This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create branch

'unlabeled-1.1.8'.

[SVN r8348]

algo_opt_examples.cpp

@@ -1,423 +0,0 @@
-
-/*
- *
- * Copyright (c) 1999
- * Dr John Maddock
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
- * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
- * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
- * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
- * in supporting documentation.  Dr John Maddock makes no representations
- * about the suitability of this software for any purpose.
- * It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
- *
- * This file provides some example of type_traits usage -
- * by "optimising" various algorithms:
- *
- * opt::copy - optimised for trivial copy (cf std::copy)
- * opt::fill - optimised for trivial copy/small types (cf std::fill)
- * opt::destroy_array - an example of optimisation based upon omitted destructor calls
- * opt::iter_swap - uses type_traits to determine whether the iterator is a proxy
- *                  in which case it uses a "safe" approach, otherwise calls swap
- *                  on the assumption that swap may be specialised for the pointed-to type.
- *
- */
-
-/* Release notes:
-   23rd July 2000:
-      Added explicit failure for broken compilers that don't support these examples.
-      Fixed broken gcc support (broken using directive).
-      Reordered tests slightly.
-*/
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <typeinfo>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <vector>
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <boost/timer.hpp>
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
-
-using std::cout;
-using std::endl;
-using std::cin;
-
-#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#error "Sorry, without template partial specialisation support there isn't anything to test here..."
-#endif
-
-namespace opt{
-
-//
-// algorithm destroy_arry:
-// The reverse of std::unitialized_copy, takes a block of
-// unitialized memory and calls destructors on all objects therein.
-//
-
-namespace detail{
-
-template <bool>
-struct array_destroyer
-{
-   template <class T>
-   static void destroy_array(T* i, T* j){ do_destroy_array(i, j); }
-};
-
-template <>
-struct array_destroyer<true>
-{
-   template <class T>
-   static void destroy_array(T*, T*){}
-};
-
-template <class T>
-void do_destroy_array(T* first, T* last)
-{
-   while(first != last)
-   {
-      first->~T();
-      ++first;
-   }
-}
-
-}; // namespace detail
-
-template <class T>
-inline void destroy_array(T* p1, T* p2)
-{
-   detail::array_destroyer<boost::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value>::destroy_array(p1, p2);
-}
-
-//
-// unoptimised versions of destroy_array:
-//
-template <class T>
-void destroy_array1(T* first, T* last)
-{
-   while(first != last)
-   {
-      first->~T();
-      ++first;
-   }
-}
-template <class T>
-void destroy_array2(T* first, T* last)
-{
-   for(; first != last; ++first) first->~T();
-}
-
-
-//
-// opt::copy
-// same semantics as std::copy
-// calls memcpy where appropiate.
-//
-
-namespace detail{
-
-template <bool b>
-struct copier
-{
-   template<typename I1, typename I2>
-   static I2 do_copy(I1 first, I1 last, I2 out);
-};
-
-template <bool b>
-template<typename I1, typename I2>
-I2 copier<b>::do_copy(I1 first, I1 last, I2 out)
-{
-   while(first != last)
-   {
-      *out = *first;
-      ++out;
-      ++first;
-   }
-   return out;
-}
-
-template <>
-struct copier<true>
-{
-   template<typename I1, typename I2>
-   static I2* do_copy(I1* first, I1* last, I2* out)
-   {
-      memcpy(out, first, (last-first)*sizeof(I2));
-      return out+(last-first);
-   }
-};
-
-
-}
-
-template<typename I1, typename I2>
-inline I2 copy(I1 first, I1 last, I2 out)
-{
-   typedef typename boost::remove_cv<typename std::iterator_traits<I1>::value_type>::type v1_t;
-   typedef typename boost::remove_cv<typename std::iterator_traits<I2>::value_type>::type v2_t;
-   enum{ can_opt = boost::is_same<v1_t, v2_t>::value
-                   && boost::is_pointer<I1>::value
-                   && boost::is_pointer<I2>::value
-                   && boost::has_trivial_assign<v1_t>::value };
-   return detail::copier<can_opt>::do_copy(first, last, out);
-}
-
-//
-// fill
-// same as std::fill, uses memset where appropriate, along with call_traits
-// to "optimise" parameter passing.
-//
-namespace detail{
-
-template <bool opt>
-struct filler
-{
-   template <typename I, typename T>
-   static void do_fill(I first, I last, typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val);
- };
-
-template <bool b>
-template <typename I, typename T>
-void filler<b>::do_fill(I first, I last, typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val)
-{
-   while(first != last)
-   {
-      *first = val;
-      ++first;
-   }
-}
-
-template <>
-struct filler<true>
-{
-   template <typename I, typename T>
-   static void do_fill(I first, I last, T val)
-   {
-      memset(first, val, last-first);
-   }
-};
-
-}
-
-template <class I, class T>
-inline void fill(I first, I last, const T& val)
-{
-   enum{ can_opt = boost::is_pointer<I>::value
-                   && boost::is_arithmetic<T>::value
-                   && (sizeof(T) == 1) };
-   typedef detail::filler<can_opt> filler_t;
-   filler_t::template do_fill<I,T>(first, last, val);
-}
-
-//
-// iter_swap:
-// tests whether iterator is a proxying iterator or not, and
-// uses optimal form accordingly:
-//
-namespace detail{
-
-template <bool b>
-struct swapper
-{
-   template <typename I>
-   static void do_swap(I one, I two)
-   {
-      typedef typename std::iterator_traits<I>::value_type v_t;
-      v_t v = *one;
-      *one = *two;
-      *two = v;
-   }
-};
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-using std::swap;
-#endif
-
-template <>
-struct swapper<true>
-{
-   template <typename I>
-   static void do_swap(I one, I two)
-   {
-      using std::swap;
-      swap(*one, *two);
-   }
-};
-
-}
-
-template <typename I1, typename I2>
-inline void iter_swap(I1 one, I2 two)
-{
-   typedef typename std::iterator_traits<I1>::reference r1_t;
-   typedef typename std::iterator_traits<I2>::reference r2_t;
-   enum{ can_opt = boost::is_reference<r1_t>::value && boost::is_reference<r2_t>::value && boost::is_same<r1_t, r2_t>::value };
-   detail::swapper<can_opt>::do_swap(one, two);
-}
-
-
-};   // namespace opt
-
-//
-// define some global data:
-//
-const int array_size = 1000;
-int i_array[array_size] = {0,};
-const int ci_array[array_size] = {0,};
-char c_array[array_size] = {0,};
-const char cc_array[array_size] = { 0,};
-
-const int iter_count = 1000000;
-
-
-int main()
-{
-   //
-   // test destroy_array,
-   // compare destruction time of an array of ints
-   // with unoptimised form.
-   //
-   cout << "Measuring times in micro-seconds per 1000 elements processed" << endl << endl;
-   cout << "testing destroy_array...\n"
-    "[Some compilers may be able to optimise the \"unoptimised\"\n versions as well as type_traits does.]" << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::destroy_array(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   boost::timer t;
-   double result;
-   int i;
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::destroy_array(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "destroy_array<int>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::destroy_array1(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::destroy_array1(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "destroy_array<int>(unoptimised#1): " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::destroy_array2(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::destroy_array2(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "destroy_array<int>(unoptimised#2): " << result << endl << endl;
-
-   cout << "testing fill(char)...\n"
-   "[Some standard library versions may already perform this optimisation.]" << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::fill<char*, char>(c_array, c_array + array_size, (char)3);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::fill<char*, char>(c_array, c_array + array_size, (char)3);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "opt::fill<char*, char>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ std::fill(c_array, c_array + array_size, (char)3);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      std::fill(c_array, c_array + array_size, (char)3);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "std::fill<char*, char>: " << result << endl << endl;
-
-   cout << "testing fill(int)...\n"
-   "[Tests the effect of call_traits pass-by-value optimisation -\nthe value of this optimisation may depend upon hardware characteristics.]" << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::fill<int*, int>(i_array, i_array + array_size, 3);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::fill<int*, int>(i_array, i_array + array_size, 3);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "opt::fill<int*, int>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ std::fill(i_array, i_array + array_size, 3);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      std::fill(i_array, i_array + array_size, 3);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "std::fill<int*, int>: " << result << endl << endl;
-
-   cout << "testing copy...\n"
-   "[Some standard library versions may already perform this optimisation.]" << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "opt::copy<const int*, int*>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ std::copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      std::copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "std::copy<const int*, int*>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::detail::copier<false>::template do_copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::detail::copier<false>::template do_copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "standard \"unoptimised\" copy: " << result << endl << endl;
-
-   /*cache load*/ opt::copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "opt::copy<const char*, char*>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ std::copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      std::copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "std::copy<const char*, char*>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::detail::copier<false>::template do_copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::detail::copier<false>::template do_copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "standard \"unoptimised\" copy: " << result << endl << endl;
-
-
-   //
-   // testing iter_swap
-   // really just a check that it does in fact compile...
-   std::vector<int> v1;
-   v1.push_back(0);
-   v1.push_back(1);
-   std::vector<bool> v2;
-   v2.push_back(0);
-   v2.push_back(1);
-   opt::iter_swap(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1);
-   opt::iter_swap(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+1);
-
-   cout << "Press any key to exit...";
-   cin.get();
-}
-
-
-
-
-

c++_type_traits.htm

@@ -0,0 +1,489 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+<title>C++ Type traits</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080">
+
+<h2 align="center">C++ Type traits</h2>
+<p align="center"><em>by John Maddock and Steve Cleary</em></p>
+<p align="center"><em>This is a draft of an article that will appear in a future
+issue of </em><a href="http://www.ddj.com"><em>Dr Dobb's Journal</em></a></p>
+<p>Generic programming (writing code which works with any data type meeting a
+set of requirements) has become the method of choice for providing reusable
+code. However, there are times in generic programming when &quot;generic&quot;
+just isn't good enough - sometimes the differences between types are too large
+for an efficient generic implementation. This is when the traits technique
+becomes important - by encapsulating those properties that need to be considered
+on a type by type basis inside a traits class, we can minimise the amount of
+code that has to differ from one type to another, and maximise the amount of
+generic code.</p>
+<p>Consider an example: when working with character strings, one common
+operation is to determine the length of a null terminated string. Clearly it's
+possible to write generic code that can do this, but it turns out that there are
+much more efficient methods available: for example, the C library functions <font size="2" face="Courier New">strlen</font>
+and <font size="2" face="Courier New">wcslen</font> are usually written in
+assembler, and with suitable hardware support can be considerably faster than a
+generic version written in C++. The authors of the C++ standard library realised
+this, and abstracted the properties of <font size="2" face="Courier New">char</font>
+and <font size="2" face="Courier New">wchar_t</font> into the class <font size="2" face="Courier New">char_traits</font>.
+Generic code that works with character strings can simply use <font size="2" face="Courier New">char_traits&lt;&gt;::length</font>
+to determine the length of a null terminated string, safe in the knowledge that
+specialisations of <font size="2" face="Courier New">char_traits</font> will use
+the most appropriate method available to them.</p>
+<h4>Type traits</h4>
+<p>Class <font size="2" face="Courier New">char_traits</font> is a classic
+example of a collection of type specific properties wrapped up in a single class
+- what Nathan Myers termed a <i>baggage class</i>[1]. In the Boost type-traits
+library, we[2] have written a set of very specific traits classes, each of which
+encapsulate a single trait from the C++ type system; for example, is a type a
+pointer or a reference type? Or does a type have a trivial constructor, or a
+const-qualifier? The type-traits classes share a unified design: each class has
+a single member <i>value</i>, a compile-time constant that is true if the type
+has the specified property, and false otherwise. As we will show, these classes
+can be used in generic programming to determine the properties of a given type
+and introduce optimisations that are appropriate for that case.</p>
+<p>The type-traits library also contains a set of classes that perform a
+specific transformation on a type; for example, they can remove a top-level
+const or volatile qualifier from a type. Each class that performs a
+transformation defines a single typedef-member <i>type</i> that is the result of
+the transformation. All of the type-traits classes are defined inside namespace <font size="2" face="Courier New">boost</font>;
+for brevity, namespace-qualification is omitted in most of the code samples
+given.</p>
+<h4>Implementation</h4>
+<p>There are far too many separate classes contained in the type-traits library
+to give a full implementation here - see the source code in the Boost library
+for the full details - however, most of the implementation is fairly repetitive
+anyway, so here we will just give you a flavour for how some of the classes are
+implemented. Beginning with possibly the simplest class in the library, is_void&lt;T&gt;
+has a member <i>value</i> that is true only if T is void.</p>
+<pre>template &lt;typename T&gt; 
+struct is_void
+{ static const bool value = false; };
+
+template &lt;&gt; 
+struct is_void&lt;void&gt;
+{ static const bool value = true; };</pre>
+<p>Here we define a primary version of the template class <font size="2" face="Courier New">is_void</font>,
+and provide a full-specialisation when T is void. While full specialisation of a
+template class is an important technique, sometimes we need a solution that is
+halfway between a fully generic solution, and a full specialisation. This is
+exactly the situation for which the standards committee defined partial
+template-class specialisation. As an example, consider the class
+boost::is_pointer&lt;T&gt;: here we needed a primary version that handles all
+the cases where T is not a pointer, and a partial specialisation to handle all
+the cases where T is a pointer:</p>
+<pre>template &lt;typename T&gt; 
+struct is_pointer 
+{ static const bool value = false; };
+
+template &lt;typename T&gt; 
+struct is_pointer&lt;T*&gt; 
+{ static const bool value = true; };</pre>
+<p>The syntax for partial specialisation is somewhat arcane and could easily
+occupy an article in its own right; like full specialisation, in order to write
+a partial specialisation for a class, you must first declare the primary
+template. The partial specialisation contains an extra &lt;<EFBFBD>&gt; after the
+class name that contains the partial specialisation parameters; these define the
+types that will bind to that partial specialisation rather than the default
+template. The rules for what can appear in a partial specialisation are somewhat
+convoluted, but as a rule of thumb if you can legally write two function
+overloads of the form:</p>
+<pre>void foo(T);
+void foo(U);</pre>
+<p>Then you can also write a partial specialisation of the form:</p>
+<pre>template &lt;typename T&gt;
+class c{ /*details*/ };
+
+template &lt;typename T&gt;
+
+class c&lt;U&gt;{ /*details*/ };</pre>
+<p>This rule is by no means foolproof, but it is reasonably simple to remember
+and close enough to the actual rule to be useful for everyday use.</p>
+<p>As a more complex example of partial specialisation consider the class
+remove_bounds&lt;T&gt;. This class defines a single typedef-member <i>type</i>
+that is the same type as T but with any top-level array bounds removed; this is
+an example of a traits class that performs a transformation on a type:</p>
+<pre>template &lt;typename T&gt; 
+struct remove_bounds
+{ typedef T type; };
+
+template &lt;typename T, std::size_t N&gt; 
+struct remove_bounds&lt;T[N]&gt;
+{ typedef T type; };</pre>
+<p>The aim of remove_bounds is this: imagine a generic algorithm that is passed
+an array type as a template parameter, <font size="2" face="Courier New">remove_bounds</font>
+provides a means of determining the underlying type of the array. For example <code>remove_bounds&lt;int[4][5]&gt;::type</code>
+would evaluate to the type <code>int[5]</code>. This example also shows that the
+number of template parameters in a partial specialisation does not have to match
+the number in the default template. However, the number of parameters that
+appear after the class name do have to match the number and type of the
+parameters in the default template.</p>
+<h4>Optimised copy</h4>
+<p>As an example of how the type traits classes can be used, consider the
+standard library algorithm copy:</p>
+<pre>template&lt;typename Iter1, typename Iter2&gt;
+Iter2 copy(Iter1 first, Iter1 last, Iter2 out);</pre>
+<p>Obviously, there's no problem writing a generic version of copy that works
+for all iterator types Iter1 and Iter2; however, there are some circumstances
+when the copy operation can best be performed by a call to <font size="2" face="Courier New">memcpy</font>.
+In order to implement copy in terms of <font size="2" face="Courier New">memcpy</font>
+all of the following conditions need to be met:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>Both of the iterator types Iter1 and Iter2 must be pointers.</li>
+  <li>Both Iter1 and Iter2 must point to the same type - excluding <font size="2" face="Courier New">const</font>
+    and <font size="2" face="Courier New">volatile</font>-qualifiers.</li>
+  <li>The type pointed to by Iter1 must have a trivial assignment operator.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>By trivial assignment operator we mean that the type is either a scalar
+type[3] or:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>The type has no user defined assignment operator.</li>
+  <li>The type does not have any data members that are references.</li>
+  <li>All base classes, and all data member objects must have trivial assignment
+    operators.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>If all these conditions are met then a type can be copied using <font size="2" face="Courier New">memcpy</font>
+rather than using a compiler generated assignment operator. The type-traits
+library provides a class <i>has_trivial_assign</i>, such that <code>has_trivial_assign&lt;T&gt;::value</code>
+is true only if T has a trivial assignment operator. This class &quot;just
+works&quot; for scalar types, but has to be explicitly specialised for
+class/struct types that also happen to have a trivial assignment operator. In
+other words if <i>has_trivial_assign</i> gives the wrong answer, it will give
+the &quot;safe&quot; wrong answer - that trivial assignment is not allowable.</p>
+<p>The code for an optimised version of copy that uses <font size="2" face="Courier New">memcpy</font>
+where appropriate is given in listing 1. The code begins by defining a template
+class <i>copier</i>, that takes a single Boolean template parameter, and has a
+static template member function <font size="2" face="Courier New">do_copy</font>
+which performs the generic version of <font size="2">copy</font> (in other words
+the &quot;slow but safe version&quot;). Following that there is a specialisation
+for <i>copier&lt;true&gt;</i>: again this defines a static template member
+function <font size="2" face="Courier New">do_copy</font>, but this version uses
+memcpy to perform an &quot;optimised&quot; copy.</p>
+<p>In order to complete the implementation, what we need now is a version of
+copy, that calls <code>copier&lt;true&gt;::do_copy</code> if it is safe to use <font size="2" face="Courier New">memcpy</font>,
+and otherwise calls <code>copier&lt;false&gt;::do_copy</code> to do a
+&quot;generic&quot; copy. This is what the version in listing 1 does. To
+understand how the code works look at the code for <font size="2" face="Courier New">copy</font>
+and consider first the two typedefs <i>v1_t</i> and <i>v2_t</i>. These use <code>std::iterator_traits&lt;Iter1&gt;::value_type</code>
+to determine what type the two iterators point to, and then feed the result into
+another type-traits class <i>remove_cv</i> that removes the top-level
+const-volatile-qualifiers: this will allow copy to compare the two types without
+regard to const- or volatile-qualifiers. Next, <font size="2" face="Courier New">copy</font>
+declares an enumerated value <i>can_opt</i> that will become the template
+parameter to copier - declaring this here as a constant is really just a
+convenience - the value could be passed directly to class <font size="2" face="Courier New">copier</font>.
+The value of <i>can_opt</i> is computed by verifying that all of the following
+are true:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>first that the two iterators point to the same type by using a type-traits
+    class <i>is_same</i>.</li>
+  <li>Then that both iterators are real pointers - using the class <i>is_pointer</i>
+    described above.</li>
+  <li>Finally that the pointed-to types have a trivial assignment operator using
+    <i>has_trivial_assign</i>.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>Finally we can use the value of <i>can_opt</i> as the template argument to
+copier - this version of copy will now adapt to whatever parameters are passed
+to it, if its possible to use <font size="2" face="Courier New">memcpy</font>,
+then it will do so, otherwise it will use a generic copy.</p>
+<h4>Was it worth it?</h4>
+<p>It has often been repeated in these columns that &quot;premature optimisation
+is the root of all evil&quot; [4]. So the question must be asked: was our
+optimisation premature? To put this in perspective the timings for our version
+of copy compared a conventional generic copy[5] are shown in table 1.</p>
+<p>Clearly the optimisation makes a difference in this case; but, to be fair,
+the timings are loaded to exclude cache miss effects - without this accurate
+comparison between algorithms becomes difficult. However, perhaps we can add a
+couple of caveats to the premature optimisation rule:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>If you use the right algorithm for the job in the first place then
+    optimisation will not be required; in some cases, <font size="2" face="Courier New">memcpy</font>
+    is the right algorithm.</li>
+  <li>If a component is going to be reused in many places by many people then
+    optimisations may well be worthwhile where they would not be so for a single
+    case - in other words, the likelihood that the optimisation will be
+    absolutely necessary somewhere, sometime is that much higher. Just as
+    importantly the perceived value of the stock implementation will be higher:
+    there is no point standardising an algorithm if users reject it on the
+    grounds that there are better, more heavily optimised versions available.</li>
+</ul>
+<h4>Table 1: Time taken to copy 1000 elements using copy&lt;const T*, T*&gt;
+(times in micro-seconds)</h4>
+<table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="529">
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">
+      <p align="center">Version</p>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">
+      <p align="center">T</p>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">
+      <p align="center">Time</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">&quot;Optimised&quot; copy</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">char</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">0.99</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">Conventional copy</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">char</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">8.07</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">&quot;Optimised&quot; copy</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">int</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">2.52</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">Conventional copy</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">int</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="33%">8.02</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>Pair of References</h4>
+<p>The optimised copy example shows how type traits may be used to perform
+optimisation decisions at compile-time. Another important usage of type traits
+is to allow code to compile that otherwise would not do so unless excessive
+partial specialization is used. This is possible by delegating partial
+specialization to the type traits classes. Our example for this form of usage is
+a pair that can hold references [6].</p>
+<p>First, let us examine the definition of &quot;std::pair&quot;, omitting the
+comparision operators, default constructor, and template copy constructor for
+simplicity:</p>
+<pre>template &lt;typename T1, typename T2&gt; 
+struct pair 
+{
+  typedef T1 first_type;
+  typedef T2 second_type;
+
+  T1 first;
+  T2 second;
+
+  pair(const T1 &amp; nfirst, const T2 &amp; nsecond)
+  :first(nfirst), second(nsecond) { }
+};</pre>
+<p>Now, this &quot;pair&quot; cannot hold references as it currently stands,
+because the constructor would require taking a reference to a reference, which
+is currently illegal [7]. Let us consider what the constructor's parameters
+would have to be in order to allow &quot;pair&quot; to hold non-reference types,
+references, and constant references:</p>
+<table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="638">
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="50%">Type of &quot;T1&quot;</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="50%">Type of parameter to initializing constructor</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="50%">
+      <pre>T</pre>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="50%">
+      <pre>const T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="50%">
+      <pre>T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="50%">
+      <pre>T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="50%">
+      <pre>const T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="50%">
+      <pre>const T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>A little familiarity with the type traits classes allows us to construct a
+single mapping that allows us to determine the type of parameter from the type
+of the contained class. The type traits classes provide a transformation &quot;add_reference&quot;,
+which adds a reference to its type, unless it is already a reference.</p>
+<table border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="580">
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="21%">Type of &quot;T1&quot;</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="27%">Type of &quot;const T1&quot;</td>
+    <td valign="top" width="53%">Type of &quot;add_reference&lt;const
+      T1&gt;::type&quot;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="21%">
+      <pre>T</pre>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="27%">
+      <pre>const T</pre>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="53%">
+      <pre>const T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="21%">
+      <pre>T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="27%">
+      <pre>T &amp; [8]</pre>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="53%">
+      <pre>T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top" width="21%">
+      <pre>const T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="27%">
+      <pre>const T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+    <td valign="top" width="53%">
+      <pre>const T &amp;</pre>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>This allows us to build a primary template definition for &quot;pair&quot;
+that can contain non-reference types, reference types, and constant reference
+types:</p>
+<pre>template &lt;typename T1, typename T2&gt; 
+struct pair 
+{
+  typedef T1 first_type;
+  typedef T2 second_type;
+
+  T1 first;
+  T2 second;
+
+  pair(boost::add_reference&lt;const T1&gt;::type nfirst,
+       boost::add_reference&lt;const T2&gt;::type nsecond)
+  :first(nfirst), second(nsecond) { }
+};</pre>
+<p>Add back in the standard comparision operators, default constructor, and
+template copy constructor (which are all the same), and you have a std::pair
+that can hold reference types!</p>
+<p>This same extension <i>could</i> have been done using partial template
+specialization of &quot;pair&quot;, but to specialize &quot;pair&quot; in this
+way would require three partial specializations, plus the primary template. Type
+traits allows us to define a single primary template that adjusts itself
+auto-magically to any of these partial specializations, instead of a brute-force
+partial specialization approach. Using type traits in this fashion allows
+programmers to delegate partial specialization to the type traits classes,
+resulting in code that is easier to maintain and easier to understand.</p>
+<h4>Conclusion</h4>
+<p>We hope that in this article we have been able to give you some idea of what
+type-traits are all about. A more complete listing of the available classes are
+in the boost documentation, along with further examples using type traits.
+Templates have enabled C++ uses to take the advantage of the code reuse that
+generic programming brings; hopefully this article has shown that generic
+programming does not have to sink to the lowest common denominator, and that
+templates can be optimal as well as generic.</p>
+<h4>Acknowledgements</h4>
+<p>The authors would like to thank Beman Dawes and Howard Hinnant for their
+helpful comments when preparing this article.</p>
+<h4>References</h4>
+<ol>
+  <li>Nathan C. Myers, C++ Report, June 1995.</li>
+  <li>The type traits library is based upon contributions by Steve Cleary, Beman
+    Dawes, Howard Hinnant and John Maddock: it can be found at www.boost.org.</li>
+  <li>A scalar type is an arithmetic type (i.e. a built-in integer or floating
+    point type), an enumeration type, a pointer, a pointer to member, or a
+    const- or volatile-qualified version of one of these types.</li>
+  <li>This quote is from Donald Knuth, ACM Computing Surveys, December 1974, pg
+    268.</li>
+  <li>The test code is available as part of the boost utility library (see
+    algo_opt_examples.cpp), the code was compiled with gcc 2.95 with all
+    optimisations turned on, tests were conducted on a 400MHz Pentium II machine
+    running Microsoft Windows 98.</li>
+  <li>John Maddock and Howard Hinnant have submitted a &quot;compressed_pair&quot;
+    library to Boost, which uses a technique similar to the one described here
+    to hold references. Their pair also uses type traits to determine if any of
+    the types are empty, and will derive instead of contain to conserve space --
+    hence the name &quot;compressed&quot;.</li>
+  <li>This is actually an issue with the C++ Core Language Working Group (issue
+    #106), submitted by Bjarne Stroustrup. The tentative resolution is to allow
+    a &quot;reference to a reference to T&quot; to mean the same thing as a
+    &quot;reference to T&quot;, but only in template instantiation, in a method
+    similar to multiple cv-qualifiers.</li>
+  <li>For those of you who are wondering why this shouldn't be const-qualified,
+    remember that references are always implicitly constant (for example, you
+    can't re-assign a reference). Remember also that &quot;const T &amp;&quot;
+    is something completely different. For this reason, cv-qualifiers on
+    template type arguments that are references are ignored.</li>
+</ol>
+<h2>Listing 1</h2>
+<pre>namespace detail{
+
+template &lt;bool b&gt;
+struct copier
+{
+   template&lt;typename I1, typename I2&gt;
+   static I2 do_copy(I1 first, 
+                     I1 last, I2 out);
+};
+
+template &lt;bool b&gt;
+template&lt;typename I1, typename I2&gt;
+I2 copier&lt;b&gt;::do_copy(I1 first, 
+                      I1 last, 
+                      I2 out)
+{
+   while(first != last)
+   {
+      *out = *first;
+      ++out;
+      ++first;
+   }
+   return out;
+}
+
+template &lt;&gt;
+struct copier&lt;true&gt;
+{
+   template&lt;typename I1, typename I2&gt;
+   static I2* do_copy(I1* first, I1* last, I2* out)
+   {
+      memcpy(out, first, (last-first)*sizeof(I2));
+      return out+(last-first);
+   }
+};
+
+}
+
+template&lt;typename I1, typename I2&gt;
+inline I2 copy(I1 first, I1 last, I2 out)
+{
+   typedef typename 
+    boost::remove_cv&lt;
+     typename std::iterator_traits&lt;I1&gt;
+      ::value_type&gt;::type v1_t;
+
+   typedef typename 
+    boost::remove_cv&lt;
+     typename std::iterator_traits&lt;I2&gt;
+      ::value_type&gt;::type v2_t;
+
+   enum{ can_opt = 
+      boost::is_same&lt;v1_t, v2_t&gt;::value
+      &amp;&amp; boost::is_pointer&lt;I1&gt;::value
+      &amp;&amp; boost::is_pointer&lt;I2&gt;::value
+      &amp;&amp; boost::
+      has_trivial_assign&lt;v1_t&gt;::value 
+   };
+
+   return detail::copier&lt;can_opt&gt;::
+      do_copy(first, last, out);
+}</pre>
+<hr>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright John Maddock and Steve Cleary, 2000</p>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>

call_traits_test.cpp

@@ -1,368 +0,0 @@
-
-#include <cassert>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <typeinfo>
-#include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
-
-#ifdef __BORLANDC__
-// turn off some warnings, the way we do the tests will generate a *lot* of these
-// this is a result of the tests not call_traits itself....
-#pragma option -w-8004 -w-ccc -w-rch -w-eff -w-aus
-#endif
-
-//
-// struct contained models a type that contains a type (for example std::pair)
-// arrays are contained by value, and have to be treated as a special case:
-//
-template <class T>
-struct contained
-{
-   // define our typedefs first, arrays are stored by value
-   // so value_type is not the same as result_type:
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type       param_type;
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::reference        reference;
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference  const_reference;
-   typedef T                                                value_type;
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::value_type       result_type;
-
-   // stored value:
-   value_type v_;
-   
-   // constructors:
-   contained() {}
-   contained(param_type p) : v_(p){}
-   // return byval:
-   result_type value()const { return v_; }
-   // return by_ref:
-   reference get() { return v_; }
-   const_reference const_get()const { return v_; }
-   // pass value:
-   void call(param_type p){}
-
-};
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-template <class T, std::size_t N>
-struct contained<T[N]>
-{
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::param_type       param_type;
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::reference        reference;
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::const_reference  const_reference;
-   typedef T                                                   value_type[N];
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::value_type       result_type;
-
-   value_type v_;
-
-   contained(param_type p)
-   {
-      std::copy(p, p+N, v_);
-   }
-   // return byval:
-   result_type value()const { return v_; }
-   // return by_ref:
-   reference get() { return v_; }
-   const_reference const_get()const { return v_; }
-   void call(param_type p){}
-};
-#endif
-
-template <class T>
-contained<typename boost::call_traits<T>::value_type> wrap(const T& t)
-{
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::value_type ct;
-   return contained<ct>(t);
-}
-
-namespace test{
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-std::pair<
-   typename boost::call_traits<T1>::value_type,
-   typename boost::call_traits<T2>::value_type>
-      make_pair(const T1& t1, const T2& t2)
-{
-   return std::pair<
-      typename boost::call_traits<T1>::value_type,
-      typename boost::call_traits<T2>::value_type>(t1, t2);
-}
-
-} // namespace test
-
-using namespace std;
-
-//
-// struct checker:
-// verifies behaviour of contained example:
-//
-template <class T>
-struct checker
-{
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type param_type;
-   void operator()(param_type);
-};
-
-template <class T>
-void checker<T>::operator()(param_type p)
-{
-   T t(p);
-   contained<T> c(t);
-   cout << "checking contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">..." << endl;
-   assert(t == c.value());
-   assert(t == c.get());
-   assert(t == c.const_get());
-
-   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::v_ is:           " << typeid(&contained<T>::v_).name() << endl;
-   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::value() is:      " << typeid(&contained<T>::value).name() << endl;
-   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::get() is:        " << typeid(&contained<T>::get).name() << endl;
-   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::const_get() is:  " << typeid(&contained<T>::const_get).name() << endl;
-   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::call() is:       " << typeid(&contained<T>::call).name() << endl;
-   cout << endl;
-}
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-template <class T, std::size_t N>
-struct checker<T[N]>
-{
-   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::param_type param_type;
-   void operator()(param_type t)
-   {
-      contained<T[N]> c(t);
-      cout << "checking contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">..." << endl;
-      unsigned int i = 0;
-      for(i = 0; i < N; ++i)
-         assert(t[i] == c.value()[i]);
-      for(i = 0; i < N; ++i)
-         assert(t[i] == c.get()[i]);
-      for(i = 0; i < N; ++i)
-         assert(t[i] == c.const_get()[i]);
-
-      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::v_ is:         " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::v_).name() << endl;
-      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::value is:      " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::value).name() << endl;
-      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::get is:        " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::get).name() << endl;
-      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::const_get is:  " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::const_get).name() << endl;
-      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::call is:       " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::call).name() << endl;
-      cout << endl;
-   }
-};
-#endif
-
-//
-// check_wrap:
-template <class T, class U>
-void check_wrap(const contained<T>& w, const U& u)
-{
-   cout << "checking contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">..." << endl;
-   assert(w.value() == u);
-}
-
-//
-// check_make_pair:
-// verifies behaviour of "make_pair":
-//
-template <class T, class U, class V>
-void check_make_pair(T c, U u, V v)
-{
-   cout << "checking std::pair<" << typeid(c.first).name() << ", " << typeid(c.second).name() << ">..." << endl;
-   assert(c.first == u);
-   assert(c.second == v);
-   cout << endl;
-}
-
-
-struct UDT
-{
-   int i_;
-   UDT() : i_(2){}
-   bool operator == (const UDT& v){ return v.i_ == i_; }
-};
-
-//
-// define tests here
-unsigned failures = 0;
-unsigned test_count = 0;
-
-#define value_test(v, x) ++test_count;\
-                         if(v != x){++failures; std::cout << "checking value of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl;}
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                           if(boost::is_same<v, x>::value == false){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << typeid(boost::is_same<v, x>).name() << "::value is false" << std::endl; }
-#else
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(typeid(v) != typeid(x)){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << "typeid(" #v ") != typeid(" #x ")" << std::endl; }
-#endif
-
-int main()
-{
-   checker<UDT> c1;
-   UDT u;
-   c1(u);
-   checker<int> c2;
-   int i = 2;
-   c2(i);
-   int* pi = &i;
-   checker<int*> c3;
-   c3(pi);
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-   checker<int&> c4;
-   c4(i);
-   checker<const int&> c5;
-   c5(i);
-
-   int a[2] = {1,2};
-   checker<int[2]> c6;
-   c6(a);
-#endif
-
-   check_wrap(wrap(2), 2);
-   const char ca[4] = "abc";
-   // compiler can't deduce this for some reason:
-   //check_wrap(wrap(ca), ca);
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-   check_wrap(wrap(a), a);
-   check_make_pair(test::make_pair(a, a), a, a);
-#endif
-
-   // cv-qualifiers applied to reference types should have no effect
-   // declare these here for later use with is_reference and remove_reference:
-   typedef int& r_type;
-   typedef const r_type cr_type;
-
-   type_test(UDT, boost::call_traits<UDT>::value_type)
-   type_test(UDT&, boost::call_traits<UDT>::reference)
-   type_test(const UDT&, boost::call_traits<UDT>::const_reference)
-   type_test(const UDT&, boost::call_traits<UDT>::param_type)
-   type_test(int, boost::call_traits<int>::value_type)
-   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<int>::reference)
-   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<int>::const_reference)
-   type_test(const int, boost::call_traits<int>::param_type)
-   type_test(int*, boost::call_traits<int*>::value_type)
-   type_test(int*&, boost::call_traits<int*>::reference)
-   type_test(int*const&, boost::call_traits<int*>::const_reference)
-   type_test(int*const, boost::call_traits<int*>::param_type)
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::value_type)
-   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::reference)
-   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::const_reference)
-   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::param_type)
-#if !(defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 3))
-   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::value_type)
-   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::reference)
-   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::const_reference)
-   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::param_type)
-#else
-   std::cout << "GNU C++ cannot instantiate call_traits<cr_type>, skipping four tests (4 errors)" << std::endl;
-   failures += 4;
-   test_count += 4;
-#endif
-   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::value_type)
-   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::reference)
-   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::const_reference)
-   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::param_type)
-   type_test(const int*, boost::call_traits<int[3]>::value_type)
-   type_test(int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<int[3]>::reference)
-   type_test(const int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<int[3]>::const_reference)
-   type_test(const int*const, boost::call_traits<int[3]>::param_type)
-   type_test(const int*, boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::value_type)
-   type_test(const int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::reference)
-   type_test(const int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::const_reference)
-   type_test(const int*const, boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::param_type)
-#else
-   std::cout << "You're compiler does not support partial template instantiation, skipping 20 tests (20 errors)" << std::endl;
-   failures += 20;
-   test_count += 20;
-#endif
-
-   std::cout << std::endl << test_count << " tests completed (" << failures << " failures)... press any key to exit";
-   std::cin.get();
-   return failures;
-}
-
-//
-// define call_traits tests to check that the assertions in the docs do actually work
-// this is an instantiate only set of tests:
-//
-template <typename T, bool isarray = false>
-struct call_traits_test
-{
-   static void assert_construct(boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val);
-};
-
-template <typename T, bool isarray>
-void call_traits_test<T, isarray>::assert_construct(boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val)
-{
-   //
-   // this is to check that the call_traits assertions are valid:
-   T t(val);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v4(p);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr4(cr);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr5(p);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p4(p);
-}
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits_test<T, true>
-{
-   static void assert_construct(boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val);
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-void call_traits_test<T, true>::assert_construct(boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val)
-{
-   //
-   // this is to check that the call_traits assertions are valid:
-   T t;
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v5(val);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r = t;
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr = t;
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r2 = r;
-   #ifndef __BORLANDC__
-   // C++ Builder buglet:
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr2 = r;
-   #endif
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr3 = cr;
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v4(p);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p4(p);
-}
-#endif //BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-
-//
-// now check call_traits assertions by instantiating call_traits_test:
-template struct call_traits_test<int>;
-template struct call_traits_test<const int>;
-template struct call_traits_test<int*>;
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-template struct call_traits_test<int&>;
-template struct call_traits_test<const int&>;
-template struct call_traits_test<int[2], true>;
-#endif
-
-

cast_test.cpp

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-//  boost utility cast test program  -----------------------------------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright boost.org 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
-//  and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright
-//  notice appears in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without
-//  express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-//  any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Revision History
-//   28 Jun 00  implicit_cast removed (Beman Dawes)
-//   30 Aug 99  value_cast replaced by numeric_cast
-//    3 Aug 99  Initial Version
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <climits>
-#include <limits>
-#include <boost/cast.hpp>
-
-#  if SCHAR_MAX == LONG_MAX
-#      error "This test program doesn't work if SCHAR_MAX == LONG_MAX"
-#  endif 
-
-using namespace boost;
-using std::cout;
-
-namespace
-{
-    struct Base
-    { 
-        virtual char kind() { return 'B'; }
-    };
-    
-    struct Base2
-    { 
-        virtual char kind2() { return '2'; }
-    };
-    
-    struct Derived : public Base, Base2
-    {
-        virtual char kind() { return 'D'; }
-    }; 
-}   
-
-
-int main( int argc, char * argv[] )
-{
-    cout << "Usage: test_casts [n], where n omitted or is:\n"
-            "  1 = execute #1 assert failure (#ifndef NDEBUG)\n"
-            "  2 = execute #2 assert failure (#ifndef NDEBUG)\n"
-            "Example: test_casts 2\n\n";
-
-#   ifdef NDEBUG
-        cout << "NDEBUG is defined\n";
-#   else
-        cout << "NDEBUG is not defined\n";
-#   endif
-
-    cout << "\nBeginning tests...\n";        
-
-//  test polymorphic_cast  ---------------------------------------------------//
-    
-    //  tests which should succeed
-    Base *    base = new Derived;
-    Base2 *   base2 = 0;
-    Derived * derived = 0;
-    derived = polymorphic_downcast<Derived*>( base );  // downcast
-    assert( derived->kind() == 'D' );
-
-    derived = 0;
-    derived = polymorphic_cast<Derived*>( base ); // downcast, throw on error
-    assert( derived->kind() == 'D' );
-
-    base2 = polymorphic_cast<Base2*>( base ); // crosscast
-    assert( base2->kind2() == '2' );
-
-     //  tests which should result in errors being detected
-    int err_count = 0;
-    base = new Base;
-
-    if ( argc > 1 && *argv[1] == '1' )
-        { derived = polymorphic_downcast<Derived*>( base ); } // #1 assert failure
-
-    bool caught_exception = false;
-    try { derived = polymorphic_cast<Derived*>( base ); }
-    catch (std::bad_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_cast\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-    //  the following is just so generated code can be inspected
-    if ( derived->kind() == 'B' ) ++err_count;
-
-//  test implicit_cast and numeric_cast  -------------------------------------//
-    
-    //  tests which should succeed
-    long small_value = 1;
-    long small_negative_value = -1;
-    long large_value = std::numeric_limits<long>::max();
-    long large_negative_value = std::numeric_limits<long>::min();
-    signed char c = 0;
-
-    c = large_value;  // see if compiler generates warning
-
-    c = numeric_cast<signed char>( small_value );
-    assert( c == 1 );
-    c = 0;
-    c = numeric_cast<signed char>( small_value );
-    assert( c == 1 );
-    c = 0;
-    c = numeric_cast<signed char>( small_negative_value );
-    assert( c == -1 );
-
-    //  tests which should result in errors being detected
-
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { c = numeric_cast<signed char>( large_value ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #1\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { c = numeric_cast<signed char>( large_negative_value ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #2\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    unsigned long ul;
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { ul = numeric_cast<unsigned long>( large_negative_value ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #3\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { ul = numeric_cast<unsigned long>( small_negative_value ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #4\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { numeric_cast<int>( std::numeric_limits<double>::max() ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #5\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    cout << err_count << " errors detected\nTest "
-         << (err_count==0 ? "passed\n" : "failed\n");
-    return err_count;
-}   // main

compressed_pair_test.cpp

@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-// boost::compressed_pair test program
-
-//  (C) Copyright John Maddock 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <typeinfo>
-#include <cassert>
-
-#include <boost/compressed_pair.hpp>
-
-using namespace boost;
-
-#ifdef __BORLANDC__
-#pragma option -w-ccc -w-rch -w-eff -w-aus
-#endif
-
-//
-// define tests here
-unsigned failures = 0;
-unsigned test_count = 0;
-
-#define value_test(v, x) ++test_count;\
-                         if(v != x){++failures; std::cout << "checking value of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl;}
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(boost::is_same<v, x>::value == false){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << typeid(boost::is_same<v, x>).name() << "::value is false" << std::endl; }
-#else
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(typeid(v) != typeid(x)){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << "typeid(" #v ") != typeid(" #x ")" << std::endl; }
-#endif
-
-struct empty_POD_UDT{};
-struct empty_UDT
-{
-  ~empty_UDT(){};
-};
-namespace boost {
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_INCLASS_MEMBER_INITIALIZATION
-template <> struct is_empty<empty_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_empty<empty_POD_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-#else
-template <> struct is_empty<empty_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_empty<empty_POD_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-#endif
-}
-
-
-int main()
-{
-   compressed_pair<int, double> cp1(1, 1.3);
-   assert(cp1.first() == 1);
-   assert(cp1.second() == 1.3);
-   compressed_pair<int, double> cp1b(2, 2.3);
-   assert(cp1b.first() == 2);
-   assert(cp1b.second() == 2.3);
-   swap(cp1, cp1b);
-   assert(cp1b.first() == 1);
-   assert(cp1b.second() == 1.3);
-   assert(cp1.first() == 2);
-   assert(cp1.second() == 2.3);
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-   compressed_pair<empty_UDT, int> cp2(2);
-   assert(cp2.second() == 2);
-#endif
-   compressed_pair<int, empty_UDT> cp3(1);
-   assert(cp3.first() ==1);
-   compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_UDT> cp4;
-   compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_POD_UDT> cp5;
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-   int i = 0;
-   compressed_pair<int&, int&> cp6(i,i);
-   assert(cp6.first() == i);
-   assert(cp6.second() == i);
-   assert(&cp6.first() == &i);
-   assert(&cp6.second() == &i);
-   compressed_pair<int, double[2]> cp7;
-   cp7.first();
-   double* pd = cp7.second();
-#endif
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<empty_UDT, int>) < sizeof(std::pair<empty_UDT, int>)))
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<int, empty_UDT>) < sizeof(std::pair<int, empty_UDT>)))
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_UDT>) < sizeof(std::pair<empty_UDT, empty_UDT>)))
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_POD_UDT>) < sizeof(std::pair<empty_UDT, empty_POD_UDT>)))
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<empty_UDT, compressed_pair<empty_POD_UDT, int> >) < sizeof(std::pair<empty_UDT, std::pair<empty_POD_UDT, int> >)))
-
-   std::cout << std::endl << test_count << " tests completed (" << failures << " failures)... press any key to exit";
-   std::cin.get();
-   return failures;
-}
-
-//
-// instanciate some compressed pairs:
-template class boost::compressed_pair<int, double>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<int, int>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<empty_UDT, int>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<int, empty_UDT>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_UDT>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_POD_UDT>;
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-//
-// now some for which only a few specific members can be instantiated,
-// first references:
-template double& compressed_pair<double, int&>::first();
-template int& compressed_pair<double, int&>::second();
-template compressed_pair<double, int&>::compressed_pair(int&);
-template compressed_pair<double, int&>::compressed_pair(call_traits<double>::param_type,int&);
-//
-// and then arrays:
-#ifndef __BORLANDC__
-template call_traits<int[2]>::reference compressed_pair<double, int[2]>::second();
-#endif
-template call_traits<double>::reference compressed_pair<double, int[2]>::first();
-template compressed_pair<double, int[2]>::compressed_pair(const double&);
-template compressed_pair<double, int[2]>::compressed_pair();
-#endif // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-
-
-
-

include/boost/call_traits.hpp

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Boost.org 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-//  See boost/detail/call_traits.hpp and boost/detail/ob_call_traits.hpp
-//  for full copyright notices.
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#define BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#include <boost/detail/ob_call_traits.hpp>
-#else
-#include <boost/detail/call_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#endif // BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP

include/boost/compressed_pair.hpp

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Boost.org 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-//  See boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp and boost/detail/ob_compressed_pair.hpp
-//  for full copyright notices.
-
-#ifndef BOOST_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-#define BOOST_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#include <boost/detail/ob_compressed_pair.hpp>
-#else
-#include <boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#endif // BOOST_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP

include/boost/detail/call_traits.hpp

@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-/* Release notes:
-   23rd July 2000:
-      Fixed array specialization. (JM)
-      Added Borland specific fixes for reference types
-      (issue raised by Steve Cleary).
-*/
-
-#ifndef BOOST_DETAIL_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#define BOOST_DETAIL_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef BOOST_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost{
-
-namespace detail{
-
-template <typename T, bool isp, bool b1, bool b2>
-struct ct_imp
-{
-   typedef const T& param_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T, bool isp>
-struct ct_imp<T, isp, true, true>
-{
-   typedef T const param_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T, bool b1, bool b2>
-struct ct_imp<T, true, b1, b2>
-{
-   typedef T const param_type;
-};
-
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits
-{
-public:
-   typedef T value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   //
-   // C++ Builder workaround: we should be able to define a compile time
-   // constant and pass that as a single template parameter to ct_imp<T,bool>,
-   // however compiler bugs prevent this - instead pass three bool's to
-   // ct_imp<T,bool,bool,bool> and add an extra partial specialisation
-   // of ct_imp to handle the logic. (JM)
-   typedef typename detail::ct_imp<T, ::boost::is_pointer<typename remove_const<T>::type>::value, ::boost::is_arithmetic<typename remove_const<T>::type>::value, sizeof(T) <= sizeof(void*)>::param_type param_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits<T&>
-{
-   typedef T& value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
-};
-
-#if defined(__BORLANDC__) && (__BORLANDC__ <= 0x550)
-// these are illegal specialisations; cv-qualifies applied to
-// references have no effect according to [8.3.2p1],
-// C++ Builder requires them though as it treats cv-qualified
-// references as distinct types...
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits<T&const>
-{
-   typedef T& value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
-};
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits<T&volatile>
-{
-   typedef T& value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
-};
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits<T&const volatile>
-{
-   typedef T& value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
-};
-#endif
-
-template <typename T, std::size_t N>
-struct call_traits<T [N]>
-{
-private:
-   typedef T array_type[N];
-public:
-   // degrades array to pointer:
-   typedef const T* value_type;
-   typedef array_type& reference;
-   typedef const array_type& const_reference;
-   typedef const T* const param_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T, std::size_t N>
-struct call_traits<const T [N]>
-{
-private:
-   typedef const T array_type[N];
-public:
-   // degrades array to pointer:
-   typedef const T* value_type;
-   typedef array_type& reference;
-   typedef const array_type& const_reference;
-   typedef const T* const param_type;
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif // BOOST_DETAIL_CALL_TRAITS_HPP

include/boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp

@@ -1,420 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//
-// JM changes 25 Jan 2000:
-// Removed default arguments from compressed_pair_switch to get
-// C++ Builder 4 to accept them
-// rewriten swap to get gcc and C++ builder to compile.
-// added partial specialisations for case T1 == T2 to avoid duplicate constructor defs.
-
-#ifndef BOOST_DETAIL_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-#define BOOST_DETAIL_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#ifndef BOOST_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-#ifndef BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost
-{
-
-// compressed_pair
-
-namespace details
-{
-   // JM altered 26 Jan 2000:
-   template <class T1, class T2, bool IsSame, bool FirstEmpty, bool SecondEmpty>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch;
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, false, false, false>
-      {static const int value = 0;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, false, true, true>
-      {static const int value = 3;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, false, true, false>
-      {static const int value = 1;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, false, false, true>
-      {static const int value = 2;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, true, true, true>
-      {static const int value = 4;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, true, false, false>
-      {static const int value = 5;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2, int Version> class compressed_pair_imp;
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-   // workaround for GCC (JM):
-   using std::swap;
-#endif
-   //
-   // can't call unqualified swap from within classname::swap
-   // as Koenig lookup rules will find only the classname::swap
-   // member function not the global declaration, so use cp_swap
-   // as a forwarding function (JM):
-   template <typename T>
-   inline void cp_swap(T& t1, T& t2)
-   {
-      using std::swap;
-      swap(t1, t2);
-   }
-
-   // 0    derive from neither
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 0>
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {} 
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : first_(x), second_(y) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(second_param_type y)
-         : second_(y) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return first_;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return first_;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return second_;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return second_;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp& y)
-      {
-         cp_swap(first_, y.first_);
-         cp_swap(second_, y.second_);
-      }
-   private:
-      first_type first_;
-      second_type second_;
-   };
-
-   // 1    derive from T1
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 1>
-      : private T1
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : first_type(x), second_(y) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_type(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(second_param_type y)
-         : second_(y) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return *this;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return *this;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return second_;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return second_;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp& y)
-      {
-         // no need to swap empty base class:
-         cp_swap(second_, y.second_);
-      }
-   private:
-      second_type second_;
-   };
-
-   // 2    derive from T2
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 2>
-      : private T2
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : second_type(y), first_(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(second_param_type y)
-         : second_type(y) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return first_;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return first_;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return *this;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return *this;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp& y)
-      {
-         // no need to swap empty base class:
-         cp_swap(first_, y.first_);
-      }
-
-   private:
-      first_type first_;
-   };
-
-   // 3    derive from T1 and T2
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 3>
-      : private T1,
-        private T2
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : first_type(x), second_type(y) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_type(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(second_param_type y)
-         : second_type(y) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return *this;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return *this;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return *this;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return *this;}
-      //
-      // no need to swap empty bases:
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp&) {}
-   };
-
-   // JM
-   // 4    T1 == T2, T1 and T2 both empty
-   //      Note does not actually store an instance of T2 at all -
-   //      but reuses T1 base class for both first() and second().
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 4>
-      : private T1
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type)
-         : first_type(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_type(x) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return *this;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return *this;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return *this;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return *this;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp&) {}
-   private:
-   };
-
-   // 5    T1 == T2 and are not empty:   //JM
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 5>
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : first_(x), second_(y) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_(x), second_(x) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return first_;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return first_;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return second_;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return second_;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 5>& y)
-      {
-         cp_swap(first_, y.first_);
-         cp_swap(second_, y.second_);
-      }
-   private:
-      first_type first_;
-      second_type second_;
-   };
-
-}  // details
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-class compressed_pair
-   : private ::boost::details::compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2,
-             ::boost::details::compressed_pair_switch<
-                    T1,
-                    T2,
-                    ::boost::is_same<typename remove_cv<T1>::type, typename remove_cv<T2>::type>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T1>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T2>::value>::value>
-{
-private:
-   typedef details::compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2,
-             ::boost::details::compressed_pair_switch<
-                    T1,
-                    T2,
-                    ::boost::is_same<typename remove_cv<T1>::type, typename remove_cv<T2>::type>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T1>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T2>::value>::value> base;
-public:
-   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-            compressed_pair() : base() {}
-            compressed_pair(first_param_type x, second_param_type y) : base(x, y) {}
-   explicit compressed_pair(first_param_type x) : base(x) {}
-   explicit compressed_pair(second_param_type y) : base(y) {}
-
-   first_reference       first()       {return base::first();}
-   first_const_reference first() const {return base::first();}
-
-   second_reference       second()       {return base::second();}
-   second_const_reference second() const {return base::second();}
-
-   void swap(compressed_pair& y) { base::swap(y); }
-};
-
-// JM
-// Partial specialisation for case where T1 == T2:
-//
-template <class T>
-class compressed_pair<T, T>
-   : private details::compressed_pair_imp<T, T,
-             ::boost::details::compressed_pair_switch<
-                    T,
-                    T,
-                    ::boost::is_same<typename remove_cv<T>::type, typename remove_cv<T>::type>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T>::value>::value>
-{
-private:
-   typedef details::compressed_pair_imp<T, T,
-             ::boost::details::compressed_pair_switch<
-                    T,
-                    T,
-                    ::boost::is_same<typename remove_cv<T>::type, typename remove_cv<T>::type>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T>::value>::value> base;
-public:
-   typedef T                                                  first_type;
-   typedef T                                                  second_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-            compressed_pair() : base() {}
-            compressed_pair(first_param_type x, second_param_type y) : base(x, y) {}
-   explicit compressed_pair(first_param_type x) : base(x) {}
-
-   first_reference       first()       {return base::first();}
-   first_const_reference first() const {return base::first();}
-
-   second_reference       second()       {return base::second();}
-   second_const_reference second() const {return base::second();}
-
-   void swap(compressed_pair& y) { base::swap(y); }
-};
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-inline
-void
-swap(compressed_pair<T1, T2>& x, compressed_pair<T1, T2>& y)
-{
-   x.swap(y);
-}
-
-} // boost
-
-#endif // BOOST_DETAIL_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-
-

include/boost/detail/ob_call_traits.hpp

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-//
-//  Crippled version for crippled compilers:
-//
-#ifndef BOOST_OB_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#define BOOST_OB_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef BOOST_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost{
-
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits
-{
-   typedef T value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef const T& param_type;
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif // BOOST_OB_CALL_TRAITS_HPP

include/boost/detail/ob_compressed_pair.hpp

@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-//
-/* Release notes:
-   23rd July 2000:
-      Additional comments added. (JM)
-   Jan 2000:
-      Original version: this version crippled for use with crippled compilers
-      - John Maddock Jan 2000.
-*/
-
-
-#ifndef BOOST_OB_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-#define BOOST_OB_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#ifndef BOOST_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-#ifndef BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost
-{
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-class compressed_pair
-{
-private:
-   T1 _first;
-   T2 _second;
-public:
-   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-            compressed_pair() : _first(), _second() {}
-            compressed_pair(first_param_type x, second_param_type y) : _first(x), _second(y) {}
-   explicit compressed_pair(first_param_type x) : _first(x), _second() {}
-   // can't define this in case T1 == T2:
-   // explicit compressed_pair(second_param_type y) : _first(), _second(y) {}
-
-   first_reference       first()       { return _first; }
-   first_const_reference first() const { return _first; }
-
-   second_reference       second()       { return _second; }
-   second_const_reference second() const { return _second; }
-
-   void swap(compressed_pair& y)
-   {
-      using std::swap;
-      swap(_first, y._first);
-      swap(_second, y._second);
-   }
-};
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-inline void swap(compressed_pair<T1, T2>& x, compressed_pair<T1, T2>& y)
-{
-   x.swap(y);
-}
-
-} // boost
-
-#endif // BOOST_OB_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-

include/boost/operators.hpp

@@ -1,559 +0,0 @@
-//  Boost operators.hpp header file  ----------------------------------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 1999. Permission to copy, use,
-//  modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-//  to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-//  to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Revision History
-//  04 Jul 00 Fixed NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE bugs, major cleanup and
-//            refactoring of compiler workarounds, additional documentation
-//            (Alexy Gurtovoy and Mark Rodgers with some help and prompting from
-//            Dave Abrahams) 
-//  28 Jun 00 General cleanup and integration of bugfixes from Mark Rodgers and
-//            Jeremy Siek (Dave Abrahams)
-//  20 Jun 00 Changes to accommodate Borland C++Builder 4 and Borland C++ 5.5
-//            (Mark Rodgers)
-//  20 Jun 00 Minor fixes to the prior revision (Aleksey Gurtovoy)
-//  10 Jun 00 Support for the base class chaining technique was added
-//            (Aleksey Gurtovoy). See documentation and the comments below 
-//            for the details. 
-//  12 Dec 99 Initial version with iterator operators (Jeremy Siek)
-//  18 Nov 99 Change name "divideable" to "dividable", remove unnecessary
-//            specializations of dividable, subtractable, modable (Ed Brey) 
-//  17 Nov 99 Add comments (Beman Dawes)
-//            Remove unnecessary specialization of operators<> (Ed Brey)
-//  15 Nov 99 Fix less_than_comparable<T,U> second operand type for first two
-//            operators.(Beman Dawes)
-//  12 Nov 99 Add operators templates (Ed Brey)
-//  11 Nov 99 Add single template parameter version for compilers without
-//            partial specialization (Beman Dawes)
-//  10 Nov 99 Initial version
-
-// 10 Jun 00:
-// An additional optional template parameter was added to most of 
-// operator templates to support the base class chaining technique (see 
-// documentation for the details). Unfortunately, a straightforward
-// implementation of this change would have broken compatibility with the
-// previous version of the library by making it impossible to use the same
-// template name (e.g. 'addable') for both the 1- and 2-argument versions of
-// an operator template. This implementation solves the backward-compatibility
-// issue at the cost of some simplicity.
-//
-// One of the complications is an existence of special auxiliary class template
-// 'is_chained_base<>' (see 'detail' namespace below), which is used
-// to determine whether its template parameter is a library's operator template
-// or not. You have to specialize 'is_chained_base<>' for each new 
-// operator template you add to the library.
-//
-// However, most of the non-trivial implementation details are hidden behind 
-// several local macros defined below, and as soon as you understand them,
-// you understand the whole library implementation. 
-
-#ifndef BOOST_OPERATORS_HPP
-#define BOOST_OPERATORS_HPP
-
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#include <boost/iterator.hpp>
-
-#if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__)
-#pragma set woff 1234
-#endif
-
-namespace boost {
-namespace detail {
-
-class empty_base {};
-
-} // namespace detail
-} // namespace boost
-
-// In this section we supply the xxxx1 and xxxx2 forms of the operator
-// templates, which are explicitly targeted at the 1-type-argument and
-// 2-type-argument operator forms, respectively. Some compilers get confused
-// when inline friend functions are overloaded in namespaces other than the
-// global namespace. When BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE is defined, all of
-// these templates must go in the global namespace.
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-namespace boost
-{
-#endif
-
-//  Basic operator classes (contributed by Dave Abrahams) ------------------//
-
-//  Note that friend functions defined in a class are implicitly inline.
-//  See the C++ std, 11.4 [class.friend] paragraph 5
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct less_than_comparable2 : B
-{
-     friend bool operator<=(const T& x, const U& y) { return !(x > y); }
-     friend bool operator>=(const T& x, const U& y) { return !(x < y); }
-     friend bool operator>(const U& x, const T& y)  { return y < x; }
-     friend bool operator<(const U& x, const T& y)  { return y > x; }
-     friend bool operator<=(const U& x, const T& y) { return !(y < x); }
-     friend bool operator>=(const U& x, const T& y) { return !(y > x); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct less_than_comparable1 : B
-{
-     friend bool operator>(const T& x, const T& y)  { return y < x; }
-     friend bool operator<=(const T& x, const T& y) { return !(y < x); }
-     friend bool operator>=(const T& x, const T& y) { return !(x < y); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct equality_comparable2 : B
-{
-     friend bool operator==(const U& y, const T& x) { return x == y; }
-     friend bool operator!=(const U& y, const T& x) { return !(x == y); }
-     friend bool operator!=(const T& y, const U& x) { return !(y == x); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct equality_comparable1 : B
-{
-     friend bool operator!=(const T& x, const T& y) { return !(x == y); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct multipliable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator*(T x, const U& y) { return x *= y; }
-     friend T operator*(const U& y, T x) { return x *= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct multipliable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator*(T x, const T& y) { return x *= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct addable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator+(T x, const U& y) { return x += y; }
-     friend T operator+(const U& y, T x) { return x += y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct addable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator+(T x, const T& y) { return x += y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct subtractable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator-(T x, const U& y) { return x -= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct subtractable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator-(T x, const T& y) { return x -= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct dividable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator/(T x, const U& y) { return x /= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct dividable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator/(T x, const T& y) { return x /= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct modable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator%(T x, const U& y) { return x %= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct modable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator%(T x, const T& y) { return x %= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct xorable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator^(T x, const U& y) { return x ^= y; }
-     friend T operator^(const U& y, T x) { return x ^= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct xorable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator^(T x, const T& y) { return x ^= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct andable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator&(T x, const U& y) { return x &= y; }
-     friend T operator&(const U& y, T x) { return x &= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct andable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator&(T x, const T& y) { return x &= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct orable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator|(T x, const U& y) { return x |= y; }
-     friend T operator|(const U& y, T x) { return x |= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct orable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator|(T x, const T& y) { return x |= y; }
-};
-
-//  incrementable and decrementable contributed by Jeremy Siek
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct incrementable : B
-{
-  friend T operator++(T& x, int)
-  {
-    incrementable_type tmp(x);
-    ++x;
-    return tmp;
-  }
-private: // The use of this typedef works around a Borland bug
-  typedef T incrementable_type;
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct decrementable : B
-{
-  friend T operator--(T& x, int)
-  {
-    decrementable_type tmp(x);
-    --x;
-    return tmp;
-  }
-private: // The use of this typedef works around a Borland bug
-  typedef T decrementable_type;
-};
-
-//  Iterator operator classes (contributed by Jeremy Siek) ------------------//
-
-template <class T, class P, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct dereferenceable : B
-{
-  P operator->() const
-  { 
-    return &*static_cast<const T&>(*this); 
-  }
-};
-
-template <class T, class I, class R, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct indexable : B
-{
-  R operator[](I n) const
-  {
-    return *(static_cast<const T&>(*this) + n);
-  }
-};
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-} // namespace boost
-#endif // BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-
-
-// BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1/BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2 -
-//
-// When BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE is defined we need a way to import an
-// operator template into the boost namespace. BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1 is used
-// for one-argument forms of operator templates; BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2 for
-// two-argument forms. Note that these macros expect to be invoked from within
-// boost.
-
-#if defined(BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE)
-
-#  if defined(BOOST_NO_USING_TEMPLATE)
-
-     // Because a Borland C++ 5.5 bug prevents a using declaration from working,
-     // we are forced to use inheritance for that compiler.
-#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name)                              \
-     template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>        \
-     struct template_name : ::template_name<T, U, B> {};
-
-#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name)                              \
-     template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>                 \
-     struct template_name : ::template_name<T, B> {};
-
-#  else
-
-     // Otherwise, bring the names in with a using-declaration to avoid
-     // stressing the compiler
-#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name) using ::template_name;
-#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name) using ::template_name;
-
-#  endif // BOOST_NO_USING_TEMPLATE
-
-#else // !BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-
-  // The template is already in boost so we have nothing to do.
-# define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name)
-# define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name)
-
-#endif // BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-
-//
-// Here's where we put it all together, defining the xxxx forms of the templates
-// in namespace boost. We also define specializations of is_chained_base<> for
-// the xxxx, xxxx1, and xxxx2 templates, importing them into boost:: as
-// neccessary.
-//
-#if !defined(BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION)
-
-// is_chained_base<> - a traits class used to distinguish whether an operator
-// template argument is being used for base class chaining, or is specifying a
-// 2nd argument type.
-
-namespace boost {
-// A type parameter is used instead of a plain bool because Borland's compiler
-// didn't cope well with the more obvious non-type template parameter.
-namespace detail {
-  struct true_t {};
-  struct false_t {};
-} // namespace detail
-
-// Unspecialized version assumes that most types are not being used for base
-// class chaining. We specialize for the operator templates defined in this
-// library.
-template<class T> struct is_chained_base {
-  typedef ::boost::detail::false_t value;
-};
-
-} // namespace boost
-
-// Import a 2-type-argument operator template into boost (if neccessary) and
-// provide a specialization of 'is_chained_base<>' for it.
-# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(template_name2)                  \
-  BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name2)                           \
-  template<class T, class U, class B>                              \
-  struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name2<T, U, B> > {     \
-    typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                         \
-  };
-
-// Import a 1-type-argument operator template into boost (if neccessary) and
-// provide a specialization of 'is_chained_base<>' for it.
-# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(template_name1)                  \
-  BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name1)                           \
-  template<class T, class B>                                       \
-  struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name1<T, B> > {        \
-    typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                         \
-  };
-
-// BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(template_name) defines template_name<> such that it
-// can be used for specifying both 1-argument and 2-argument forms. Requires the
-// existence of two previously defined class templates named '<template_name>1'
-// and '<template_name>2' which must implement the corresponding 1- and 2-
-// argument forms.
-//
-// The template type parameter O == is_chained_base<U>::value is used to
-// distinguish whether the 2nd argument to <template_name> is being used for
-// base class chaining from another boost operator template or is describing a
-// 2nd operand type. O == true_t only when U is actually an another operator
-// template from the library. Partial specialization is used to select an
-// implementation in terms of either '<template_name>1' or '<template_name>2'.
-//
-
-# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(template_name)                    \
-template <class T                                                  \
-         ,class U = T                                              \
-         ,class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base                    \
-         ,class O = typename is_chained_base<U>::value             \
-         >                                                         \
-struct template_name : template_name##2<T, U, B> {};               \
-                                                                   \
-template<class T, class U, class B>                                \
-struct template_name<T, U, B, ::boost::detail::true_t>             \
-  : template_name##1<T, U> {};                                     \
-                                                                   \
-template <class T, class B>                                        \
-struct template_name<T, T, B, ::boost::detail::false_t>            \
-  : template_name##1<T, B> {};                                     \
-                                                                   \
-template<class T, class U, class B, class O>                       \
-struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name<T, U, B, O> > {     \
-  typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                           \
-};                                                                 \
-                                                                   \
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(template_name##2)                         \
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(template_name##1)
-
-
-#else // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-
-#  define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(template_name2) \
-        BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name2)
-#  define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(template_name1) \
-        BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name1)
-
-   // In this case we can only assume that template_name<> is equivalent to the
-   // more commonly needed template_name1<> form.
-#  define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(template_name)                   \
-   template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>       \
-   struct template_name : template_name##1<T, B> {};
-
-#endif // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-
-namespace boost {
-    
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(less_than_comparable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(equality_comparable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(multipliable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(addable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(subtractable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(dividable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(modable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(xorable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(andable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(orable)
-
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(incrementable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(decrementable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(dereferenceable)
-
-// indexable doesn't follow the patterns above (it has 4 template arguments), so
-// we just write out the compiler hacks explicitly.
-#ifdef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-# ifdef BOOST_NO_USING_TEMPLATE
-   template <class T, class I, class R, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-   struct indexable : ::indexable<T,I,R,B> {};
-# else
-   using ::indexable;
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-template <class T, class I, class R, class B>
-struct is_chained_base< ::boost::indexable<T, I, R, B> > {
-  typedef ::boost::detail::true_t operator_template_type;
-};
-#endif
-
-#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE
-#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2
-#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1
-#undef BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1
-#undef BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2
-
-// The following 'operators' classes can only be used portably if the derived class
-// declares ALL of the required member operators.
-template <class T, class U>
-struct operators2
-    : less_than_comparable2<T,U
-    , equality_comparable2<T,U
-    , addable2<T,U
-    , subtractable2<T,U
-    , multipliable2<T,U
-    , dividable2<T,U
-    , modable2<T,U
-    , orable2<T,U
-    , andable2<T,U
-    , xorable2<T,U
-      > > > > > > > > > > {};
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-template <class T, class U = T>
-struct operators : operators2<T, U> {};
-
-template <class T> struct operators<T, T>
-#else
-template <class T> struct operators
-#endif
-    : less_than_comparable<T
-    , equality_comparable<T
-    , addable<T
-    , subtractable<T
-    , multipliable<T
-    , dividable<T
-    , modable<T
-    , orable<T
-    , andable<T
-    , xorable<T
-    , incrementable<T
-    , decrementable<T
-      > > > > > > > > > > > > {};
-
-//  Iterator helper classes (contributed by Jeremy Siek) -------------------//
-template <class T,
-          class V,
-          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
-          class P = V*,
-          class R = V&>
-struct forward_iterator_helper
-  : equality_comparable<T
-  , incrementable<T
-  , dereferenceable<T,P
-  , boost::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, V, D
-    > > > > {};
-
-template <class T,
-          class V,
-          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
-          class P = V*,
-          class R = V&>
-struct bidirectional_iterator_helper
-  : equality_comparable<T
-  , incrementable<T
-  , decrementable<T
-  , dereferenceable<T,P
-  , boost::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag, V, D
-    > > > > > {};
-
-template <class T,
-          class V, 
-          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
-          class P = V*,
-          class R = V&>
-struct random_access_iterator_helper
-  : equality_comparable<T
-  , less_than_comparable<T
-  , incrementable<T
-  , decrementable<T
-  , dereferenceable<T,P
-  , addable2<T,D
-  , subtractable2<T,D
-  , indexable<T,D,R
-  , boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, V, D
-    > > > > > > > > >
-{
-#ifndef __BORLANDC__
-  friend D requires_difference_operator(const T& x, const T& y) {
-    return x - y;
-  }
-#endif
-}; // random_access_iterator_helper
-
-} // namespace boost
-
-#if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__)
-#pragma reset woff 1234
-#endif
-
-#endif // BOOST_OPERATORS_HPP

include/boost/utility.hpp

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-//  boost utility.hpp header file  -------------------------------------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright boost.org 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
-//  and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright
-//  notice appears in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without
-//  express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-//  any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Classes appear in alphabetical order
-
-//  Revision History
-//  26 Jan 00  protected noncopyable destructor added (Miki Jovanovic)
-//  10 Dec 99  next() and prior() templates added (Dave Abrahams)
-//  30 Aug 99  moved cast templates to cast.hpp (Beman Dawes)
-//   3 Aug 99  cast templates added
-//  20 Jul 99  name changed to utility.hpp 
-//   9 Jun 99  protected noncopyable default ctor
-//   2 Jun 99  Initial Version. Class noncopyable only contents (Dave Abrahams)
-
-#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_HPP
-#define BOOST_UTILITY_HPP
-
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#include <cstddef>            // for size_t
-
-namespace boost
-{
-
-//  next() and prior() template functions  -----------------------------------//
-
-    //  Helper functions for classes like bidirectional iterators not supporting
-    //  operator+ and operator-.
-    //
-    //  Usage:
-    //    const std::list<T>::iterator p = get_some_iterator();
-    //    const std::list<T>::iterator prev = boost::prior(p);
-
-    //  Contributed by Dave Abrahams
-
-    template <class T>
-    T next(T x) { return ++x; }
-
-    template <class T>
-    T prior(T x) { return --x; }
-
-
-//  class noncopyable  -------------------------------------------------------//
-
-    //  Private copy constructor and copy assignment ensure classes derived from
-    //  class noncopyable cannot be copied.
-
-    //  Contributed by Dave Abrahams
-
-    class noncopyable
-    {
-    protected:
-        noncopyable(){}
-        ~noncopyable(){}
-    private:  // emphasize the following members are private
-        noncopyable( const noncopyable& );
-        const noncopyable& operator=( const noncopyable& );
-    }; // noncopyable
-
-} // namespace boost
-
-#endif  // BOOST_UTILITY_HPP
-

iterator_adaptor_examples.cpp

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-// (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-// distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-// in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-// warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-
-#include <functional>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
-
-int
-main(int, char*[])
-{
-  // This is a simple example of using the transform_iterators class to
-  // generate iterators that multiply the value returned by dereferencing
-  // the iterator. In this case we are multiplying by 2.
-
-  int x[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
-
-  typedef std::binder1st< std::multiplies<int> > Function;
-  typedef boost::transform_iterator<Function, int*, 
-    boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, int>
-  >::type doubling_iterator;
-
-  doubling_iterator i(x, std::bind1st(std::multiplies<int>(), 2)),
-    i_end(x + sizeof(x)/sizeof(int), std::bind1st(std::multiplies<int>(), 2));
-
-  std::cout << "multiplying the array by 2:" << std::endl;
-  while (i != i_end)
-    std::cout << *i++ << " ";
-  std::cout << std::endl;
-
-  // Here is an example of counting from 0 to 5 using the integer_range class.
-
-  boost::integer_range<int> r(0,5);
-
-  std::cout << "counting to from 0 to 4:" << std::endl;
-  std::copy(r.begin(), r.end(), std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
-  std::cout << std::endl;
-
-  return 0;
-}
-
-

iterator_adaptor_test.cpp

@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-//  Demonstrate and test boost/operators.hpp on std::iterators  -------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-//  to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Revision History
-//  13 Jun 00 Added const version of the iterator tests (Jeremy Siek)
-//  12 Dec 99 Initial version with iterator operators (Jeremy Siek)
-
-#include <iostream>
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <functional>
-#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
-#include <boost/iterator_tests.hpp>
-
-struct my_iterator_tag : public std::random_access_iterator_tag { };
-
-
-using boost::dummyT;
-
-struct my_iter_traits {
-  typedef dummyT value_type;
-  typedef dummyT* pointer;
-  typedef dummyT& reference;
-  typedef my_iterator_tag iterator_category;
-  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
-};
-
-struct my_const_iter_traits {
-  typedef dummyT value_type;
-  typedef const dummyT* pointer;
-  typedef const dummyT& reference;
-  typedef my_iterator_tag iterator_category;
-  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
-};
-
-typedef boost::iterator_adaptors
-  <dummyT*, const dummyT*, 
-   my_iter_traits, my_const_iter_traits> My;
-
-struct mult_functor {
-  typedef int result_type;
-  typedef int argument_type;
-  // Functors used with transform_iterator must be
-  // DefaultConstructible, as the transform_iterator must be
-  // DefaultConstructible to satisfy the requirements for
-  // TrivialIterator.
-  mult_functor() { }
-  mult_functor(int aa) : a(aa) { }
-  int operator()(int b) const { return a * b; }
-  int a;
-};
-
-int
-main()
-{
-  dummyT array[] = { dummyT(0), dummyT(1), dummyT(2), 
-		     dummyT(3), dummyT(4), dummyT(5) };
-  const int N = sizeof(array)/sizeof(dummyT);
-
-  // sanity check, if this doesn't pass the test is buggy
-  boost::random_access_iterator_test(array,N,array);
-
-  // Test the iterator_adaptors
-  {
-    My::iterator i = array;
-    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, array);
-    
-    My::const_iterator j = array;
-    boost::random_access_iterator_test(j, N, array);
-    boost::const_nonconst_iterator_test(i, ++j);
-  }
-  // Test transform_iterator
-  {
-    int x[N], y[N];
-    for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k)
-      x[k] = k;
-    std::copy(x, x + N, y);
-
-    for (int k2 = 0; k2 < N; ++k2)
-      x[k2] = x[k2] * 2;
-
-    boost::transform_iterator<mult_functor, int*,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,int> >::type
-      i(y, mult_functor(2));
-    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, x);
-  }
-  // Test indirect_iterator
-  {
-    dummyT* ptr[N];
-    for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k)
-      ptr[k] = array + k;
-    
-    typedef dummyT* DummyPtr;
-    typedef boost::indirect_iterators<DummyPtr*, const DummyPtr*,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, DummyPtr>,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, const DummyPtr>,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, dummyT>
-      > Indirect;
-    Indirect::iterator i = ptr;
-    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, array);
-
-    Indirect::const_iterator j = ptr;
-    boost::random_access_iterator_test(j, N, array);
-
-    boost::const_nonconst_iterator_test(i, ++j);    
-  }
-  // Test reverse_iterators
-  {
-    dummyT reversed[N];
-    std::copy(array, array + N, reversed);
-    std::reverse(reversed, reversed + N);
-    
-    typedef boost::reverse_iterators<dummyT*, const dummyT*,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,dummyT>,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,const dummyT>
-      > Reverse;
-    Reverse::iterator i = reversed + N;
-    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, array);
-
-    Reverse::const_iterator j = reversed + N;
-    boost::random_access_iterator_test(j, N, array);
-
-    boost::const_nonconst_iterator_test(i, ++j);    
-  }
-
-  // Test integer_range's iterators
-  {
-    int int_array[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
-    boost::integer_range<int> r(0, 5);
-    boost::random_access_iterator_test(r.begin(), r.size(), int_array);
-  }
-
-  std::cout << "test successful " << std::endl;
-
-  return 0;
-}

iterator_adaptors.htm

@@ -1,631 +0,0 @@
-<html>
-
-<head>
-<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
-<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
-<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
-<title>Header boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp Documentation</title>
-</head>
-
-<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
-
-<h1><img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center" width="277" height="86">Header
-<a href="../../boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp">boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp</a></h1>
-
-<p>Header <a
-href="http://www.boost.org/boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp">boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp</a>
-</p>
-
-<p>The file <a
-href="http://www.boost.org/boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp">boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp</a>
-includes the main <tt>iterator_adaptors</tt> class and several other classes
-for constructing commonly used iterator adaptors.</p>
-
-<ul>
-  <li><a href="#iterator_adaptors"><tt>iterator_adaptors</tt></a>.
-  <li><a href="#iterator_adaptor"><tt>iterator_adaptor</tt></a>.
-  <li><a href="#transform_iterator"><tt>transform_iterator</tt></a>
-  <li><a href="#indirect_iterators"><tt>indirect_iterators</tt></a>
-  <li><a href="#reverse_iterators"><tt>reverse_iterators</tt></a>
-  <li><a href="#integer_range"><tt>integer_range</tt></a>
-</ul>
-
-
-<!-- put in something about Andrei Alexandrescu's contribution? -->
-
-<p><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
-Abrahams</a> started the library, coming up with the idea to use
-policy classes and how to handle the const/non-const iterator
-interactions. He also contributed the <tt>indirect_iterators</tt> and
-<tt>reverse_iterators</tt> classes.<br>
-
-<a href="http://www.boost.org/people/jeremy_siek.htm">Jeremy Siek</a>
-contributed <tt>transform_iterator</tt>, <tt>integer_range</tt>,
-and this documentation.
-
-<h3><a name="iterator_adaptors">The Iterator Adaptors Class</a></h3>
-
-Implementing standard conforming iterators is a non-trivial task.
-There are some fine-points such as iterator/const_iterator
-interactions and there are the myriad of operators that should be
-implemented but are easily forgotten such as
-<tt>operator-&gt;()</tt>. The purpose of the
-<tt>iterator_adaptors</tt> class is to make it easier to implement an
-iterator class, and even easier to extend and adapt existing iterator
-types. The <tt>iterator_adaptors</tt> class itself is not an adaptor
-class but a <i>type generator</i>. It generates a pair of adaptor classes,
-one class for the mutable iterator and one class for the const
-iterator. The definition of the <tt>iterator_adaptors</tt> class is as
-follows:
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-template &lt;class Iterator, 
-          class ConstIterator, 
-          class Traits = std::iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;,
-          class ConstTraits = std::iterator_traits&lt;ConstIterator&gt;, 
-          class Policies = default_iterator_policies&gt;
-struct iterator_adaptors
-{
-  typedef ... iterator;
-  typedef ... const_iterator;
-};
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-<p>The <tt>Iterator</tt> and <tt>ConstIterator</tt> template parameters
-are the iterator types that you want to adapt. The <tt>Traits</tt> and
-<tt>ConstTraits</tt> must be iterator traits classes.  The traits
-parameters default to the specialization of the
-<tt>std::iterator_traits</tt> class for the adapted iterators. If you
-want the traits for your new iterator adaptor (<tt>value_type</tt>,
-<tt>iterator_category</tt>, etc.) to be the same as the adapted
-iterator then use the default, otherwise create your own traits
-classes and pass them in <a href="#1">[1]</a>. 
-
-
-<p>The <tt>Policies</tt> class that you pass in will become the heart of
-the iterator adaptor. The policy class determines how your new adaptor
-class will behave. The <tt>Policies</tt> class must implement 3, 4, or
-7 of the core iterator operations depending on whether you wish the
-new iterator adaptor class to be a
-<a href="http://www.sgi.com/Technology/STL/ForwardIterator.html">
-ForwardIterator</a>,
-<a href="http://www.sgi.com/Technology/STL/BidirectionalIterator.html">
-BidirectionalIterator</a>, or <a
-href="http://www.sgi.com/Technology/STL/RandomAccessIterator.html">
-RandomAccessIterator</a>. Make sure that the
-<tt>iterator_category</tt> type of the traits class you pass in
-matches the category of iterator that you want to create. The default
-policy class, <tt>default_iterator_policies</tt>, implements all 7 of
-the core operations in the usual way. If you wish to create an
-iterator adaptor that only changes a few of the iterator's behaviors,
-then you can have your new policy class inherit from
-<tt>default_iterator_policies</tt> to avoid retyping the usual
-behaviours. You should also look at <tt>default_iterator_policies</tt>
-as the &quot;boiler-plate&quot; for your own policy classes. The
-following is definition of the <tt>default_iterator_policies</tt>
-class:
-
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-struct default_iterator_policies
-{
-  // required for a ForwardIterator
-  template &lt;class Reference, class Iterator&gt;
-  Reference dereference(type&lt;Reference&gt;, const Iterator& x) const
-    { return *x; }
-
-  template &lt;class Iterator&gt;
-  void increment(Iterator& x) const
-    { ++x; }
-
-  template &lt;class Iterator1, class Iterator2&gt;
-  bool equal(Iterator1& x, Iterator2& y) const
-    { return x == y; }
-
-  // required for a BidirectionalIterator
-  template &lt;class Iterator&gt;
-  void decrement(Iterator& x) const
-    { --x; }
-
-  // required for a RandomAccessIterator
-  template &lt;class Iterator, class DifferenceType&gt;
-  void advance(Iterator& x, DifferenceType n) const
-    { x += n; }
-
-  template &lt;class Difference, class Iterator1, class Iterator2&gt;
-  Difference distance(type&lt;Difference&gt;, Iterator1& x, Iterator2& y) const
-    { return y - x; }
-
-  template &lt;class Iterator1, class Iterator2&gt;
-  bool less(Iterator1& x, Iterator2& y) const
-    { return x &lt; y; }
-};
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-<p>
-The generated iterator adaptor types will have the following
-constructors.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-<i>iterator</i>(const Iterator& i, const Policies& p = Policies())
-
-<i>const_iterator</i>(const ConstIterator& i, const Policies& p = Policies())
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-<h3><a name="iterator_adaptor">The Iterator Adaptor Class</a></h3>
-
-This is the class used inside of the <tt>iterator_adaptors</tt> type
-generator. Use this class directly (instead of using
-<tt>iterator_adaptors</tt>) when there is no difference between the
-const and non-const versions of the iterator type. Often this is
-because there is only a const (read-only) version of the iterator, as
-is the case for <tt>std::set</tt>'s iterators. Use the same type for
-the <tt>Iterator</tt> and <tt>NonconstIterator</tt> template
-arguments.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-template &lt;class Iterator, 
-          class Policies = default_iterator_policies,
-          class NonconstIterator = Iterator,         
-          class Traits = std::iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt; &gt;
-struct iterator_adaptor;
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-
-<p>
-Next we will look at some iterator adaptors that are examples of how
-to use the iterator adaptors class, and that are useful iterator
-adaptors in their own right.
-
-<h3><a name="transform_iterator">The Transform Iterator Class</a></h3>
-
-It is often useful to automatically apply some function to the value
-returned by dereferencing (<tt>operator*()</tt>) an iterator. The
-<tt>transform_iterators</tt> class makes it easy to create an iterator
-adaptor that does just that.
-
-First let us consider what the <tt>Policies</tt> class for the transform
-iterator should look like. We are only changing one of the iterator
-behaviours, so we will inherit from
-<tt>default_iterator_policies</tt>. In addition, we will need a
-function object to apply, so we will have a template parameter and a
-data member for the function object. The function will take one
-argument (the dereferenced value) and we will need to know the
-<tt>result_type</tt> of the function, so <a
-href="http://www.sgi.com/Technology/STL/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">
-AdaptableUnaryFunction</a> is the corrent concept to choose for the
-function object type. Now for the heart of our iterator adaptor, we
-implement the <tt>dereference</tt> method, applying the function
-object to <tt>*i</tt>. The <tt>type&lt;Reference&gt;</tt> class is
-there to tell you what the reference type of the iterator is, which is
-handy when writing generic iterator adaptors such as this one <a
-href="#2">[2]</a>.
-
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-  template &lt;class AdaptableUnaryFunction&gt;
-  struct transform_iterator_policies : public default_iterator_policies
-  {
-    transform_iterator_policies(const AdaptableUnaryFunction& f) : m_f(f) { }
-
-    template &lt;class Reference, class Iterator&gt;
-    Reference dereference(type&lt;Reference&gt;, const Iterator& i) const
-      { return m_f(*i); }
-
-    AdaptableUnaryFunction m_f;
-  };
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-Next we need to create the traits class for our new iterator.  In some
-situations you may need to create a separate traits class for the
-const and non-const iterator types, but here a single traits class
-will do. The <tt>value_type</tt> and <tt>reference</tt> type of our
-transform iterator will be the <tt>result_type</tt> of the function
-object.  The <tt>difference_type</tt> and <tt>iterator_category</tt>
-will be the same as the adapted iterator.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-  template &lt;class AdaptableUnaryFunction, class IteratorTraits&gt;
-  struct transform_iterator_traits {
-    typedef typename AdaptableUnaryFunction::result_type value_type;
-    typedef value_type reference;
-    typedef value_type* pointer;
-    typedef typename IteratorTraits::difference_type difference_type;
-    typedef typename IteratorTraits::iterator_category iterator_category;
-  };
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-The final step is to use the <tt>iterator_adaptor</tt> class to
-construct our transform iterator. We will use the single iterator
-adaptor version because we will not need to create both a mutable and
-const version of the transform iterator. The transform iterator is
-inherently a read-only iterator.  The nicest way to package up our new
-transform iterator is to create a type generator similar to
-<tt>iterator_adaptor</tt>. The first template parameter will be the
-type of the function object. The second parameter will be the adapted
-iterator type. The third parameter is the trait class for
-the adapted iterator.  Inside the <tt>transform_iterators</tt> class
-we use the <tt>transform_iterator_traits</tt> class defined above to
-create the traits class for the new transform iterator. We then use
-the <tt>iterator_adaptor</tt> class to extract the generated
-iterator adaptor type.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-template &lt;class AdaptableUnaryFunction,
-          class Iterator,
-          class Traits = std::iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;
-         &gt;
-struct transform_iterator
-{
-  typedef transform_iterator_traits&lt;AdaptableUnaryFunction,Traits&gt;
-    TransTraits;
-  typedef iterator_adaptor&lt;Iterator, TransTraits,
-    transform_iterator_policies&lt;AdaptableUnaryFunction&gt; &gt;::type type;
-};
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-<p>
-The following is a simple example of how to use the
-<tt>transform_iterators</tt> class to iterate through a range of
-numbers, multiplying each of them by 2 when they are dereferenced.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-#include &lt;functional&gt;
-#include &lt;iostream&gt;
-#include &lt;boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp&gt;
-
-int
-main(int, char*[])
-{
-  int x[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
-
-  typedef std::binder1st&lt; std::multiplies&lt;int&gt; &gt; Function;
-  typedef boost::transform_iterator&lt;Function, int*, 
-    boost::iterator&lt;std::random_access_iterator_tag, int&gt;
-  &gt;::type doubling_iterator;
-
-  doubling_iterator i(x, std::bind1st(std::multiplies&lt;int&gt;(), 2)),
-    i_end(x + sizeof(x)/sizeof(int), std::bind1st(std::multiplies&lt;int&gt;(), 2));
-
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; "multiplying the array by 2:" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
-  while (i != i_end)
-    std::cout &lt;&lt; *i++ &lt;&lt; " ";
-  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
-
-  return 0;
-}
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-
-<h3><a name="indirect_iterators">The Indirect Iterators Class</a></h3>
-
-It is not all that uncommon to create data structures that consist of
-pointers to pointers. For such a structure it might be nice to have an
-iterator that applies a double-dereference inside the
-<tt>operator*()</tt>. The implementation of this is similar to the
-<tt>transform_iterators</tt><a href="#3">[3]</a>. We first create a
-policies class which does a double-dereference in the
-<tt>dereference()</tt> method. We then create a traits class, this
-time also including a template parameter for the traits of the second
-level iterators as well as the first. Lastly we wrap this up in the
-type generator <tt>indirect_iterators</tt>, using
-<tt>iterator_adaptors</tt> to do most of the work.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-  struct indirect_iterator_policies : public default_iterator_policies
-  {
-    template &lt;class Reference, class Iterator&gt;
-    Reference dereference(type&lt;Reference&gt;, const Iterator& x) const
-      { return **x; }
-  };
-
-  template &lt;class IndirectIterator,
-	    class IndirectTraits = std::iterator_traits&lt;IndirectIterator&gt;,
-	    class Traits = 
-	      std::iterator_traits&lt;typename IndirectTraits::value_type&gt;
-	   &gt;
-  struct indirect_traits
-  {
-    typedef typename IndirectTraits::difference_type difference_type;
-    typedef typename Traits::value_type value_type;
-    typedef typename Traits::pointer pointer;
-    typedef typename Traits::reference reference;
-    typedef typename IndirectTraits::iterator_category iterator_category;
-  };
-
-  template &lt;class IndirectIterator, class ConstIndirectIterator,
-            class IndirectTraits = 
-              std::iterator_traits&lt;IndirectIterator&gt;,
-            class ConstIndirectTraits = 
-              std::iterator_traits&lt;ConstIndirectIterator&gt;,
-            class Traits =
-              std::iterator_traits&lt;typename IndirectTraits::value_type&gt;
-           &gt;
-  struct indirect_iterators
-  {
-    typedef typename IndirectTraits::value_type Iterator;
-    typedef typename Traits::value_type ValueType;
-    typedef iterator_adaptors&lt;IndirectIterator, ConstIndirectIterator,
-      indirect_traits&lt;IndirectIterator, IndirectTraits, Traits&gt;,
-      indirect_traits&lt;ConstIndirectIterator, ConstIndirectTraits, Traits&gt;,
-      indirect_iterator_policies
-      &gt; Adaptors;
-    typedef typename Adaptors::iterator iterator;
-    typedef typename Adaptors::const_iterator const_iterator;
-  };
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-<h3><a name="reverse_iterators">The Reverse Iterators Class</a></h3>
-
-<p>
-Yes, there is already a <tt>reverse_iterator</tt> adaptor class
-defined in the C++ Standard, but using the <tt>iterator_adaptors</tt>
-class we can re-implement this classic adaptor in a more succinct and
-elegant fashion. Also, this makes for a good example of using
-<tt>iterator_adaptors</tt> that is in familiar territory.
-
-<p>
-The first step is to create the <tt>Policies</tt> class. As in the
-<tt>std::reverse_iterator</tt> class, we need to flip all the
-operations of the iterator. Increment will become decrement, advancing
-by <tt>n</tt> will become retreating by <tt>n</tt>, etc. 
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-struct reverse_iterator_policies
-{
-  template &lt;class Reference, class Iterator&gt;
-  Reference dereference(type&lt;Reference&gt;, const Iterator& x) const
-    { return *boost::prior(x); }
-    // this is equivalent to { Iterator tmp = x; return *--tmp; }
-    
-  template &lt;class Iterator&gt;
-  void increment(Iterator& x) const
-    { --x; }
-    
-  template &lt;class Iterator&gt;
-  void decrement(Iterator& x) const
-    { ++x; }
-    
-  template &lt;class Iterator, class DifferenceType&gt;
-  void advance(Iterator& x, DifferenceType n) const
-    { x -= n; }
-    
-  template &lt;class Difference, class Iterator1, class Iterator2&gt;
-  Difference distance(type&lt;Difference&gt;, Iterator1& x, Iterator2& y) const
-    { return x - y; }
-    
-  template &lt;class Iterator1, class Iterator2&gt;
-  bool equal(Iterator1& x, Iterator2& y) const
-    { return x == y; }
-    
-  template &lt;class Iterator1, class Iterator2&gt;
-  bool less(Iterator1& x, Iterator2& y) const
-    { return y &lt; x; }
-};
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-Since the traits of the reverse iterator adaptor will be the same as
-the adapted iterator's traits, we do not need to create new traits
-classes as was the case for <tt>transform_iterator</tt>. We can skip to
-the final stage of creating a type generator class for our reverse
-iterators using the <tt>iterator_adaptor</tt> class.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-template &lt;class Iterator, class ConstIterator,
-          class Traits = std::iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;, 
-          class ConstTraits = std::iterator_traits&lt;ConstIterator&gt;
-         &gt;
-struct reverse_iterators
-{
-  typedef iterator_adaptors&lt;Iterator,ConstIterator,Traits,ConstTraits,
-    reverse_iterator_policies&gt; Adaptor;
-  typedef typename Adaptor::iterator iterator;
-  typedef typename Adaptor::const_iterator const_iterator;
-};
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-A typical use of the <tt>reverse_iterators</tt> class is in
-user-defined container types. You can use the
-<tt>reverse_iterators</tt> class to generate the reverse iterators for
-your container.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-class my_container {
-  ...
-  typedef ... iterator;
-  typedef ... const_iterator;
-
-  typedef reverse_iterators&lt;iterator, const_iterator&gt; RevIters;
-  typedef typename RevIters::iterator reverse_iterator;
-  typedef typename RevIters::const_iterator const_reverse_iterator;
-  ...
-};
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-
-<h3><a name="integer_range">The Integer Range Class</a></h3>
-
-The <tt>iterator_adaptors</tt> class can not only be used for adapting
-iterators, but it can also be used to take a non-iterator type and use
-it to build an iterator. An especially simple example of this is
-turning an integer type into an iterator, a counting iterator. The
-builtin integer types of C++ are almost iterators. They have
-<tt>operator++()</tt>, <tt>operator--()</tt>, etc. The one operator
-they are lacking is the <tt>operator*()</tt>, which we will want to
-simply return the current value of the integer. The following few
-lines of code implement the policy and traits class for the counting
-iterator.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-struct counting_iterator_policies : public default_iterator_policies
-{
-  template &lt;class IntegerType&gt;
-  IntegerType dereference(type&lt;IntegerType&gt;, const IntegerType& i) const
-    { return i; }
-};
-template &lt;class IntegerType&gt;
-struct counting_iterator_traits {
-  typedef IntegerType value_type;
-  typedef IntegerType reference;
-  typedef value_type* pointer;
-  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
-  typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
-};
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-Typically we will want to count the integers in some range, so a nice
-interface would be to have a fake container that represents the range
-of integers. The following is the definition of such a class called
-<tt>integer_range</tt>.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-template &lt;class IntegerType&gt;
-struct integer_range {
-  typedef typename iterator_adaptor&lt;IntegerType, 
-                           counting_iterator_traits&lt;IntegerType&gt;,
-                           counting_iterator_policies &gt;::type iterator;
-  typedef iterator const_iterator;
-  typedef IntegerType value_type;
-  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
-  typedef IntegerType reference;
-  typedef IntegerType* pointer;
-  typedef IntegerType size_type;
-
-  integer_range(IntegerType start, IntegerType finish)
-    : m_start(start), m_finish(finish) { }
-
-  iterator begin() const { return iterator(m_start); }
-  iterator end() const { return iterator(m_finish); }
-  size_type size() const { return m_finish - m_start; }
-  bool empty() const { return m_finish == m_start; }
-  void swap(integer_range& x) {
-    std::swap(m_start, x.m_start);
-    std::swap(m_finish, x.m_finish);
-  }
-protected:
-  IntegerType m_start, m_finish;
-};
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-<p>
-The following is an example of how to use the
-<tt>integer_range</tt> class to count from 0 to 4.
-
-<p>
-<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0 COLS=2>
-<TR><TD WIDTH=30 VALIGN=TOP></TD><TD>
-<PRE>
-boost::integer_range&lt;int&gt; r(0,5);
-
-cout &lt;&lt; "counting to from 0 to 4:" &lt;&lt; endl;
-std::copy(r.begin(), r.end(), ostream_iterator&lt;int&gt;(cout, " "));
-cout &lt;&lt; endl;
-</PRE></TD></TABLE>
-
-<h3>Challenge</h3>
-
-<p>
-There is an unlimited number of ways the the
-<tt>iterator_adaptors</tt> class can be used to create iterators. One
-interesting exercise would be to re-implement the iterators of
-<tt>std::list</tt> and <tt>std::slist</tt> using
-<tt>iterator_adaptors</tt>, where the adapted <tt>Iterator</tt> types
-would be node pointers.
-
-
-<h3>Notes</h3>
-
-<p>
-<a name="1">[1]</a>
-If your compiler does not support partial specialization and hence
-does not have a working <tt>std::iterator_traits</tt> class, you will
-not be able to use the defaults and will need to supply your own
-<tt>Traits</tt> and <tt>ConstTraits</tt> classes.
-
-<p>
-<a name="2">[2]</a>
-The reference type could also be obtained from
-<tt>std::iterator_traits</tt>, but that is not portable on compilers
-that do not support partial specialization.
-
-<p>
-<a name="3">[3]</a>
-It would have been more elegant to implement <tt>indirect_iterators</tt>
-using <tt>transform_iterators</tt>, but for subtle reasons that would require
-the use of <tt>boost::remove_cv</tt> which is not portable.
-
-<h3>Implementation Notes</h3>
-
-The code is somewhat complicated because there are three iterator
-adaptor class: <tt>forward_iterator_adaptor</tt>,
-<tt>bidirectional_iterator_adaptor</tt>, and
-<tt>random_access_iterator_adaptor</tt>. The alternative would be to
-just have one iterator adaptor equivalent to the
-<tt>random_access_iterator_adaptor</tt>.  The reason for going with
-the three adaptors is that according to 14.5.3p5 in the C++ Standard,
-friend functions defined inside a template class body are instantiated
-when the template class is instantiated. This means that if we only
-used the one iterator adaptor, then if the adapted iterator did not
-meet all of the requirements for a
-<a href="http://www.sgi.com/Technology/STL/RandomAccessIterator.html">
-RandomAccessIterator</a> then a compiler error should occur.  Many
-current compilers in fact do not instantiate the friend functions
-unless used, so we could get away with the one iterator adaptor in
-most cases. However, out of respect for the standard this implementation
-uses the three adaptors.
-
-
-
-<hr>
-<p>Revised <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %b %Y" startspan -->17 Jun 2000<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="15055" --></p>
-<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use,
-modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
-notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &quot;as is&quot;
-without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-any purpose.</p>
-
-</body>
-
-</html>

iterators_test.cpp

@@ -1,169 +0,0 @@
-//  Demonstrate and test boost/operators.hpp on std::iterators  --------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-//  to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Revision History
-//  12 Dec 99 Initial version with iterator operators (Jeremy Siek)
-
-#include <string>
-#include <iostream>
-using namespace std;
-
-#include <boost/operators.hpp>
-using namespace boost;
-
-
-template <class T, class R, class P>
-struct test_iter
-  : public boost::random_access_iterator_helper<
-     test_iter<T,R,P>, T, std::ptrdiff_t, P, R>
-{
-  typedef test_iter self;
-  typedef R Reference;
-  typedef std::ptrdiff_t Distance;
-
-public:
-  test_iter(T* i) : _i(i) { }
-  test_iter(const self& x) : _i(x._i) { }
-  self& operator=(const self& x) { _i = x._i; return *this; }
-  Reference operator*() const { return *_i; }
-  self& operator++() { ++_i; return *this; }
-  self& operator--() { --_i; return *this; }
-  self& operator+=(Distance n) { _i += n; return *this; }
-  self& operator-=(Distance n) { _i -= n; return *this; }
-  bool operator==(const self& x) const { return _i == x._i; }
-  bool operator<(const self& x) const { return _i < x._i; }
-  friend Distance operator-(const self& x, const self& y) {
-    return x._i - y._i; 
-  }
-protected:
-  T* _i;
-};
-
-
-int
-main()
-{
-  string array[] = { "apple", "orange", "pear", "peach", "grape", "plum"  };
-  {
-    test_iter<string,string&,string*> i = array, 
-      ie = array + sizeof(array)/sizeof(string);
-
-    // Tests for all of the operators added by random_access_iterator_helper
-
-    // test i++
-    while (i != ie)
-      cout << *i++ << " ";
-    cout << endl;
-    i = array;
-
-    // test i--
-    while (ie != i) {
-      ie--;
-      cout << *ie << " ";
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    ie = array + sizeof(array)/sizeof(string);
-
-    // test i->m
-    while (i != ie) {
-      cout << i->size() << " ";
-      ++i;
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    i = array;
-
-    // test i + n
-    while (i < ie) {
-      cout << *i << " ";
-      i = i + 2;
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    i = array;
-
-    // test n + i
-    while (i < ie) {
-      cout << *i << " ";
-      i = ptrdiff_t(2) + i;
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    i = array;
-
-    // test i - n
-    while (ie > i) {
-      ie = ie - 2;
-      cout << *ie << " ";
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    ie = array + sizeof(array)/sizeof(string);
-
-    // test i[n]
-    for (std::size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(array)/sizeof(string); ++j)
-      cout << i[j] << " ";
-    cout << endl;
-  }
-  {
-    test_iter<string, const string&, const string*> i = array, 
-      ie = array + sizeof(array)/sizeof(string);
-
-    // Tests for all of the operators added by random_access_iterator_helper
-
-    // test i++
-    while (i != ie)
-      cout << *i++ << " ";
-    cout << endl;
-    i = array;
-
-    // test i--
-    while (ie != i) {
-      ie--;
-      cout << *ie << " ";
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    ie = array + sizeof(array)/sizeof(string);
-
-    // test i->m
-    while (i != ie) {
-      cout << i->size() << " ";
-      ++i;
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    i = array;
-
-    // test i + n
-    while (i < ie) {
-      cout << *i << " ";
-      i = i + 2;
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    i = array;
-
-    // test n + i
-    while (i < ie) {
-      cout << *i << " ";
-      i = ptrdiff_t(2) + i;
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    i = array;
-
-    // test i - n
-    while (ie > i) {
-      ie = ie - 2;
-      cout << *ie << " ";
-    }
-    cout << endl;
-    ie = array + sizeof(array)/sizeof(string);
-
-    // test i[n]
-    for (std::size_t j = 0; j < sizeof(array)/sizeof(string); ++j)
-      cout << i[j] << " ";
-    cout << endl;
-  }
-  return 0;
-}

noncopyable_test.cpp

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-//  boost class noncopyable test program  ------------------------------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright boost.org 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
-//  and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright
-//  notice appears in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without
-//  express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-//  any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Revision History
-//   9 Jun 99  Add unnamed namespace
-//   2 Jun 99  Initial Version
-
-#include <boost/utility.hpp>
-#include <iostream>
-
-//  This program demonstrates compiler errors resulting from trying to copy
-//  construct or copy assign a class object derived from class noncopyable.
-
-namespace
-{
-    class DontTreadOnMe : boost::noncopyable
-    {
-    public:
-         DontTreadOnMe() { std::cout << "defanged!" << std::endl; }
-    };   // DontTreadOnMe
-
-}   // unnamed namespace
-
-int main()
-{
-    DontTreadOnMe object1;
-    DontTreadOnMe object2(object1);
-    object1 = object2;
-    return 0;
-}   // main
-  

operators_test.cpp

@@ -1,481 +0,0 @@
-//  Demonstrate and test boost/operators.hpp  -------------------------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright Beman Dawes 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Revision History
-//  04 Jun 00 Added regression test for a bug I found (David Abrahams)
-//  17 Jun 00 Fix for broken compilers (Aleksey Gurtovoy)
-//  ?? ??? 00 Major update to randomly test all one- and two- argument forms by
-//            wrapping integral types and comparing the results of operations to
-//            the results for the raw types (David Abrahams)
-//  12 Dec 99 Minor update, output confirmation message.
-//  15 Nov 99 Initial version
-
-#include <boost/operators.hpp>
-#include <cassert>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <boost/min_rand.hpp>
-
-
-namespace
-{
-    // avoiding a template version of true_value so as to not confuse VC++
-    int true_value(int x) { return x; }
-    long true_value(long x) { return x; }
-    signed char true_value(signed char x) { return x; }
-    unsigned int true_value(unsigned int x) { return x; }
-    unsigned long true_value(unsigned long x) { return x; }
-    unsigned char true_value(unsigned char x) { return x; }
-
-    // The use of operators<> here tended to obscure interactions with certain
-    // compiler bugs
-    template <class T>
-    class Wrapped1 : boost::operators<Wrapped1<T> >
-    {
-    public:
-        explicit Wrapped1( T v = T() ) : _value(v) {}
-        T value() const { return _value; }
-
-        bool operator<(const Wrapped1& x) const { return _value < x._value; }
-        bool operator==(const Wrapped1& x) const { return _value == x._value; }
-        
-        Wrapped1& operator+=(const Wrapped1& x)
-          { _value += x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped1& operator-=(const Wrapped1& x)
-          { _value -= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped1& operator*=(const Wrapped1& x)
-          { _value *= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped1& operator/=(const Wrapped1& x)
-          { _value /= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped1& operator%=(const Wrapped1& x)
-          { _value %= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped1& operator|=(const Wrapped1& x)
-          { _value |= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped1& operator&=(const Wrapped1& x)
-          { _value &= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped1& operator^=(const Wrapped1& x)
-          { _value ^= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped1& operator++()               { ++_value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped1& operator--()               { --_value; return *this; }
-        
-    private:
-        T _value;
-    };
-    template <class T>
-    T true_value(Wrapped1<T> x) { return x.value(); }    
-
-    template <class T, class U>
-    class Wrapped2 :
-        boost::operators<Wrapped2<T, U> >,
-        boost::operators2<Wrapped2<T, U>, U>
-    {
-    public:
-        explicit Wrapped2( T v = T() ) : _value(v) {}
-        T value() const { return _value; }
-
-        bool operator<(const Wrapped2& x) const { return _value < x._value; }
-        bool operator==(const Wrapped2& x) const { return _value == x._value; }
-        
-        Wrapped2& operator+=(const Wrapped2& x)
-          { _value += x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator-=(const Wrapped2& x)
-          { _value -= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator*=(const Wrapped2& x)
-          { _value *= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator/=(const Wrapped2& x)
-          { _value /= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator%=(const Wrapped2& x)
-          { _value %= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator|=(const Wrapped2& x)
-          { _value |= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator&=(const Wrapped2& x)
-          { _value &= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator^=(const Wrapped2& x)
-          { _value ^= x._value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator++()                { ++_value; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator--()                { --_value; return *this; }
-         
-        bool operator<(U u) const { return _value < u; }
-        bool operator>(U u) const { return _value > u; }
-        bool operator==(U u) const { return _value == u; }
-        Wrapped2& operator+=(U u) { _value += u; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator-=(U u) { _value -= u; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator*=(U u) { _value *= u; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator/=(U u) { _value /= u; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator%=(U u) { _value %= u; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator|=(U u) { _value |= u; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator&=(U u) { _value &= u; return *this; }
-        Wrapped2& operator^=(U u) { _value ^= u; return *this; }
-
-    private:
-        T _value;
-    };
-    template <class T, class U>
-    T true_value(Wrapped2<T,U> x) { return x.value(); }
-    
-    //  MyInt uses only the single template-argument form of all_operators<>
-    typedef Wrapped1<int> MyInt;
-
-    typedef Wrapped2<long, long> MyLong;
-
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void sanity_check(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        assert(true_value(y1) == true_value(y2));
-        assert(true_value(x1) == true_value(x2));
-    }
-
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_less_than_comparable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        assert((x1 < y1) == (x2 < y2));
-        assert((x1 <= y1) == (x2 <= y2));
-        assert((x1 >= y1) == (x2 >= y2));
-        assert((x1 > y1) == (x2 > y2));
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_less_than_comparable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_less_than_comparable_aux(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_less_than_comparable_aux(y1, x1, y2, x2);
-    }
-
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_equality_comparable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        assert((x1 == y1) == (x2 == y2));
-        assert((x1 != y1) == (x2 != y2));
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_equality_comparable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_equality_comparable_aux(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_equality_comparable_aux(y1, x1, y2, x2);
-    }
-
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_multipliable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        assert((x1 * y1).value() == (x2 * y2));
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_multipliable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_multipliable_aux(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_multipliable_aux(y1, x1, y2, x2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_addable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        assert((x1 + y1).value() == (x2 + y2));
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_addable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_addable_aux(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_addable_aux(y1, x1, y2, x2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_subtractable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        assert((x1 - y1).value() == x2 - y2);
-    }
-
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_dividable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        if (y2 != 0)
-            assert((x1 / y1).value() == x2 / y2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_modable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        if (y2 != 0)
-            assert((x1 / y1).value() == x2 / y2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_xorable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        assert((x1 ^ y1).value() == (x2 ^ y2));
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_xorable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_xorable_aux(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_xorable_aux(y1, x1, y2, x2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_andable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        assert((x1 & y1).value() == (x2 & y2));
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_andable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_andable_aux(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_andable_aux(y1, x1, y2, x2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_orable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        assert((x1 | y1).value() == (x2 | y2));
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_orable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_orable_aux(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_orable_aux(y1, x1, y2, x2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class X2>
-    void test_incrementable(X1 x1, X2 x2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, x1, x2, x2);
-        assert(x1++.value() == x2++);
-        assert(x1.value() == x2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class X2>
-    void test_decrementable(X1 x1, X2 x2)
-    {
-        sanity_check(x1, x1, x2, x2);
-        assert(x1--.value() == x2--);
-        assert(x1.value() == x2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
-    void test_all(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
-    {
-        test_less_than_comparable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_equality_comparable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_multipliable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_addable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_subtractable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_dividable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_modable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_xorable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_andable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_orable(x1, y1, x2, y2);
-        test_incrementable(x1, x2);
-        test_decrementable(x1, x2);
-    }
-    
-    template <class Big, class Small>
-    struct tester
-    {
-        void operator()(boost::min_rand& randomizer) const
-        {
-            Big b1 = Big(randomizer());
-            Big b2 = Big(randomizer());
-            Small s = Small(randomizer());
-            
-            test_all(Wrapped1<Big>(b1), Wrapped1<Big>(b2), b1, b2);
-            test_all(Wrapped2<Big, Small>(b1), s, b1, s);
-        }
-    };
-
-    // added as a regression test. We had a bug which this uncovered.
-    struct Point
-        : boost::addable<Point,
-        boost::subtractable<Point> >
-    {
-        Point( int h, int v ) : h(h), v(v) {}
-        Point() :h(0), v(0) {}
-        const Point& operator+=( const Point& rhs ) { h += rhs.h; v += rhs.v; return *this; }
-        const Point& operator-=( const Point& rhs ) { h -= rhs.h; v -= rhs.v; return *this; }
-
-        int h;
-        int v;
-    };
-} // unnamed namespace
-
-
-// workaround for MSVC bug; for some reasons the compiler doesn't instantiate
-// inherited operator templates at the moment it must, so the following
-// explicit instantiations force it to do that.
-
-#if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && (_MSC_VER <= 1200)
-template Wrapped1<int>;
-template Wrapped1<long>;
-template Wrapped1<unsigned int>;
-template Wrapped1<unsigned long>;
-
-template Wrapped2<int, int>;
-template Wrapped2<int, signed char>;
-template Wrapped2<long, signed char>;
-template Wrapped2<long, int>;
-template Wrapped2<long, long>;
-template Wrapped2<unsigned int, unsigned int>;
-template Wrapped2<unsigned int, unsigned char>;
-template Wrapped2<unsigned long, unsigned int>;
-template Wrapped2<unsigned long, unsigned char>;
-template Wrapped2<unsigned long, unsigned long>;
-#endif
-
-#ifdef NDEBUG
-#error This program is pointless when NDEBUG disables assert()!
-#endif
-
-int main()
-{
-    // Regression test.
-    Point x;
-    x = x + Point(3, 4);
-    x = x - Point(3, 4);
-    
-    for (int n = 0; n < 10000; ++n)
-    {
-        boost::min_rand r;
-        tester<long, int>()(r);
-        tester<long, signed char>()(r);
-        tester<long, long>()(r);
-        tester<int, int>()(r);
-        tester<int, signed char>()(r);
-        
-        tester<unsigned long, unsigned int>()(r);
-        tester<unsigned long, unsigned char>()(r);
-        tester<unsigned long, unsigned long>()(r);
-        tester<unsigned int, unsigned int>()(r);
-        tester<unsigned int, unsigned char>()(r);
-    }
-    
-    MyInt i1(1);
-    MyInt i2(2);
-    MyInt i;
-
-    assert( i1.value() == 1 );
-    assert( i2.value() == 2 );
-    assert( i.value() == 0 );
-
-    i = i2;
-    assert( i.value() == 2 );
-    assert( i2 == i );
-    assert( i1 != i2 );
-    assert( i1 <  i2 );
-    assert( i1 <= i2 );
-    assert( i <= i2 );
-    assert( i2 >  i1 );
-    assert( i2 >= i1 );
-    assert( i2 >= i );
-
-    i = i1 + i2; assert( i.value() == 3 );
-    i = i + i2; assert( i.value() == 5 );
-    i = i - i1; assert( i.value() == 4 );
-    i = i * i2; assert( i.value() == 8 );
-    i = i / i2; assert( i.value() == 4 );
-    i = i % (i - i1); assert( i.value() == 1 );
-    i = i2 + i2; assert( i.value() == 4 );
-    i = i1 | i2 | i; assert( i.value() == 7 );
-    i = i & i2; assert( i.value() == 2 );
-    i = i + i1; assert( i.value() == 3 );
-    i = i ^ i1; assert( i.value() == 2 );
-    i = (i+i1)*(i2|i1); assert( i.value() == 9 );
-    
-    MyLong j1(1);
-    MyLong j2(2);
-    MyLong j;
-
-    assert( j1.value() == 1 );
-    assert( j2.value() == 2 );
-    assert( j.value() == 0 );
-
-    j = j2;
-    assert( j.value() == 2 );
-    
-    assert( j2 == j );
-    assert( 2 == j );
-    assert( j2 == 2 );    
-    assert( j == j2 );
-    assert( j1 != j2 );
-    assert( j1 != 2 );
-    assert( 1 != j2 );
-    assert( j1 <  j2 );
-    assert( 1 <  j2 );
-    assert( j1 <  2 );
-    assert( j1 <= j2 );
-    assert( 1 <= j2 );
-    assert( j1 <= j );
-    assert( j <= j2 );
-    assert( 2 <= j2 );
-    assert( j <= 2 );
-    assert( j2 >  j1 );
-    assert( 2 >  j1 );
-    assert( j2 >  1 );
-    assert( j2 >= j1 );
-    assert( 2 >= j1 );
-    assert( j2 >= 1 );
-    assert( j2 >= j );
-    assert( 2 >= j );
-    assert( j2 >= 2 );
-
-    assert( (j1 + 2) == 3 );
-    assert( (1 + j2) == 3 );
-    j = j1 + j2; assert( j.value() == 3 );
-    
-    assert( (j + 2) == 5 );
-    assert( (3 + j2) == 5 );
-    j = j + j2; assert( j.value() == 5 );
-    
-    assert( (j - 1) == 4 );
-    j = j - j1; assert( j.value() == 4 );
-    
-    assert( (j * 2) == 8 );
-    assert( (4 * j2) == 8 );
-    j = j * j2; assert( j.value() == 8 );
-    
-    assert( (j / 2) == 4 );
-    j = j / j2; assert( j.value() == 4 );
-    
-    assert( (j % 3) == 1 );
-    j = j % (j - j1); assert( j.value() == 1 );
-    
-    j = j2 + j2; assert( j.value() == 4 );
-    
-    assert( (1 | j2 | j) == 7 );
-    assert( (j1 | 2 | j) == 7 );
-    assert( (j1 | j2 | 4) == 7 );
-    j = j1 | j2 | j; assert( j.value() == 7 );
-    
-    assert( (7 & j2) == 2 );
-    assert( (j & 2) == 2 );
-    j = j & j2; assert( j.value() == 2 );
-    
-    j = j | j1; assert( j.value() == 3 );
-    
-    assert( (3 ^ j1) == 2 );
-    assert( (j ^ 1) == 2 );
-    j = j ^ j1; assert( j.value() == 2 );
-    
-    j = (j+j1)*(j2|j1); assert( j.value() == 9 );
-    
-    std::cout << "0 errors detected\n";
-    return 0;
-}

type_traits_test.cpp

@@ -1,534 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-/* Release notes:
-   23rd July 2000:
-      Removed all call_traits tests to call_traits_test.cpp
-      Removed all compressed_pair tests to compressed_pair_tests.cpp
-      Improved tests macros
-      Tidied up specialistions of type_types classes for test cases.
-*/
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <typeinfo>
-
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-
-using namespace boost;
-
-#ifdef __BORLANDC__
-#pragma option -w-ccc -w-rch -w-eff -w-aus
-#endif
-
-//
-// define tests here
-unsigned failures = 0;
-unsigned test_count = 0;
-
-#define value_test(v, x) ++test_count;\
-                         if(v != x){++failures; std::cout << "checking value of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl;}
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(is_same<v, x>::value == false){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << typeid(is_same<v, x>).name() << "::value is false" << std::endl; }
-#else
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(typeid(v) != typeid(x)){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << "typeid(" #v ") != typeid(" #x ")" << std::endl; }
-#endif
-
-// Since there is no compiler support, we should specialize:
-//  is_enum for all enumerations (is_enum implies is_POD)
-//  is_union for all unions
-//  is_empty for all empty composites
-//  is_POD for all PODs (except enums) (is_POD implies has_*)
-//  has_* for any UDT that has that trait and is not POD
-
-enum enum_UDT{ one, two, three };
-struct UDT
-{
-   UDT();
-   ~UDT();
-   UDT(const UDT&);
-   UDT& operator=(const UDT&);
-   int i;
-
-   void f1();
-   int f2();
-   int f3(int);
-   int f4(int, float);
-};
-
-struct POD_UDT { int x; };
-struct empty_UDT{ ~empty_UDT(){}; };
-struct empty_POD_UDT{};
-union union_UDT
-{
-  int x;
-  double y;
-  ~union_UDT();
-};
-union POD_union_UDT
-{
-  int x;
-  double y;
-};
-union empty_union_UDT
-{
-  ~empty_union_UDT();
-};
-union empty_POD_union_UDT{};
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_INCLASS_MEMBER_INITIALIZATION
-namespace boost {
-template <> struct is_enum<enum_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_POD<POD_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-// this type is not POD, so we have to specialize the has_* individually
-template <> struct has_trivial_constructor<empty_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_copy<empty_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_assign<empty_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_union<union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_union<POD_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_POD<POD_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_union<empty_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-// this type is not POD, so we have to specialize the has_* individually
-template <> struct has_trivial_constructor<empty_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_copy<empty_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_assign<empty_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_union<empty_POD_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-}
-#else
-namespace boost {
-template <> struct is_enum<enum_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_POD<POD_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-// this type is not POD, so we have to specialize the has_* individually
-template <> struct has_trivial_constructor<empty_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_copy<empty_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_assign<empty_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_union<union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_union<POD_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_POD<POD_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_union<empty_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-// this type is not POD, so we have to specialize the has_* individually
-template <> struct has_trivial_constructor<empty_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_copy<empty_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_assign<empty_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_union<empty_POD_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-}
-#endif
-
-// Steve: All comments that I (Steve Cleary) have added below are prefixed with
-//  "Steve:"  The failures that BCB4 has on the tests are due to Borland's
-//  not considering cv-qual's as a part of the type -- they are considered
-//  compiler hints only.  These failures should be fixed before long.
-
-int main()
-{
-   std::cout << "Checking type operations..." << std::endl << std::endl;
-
-   // cv-qualifiers applied to reference types should have no effect
-   // declare these here for later use with is_reference and remove_reference:
-   typedef int& r_type;
-   typedef const r_type cr_type;
-
-   type_test(int, remove_reference<int>::type)
-   type_test(const int, remove_reference<const int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_reference<int&>::type)
-   type_test(const int, remove_reference<const int&>::type)
-   type_test(volatile int, remove_reference<volatile int&>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_reference<cr_type>::type)
-
-   type_test(int, remove_const<const int>::type)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   type_test(volatile int, remove_const<volatile int>::type)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   type_test(volatile int, remove_const<const volatile int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_const<int>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_const<int* const>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_volatile<volatile int>::type)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   type_test(const int, remove_volatile<const int>::type)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   type_test(const int, remove_volatile<const volatile int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_volatile<int>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_volatile<int* volatile>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_cv<volatile int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_cv<const int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_cv<const volatile int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_cv<int>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_cv<int* volatile>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_cv<int* const>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_cv<int* const volatile>::type)
-   type_test(const int *, remove_cv<const int * const>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_bounds<int>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_bounds<int*>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_bounds<int[3]>::type)
-   type_test(int[3], remove_bounds<int[2][3]>::type)
-
-   std::cout << std::endl << "Checking type properties..." << std::endl << std::endl;
-
-   value_test(true, (is_same<int, int>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int, const int>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int, int&>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int*, const int*>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int*, int*const>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int, int[2]>::value))
-
-   value_test(false, is_const<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_const<const int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_const<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_const<const volatile int>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_volatile<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_volatile<const int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_volatile<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_volatile<const volatile int>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, is_void<void>::value)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   // JM: but looks as though it should according to [3.9.3p1]?
-   //value_test(false, is_void<const void>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_void<int>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<void>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<bool>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<char>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<float>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<double>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<long double>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<long long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<void>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<bool>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_signed_integral<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_signed_integral<short>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_signed_integral<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_signed_integral<long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<float>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<double>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<long double>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<long long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<void>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<bool>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<float>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<double>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<long double>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<long long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<void>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<bool>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<float>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<double>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<long double>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<long long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_arithmetic<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<float>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<double>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<long double>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<bool>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<long long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_array<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_array<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_array<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_array<int[2][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_array<UDT[2]>::value)
-
-   typedef void(*f1)();
-   typedef int(*f2)(int);
-   typedef int(*f3)(int, bool);
-   typedef void (UDT::*mf1)();
-   typedef int (UDT::*mf2)();
-   typedef int (UDT::*mf3)(int);
-   typedef int (UDT::*mf4)(int, float);
-
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_pointer<int*>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3, 3.9.3p1
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int*const>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3, 3.9.3p1
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int*volatile>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3, 3.9.3p1
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int*const volatile>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_pointer<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_pointer<f2>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_pointer<f3>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<mf1>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<mf2>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<mf3>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<mf4>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_reference<bool>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<const int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<volatile int &>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<r_type>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<cr_type>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_class<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<const int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<int*>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<int* const>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<int&>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<mf4>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<f1>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<enum_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<UDT const>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<UDT volatile>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<std::iostream>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<UDT*>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<UDT[2]>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<UDT&>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, is_object<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_object<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_object<int&>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_object<void>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_scalar<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_extension_scalar<void*>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_enum<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_enum<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_member_pointer<f1>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_member_pointer<f2>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_member_pointer<f3>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_member_pointer<mf1>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_member_pointer<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_member_pointer<mf3>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_member_pointer<mf4>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_empty<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<int*>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<int&>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<f1>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<mf1>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_empty<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_empty<empty_POD_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_empty<empty_union_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<const int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_constructor<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<const int>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'false' -- should be 'true' via 3.9p3, 3.9p10
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_copy<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<const int>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'false' -- should be 'true' via 3.9p3, 3.9p10
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_assign<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<const int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_destructor<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_destructor<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int*>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9p10
-   value_test(false, is_POD<int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<const int>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'false', should be 'true', via 3.9p10
-   value_test(true, is_POD<volatile int>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9p10
-   value_test(false, is_POD<const int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_POD<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_POD<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   std::cout << std::endl << test_count << " tests completed (" << failures << " failures)... press any key to exit";
-   std::cin.get();
-   return failures;
-}
-
-
-
-