other Names are not currently supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
1.3
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Subtraction and Intersection
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Indirectly support by forward-lookahead:
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">(?=[[:</span><span class="identifier">X</span><span class="special">:]])[[:</span><span class="identifier">Y</span><span class="special">:]]</span></code>
</p>
<p>
Gives the intersection of character properties X and Y.
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">(?![[:</span><span class="identifier">X</span><span class="special">:]])[[:</span><span class="identifier">Y</span><span class="special">:]]</span></code>
</p>
<p>
Gives everything in Y that is not in X (subtraction).
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
1.4
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Simple Word Boundaries
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Conforming: non-spacing marks are included in the set of word characters.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
1.5
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Caseless Matching
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Supported, note that at this level, case transformations are 1:1,
many to many case folding operations are not supported (for example
"<22>" to "SS").
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
1.6
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Line Boundaries
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Supported, except that "." matches only one character of
"\r\n". Other than that word boundaries match correctly;
including not matching in the middle of a "\r\n" sequence.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
1.7
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Code Points
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Supported: provided you use the u32* algorithms, then UTF-8, UTF-16
and UTF-32 are all treated as sequences of 32-bit code points.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
2.1
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Canonical Equivalence
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not supported: it is up to the user of the library to convert all
text into the same canonical form as the regular expression.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
2.2
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Default Grapheme Clusters
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
2.3Default Word Boundaries
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not supported.
</p>
</td>
<td class="auto-generated"><EFBFBD></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
2.4
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Default Loose Matches
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not Supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
2.5
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Named Properties
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Supported: the expression "[[:name:]]" or \N{name} matches
the named character "name".
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
2.6
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Wildcard properties
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not Supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.1
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Tailored Punctuation.
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not Supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.2
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Tailored Grapheme Clusters
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not Supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.3
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Tailored Word Boundaries.
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not Supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.4
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Tailored Loose Matches
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Partial support: [[=c=]] matches characters with the same primary
equivalence class as "c".
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.5
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Tailored Ranges
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Supported: [a-b] matches any character that collates in the range
a to b, when the expression is constructed with the collate flag
set.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.6
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Context Matches
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not Supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.7
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Incremental Matches
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Supported: pass the flag <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">match_partial</span></code>
to the regex algorithms.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.8
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Unicode Set Sharing
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not Supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.9
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Possible Match Sets
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not supported, however this information is used internally to optimise
the matching of regular expressions, and return quickly if no match
is possible.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.10
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Folded Matching
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Partial Support: It is possible to achieve a similar effect by using
a custom regular expression traits class.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
3.11
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Custom Submatch Evaluation
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Not Supported.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><small>Copyright <20> 2007 John Maddock</small></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_regex.background_information.thread_safety"></a><a href="thread_safety.html" title="Thread Safety"> Thread
Safety</a></h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The Boost.Regex library is thread safe when Boost is: you can verify that
Boost is in thread safe mode by checking to see if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_HAS_THREADS</span></code>
is defined: this macro is set automatically by the config system when threading
support is turned on in your compiler.
</p>
<p>
Class <a href="../ref/basic_regex.html" title="basic_regex"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">basic_regex</span></code></a>
and its typedefs regex and wregex are thread safe, in that compiled regular
expressions can safely be shared between threads. The matching algorithms
<a href="../ref/regex_match.html" title="regex_match"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_match</span></code></a>,
<a href="../ref/regex_search.html" title="regex_search"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_search</span></code></a>,
and <a href="../ref/regex_replace.html" title="regex_replace"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">regex_replace</span></code></a>
are all re-entrant and thread safe. Class <a href="../ref/match_results.html" title="match_results"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">match_results</span></code></a> is now thread safe,
in that the results of a match can be safely copied from one thread to another
(for example one thread may find matches and push <a href="../ref/match_results.html" title="match_results"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">match_results</span></code></a> instances onto a queue,
while another thread pops them off the other end), otherwise use a separate
instance of <a href="../ref/match_results.html" title="match_results"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">match_results</span></code></a>
per thread.
</p>
<p>
The <a href="../ref/posix.html" title="POSIX Compatible C API's">POSIX API functions</a> are
all re-entrant and thread safe, regular expressions compiled with regcomp
can also be shared between threads.
</p>
<p>
The <a href="../ref/deprecated_interfaces/old_regex.html" title="High Level Class RegEx (Deprecated)">class
RegEx</a> is only thread safe if each thread gets its own RegEx instance
(apartment threading) - this is a consequence of RegEx handling both compiling
and matching regular expressions.
</p>
<p>
Finally note that changing the global locale invalidates all compiled regular
expressions, therefore calling <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">set_locale</span></code>
from one thread while another uses regular expressions will produce unpredictable
results.
</p>
<p>
There is also a requirement that there is only one thread executing prior
to the start of main().
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><small>Copyright <20> 2007 John Maddock</small></td>
</tr></table>
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