diff --git a/main/actions/qraction.cpp b/main/actions/qraction.cpp
index cc0e67a..81195db 100644
--- a/main/actions/qraction.cpp
+++ b/main/actions/qraction.cpp
@@ -1,39 +1 @@
 #include "qraction.h"
-
-#include <actioninterface.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <screenmanager.h>
-#include "displays/qrdisplay.h"
-#include "displays/qrimportdisplay.h"
-
-using namespace espgui;
-
-SwitchQrDisplayAction::SwitchQrDisplayAction(const qraction::QrMenu &qrmenu) :
-    m_msg{qrmenu.message}
-{
-}
-
-SwitchQrDisplayAction::SwitchQrDisplayAction(qraction::QrMenu &&qrmenu) :
-    m_msg{std::move(qrmenu.message)}
-{
-}
-
-void SwitchQrDisplayAction::triggered()
-{
-    switchScreen<QrDisplay>(m_msg);
-}
-
-SwitchQrImportDisplayAction::SwitchQrImportDisplayAction(const std::string &nvskey) :
-    m_nvskey{nvskey}
-{
-}
-
-SwitchQrImportDisplayAction::SwitchQrImportDisplayAction(std::string &&nvskey) :
-    m_nvskey{std::move(nvskey)}
-{
-}
-
-void SwitchQrImportDisplayAction::triggered()
-{
-    switchScreen<QrImportDisplay>(std::move(m_nvskey));
-}
diff --git a/main/actions/qraction.h b/main/actions/qraction.h
index 0813a9b..64b72c7 100644
--- a/main/actions/qraction.h
+++ b/main/actions/qraction.h
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <actioninterface.h>
+// system includes
 #include <string>
 
+// 3rdparty lib includes
+#include <actioninterface.h>
+
+// local includes
 #include "actions/qraction.h"
+#include "displays/qrdisplay.h"
+#include "displays/qrimportdisplay.h"
 
 namespace qraction {
 struct QrMenu {
@@ -12,24 +18,32 @@ struct QrMenu {
 };
 } // namespace
 
+template<typename TMenu>
 class SwitchQrDisplayAction : public virtual espgui::ActionInterface
 {
 public:
-    explicit SwitchQrDisplayAction(const qraction::QrMenu &qrmenu);
-    explicit SwitchQrDisplayAction(qraction::QrMenu &&qrmenu);
+    explicit SwitchQrDisplayAction(const qraction::QrMenu &qrmenu) : m_msg{qrmenu.message} {}
+    explicit SwitchQrDisplayAction(qraction::QrMenu &&qrmenu) : m_msg{std::move(qrmenu.message)} {}
 
-    void triggered() override;
+    void triggered() override
+    {
+        espgui::switchScreen<QrDisplay<TMenu>>(m_msg);
+    }
 private:
     std::string m_msg;
 };
 
+template<typename TMenu>
 class SwitchQrImportDisplayAction : public virtual espgui::ActionInterface
 {
 public:
-    explicit SwitchQrImportDisplayAction(const std::string &nvskey);
-    explicit SwitchQrImportDisplayAction(std::string &&nvskey);
+    explicit SwitchQrImportDisplayAction(const std::string &nvskey) : m_nvskey{nvskey} {}
+    explicit SwitchQrImportDisplayAction(std::string &&nvskey) : m_nvskey{std::move(nvskey)} {}
 
-    void triggered() override;
+    void triggered() override
+    {
+        espgui::switchScreen<QrImportDisplay<TMenu>>(std::move(m_nvskey));
+    }
 private:
     std::string m_nvskey;
 };
diff --git a/main/displays/menus/greenpassmenu.cpp b/main/displays/menus/greenpassmenu.cpp
index 55c6294..fe56317 100644
--- a/main/displays/menus/greenpassmenu.cpp
+++ b/main/displays/menus/greenpassmenu.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ public:
         }
         else
         {
-            espgui::switchScreen<QrDisplay>(m_qrmenu.message);
+            espgui::switchScreen<QrDisplay<GreenPassMenu>>(m_qrmenu.message);
         }
     }
 private:
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ GreenPassMenu::GreenPassMenu()
         }
         else
         {
-            constructMenuItem<makeComponentArgs<MenuItem, SwitchQrImportDisplayAction, StaticText<TEXT_ADDCERT>>>(std::move(nvs_key));
+            constructMenuItem<makeComponentArgs<MenuItem, SwitchQrImportDisplayAction<GreenPassMenu>, StaticText<TEXT_ADDCERT>>>(std::move(nvs_key));
         }
     }
     constructMenuItem<makeComponent<MenuItem, StaticText<TEXT_DELCERT>, BobbyCheckbox, DeleteModeAccessor>>();
diff --git a/main/displays/qrdisplay.cpp b/main/displays/qrdisplay.cpp
index 461182d..c7f8cc3 100644
--- a/main/displays/qrdisplay.cpp
+++ b/main/displays/qrdisplay.cpp
@@ -1,19 +1,5 @@
 #include "qrdisplay.h"
 
-// 3rd party libs
-#include <tftinstance.h>
-#include <screenmanager.h>
-
-// local includes
-#include "displays/menus/greenpassmenu.h"
-
-using namespace espgui;
-
-QrDisplay::QrDisplay(std::string_view msg) :
-    m_msg{msg}
-{
-}
-
 uint16_t get_qrver_from_strlen(std::string_view str)
 {
     // alpha numeric, ECC Level M
@@ -100,42 +86,3 @@ uint16_t get_qrver_from_strlen(std::string_view str)
     else
         return 40;
 }
-
-void QrDisplay::initScreen()
-{
-    QRCode qrcode;
-    const auto ver = get_qrver_from_strlen(m_msg);
-    uint8_t qrcodeBytes[qrcode_getBufferSize(ver)];
-    qrcode_initText(&qrcode, qrcodeBytes, ver, ECC_MEDIUM, m_msg.data());
-
-    const uint8_t multiplier = (tft.width() - 9) / qrcode.size;
-    const uint8_t x_offset = (tft.width() - qrcode.size * multiplier) / 2;
-    const uint8_t y_offset = (tft.height() - qrcode.size * multiplier) / 2;
-
-    tft.fillScreen(TFT_WHITE);
-
-    for (uint8_t y = 0; y < qrcode.size; y++) {
-        for (uint8_t x = 0; x < qrcode.size; x++) {
-            if (qrcode_getModule(&qrcode, x, y))
-            {
-                tft.fillRect(x*multiplier+x_offset,y*multiplier+y_offset, multiplier, multiplier, TFT_BLACK);
-            } else {
-                tft.fillRect(x*multiplier+x_offset,y*multiplier+y_offset, multiplier, multiplier, TFT_WHITE);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void QrDisplay::buttonPressed(espgui::Button button)
-{
-    Base::buttonPressed(button);
-
-    switch (button)
-    {
-    case espgui::Button::Left:
-    case espgui::Button::Right:
-        switchScreen<GreenPassMenu>();
-        break;
-    default:;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/main/displays/qrdisplay.h b/main/displays/qrdisplay.h
index 353a816..61de52f 100644
--- a/main/displays/qrdisplay.h
+++ b/main/displays/qrdisplay.h
@@ -1,23 +1,63 @@
 #pragma once
 
 // 3rd party includes
+#include <tftinstance.h>
 #include <qrcode.h>
 
 // local includes
 #include "bobbydisplay.h"
+#include "screenmanager.h"
 
 uint16_t get_qrver_from_strlen(std::string_view str);
 
+template<typename TMenu>
 class QrDisplay : public BobbyDisplay
 {
     using Base = BobbyDisplay;
 
 public:
-    explicit QrDisplay(std::string_view msg);
+    explicit QrDisplay(std::string_view msg) : m_msg{msg} {}
 
-    void initScreen() override;
+    void initScreen() override
+    {
+        using namespace espgui;
+        QRCode qrcode;
+        const auto ver = get_qrver_from_strlen(m_msg);
+        uint8_t qrcodeBytes[qrcode_getBufferSize(ver)];
+        qrcode_initText(&qrcode, qrcodeBytes, ver, ECC_MEDIUM, m_msg.data());
 
-    void buttonPressed(espgui::Button button) override;
+        const uint8_t multiplier = (tft.width() - 9) / qrcode.size;
+        const uint8_t x_offset = (tft.width() - qrcode.size * multiplier) / 2;
+        const uint8_t y_offset = (tft.height() - qrcode.size * multiplier) / 2;
+
+        tft.fillScreen(TFT_WHITE);
+
+        for (uint8_t y = 0; y < qrcode.size; y++) {
+            for (uint8_t x = 0; x < qrcode.size; x++) {
+                if (qrcode_getModule(&qrcode, x, y))
+                {
+                    tft.fillRect(x*multiplier+x_offset,y*multiplier+y_offset, multiplier, multiplier, TFT_BLACK);
+                } else {
+                    tft.fillRect(x*multiplier+x_offset,y*multiplier+y_offset, multiplier, multiplier, TFT_WHITE);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void buttonPressed(espgui::Button button) override
+    {
+        using namespace espgui;
+        Base::buttonPressed(button);
+
+        switch (button)
+        {
+            case espgui::Button::Left:
+            case espgui::Button::Right:
+                switchScreen<TMenu>();
+                break;
+            default:;
+        }
+    }
 
 private:
     std::string_view m_msg;
diff --git a/main/displays/qrimportdisplay.cpp b/main/displays/qrimportdisplay.cpp
index 6eeb53c..e69de29 100644
--- a/main/displays/qrimportdisplay.cpp
+++ b/main/displays/qrimportdisplay.cpp
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-constexpr const char * const TAG = "qrimport";
-#include "qrimportdisplay.h"
-
-// 3rd party includes
-#include <screenmanager.h>
-#include <fmt/format.h>
-#include <esp_log.h>
-
-// displays/menus includes
-#include "displays/menus/greenpassmenu.h"
-#include "bobbyerrorhandler.h"
-
-// local includes
-#include "qrimport.h"
-
-using namespace espgui;
-
-QrImportDisplay::QrImportDisplay(const std::string &nvs_key) :
-    m_nvs_key{nvs_key}
-{
-}
-
-QrImportDisplay::QrImportDisplay(std::string &&nvs_key) :
-    m_nvs_key{std::move(nvs_key)}
-{
-}
-
-void QrImportDisplay::start()
-{
-    Base::start();
-
-    m_statuslabel.start();
-
-    qrimport::setup_request();
-
-    if (const auto result = qrimport::start_qr_request(); result)
-    {
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "started request, waiting for result");
-        m_waitingForResult = true;
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "could not start request: %.*s", result.error().size(), result.error().data());
-        m_result = tl::make_unexpected(std::move(result).error());
-    }
-}
-
-void QrImportDisplay::update()
-{
-    Base::update();
-
-    if (!m_waitingForResult)
-        return;
-
-    if (qrimport::get_request_running())
-        return;
-
-    m_waitingForResult = false;
-
-    m_result = qrimport::check_request();
-    if (m_result)
-    {
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%.*s => %.*s", m_nvs_key.size(), m_nvs_key.data(), m_result->size(), m_result->data());
-        if (const auto result = qrimport::set_qr_code(m_nvs_key, *m_result); !result)
-            m_result = tl::make_unexpected(fmt::format("saving qr failed: {}", esp_err_to_name(result.error())));
-    }
-    else
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "failed %.*s => %.*s", m_nvs_key.size(), m_nvs_key.data(), m_result.error().size(), m_result.error().data());
-}
-
-void QrImportDisplay::redraw()
-{
-    Base::redraw();
-
-    if (m_waitingForResult)
-    {
-        tft.setTextColor(TFT_YELLOW, TFT_BLACK);
-        m_statuslabel.redraw("In progress");
-    }
-    else if (!m_result && !m_result.error().empty())
-    {
-        tft.setTextColor(TFT_RED, TFT_BLACK);
-        BobbyErrorHandler{}.errorOccured(fmt::format("Error: {}", m_result.error()));
-        m_result.error().clear();
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        tft.setTextColor(TFT_GREEN, TFT_BLACK);
-        m_statuslabel.redraw("OK");
-        switchScreen<GreenPassMenu>();
-    }
-}
-
-void QrImportDisplay::buttonPressed(espgui::Button button)
-{
-    Base::buttonPressed(button);
-
-    switch (button)
-    {
-    using espgui::Button;
-    case Button::Left:
-        if (!m_waitingForResult)
-            switchScreen<GreenPassMenu>();
-        else
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "tried to leave while waiting for result");
-        break;
-    default:;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/main/displays/qrimportdisplay.h b/main/displays/qrimportdisplay.h
index d1b6ead..74c8ca2 100644
--- a/main/displays/qrimportdisplay.h
+++ b/main/displays/qrimportdisplay.h
@@ -1,26 +1,114 @@
 #pragma once
+constexpr const char * const TAG = "qrimport";
 
 // 3rd party includes
+#include <esp_log.h>
 #include <widgets/label.h>
 #include <tftinstance.h>
 #include <tl/expected.hpp>
+#include <fmt/core.h>
 
 // local includes
 #include "bobbydisplay.h"
+#include "bobbyerrorhandler.h"
+#include "qrimport.h"
+#include "screenmanager.h"
 
+template<typename TMenu>
 class QrImportDisplay : public BobbyDisplay
 {
     using Base = BobbyDisplay;
 
 public:
-    explicit QrImportDisplay(const std::string &nvs_key);
-    explicit QrImportDisplay(std::string &&nvs_key);
+    explicit QrImportDisplay(const std::string &nvs_key) : m_nvs_key{nvs_key} {}
+    explicit QrImportDisplay(std::string &&nvs_key) : m_nvs_key{std::move(nvs_key)} {}
 
-    void start() override;
-    void update() override;
-    void redraw() override;
+    void start() override
+    {
+        using namespace espgui;
+        Base::start();
 
-    void buttonPressed(espgui::Button button) override;
+        m_statuslabel.start();
+
+        qrimport::setup_request();
+
+        if (const auto result = qrimport::start_qr_request(); result)
+        {
+            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "started request, waiting for result");
+            m_waitingForResult = true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "could not start request: %.*s", result.error().size(), result.error().data());
+            m_result = tl::make_unexpected(std::move(result).error());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void update() override
+    {
+        using namespace espgui;
+        Base::update();
+
+        if (!m_waitingForResult)
+            return;
+
+        if (qrimport::get_request_running())
+            return;
+
+        m_waitingForResult = false;
+
+        m_result = qrimport::check_request();
+        if (m_result)
+        {
+            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "%.*s => %.*s", m_nvs_key.size(), m_nvs_key.data(), m_result->size(), m_result->data());
+            if (const auto result = qrimport::set_qr_code(m_nvs_key, *m_result); !result)
+                m_result = tl::make_unexpected(fmt::format("saving qr failed: {}", esp_err_to_name(result.error())));
+        }
+        else
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "failed %.*s => %.*s", m_nvs_key.size(), m_nvs_key.data(), m_result.error().size(), m_result.error().data());
+    }
+
+    void redraw() override
+    {
+        using namespace espgui;
+        Base::redraw();
+
+        if (m_waitingForResult)
+        {
+            tft.setTextColor(TFT_YELLOW, TFT_BLACK);
+            m_statuslabel.redraw("In progress");
+        }
+        else if (!m_result && !m_result.error().empty())
+        {
+            tft.setTextColor(TFT_RED, TFT_BLACK);
+            BobbyErrorHandler{}.errorOccured(fmt::format("Error: {}", m_result.error()));
+            m_result.error().clear();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            tft.setTextColor(TFT_GREEN, TFT_BLACK);
+            m_statuslabel.redraw("OK");
+            switchScreen<TMenu>();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void buttonPressed(espgui::Button button) override
+    {
+        using namespace espgui;
+        Base::buttonPressed(button);
+
+        switch (button)
+        {
+            using espgui::Button;
+            case Button::Left:
+                if (!m_waitingForResult)
+                    switchScreen<TMenu>();
+                else
+                    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "tried to leave while waiting for result");
+                break;
+            default:;
+        }
+    }
 
 private:
     bool m_waitingForResult{false};