cxx: Add KConfig option for C++ exceptions, disable by default

Fixes https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/issues/1072

(Additional 20KB is still used if C++ exception support is enabled in
menuconfig.)

components/cxx/component.mk

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
 # Mark __cxa_guard_dummy as undefined so that implementation of static guards 
 # is taken from cxx_guards.o instead of libstdc++.a
 COMPONENT_ADD_LDFLAGS += -u __cxa_guard_dummy
+
+ifndef CONFIG_CXX_EXCEPTIONS
+# If exceptions are disabled, ensure our fatal exception
+# hooks are preferentially linked over libstdc++ which
+# has full exception support
+COMPONENT_ADD_LDFLAGS += -u __cxx_fatal_exception
+endif
+

components/cxx/cxx_exception_stubs.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <exception>
+#include <bits/functexcept.h>
+#include <sdkconfig.h>
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_CXX_EXCEPTIONS
+
+const char *FATAL_EXCEPTION = "Fatal C++ exception: ";
+
+extern "C" void __cxx_fatal_exception(void)
+{
+    abort();
+}
+
+extern "C" void __cxx_fatal_exception_message(const char *msg)
+{
+    printf("%s%s\n", FATAL_EXCEPTION, msg);
+    abort();
+}
+
+extern "C" void __cxx_fatal_exception_int(int i)
+{
+    printf("%s (%d)\n", FATAL_EXCEPTION, i);
+    abort();
+}
+
+void std::__throw_bad_exception(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+
+void std::__throw_bad_alloc(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+
+void std::__throw_bad_cast(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+
+void std::__throw_bad_typeid(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+
+void std::__throw_logic_error(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_domain_error(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_invalid_argument(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_length_error(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_out_of_range(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_out_of_range_fmt(const char*, ...) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_runtime_error(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_range_error(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_overflow_error(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_underflow_error(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_ios_failure(const char*) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_message")));
+
+void std::__throw_system_error(int) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_int")));
+
+void std::__throw_bad_function_call(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+
+void std::__throw_future_error(int) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception_int")));
+
+
+/* The following definitions are needed because libstdc++ is also compiled with
+   __throw_exception_again defined to throw, and some other exception code in a few places.
+
+   This cause exception handler code to be emitted in the library even though it's mostly
+   unreachable (as any libstdc++ "throw" will first call one of the above stubs, which will abort).
+
+   If these are left out, a bunch of unwanted exception handler code is linked.
+
+   Note: these function prototypes are not correct.
+*/
+
+extern "C" void __cxa_allocate_exception(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+extern "C" void __cxa_begin_catch(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+extern "C" void __cxa_end_catch(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+extern "C" void __cxa_get_exception_ptr(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+extern "C" void __cxa_free_exception(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+extern "C" void __cxa_rethrow(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+extern "C" void __cxa_throw(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+extern "C" void __cxa_call_terminate(void) __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+
+bool std::uncaught_exception() __attribute__((alias("__cxx_fatal_exception")));
+
+#endif // CONFIG_CXX_EXCEPTIONS

components/cxx/test/test_cxx.cpp

@@ -188,8 +188,12 @@ TEST_CASE("before scheduler has started, static initializers work correctly", "[
     TEST_ASSERT_EQUAL(2, StaticInitTestBeforeScheduler::order);
 }
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_CXX_EXCEPTIONS
+
 TEST_CASE("c++ exceptions work", "[cxx]")
 {
+    /* Note: This test currently trips the memory leak threshold
+       as libunwind allocates ~4KB of data on first exception. */
     int thrown_value;
     try
     {
@@ -203,6 +207,8 @@ TEST_CASE("c++ exceptions work", "[cxx]")
     printf("OK?\n");
 }
 
+#endif
+
 /* These test cases pull a lot of code from libstdc++ and are disabled for now
  */
 #if 0