Minor improvements in the release workflow

If you try to call them, you'll now get the same error message as any unsupported type.
You could also add a custom converter for `char*` and `char`.

.clang-format

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ Standard: Cpp03
 AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty
 IncludeBlocks: Preserve
 IndentPPDirectives: AfterHash
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
 
 # Always break after if to get accurate coverage
 AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -10,18 +10,25 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install
         run: sudo apt-get install -y clang-format
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Symlinks
         run: find * -type l -printf "::error::%p is a symlink. This is forbidden by the Arduino Library Specification." -exec false {} +
       - name: Clang-format
         run: |
           find src/ extras/ -name '*.[ch]pp' | xargs clang-format -i --verbose --style=file
           git diff --exit-code
+      - name: Check URLs
+        run: |
+          grep -hREo "(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_%:-]*" src/ | sort -u | while read -r URL
+          do
+            STATUS=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -I -w "%{http_code}" "$URL")
+            [ "$STATUS" -ge 400 ] && echo "::warning title=HTTP $STATUS::$URL returned $STATUS"
+          done || true
 
   gcc:
     name: GCC
     needs: lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -45,17 +52,15 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Install
         run: |
-          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main'
-          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty universe'
-          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main'
-          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe'
-          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main'
-          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe'
-          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu hirsute main universe'
+          sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 40976EAF437D05B5 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe'
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main universe'
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main universe'
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main universe'
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y gcc-${{ matrix.gcc }} g++-${{ matrix.gcc }}
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Configure
         run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
         env:
@@ -65,7 +70,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: cmake --build .
       - name: Test
-        run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+        run: |
+          echo "## CTest output" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug . | tee -a $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
         env:
           UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1
 
@@ -110,7 +119,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y clang-${{ matrix.clang }}
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Configure
         run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
         env:
@@ -122,7 +131,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         run: cmake --build .
       - name: Test
-        run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+        run: |
+          echo "## CTest output" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug . | tee -a $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+          echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
         env:
           UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1
 
@@ -136,7 +149,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y g++-multilib
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: GCC 32-bit
         run: g++ -std=c++11 -m32 -Isrc extras/conf_test/x86.cpp
       - name: GCC 64-bit
@@ -152,7 +165,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: [gcc, clang]
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: 32-bit
         run: |
           call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat"
@@ -167,17 +180,17 @@ jobs:
   xcode:
     name: XCode
     needs: clang
-    runs-on: macos-10.15
+    runs-on: macos-11
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         include:
-          - xcode: "10.3"
           - xcode: "11.7"
           - xcode: "12.4"
+          - xcode: "13.2.1"
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Select XCode version
         run: sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_${{ matrix.xcode }}.app
       - name: Configure
@@ -199,7 +212,7 @@ jobs:
   #   runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
   #   steps:
   #     - name: Checkout
-  #       uses: actions/checkout@v2
+  #       uses: actions/checkout@v3
   #     - name: Configure
   #       run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
   #     - name: Build
@@ -221,9 +234,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Install arduino-cli
-        run: brew update && brew install arduino-cli
+        run: curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=/usr/local/bin sh
       - name: Install core
         run: arduino-cli core install ${{ matrix.core }}
       - name: Install libraries
@@ -294,14 +307,14 @@ jobs:
             conf_test: esp8266
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Set up cache for pip
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: ~/.cache/pip
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip
       - name: Set up Python 3.x
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
       - name: Install PlatformIO
@@ -313,7 +326,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ matrix.platform == 'nordicnrf52' }}
         run: find examples/ -name '*.ino' -exec sed -i 's/\(#include <ArduinoJson.h>\)/\1\n#include <Adafruit_TinyUSB.h>/' {} +
       - name: Set up cache for platformio
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-platformio-${{ matrix.platform }}
@@ -362,7 +375,7 @@ jobs:
           - board: argon
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Install Particle CLI
         run: sudo npm install -g particle-cli
       - name: Login to Particle
@@ -380,7 +393,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Configure
         run: cmake .
         env:
@@ -397,7 +410,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install
         run: sudo apt-get install -y lcov ninja-build
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Configure
         run: cmake -G Ninja -DCOVERAGE=true .
       - name: Build
@@ -411,7 +424,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: genhtml
         run: mkdir coverage && genhtml coverage_filtered.info -o coverage -t ArduinoJson
       - name: Upload HTML report
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: Coverage report
           path: coverage
@@ -431,7 +444,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y valgrind ninja-build
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Configure
         run: cmake -G Ninja -D MEMORYCHECK_COMMAND_OPTIONS="--error-exitcode=1 --leak-check=full"  .
       - name: Build
@@ -451,7 +464,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install
         run: sudo apt-get install -y clang-tidy cmake ninja-build
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Configure
         run: cmake -G Ninja -DCMAKE_CXX_CLANG_TIDY="clang-tidy-10;--warnings-as-errors=*" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
         env:
@@ -466,7 +479,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Amalgamate
         id: amalgamate
         run: |
@@ -478,7 +491,7 @@ jobs:
           INPUT=src/ArduinoJson.h
           OUTPUT=ArduinoJson-$VERSION.h
           extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh "$INPUT" "$OUTPUT"
-          echo ::set-output name=filename::${OUTPUT}
+          echo "filename=${OUTPUT}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Smoke test
         run: |
           g++ -x c++ - <<END
@@ -489,7 +502,7 @@ jobs:
           }
           END
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: Single headers
           path: ${{ steps.amalgamate.outputs.filename }}
@@ -500,7 +513,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Amalgamate
         id: amalgamate
         run: |
@@ -512,7 +525,7 @@ jobs:
           INPUT=src/ArduinoJson.hpp
           OUTPUT=ArduinoJson-$VERSION.hpp
           extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh "$INPUT" "$OUTPUT"
-          echo ::set-output name=filename::${OUTPUT}
+          echo "filename=${OUTPUT}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Smoke test
         run: |
           g++ -x c++ - <<END
@@ -523,7 +536,7 @@ jobs:
           }
           END
       - name: Upload artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
           name: Single headers
           path: ${{ steps.amalgamate.outputs.filename }}
@@ -534,14 +547,14 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Setup cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: ~/.espressif
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-esp-idf
       - name: Checkout ArduinoJson
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Checkout ESP-IDF
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           repository: espressif/esp-idf
           path: esp-idf
@@ -558,3 +571,32 @@ jobs:
           source esp-idf/export.sh
           cd extras/ci/espidf
           idf.py build
+
+  codeql:
+    name: CodeQL
+    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
+    needs: gcc
+
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      with:
+        languages: cpp
+
+    - name: Build
+      run: |
+        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+        cmake --build .
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+      with:
+        category: "/language:cpp"

.github/workflows/lock.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: 'Lock Threads'
+name: Lock Threads
 
 on:
   schedule:
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ jobs:
   lock:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v2
+      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v4
         with:
           github-token: ${{ github.token }}
-          issue-lock-inactive-days: 30
+          issue-inactive-days: 30

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -13,39 +13,64 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set variables
         id: init
         run: |
-          echo ::set-output name=tag::${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
-          echo ::set-output name=version::${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}
+          echo "tag=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "version=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
       - name: Write release body
         id: body
         run: |
           FILENAME=RELEASE.md
           extras/scripts/get-release-body.sh ${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }} CHANGELOG.md | tee $FILENAME
-          echo ::set-output name=filename::$FILENAME
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.h
         id: amalgamate_h
         run: |
           FILENAME=ArduinoJson-${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }}.h
           extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh src/ArduinoJson.h "$FILENAME"
-          echo ::set-output name=filename::$FILENAME
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.hpp
         id: amalgamate_hpp
         run: |
           FILENAME=ArduinoJson-${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }}.hpp
           extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh src/ArduinoJson.hpp "$FILENAME"
-          echo ::set-output name=filename::$FILENAME
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Create Arduino package
         id: arduino
         run: |
           FILENAME=ArduinoJson-${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }}.zip
           extras/scripts/build-arduino-package.sh . "$FILENAME"
-          echo ::set-output name=filename::$FILENAME
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Create release
         uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
         with:
           bodyFile: ${{ steps.body.outputs.filename }}
-          draft: true
           name: ArduinoJson ${{ steps.init.outputs.version }}
           artifacts: ${{ steps.amalgamate_h.outputs.filename }},${{ steps.amalgamate_hpp.outputs.filename }},${{ steps.arduino.outputs.filename }}
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+  idf:
+    name: IDF Component Registry
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Upload component to the component registry
+        uses: espressif/upload-components-ci-action@v1
+        with:
+          name: ArduinoJson
+          namespace: bblanchon
+          api_token: ${{ secrets.IDF_COMPONENT_API_TOKEN }}
+
+  particle:
+    name: Particle
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: npm install -g particle-cli
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Login
+        run: particle login --token ${{ secrets.PARTICLE_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Publish
+        run: bash -eux extras/scripts/publish-particle-library.sh

.gitignore

@@ -15,3 +15,6 @@
 # Used by CI for Particle
 /src/*.ino
 /project.properties
+
+# Used by IDF
+/dist/

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -5,18 +5,10 @@
   "git.inputValidationSubjectLength": 72,
   "files.insertFinalNewline": true,
   "files.trimFinalNewlines": true,
-  "files.associations": {
-    "fstream": "cpp",
-    "iomanip": "cpp",
-    "string": "cpp",
-    "system_error": "cpp",
-    "vector": "cpp",
-    "xlocmon": "cpp",
-    "xlocnum": "cpp",
-    "xloctime": "cpp",
-    "xstring": "cpp"
-  },
   "search.exclude": {
     "/extras/tests/catch/*": true
-  }
+  },
+  "C_Cpp.default.includePath": [
+    "/src"
+  ]
 }

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,6 +1,48 @@
 ArduinoJson: change log
 =======================
 
+v6.20.1 (2023-02-08)
+-------
+
+* Remove explicit exclusion of `as<char*>()` and `as<char>()` (issue #1860)
+  If you try to call them, you'll now get the same error message as any unsupported type.
+  You could also add a custom converter for `char*` and `char`.
+
+v6.20.0 (2022-12-26)
+-------
+
+* Add `JsonVariant::shallowCopy()` (issue #1343)
+* Fix `9.22337e+18 is outside the range of representable values of type 'long'`
+* Fix comparison operators for `JsonArray`, `JsonArrayConst`, `JsonObject`, and `JsonObjectConst`
+* Fix lax parsing of `true`, `false`, and `null` (issue #1781)
+* Remove undocumented `accept()` functions
+* Rename `addElement()` to `add()`
+* Remove `getElement()`, `getOrAddElement()`, `getMember()`, and `getOrAddMember()`
+* Remove undocumented `JsonDocument::data()` and `JsonDocument::memoryPool()`
+* Remove undocumented `JsonArrayIterator::internal()` and `JsonObjectIterator::internal()`
+* Rename things in `ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE` to match the public names
+* Add documentation to most public symbols
+* Remove support for naked `char` (was deprecated since 6.18.0)
+
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+>
+> This release hides `JsonVariant`'s functions that were only intended for internal use.
+> If you were using them in your programs, you must replace with `operator[]` and `to<JsonVariant>()`, like so:
+>
+> ```c++
+> // before
+> JsonVariant a = variant.getElement(idx);
+> JsonVariant b = variant.getOrAddElement(idx);
+> JsonVariant c = variant.getMember(key);
+> JsonVariant d = variant.getOrAddMember(key);
+>
+> // after
+> JsonVariant a = variant[idx];
+> JsonVariant b = idx < variant.size() ? variant[idx] : variant[idx].to<JsonVariant>();
+> JsonVariant c = variant[key];
+> JsonVariant d = variant.containsKey(key) ? variant[key] : variant[key].to<JsonVariant>();
+> ```
+
 v6.19.4 (2022-04-05)
 -------
 

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ if(ESP_PLATFORM)
    return()
 endif()
 
-project(ArduinoJson VERSION 6.19.4)
+project(ArduinoJson VERSION 6.20.1)
 
 if(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL PROJECT_NAME)
     include(CTest)

LICENSE.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-The MIT License (MIT)
----------------------
-
-Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+The MIT License (MIT)
+---------------------
+
+Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

README.md

@@ -1,47 +1,49 @@
-![ArduinoJson](banner.svg)
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://arduinojson.org/"><img alt="ArduinoJson" src="https://arduinojson.org/images/logo.svg" width="200" /></a>
+</p>
 
 ---
 
-[![GitHub Workflow Status](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/Continuous%20Integration?logo=github)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Continuous+Integration%22+branch%3A6.x)
+[![GitHub Workflow Status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/ci.yml?branch=6.x&logo=github)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Continuous+Integration%22+branch%3A6.x)
 [![Continuous Integration](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/m7s53wav1l0abssg/branch/6.x?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bblanchon/arduinojson/branch/6.x)
 [![Fuzzing Status](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/arduinojson.svg)](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:arduinojson)
-[![LGTM Grade](https://img.shields.io/lgtm/grade/cpp/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?label=quality&logo=lgtm)](https://lgtm.com/projects/g/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/)
 [![Coveralls branch](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/6.x?logo=coveralls)](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=6.x)  
-[![Arduino Library Manager](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Arduino&message=v6.19.4&logo=arduino&logoColor=white&color=blue)](https://www.ardu-badge.com/ArduinoJson/6.19.4)
-[![PlatformIO Registry](https://badges.registry.platformio.org/packages/bblanchon/library/ArduinoJson.svg?version=6.19.4)](https://registry.platformio.org/packages/libraries/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?version=6.19.4) 
-[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?style=flat&logo=github)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/stargazers)
-[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/github/sponsors/bblanchon?logo=github)](https://github.com/sponsors/bblanchon)
+[![Arduino Library Manager](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Arduino&message=v6.20.1&logo=arduino&logoColor=white&color=blue)](https://www.ardu-badge.com/ArduinoJson/6.20.1)
+[![PlatformIO Registry](https://badges.registry.platformio.org/packages/bblanchon/library/ArduinoJson.svg?version=6.20.1)](https://registry.platformio.org/packages/libraries/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?version=6.20.1) 
+[![ESP IDF](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=ESP+IDF&message=v6.20.1&logo=cpu&logoColor=white&color=blue)](https://components.espressif.com/components/bblanchon/arduinojson)  
+[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?style=flat&logo=github&color=orange)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/stargazers)
+[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/github/sponsors/bblanchon?logo=github&color=orange)](https://github.com/sponsors/bblanchon)
 
 ArduinoJson is a C++ JSON library for Arduino and IoT (Internet Of Things).
 
 ## Features
 
-* [JSON deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Optionally decodes UTF-16 escape sequences to UTF-8](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/decode_unicode/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Optionally stores links to the input buffer (zero-copy)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Optionally supports comments in the input](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_comments/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Optionally filters the input to keep only desired values](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme#filtering)
+* [JSON deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/)
+    * [Optionally decodes UTF-16 escape sequences to UTF-8](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/decode_unicode/)
+    * [Optionally stores links to the input buffer (zero-copy)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/)
+    * [Optionally supports comments in the input](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_comments/)
+    * [Optionally filters the input to keep only desired values](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/#filtering)
     * Supports single quotes as a string delimiter
     * Compatible with [NDJSON](http://ndjson.org/) and [JSON Lines](https://jsonlines.org/)
-* [JSON serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejson/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Can write to a buffer or a stream](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejson/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Optionally indents the document (prettified JSON)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejsonpretty/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-* [MessagePack serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/msgpack/serializemsgpack/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-* [MessagePack deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/msgpack/deserializemsgpack/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+* [JSON serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejson/)
+    * [Can write to a buffer or a stream](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejson/)
+    * [Optionally indents the document (prettified JSON)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejsonpretty/)
+* [MessagePack serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/msgpack/serializemsgpack/)
+* [MessagePack deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/msgpack/deserializemsgpack/)
 * Efficient
-    * [Twice smaller than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Almost 10% faster than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Consumes roughly 10% less RAM than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Fixed memory allocation, no heap fragmentation](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Optionally works without heap memory (zero malloc)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/staticjsondocument/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Deduplicates strings](https://arduinojson.org/news/2020/08/01/version-6-16-0/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+    * [Twice smaller than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Almost 10% faster than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Consumes roughly 10% less RAM than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Fixed memory allocation, no heap fragmentation](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/)
+    * [Optionally works without heap memory (zero malloc)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/staticjsondocument/)
+    * [Deduplicates strings](https://arduinojson.org/news/2020/08/01/version-6-16-0/)
 * Versatile
-    * Supports [custom allocators (to use external RAM chip, for example)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/how-to/use-external-ram-on-esp32/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * Supports [`String`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_arduino_string/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme), [`std::string`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_std_string/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme), and [`std::string_view`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_string_view/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * Supports [`Stream`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_arduino_stream/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme) and [`std::istream`/`std::ostream`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_std_stream/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * Supports [Flash strings](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_progmem/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * Supports [custom readers](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme#custom-reader) and [custom writers](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejson/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme#custom-writer)
-    * Supports [custom converters](https://arduinojson.org/news/2021/05/04/version-6-18-0/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+    * Supports [custom allocators (to use external RAM chip, for example)](https://arduinojson.org/v6/how-to/use-external-ram-on-esp32/)
+    * Supports [`String`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_arduino_string/), [`std::string`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_std_string/), and [`std::string_view`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_string_view/)
+    * Supports [`Stream`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_arduino_stream/) and [`std::istream`/`std::ostream`](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_std_stream/)
+    * Supports [Flash strings](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/config/enable_progmem/)
+    * Supports [custom readers](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/deserializejson/#custom-reader) and [custom writers](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/json/serializejson/#custom-writer)
+    * Supports [custom converters](https://arduinojson.org/news/2021/05/04/version-6-18-0/)
 * Portable
     * Usable on any C++ project (not limited to Arduino)
     * Compatible with C++98, C++11, C++14 and C++17
@@ -69,15 +71,15 @@ ArduinoJson is a C++ JSON library for Arduino and IoT (Internet Of Things).
         * [Visual Micro](http://www.visualmicro.com/)
         * [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com/)
     * [Even works with online compilers like wandbox.org](https://wandbox.org/permlink/RlZSKy17DjJ6HcdN)
-    * [CMake friendly](https://arduinojson.org/v6/how-to/use-arduinojson-with-cmake/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+    * [CMake friendly](https://arduinojson.org/v6/how-to/use-arduinojson-with-cmake/)
 * Well designed
-    * [Elegant API](http://arduinojson.org/v6/example/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+    * [Elegant API](http://arduinojson.org/v6/example/)
     * [Thread-safe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_safety)
     * Self-contained (no external dependency)
     * `const` friendly
-    * [`for` friendly](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonobject/begin_end/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+    * [`for` friendly](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonobject/begin_end/)
     * [TMP friendly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_metaprogramming)
-    * Handles [integer overflows](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonvariant/as/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme#integer-overflows)
+    * Handles [integer overflows](https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonvariant/as/#integer-overflows)
 * Well tested
     * [Unit test coverage close to 100%](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=6.x)
     * Continuously tested on
@@ -87,18 +89,17 @@ ArduinoJson is a C++ JSON library for Arduino and IoT (Internet Of Things).
     * [Continuously fuzzed with Google OSS Fuzz](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:arduinojson)
     * Passes all default checks of [clang-tidy](https://releases.llvm.org/10.0.0/tools/clang/tools/extra/docs/clang-tidy/)
 * Well documented
-    * [Tutorials](https://arduinojson.org/v6/doc/deserialization/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Examples](https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [How-tos](https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [FAQ](https://arduinojson.org/v6/faq/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Troubleshooter](https://arduinojson.org/v6/troubleshooter/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-    * [Book](https://arduinojson.org/book/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+    * [Tutorials](https://arduinojson.org/v6/doc/deserialization/)
+    * [Examples](https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/)
+    * [How-tos](https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/)
+    * [FAQ](https://arduinojson.org/v6/faq/)
+    * [Troubleshooter](https://arduinojson.org/v6/troubleshooter/)
+    * [Book](https://arduinojson.org/book/)
     * [Changelog](CHANGELOG.md)
 * Vibrant user community
     * Most popular of all Arduino libraries on [GitHub](https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=arduino+library&s=stars&type=Repositories)
     * [Used in hundreds of projects](https://www.hackster.io/search?i=projects&q=arduinojson)
     * [Responsive support](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)
-    * [Discord server](https://discord.gg/DzN6hHHD4h)
 
 ## Quickstart
 
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ double latitude    = doc["data"][0];
 double longitude   = doc["data"][1];
 ```
 
-See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/doc/decoding/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/v6/doc/deserialization/)
 
 ### Serialization
 
@@ -137,16 +138,13 @@ serializeJson(doc, Serial);
 // {"sensor":"gps","time":1351824120,"data":[48.756080,2.302038]}
 ```
 
-See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/doc/encoding/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/v6/doc/serialization/)
 
 ## Sponsors
 
 ArduinoJson is thankful to its sponsors. Please give them a visit; they deserve it!
 
 <p>
-  <a href="https://techexplorations.com/" rel="sponsored">
-    <img alt="Tech Explorations" src="https://arduinojson.org/images/2021/10/techexplorations.png" width="200">
-  </a>
   <a href="https://www.programmingelectronics.com/" rel="sponsored">
     <img src="https://arduinojson.org/images/2021/10/programmingeleactronicsacademy.png" alt="Programming Electronics Academy" width="200">
   </a>

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-version: 6.19.4.{build}
+version: 6.20.1.{build}
 environment:
   matrix:
     - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022

examples/JsonFilterExample/JsonFilterExample.ino

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 // Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
-// This example shows how to use DeserializationOpion::Filter
+// This example shows how to use DeserializationOption::Filter
 //
 // https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/filter/
 

examples/ProgmemExample/ProgmemExample.ino

@@ -20,28 +20,27 @@ void setup() {
   // WARNING: the strings in the input will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
   deserializeJson(doc, F("{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,"
                          "\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}"));
-  JsonObject obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
 
-  // You can use a Flash String to get an element of a JsonObject
+  // You can use a Flash String as a key to get a member from JsonDocument
   // No duplication is done.
-  long time = obj[F("time")];
+  long time = doc[F("time")];
 
-  // You can use a Flash String to set an element of a JsonObject
+  // You can use a Flash String as a key to set a member of a JsonDocument
   // WARNING: the content of the Flash String will be duplicated in the
   // JsonDocument.
-  obj[F("time")] = time;
+  doc[F("time")] = time;
 
-  // You can set a Flash String to a JsonObject or JsonArray:
+  // You can set a Flash String as the content of a JsonVariant
   // WARNING: the content of the Flash String will be duplicated in the
   // JsonDocument.
-  obj["sensor"] = F("gps");
+  doc["sensor"] = F("gps");
 
   // It works with serialized() too:
-  obj["sensor"] = serialized(F("\"gps\""));
-  obj["sensor"] = serialized(F("\xA3gps"), 3);
+  doc["sensor"] = serialized(F("\"gps\""));
+  doc["sensor"] = serialized(F("\xA3gps"), 3);
 
   // You can compare the content of a JsonVariant to a Flash String
-  if (obj["sensor"] == F("gps")) {
+  if (doc["sensor"] == F("gps")) {
     // ...
   }
 }

examples/StringExample/StringExample.ino

@@ -20,42 +20,42 @@ void setup() {
   String input =
       "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
   deserializeJson(doc, input);
-  JsonObject obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
 
-  // You can use a String to get an element of a JsonObject
+  // You can use a String as a key to get a member from JsonDocument
   // No duplication is done.
-  long time = obj[String("time")];
+  long time = doc[String("time")];
 
-  // You can use a String to set an element of a JsonObject
+  // You can use a String as a key to set a member of a JsonDocument
   // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
-  obj[String("time")] = time;
+  doc[String("time")] = time;
 
-  // You can get a String from a JsonObject or JsonArray:
+  // You can get the content of a JsonVariant as a String
   // No duplication is done, at least not in the JsonDocument.
-  String sensor = obj["sensor"];
+  String sensor = doc["sensor"];
 
   // Unfortunately, the following doesn't work (issue #118):
-  // sensor = obj["sensor"]; // <-  error "ambiguous overload for 'operator='"
+  // sensor = doc["sensor"]; // <-  error "ambiguous overload for 'operator='"
   // As a workaround, you need to replace by:
-  sensor = obj["sensor"].as<String>();
+  sensor = doc["sensor"].as<String>();
 
-  // You can set a String to a JsonObject or JsonArray:
+  // You can set a String as the content of a JsonVariant
   // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
-  obj["sensor"] = sensor;
+  doc["sensor"] = sensor;
 
   // It works with serialized() too:
-  obj["sensor"] = serialized(sensor);
+  doc["sensor"] = serialized(sensor);
 
   // You can also concatenate strings
   // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
-  obj[String("sen") + "sor"] = String("gp") + "s";
+  doc[String("sen") + "sor"] = String("gp") + "s";
 
   // You can compare the content of a JsonObject with a String
-  if (obj["sensor"] == sensor) {
+  if (doc["sensor"] == sensor) {
     // ...
   }
 
   // Lastly, you can print the resulting JSON to a String
+  // WARNING: it doesn't replace the content but appends to it
   String output;
   serializeJson(doc, output);
 }

extras/fuzzing/json_fuzzer.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
-extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, data, size);
   if (!error) {

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_fuzzer.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
-extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(doc, data, size);
   if (!error) {

extras/scripts/build-arduino-package.sh

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ rm -f "$OUTPUT"
 	src \
 	keywords.txt \
 	library.properties \
-	LICENSE.md \
+	LICENSE.txt \
 	README.md \
 	ArduinoJson.h

extras/scripts/publish-particle-library.sh

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ trap 'rm -rf "$WORK_DIR"' EXIT
 cp "$SOURCE_DIR/README.md" "$WORK_DIR/README.md"
 cp "$SOURCE_DIR/CHANGELOG.md" "$WORK_DIR/CHANGELOG.md"
 cp "$SOURCE_DIR/library.properties" "$WORK_DIR/library.properties"
-cp "$SOURCE_DIR/LICENSE.md" "$WORK_DIR/LICENSE.txt"
+cp "$SOURCE_DIR/LICENSE.txt" "$WORK_DIR/LICENSE.txt"
 cp -r "$SOURCE_DIR/src" "$WORK_DIR/"
 cp -r "$SOURCE_DIR/examples" "$WORK_DIR/"
 

extras/scripts/publish.sh

@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ update_version_in_source () {
 	sed -i~ -bE "s/version: .*$/version: $VERSION.{build}/" appveyor.yml
 	rm appveyor.yml~
 
+	sed -i~ -bE "s/^version: .*$/version: \"$VERSION\"/" idf_component.yml
+	rm idf_component.yml~
+
 	sed -i~ -bE \
 		-e "s/ARDUINOJSON_VERSION .*$/ARDUINOJSON_VERSION \"$VERSION\"/" \
 		-e "s/ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR .*$/ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR $MAJOR/" \
@@ -48,7 +51,7 @@ update_version_in_source () {
 }
 
 commit_new_version () {
-	git add src/ArduinoJson/version.hpp README.md CHANGELOG.md library.json library.properties appveyor.yml CMakeLists.txt
+	git add src/ArduinoJson/version.hpp README.md CHANGELOG.md library.json library.properties appveyor.yml CMakeLists.txt idf_component.yml
 	git commit -m "Set version to $VERSION"
 }
 

extras/tests/Cpp11/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ if("cxx_long_long_type" IN_LIST CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES)
 	list(APPEND SOURCES use_long_long_0.cpp use_long_long_1.cpp)
 endif()
 
+if("cxx_range_for" IN_LIST CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES AND "cxx_generalized_initializers" IN_LIST CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES)
+	list(APPEND SOURCES stl_containers.cpp)
+endif()
+
 if(NOT SOURCES)
 	return()
 endif()
@@ -28,5 +32,5 @@ add_test(Cpp11 Cpp11Tests)
 
 set_tests_properties(Cpp11
 	PROPERTIES
-		LABELS 		"Catch"
+		LABELS "Catch"
 )

extras/tests/Cpp11/stl_containers.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
+template <typename T>
+struct Converter<std::vector<T> > {
+  static void toJson(const std::vector<T>& src, JsonVariant dst) {
+    JsonArray array = dst.to<JsonArray>();
+    for (T item : src)
+      array.add(item);
+  }
+
+  static std::vector<T> fromJson(JsonVariantConst src) {
+    std::vector<T> dst;
+    for (T item : src.as<JsonArrayConst>())
+      dst.push_back(item);
+    return dst;
+  }
+
+  static bool checkJson(JsonVariantConst src) {
+    JsonArrayConst array = src;
+    bool result = array;
+    for (JsonVariantConst item : array)
+      result &= item.is<T>();
+    return result;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T, size_t N>
+struct Converter<std::array<T, N> > {
+  static void toJson(const std::array<T, N>& src, JsonVariant dst) {
+    JsonArray array = dst.to<JsonArray>();
+    for (T item : src)
+      array.add(item);
+  }
+
+  static std::array<T, N> fromJson(JsonVariantConst src) {
+    std::array<T, N> dst;
+    dst.fill(0);
+    size_t idx = 0;
+    for (T item : src.as<JsonArrayConst>())
+      dst[idx++] = item;
+    return dst;
+  }
+
+  static bool checkJson(JsonVariantConst src) {
+    JsonArrayConst array = src;
+    bool result = array;
+    size_t size = 0;
+    for (JsonVariantConst item : array) {
+      result &= item.is<T>();
+      size++;
+    }
+    return result && size == N;
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE
+
+TEST_CASE("vector<int>") {
+  SECTION("toJson") {
+    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2};
+
+    StaticJsonDocument<128> doc;
+    doc.set(v);
+    REQUIRE(doc.as<std::string>() == "[1,2]");
+  }
+
+  SECTION("fromJson") {
+    StaticJsonDocument<128> doc;
+    doc.add(1);
+    doc.add(2);
+
+    auto v = doc.as<std::vector<int> >();
+    REQUIRE(v.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(v[0] == 1);
+    CHECK(v[1] == 2);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("checkJson") {
+    StaticJsonDocument<128> doc;
+    CHECK(doc.is<std::vector<int> >() == false);
+
+    doc.add(1);
+    doc.add(2);
+    CHECK(doc.is<std::vector<int> >() == true);
+
+    doc.add("foo");
+    CHECK(doc.is<std::vector<int> >() == false);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("array<int, 2>") {
+  typedef std::array<int, 2> array_type;
+
+  SECTION("toJson") {
+    array_type v;
+    v[0] = 1;
+    v[1] = 2;
+
+    StaticJsonDocument<128> doc;
+    doc.set(v);
+    REQUIRE(doc.as<std::string>() == "[1,2]");
+  }
+
+  SECTION("fromJson") {
+    StaticJsonDocument<128> doc;
+    doc.add(1);
+    doc.add(2);
+
+    auto v = doc.as<array_type>();
+    REQUIRE(v.size() == 2);
+    CHECK(v[0] == 1);
+    CHECK(v[1] == 2);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("checkJson") {
+    StaticJsonDocument<128> doc;
+    CHECK(doc.is<array_type>() == false);
+
+    doc.add(1);
+    CHECK(doc.is<array_type>() == false);
+
+    doc.add(2);
+    CHECK(doc.is<array_type>() == true);
+
+    doc[0] = "foo";
+    CHECK(doc.is<array_type>() == false);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/Helpers/Arduino.h

@@ -7,6 +7,5 @@
 #include "api/Print.h"
 #include "api/Stream.h"
 #include "api/String.h"
-#include "progmem_emulation.hpp"
 
 #define ARDUINO_H_INCLUDED 1

extras/tests/Helpers/api/String.h

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class String {
   size_t _maxCapacity;
 };
 
-class StringSumHelper;
+class StringSumHelper : public ::String {};
 
 inline bool operator==(const std::string& lhs, const ::String& rhs) {
   return lhs == rhs.c_str();

extras/tests/JsonArray/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 # Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
 # MIT License
 
-add_executable(JsonArrayTests 
+add_executable(JsonArrayTests
 	add.cpp
 	clear.cpp
+	compare.cpp
 	copyArray.cpp
 	createNested.cpp
 	equals.cpp
-	get.cpp
 	isNull.cpp
 	iterator.cpp
 	memoryUsage.cpp

extras/tests/JsonArray/compare.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonArray with JsonArray") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with unbound") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+    JsonArray unbound;
+
+    CHECK(array != unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array == unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array <= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array >= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < unbound);
+
+    CHECK(unbound != array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound == array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound <= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound >= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound > array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound < array);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+
+    CHECK(array == array);
+    CHECK(array <= array);
+    CHECK(array >= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array != array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < array);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical array") {
+    JsonArray array1 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array1.add(1);
+    array1.add("hello");
+    array1.createNestedObject();
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+
+    CHECK(array1 == array2);
+    CHECK(array1 <= array2);
+    CHECK(array1 >= array2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 != array2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 > array2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 < array2);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different array") {
+    JsonArray array1 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array1.add(1);
+    array1.add("hello1");
+    array1.createNestedObject();
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello2");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+
+    CHECK(array1 != array2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 == array2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 > array2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 < array2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 <= array2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 >= array2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonArray with JsonVariant") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+
+    JsonVariant variant = array;
+
+    CHECK(array == variant);
+    CHECK(array <= variant);
+    CHECK(array >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == array);
+    CHECK(variant <= array);
+    CHECK(variant >= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < array);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical array") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+    array.createNestedObject();
+
+    JsonVariant variant = doc.createNestedArray();
+    variant.add(1);
+    variant.add("hello");
+    variant.createNestedObject();
+
+    CHECK(array == variant);
+    CHECK(array <= variant);
+    CHECK(array >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == array);
+    CHECK(variant <= array);
+    CHECK(variant >= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < array);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different array") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello1");
+    array.createNestedObject();
+
+    JsonVariant variant = doc.createNestedArray();
+    variant.add(1);
+    variant.add("hello2");
+    variant.createNestedObject();
+
+    CHECK(array != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array == variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array <= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array >= variant);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonArray with JsonVariantConst") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with unbound") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+    JsonVariantConst unbound;
+
+    CHECK(array != unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array == unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array <= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array >= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < unbound);
+
+    CHECK(unbound != array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound == array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound <= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound >= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound > array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound < array);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+
+    JsonVariantConst variant = array;
+
+    CHECK(array == variant);
+    CHECK(array <= variant);
+    CHECK(array >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == array);
+    CHECK(variant <= array);
+    CHECK(variant >= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < array);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical array") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+    array.createNestedObject();
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+    JsonVariantConst variant = array2;
+
+    CHECK(array == variant);
+    CHECK(array <= variant);
+    CHECK(array >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == array);
+    CHECK(variant <= array);
+    CHECK(variant >= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < array);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different array") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello1");
+    array.createNestedObject();
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello2");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+    JsonVariantConst variant = array2;
+
+    CHECK(array != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array == variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array <= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array >= variant);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonArray with JsonArrayConst") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with unbound") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+    JsonArrayConst unbound;
+
+    CHECK(array != unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array == unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array <= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array >= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < unbound);
+
+    CHECK(unbound != array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound == array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound <= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound >= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound > array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound < array);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+    JsonArrayConst carray = array;
+
+    CHECK(array == carray);
+    CHECK(array <= carray);
+    CHECK(array >= carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array != carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array > carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array < carray);
+
+    CHECK(carray == array);
+    CHECK(carray <= array);
+    CHECK(carray >= array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray != array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray > array);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray < array);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical array") {
+    JsonArray array1 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array1.add(1);
+    array1.add("hello");
+    array1.createNestedObject();
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+    JsonArrayConst carray2 = array2;
+
+    CHECK(array1 == carray2);
+    CHECK(array1 <= carray2);
+    CHECK(array1 >= carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 != carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 > carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 < carray2);
+
+    CHECK(carray2 == array1);
+    CHECK(carray2 <= array1);
+    CHECK(carray2 >= array1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 != array1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 > array1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 < array1);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different array") {
+    JsonArray array1 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array1.add(1);
+    array1.add("hello1");
+    array1.createNestedObject();
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello2");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+    JsonArrayConst carray2 = array2;
+
+    CHECK(array1 != carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 == carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 > carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 < carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 <= carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(array1 >= carray2);
+
+    CHECK(carray2 != array1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 == array1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 > array1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 < array1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 <= array1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 >= array1);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonArrayConst with JsonArrayConst") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with unbound") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+
+    JsonArrayConst carray = array;
+    JsonArrayConst unbound;
+
+    CHECK(carray != unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray == unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray <= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray >= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray > unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray < unbound);
+
+    CHECK(unbound != carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound == carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound <= carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound >= carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound > carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound < carray);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+    JsonArrayConst carray = array;
+
+    CHECK(carray == carray);
+    CHECK(carray <= carray);
+    CHECK(carray >= carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray != carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray > carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray < carray);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical array") {
+    JsonArray array1 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array1.add(1);
+    array1.add("hello");
+    array1.createNestedObject();
+    JsonArrayConst carray1 = array1;
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+    JsonArrayConst carray2 = array2;
+
+    CHECK(carray1 == carray2);
+    CHECK(carray1 <= carray2);
+    CHECK(carray1 >= carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 != carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 > carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 < carray2);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different array") {
+    JsonArray array1 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array1.add(1);
+    array1.add("hello1");
+    array1.createNestedObject();
+    JsonArrayConst carray1 = array1;
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello2");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+    JsonArrayConst carray2 = array2;
+
+    CHECK(carray1 != carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 == carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 > carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 < carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 <= carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 >= carray2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonArrayConst with JsonVariant") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonArray array = doc.to<JsonArray>();
+    array.add(1);
+    array.add("hello");
+    JsonArrayConst carray = array;
+    JsonVariant variant = array;
+
+    CHECK(carray == variant);
+    CHECK(carray <= variant);
+    CHECK(carray >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == carray);
+    CHECK(variant <= carray);
+    CHECK(variant >= carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > carray);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < carray);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical array") {
+    JsonArray array1 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array1.add(1);
+    array1.add("hello");
+    array1.createNestedObject();
+    JsonArrayConst carray1 = array1;
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+    JsonVariant variant2 = array2;
+
+    CHECK(carray1 == variant2);
+    CHECK(carray1 <= variant2);
+    CHECK(carray1 >= variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 != variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 > variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 < variant2);
+
+    CHECK(variant2 == carray1);
+    CHECK(variant2 <= carray1);
+    CHECK(variant2 >= carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 != carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 > carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 < carray1);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different array") {
+    JsonArray array1 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array1.add(1);
+    array1.add("hello1");
+    array1.createNestedObject();
+    JsonArrayConst carray1 = array1;
+
+    JsonArray array2 = doc.createNestedArray();
+    array2.add(1);
+    array2.add("hello2");
+    array2.createNestedObject();
+    JsonVariant variant2 = array2;
+
+    CHECK(carray1 != variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 == variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 > variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 < variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 <= variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 >= variant2);
+
+    CHECK(variant2 != carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 == carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 > carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 < carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 <= carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 >= carray1);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/JsonArray/copyArray.cpp

@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ TEST_CASE("copyArray()") {
     char json[32] = "";
     int source[][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}};
 
-    CAPTURE(SIZE)
+    CAPTURE(SIZE);
 
     bool ok = copyArray(source, array);
     CAPTURE(doc.memoryUsage());

extras/tests/JsonArray/get.cpp

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
-// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
-// MIT License
-
-#include <ArduinoJson.h>
-#include <catch.hpp>
-
-TEST_CASE("JsonArray::get()") {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  deserializeJson(doc, "[1,2,3]");
-  JsonArray array = doc.as<JsonArray>();
-
-  SECTION("Overflow") {
-    REQUIRE(array.getElement(3).isNull());
-  }
-}

extras/tests/JsonArray/std_string.cpp

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
-static void eraseString(std::string &str) {
-  char *p = const_cast<char *>(str.c_str());
-  while (*p) *p++ = '*';
+static void eraseString(std::string& str) {
+  char* p = const_cast<char*>(str.c_str());
+  while (*p)
+    *p++ = '*';
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("std::string") {

extras/tests/JsonDeserializer/filter.cpp

@@ -71,6 +71,15 @@ TEST_CASE("Filtering") {
       "{\"example\":null}",
       JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1) + 8
     },
+    {
+      // Member is a number, but filter wants an array
+      "{\"example\":42}",
+      "{\"example\":[true]}",
+      10,
+      DeserializationError::Ok,
+      "{\"example\":null}",
+      JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1) + 8
+    },
     {
       // Input is an array, but filter wants an object
       "[\"hello\",\"world\"]",
@@ -117,7 +126,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Filtering") {
       JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1) + 8
     },
     {
-      // can skip a boolean
+      // skip false
       "{\"a_bool\":false,example:42}",
       "{\"example\":true}",
       10,
@@ -125,6 +134,24 @@ TEST_CASE("Filtering") {
       "{\"example\":42}",
       JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1) + 8
     },
+    {
+      // skip true
+      "{\"a_bool\":true,example:42}",
+      "{\"example\":true}",
+      10,
+      DeserializationError::Ok,
+      "{\"example\":42}",
+      JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1) + 8
+    },
+    {
+      // skip null
+      "{\"a_bool\":null,example:42}",
+      "{\"example\":true}",
+      10,
+      DeserializationError::Ok,
+      "{\"example\":42}",
+      JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(1) + 8
+    },
     {
       // can skip a double-quoted string
       "{\"a_double_quoted_string\":\"hello\",example:42}",
@@ -618,7 +645,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Filtering") {
       0
     },
     {
-      // incomplete after after key of a skipped object
+      // incomplete comment after key of a skipped object
       "{\"example\"/*:2}",
       "false",
       10,
@@ -636,7 +663,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Filtering") {
       0
     },
     {
-      // incomplete after after value of a skipped object
+      // incomplete comment after value of a skipped object
       "{\"example\":2/*}",
       "false",
       10,
@@ -644,6 +671,15 @@ TEST_CASE("Filtering") {
       "null",
       0
     },
+     {
+      // incomplete comment after comma in skipped object
+      "{\"example\":2,/*}",
+      "false",
+      10,
+      DeserializationError::IncompleteInput,
+      "null",
+      0
+    },
   };  // clang-format on
 
   for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(testCases) / sizeof(testCases[0]); i++) {

extras/tests/JsonDeserializer/invalid_input.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 TEST_CASE("Invalid JSON input") {
   const char* testCases[] = {"'\\u'",     "'\\u000g'", "'\\u000'", "'\\u000G'",
                              "'\\u000/'", "\\x1234",   "6a9",      "1,",
-                             "2]",        "3}"};
+                             "nulL",      "tru3",      "fals3",    "2]",
+                             "3}"};
   const size_t testCount = sizeof(testCases) / sizeof(testCases[0]);
 
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
@@ -23,9 +24,6 @@ TEST_CASE("Invalid JSON input") {
 
 TEST_CASE("Invalid JSON input that should pass") {
   const char* testCases[] = {
-      "nulL",
-      "tru3",
-      "fals3",
       "'\\ud83d'",         // leading surrogate without a trailing surrogate
       "'\\udda4'",         // trailing surrogate without a leading surrogate
       "'\\ud83d\\ud83d'",  // two leading surrogates

extras/tests/JsonDeserializer/object.cpp

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ TEST_CASE("deserialize JSON object") {
       REQUIRE(obj["key"] == "value");
     }
 
-    SECTION("Before the colon") {
+    SECTION("Before the comma") {
       DeserializationError err =
           deserializeJson(doc, "{\"key1\":\"value1\" ,\"key2\":\"value2\"}");
       JsonObject obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
@@ -112,9 +112,9 @@ TEST_CASE("deserialize JSON object") {
       REQUIRE(obj["key2"] == "value2");
     }
 
-    SECTION("After the colon") {
+    SECTION("After the comma") {
       DeserializationError err =
-          deserializeJson(doc, "{\"key1\":\"value1\" ,\"key2\":\"value2\"}");
+          deserializeJson(doc, "{\"key1\":\"value1\", \"key2\":\"value2\"}");
       JsonObject obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
 
       REQUIRE(err == DeserializationError::Ok);

extras/tests/JsonDocument/ElementProxy.cpp

@@ -5,12 +5,12 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
-using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
+typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::ElementProxy<JsonDocument&> ElementProxy;
 
 TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::add()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  doc.addElement();
-  ElementProxy<JsonDocument &> ep = doc[0];
+  doc.add();
+  ElementProxy ep = doc[0];
 
   SECTION("add(int)") {
     ep.add(42);
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::add()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::clear()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  doc.addElement();
-  ElementProxy<JsonDocument &> ep = doc[0];
+  doc.add();
+  ElementProxy ep = doc[0];
 
   SECTION("size goes back to zero") {
     ep.add(42);
@@ -95,8 +95,8 @@ TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::operator==()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::remove()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  doc.addElement();
-  ElementProxy<JsonDocument &> ep = doc[0];
+  doc.add();
+  ElementProxy ep = doc[0];
 
   SECTION("remove(int)") {
     ep.add(1);
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::remove()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::set()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  ElementProxy<JsonDocument &> ep = doc[0];
+  ElementProxy ep = doc[0];
 
   SECTION("set(int)") {
     ep.set(42);
@@ -168,8 +168,8 @@ TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::set()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::size()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  doc.addElement();
-  ElementProxy<JsonDocument &> ep = doc[0];
+  doc.add();
+  ElementProxy ep = doc[0];
 
   SECTION("returns 0") {
     REQUIRE(ep.size() == 0);
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::size()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::memoryUsage()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  doc.addElement();
-  ElementProxy<JsonDocument &> ep = doc[0];
+  doc.add();
+  ElementProxy ep = doc[0];
 
   SECTION("returns 0 for null") {
     REQUIRE(ep.memoryUsage() == 0);
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::memoryUsage()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::operator[]") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  ElementProxy<JsonDocument &> ep = doc[1];
+  ElementProxy ep = doc[1];
 
   SECTION("set member") {
     ep["world"] = 42;
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ TEST_CASE("ElementProxy cast to JsonVariantConst") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   doc[0] = "world";
 
-  const ElementProxy<JsonDocument &> ep = doc[0];
+  const ElementProxy ep = doc[0];
 
   JsonVariantConst var = ep;
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ TEST_CASE("ElementProxy cast to JsonVariant") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   doc[0] = "world";
 
-  ElementProxy<JsonDocument &> ep = doc[0];
+  ElementProxy ep = doc[0];
 
   JsonVariant var = ep;
 
@@ -245,3 +245,11 @@ TEST_CASE("ElementProxy cast to JsonVariant") {
 
   CHECK(doc.as<std::string>() == "[\"toto\"]");
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("ElementProxy::shallowCopy()") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<1024> doc1, doc2;
+  doc2["hello"] = "world";
+  doc1[0].shallowCopy(doc2);
+
+  CHECK(doc1.as<std::string>() == "[{\"hello\":\"world\"}]");
+}

extras/tests/JsonDocument/MemberProxy.cpp

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
-using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
+typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::MemberProxy<JsonDocument&, const char*>
+    MemberProxy;
 
 TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::add()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   SECTION("add(int)") {
     mp.add(42);
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::add()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::clear()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   SECTION("size goes back to zero") {
     mp.add(42);
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::operator==()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::containsKey()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   SECTION("containsKey(const char*)") {
     mp["key"] = "value";
@@ -115,9 +116,9 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::operator|()") {
   SECTION("Issue #1411") {
     doc["sensor"] = "gps";
 
-    const char *test = "test";  // <- the literal must be captured in a variable
+    const char* test = "test";  // <- the literal must be captured in a variable
                                 // to trigger the bug
-    const char *sensor = doc["sensor"] | test;  // "gps"
+    const char* sensor = doc["sensor"] | test;  // "gps"
 
     REQUIRE(sensor == std::string("gps"));
   }
@@ -136,7 +137,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::operator|()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::remove()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   SECTION("remove(int)") {
     mp.add(1);
@@ -183,7 +184,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::remove()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::set()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   SECTION("set(int)") {
     mp.set(42);
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::set()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::size()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   SECTION("returns 0") {
     REQUIRE(mp.size() == 0);
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::size()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::memoryUsage()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   SECTION("returns 0 when null") {
     REQUIRE(mp.memoryUsage() == 0);
@@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::memoryUsage()") {
 
 TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::operator[]") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
-  MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   SECTION("set member") {
     mp["world"] = 42;
@@ -264,7 +265,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy cast to JsonVariantConst") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   doc["hello"] = "world";
 
-  const MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  const MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   JsonVariantConst var = mp;
 
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy cast to JsonVariant") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   doc["hello"] = "world";
 
-  MemberProxy<JsonDocument &, const char *> mp = doc["hello"];
+  MemberProxy mp = doc["hello"];
 
   JsonVariant var = mp;
 
@@ -285,3 +286,43 @@ TEST_CASE("MemberProxy cast to JsonVariant") {
 
   CHECK(doc.as<std::string>() == "{\"hello\":\"toto\"}");
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::createNestedArray()") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<1024> doc;
+  JsonArray arr = doc["items"].createNestedArray();
+  arr.add(42);
+
+  CHECK(doc["items"][0][0] == 42);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::createNestedArray(key)") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<1024> doc;
+  JsonArray arr = doc["weather"].createNestedArray("temp");
+  arr.add(42);
+
+  CHECK(doc["weather"]["temp"][0] == 42);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::createNestedObject()") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<1024> doc;
+  JsonObject obj = doc["items"].createNestedObject();
+  obj["value"] = 42;
+
+  CHECK(doc["items"][0]["value"] == 42);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::createNestedObject(key)") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<1024> doc;
+  JsonObject obj = doc["status"].createNestedObject("weather");
+  obj["temp"] = 42;
+
+  CHECK(doc["status"]["weather"]["temp"] == 42);
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("MemberProxy::shallowCopy()") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<1024> doc1, doc2;
+  doc2["hello"] = "world";
+  doc1["obj"].shallowCopy(doc2);
+
+  CHECK(doc1.as<std::string>() == "{\"obj\":{\"hello\":\"world\"}}");
+}

extras/tests/JsonObject/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 # Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
 # MIT License
 
-add_executable(JsonObjectTests 
+add_executable(JsonObjectTests
 	clear.cpp
+	compare.cpp
 	containsKey.cpp
 	copy.cpp
 	createNestedArray.cpp

extras/tests/JsonObject/compare.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,512 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonObject with JsonObject") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<512> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with unbound") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+    JsonObject unbound;
+
+    CHECK(object != unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object == unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object <= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object >= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < unbound);
+
+    CHECK(unbound != object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound == object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound <= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound >= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound > object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound < object);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+
+    CHECK(object == object);
+    CHECK(object <= object);
+    CHECK(object >= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object != object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < object);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical object") {
+    JsonObject object1 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object1["a"] = 1;
+    object1["b"] = "hello";
+    object1["c"][0] = false;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+
+    CHECK(object1 == object2);
+    CHECK(object1 <= object2);
+    CHECK(object1 >= object2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 != object2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 > object2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 < object2);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different object") {
+    JsonObject object1 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object1["a"] = 1;
+    object1["b"] = "hello1";
+    object1["c"][0] = false;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello2";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+
+    CHECK(object1 != object2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 == object2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 > object2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 < object2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 <= object2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 >= object2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonObject with JsonVariant") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<512> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+
+    JsonVariant variant = object;
+
+    CHECK(object == variant);
+    CHECK(object <= variant);
+    CHECK(object >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == object);
+    CHECK(variant <= object);
+    CHECK(variant >= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < object);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical object") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+    object["c"][0] = false;
+
+    JsonVariant variant = doc.createNestedObject();
+    variant["a"] = 1;
+    variant["b"] = "hello";
+    variant["c"][0] = false;
+
+    CHECK(object == variant);
+    CHECK(object <= variant);
+    CHECK(object >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == object);
+    CHECK(variant <= object);
+    CHECK(variant >= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < object);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different object") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello1";
+    object["c"][0] = false;
+
+    JsonVariant variant = doc.createNestedObject();
+    variant["a"] = 1;
+    variant["b"] = "hello2";
+    variant["c"][0] = false;
+
+    CHECK(object != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object == variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object <= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object >= variant);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonObject with JsonVariantConst") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<512> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with unbound") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+    JsonVariantConst unbound;
+
+    CHECK(object != unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object == unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object <= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object >= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < unbound);
+
+    CHECK(unbound != object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound == object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound <= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound >= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound > object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound < object);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+
+    JsonVariantConst variant = object;
+
+    CHECK(object == variant);
+    CHECK(object <= variant);
+    CHECK(object >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == object);
+    CHECK(variant <= object);
+    CHECK(variant >= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < object);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical object") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+    object["c"][0] = false;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonVariantConst variant = object2;
+
+    CHECK(object == variant);
+    CHECK(object <= variant);
+    CHECK(object >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == object);
+    CHECK(variant <= object);
+    CHECK(variant >= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < object);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different object") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello1";
+    object["c"][0] = false;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello2";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonVariantConst variant = object2;
+
+    CHECK(object != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object == variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object <= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object >= variant);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonObject with JsonObjectConst") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<512> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with unbound") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+    JsonObjectConst unbound;
+
+    CHECK(object != unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object == unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object <= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object >= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < unbound);
+
+    CHECK(unbound != object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound == object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound <= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound >= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound > object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound < object);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+    JsonObjectConst cobject = object;
+
+    CHECK(object == cobject);
+    CHECK(object <= cobject);
+    CHECK(object >= cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object != cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object > cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object < cobject);
+
+    CHECK(cobject == object);
+    CHECK(cobject <= object);
+    CHECK(cobject >= object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject != object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject > object);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject < object);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical object") {
+    JsonObject object1 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object1["a"] = 1;
+    object1["b"] = "hello";
+    object1["c"][0] = false;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonObjectConst carray2 = object2;
+
+    CHECK(object1 == carray2);
+    CHECK(object1 <= carray2);
+    CHECK(object1 >= carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 != carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 > carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 < carray2);
+
+    CHECK(carray2 == object1);
+    CHECK(carray2 <= object1);
+    CHECK(carray2 >= object1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 != object1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 > object1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 < object1);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different object") {
+    JsonObject object1 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object1["a"] = 1;
+    object1["b"] = "hello1";
+    object1["c"][0] = false;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello2";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonObjectConst carray2 = object2;
+
+    CHECK(object1 != carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 == carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 > carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 < carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 <= carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(object1 >= carray2);
+
+    CHECK(carray2 != object1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 == object1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 > object1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 < object1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 <= object1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray2 >= object1);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonObjectConst with JsonObjectConst") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<512> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with unbound") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+
+    JsonObjectConst cobject = object;
+    JsonObjectConst unbound;
+
+    CHECK(cobject != unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject == unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject <= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject >= unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject > unbound);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject < unbound);
+
+    CHECK(unbound != cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound == cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound <= cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound >= cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound > cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(unbound < cobject);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+    JsonObjectConst cobject = object;
+
+    CHECK(cobject == cobject);
+    CHECK(cobject <= cobject);
+    CHECK(cobject >= cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject != cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject > cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject < cobject);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical object") {
+    JsonObject object1 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object1["a"] = 1;
+    object1["b"] = "hello";
+    object1["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonObjectConst carray1 = object1;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonObjectConst carray2 = object2;
+
+    CHECK(carray1 == carray2);
+    CHECK(carray1 <= carray2);
+    CHECK(carray1 >= carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 != carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 > carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 < carray2);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different object") {
+    JsonObject object1 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object1["a"] = 1;
+    object1["b"] = "hello1";
+    object1["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonObjectConst carray1 = object1;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello2";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonObjectConst carray2 = object2;
+
+    CHECK(carray1 != carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 == carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 > carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 < carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 <= carray2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 >= carray2);
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("Compare JsonObjectConst with JsonVariant") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<512> doc;
+
+  SECTION("Compare with self") {
+    JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
+    object["a"] = 1;
+    object["b"] = "hello";
+    JsonObjectConst cobject = object;
+    JsonVariant variant = object;
+
+    CHECK(cobject == variant);
+    CHECK(cobject <= variant);
+    CHECK(cobject >= variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject != variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject > variant);
+    CHECK_FALSE(cobject < variant);
+
+    CHECK(variant == cobject);
+    CHECK(variant <= cobject);
+    CHECK(variant >= cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant != cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant > cobject);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant < cobject);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with identical object") {
+    JsonObject object1 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object1["a"] = 1;
+    object1["b"] = "hello";
+    object1["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonObjectConst carray1 = object1;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonVariant variant2 = object2;
+
+    CHECK(carray1 == variant2);
+    CHECK(carray1 <= variant2);
+    CHECK(carray1 >= variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 != variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 > variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 < variant2);
+
+    CHECK(variant2 == carray1);
+    CHECK(variant2 <= carray1);
+    CHECK(variant2 >= carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 != carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 > carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 < carray1);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("Compare with different object") {
+    JsonObject object1 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object1["a"] = 1;
+    object1["b"] = "hello1";
+    object1["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonObjectConst carray1 = object1;
+
+    JsonObject object2 = doc.createNestedObject();
+    object2["a"] = 1;
+    object2["b"] = "hello2";
+    object2["c"][0] = false;
+    JsonVariant variant2 = object2;
+
+    CHECK(carray1 != variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 == variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 > variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 < variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 <= variant2);
+    CHECK_FALSE(carray1 >= variant2);
+
+    CHECK(variant2 != carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 == carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 > carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 < carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 <= carray1);
+    CHECK_FALSE(variant2 >= carray1);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/JsonObject/std_string.cpp

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <catch.hpp>
 
-static void eraseString(std::string &str) {
-  char *p = const_cast<char *>(str.c_str());
-  while (*p) *p++ = '*';
+static void eraseString(std::string& str) {
+  char* p = const_cast<char*>(str.c_str());
+  while (*p)
+    *p++ = '*';
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("std::string") {

extras/tests/JsonSerializer/CustomWriter.cpp

@@ -14,18 +14,18 @@ class CustomWriter {
     return 1;
   }
 
-  size_t write(const uint8_t *s, size_t n) {
-    _str.append(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(s), n);
+  size_t write(const uint8_t* s, size_t n) {
+    _str.append(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s), n);
     return n;
   }
 
-  const std::string &str() const {
+  const std::string& str() const {
     return _str;
   }
 
  private:
-  CustomWriter(const CustomWriter &);  // non-copiable
-  CustomWriter &operator=(const CustomWriter &);
+  CustomWriter(const CustomWriter&);  // non-copiable
+  CustomWriter& operator=(const CustomWriter&);
 
   std::string _str;
 };

extras/tests/JsonSerializer/JsonArray.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ TEST_CASE("serializeJson(JsonArray)") {
   }
 
   SECTION("Null") {
-    array.add(static_cast<char *>(0));
+    array.add(static_cast<char*>(0));
 
     check(array, "[null]");
   }

extras/tests/JsonSerializer/JsonObject.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <catch.hpp>
 #include <string>
 
-static void checkObject(const JsonObject obj, const std::string &expected) {
+static void checkObject(const JsonObject obj, const std::string& expected) {
   char actual[256];
   memset(actual, '!', sizeof(actual));
 
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ TEST_CASE("serializeJson(JsonObject)") {
   }
 
   SECTION("TwoNull") {
-    obj["a"] = static_cast<char *>(0);
-    obj["b"] = static_cast<char *>(0);
+    obj["a"] = static_cast<char*>(0);
+    obj["b"] = static_cast<char*>(0);
     checkObject(obj, "{\"a\":null,\"b\":null}");
   }
 

extras/tests/JsonSerializer/JsonVariant.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 
 template <typename T>
-void check(T value, const std::string &expected) {
+void check(T value, const std::string& expected) {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   doc.to<JsonVariant>().set(value);
   char buffer[256] = "";
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ TEST_CASE("serializeJson(JsonVariant)") {
   }
 
   SECTION("Null string") {
-    check(static_cast<char *>(0), "null");
+    check(static_cast<char*>(0), "null");
   }
 
   SECTION("const char*") {

extras/tests/JsonVariant/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ add_executable(JsonVariantTests
 	clear.cpp
 	compare.cpp
 	containsKey.cpp
-	copy.cpp
 	converters.cpp
+	copy.cpp
 	createNested.cpp
 	is.cpp
 	isnull.cpp
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ add_executable(JsonVariantTests
 	overflow.cpp
 	remove.cpp
 	set.cpp
+	shallowCopy.cpp
+	size.cpp
 	subscript.cpp
 	types.cpp
 	unbound.cpp

extras/tests/JsonVariant/compare.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 TEST_CASE("Compare JsonVariant with value") {
   StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
-  JsonVariant a = doc.addElement();
+  JsonVariant a = doc.add();
 
   SECTION("null vs (char*)0") {
     char* b = 0;
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ TEST_CASE("Compare JsonVariant with value") {
 
 TEST_CASE("Compare JsonVariant with JsonVariant") {
   StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
-  JsonVariant a = doc.addElement();
-  JsonVariant b = doc.addElement();
+  JsonVariant a = doc.add();
+  JsonVariant b = doc.add();
 
   SECTION("'abc' vs 'abc'") {
     a.set("abc");

extras/tests/JsonVariant/containsKey.cpp

@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::containsKey()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   JsonVariant var = doc.to<JsonVariant>();
 
-  SECTION("containsKey(const char*) returns true") {
+  SECTION("containsKey(const char*)") {
     var["hello"] = "world";
 
     REQUIRE(var.containsKey("hello") == true);
     REQUIRE(var.containsKey("world") == false);
   }
 
-  SECTION("containsKey(std::string) returns true") {
+  SECTION("containsKey(std::string)") {
     var["hello"] = "world";
 
     REQUIRE(var.containsKey(std::string("hello")) == true);

extras/tests/JsonVariant/converters.cpp

@@ -91,16 +91,16 @@ class Complex {
 namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 template <>
 struct Converter<Complex> {
-  static void toJson(const Complex& src, VariantRef dst) {
+  static void toJson(const Complex& src, JsonVariant dst) {
     dst["real"] = src.real();
     dst["imag"] = src.imag();
   }
 
-  static Complex fromJson(VariantConstRef src) {
+  static Complex fromJson(JsonVariantConst src) {
     return Complex(src["real"], src["imag"]);
   }
 
-  static bool checkJson(VariantConstRef src) {
+  static bool checkJson(JsonVariantConst src) {
     return src["real"].is<double>() && src["imag"].is<double>();
   }
 };
@@ -140,3 +140,15 @@ TEST_CASE("Custom converter with specialization") {
     REQUIRE(doc["value"]["imag"] == 3);
   }
 }
+
+TEST_CASE("ConverterNeedsWriteableRef") {
+  using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
+  CHECK(ConverterNeedsWriteableRef<int>::value == false);
+  CHECK(ConverterNeedsWriteableRef<float>::value == false);
+  CHECK(ConverterNeedsWriteableRef<JsonVariant>::value == true);
+  CHECK(ConverterNeedsWriteableRef<JsonVariantConst>::value == false);
+  CHECK(ConverterNeedsWriteableRef<JsonObject>::value == true);
+  CHECK(ConverterNeedsWriteableRef<JsonObjectConst>::value == false);
+  CHECK(ConverterNeedsWriteableRef<JsonArray>::value == true);
+  CHECK(ConverterNeedsWriteableRef<JsonArrayConst>::value == false);
+}

extras/tests/JsonVariant/createNested.cpp

@@ -18,13 +18,6 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::createNestedObject()") {
     REQUIRE(variant[0]["value"] == 42);
     REQUIRE(obj.isNull() == false);
   }
-
-  SECTION("works on MemberProxy") {
-    JsonObject obj = variant["items"].createNestedObject();
-    obj["value"] = 42;
-
-    REQUIRE(variant["items"][0]["value"] == 42);
-  }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::createNestedArray()") {
@@ -37,13 +30,6 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::createNestedArray()") {
     REQUIRE(variant.is<JsonArray>() == true);
     REQUIRE(arr.isNull() == false);
   }
-
-  SECTION("works on MemberProxy") {
-    JsonArray arr = variant["items"].createNestedArray();
-    arr.add(42);
-
-    REQUIRE(variant["items"][0][0] == 42);
-  }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::createNestedObject(key)") {
@@ -57,13 +43,6 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::createNestedObject(key)") {
     REQUIRE(variant.is<JsonObject>() == true);
     REQUIRE(variant["weather"]["temp"] == 42);
   }
-
-  SECTION("works on MemberProxy") {
-    JsonObject obj = variant["status"].createNestedObject("weather");
-    obj["temp"] = 42;
-
-    REQUIRE(variant["status"]["weather"]["temp"] == 42);
-  }
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::createNestedArray(key)") {
@@ -76,11 +55,4 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::createNestedArray(key)") {
     REQUIRE(variant.is<JsonObject>() == true);
     REQUIRE(arr.isNull() == false);
   }
-
-  SECTION("works on MemberProxy") {
-    JsonArray arr = variant["weather"].createNestedArray("temp");
-    arr.add(42);
-
-    REQUIRE(variant["weather"]["temp"][0] == 42);
-  }
 }

extras/tests/JsonVariant/is.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonVariant>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonVariantConst>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<bool>() == false);
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonObject>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<bool>() == false);
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonVariantConst>() == true);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonObject>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonVariantConst>() == true);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonObject>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(variant.is<bool>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonObject>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonString>() == false);
   }
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(variant.is<bool>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonObject>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::is<T>()") {
   SECTION("const char*") {
     variant.set("4.2");
 
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == true);
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == true);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == true);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == true);
     CHECK(variant.is<std::string>() == true);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonString>() == true);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonVariant>() == true);
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(variant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<float>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<bool>() == false);
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<MYENUM2>() == false);
   }
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(variant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<float>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<bool>() == false);
-    CHECK(variant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(variant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<MYENUM2>() == false);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonVariant>() == true);
     CHECK(variant.is<JsonVariantConst>() == true);
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariantConst::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonVariant>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonVariantConst>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<bool>() == false);
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariantConst::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonVariant>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<bool>() == false);
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariantConst::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonVariant>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonObject>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariantConst::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonVariant>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonObject>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariantConst::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonObject>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonVariant>() == false);
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonString>() == false);
   }
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariantConst::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonObject>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonArray>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonVariant>() == false);
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<std::string>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonString>() == false);
@@ -271,8 +271,8 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariantConst::is<T>()") {
   SECTION("const char*") {
     variant.set("4.2");
 
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == true);
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == true);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == true);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == true);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<std::string>() == true);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<JsonString>() == true);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<double>() == false);
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariantConst::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(cvariant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<float>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<bool>() == false);
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<MYENUM2>() == false);
   }
 
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariantConst::is<T>()") {
     CHECK(cvariant.is<int>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<float>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<bool>() == false);
-    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char *>() == false);
+    CHECK(cvariant.is<const char*>() == false);
     CHECK(cvariant.is<MYENUM2>() == false);
   }
 }

extras/tests/JsonVariant/isnull.cpp

@@ -9,17 +9,17 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::isNull()") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   JsonVariant variant = doc.to<JsonVariant>();
 
-  SECTION("return true when Undefined") {
+  SECTION("returns true when Undefined") {
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == true);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return false when Integer") {
+  SECTION("returns false when Integer") {
     variant.set(42);
 
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == false);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return false when EmptyArray") {
+  SECTION("returns false when EmptyArray") {
     DynamicJsonDocument doc2(4096);
     JsonArray array = doc2.to<JsonArray>();
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::isNull()") {
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == false);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return false when EmptyObject") {
+  SECTION("returns false when EmptyObject") {
     DynamicJsonDocument doc2(4096);
     JsonObject obj = doc2.to<JsonObject>();
 
@@ -35,41 +35,54 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::isNull()") {
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == false);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return true after set(JsonArray())") {
+  SECTION("returns true after set(JsonArray())") {
     variant.set(JsonArray());
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == true);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return true after set(JsonObject())") {
+  SECTION("returns true after set(JsonObject())") {
     variant.set(JsonObject());
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == true);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return false after set('hello')") {
+  SECTION("returns false after set('hello')") {
     variant.set("hello");
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == false);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return true after set((char*)0)") {
+  SECTION("returns true after set((char*)0)") {
     variant.set(static_cast<char*>(0));
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == true);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return true after set((const char*)0)") {
+  SECTION("returns true after set((const char*)0)") {
     variant.set(static_cast<const char*>(0));
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == true);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return true after set(serialized((char*)0))") {
+  SECTION("returns true after set(serialized((char*)0))") {
     variant.set(serialized(static_cast<char*>(0)));
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == true);
   }
 
-  SECTION("return true after set(serialized((const char*)0))") {
+  SECTION("returns true after set(serialized((const char*)0))") {
     variant.set(serialized(static_cast<const char*>(0)));
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull() == true);
   }
 
+  SECTION("returns true for a shallow null copy") {
+    StaticJsonDocument<128> doc2;
+    variant.shallowCopy(doc2);
+    CHECK(variant.isNull() == true);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("returns false for a shallow array copy") {
+    StaticJsonDocument<128> doc2;
+    doc2[0] = 42;
+    variant.shallowCopy(doc2);
+    CHECK(variant.isNull() == false);
+  }
+
   SECTION("works with JsonVariantConst") {
     variant.set(42);
 

extras/tests/JsonVariant/set.cpp

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::set() when there is enough memory") {
     char str[16];
 
     strcpy(str, "hello");
-    bool result = variant.set(static_cast<const char *>(str));
+    bool result = variant.set(static_cast<const char*>(str));
     strcpy(str, "world");
 
     REQUIRE(result == true);
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::set() when there is enough memory") {
   }
 
   SECTION("(const char*)0") {
-    bool result = variant.set(static_cast<const char *>(0));
+    bool result = variant.set(static_cast<const char*>(0));
 
     REQUIRE(result == true);
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull());
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::set() when there is enough memory") {
   }
 
   SECTION("(char*)0") {
-    bool result = variant.set(static_cast<char *>(0));
+    bool result = variant.set(static_cast<char*>(0));
 
     REQUIRE(result == true);
     REQUIRE(variant.isNull());
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::set() when there is enough memory") {
     char str[16];
 
     strcpy(str, "hello");
-    bool result = variant.set(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(str));
+    bool result = variant.set(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char*>(str));
     strcpy(str, "world");
 
     REQUIRE(result == true);
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::set() when there is enough memory") {
     char str[16];
 
     strcpy(str, "hello");
-    bool result = variant.set(reinterpret_cast<signed char *>(str));
+    bool result = variant.set(reinterpret_cast<signed char*>(str));
     strcpy(str, "world");
 
     REQUIRE(result == true);

extras/tests/JsonVariant/shallowCopy.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::shallowCopy()") {
+  StaticJsonDocument<1024> doc1, doc2;
+  JsonVariant variant = doc1.to<JsonVariant>();
+
+  SECTION("JsonVariant::shallowCopy(JsonDocument&)") {
+    doc2["hello"] = "world";
+
+    variant.shallowCopy(doc2);
+
+    CHECK(variant.as<std::string>() == "{\"hello\":\"world\"}");
+
+    // altering the linked document should change the result
+    doc2["hello"] = "WORLD!";
+
+    CHECK(variant.as<std::string>() == "{\"hello\":\"WORLD!\"}");
+  }
+
+  SECTION("JsonVariant::shallowCopy(MemberProxy)") {
+    doc2["obj"]["hello"] = "world";
+
+    variant.shallowCopy(doc2["obj"]);
+
+    CHECK(variant.as<std::string>() == "{\"hello\":\"world\"}");
+
+    // altering the linked document should change the result
+    doc2["obj"]["hello"] = "WORLD!";
+
+    CHECK(variant.as<std::string>() == "{\"hello\":\"WORLD!\"}");
+  }
+
+  SECTION("JsonVariant::shallowCopy(ElementProxy)") {
+    doc2[0]["hello"] = "world";
+
+    variant.shallowCopy(doc2[0]);
+
+    CHECK(variant.as<std::string>() == "{\"hello\":\"world\"}");
+
+    // altering the linked document should change the result
+    doc2[0]["hello"] = "WORLD!";
+
+    CHECK(variant.as<std::string>() == "{\"hello\":\"WORLD!\"}");
+  }
+
+  SECTION("target is unbound") {
+    JsonVariant unbound;
+    variant["hello"] = "world";
+
+    variant.shallowCopy(unbound);
+
+    CHECK(variant.isUnbound() == false);
+    CHECK(variant.isNull() == true);
+    CHECK(variant.memoryUsage() == 0);
+    CHECK(variant.size() == 0);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("variant is unbound") {
+    JsonVariant unbound;
+    doc2["hello"] = "world";
+
+    unbound.shallowCopy(doc2);
+
+    CHECK(unbound.isUnbound() == true);
+    CHECK(unbound.isNull() == true);
+    CHECK(unbound.memoryUsage() == 0);
+    CHECK(unbound.size() == 0);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("preserves owned key bit") {
+    doc2.set(42);
+
+    doc1["a"].shallowCopy(doc2);
+    doc1[std::string("b")].shallowCopy(doc2);
+
+    JsonObject::iterator it = doc1.as<JsonObject>().begin();
+
+    CHECK(it->key().isLinked() == true);
+    ++it;
+    CHECK(it->key().isLinked() == false);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/JsonVariant/size.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <catch.hpp>
+
+TEST_CASE("JsonVariant::size()") {
+  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+  JsonVariant variant = doc.to<JsonVariant>();
+
+  SECTION("unbound reference") {
+    JsonVariant unbound;
+
+    CHECK(unbound.size() == 0);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("int") {
+    variant.set(42);
+
+    CHECK(variant.size() == 0);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("string") {
+    variant.set("hello");
+
+    CHECK(variant.size() == 0);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("object") {
+    variant["a"] = 1;
+    variant["b"] = 2;
+
+    CHECK(variant.size() == 2);
+  }
+}

extras/tests/JsonVariant/types.cpp

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ void checkValue(T expected) {
 }
 
 template <typename T>
-void checkReference(T &expected) {
+void checkReference(T& expected) {
   JsonVariant variant = expected;
-  REQUIRE(expected == variant.as<T &>());
+  REQUIRE(expected == variant.as<T&>());
 }
 
 template <typename T>
@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@ TEST_CASE("JsonVariant set()/get()") {
 #endif
 
   SECTION("Null") {
-    checkValue<const char *>(NULL);
+    checkValue<const char*>(NULL);
   }
   SECTION("const char*") {
-    checkValue<const char *>("hello");
+    checkValue<const char*>("hello");
   }
   SECTION("std::string") {
     checkValue<std::string>("hello");

extras/tests/MemoryPool/StringCopier.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ TEST_CASE("StringCopier") {
 
   SECTION("Works when buffer is big enough") {
     MemoryPool pool(buffer, addPadding(JSON_STRING_SIZE(5)));
-    StringCopier str(pool);
+    StringCopier str(&pool);
 
     str.startString();
     str.append("hello");
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ TEST_CASE("StringCopier") {
 
   SECTION("Returns null when too small") {
     MemoryPool pool(buffer, sizeof(void*));
-    StringCopier str(pool);
+    StringCopier str(&pool);
 
     str.startString();
     str.append("hello world!");
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ TEST_CASE("StringCopier") {
 
   SECTION("Increases size of memory pool") {
     MemoryPool pool(buffer, addPadding(JSON_STRING_SIZE(6)));
-    StringCopier str(pool);
+    StringCopier str(&pool);
 
     str.startString();
     str.save();
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ TEST_CASE("StringCopier") {
 
   SECTION("Works when memory pool is 0 bytes") {
     MemoryPool pool(buffer, 0);
-    StringCopier str(pool);
+    StringCopier str(&pool);
 
     str.startString();
     REQUIRE(str.isValid() == false);
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ TEST_CASE("StringCopier") {
 }
 
 static const char* addStringToPool(MemoryPool& pool, const char* s) {
-  StringCopier str(pool);
+  StringCopier str(&pool);
   str.startString();
   str.append(s);
   return str.save().c_str();

extras/tests/MemoryPool/clear.cpp

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemoryPool::clear()") {
   }
 
   SECTION("Discards allocated strings") {
-    pool.saveString(adaptString(const_cast<char *>("123456789")));
+    pool.saveString(adaptString(const_cast<char*>("123456789")));
     REQUIRE(pool.size() == 10);
 
     pool.clear();

extras/tests/MemoryPool/saveString.cpp

@@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
 
 using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
 
-static const char *saveString(MemoryPool &pool, const char *s) {
-  return pool.saveString(adaptString(const_cast<char *>(s)));
+static const char* saveString(MemoryPool& pool, const char* s) {
+  return pool.saveString(adaptString(const_cast<char*>(s)));
 }
 
-static const char *saveString(MemoryPool &pool, const char *s, size_t n) {
+static const char* saveString(MemoryPool& pool, const char* s, size_t n) {
   return pool.saveString(adaptString(s, n));
 }
 
@@ -21,36 +21,36 @@ TEST_CASE("MemoryPool::saveString()") {
   MemoryPool pool(buffer, 32);
 
   SECTION("Duplicates different strings") {
-    const char *a = saveString(pool, "hello");
-    const char *b = saveString(pool, "world");
+    const char* a = saveString(pool, "hello");
+    const char* b = saveString(pool, "world");
     REQUIRE(a != b);
     REQUIRE(pool.size() == 6 + 6);
   }
 
   SECTION("Deduplicates identical strings") {
-    const char *a = saveString(pool, "hello");
-    const char *b = saveString(pool, "hello");
+    const char* a = saveString(pool, "hello");
+    const char* b = saveString(pool, "hello");
     REQUIRE(a == b);
     REQUIRE(pool.size() == 6);
   }
 
   SECTION("Deduplicates identical strings that contain NUL") {
-    const char *a = saveString(pool, "hello\0world", 11);
-    const char *b = saveString(pool, "hello\0world", 11);
+    const char* a = saveString(pool, "hello\0world", 11);
+    const char* b = saveString(pool, "hello\0world", 11);
     REQUIRE(a == b);
     REQUIRE(pool.size() == 12);
   }
 
   SECTION("Reuse part of a string if it ends with NUL") {
-    const char *a = saveString(pool, "hello\0world", 11);
-    const char *b = saveString(pool, "hello");
+    const char* a = saveString(pool, "hello\0world", 11);
+    const char* b = saveString(pool, "hello");
     REQUIRE(a == b);
     REQUIRE(pool.size() == 12);
   }
 
   SECTION("Don't stop on first NUL") {
-    const char *a = saveString(pool, "hello");
-    const char *b = saveString(pool, "hello\0world", 11);
+    const char* a = saveString(pool, "hello");
+    const char* b = saveString(pool, "hello\0world", 11);
     REQUIRE(a != b);
     REQUIRE(pool.size() == 18);
   }
@@ -58,16 +58,16 @@ TEST_CASE("MemoryPool::saveString()") {
   SECTION("Returns NULL when full") {
     REQUIRE(pool.capacity() == 32);
 
-    const void *p1 = saveString(pool, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
+    const void* p1 = saveString(pool, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
     REQUIRE(p1 != 0);
     REQUIRE(pool.size() == 32);
 
-    const void *p2 = saveString(pool, "b");
+    const void* p2 = saveString(pool, "b");
     REQUIRE(p2 == 0);
   }
 
   SECTION("Returns NULL when pool is too small") {
-    const void *p = saveString(pool, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
+    const void* p = saveString(pool, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
     REQUIRE(0 == p);
   }
 
@@ -82,15 +82,15 @@ TEST_CASE("MemoryPool::saveString()") {
   }
 
   SECTION("Returns same address after clear()") {
-    const void *a = saveString(pool, "hello");
+    const void* a = saveString(pool, "hello");
     pool.clear();
-    const void *b = saveString(pool, "world");
+    const void* b = saveString(pool, "world");
 
     REQUIRE(a == b);
   }
 
   SECTION("Can use full capacity when fresh") {
-    const void *a = saveString(pool, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
+    const void* a = saveString(pool, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
 
     REQUIRE(a != 0);
   }
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MemoryPool::saveString()") {
     saveString(pool, "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa");
     pool.clear();
 
-    const void *a = saveString(pool, "bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb");
+    const void* a = saveString(pool, "bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb");
 
     REQUIRE(a != 0);
   }

extras/tests/MemoryPool/size.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ TEST_CASE("MemoryPool::size()") {
   SECTION("Doesn't grow when memory pool is full") {
     const size_t variantCount = sizeof(buffer) / sizeof(VariantSlot);
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < variantCount; i++) pool.allocVariant();
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < variantCount; i++)
+      pool.allocVariant();
     size_t size = pool.size();
 
     pool.allocVariant();

extras/tests/Misc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 add_executable(MiscTests
 	arithmeticCompare.cpp
 	conflicts.cpp
-	deprecated.cpp
 	FloatParts.cpp
 	JsonString.cpp
 	NoArduinoHeader.cpp

extras/tests/Misc/StringAdapters.cpp

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@
 #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_ARDUINO_STRING 1
 
 #include "custom_string.hpp"
+#include "progmem_emulation.hpp"
 #include "weird_strcmp.hpp"
 
+#include <ArduinoJson/Strings/IsString.hpp>
 #include <ArduinoJson/Strings/StringAdapters.hpp>
 
 #include <catch.hpp>
@@ -85,30 +87,18 @@ TEST_CASE("custom_string") {
   CHECK(s.size() == 5);
 }
 
+struct EmptyStruct {};
+
 TEST_CASE("IsString<T>") {
-  SECTION("std::string") {
-    CHECK(IsString<std::string>::value == true);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("basic_string<wchar_t>") {
-    CHECK(IsString<std::basic_string<wchar_t> >::value == false);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("custom_string") {
-    CHECK(IsString<custom_string>::value == true);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("const __FlashStringHelper*") {
-    CHECK(IsString<const __FlashStringHelper*>::value == true);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("const char*") {
-    CHECK(IsString<const char*>::value == true);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("const char[]") {
-    CHECK(IsString<const char[8]>::value == true);
-  }
+  CHECK(IsString<std::string>::value == true);
+  CHECK(IsString<std::basic_string<wchar_t> >::value == false);
+  CHECK(IsString<custom_string>::value == true);
+  CHECK(IsString<const __FlashStringHelper*>::value == true);
+  CHECK(IsString<const char*>::value == true);
+  CHECK(IsString<const char[8]>::value == true);
+  CHECK(IsString< ::String>::value == true);
+  CHECK(IsString< ::StringSumHelper>::value == true);
+  CHECK(IsString<const EmptyStruct*>::value == false);
 }
 
 TEST_CASE("stringCompare") {

extras/tests/Misc/TypeTraits.cpp

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Polyfills/type_traits") {
     CHECK(is_integral<const volatile unsigned long>::value == true);
     CHECK(is_integral<const volatile unsigned short>::value == true);
 
-    CHECK(is_integral<UInt>::value == true);
+    CHECK(is_integral<JsonUInt>::value == true);
   }
 
   SECTION("is_signed") {
@@ -177,6 +177,24 @@ TEST_CASE("Polyfills/type_traits") {
     CHECK((is_convertible<EmptyEnum, int>::value == true));
     CHECK((is_convertible<int*, int>::value == false));
     CHECK((is_convertible<EmptyClass, int>::value == false));
+
+    CHECK((is_convertible<DeserializationError, JsonVariantConst>::value ==
+           false));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<JsonPair, JsonVariantConst>::value == false));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<JsonVariant, JsonVariantConst>::value == true));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<JsonVariantConst, JsonVariantConst>::value == true));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<JsonArray, JsonVariantConst>::value == true));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<ElementProxy<JsonArray>, JsonVariantConst>::value ==
+           true));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<JsonArrayConst, JsonVariantConst>::value == true));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<JsonObject, JsonVariantConst>::value == true));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<MemberProxy<JsonObject, const char*>,
+                          JsonVariantConst>::value == true));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<JsonObjectConst, JsonVariantConst>::value == true));
+    CHECK(
+        (is_convertible<DynamicJsonDocument, JsonVariantConst>::value == true));
+    CHECK((is_convertible<StaticJsonDocument<10>, JsonVariantConst>::value ==
+           true));
   }
 
   SECTION("is_class") {
@@ -194,19 +212,4 @@ TEST_CASE("Polyfills/type_traits") {
     CHECK(is_enum<bool>::value == false);
     CHECK(is_enum<double>::value == false);
   }
-
-  SECTION("IsVisitable") {
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<DeserializationError>::value == false);
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<JsonPair>::value == false);
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<VariantRef>::value == true);
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<VariantConstRef>::value == true);
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<ArrayRef>::value == true);
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<ElementProxy<ArrayRef> >::value == true);
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<ArrayConstRef>::value == true);
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<ObjectRef>::value == true);
-    CHECK((IsVisitable<MemberProxy<ObjectRef, const char*> >::value == true));
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<ObjectConstRef>::value == true);
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<DynamicJsonDocument>::value == true);
-    CHECK(IsVisitable<StaticJsonDocument<10> >::value == true);
-  }
 }

extras/tests/Misc/Utf8.cpp

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ using namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE;
 static void testCodepoint(uint32_t codepoint, std::string expected) {
   char buffer[4096];
   MemoryPool pool(buffer, 4096);
-  StringCopier str(pool);
+  StringCopier str(&pool);
   str.startString();
 
   CAPTURE(codepoint);

extras/tests/Misc/deprecated.cpp

@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
-// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
-// MIT License
-
-#define ARDUINOJSON_DEPRECATED(msg)  // nothing
-
-#include <ArduinoJson.h>
-#include <catch.hpp>
-
-TEST_CASE("Deprecated features") {
-  StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
-  const char* s = "hello";
-  doc["s"] = s;
-  doc["c"] = 42;
-  doc["a"].add(s);
-  doc["a"].add(42);
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariant::add(char)") {
-    JsonVariant v = doc.to<JsonVariant>();
-    v.add('*');
-    REQUIRE(v[0] == 42);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariant::as<char*>()") {
-    JsonVariant v = doc["s"];
-    REQUIRE(v.as<char*>() == s);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariant::as<char>()") {
-    JsonVariant v = doc["c"];
-    REQUIRE(v.as<char>() == '*');
-  }
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariant::is<char*>()") {
-    JsonVariant v = doc["s"];
-    REQUIRE(v.is<char*>() == true);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariant::is<char>()") {
-    JsonVariant v = doc["c"];
-    REQUIRE(v.is<char>() == true);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariant::set(char)") {
-    JsonVariant v = doc.to<JsonVariant>();
-    v.set('*');
-    REQUIRE(v.as<unsigned char>() == 42);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariantConst::as<char*>()") {
-    JsonVariantConst v = doc["s"];
-    REQUIRE(v.as<char*>() == s);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariantConst::as<char>()") {
-    JsonVariantConst v = doc["c"];
-    REQUIRE(v.as<char>() == '*');
-  }
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariantConst::is<char*>()") {
-    JsonVariantConst v = doc["s"];
-    REQUIRE(v.is<char*>() == true);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("JsonVariantConst::is<char>()") {
-    JsonVariantConst v = doc["c"];
-    REQUIRE(v.is<char>() == true);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("MemberProxy::as<char*>()") {
-    REQUIRE(doc["s"].as<char*>() == s);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("MemberProxy::as<char>()") {
-    REQUIRE(doc["c"].as<char>() == '*');
-  }
-
-  SECTION("MemberProxy::as<char>()") {
-    doc["x"].set('*');
-    REQUIRE(doc["x"] == 42);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("MemberProxy::is<char*>()") {
-    REQUIRE(doc["s"].is<char*>() == true);
-    REQUIRE(doc["c"].is<char*>() == false);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("MemberProxy::is<char>()") {
-    REQUIRE(doc["c"].is<char>() == true);
-    REQUIRE(doc["s"].is<char>() == false);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("ElementProxy::as<char*>()") {
-    REQUIRE(doc["a"][0].as<char*>() == s);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("ElementProxy::as<char>()") {
-    REQUIRE(doc["a"][1].as<char>() == '*');
-  }
-
-  SECTION("ElementProxy::as<char>()") {
-    doc["a"][0].set('*');
-    REQUIRE(doc["a"][0] == 42);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("ElementProxy::is<char*>()") {
-    REQUIRE(doc["a"][0].is<char*>() == true);
-    REQUIRE(doc["a"][1].is<char*>() == false);
-  }
-
-  SECTION("ElementProxy::is<char>()") {
-    REQUIRE(doc["a"][1].is<char>() == true);
-    REQUIRE(doc["a"][0].is<char>() == false);
-  }
-}

extras/tests/MixedConfiguration/enable_progmem_1.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 
+#include "progmem_emulation.hpp"
+
 #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_PROGMEM 1
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 

extras/tests/MixedConfiguration/enable_string_deduplication_0.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 
+#include "progmem_emulation.hpp"
+
 #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_ARDUINO_STRING 1
 #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_PROGMEM 1
 #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STRING_DEDUPLICATION 0

extras/tests/MixedConfiguration/enable_string_deduplication_1.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 // Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 
+#include "progmem_emulation.hpp"
+
 #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_ARDUINO_STRING 1
 #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_PROGMEM 1
 #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STRING_DEDUPLICATION 1

extras/tests/MixedConfiguration/issue1707.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #define ARDUINO
 #define memcpy_P(dest, src, n) memcpy((dest), (src), (n))
 
+#include "progmem_emulation.hpp"
+
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 #include <catch.hpp>

extras/tests/MsgPackSerializer/destination_types.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ TEST_CASE("serialize MsgPack to various destination types") {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   JsonObject object = doc.to<JsonObject>();
   object["hello"] = "world";
-  const char *expected_result = "\x81\xA5hello\xA5world";
+  const char* expected_result = "\x81\xA5hello\xA5world";
   const size_t expected_length = 13;
 
   SECTION("std::string") {

extras/tests/MsgPackSerializer/misc.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 
 template <typename T>
-void check(T value, const std::string &expected) {
+void check(T value, const std::string& expected) {
   DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
   doc.to<JsonVariant>().set(value);
   char buffer[256] = "";

extras/tests/MsgPackSerializer/serializeArray.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,8 @@ TEST_CASE("serialize MsgPack array") {
   }
 
   SECTION("array 16") {
-    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) array.add(i);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+      array.add(i);
 
     check(array,
           "\xDC\x00\x10\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\x09\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D"
@@ -50,7 +51,8 @@ TEST_CASE("serialize MsgPack array") {
 
   SECTION("array 32") {
     const char* nil = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < 65536; i++) array.add(nil);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 65536; i++)
+      array.add(nil);
 
     check(array,
           std::string("\xDD\x00\x01\x00\x00", 5) + std::string(65536, '\xc0'));

extras/tests/MsgPackSerializer/serializeVariant.cpp

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ TEST_CASE("serialize MsgPack value") {
 
   SECTION("float 32") {
     checkVariant(1.25, "\xCA\x3F\xA0\x00\x00");
+    checkVariant(9.22337204e+18f, "\xca\x5f\x00\x00\x00");
   }
 
   SECTION("float 64") {

extras/tests/Numbers/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 # Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
 # MIT License
 
-add_executable(NumbersTests 
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED OFF)
+
+add_executable(NumbersTests
 	convertNumber.cpp
 	parseFloat.cpp
 	parseDouble.cpp

extras/tests/Numbers/convertNumber.cpp

@@ -75,4 +75,62 @@ TEST_CASE("canConvertNumber<TOut, TIn>()") {
     CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint16_t, uint8_t>(128)) == true);
     CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint16_t, uint8_t>(255)) == true);
   }
+
+  SECTION("float -> int32_t") {
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, float>(0)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, float>(-2.147483904e9f)) == false);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, float>(-2.147483648e+9f)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, float>(2.14748352e+9f)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, float>(2.14748365e+9f)) == false);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("double -> int32_t") {
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, double>(0)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, double>(-2.147483649e+9)) == false);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, double>(-2.147483648e+9)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, double>(2.147483647e+9)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int32_t, double>(2.147483648e+9)) == false);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("float -> uint32_t") {
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint32_t, float>(0)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint32_t, float>(-1.401298e-45f)) == false);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint32_t, float>(4.29496704e+9f)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint32_t, float>(4.294967296e+9f)) == false);
+  }
+
+#if ARDUINOJSON_HAS_LONG_LONG
+  SECTION("float -> int64_t") {
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int64_t, float>(0)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int64_t, float>(-9.22337204e+18f)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int64_t, float>(9.22337149e+18f)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int64_t, float>(9.22337204e+18f)) == false);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("double -> int64_t") {
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int64_t, double>(0)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int64_t, double>(-9.2233720368547758e+18)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int64_t, double>(9.2233720368547748e+18)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<int64_t, double>(9.2233720368547758e+18)) == false);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("float -> uint64_t") {
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint64_t, float>(0)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint64_t, float>(-1.401298e-45f)) == false);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint64_t, float>(1.844674297419792384e+19f)) ==
+          true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint64_t, float>(1.8446744073709551616e+19f)) ==
+          false);
+  }
+
+  SECTION("double -> uint64_t") {
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint64_t, double>(0)) == true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint64_t, double>(-4.94065645841247e-324)) ==
+          false);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint64_t, double>(1.8446744073709549568e+19)) ==
+          true);
+    CHECK((canConvertNumber<uint64_t, double>(1.8446744073709551616e+19)) ==
+          false);
+  }
+#endif
 }

extras/tests/Numbers/parseNumber.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Test unsigned integer overflow") {
   second.init();
 
   // Avoids MSVC warning C4127 (conditional expression is constant)
-  size_t integerSize = sizeof(Integer);
+  size_t integerSize = sizeof(JsonInteger);
 
   if (integerSize == 8) {
     parseNumber("18446744073709551615", first);
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Test signed integer overflow") {
   second.init();
 
   // Avoids MSVC warning C4127 (conditional expression is constant)
-  size_t integerSize = sizeof(Integer);
+  size_t integerSize = sizeof(JsonInteger);
 
   if (integerSize == 8) {
     parseNumber("-9223372036854775808", first);

extras/tests/catch/catch.hpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /*
  *  Catch v1.12.2
- *  Generated: 2018-05-14 15:10:01.112442
+ *  Generated: 2023-01-17 08:45:40.979381
  *  ----------------------------------------------------------
  *  This file has been merged from multiple headers. Please don't edit it directly
  *  Copyright (c) 2012 Two Blue Cubes Ltd. All rights reserved.
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
 // Use variadic macros if the compiler supports them
-#if ( defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER > 1400 && !defined __EDGE__) || \
+#if ( defined _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !defined __EDGE__) || \
     ( defined __WAVE__ && __WAVE_HAS_VARIADICS ) || \
     ( defined __GNUC__ && __GNUC__ >= 3 ) || \
     ( !defined __cplusplus && __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L || __cplusplus >= 201103L )
@@ -2129,6 +2129,9 @@ namespace Catch{
         #define CATCH_TRAP() \
                 __asm__("li r0, 20\nsc\nnop\nli r0, 37\nli r4, 2\nsc\nnop\n" \
                 : : : "memory","r0","r3","r4" ) /* NOLINT */
+    #elif defined(__aarch64__)
+        // Backport of https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2/commit/a25c1a24af8bffd35727a888a307ff0280cf9387
+        #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__(".inst 0xd4200000")
     #else
         #define CATCH_TRAP() __asm__("int $3\n" : : /* NOLINT */ )
     #endif
@@ -6392,18 +6395,21 @@ CATCH_INTERNAL_UNSUPPRESS_ETD_WARNINGS
 // #included from: catch_fatal_condition.hpp
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_FATAL_CONDITION_H_INCLUDED
 
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
 namespace Catch {
 
-    // Report the error condition
-    inline void reportFatal( std::string const& message ) {
-        IContext& context = Catch::getCurrentContext();
-        IResultCapture* resultCapture = context.getResultCapture();
-        resultCapture->handleFatalErrorCondition( message );
-    }
+//! Signals fatal error message to the run context
+inline void reportFatal(std::string const &message) {
+  IContext &context = Catch::getCurrentContext();
+  IResultCapture *resultCapture = context.getResultCapture();
+  resultCapture->handleFatalErrorCondition(message);
+}
 
 } // namespace Catch
 
-#if defined ( CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS ) /////////////////////////////////////////
+#if defined(CATCH_PLATFORM_WINDOWS) /////////////////////////////////////////
 // #included from: catch_windows_h_proxy.h
 
 #define TWOBLUECUBES_CATCH_WINDOWS_H_PROXY_H_INCLUDED
@@ -6429,176 +6435,307 @@ namespace Catch {
 #endif
 
 
-#  if !defined ( CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH )
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH)
 
 namespace Catch {
-    struct FatalConditionHandler {
-        void reset() {}
-    };
+class FatalConditionHandler {
+  bool m_started;
+
+  // Install/disengage implementation for specific platform.
+  // Should be if-defed to work on current platform, can assume
+  // engage-disengage 1:1 pairing.
+  void engage_platform() {}
+  void disengage_platform() {}
+
+public:
+  // Should also have platform-specific implementations as needed
+  FatalConditionHandler() : m_started(false) {}
+  ~FatalConditionHandler() {}
+
+  void engage() {
+    assert(!m_started && "Handler cannot be installed twice.");
+    m_started = true;
+    engage_platform();
+  }
+
+  void disengage() {
+    assert(m_started &&
+           "Handler cannot be uninstalled without being installed first");
+    m_started = false;
+    disengage_platform();
+  }
+};
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#else // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH is defined
+
+namespace Catch {
+
+struct SignalDefs {
+  DWORD id;
+  const char *name;
+};
+extern SignalDefs signalDefs[];
+// There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
+// Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
+// but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
+SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+    {EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION, "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+    {EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow"},
+    {EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+    {EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Divide by zero error"},
+};
+
+static LONG CALLBACK
+handleVectoredException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
+  for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+    if (ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == signalDefs[i].id) {
+      reportFatal(signalDefs[i].name);
+    }
+  }
+  // If its not an exception we care about, pass it along.
+  // This stops us from eating debugger breaks etc.
+  return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
 }
 
-#  else // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH is defined
+// Since we do not support multiple instantiations, we put these
+// into global variables and rely on cleaning them up in outlined
+// constructors/destructors
+static PVOID exceptionHandlerHandle = CATCH_NULL;
 
-namespace Catch {
+class FatalConditionHandler {
+  bool m_started;
 
-    struct SignalDefs { DWORD id; const char* name; };
-    extern SignalDefs signalDefs[];
-    // There is no 1-1 mapping between signals and windows exceptions.
-    // Windows can easily distinguish between SO and SigSegV,
-    // but SigInt, SigTerm, etc are handled differently.
-    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
-        { EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION,  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
-        { EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW, "SIGSEGV - Stack overflow" },
-        { EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
-        { EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO, "Divide by zero error" },
-    };
+  // Install/disengage implementation for specific platform.
+  // Should be if-defed to work on current platform, can assume
+  // engage-disengage 1:1 pairing.
 
-    struct FatalConditionHandler {
+  void engage_platform() {
+    // Register as first handler in current chain
+    exceptionHandlerHandle =
+        AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, handleVectoredException);
+    if (!exceptionHandlerHandle) {
+      throw std::runtime_error("Could not register vectored exception handler");
+    }
+  }
 
-        static LONG CALLBACK handleVectoredException(PEXCEPTION_POINTERS ExceptionInfo) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
-                if (ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == signalDefs[i].id) {
-                    reportFatal(signalDefs[i].name);
-                }
-            }
-            // If its not an exception we care about, pass it along.
-            // This stops us from eating debugger breaks etc.
-            return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
-        }
+  void disengage_platform() {
+    if (!RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(exceptionHandlerHandle)) {
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+          "Could not unregister vectored exception handler");
+    }
+    exceptionHandlerHandle = CATCH_NULL;
+  }
 
-        FatalConditionHandler() {
-            isSet = true;
-            // 32k seems enough for Catch to handle stack overflow,
-            // but the value was found experimentally, so there is no strong guarantee
-            guaranteeSize = 32 * 1024;
-            exceptionHandlerHandle = CATCH_NULL;
-            // Register as first handler in current chain
-            exceptionHandlerHandle = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(1, handleVectoredException);
-            // Pass in guarantee size to be filled
-            SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
-        }
+public:
+  FatalConditionHandler() : m_started(false) {
+    ULONG guaranteeSize = static_cast<ULONG>(32 * 1024);
+    if (!SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize)) {
+      // We do not want to fully error out, because needing
+      // the stack reserve should be rare enough anyway.
+      Catch::cerr() << "Failed to reserve piece of stack."
+                    << " Stack overflows will not be reported successfully.";
+    }
+  }
 
-        static void reset() {
-            if (isSet) {
-                // Unregister handler and restore the old guarantee
-                RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(exceptionHandlerHandle);
-                SetThreadStackGuarantee(&guaranteeSize);
-                exceptionHandlerHandle = CATCH_NULL;
-                isSet = false;
-            }
-        }
+  // We do not attempt to unset the stack guarantee, because
+  // Windows does not support lowering the stack size guarantee.
+  ~FatalConditionHandler() {}
 
-        ~FatalConditionHandler() {
-            reset();
-        }
-    private:
-        static bool isSet;
-        static ULONG guaranteeSize;
-        static PVOID exceptionHandlerHandle;
-    };
+  void engage() {
+    assert(!m_started && "Handler cannot be installed twice.");
+    m_started = true;
+    engage_platform();
+  }
 
-    bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
-    ULONG FatalConditionHandler::guaranteeSize = 0;
-    PVOID FatalConditionHandler::exceptionHandlerHandle = CATCH_NULL;
+  void disengage() {
+    assert(m_started &&
+           "Handler cannot be uninstalled without being installed first");
+    m_started = false;
+    disengage_platform();
+  }
+};
 
 } // namespace Catch
 
-#  endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_WINDOWS_SEH
 
 #else // Not Windows - assumed to be POSIX compatible //////////////////////////
 
-#  if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
+#if !defined(CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS)
 
 namespace Catch {
-    struct FatalConditionHandler {
-        void reset() {}
-    };
-}
+class FatalConditionHandler {
+  bool m_started;
 
-#  else // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS is defined
+  // Install/disengage implementation for specific platform.
+  // Should be if-defed to work on current platform, can assume
+  // engage-disengage 1:1 pairing.
+  void engage_platform() {}
+  void disengage_platform() {}
+
+public:
+  // Should also have platform-specific implementations as needed
+  FatalConditionHandler() : m_started(false) {}
+  ~FatalConditionHandler() {}
+
+  void engage() {
+    assert(!m_started && "Handler cannot be installed twice.");
+    m_started = true;
+    engage_platform();
+  }
+
+  void disengage() {
+    assert(m_started &&
+           "Handler cannot be uninstalled without being installed first");
+    m_started = false;
+    disengage_platform();
+  }
+};
+} // namespace Catch
+
+#else // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS is defined
 
 #include <signal.h>
 
 namespace Catch {
 
-    struct SignalDefs {
-        int id;
-        const char* name;
-    };
-    extern SignalDefs signalDefs[];
-    SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
-            { SIGINT,  "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal" },
-            { SIGILL,  "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal" },
-            { SIGFPE,  "SIGFPE - Floating point error signal" },
-            { SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal" },
-            { SIGTERM, "SIGTERM - Termination request signal" },
-            { SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal" }
-    };
+struct SignalDefs {
+  int id;
+  const char *name;
+};
+extern SignalDefs signalDefs[];
+SignalDefs signalDefs[] = {
+    {SIGINT, "SIGINT - Terminal interrupt signal"},
+    {SIGILL, "SIGILL - Illegal instruction signal"},
+    {SIGFPE, "SIGFPE - Floating point error signal"},
+    {SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV - Segmentation violation signal"},
+    {SIGTERM, "SIGTERM - Termination request signal"},
+    {SIGABRT, "SIGABRT - Abort (abnormal termination) signal"}};
 
-    struct FatalConditionHandler {
+// Older GCCs trigger -Wmissing-field-initializers for T foo = {}
+// which is zero initialization, but not explicit. We want to avoid
+// that.
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-field-initializers"
+#endif
 
-        static bool isSet;
-        static struct sigaction oldSigActions [sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs)];
-        static stack_t oldSigStack;
-        static char altStackMem[SIGSTKSZ];
+static char *altStackMem = CATCH_NULL;
+static std::size_t altStackSize = 0;
+static stack_t oldSigStack;
+static struct sigaction oldSigActions[sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs)];
 
-        static void handleSignal( int sig ) {
-            std::string name = "<unknown signal>";
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
-                SignalDefs &def = signalDefs[i];
-                if (sig == def.id) {
-                    name = def.name;
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-            reset();
-            reportFatal(name);
-            raise( sig );
-        }
+static void restorePreviousSignalHandlers() {
+  // We set signal handlers back to the previous ones. Hopefully
+  // nobody overwrote them in the meantime, and doesn't expect
+  // their signal handlers to live past ours given that they
+  // installed them after ours..
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+    sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], CATCH_NULL);
+  }
+  // Return the old stack
+  sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, CATCH_NULL);
+}
 
-        FatalConditionHandler() {
-            isSet = true;
-            stack_t sigStack;
-            sigStack.ss_sp = altStackMem;
-            sigStack.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
-            sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
-            sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
-            struct sigaction sa = { 0 };
+static void handleSignal(int sig) {
+  char const *name = "<unknown signal>";
+  for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+    SignalDefs &def = signalDefs[i];
+    if (sig == def.id) {
+      name = def.name;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  // We need to restore previous signal handlers and let them do
+  // their thing, so that the users can have the debugger break
+  // when a signal is raised, and so on.
+  restorePreviousSignalHandlers();
+  reportFatal(name);
+  raise(sig);
+}
 
-            sa.sa_handler = handleSignal;
-            sa.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK;
-            for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
-                sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &sa, &oldSigActions[i]);
-            }
-        }
+class FatalConditionHandler {
+  bool m_started;
 
-        ~FatalConditionHandler() {
-            reset();
-        }
-        static void reset() {
-            if( isSet ) {
-                // Set signals back to previous values -- hopefully nobody overwrote them in the meantime
-                for( std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i ) {
-                    sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &oldSigActions[i], CATCH_NULL);
-                }
-                // Return the old stack
-                sigaltstack(&oldSigStack, CATCH_NULL);
-                isSet = false;
-            }
-        }
-    };
+  // Install/disengage implementation for specific platform.
+  // Should be if-defed to work on current platform, can assume
+  // engage-disengage 1:1 pairing.
 
-    bool FatalConditionHandler::isSet = false;
-    struct sigaction FatalConditionHandler::oldSigActions[sizeof(signalDefs)/sizeof(SignalDefs)] = {};
-    stack_t FatalConditionHandler::oldSigStack = {};
-    char FatalConditionHandler::altStackMem[SIGSTKSZ] = {};
+  void engage_platform() {
+    stack_t sigStack;
+    sigStack.ss_sp = altStackMem;
+    sigStack.ss_size = SIGSTKSZ;
+    sigStack.ss_flags = 0;
+    sigaltstack(&sigStack, &oldSigStack);
+    struct sigaction sa = {0};
+
+    sa.sa_handler = handleSignal;
+    sa.sa_flags = SA_ONSTACK;
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(signalDefs) / sizeof(SignalDefs); ++i) {
+      sigaction(signalDefs[i].id, &sa, &oldSigActions[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void disengage_platform() { restorePreviousSignalHandlers(); }
+
+public:
+  FatalConditionHandler() : m_started(false) {
+    assert(!altStackMem &&
+           "Cannot initialize POSIX signal handler when one already exists");
+    if (altStackSize == 0) {
+      altStackSize = SIGSTKSZ;
+    }
+    altStackMem = new char[altStackSize]();
+  }
+
+  ~FatalConditionHandler() {
+    delete[] altStackMem;
+    // We signal that another instance can be constructed by zeroing
+    // out the pointer.
+    altStackMem = CATCH_NULL;
+  }
+
+  void engage() {
+    assert(!m_started && "Handler cannot be installed twice.");
+    m_started = true;
+    engage_platform();
+  }
+
+  void disengage() {
+    assert(m_started &&
+           "Handler cannot be uninstalled without being installed first");
+    m_started = false;
+    disengage_platform();
+  }
+};
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
 
 } // namespace Catch
 
-#  endif // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
+#endif // CATCH_CONFIG_POSIX_SIGNALS
 
 #endif // not Windows
 
+namespace Catch {
+
+//! Simple RAII guard for (dis)engaging the FatalConditionHandler
+class FatalConditionHandlerGuard {
+  FatalConditionHandler *m_handler;
+
+public:
+  FatalConditionHandlerGuard(FatalConditionHandler *handler)
+      : m_handler(handler) {
+    m_handler->engage();
+  }
+  ~FatalConditionHandlerGuard() { m_handler->disengage(); }
+};
+
+} // end namespace Catch
+
 #include <cassert>
 #include <set>
 #include <string>
@@ -6938,9 +7075,8 @@ namespace Catch {
         }
 
         void invokeActiveTestCase() {
-            FatalConditionHandler fatalConditionHandler; // Handle signals
+            FatalConditionHandlerGuard _(&m_fatalConditionhandler);
             m_activeTestCase->invoke();
-            fatalConditionHandler.reset();
         }
 
     private:
@@ -6978,6 +7114,7 @@ namespace Catch {
         std::vector<SectionEndInfo> m_unfinishedSections;
         std::vector<ITracker*> m_activeSections;
         TrackerContext m_trackerContext;
+        FatalConditionHandler m_fatalConditionhandler;
         size_t m_prevPassed;
         bool m_shouldReportUnexpected;
     };

idf_component.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+version: "6.20.1"
+description: >-
+  A simple and efficient JSON library for embedded C++.
+  ArduinoJson supports ✔ serialization, ✔ deserialization, ✔ MessagePack, ✔ fixed allocation, ✔ zero-copy, ✔ streams, ✔ filtering, and more.
+  It is the most popular Arduino library on GitHub ❤❤❤❤❤.
+  Check out arduinojson.org for a comprehensive documentation.
+url: https://arduinojson.org/
+files:
+  exclude:
+    - "**/.vs/**/*"
+    - "examples/**/*"
+    - "extras/**/*"

library.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
     "type": "git",
     "url": "https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson.git"
   },
-  "version": "6.19.4",
+  "version": "6.20.1",
   "authors": {
     "name": "Benoit Blanchon",
     "url": "https://blog.benoitblanchon.fr"

library.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name=ArduinoJson
-version=6.19.4
+version=6.20.1
 author=Benoit Blanchon <blog.benoitblanchon.fr>
 maintainer=Benoit Blanchon <blog.benoitblanchon.fr>
 sentence=A simple and efficient JSON library for embedded C++.

src/ArduinoJson.hpp

@@ -21,19 +21,19 @@
 #  endif
 #endif
 
-#include "ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayRef.hpp"
-#include "ArduinoJson/Object/ObjectRef.hpp"
-#include "ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantRef.hpp"
+#include "ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArray.hpp"
+#include "ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObject.hpp"
+#include "ArduinoJson/Variant/JsonVariantConst.hpp"
 
 #include "ArduinoJson/Document/DynamicJsonDocument.hpp"
 #include "ArduinoJson/Document/StaticJsonDocument.hpp"
 
-#include "ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayImpl.hpp"
 #include "ArduinoJson/Array/ElementProxy.hpp"
+#include "ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayImpl.hpp"
 #include "ArduinoJson/Array/Utilities.hpp"
 #include "ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionImpl.hpp"
+#include "ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObjectImpl.hpp"
 #include "ArduinoJson/Object/MemberProxy.hpp"
-#include "ArduinoJson/Object/ObjectImpl.hpp"
 #include "ArduinoJson/Variant/ConverterImpl.hpp"
 #include "ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantCompare.hpp"
 #include "ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantImpl.hpp"
@@ -47,25 +47,25 @@
 #include "ArduinoJson/compatibility.hpp"
 
 namespace ArduinoJson {
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::ArrayConstRef JsonArrayConst;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::ArrayRef JsonArray;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::Float JsonFloat;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::Integer JsonInteger;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::ObjectConstRef JsonObjectConst;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::ObjectRef JsonObject;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::Pair JsonPair;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::PairConst JsonPairConst;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::String JsonString;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::UInt JsonUInt;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::VariantConstRef JsonVariantConst;
-typedef ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::VariantRef JsonVariant;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::BasicJsonDocument;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::copyArray;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::DeserializationError;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::deserializeJson;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::deserializeMsgPack;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::DynamicJsonDocument;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonArray;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonArrayConst;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonDocument;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonFloat;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonInteger;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonObject;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonObjectConst;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonPair;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonPairConst;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonString;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonUInt;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonVariant;
+using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::JsonVariantConst;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::measureJson;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::serialized;
 using ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::serializeJson;

src/ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayFunctions.hpp

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
-// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
-// MIT License
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionData.hpp>
-
-namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
-
-inline VariantData *arrayAdd(CollectionData *arr, MemoryPool *pool) {
-  return arr ? arr->addElement(pool) : 0;
-}
-
-template <typename TVisitor>
-inline typename TVisitor::result_type arrayAccept(const CollectionData *arr,
-                                                  TVisitor &visitor) {
-  if (arr)
-    return visitor.visitArray(*arr);
-  else
-    return visitor.visitNull();
-}
-
-inline bool arrayEquals(const CollectionData *lhs, const CollectionData *rhs) {
-  if (lhs == rhs)
-    return true;
-  if (!lhs || !rhs)
-    return false;
-  return lhs->equalsArray(*rhs);
-}
-}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayImpl.hpp

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
-// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
-// MIT License
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayRef.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Object/ObjectRef.hpp>
-
-namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
-
-template <typename TArray>
-inline ArrayRef ArrayShortcuts<TArray>::createNestedArray() const {
-  return impl()->addElement().template to<ArrayRef>();
-}
-
-template <typename TArray>
-inline ObjectRef ArrayShortcuts<TArray>::createNestedObject() const {
-  return impl()->addElement().template to<ObjectRef>();
-}
-
-template <typename TArray>
-inline ElementProxy<TArray> ArrayShortcuts<TArray>::operator[](
-    size_t index) const {
-  return ElementProxy<TArray>(*impl(), index);
-}
-
-}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayIterator.hpp

@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
-// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
-// MIT License
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/SlotFunctions.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantRef.hpp>
-
-namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
-
-class VariantPtr {
- public:
-  VariantPtr(MemoryPool *pool, VariantData *data) : _variant(pool, data) {}
-
-  VariantRef *operator->() {
-    return &_variant;
-  }
-
-  VariantRef &operator*() {
-    return _variant;
-  }
-
- private:
-  VariantRef _variant;
-};
-
-class ArrayIterator {
- public:
-  ArrayIterator() : _slot(0) {}
-  explicit ArrayIterator(MemoryPool *pool, VariantSlot *slot)
-      : _pool(pool), _slot(slot) {}
-
-  VariantRef operator*() const {
-    return VariantRef(_pool, _slot->data());
-  }
-  VariantPtr operator->() {
-    return VariantPtr(_pool, _slot->data());
-  }
-
-  bool operator==(const ArrayIterator &other) const {
-    return _slot == other._slot;
-  }
-
-  bool operator!=(const ArrayIterator &other) const {
-    return _slot != other._slot;
-  }
-
-  ArrayIterator &operator++() {
-    _slot = _slot->next();
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  ArrayIterator &operator+=(size_t distance) {
-    _slot = _slot->next(distance);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  VariantSlot *internal() {
-    return _slot;
-  }
-
- private:
-  MemoryPool *_pool;
-  VariantSlot *_slot;
-};
-
-class VariantConstPtr {
- public:
-  VariantConstPtr(const VariantData *data) : _variant(data) {}
-
-  VariantConstRef *operator->() {
-    return &_variant;
-  }
-
-  VariantConstRef &operator*() {
-    return _variant;
-  }
-
- private:
-  VariantConstRef _variant;
-};
-
-class ArrayConstRefIterator {
- public:
-  ArrayConstRefIterator() : _slot(0) {}
-  explicit ArrayConstRefIterator(const VariantSlot *slot) : _slot(slot) {}
-
-  VariantConstRef operator*() const {
-    return VariantConstRef(_slot->data());
-  }
-  VariantConstPtr operator->() {
-    return VariantConstPtr(_slot->data());
-  }
-
-  bool operator==(const ArrayConstRefIterator &other) const {
-    return _slot == other._slot;
-  }
-
-  bool operator!=(const ArrayConstRefIterator &other) const {
-    return _slot != other._slot;
-  }
-
-  ArrayConstRefIterator &operator++() {
-    _slot = _slot->next();
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  ArrayConstRefIterator &operator+=(size_t distance) {
-    _slot = _slot->next(distance);
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  const VariantSlot *internal() {
-    return _slot;
-  }
-
- private:
-  const VariantSlot *_slot;
-};
-}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayRef.hpp

@@ -1,213 +0,0 @@
-// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
-// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
-// MIT License
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayFunctions.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayIterator.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantData.hpp>
-
-// Returns the size (in bytes) of an array with n elements.
-// Can be very handy to determine the size of a StaticMemoryPool.
-#define JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(NUMBER_OF_ELEMENTS) \
-  ((NUMBER_OF_ELEMENTS) * sizeof(ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE::VariantSlot))
-
-namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
-
-class ObjectRef;
-template <typename>
-class ElementProxy;
-
-template <typename TData>
-class ArrayRefBase {
- public:
-  operator VariantConstRef() const {
-    const void* data = _data;  // prevent warning cast-align
-    return VariantConstRef(reinterpret_cast<const VariantData*>(data));
-  }
-
-  template <typename TVisitor>
-  FORCE_INLINE typename TVisitor::result_type accept(TVisitor& visitor) const {
-    return arrayAccept(_data, visitor);
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE bool isNull() const {
-    return _data == 0;
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE operator bool() const {
-    return _data != 0;
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE size_t memoryUsage() const {
-    return _data ? _data->memoryUsage() : 0;
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE size_t nesting() const {
-    return _data ? _data->nesting() : 0;
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE size_t size() const {
-    return _data ? _data->size() : 0;
-  }
-
- protected:
-  ArrayRefBase(TData* data) : _data(data) {}
-  TData* _data;
-};
-
-class ArrayConstRef : public ArrayRefBase<const CollectionData>,
-                      public Visitable {
-  friend class ArrayRef;
-  typedef ArrayRefBase<const CollectionData> base_type;
-
- public:
-  typedef ArrayConstRefIterator iterator;
-
-  FORCE_INLINE iterator begin() const {
-    if (!_data)
-      return iterator();
-    return iterator(_data->head());
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE iterator end() const {
-    return iterator();
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE ArrayConstRef() : base_type(0) {}
-  FORCE_INLINE ArrayConstRef(const CollectionData* data) : base_type(data) {}
-
-  FORCE_INLINE bool operator==(ArrayConstRef rhs) const {
-    return arrayEquals(_data, rhs._data);
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantConstRef operator[](size_t index) const {
-    return getElement(index);
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantConstRef getElement(size_t index) const {
-    return VariantConstRef(_data ? _data->getElement(index) : 0);
-  }
-};
-
-class ArrayRef : public ArrayRefBase<CollectionData>,
-                 public ArrayShortcuts<ArrayRef>,
-                 public Visitable {
-  typedef ArrayRefBase<CollectionData> base_type;
-
- public:
-  typedef ArrayIterator iterator;
-
-  FORCE_INLINE ArrayRef() : base_type(0), _pool(0) {}
-  FORCE_INLINE ArrayRef(MemoryPool* pool, CollectionData* data)
-      : base_type(data), _pool(pool) {}
-
-  operator VariantRef() {
-    void* data = _data;  // prevent warning cast-align
-    return VariantRef(_pool, reinterpret_cast<VariantData*>(data));
-  }
-
-  operator ArrayConstRef() const {
-    return ArrayConstRef(_data);
-  }
-
-  VariantRef addElement() const {
-    return VariantRef(_pool, arrayAdd(_data, _pool));
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE iterator begin() const {
-    if (!_data)
-      return iterator();
-    return iterator(_pool, _data->head());
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE iterator end() const {
-    return iterator();
-  }
-
-  // Copy a ArrayRef
-  FORCE_INLINE bool set(ArrayConstRef src) const {
-    if (!_data || !src._data)
-      return false;
-    return _data->copyFrom(*src._data, _pool);
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE bool operator==(ArrayRef rhs) const {
-    return arrayEquals(_data, rhs._data);
-  }
-
-  // Internal use
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef getOrAddElement(size_t index) const {
-    return VariantRef(_pool, _data ? _data->getOrAddElement(index, _pool) : 0);
-  }
-
-  // Gets the value at the specified index.
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef getElement(size_t index) const {
-    return VariantRef(_pool, _data ? _data->getElement(index) : 0);
-  }
-
-  // Removes element at specified position.
-  FORCE_INLINE void remove(iterator it) const {
-    if (!_data)
-      return;
-    _data->removeSlot(it.internal());
-  }
-
-  // Removes element at specified index.
-  FORCE_INLINE void remove(size_t index) const {
-    if (!_data)
-      return;
-    _data->removeElement(index);
-  }
-
-  void clear() const {
-    if (!_data)
-      return;
-    _data->clear();
-  }
-
- private:
-  MemoryPool* _pool;
-};
-
-template <>
-struct Converter<ArrayConstRef> {
-  static void toJson(VariantConstRef src, VariantRef dst) {
-    variantCopyFrom(getData(dst), getData(src), getPool(dst));
-  }
-
-  static ArrayConstRef fromJson(VariantConstRef src) {
-    return ArrayConstRef(variantAsArray(getData(src)));
-  }
-
-  static bool checkJson(VariantConstRef src) {
-    const VariantData* data = getData(src);
-    return data && data->isArray();
-  }
-};
-
-template <>
-struct Converter<ArrayRef> {
-  static void toJson(VariantConstRef src, VariantRef dst) {
-    variantCopyFrom(getData(dst), getData(src), getPool(dst));
-  }
-
-  static ArrayRef fromJson(VariantRef src) {
-    VariantData* data = getData(src);
-    MemoryPool* pool = getPool(src);
-    return ArrayRef(pool, data != 0 ? data->asArray() : 0);
-  }
-
-  static InvalidConversion<VariantConstRef, ArrayRef> fromJson(VariantConstRef);
-
-  static bool checkJson(VariantConstRef) {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  static bool checkJson(VariantRef src) {
-    VariantData* data = getData(src);
-    return data && data->isArray();
-  }
-};
-}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayShortcuts.hpp

@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
-// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
-// MIT License
-
-#pragma once
-
-#include <ArduinoJson/Polyfills/attributes.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Polyfills/type_traits.hpp>
-
-namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
-// Forward declarations.
-class ArrayRef;
-class ObjectRef;
-template <typename>
-class ElementProxy;
-
-template <typename TArray>
-class ArrayShortcuts {
- public:
-  // Returns the element at specified index if the variant is an array.
-  FORCE_INLINE ElementProxy<TArray> operator[](size_t index) const;
-
-  FORCE_INLINE ObjectRef createNestedObject() const;
-
-  FORCE_INLINE ArrayRef createNestedArray() const;
-
-  // Adds the specified value at the end of the array.
-  //
-  // bool add(TValue);
-  // TValue = bool, long, int, short, float, double, serialized, VariantRef,
-  //          std::string, String, ObjectRef
-  template <typename T>
-  FORCE_INLINE bool add(const T &value) const {
-    return impl()->addElement().set(value);
-  }
-  //
-  // bool add(TValue);
-  // TValue = char*, const char*, const __FlashStringHelper*
-  template <typename T>
-  FORCE_INLINE bool add(T *value) const {
-    return impl()->addElement().set(value);
-  }
-
- private:
-  const TArray *impl() const {
-    return static_cast<const TArray *>(this);
-  }
-};
-}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Array/ElementProxy.hpp

@@ -4,194 +4,57 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <ArduinoJson/Configuration.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantOperators.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantShortcuts.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantTo.hpp>
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#  pragma warning(push)
-#  pragma warning(disable : 4522)
-#endif
+#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantRefBase.hpp>
 
 namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 
-template <typename TArray>
-class ElementProxy : public VariantOperators<ElementProxy<TArray> >,
-                     public VariantShortcuts<ElementProxy<TArray> >,
-                     public Visitable,
-                     public VariantTag {
-  typedef ElementProxy<TArray> this_type;
+// A proxy class to get or set an element of an array.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/subscript/
+template <typename TUpstream>
+class ElementProxy : public VariantRefBase<ElementProxy<TUpstream> >,
+                     public VariantOperators<ElementProxy<TUpstream> > {
+  friend class VariantAttorney;
 
  public:
-  typedef VariantRef variant_type;
+  ElementProxy(TUpstream upstream, size_t index)
+      : _upstream(upstream), _index(index) {}
 
-  FORCE_INLINE ElementProxy(TArray array, size_t index)
-      : _array(array), _index(index) {}
+  ElementProxy(const ElementProxy& src)
+      : _upstream(src._upstream), _index(src._index) {}
 
-  FORCE_INLINE ElementProxy(const ElementProxy& src)
-      : _array(src._array), _index(src._index) {}
-
-  FORCE_INLINE this_type& operator=(const this_type& src) {
-    getOrAddUpstreamElement().set(src.as<VariantConstRef>());
+  FORCE_INLINE ElementProxy& operator=(const ElementProxy& src) {
+    this->set(src);
     return *this;
   }
 
-  // Replaces the value
-  //
-  // operator=(const TValue&)
-  // TValue = bool, long, int, short, float, double, serialized, VariantRef,
-  //          std::string, String, ArrayRef, ObjectRef
   template <typename T>
-  FORCE_INLINE this_type& operator=(const T& src) {
-    getOrAddUpstreamElement().set(src);
-    return *this;
-  }
-  //
-  // operator=(TValue)
-  // TValue = char*, const char*, const __FlashStringHelper*
-  template <typename T>
-  FORCE_INLINE this_type& operator=(T* src) {
-    getOrAddUpstreamElement().set(src);
+  FORCE_INLINE ElementProxy& operator=(const T& src) {
+    this->set(src);
     return *this;
   }
 
-  FORCE_INLINE void clear() const {
-    getUpstreamElement().clear();
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE bool isNull() const {
-    return getUpstreamElement().isNull();
-  }
-
   template <typename T>
-  FORCE_INLINE typename enable_if<!is_same<T, char*>::value, T>::type as()
-      const {
-    return getUpstreamElement().template as<T>();
-  }
-
-  template <typename T>
-  FORCE_INLINE typename enable_if<is_same<T, char*>::value, const char*>::type
-  ARDUINOJSON_DEPRECATED("Replace as<char*>() with as<const char*>()")
-      as() const {
-    return as<const char*>();
-  }
-
-  template <typename T>
-  FORCE_INLINE operator T() const {
-    return getUpstreamElement();
-  }
-
-  template <typename T>
-  FORCE_INLINE bool is() const {
-    return getUpstreamElement().template is<T>();
-  }
-
-  template <typename T>
-  FORCE_INLINE typename VariantTo<T>::type to() const {
-    return getOrAddUpstreamElement().template to<T>();
-  }
-
-  // Replaces the value
-  //
-  // bool set(const TValue&)
-  // TValue = bool, long, int, short, float, double, serialized, VariantRef,
-  //          std::string, String, ArrayRef, ObjectRef
-  template <typename TValue>
-  FORCE_INLINE bool set(const TValue& value) const {
-    return getOrAddUpstreamElement().set(value);
-  }
-  //
-  // bool set(TValue)
-  // TValue = char*, const char*, const __FlashStringHelper*
-  template <typename TValue>
-  FORCE_INLINE bool set(TValue* value) const {
-    return getOrAddUpstreamElement().set(value);
-  }
-
-  template <typename TVisitor>
-  typename TVisitor::result_type accept(TVisitor& visitor) const {
-    return getUpstreamElement().accept(visitor);
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE size_t size() const {
-    return getUpstreamElement().size();
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE size_t memoryUsage() const {
-    return getUpstreamElement().memoryUsage();
-  }
-
-  template <typename TNestedKey>
-  VariantRef getMember(TNestedKey* key) const {
-    return getUpstreamElement().getMember(key);
-  }
-
-  template <typename TNestedKey>
-  VariantRef getMember(const TNestedKey& key) const {
-    return getUpstreamElement().getMember(key);
-  }
-
-  template <typename TNestedKey>
-  VariantRef getOrAddMember(TNestedKey* key) const {
-    return getOrAddUpstreamElement().getOrAddMember(key);
-  }
-
-  template <typename TNestedKey>
-  VariantRef getOrAddMember(const TNestedKey& key) const {
-    return getOrAddUpstreamElement().getOrAddMember(key);
-  }
-
-  VariantRef addElement() const {
-    return getOrAddUpstreamElement().addElement();
-  }
-
-  VariantRef getElement(size_t index) const {
-    return getOrAddUpstreamElement().getElement(index);
-  }
-
-  VariantRef getOrAddElement(size_t index) const {
-    return getOrAddUpstreamElement().getOrAddElement(index);
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE void remove(size_t index) const {
-    getUpstreamElement().remove(index);
-  }
-  // remove(char*) const
-  // remove(const char*) const
-  // remove(const __FlashStringHelper*) const
-  template <typename TChar>
-  FORCE_INLINE typename enable_if<IsString<TChar*>::value>::type remove(
-      TChar* key) const {
-    getUpstreamElement().remove(key);
-  }
-  // remove(const std::string&) const
-  // remove(const String&) const
-  template <typename TString>
-  FORCE_INLINE typename enable_if<IsString<TString>::value>::type remove(
-      const TString& key) const {
-    getUpstreamElement().remove(key);
+  FORCE_INLINE ElementProxy& operator=(T* src) {
+    this->set(src);
+    return *this;
   }
 
  private:
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef getUpstreamElement() const {
-    return _array.getElement(_index);
+  FORCE_INLINE MemoryPool* getPool() const {
+    return VariantAttorney::getPool(_upstream);
   }
 
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef getOrAddUpstreamElement() const {
-    return _array.getOrAddElement(_index);
+  FORCE_INLINE VariantData* getData() const {
+    return variantGetElement(VariantAttorney::getData(_upstream), _index);
   }
 
-  friend void convertToJson(const this_type& src, VariantRef dst) {
-    dst.set(src.getUpstreamElement());
+  FORCE_INLINE VariantData* getOrCreateData() const {
+    return variantGetOrAddElement(VariantAttorney::getOrCreateData(_upstream),
+                                  _index, VariantAttorney::getPool(_upstream));
   }
 
-  TArray _array;
-  const size_t _index;
+  TUpstream _upstream;
+  size_t _index;
 };
 
 }  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE
-
-#ifdef _MSC_VER
-#  pragma warning(pop)
-#endif

src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArray.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ArduinoJson/Array/ElementProxy.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayConst.hpp>
+
+namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
+
+class JsonObject;
+
+// A reference to an array in a JsonDocument
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/
+class JsonArray : public VariantOperators<JsonArray> {
+  friend class VariantAttorney;
+
+ public:
+  typedef JsonArrayIterator iterator;
+
+  // Constructs an unbound reference.
+  FORCE_INLINE JsonArray() : _data(0), _pool(0) {}
+
+  // INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  FORCE_INLINE JsonArray(MemoryPool* pool, CollectionData* data)
+      : _data(data), _pool(pool) {}
+
+  // Returns a JsonVariant pointing to the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonvariant/
+  operator JsonVariant() {
+    void* data = _data;  // prevent warning cast-align
+    return JsonVariant(_pool, reinterpret_cast<VariantData*>(data));
+  }
+
+  // Returns a read-only reference to the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/
+  operator JsonArrayConst() const {
+    return JsonArrayConst(_data);
+  }
+
+  // Appends a new (null) element to the array.
+  // Returns a reference to the new element.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/add/
+  JsonVariant add() const {
+    if (!_data)
+      return JsonVariant();
+    return JsonVariant(_pool, _data->addElement(_pool));
+  }
+
+  // Appends a value to the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/add/
+  template <typename T>
+  FORCE_INLINE bool add(const T& value) const {
+    return add().set(value);
+  }
+
+  // Appends a value to the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/add/
+  template <typename T>
+  FORCE_INLINE bool add(T* value) const {
+    return add().set(value);
+  }
+
+  // Returns an iterator to the first element of the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/begin/
+  FORCE_INLINE iterator begin() const {
+    if (!_data)
+      return iterator();
+    return iterator(_pool, _data->head());
+  }
+
+  // Returns an iterator following the last element of the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/end/
+  FORCE_INLINE iterator end() const {
+    return iterator();
+  }
+
+  // Copies an array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/set/
+  FORCE_INLINE bool set(JsonArrayConst src) const {
+    if (!_data || !src._data)
+      return false;
+    return _data->copyFrom(*src._data, _pool);
+  }
+
+  // Compares the content of two arrays.
+  FORCE_INLINE bool operator==(JsonArray rhs) const {
+    return JsonArrayConst(_data) == JsonArrayConst(rhs._data);
+  }
+
+  // Removes the element at the specified iterator.
+  // ⚠️ Doesn't release the memory associated with the removed element.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/remove/
+  FORCE_INLINE void remove(iterator it) const {
+    if (!_data)
+      return;
+    _data->removeSlot(it._slot);
+  }
+
+  // Removes the element at the specified index.
+  // ⚠️ Doesn't release the memory associated with the removed element.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/remove/
+  FORCE_INLINE void remove(size_t index) const {
+    if (!_data)
+      return;
+    _data->removeElement(index);
+  }
+
+  // Removes all the elements of the array.
+  // ⚠️ Doesn't release the memory associated with the removed elements.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/clear/
+  void clear() const {
+    if (!_data)
+      return;
+    _data->clear();
+  }
+
+  // Gets or sets the element at the specified index.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/subscript/
+  FORCE_INLINE ElementProxy<JsonArray> operator[](size_t index) const {
+    return ElementProxy<JsonArray>(*this, index);
+  }
+
+  // Creates an object and appends it to the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/createnestedobject/
+  FORCE_INLINE JsonObject createNestedObject() const;
+
+  // Creates an array and appends it to the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/createnestedarray/
+  FORCE_INLINE JsonArray createNestedArray() const {
+    return add().to<JsonArray>();
+  }
+
+  operator JsonVariantConst() const {
+    return JsonVariantConst(collectionToVariant(_data));
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if the reference is unbound.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/isnull/
+  FORCE_INLINE bool isNull() const {
+    return _data == 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if the reference is bound.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/isnull/
+  FORCE_INLINE operator bool() const {
+    return _data != 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes occupied by the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/memoryusage/
+  FORCE_INLINE size_t memoryUsage() const {
+    return _data ? _data->memoryUsage() : 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the depth (nesting level) of the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/nesting/
+  FORCE_INLINE size_t nesting() const {
+    return variantNesting(collectionToVariant(_data));
+  }
+
+  // Returns the number of elements in the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarray/size/
+  FORCE_INLINE size_t size() const {
+    return _data ? _data->size() : 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MemoryPool* getPool() const {
+    return _pool;
+  }
+
+  VariantData* getData() const {
+    return collectionToVariant(_data);
+  }
+
+  VariantData* getOrCreateData() const {
+    return collectionToVariant(_data);
+  }
+
+  CollectionData* _data;
+  MemoryPool* _pool;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Converter<JsonArray> : private VariantAttorney {
+  static void toJson(JsonVariantConst src, JsonVariant dst) {
+    variantCopyFrom(getData(dst), getData(src), getPool(dst));
+  }
+
+  static JsonArray fromJson(JsonVariant src) {
+    VariantData* data = getData(src);
+    MemoryPool* pool = getPool(src);
+    return JsonArray(pool, data != 0 ? data->asArray() : 0);
+  }
+
+  static InvalidConversion<JsonVariantConst, JsonArray> fromJson(
+      JsonVariantConst);
+
+  static bool checkJson(JsonVariantConst) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  static bool checkJson(JsonVariant src) {
+    VariantData* data = getData(src);
+    return data && data->isArray();
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayConst.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayIterator.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantAttorney.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantData.hpp>
+
+namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
+
+class JsonObject;
+
+// A read-only reference to an array in a JsonDocument
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/
+class JsonArrayConst : public VariantOperators<JsonArrayConst> {
+  friend class JsonArray;
+  friend class VariantAttorney;
+
+ public:
+  typedef JsonArrayConstIterator iterator;
+
+  // Returns an iterator to the first element of the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/begin/
+  FORCE_INLINE iterator begin() const {
+    if (!_data)
+      return iterator();
+    return iterator(_data->head());
+  }
+
+  // Returns an iterator to the element following the last element of the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/end/
+  FORCE_INLINE iterator end() const {
+    return iterator();
+  }
+
+  // Creates an unbound reference.
+  FORCE_INLINE JsonArrayConst() : _data(0) {}
+
+  // INTERNAL USE ONLY
+  FORCE_INLINE JsonArrayConst(const CollectionData* data) : _data(data) {}
+
+  // Compares the content of two arrays.
+  // Returns true if the two arrays are equal.
+  FORCE_INLINE bool operator==(JsonArrayConst rhs) const {
+    if (_data == rhs._data)
+      return true;
+    if (!_data || !rhs._data)
+      return false;
+
+    iterator it1 = begin();
+    iterator it2 = rhs.begin();
+
+    for (;;) {
+      bool end1 = it1 == end();
+      bool end2 = it2 == rhs.end();
+      if (end1 && end2)
+        return true;
+      if (end1 || end2)
+        return false;
+      if (*it1 != *it2)
+        return false;
+      ++it1;
+      ++it2;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Returns the element at the specified index.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/subscript/
+  FORCE_INLINE JsonVariantConst operator[](size_t index) const {
+    return JsonVariantConst(_data ? _data->getElement(index) : 0);
+  }
+
+  operator JsonVariantConst() const {
+    return JsonVariantConst(collectionToVariant(_data));
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if the reference is unbound.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/isnull/
+  FORCE_INLINE bool isNull() const {
+    return _data == 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns true if the reference is bound.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/isnull/
+  FORCE_INLINE operator bool() const {
+    return _data != 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the number of bytes occupied by the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/memoryusage/
+  FORCE_INLINE size_t memoryUsage() const {
+    return _data ? _data->memoryUsage() : 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns the depth (nesting level) of the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/nesting/
+  FORCE_INLINE size_t nesting() const {
+    return variantNesting(collectionToVariant(_data));
+  }
+
+  // Returns the number of elements in the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsonarrayconst/size/
+  FORCE_INLINE size_t size() const {
+    return _data ? _data->size() : 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const VariantData* getData() const {
+    return collectionToVariant(_data);
+  }
+
+  const CollectionData* _data;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct Converter<JsonArrayConst> : private VariantAttorney {
+  static void toJson(JsonVariantConst src, JsonVariant dst) {
+    variantCopyFrom(getData(dst), getData(src), getPool(dst));
+  }
+
+  static JsonArrayConst fromJson(JsonVariantConst src) {
+    const VariantData* data = getData(src);
+    return data ? data->asArray() : 0;
+  }
+
+  static bool checkJson(JsonVariantConst src) {
+    const VariantData* data = getData(src);
+    return data && data->isArray();
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayImpl.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArray.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObject.hpp>
+
+namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
+
+inline JsonObject JsonArray::createNestedObject() const {
+  return add().to<JsonObject>();
+}
+
+template <typename TDerived>
+inline JsonArray VariantRefBase<TDerived>::createNestedArray() const {
+  return add().template to<JsonArray>();
+}
+
+template <typename TDerived>
+inline JsonObject VariantRefBase<TDerived>::createNestedObject() const {
+  return add().template to<JsonObject>();
+}
+
+template <typename TDerived>
+inline ElementProxy<TDerived> VariantRefBase<TDerived>::operator[](
+    size_t index) const {
+  return ElementProxy<TDerived>(derived(), index);
+}
+
+}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArrayIterator.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2022, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/JsonVariant.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/SlotFunctions.hpp>
+
+namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
+
+class VariantPtr {
+ public:
+  VariantPtr(MemoryPool* pool, VariantData* data) : _variant(pool, data) {}
+
+  JsonVariant* operator->() {
+    return &_variant;
+  }
+
+  JsonVariant& operator*() {
+    return _variant;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  JsonVariant _variant;
+};
+
+class JsonArrayIterator {
+  friend class JsonArray;
+
+ public:
+  JsonArrayIterator() : _slot(0) {}
+  explicit JsonArrayIterator(MemoryPool* pool, VariantSlot* slot)
+      : _pool(pool), _slot(slot) {}
+
+  JsonVariant operator*() const {
+    return JsonVariant(_pool, _slot->data());
+  }
+  VariantPtr operator->() {
+    return VariantPtr(_pool, _slot->data());
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const JsonArrayIterator& other) const {
+    return _slot == other._slot;
+  }
+
+  bool operator!=(const JsonArrayIterator& other) const {
+    return _slot != other._slot;
+  }
+
+  JsonArrayIterator& operator++() {
+    _slot = _slot->next();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  JsonArrayIterator& operator+=(size_t distance) {
+    _slot = _slot->next(distance);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  MemoryPool* _pool;
+  VariantSlot* _slot;
+};
+
+class VariantConstPtr {
+ public:
+  VariantConstPtr(const VariantData* data) : _variant(data) {}
+
+  JsonVariantConst* operator->() {
+    return &_variant;
+  }
+
+  JsonVariantConst& operator*() {
+    return _variant;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  JsonVariantConst _variant;
+};
+
+class JsonArrayConstIterator {
+  friend class JsonArray;
+
+ public:
+  JsonArrayConstIterator() : _slot(0) {}
+  explicit JsonArrayConstIterator(const VariantSlot* slot) : _slot(slot) {}
+
+  JsonVariantConst operator*() const {
+    return JsonVariantConst(_slot->data());
+  }
+  VariantConstPtr operator->() {
+    return VariantConstPtr(_slot->data());
+  }
+
+  bool operator==(const JsonArrayConstIterator& other) const {
+    return _slot == other._slot;
+  }
+
+  bool operator!=(const JsonArrayConstIterator& other) const {
+    return _slot != other._slot;
+  }
+
+  JsonArrayConstIterator& operator++() {
+    _slot = _slot->next();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  JsonArrayConstIterator& operator+=(size_t distance) {
+    _slot = _slot->next(distance);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  const VariantSlot* _slot;
+};
+}  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Array/Utilities.hpp

@@ -4,19 +4,21 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
-#include <ArduinoJson/Array/ArrayRef.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Array/JsonArray.hpp>
 #include <ArduinoJson/Document/JsonDocument.hpp>
 
 namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 
-// Trivial form to stop the recursion
+// Copies a value to a JsonVariant.
+// This is a degenerated form of copyArray() to stop the recursion.
 template <typename T>
 inline typename enable_if<!is_array<T>::value, bool>::type copyArray(
-    const T& src, VariantRef dst) {
+    const T& src, JsonVariant dst) {
   return dst.set(src);
 }
 
-// Copy array to a JsonArray/JsonVariant/MemberProxy/ElementProxy
+// Copies values from an array to a JsonArray or a JsonVariant.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/misc/copyarray/
 template <typename T, size_t N, typename TDestination>
 inline typename enable_if<!is_base_of<JsonDocument, TDestination>::value,
                           bool>::type
@@ -24,64 +26,72 @@ copyArray(T (&src)[N], const TDestination& dst) {
   return copyArray(src, N, dst);
 }
 
-// Copy ptr+size to a JsonArray/JsonVariant/MemberProxy/ElementProxy
+// Copies values from an array to a JsonArray or a JsonVariant.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/misc/copyarray/
 template <typename T, typename TDestination>
 inline typename enable_if<!is_base_of<JsonDocument, TDestination>::value,
                           bool>::type
 copyArray(const T* src, size_t len, const TDestination& dst) {
   bool ok = true;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
-    ok &= copyArray(src[i], dst.addElement());
+    ok &= copyArray(src[i], dst.add());
   }
   return ok;
 }
 
-// Special case for char[] which much be treated as const char*
+// Copies a string to a JsonVariant.
+// This is a degenerated form of copyArray() to handle strings.
 template <typename TDestination>
 inline bool copyArray(const char* src, size_t, const TDestination& dst) {
   return dst.set(src);
 }
 
-// Copy array to a JsonDocument
+// Copies values from an array to a JsonDocument.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/misc/copyarray/
 template <typename T>
 inline bool copyArray(const T& src, JsonDocument& dst) {
-  return copyArray(src, dst.to<ArrayRef>());
+  return copyArray(src, dst.to<JsonArray>());
 }
 
-// Copy a ptr+size array to a JsonDocument
+// Copies an array to a JsonDocument.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/misc/copyarray/
 template <typename T>
 inline bool copyArray(const T* src, size_t len, JsonDocument& dst) {
-  return copyArray(src, len, dst.to<ArrayRef>());
+  return copyArray(src, len, dst.to<JsonArray>());
 }
 
-// Trivial case form to stop the recursion
+// Copies a value from a JsonVariant.
+// This is a degenerated form of copyArray() to stop the recursion.
 template <typename T>
 inline typename enable_if<!is_array<T>::value, size_t>::type copyArray(
-    VariantConstRef src, T& dst) {
+    JsonVariantConst src, T& dst) {
   dst = src.as<T>();
   return 1;
 }
 
-// Copy a JsonArray to array
+// Copies values from a JsonArray or JsonVariant to an array.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/misc/copyarray/
 template <typename T, size_t N>
-inline size_t copyArray(ArrayConstRef src, T (&dst)[N]) {
+inline size_t copyArray(JsonArrayConst src, T (&dst)[N]) {
   return copyArray(src, dst, N);
 }
 
-// Copy a JsonArray to ptr+size
+// Copies values from a JsonArray or JsonVariant to an array.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/misc/copyarray/
 template <typename T>
-inline size_t copyArray(ArrayConstRef src, T* dst, size_t len) {
+inline size_t copyArray(JsonArrayConst src, T* dst, size_t len) {
   size_t i = 0;
-  for (ArrayConstRef::iterator it = src.begin(); it != src.end() && i < len;
+  for (JsonArrayConst::iterator it = src.begin(); it != src.end() && i < len;
        ++it)
     copyArray(*it, dst[i++]);
   return i;
 }
 
-// Special case for char[] which must be treated as a string
+// Copies a string from a JsonVariant.
+// This is a degenerated form of copyArray() to handle strings.
 template <size_t N>
-inline size_t copyArray(VariantConstRef src, char (&dst)[N]) {
-  String s = src;
+inline size_t copyArray(JsonVariantConst src, char (&dst)[N]) {
+  JsonString s = src;
   size_t len = N - 1;
   if (len > s.size())
     len = s.size();
@@ -90,14 +100,14 @@ inline size_t copyArray(VariantConstRef src, char (&dst)[N]) {
   return 1;
 }
 
-// Copy a JsonDocument to an array
-// (JsonDocument doesn't implicitly convert to JsonArrayConst)
+// Copies values from a JsonDocument to an array.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/misc/copyarray/
 template <typename TSource, typename T>
 inline typename enable_if<is_array<T>::value &&
                               is_base_of<JsonDocument, TSource>::value,
                           size_t>::type
 copyArray(const TSource& src, T& dst) {
-  return copyArray(src.template as<ArrayConstRef>(), dst);
+  return copyArray(src.template as<JsonArrayConst>(), dst);
 }
 
 }  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionData.hpp

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ class VariantData;
 class VariantSlot;
 
 class CollectionData {
-  VariantSlot *_head;
-  VariantSlot *_tail;
+  VariantSlot* _head;
+  VariantSlot* _tail;
 
  public:
   // Must be a POD!
@@ -28,27 +28,24 @@ class CollectionData {
 
   // Array only
 
-  VariantData *addElement(MemoryPool *pool);
+  VariantData* addElement(MemoryPool* pool);
 
-  VariantData *getElement(size_t index) const;
+  VariantData* getElement(size_t index) const;
 
-  VariantData *getOrAddElement(size_t index, MemoryPool *pool);
+  VariantData* getOrAddElement(size_t index, MemoryPool* pool);
 
   void removeElement(size_t index);
 
-  bool equalsArray(const CollectionData &other) const;
-
   // Object only
 
-  template <typename TAdaptedString, typename TStoragePolicy>
-  VariantData *addMember(TAdaptedString key, MemoryPool *pool, TStoragePolicy);
+  template <typename TAdaptedString>
+  VariantData* addMember(TAdaptedString key, MemoryPool* pool);
 
   template <typename TAdaptedString>
-  VariantData *getMember(TAdaptedString key) const;
+  VariantData* getMember(TAdaptedString key) const;
 
-  template <typename TAdaptedString, typename TStoragePolicy>
-  VariantData *getOrAddMember(TAdaptedString key, MemoryPool *pool,
-                              TStoragePolicy);
+  template <typename TAdaptedString>
+  VariantData* getOrAddMember(TAdaptedString key, MemoryPool* pool);
 
   template <typename TAdaptedString>
   void removeMember(TAdaptedString key) {
@@ -56,34 +53,42 @@ class CollectionData {
   }
 
   template <typename TAdaptedString>
-  bool containsKey(const TAdaptedString &key) const;
-
-  bool equalsObject(const CollectionData &other) const;
+  bool containsKey(const TAdaptedString& key) const;
 
   // Generic
 
   void clear();
   size_t memoryUsage() const;
-  size_t nesting() const;
   size_t size() const;
 
-  VariantSlot *addSlot(MemoryPool *);
-  void removeSlot(VariantSlot *slot);
+  VariantSlot* addSlot(MemoryPool*);
+  void removeSlot(VariantSlot* slot);
 
-  bool copyFrom(const CollectionData &src, MemoryPool *pool);
+  bool copyFrom(const CollectionData& src, MemoryPool* pool);
 
-  VariantSlot *head() const {
+  VariantSlot* head() const {
     return _head;
   }
 
   void movePointers(ptrdiff_t stringDistance, ptrdiff_t variantDistance);
 
  private:
-  VariantSlot *getSlot(size_t index) const;
+  VariantSlot* getSlot(size_t index) const;
 
   template <typename TAdaptedString>
-  VariantSlot *getSlot(TAdaptedString key) const;
+  VariantSlot* getSlot(TAdaptedString key) const;
 
-  VariantSlot *getPreviousSlot(VariantSlot *) const;
+  VariantSlot* getPreviousSlot(VariantSlot*) const;
 };
+
+inline const VariantData* collectionToVariant(
+    const CollectionData* collection) {
+  const void* data = collection;  // prevent warning cast-align
+  return reinterpret_cast<const VariantData*>(data);
+}
+
+inline VariantData* collectionToVariant(CollectionData* collection) {
+  void* data = collection;  // prevent warning cast-align
+  return reinterpret_cast<VariantData*>(data);
+}
 }  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Collection/CollectionImpl.hpp

@@ -11,16 +11,13 @@
 
 namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 
-inline bool variantEquals(const VariantData* a, const VariantData* b) {
-  return variantCompare(a, b) == COMPARE_RESULT_EQUAL;
-}
-
 inline VariantSlot* CollectionData::addSlot(MemoryPool* pool) {
   VariantSlot* slot = pool->allocVariant();
   if (!slot)
     return 0;
 
   if (_tail) {
+    ARDUINOJSON_ASSERT(pool->owns(_tail));  // Can't alter a linked array/object
     _tail->setNextNotNull(slot);
     _tail = slot;
   } else {
@@ -36,12 +33,11 @@ inline VariantData* CollectionData::addElement(MemoryPool* pool) {
   return slotData(addSlot(pool));
 }
 
-template <typename TAdaptedString, typename TStoragePolicy>
+template <typename TAdaptedString>
 inline VariantData* CollectionData::addMember(TAdaptedString key,
-                                              MemoryPool* pool,
-                                              TStoragePolicy storage) {
+                                              MemoryPool* pool) {
   VariantSlot* slot = addSlot(pool);
-  if (!slotSetKey(slot, key, pool, storage)) {
+  if (!slotSetKey(slot, key, pool)) {
     removeSlot(slot);
     return 0;
   }
@@ -64,8 +60,9 @@ inline bool CollectionData::copyFrom(const CollectionData& src,
   for (VariantSlot* s = src._head; s; s = s->next()) {
     VariantData* var;
     if (s->key() != 0) {
-      String key(s->key(), s->ownsKey() ? String::Copied : String::Linked);
-      var = addMember(adaptString(key), pool, getStringStoragePolicy(key));
+      JsonString key(s->key(),
+                     s->ownsKey() ? JsonString::Copied : JsonString::Linked);
+      var = addMember(adaptString(key), pool);
     } else {
       var = addElement(pool);
     }
@@ -77,33 +74,6 @@ inline bool CollectionData::copyFrom(const CollectionData& src,
   return true;
 }
 
-inline bool CollectionData::equalsObject(const CollectionData& other) const {
-  size_t count = 0;
-  for (VariantSlot* slot = _head; slot; slot = slot->next()) {
-    VariantData* v1 = slot->data();
-    VariantData* v2 = other.getMember(adaptString(slot->key()));
-    if (!variantEquals(v1, v2))
-      return false;
-    count++;
-  }
-  return count == other.size();
-}
-
-inline bool CollectionData::equalsArray(const CollectionData& other) const {
-  VariantSlot* s1 = _head;
-  VariantSlot* s2 = other._head;
-  for (;;) {
-    if (s1 == s2)
-      return true;
-    if (!s1 || !s2)
-      return false;
-    if (!variantEquals(s1->data(), s2->data()))
-      return false;
-    s1 = s1->next();
-    s2 = s2->next();
-  }
-}
-
 template <typename TAdaptedString>
 inline VariantSlot* CollectionData::getSlot(TAdaptedString key) const {
   if (key.isNull())
@@ -140,9 +110,9 @@ inline VariantData* CollectionData::getMember(TAdaptedString key) const {
   return slot ? slot->data() : 0;
 }
 
-template <typename TAdaptedString, typename TStoragePolicy>
-inline VariantData* CollectionData::getOrAddMember(
-    TAdaptedString key, MemoryPool* pool, TStoragePolicy storage_policy) {
+template <typename TAdaptedString>
+inline VariantData* CollectionData::getOrAddMember(TAdaptedString key,
+                                                   MemoryPool* pool) {
   // ignore null key
   if (key.isNull())
     return 0;
@@ -152,7 +122,7 @@ inline VariantData* CollectionData::getOrAddMember(
   if (slot)
     return slot->data();
 
-  return addMember(key, pool, storage_policy);
+  return addMember(key, pool);
 }
 
 inline VariantData* CollectionData::getElement(size_t index) const {
@@ -203,16 +173,6 @@ inline size_t CollectionData::memoryUsage() const {
   return total;
 }
 
-inline size_t CollectionData::nesting() const {
-  size_t maxChildNesting = 0;
-  for (VariantSlot* s = _head; s; s = s->next()) {
-    size_t childNesting = s->data()->nesting();
-    if (childNesting > maxChildNesting)
-      maxChildNesting = childNesting;
-  }
-  return maxChildNesting + 1;
-}
-
 inline size_t CollectionData::size() const {
   return slotSize(_head);
 }

src/ArduinoJson/Deserialization/DeserializationError.hpp

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
 
 #include <ArduinoJson/Misc/SafeBoolIdiom.hpp>
 #include <ArduinoJson/Namespace.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Polyfills/pgmspace_generic.hpp>
 #include <ArduinoJson/Polyfills/preprocessor.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Polyfills/static_array.hpp>
 
 #if ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STREAM
 #  include <ostream>
@@ -74,16 +74,16 @@ class DeserializationError : public SafeBoolIdom<DeserializationError> {
 
 #if ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_PROGMEM
   const __FlashStringHelper* f_str() const {
-    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_STATIC_ARRAY(char, s0, "Ok");
-    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_STATIC_ARRAY(char, s1, "EmptyInput");
-    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_STATIC_ARRAY(char, s2, "IncompleteInput");
-    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_STATIC_ARRAY(char, s3, "InvalidInput");
-    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_STATIC_ARRAY(char, s4, "NoMemory");
-    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_STATIC_ARRAY(char, s5, "TooDeep");
-    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_STATIC_ARRAY(
+    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_PROGMEM_ARRAY(char, s0, "Ok");
+    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_PROGMEM_ARRAY(char, s1, "EmptyInput");
+    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_PROGMEM_ARRAY(char, s2, "IncompleteInput");
+    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_PROGMEM_ARRAY(char, s3, "InvalidInput");
+    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_PROGMEM_ARRAY(char, s4, "NoMemory");
+    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_PROGMEM_ARRAY(char, s5, "TooDeep");
+    ARDUINOJSON_DEFINE_PROGMEM_ARRAY(
         const char*, messages, ARDUINOJSON_EXPAND6({s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5}));
-    return ARDUINOJSON_READ_STATIC_ARRAY(const __FlashStringHelper*, messages,
-                                         _code);
+    return reinterpret_cast<const __FlashStringHelper*>(
+        pgm_read(messages + _code));
   }
 #endif
 

src/ArduinoJson/Deserialization/Filter.hpp

@@ -10,18 +10,18 @@ namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 
 class Filter {
  public:
-  explicit Filter(VariantConstRef v) : _variant(v) {}
+  explicit Filter(JsonVariantConst v) : _variant(v) {}
 
   bool allow() const {
     return _variant;
   }
 
   bool allowArray() const {
-    return _variant == true || _variant.is<ArrayConstRef>();
+    return _variant == true || _variant.is<JsonArrayConst>();
   }
 
   bool allowObject() const {
-    return _variant == true || _variant.is<ObjectConstRef>();
+    return _variant == true || _variant.is<JsonObjectConst>();
   }
 
   bool allowValue() const {
@@ -32,12 +32,12 @@ class Filter {
   Filter operator[](const TKey& key) const {
     if (_variant == true)  // "true" means "allow recursively"
       return *this;
-    VariantConstRef member = _variant[key];
+    JsonVariantConst member = _variant[key];
     return Filter(member.isNull() ? _variant["*"] : member);
   }
 
  private:
-  VariantConstRef _variant;
+  JsonVariantConst _variant;
 };
 
 struct AllowAllFilter {

src/ArduinoJson/Deserialization/Readers/IteratorReader.hpp

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ class IteratorReader {
 
   size_t readBytes(char* buffer, size_t length) {
     size_t i = 0;
-    while (i < length && _ptr < _end) buffer[i++] = *_ptr++;
+    while (i < length && _ptr < _end)
+      buffer[i++] = *_ptr++;
     return i;
   }
 };

src/ArduinoJson/Deserialization/Readers/RamReader.hpp

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ struct Reader<TSource*,
   }
 
   size_t readBytes(char* buffer, size_t length) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) buffer[i] = *_ptr++;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
+      buffer[i] = *_ptr++;
     return length;
   }
 };

src/ArduinoJson/Deserialization/Readers/VariantReader.hpp

@@ -5,30 +5,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <ArduinoJson/Object/MemberProxy.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantRef.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/JsonVariantConst.hpp>
 
 namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 
-template <typename TArray>
-struct Reader<ElementProxy<TArray>, void> : Reader<char*, void> {
-  explicit Reader(const ElementProxy<TArray>& x)
+template <typename TVariant>
+struct Reader<TVariant, typename enable_if<IsVariant<TVariant>::value>::type>
+    : Reader<char*, void> {
+  explicit Reader(const TVariant& x)
       : Reader<char*, void>(x.template as<const char*>()) {}
 };
 
-template <typename TObject, typename TStringRef>
-struct Reader<MemberProxy<TObject, TStringRef>, void> : Reader<char*, void> {
-  explicit Reader(const MemberProxy<TObject, TStringRef>& x)
-      : Reader<char*, void>(x.template as<const char*>()) {}
-};
-
-template <>
-struct Reader<VariantRef, void> : Reader<char*, void> {
-  explicit Reader(VariantRef x) : Reader<char*, void>(x.as<const char*>()) {}
-};
-
-template <>
-struct Reader<VariantConstRef, void> : Reader<char*, void> {
-  explicit Reader(VariantConstRef x)
-      : Reader<char*, void>(x.as<const char*>()) {}
-};
 }  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Deserialization/deserialize.hpp

@@ -14,9 +14,10 @@ namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 
 template <template <typename, typename> class TDeserializer, typename TReader,
           typename TWriter>
-TDeserializer<TReader, TWriter> makeDeserializer(MemoryPool &pool,
+TDeserializer<TReader, TWriter> makeDeserializer(MemoryPool* pool,
                                                  TReader reader,
                                                  TWriter writer) {
+  ARDUINOJSON_ASSERT(pool != 0);
   return TDeserializer<TReader, TWriter>(pool, reader, writer);
 }
 
@@ -28,14 +29,15 @@ TDeserializer<TReader, TWriter> makeDeserializer(MemoryPool &pool,
 template <template <typename, typename> class TDeserializer, typename TString,
           typename TFilter>
 typename enable_if<!is_array<TString>::value, DeserializationError>::type
-deserialize(JsonDocument &doc, const TString &input, NestingLimit nestingLimit,
+deserialize(JsonDocument& doc, const TString& input, NestingLimit nestingLimit,
             TFilter filter) {
   Reader<TString> reader(input);
+  VariantData* data = VariantAttorney::getData(doc);
+  MemoryPool* pool = VariantAttorney::getPool(doc);
   doc.clear();
-  return makeDeserializer<TDeserializer>(
-             doc.memoryPool(), reader,
-             makeStringStorage(input, doc.memoryPool()))
-      .parse(doc.data(), filter, nestingLimit);
+  return makeDeserializer<TDeserializer>(pool, reader,
+                                         makeStringStorage(input, pool))
+      .parse(*data, filter, nestingLimit);
 }
 //
 // deserialize(JsonDocument&, char*, size_t, NestingLimit, Filter);
@@ -43,29 +45,31 @@ deserialize(JsonDocument &doc, const TString &input, NestingLimit nestingLimit,
 // deserialize(JsonDocument&, const __FlashStringHelper*, size_t, NL, Filter);
 template <template <typename, typename> class TDeserializer, typename TChar,
           typename TFilter>
-DeserializationError deserialize(JsonDocument &doc, TChar *input,
+DeserializationError deserialize(JsonDocument& doc, TChar* input,
                                  size_t inputSize, NestingLimit nestingLimit,
                                  TFilter filter) {
-  BoundedReader<TChar *> reader(input, inputSize);
+  BoundedReader<TChar*> reader(input, inputSize);
+  VariantData* data = VariantAttorney::getData(doc);
+  MemoryPool* pool = VariantAttorney::getPool(doc);
   doc.clear();
-  return makeDeserializer<TDeserializer>(
-             doc.memoryPool(), reader,
-             makeStringStorage(input, doc.memoryPool()))
-      .parse(doc.data(), filter, nestingLimit);
+  return makeDeserializer<TDeserializer>(pool, reader,
+                                         makeStringStorage(input, pool))
+      .parse(*data, filter, nestingLimit);
 }
 //
 // deserialize(JsonDocument&, std::istream&, NestingLimit, Filter);
 // deserialize(JsonDocument&, Stream&, NestingLimit, Filter);
 template <template <typename, typename> class TDeserializer, typename TStream,
           typename TFilter>
-DeserializationError deserialize(JsonDocument &doc, TStream &input,
+DeserializationError deserialize(JsonDocument& doc, TStream& input,
                                  NestingLimit nestingLimit, TFilter filter) {
   Reader<TStream> reader(input);
+  VariantData* data = VariantAttorney::getData(doc);
+  MemoryPool* pool = VariantAttorney::getPool(doc);
   doc.clear();
-  return makeDeserializer<TDeserializer>(
-             doc.memoryPool(), reader,
-             makeStringStorage(input, doc.memoryPool()))
-      .parse(doc.data(), filter, nestingLimit);
+  return makeDeserializer<TDeserializer>(pool, reader,
+                                         makeStringStorage(input, pool))
+      .parse(*data, filter, nestingLimit);
 }
 
 }  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Document/BasicJsonDocument.hpp

@@ -37,6 +37,8 @@ class AllocatorOwner {
   TAllocator _allocator;
 };
 
+// A JsonDocument that uses the provided allocator to allocate its memory pool.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/basicjsondocument/
 template <typename TAllocator>
 class BasicJsonDocument : AllocatorOwner<TAllocator>, public JsonDocument {
  public:
@@ -65,16 +67,16 @@ class BasicJsonDocument : AllocatorOwner<TAllocator>, public JsonDocument {
   BasicJsonDocument(
       const T& src,
       typename enable_if<
-          is_same<T, VariantRef>::value || is_same<T, VariantConstRef>::value ||
-          is_same<T, ArrayRef>::value || is_same<T, ArrayConstRef>::value ||
-          is_same<T, ObjectRef>::value ||
-          is_same<T, ObjectConstRef>::value>::type* = 0)
+          is_same<T, JsonVariant>::value ||
+          is_same<T, JsonVariantConst>::value || is_same<T, JsonArray>::value ||
+          is_same<T, JsonArrayConst>::value || is_same<T, JsonObject>::value ||
+          is_same<T, JsonObjectConst>::value>::type* = 0)
       : JsonDocument(allocPool(src.memoryUsage())) {
     set(src);
   }
 
   // disambiguate
-  BasicJsonDocument(VariantRef src)
+  BasicJsonDocument(JsonVariant src)
       : JsonDocument(allocPool(src.memoryUsage())) {
     set(src);
   }
@@ -104,6 +106,8 @@ class BasicJsonDocument : AllocatorOwner<TAllocator>, public JsonDocument {
     return *this;
   }
 
+  // Reduces the capacity of the memory pool to match the current usage.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/basicjsondocument/shrinktofit/
   void shrinkToFit() {
     ptrdiff_t bytes_reclaimed = _pool.squash();
     if (bytes_reclaimed == 0)
@@ -119,6 +123,8 @@ class BasicJsonDocument : AllocatorOwner<TAllocator>, public JsonDocument {
     _data.movePointers(ptr_offset, ptr_offset - bytes_reclaimed);
   }
 
+  // Reclaims the memory leaked when removing and replacing values.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/garbagecollect/
   bool garbageCollect() {
     // make a temporary clone and move assign
     BasicJsonDocument tmp(*this);
@@ -146,7 +152,7 @@ class BasicJsonDocument : AllocatorOwner<TAllocator>, public JsonDocument {
   }
 
   void freePool() {
-    this->deallocate(memoryPool().buffer());
+    this->deallocate(getPool()->buffer());
   }
 
   void copyAssignFrom(const JsonDocument& src) {

src/ArduinoJson/Document/DynamicJsonDocument.hpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 
+// The allocator of DynamicJsonDocument.
 struct DefaultAllocator {
   void* allocate(size_t size) {
     return malloc(size);
@@ -24,6 +25,8 @@ struct DefaultAllocator {
   }
 };
 
+// A JsonDocument with a memory pool in the heap.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/dynamicjsondocument/
 typedef BasicJsonDocument<DefaultAllocator> DynamicJsonDocument;
 
 }  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Document/JsonDocument.hpp

@@ -6,152 +6,169 @@
 
 #include <ArduinoJson/Array/ElementProxy.hpp>
 #include <ArduinoJson/Memory/MemoryPool.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Object/JsonObject.hpp>
 #include <ArduinoJson/Object/MemberProxy.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Object/ObjectRef.hpp>
 #include <ArduinoJson/Strings/StoragePolicy.hpp>
-#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantRef.hpp>
+#include <ArduinoJson/Variant/JsonVariantConst.hpp>
 #include <ArduinoJson/Variant/VariantTo.hpp>
 
 namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 
-class JsonDocument : public Visitable,
-                     public VariantOperators<const JsonDocument&> {
- public:
-  template <typename TVisitor>
-  typename TVisitor::result_type accept(TVisitor& visitor) const {
-    return getVariant().accept(visitor);
-  }
+// A JSON document.
+// https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/
+class JsonDocument : public VariantOperators<const JsonDocument&> {
+  friend class VariantAttorney;
 
+ public:
+  // Casts the root to the specified type.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/as/
   template <typename T>
   T as() {
     return getVariant().template as<T>();
   }
 
+  // Casts the root to the specified type.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/as/
   template <typename T>
   T as() const {
     return getVariant().template as<T>();
   }
 
+  // Empties the document and resets the memory pool
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/clear/
   void clear() {
     _pool.clear();
     _data.init();
   }
 
+  // Returns true if the root is of the specified type.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/is/
   template <typename T>
   bool is() {
     return getVariant().template is<T>();
   }
 
+  // Returns true if the root is of the specified type.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/is/
   template <typename T>
   bool is() const {
     return getVariant().template is<T>();
   }
 
+  // Returns true if the root is null.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/isnull/
   bool isNull() const {
     return getVariant().isNull();
   }
 
+  // Returns the number of used bytes in the memory pool.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/memoryusage/
   size_t memoryUsage() const {
     return _pool.size();
   }
 
+  // Returns trues if the memory pool was too small.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/overflowed/
   bool overflowed() const {
     return _pool.overflowed();
   }
 
+  // Returns the depth (nesting level) of the array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/nesting/
   size_t nesting() const {
-    return _data.nesting();
+    return variantNesting(&_data);
   }
 
+  // Returns the capacity of the memory pool.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/capacity/
   size_t capacity() const {
     return _pool.capacity();
   }
 
+  // Returns the number of elements in the root array or object.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/size/
   size_t size() const {
     return _data.size();
   }
 
+  // Copies the specified document.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/set/
   bool set(const JsonDocument& src) {
-    return to<VariantRef>().set(src.as<VariantConstRef>());
+    return to<JsonVariant>().set(src.as<JsonVariantConst>());
   }
 
+  // Replaces the root with the specified value.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/set/
   template <typename T>
   typename enable_if<!is_base_of<JsonDocument, T>::value, bool>::type set(
       const T& src) {
-    return to<VariantRef>().set(src);
+    return to<JsonVariant>().set(src);
   }
 
+  // Clears the document and converts it to the specified type.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/to/
   template <typename T>
   typename VariantTo<T>::type to() {
     clear();
     return getVariant().template to<T>();
   }
 
-  // for internal use only
-  MemoryPool& memoryPool() {
-    return _pool;
+  // Creates an array and appends it to the root array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/createnestedarray/
+  JsonArray createNestedArray() {
+    return add().to<JsonArray>();
   }
 
-  // for internal use only
-  VariantData& data() {
-    return _data;
-  }
-
-  ArrayRef createNestedArray() {
-    return addElement().to<ArrayRef>();
-  }
-
-  // createNestedArray(char*)
-  // createNestedArray(const char*)
-  // createNestedArray(const __FlashStringHelper*)
+  // Creates an array and adds it to the root object.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/createnestedarray/
   template <typename TChar>
-  ArrayRef createNestedArray(TChar* key) {
-    return getOrAddMember(key).template to<ArrayRef>();
+  JsonArray createNestedArray(TChar* key) {
+    return operator[](key).template to<JsonArray>();
   }
 
-  // createNestedArray(const std::string&)
-  // createNestedArray(const String&)
+  // Creates an array and adds it to the root object.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/createnestedarray/
   template <typename TString>
-  ArrayRef createNestedArray(const TString& key) {
-    return getOrAddMember(key).template to<ArrayRef>();
+  JsonArray createNestedArray(const TString& key) {
+    return operator[](key).template to<JsonArray>();
   }
 
-  ObjectRef createNestedObject() {
-    return addElement().to<ObjectRef>();
+  // Creates an object and appends it to the root array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/createnestedobject/
+  JsonObject createNestedObject() {
+    return add().to<JsonObject>();
   }
 
-  // createNestedObject(char*)
-  // createNestedObject(const char*)
-  // createNestedObject(const __FlashStringHelper*)
+  // Creates an object and adds it to the root object.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/createnestedobject/
   template <typename TChar>
-  ObjectRef createNestedObject(TChar* key) {
-    return getOrAddMember(key).template to<ObjectRef>();
+  JsonObject createNestedObject(TChar* key) {
+    return operator[](key).template to<JsonObject>();
   }
 
-  // createNestedObject(const std::string&)
-  // createNestedObject(const String&)
+  // Creates an object and adds it to the root object.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/createnestedobject/
   template <typename TString>
-  ObjectRef createNestedObject(const TString& key) {
-    return getOrAddMember(key).template to<ObjectRef>();
+  JsonObject createNestedObject(const TString& key) {
+    return operator[](key).template to<JsonObject>();
   }
 
-  // containsKey(char*) const
-  // containsKey(const char*) const
-  // containsKey(const __FlashStringHelper*) const
+  // Returns true if the root object contains the specified key.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/containskey/
   template <typename TChar>
   bool containsKey(TChar* key) const {
-    return !getMember(key).isUnbound();
+    return _data.getMember(adaptString(key)) != 0;
   }
 
-  // containsKey(const std::string&) const
-  // containsKey(const String&) const
+  // Returns true if the root object contains the specified key.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/containskey/
   template <typename TString>
   bool containsKey(const TString& key) const {
-    return !getMember(key).isUnbound();
+    return _data.getMember(adaptString(key)) != 0;
   }
 
-  // operator[](const std::string&)
-  // operator[](const String&)
+  // Gets or sets a root object's member.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/subscript/
   template <typename TString>
   FORCE_INLINE typename enable_if<IsString<TString>::value,
                                   MemberProxy<JsonDocument&, TString> >::type
@@ -159,9 +176,8 @@ class JsonDocument : public Visitable,
     return MemberProxy<JsonDocument&, TString>(*this, key);
   }
 
-  // operator[](char*)
-  // operator[](const char*)
-  // operator[](const __FlashStringHelper*)
+  // Gets or sets a root object's member.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/subscript/
   template <typename TChar>
   FORCE_INLINE typename enable_if<IsString<TChar*>::value,
                                   MemberProxy<JsonDocument&, TChar*> >::type
@@ -169,138 +185,87 @@ class JsonDocument : public Visitable,
     return MemberProxy<JsonDocument&, TChar*>(*this, key);
   }
 
-  // operator[](const std::string&) const
-  // operator[](const String&) const
+  // Gets a root object's member.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/subscript/
   template <typename TString>
   FORCE_INLINE
-      typename enable_if<IsString<TString>::value, VariantConstRef>::type
+      typename enable_if<IsString<TString>::value, JsonVariantConst>::type
       operator[](const TString& key) const {
-    return getMember(key);
+    return JsonVariantConst(_data.getMember(adaptString(key)));
   }
 
-  // operator[](char*) const
-  // operator[](const char*) const
-  // operator[](const __FlashStringHelper*) const
+  // Gets a root object's member.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/subscript/
   template <typename TChar>
   FORCE_INLINE
-      typename enable_if<IsString<TChar*>::value, VariantConstRef>::type
+      typename enable_if<IsString<TChar*>::value, JsonVariantConst>::type
       operator[](TChar* key) const {
-    return getMember(key);
+    return JsonVariantConst(_data.getMember(adaptString(key)));
   }
 
+  // Gets or sets a root array's element.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/subscript/
   FORCE_INLINE ElementProxy<JsonDocument&> operator[](size_t index) {
     return ElementProxy<JsonDocument&>(*this, index);
   }
 
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantConstRef operator[](size_t index) const {
-    return getElement(index);
+  // Gets a root array's member.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/subscript/
+  FORCE_INLINE JsonVariantConst operator[](size_t index) const {
+    return JsonVariantConst(_data.getElement(index));
   }
 
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef getElement(size_t index) {
-    return VariantRef(&_pool, _data.getElement(index));
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantConstRef getElement(size_t index) const {
-    return VariantConstRef(_data.getElement(index));
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef getOrAddElement(size_t index) {
-    return VariantRef(&_pool, _data.getOrAddElement(index, &_pool));
-  }
-
-  // JsonVariantConst getMember(char*) const
-  // JsonVariantConst getMember(const char*) const
-  // JsonVariantConst getMember(const __FlashStringHelper*) const
-  template <typename TChar>
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantConstRef getMember(TChar* key) const {
-    return VariantConstRef(_data.getMember(adaptString(key)));
-  }
-
-  // JsonVariantConst getMember(const std::string&) const
-  // JsonVariantConst getMember(const String&) const
-  template <typename TString>
-  FORCE_INLINE
-      typename enable_if<IsString<TString>::value, VariantConstRef>::type
-      getMember(const TString& key) const {
-    return VariantConstRef(_data.getMember(adaptString(key)));
-  }
-
-  // JsonVariant getMember(char*)
-  // JsonVariant getMember(const char*)
-  // JsonVariant getMember(const __FlashStringHelper*)
-  template <typename TChar>
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef getMember(TChar* key) {
-    return VariantRef(&_pool, _data.getMember(adaptString(key)));
-  }
-
-  // JsonVariant getMember(const std::string&)
-  // JsonVariant getMember(const String&)
-  template <typename TString>
-  FORCE_INLINE typename enable_if<IsString<TString>::value, VariantRef>::type
-  getMember(const TString& key) {
-    return VariantRef(&_pool, _data.getMember(adaptString(key)));
-  }
-
-  // getOrAddMember(char*)
-  // getOrAddMember(const char*)
-  // getOrAddMember(const __FlashStringHelper*)
-  template <typename TChar>
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef getOrAddMember(TChar* key) {
-    return VariantRef(&_pool,
-                      _data.getOrAddMember(adaptString(key), &_pool,
-                                           getStringStoragePolicy(key)));
-  }
-
-  // getOrAddMember(const std::string&)
-  // getOrAddMember(const String&)
-  template <typename TString>
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef getOrAddMember(const TString& key) {
-    return VariantRef(&_pool,
-                      _data.getOrAddMember(adaptString(key), &_pool,
-                                           getStringStoragePolicy(key)));
-  }
-
-  FORCE_INLINE VariantRef addElement() {
-    return VariantRef(&_pool, _data.addElement(&_pool));
+  // Appends a new (null) element to the root array.
+  // Returns a reference to the new element.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/add/
+  FORCE_INLINE JsonVariant add() {
+    return JsonVariant(&_pool, _data.addElement(&_pool));
   }
 
+  // Appends a value to the root array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/add/
   template <typename TValue>
   FORCE_INLINE bool add(const TValue& value) {
-    return addElement().set(value);
+    return add().set(value);
   }
 
-  // add(char*) const
-  // add(const char*) const
-  // add(const __FlashStringHelper*) const
+  // Appends a value to the root array.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/add/
   template <typename TChar>
   FORCE_INLINE bool add(TChar* value) {
-    return addElement().set(value);
+    return add().set(value);
   }
 
+  // Removes an element of the root array.
+  // ⚠️ Doesn't release the memory associated with the removed element.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/remove/
   FORCE_INLINE void remove(size_t index) {
     _data.remove(index);
   }
-  // remove(char*)
-  // remove(const char*)
-  // remove(const __FlashStringHelper*)
+
+  // Removes a member of the root object.
+  // ⚠️ Doesn't release the memory associated with the removed element.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/remove/
   template <typename TChar>
   FORCE_INLINE typename enable_if<IsString<TChar*>::value>::type remove(
       TChar* key) {
     _data.remove(adaptString(key));
   }
-  // remove(const std::string&)
-  // remove(const String&)
+
+  // Removes a member of the root object.
+  // ⚠️ Doesn't release the memory associated with the removed element.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/remove/
   template <typename TString>
   FORCE_INLINE typename enable_if<IsString<TString>::value>::type remove(
       const TString& key) {
     _data.remove(adaptString(key));
   }
 
-  FORCE_INLINE operator VariantRef() {
+  FORCE_INLINE operator JsonVariant() {
     return getVariant();
   }
 
-  FORCE_INLINE operator VariantConstRef() const {
+  FORCE_INLINE operator JsonVariantConst() const {
     return getVariant();
   }
 
@@ -323,12 +288,12 @@ class JsonDocument : public Visitable,
     _pool = pool;
   }
 
-  VariantRef getVariant() {
-    return VariantRef(&_pool, &_data);
+  JsonVariant getVariant() {
+    return JsonVariant(&_pool, &_data);
   }
 
-  VariantConstRef getVariant() const {
-    return VariantConstRef(&_data);
+  JsonVariantConst getVariant() const {
+    return JsonVariantConst(&_data);
   }
 
   MemoryPool _pool;
@@ -337,10 +302,27 @@ class JsonDocument : public Visitable,
  private:
   JsonDocument(const JsonDocument&);
   JsonDocument& operator=(const JsonDocument&);
+
+ protected:
+  MemoryPool* getPool() {
+    return &_pool;
+  }
+
+  VariantData* getData() {
+    return &_data;
+  }
+
+  const VariantData* getData() const {
+    return &_data;
+  }
+
+  VariantData* getOrCreateData() {
+    return &_data;
+  }
 };
 
-inline void convertToJson(const JsonDocument& src, VariantRef dst) {
-  dst.set(src.as<VariantConstRef>());
+inline void convertToJson(const JsonDocument& src, JsonVariant dst) {
+  dst.set(src.as<JsonVariantConst>());
 }
 
 }  // namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE

src/ArduinoJson/Document/StaticJsonDocument.hpp

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 namespace ARDUINOJSON_NAMESPACE {
 
+// A JsonDocument with a memory pool on the stack.
 template <size_t desiredCapacity>
 class StaticJsonDocument : public JsonDocument {
   static const size_t _capacity =
@@ -22,14 +23,15 @@ class StaticJsonDocument : public JsonDocument {
   }
 
   template <typename T>
-  StaticJsonDocument(const T& src,
-                     typename enable_if<IsVisitable<T>::value>::type* = 0)
+  StaticJsonDocument(
+      const T& src,
+      typename enable_if<is_convertible<T, JsonVariantConst>::value>::type* = 0)
       : JsonDocument(_buffer, _capacity) {
     set(src);
   }
 
   // disambiguate
-  StaticJsonDocument(VariantRef src) : JsonDocument(_buffer, _capacity) {
+  StaticJsonDocument(JsonVariant src) : JsonDocument(_buffer, _capacity) {
     set(src);
   }
 
@@ -44,6 +46,8 @@ class StaticJsonDocument : public JsonDocument {
     return *this;
   }
 
+  // Reclaims the memory leaked when removing and replacing values.
+  // https://arduinojson.org/v6/api/jsondocument/garbagecollect/
   void garbageCollect() {
     StaticJsonDocument tmp(*this);
     set(tmp);