2023-09-05 16:00:26 +08:00
										 
									 
								 
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								ICMP 回显
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								===========
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								:link_to_translation:`en:[English]`
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								概述
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								----
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								网际控制报文协议 (ICMP) 通常用于诊断或控制目的,或响应 IP 操作中的错误。常用的网络工具 ``ping`` 的应答,即 ``Echo Reply``,就是基于类型字段值为 0 的 ICMP 数据包实现的。
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								在 ping 会话中,首先由源主机发出请求包 (ICMP echo request),然后等待应答包 (ICMP echo reply),等待具有超时限制。通过这一过程,还能测量出信息的往返用时。收到有效的应答包后,源主机会生成 IP 链路层的统计数据(如失包率、运行时间等)。
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								IoT 设备通常需要检查远程服务器是否可用。如果服务器离线,设备应向用户发出警告。通过创建 ping 会话,定期发送或解析 ICMP echo 数据包,就能实现这一功能。
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								为简化这一过程方便用户操作,ESP-IDF 提供了一些好用的 API。
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								创建 ping 会话
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								^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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								要创建 ping 会话,首先需填写 ``esp_ping_config_t``,指定目标芯片 IP 地址、间隔时间等配置。此外,还可以通过 ``esp_ping_callbacks_t`` 注册回调函数。
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								创建 ping 会话并注册回调函数示例:
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								.. code-block:: c
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								    static void test_on_ping_success(esp_ping_handle_t hdl, void *args)
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								    {
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								        // optionally, get callback arguments
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								        // const char* str = (const char*) args;
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								        // printf("%s\r\n", str); // "foo"
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								        uint8_t ttl;
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								        uint16_t seqno;
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								        uint32_t elapsed_time, recv_len;
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								        ip_addr_t target_addr;
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_SEQNO, &seqno, sizeof(seqno));
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_TTL, &ttl, sizeof(ttl));
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_IPADDR, &target_addr, sizeof(target_addr));
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_SIZE, &recv_len, sizeof(recv_len));
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_TIMEGAP, &elapsed_time, sizeof(elapsed_time));
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								        printf("%d bytes from %s icmp_seq=%d ttl=%d time=%d ms\n",
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								               recv_len, inet_ntoa(target_addr.u_addr.ip4), seqno, ttl, elapsed_time);
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								    }
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								    static void test_on_ping_timeout(esp_ping_handle_t hdl, void *args)
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								    {
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								        uint16_t seqno;
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								        ip_addr_t target_addr;
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_SEQNO, &seqno, sizeof(seqno));
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_IPADDR, &target_addr, sizeof(target_addr));
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								        printf("From %s icmp_seq=%d timeout\n", inet_ntoa(target_addr.u_addr.ip4), seqno);
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								    }
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								    static void test_on_ping_end(esp_ping_handle_t hdl, void *args)
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								    {
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								        uint32_t transmitted;
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								        uint32_t received;
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								        uint32_t total_time_ms;
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_REQUEST, &transmitted, sizeof(transmitted));
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_REPLY, &received, sizeof(received));
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								        esp_ping_get_profile(hdl, ESP_PING_PROF_DURATION, &total_time_ms, sizeof(total_time_ms));
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								        printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received, time %dms\n", transmitted, received, total_time_ms);
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								    }
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								    void initialize_ping()
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								    {
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								        /* convert URL to IP address */
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								        ip_addr_t target_addr;
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								        struct addrinfo hint;
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								        struct addrinfo *res = NULL;
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								        memset(&hint, 0, sizeof(hint));
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								        memset(&target_addr, 0, sizeof(target_addr));
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								        getaddrinfo("www.espressif.com", NULL, &hint, &res);
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								        struct in_addr addr4 = ((struct sockaddr_in *) (res->ai_addr))->sin_addr;
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								        inet_addr_to_ip4addr(ip_2_ip4(&target_addr), &addr4);
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								        freeaddrinfo(res);
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								        esp_ping_config_t ping_config = ESP_PING_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
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								        ping_config.target_addr = target_addr;          // target IP address
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								        ping_config.count = ESP_PING_COUNT_INFINITE;    // ping in infinite mode, esp_ping_stop can stop it
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								        /* set callback functions */
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								        esp_ping_callbacks_t cbs;
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								        cbs.on_ping_success = test_on_ping_success;
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								        cbs.on_ping_timeout = test_on_ping_timeout;
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								        cbs.on_ping_end = test_on_ping_end;
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								        cbs.cb_args = "foo";  // arguments that will feed to all callback functions, can be NULL
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								        cbs.cb_args = eth_event_group;
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								        esp_ping_handle_t ping;
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								        esp_ping_new_session(&ping_config, &cbs, &ping);
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								    }
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								启动和停止 ping 会话
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								^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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								使用 ``esp_ping_new_session`` 返回的句柄可以启动或停止 ping 会话。注意,ping 会话在创建后不会自动启动。如果 ping 会话停止后重启,ICMP 数据包的序列号会归零重新计数。
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								删除 ping 会话
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								^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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								如果不再使用 ping 会话,可用 ``esp_ping_delete_session`` 将其删除。在删除 ping 会话时,确保该会话已处于停止状态(即已调用了 ``esp_ping_stop`` ,或该会话已完成所有步骤)。
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								获取运行时间数据
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								^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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								在回调函数中调用 ``esp_ping_get_profile``,可获取 ping 会话的不同运行时间数据,如上文代码示例所示。
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								应用示例
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								----------
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											2024-09-20 12:17:36 +08:00
										 
									 
								 
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								- :example:`protocols/icmp_echo` 演示了如何实现一个简单的 ping 命令行工具,使用 ICMP 回显请求数据包测试远程主机在 IP 网络上的可达性。
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											2023-09-05 16:00:26 +08:00
										 
									 
								 
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								API 参考
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								--------------
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											2024-01-19 14:40:33 +08:00
										 
									 
								 
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								.. include-build-file:: inc/ping_sock.inc
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