diff --git a/components/driver/include/driver/sdmmc_defs.h b/components/driver/include/driver/sdmmc_defs.h
index c13df6d1aa..96e0743d5f 100644
--- a/components/driver/include/driver/sdmmc_defs.h
+++ b/components/driver/include/driver/sdmmc_defs.h
@@ -86,7 +86,13 @@
 
 /* SPI mode R1 response type bits */
 #define SD_SPI_R1_IDLE_STATE            (1<<0)
+#define SD_SPI_R1_ERASE_RST             (1<<1)
+#define SD_SPI_R1_ILLEGAL_CMD           (1<<2)
 #define SD_SPI_R1_CMD_CRC_ERR           (1<<3)
+#define SD_SPI_R1_ERASE_SEQ_ERR         (1<<4)
+#define SD_SPI_R1_ADDR_ERR              (1<<5)
+#define SD_SPI_R1_PARAM_ERR             (1<<6)
+#define SD_SPI_R1_NO_RESPONSE           (1<<7)
 
 /* 48-bit response decoding (32 bits w/o CRC) */
 #define MMC_R1(resp)                    ((resp)[0])
diff --git a/components/driver/sdspi_host.c b/components/driver/sdspi_host.c
index 74cc24c244..6ac8bfbe4d 100644
--- a/components/driver/sdspi_host.c
+++ b/components/driver/sdspi_host.c
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
 #define GPIO_UNUSED 0xff                //!< Flag indicating that CD/WP is unused
 /// Size of the buffer returned by get_block_buf
 #define SDSPI_BLOCK_BUF_SIZE    (SDSPI_MAX_DATA_LEN + 4)
+/// Maximum number of dummy bytes between the request and response (minimum is 1)
+#define SDSPI_RESPONSE_MAX_DELAY  8
 
 
 /// Structure containing run time configuration for a single SD slot
@@ -422,6 +424,30 @@ static esp_err_t start_command_default(int slot, int flags, sdspi_hw_cmd_t *cmd)
         .rx_buffer = cmd
     };
     esp_err_t ret = spi_device_transmit(spi_handle(slot), &t);
+    if (cmd->cmd_index == MMC_STOP_TRANSMISSION) {
+        /* response is a stuff byte from previous transfer, ignore it */
+        cmd->r1 = 0xff;
+    }
+    int response_delay_bytes = SDSPI_RESPONSE_MAX_DELAY;
+    while ((cmd->r1 & SD_SPI_R1_NO_RESPONSE) != 0 && response_delay_bytes-- > 0) {
+        spi_transaction_t* t = get_transaction(slot);
+        *t = (spi_transaction_t) {
+            .flags = SPI_TRANS_USE_RXDATA | SPI_TRANS_USE_TXDATA,
+            .length = 8,
+        };
+        t->tx_data[0] = 0xff;
+        ret = spi_device_transmit(spi_handle(slot), t);
+        uint8_t r1 = t->rx_data[0];
+        release_transaction(slot);
+        if (ret != ESP_OK) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+        cmd->r1 = r1;
+    }
+    if (cmd->r1 & SD_SPI_R1_NO_RESPONSE) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s: no response token found", __func__);
+        return ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT;
+    }
     return ret;
 }
 
@@ -564,6 +590,9 @@ static esp_err_t poll_data_token(int slot, spi_transaction_t* t,
  *    indicating the start of the next block. Actual scanning is done by
  *    setting pre_scan_data_ptr to point to these last 2 bytes, and setting
  *    pre_scan_data_size = 2, then going to step 2 to receive the next block.
+ *    When the final block is being received, the number of extra bytes is 2
+ *    (only for CRC), because we don't need to wait for start token of the
+ *    next block, and some cards are getting confused by these two extra bytes.
  *
  * With this approach the delay between blocks of a multi-block transfer is
  * ~95 microseconds, out of which 35 microseconds are spend doing the CRC check.
@@ -576,7 +605,7 @@ static esp_err_t start_command_read_blocks(int slot, sdspi_hw_cmd_t *cmd,
     bool need_stop_command = rx_length > SDSPI_MAX_DATA_LEN;
     spi_transaction_t* t_command = get_transaction(slot);
     *t_command = (spi_transaction_t) {
-        .length = (SDSPI_CMD_R1_SIZE + 8) * 8,
+        .length = (SDSPI_CMD_R1_SIZE + SDSPI_RESPONSE_MAX_DELAY) * 8,
         .tx_buffer = cmd,
         .rx_buffer = cmd,
     };
@@ -587,9 +616,21 @@ static esp_err_t start_command_read_blocks(int slot, sdspi_hw_cmd_t *cmd,
     release_transaction(slot);
 
     uint8_t* cmd_u8 = (uint8_t*) cmd;
-    size_t pre_scan_data_size = 8;
+    size_t pre_scan_data_size = SDSPI_RESPONSE_MAX_DELAY;
     uint8_t* pre_scan_data_ptr = cmd_u8 + SDSPI_CMD_R1_SIZE;
 
+    /* R1 response is delayed by 1-8 bytes from the request.
+     * This loop searches for the response and writes it to cmd->r1.
+     */
+    while ((cmd->r1 & SD_SPI_R1_NO_RESPONSE) != 0 && pre_scan_data_size > 0) {
+        cmd->r1 = *pre_scan_data_ptr;
+        ++pre_scan_data_ptr;
+        --pre_scan_data_size;
+    }
+    if (cmd->r1 & SD_SPI_R1_NO_RESPONSE) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "no response token found");
+        return ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT;
+    }
 
     while (rx_length > 0) {
         size_t extra_data_size = 0;
@@ -627,7 +668,7 @@ static esp_err_t start_command_read_blocks(int slot, sdspi_hw_cmd_t *cmd,
         }
 
         // receive actual data
-        const size_t receive_extra_bytes = 4;
+        const size_t receive_extra_bytes = (rx_length > SDSPI_MAX_DATA_LEN) ? 4 : 2;
         memset(rx_data, 0xff, will_receive + receive_extra_bytes);
         spi_transaction_t* t_data = get_transaction(slot);
         *t_data = (spi_transaction_t) {
@@ -682,6 +723,9 @@ static esp_err_t start_command_read_blocks(int slot, sdspi_hw_cmd_t *cmd,
         if (ret != ESP_OK) {
             return ret;
         }
+        if (stop_cmd.r1 != 0) {
+            ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s: STOP_TRANSMISSION response 0x%02x", __func__, stop_cmd.r1);
+        }
         spi_transaction_t* t_poll = get_transaction(slot);
         ret = poll_busy(slot, t_poll, cmd->timeout_ms);
         release_transaction(slot);
diff --git a/components/driver/sdspi_transaction.c b/components/driver/sdspi_transaction.c
index 64271749ad..728979b333 100644
--- a/components/driver/sdspi_transaction.c
+++ b/components/driver/sdspi_transaction.c
@@ -51,6 +51,34 @@ void make_hw_cmd(uint32_t opcode, uint32_t arg, int timeout_ms, sdspi_hw_cmd_t *
     hw_cmd->timeout_ms = timeout_ms;
 }
 
+static void r1_response_to_err(uint8_t r1, esp_err_t *out_err)
+{
+    if (r1 & SD_SPI_R1_NO_RESPONSE) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "R1 response not found");
+        *out_err = ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT;
+    } else if (r1 & SD_SPI_R1_CMD_CRC_ERR) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "R1 response: command CRC error");
+        *out_err = ESP_ERR_INVALID_CRC;
+    } else if (r1 & SD_SPI_R1_ILLEGAL_CMD) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "R1 response: command not supported");
+        *out_err = ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    } else if (r1 & SD_SPI_R1_ADDR_ERR) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "R1 response: alignment error");
+        *out_err = ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
+    } else if (r1 & SD_SPI_R1_PARAM_ERR) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "R1 response: size error");
+        *out_err = ESP_ERR_INVALID_SIZE;
+    } else if ((r1 & SD_SPI_R1_ERASE_RST) ||
+               (r1 & SD_SPI_R1_ERASE_SEQ_ERR)) {
+        *out_err = ESP_ERR_INVALID_STATE;
+    } else if (r1 & SD_SPI_R1_IDLE_STATE) {
+        // Idle state is handled at command layer
+    } else if (r1 != 0) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "R1 response: unexpected value 0x%02x", r1);
+        *out_err = ESP_ERR_INVALID_RESPONSE;
+    }
+}
+
 esp_err_t sdspi_host_do_transaction(int slot, sdmmc_command_t *cmdinfo)
 {
     _lock_acquire(&s_lock);
@@ -93,21 +121,11 @@ esp_err_t sdspi_host_do_transaction(int slot, sdmmc_command_t *cmdinfo)
         // Some errors should be reported using return code
         if (flags & SDSPI_CMD_FLAG_RSP_R1) {
             cmdinfo->response[0] = hw_cmd.r1;
-            if (hw_cmd.r1 == 0xff) {
-                // No response received at all
-            } else if (hw_cmd.r1 & SD_SPI_R1_CMD_CRC_ERR) {
-                ret = ESP_ERR_INVALID_CRC;
-            } else if (hw_cmd.r1 & SD_SPI_R1_IDLE_STATE) {
-                // Idle state is handled at command layer
-            } else if (hw_cmd.r1 != 0) {
-                ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unexpected R1 response: 0x%02x", hw_cmd.r1);
-            }
+            r1_response_to_err(hw_cmd.r1, &ret);
         } else if (flags & SDSPI_CMD_FLAG_RSP_R2) {
             cmdinfo->response[0] = (((uint32_t)hw_cmd.r1) << 8) | (hw_cmd.response[0] >> 24);
         } else if (flags & (SDSPI_CMD_FLAG_RSP_R3 | SDSPI_CMD_FLAG_RSP_R7)) {
-            // Drop r1 response, only copy the other 4 bytes of data
-            // TODO: can we somehow preserve r1 response and keep upper layer
-            // same as in SD mode?
+            r1_response_to_err(hw_cmd.r1, &ret);
             cmdinfo->response[0] = __builtin_bswap32(hw_cmd.response[0]);
         }
     }
diff --git a/components/fatfs/test/test_fatfs_sdmmc.c b/components/fatfs/test/test_fatfs_sdmmc.c
index ae53009007..6dc1ec3fc0 100644
--- a/components/fatfs/test/test_fatfs_sdmmc.c
+++ b/components/fatfs/test/test_fatfs_sdmmc.c
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ static void test_setup(void)
     sdmmc_slot_config_t slot_config = SDMMC_SLOT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
     esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount_config_t mount_config = {
         .format_if_mount_failed = true,
-        .max_files = 5
+        .max_files = 5,
+        .allocation_unit_size = 16 * 1024
     };
     TEST_ESP_OK(esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount("/sdcard", &host, &slot_config, &mount_config, NULL));
 }
@@ -50,9 +51,8 @@ static void test_teardown(void)
 }
 
 static const char* test_filename = "/sdcard/hello.txt";
-static const char* test_filename_utf_8 = "/sdcard/测试文件.txt";
 
-TEST_CASE("Mount fails cleanly without card inserted", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("Mount fails cleanly without card inserted", "[fatfs][sd][ignore]")
 {
     size_t heap_size;
     HEAP_SIZE_CAPTURE(heap_size);
@@ -64,22 +64,22 @@ TEST_CASE("Mount fails cleanly without card inserted", "[fatfs][ignore]")
     };
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
-        printf("Initializing card, attempt %d ", i);
+        printf("Initializing card, attempt %d\n", i);
         esp_err_t err = esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount("/sdcard", &host, &slot_config, &mount_config, NULL);
-        printf(" err=%d\n", err);
-        TEST_ESP_ERR(ESP_FAIL, err);
+        printf("err=%d\n", err);
+        TEST_ESP_ERR(ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT, err);
     }
     HEAP_SIZE_CHECK(heap_size, 0);
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) can create and write file", "[fatfs][sdcard][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) can create and write file", "[fatfs][sd][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_create_file_with_text(test_filename, fatfs_test_hello_str);
     test_teardown();
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) can read file", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) can read file", "[fatfs][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_create_file_with_text(test_filename, fatfs_test_hello_str);
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ TEST_CASE("(SD) can read file", "[fatfs][ignore]")
 }
 
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) overwrite and append file", "[fatfs][sdcard][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) overwrite and append file", "[fatfs][sd][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_overwrite_append(test_filename);
@@ -96,56 +96,56 @@ TEST_CASE("(SD) overwrite and append file", "[fatfs][sdcard][ignore]")
 }
 
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) can lseek", "[fatfs][sdcard][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) can lseek", "[fatfs][sd][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_lseek("/sdcard/seek.txt");
     test_teardown();
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) stat returns correct values", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) stat returns correct values", "[fatfs][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_stat("/sdcard/stat.txt", "/sdcard");
     test_teardown();
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) unlink removes a file", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) unlink removes a file", "[fatfs][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_unlink("/sdcard/unlink.txt");
     test_teardown();
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) link copies a file, rename moves a file", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) link copies a file, rename moves a file", "[fatfs][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_link_rename("/sdcard/link");
     test_teardown();
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) can create and remove directories", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) can create and remove directories", "[fatfs][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_mkdir_rmdir("/sdcard/dir");
     test_teardown();
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) can opendir root directory of FS", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) can opendir root directory of FS", "[fatfs][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_can_opendir("/sdcard");
     test_teardown();
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) opendir, readdir, rewinddir, seekdir work as expected", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) opendir, readdir, rewinddir, seekdir work as expected", "[fatfs][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_opendir_readdir_rewinddir("/sdcard/dir");
     test_teardown();
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) multiple tasks can use same volume", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) multiple tasks can use same volume", "[fatfs][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_concurrent("/sdcard/f");
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ TEST_CASE("(SD) multiple tasks can use same volume", "[fatfs][ignore]")
 
 static void speed_test(void* buf, size_t buf_size, size_t file_size, bool write);
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) write/read speed test", "[fatfs][sdcard][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) write/read speed test", "[fatfs][sd][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     size_t heap_size;
     HEAP_SIZE_CAPTURE(heap_size);
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ TEST_CASE("(SD) write/read speed test", "[fatfs][sdcard][ignore]")
     for (size_t i = 0; i < buf_size / 4; ++i) {
         buf[i] = esp_random();
     }
-    const size_t file_size = 4 * 1024 * 1024;
+    const size_t file_size = 1 * 1024 * 1024;
 
     speed_test(buf, 4 * 1024, file_size, true);
     speed_test(buf, 8 * 1024, file_size, true);
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ static void speed_test(void* buf, size_t buf_size, size_t file_size, bool write)
     TEST_ESP_OK(esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_unmount());
 }
 
-TEST_CASE("(SD) mount two FAT partitions, SDMMC and WL, at the same time", "[fatfs][sdcard][ignore]")
+TEST_CASE("(SD) mount two FAT partitions, SDMMC and WL, at the same time", "[fatfs][sd][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     esp_vfs_fat_sdmmc_mount_config_t mount_config = {
         .format_if_mount_failed = true,
@@ -247,7 +247,10 @@ TEST_CASE("(SD) mount two FAT partitions, SDMMC and WL, at the same time", "[fat
  * Ensure that the text editor is UTF-8 compatible when compiling these tests.
  */
 #if defined(CONFIG_FATFS_API_ENCODING_UTF_8) && (CONFIG_FATFS_CODEPAGE == 936)
-TEST_CASE("(SD) can read file using UTF-8 encoded strings", "[fatfs][ignore]")
+
+static const char* test_filename_utf_8 = "/sdcard/测试文件.txt";
+
+TEST_CASE("(SD) can read file using UTF-8 encoded strings", "[fatfs][sd][test_env=UT_T1_SDMODE]")
 {
     test_setup();
     test_fatfs_create_file_with_text(test_filename_utf_8, fatfs_test_hello_str_utf);
@@ -261,4 +264,4 @@ TEST_CASE("(SD) opendir, readdir, rewinddir, seekdir work as expected using UTF-
     test_fatfs_opendir_readdir_rewinddir_utf_8("/sdcard/目录");
     test_teardown();
 }
-#endif
+#endif // CONFIG_FATFS_API_ENCODING_UTF_8 && CONFIG_FATFS_CODEPAGE == 936
diff --git a/components/sdmmc/sdmmc_cmd.c b/components/sdmmc/sdmmc_cmd.c
index 594e469767..2c58843c2d 100644
--- a/components/sdmmc/sdmmc_cmd.c
+++ b/components/sdmmc/sdmmc_cmd.c
@@ -112,7 +112,9 @@ esp_err_t sdmmc_card_init(const sdmmc_host_t* config, sdmmc_card_t* card)
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SDHC/SDXC card");
         host_ocr |= SD_OCR_SDHC_CAP;
     } else if (err == ESP_ERR_TIMEOUT) {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CMD8 timeout; not an SDHC/SDXC card");
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CMD8 timeout; not an SD v2.00 card");
+    } else if (is_spi && err == ESP_ERR_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CMD8 rejected; not an SD v2.00 card");
     } else {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s: send_if_cond (1) returned 0x%x", __func__, err);
         return err;