The idea of exception wrapping is to catch an exception from a lower level function (such as the read_file function above), and throw a new exception object that contains the original exception (and also carries a file name.) This method seems to be particularly popular with C++ programmers with Java background.
Exception wrapping leads to the following problems:
-
To wrap an exception object it must be copied, which may result in slicing.
+
To wrap an exception object it must be copied, which may result in slicing.
Wrapping is practically impossible to use in generic contexts.
-
+
The second point is actually special case of violating the exception neutrality principle. Most contexts in a program can not handle exceptions; such contexts should not interfere with the process of exception handling.
The boost::exception solution
Simply derive your exception types from boos::exception.
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Peter Dimov has been continuously influencing the design and evolution of Boost Exception. Also thanks to Tobias Schwinger, Tom Brinkman, Pavel Vozenilek and everyone who participated in the review process.
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@@ -4633,18 +4633,7 @@
- 3
- 2
- [@typedef ---unspecified--- (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
- 2
- :);@]
+ 0
@@ -4655,7 +4644,18 @@
- 0
+ 3
+ 2
+ [@typedef ---unspecified--- (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -32
+
+
+ 2
+ :);@]
@@ -4677,27 +4677,7 @@
- 5
- 2
- [@std::string (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -34
-
-
- 2
- :)( boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) const & );@]
+ 0
@@ -4708,7 +4688,27 @@
- 0
+ 5
+ 2
+ [@std::string (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -35
+
+
+ 2
+ :)( boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :) const & );@]
@@ -4719,27 +4719,7 @@
- 5
- 2
- [@#ifdef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
void (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -36
-
-
- 2
- :)( std::exception const & e ); // user defined
#else
template <class E>
void (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -36
-
-
- 2
- :)( E const & e );
#endif@]
+ 0
@@ -4752,7 +4732,7 @@
52
- [@class
(:link
+ [@#ifdef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
void (:link 10
@@ -4761,16 +4741,16 @@
2
- :):
public std::exception
public boost::
+ :)( std::exception const & e ); // user defined
#else
template <class E>
void (:link 10
- -11
+ -372
-
{
---unspecified---
};@]
+ :)( E const & e );
#endif@]
@@ -4781,9 +4761,9 @@
- 7
+ 52
- [@template <class E, class Tag1, class T1, ..., class TagN, class TN>
E const & (:link
+ [@class
(:link 10
@@ -4792,25 +4772,16 @@
2
- mod="/":)( E const & x,
(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:)<
(:link
+ :):
public std::exception
public boost::10
- -24
+ -122
- :)<Tag1,T1>,
...,
(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
- 2
- :)<TagN,TN> > const & v );@]
+
{
---unspecified---
};@]
@@ -4820,6 +4791,46 @@
-39
+
+ 7
+ 2
+ [@template <class E, class Tag1, class T1, ..., class TagN, class TN>
E const & (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -39
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="/":)( E const & x,
(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html|tuple:)<
(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<Tag1,T1>,
...,
(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<TagN,TN> > const & v );@]
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -40
+
+ 52
@@ -4828,7 +4839,7 @@
0
- -39
+ -402
@@ -4844,17 +4855,6 @@
mod="m":) const & v );@]
-
-
- 0
-
- -40
-
-
-
- 0
-
- 0
@@ -4874,18 +4874,7 @@
- 3
- 2
- [@template <class T>
---unspecified--- (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- :)( T const & x );@]
+ 0
@@ -4896,9 +4885,9 @@
- 5
+ 32
- [@void (:link
+ [@template <class T>
---unspecified--- (:link 10
@@ -4907,16 +4896,7 @@
2
- :)( (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
- 2
- :) const & ep );
+ :)( T const & x );@]
@@ -4927,18 +4907,9 @@
- 19
+ 52
- [@#if !defined( BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS ) && !defined( BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE )
#include <
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -32
-
-
- 2
- >
#include <boost/current_function.hpp>
#define
+ [@void (:link 10
@@ -4947,25 +4918,7 @@
2
- (x)\
::boost::
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -36
-
-
- 2
- ( ::boost::
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -42
-
-
- 2
- (x) <<\
::boost::(:link
+ :)( (:link 10
@@ -4974,43 +4927,7 @@
2
- |throw_function:)(BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION) <<\
::boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -32
-
-
- 2
- |throw_file:)(__FILE__) <<\
::boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -32
-
-
- 2
- |throw_line:)((int)__LINE__) )
#else
#define
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -44
-
-
- 2
- (x) ::boost::
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -36
-
-
- 2
- (x)
#endif@]
+ :) const & ep );
@@ -5021,7 +4938,90 @@
- 0
+ 19
+ 2
+ [@#if !defined( BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS ) && !defined( BOOST_EXCEPTION_DISABLE )
#include <
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -33
+
+
+ 2
+ >
#include <boost/current_function.hpp>
#define
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -45
+
+
+ 2
+ (x)\
::boost::
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -37
+
+
+ 2
+ ( ::boost::
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -43
+
+
+ 2
+ (x) <<\
::boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -33
+
+
+ 2
+ |throw_function:)(BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION) <<\
::boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -33
+
+
+ 2
+ |throw_file:)(__FILE__) <<\
::boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -33
+
+
+ 2
+ |throw_line:)((int)__LINE__) )
#else
#define
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -45
+
+
+ 2
+ (x) ::boost::
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -37
+
+
+ 2
+ (x)
#endif@]
@@ -5132,7 +5132,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5154,7 +5154,7 @@
0
- -34
+ -352
@@ -5163,7 +5163,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5172,7 +5172,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5181,7 +5181,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -5190,7 +5190,7 @@
0
- -46
+ -472
@@ -5199,7 +5199,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5208,7 +5208,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5217,7 +5217,7 @@
0
- -34
+ -352
@@ -5226,7 +5226,7 @@
0
- -19
+ -202
@@ -5248,7 +5248,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -5271,6 +5271,100 @@
-9
+
+ 19
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
Sometimes the throw site does not have all the information that is needed at the catch site to make sense of what went wrong. Let's say we have an exception type file_read_error, which takes a file name in its constructor. Consider the following function:
[@void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
{
if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
throw file_read_error(????);
}@]
How can the file_read function pass a file name to the exception type constructor? All it has is a FILE handle.
Using boost::
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ allows us to free the file_read function from the burden of storing the file name in exceptions it throws:
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -47
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;
class file_read_error: public boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :) { };
void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
{
if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
throw file_read_error() << errno_info(errno);
}@]
If file_read detects a failure, it throws an exception which contains the information that is available at the time, namely the errno. Other relevant information, such as the file name, can be added in a context higher up the call stack, where it is known naturally:
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -47
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
typedef boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;
boost::shared_ptr<FILE> file_open( char const * file_name, char const * mode );
void file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size );
void
parse_file( char const * file_name )
{
boost::shared_ptr<FILE> f = file_open(file_name,"rb");
assert(f);
try
{
char buf[1024];
file_read( f.get(), buf, sizeof(buf) );
}
catch(
boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :) & e )
{
e << file_name_info(file_name);
throw;
}
}@]
The above function is (almost) exception-neutral -- if an exception is emitted by any function call within the try block, parse_file does not need to do any real work, but it intercepts any boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :) object, stores the file name, and re-throws using a throw-expression with no operand (15.1.6). The rationale for catching any boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :) object is that the file name is relevant to any failure that occurs in parse_file, ''even if the failure is unrelated to file I/O''.
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -10
+
+ 172
@@ -5279,7 +5373,7 @@
0
- -46
+ -472
@@ -5288,7 +5382,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -5297,7 +5391,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5306,7 +5400,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -5315,7 +5409,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5324,7 +5418,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -5333,7 +5427,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -5342,7 +5436,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -5353,7 +5447,7 @@
0
- -10
+ -11
@@ -5366,7 +5460,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -12
@@ -5377,7 +5471,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5386,7 +5480,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5395,7 +5489,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -5404,7 +5498,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -5413,7 +5507,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5422,7 +5516,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -5433,18 +5527,18 @@
0
- -12
+ -13272
- (:auto !!!:)
Traditionally, when using exceptions to report failures, the throw site:
*creates an exception object of the appropriate type, and
*stuffs it with data relevant to the detected error.
A higher context in the program contains a catch statement which:
*selects failures based on exception types, and
*inspects exception objects for data required to deal with the problem.
The main issue with this "traditional" approach is that often, the data available at the point of the throw is insufficient for the catch site to handle the failure.
Here is an example of a catch statement:
[@catch( file_read_error & e )
{
std::cerr << e.file_name();
}@]
And here is a possible matching throw:
[@void
read_file( FILE * f )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error(???);
....
}@]
Clearly, the problem is that the handler requires a file name but the read_file function does not have a file name to put in the exception object; all it has is a FILE pointer!
In an attempt to deal with this problem, we could modify read_file to accept a file name:
[@void
read_file( FILE * f, char const * name )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error(name);
....
}@]
This is not a real solution: it simply shifts the burden of supplying a file name to the immediate caller of the read_file function.
->''In general, the data required to handle a given library-emitted exception depends on the program that links to it. Many contexts between the throw and the catch may have relevant information which must be transported to the exception handler.''
!!!Exception wrapping
The idea of exception wrapping is to catch an exception from a lower level function (such as the read_file function above), and throw a new exception object that contains the original exception (and also carries a file name.) This method seems to be particularly popular with C++ programmers with Java background.
Exception wrapping leads to the following problems:
#To wrap an exception object it must be copied, which may result in slicing.
#Wrapping is practically impossible to use in generic contexts.
The second point is actually special case of violating the exception neutrality principle. Most contexts in a program can not handle exceptions; such contexts should not interfere with the process of exception handling.
!!!The boost::exception solution
*Simply derive your exception types from boos::(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
Traditionally, when using exceptions to report failures, the throw site:
*creates an exception object of the appropriate type, and
*stuffs it with data relevant to the detected error.
A higher context in the program contains a catch statement which:
*selects failures based on exception types, and
*inspects exception objects for data required to deal with the problem.
The main issue with this "traditional" approach is that often, the data available at the point of the throw is insufficient for the catch site to handle the failure.
Here is an example of a catch statement:
[@catch( file_read_error & e )
{
std::cerr << e.file_name();
}@]
And here is a possible matching throw:
[@void
read_file( FILE * f )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error(???);
....
}@]
Clearly, the problem is that the handler requires a file name but the read_file function does not have a file name to put in the exception object; all it has is a FILE pointer!
In an attempt to deal with this problem, we could modify read_file to accept a file name:
[@void
read_file( FILE * f, char const * name )
{
....
size_t nr=fread(buf,1,count,f);
if( ferror(f) )
throw file_read_error(name);
....
}@]
This is not a real solution: it simply shifts the burden of supplying a file name to the immediate caller of the read_file function.
->''In general, the data required to handle a given library-emitted exception depends on the program that links to it. Many contexts between the throw and the catch may have relevant information which must be transported to the exception handler.''
!!!Exception wrapping
The idea of exception wrapping is to catch an exception from a lower level function (such as the read_file function above), and throw a new exception object that contains the original exception (and also carries a file name.) This method seems to be particularly popular with C++ programmers with Java background.
Exception wrapping leads to the following problems:
*To wrap an exception object it must be copied, which may result in slicing.
*Wrapping is practically impossible to use in generic contexts.
The second point is actually special case of violating the exception neutrality principle. Most contexts in a program can not handle exceptions; such contexts should not interfere with the process of exception handling.
!!!The boost::exception solution
*Simply derive your exception types from boos::(:link 10
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5453,7 +5547,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5462,7 +5556,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -5471,7 +5565,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -5480,7 +5574,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5489,7 +5583,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -5498,7 +5592,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5507,7 +5601,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -5516,7 +5610,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5525,7 +5619,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -5534,7 +5628,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5543,7 +5637,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -5552,7 +5646,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -5563,7 +5657,7 @@
0
- -13
+ -14
@@ -5574,7 +5668,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5583,7 +5677,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5592,7 +5686,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5603,7 +5697,7 @@
0
- -14
+ -15
@@ -5614,7 +5708,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5623,7 +5717,7 @@
0
- -42
+ -432
@@ -5632,7 +5726,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5641,7 +5735,7 @@
0
- -46
+ -472
@@ -5650,7 +5744,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -5659,7 +5753,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -5668,7 +5762,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -5677,7 +5771,7 @@
0
- -42
+ -432
@@ -5686,7 +5780,7 @@
0
- -42
+ -432
@@ -5695,7 +5789,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5704,7 +5798,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -5713,7 +5807,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5722,7 +5816,7 @@
0
- -15
+ -162
@@ -5733,7 +5827,7 @@
0
- -15
+ -16
@@ -5744,7 +5838,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5753,7 +5847,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5762,7 +5856,7 @@
0
- -9
+ -102
@@ -5771,7 +5865,7 @@
0
- -30
+ -92
@@ -5791,7 +5885,7 @@
0
- -16
+ -17
@@ -5802,7 +5896,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5811,7 +5905,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5820,7 +5914,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -5831,7 +5925,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -18
@@ -5842,7 +5936,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -5851,7 +5945,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -5860,7 +5954,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -5869,7 +5963,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -5878,7 +5972,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -5887,7 +5981,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -222
@@ -5896,7 +5990,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -222
@@ -5905,7 +5999,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -5914,7 +6008,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -5923,7 +6017,7 @@
0
- -37
+ -382
@@ -5932,7 +6026,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5941,7 +6035,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5950,7 +6044,7 @@
0
- -37
+ -382
@@ -5959,7 +6053,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -5970,7 +6064,7 @@
0
- -18
+ -19
@@ -5983,7 +6077,7 @@
0
- -19
+ -20
@@ -5994,7 +6088,7 @@
0
- -34
+ -352
@@ -6005,7 +6099,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -21
@@ -6016,7 +6110,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -6025,7 +6119,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -6034,7 +6128,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -6045,7 +6139,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -22
@@ -6056,7 +6150,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -6065,7 +6159,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -222
@@ -6074,7 +6168,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -222
@@ -6083,7 +6177,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -6092,7 +6186,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -6101,7 +6195,7 @@
0
- -37
+ -382
@@ -6110,7 +6204,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -6119,7 +6213,7 @@
0
- -36
+ -372
@@ -6128,7 +6222,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -6137,7 +6231,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -6148,7 +6242,7 @@
0
- -22
+ -23
@@ -6159,7 +6253,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -222
@@ -6168,7 +6262,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -6179,7 +6273,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -24
@@ -6190,7 +6284,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -6199,7 +6293,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -6208,7 +6302,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -6217,7 +6311,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -6226,7 +6320,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -6235,7 +6329,7 @@
0
- -45
+ -462
@@ -6246,7 +6340,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -25
@@ -6257,7 +6351,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -6266,7 +6360,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -6275,7 +6369,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -6284,7 +6378,7 @@
0
- -28
+ -302
@@ -6293,7 +6387,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -6302,7 +6396,7 @@
0
- -28
+ -302
@@ -6311,7 +6405,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -6320,7 +6414,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -6329,7 +6423,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -6338,7 +6432,7 @@
0
- -20
+ -212
@@ -6347,7 +6441,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -6356,7 +6450,7 @@
0
- -26
+ -282
@@ -6367,7 +6461,7 @@
0
- -25
+ -26
@@ -6378,7 +6472,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -6387,26 +6481,13 @@
0
- -24
+ -252:) object.
!!!!Throws:
Nothing.
-
-
- 0
-
- -26
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
- 0
@@ -6441,54 +6522,9 @@
- 11
+ 12
- (:auto !!!:)
Here is how cloning can be enabled in a throw-expression (15.1):
[@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -26
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
typedef boost::error_info<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;
class file_read_error: public boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) { };
void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
{
if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
throw boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -21
-
-
- 2
- :)(file_read_error()) <<
errno_info(errno);
}@]
Of course, (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -21
-
-
- 2
- :) may be used with any exception type; there is no requirement that it should derive from boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :).
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
@@ -6498,191 +6534,155 @@
-30
-
- 19
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
Sometimes the throw site does not have all the information that is needed at the catch site to make sense of what went wrong. Let's say we have an exception type file_read_error, which takes a file name in its constructor. Consider the following function:
[@void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
{
if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
throw file_read_error(????);
}@]
How can the file_read function pass a file name to the exception type constructor? All it has is a FILE handle.
Using boost::
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- allows us to free the file_read function from the burden of storing the file name in exceptions it throws:
[@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -46
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
typedef boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
- 2
- :)<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;
class file_read_error: public boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) { };
void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
{
if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
throw file_read_error() << errno_info(errno);
}@]
If file_read detects a failure, it throws an exception which contains the information that is available at the time, namely the errno. Other relevant information, such as the file name, can be added in a context higher up the call stack, where it is known naturally:
[@#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -46
-
-
- 2
- :)>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
typedef boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
- 2
- :)<struct tag_file_name,std::string> file_name_info;
boost::shared_ptr<FILE> file_open( char const * file_name, char const * mode );
void file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size );
void
parse_file( char const * file_name )
{
boost::shared_ptr<FILE> f = file_open(file_name,"rb");
assert(f);
try
{
char buf[1024];
file_read( f.get(), buf, sizeof(buf) );
}
catch(
boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) & e )
{
e << file_name_info(file_name);
throw;
}
}@]
The above function is (almost) exception-neutral -- if an exception is emitted by any function call within the try block, parse_file does not need to do any real work, but it intercepts any boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) object, stores the file name, and re-throws using a throw-expression with no operand (15.1.6). The rationale for catching any boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) object is that the file name is relevant to any failure that occurs in parse_file, ''even if the failure is unrelated to file I/O''.
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
-
- 17
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
The (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
- 2
- :) type can be used to refer to a copy of an exception object. It is Default Constructible, Copy Constructible, Assignable and Equality Comparable; (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
- 2
- :)'s operations do not throw.
Two instances of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
- 2
- :) are equivalent and compare equal if and only if they refer to the same exception.
The default constructor of (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
- 2
- :) produces the null value of the type. The null value is equivalent only to itself.
!!!!Thread safety
* It is legal for multiple threads to hold (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
- 2
- :) references to the same exception object.
* It is illegal for multiple threads to modify the same (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
- 2
- :) object concurrently.
* While calling (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :) makes a copy of the current exception object, it is still possible for the two copies to share internal state. Therefore, in general it is not safe to call (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -43
-
-
- 2
- :) concurrently to throw the same exception object into multiple threads.
-
-
-
-
- 0
-
- -32
-
- 12(:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -31
+
+
+
+ 11
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
Here is how cloning can be enabled in a throw-expression (15.1):
[@#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -28
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
typedef boost::error_info<struct tag_errno,int> errno_info;
class file_read_error: public boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :) { };
void
file_read( FILE * f, void * buffer, size_t size )
{
if( size!=fread(buffer,1,size,f) )
throw boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -22
+
+
+ 2
+ :)(file_read_error()) <<
errno_info(errno);
}@]
Of course, (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -22
+
+
+ 2
+ :) may be used with any exception type; there is no requirement that it should derive from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -32
+
+
+
+ 17
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
The (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -32
+
+
+ 2
+ :) type can be used to refer to a copy of an exception object. It is Default Constructible, Copy Constructible, Assignable and Equality Comparable; (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -32
+
+
+ 2
+ :)'s operations do not throw.
Two instances of (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -32
+
+
+ 2
+ :) are equivalent and compare equal if and only if they refer to the same exception.
The default constructor of (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -32
+
+
+ 2
+ :) produces the null value of the type. The null value is equivalent only to itself.
!!!!Thread safety
* It is legal for multiple threads to hold (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -32
+
+
+ 2
+ :) references to the same exception object.
* It is illegal for multiple threads to modify the same (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -32
+
+
+ 2
+ :) object concurrently.
* While calling (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -18
+
+
+ 2
+ :) makes a copy of the current exception object, it is still possible for the two copies to share internal state. Therefore, in general it is not safe to call (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -44
+
+
+ 2
+ :) concurrently to throw the same exception object into multiple threads.
+
+ 0
@@ -6691,7 +6691,9 @@
- 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
@@ -6702,108 +6704,7 @@
- 23
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Returns:
This function returns a string value that is automatically composed from the string representations of all (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
- 2
- :) objects stored in a boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) through (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -20
-
-
- 2
- mod="/":), along with other diagnostic information relevant to the exception.
The string representation of each (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
- 2
- :) object is deduced by a function call that is bound at the time the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
- 2
- :)<Tag,T> template is instantiated. The following overload resolutions are attempted in order:
#Unqualified call to to_string(x), where x is of type (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
- 2
- :)<Tag,T> (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to to_string(x.(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -25
-
-
- 2
- mod="m":)()) (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to s << x.(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -25
-
-
- 2
- mod="m":)(), where s is a std::ostringstream.
The first successfully bound function is used at the time (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -34
-
-
- 2
- :) is called; if all 3 overload resolutions are unsuccessful, the system is unable to convert the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -24
-
-
- 2
- :) object to string, and ''an unspecified stub string value is used without issuing a compile error.''
!!!!Notes:
*The format of the returned string is unspecified.
*The returned string is ''not'' user-friendly.
*If dynamic_cast<std::exception const *>(&x) is not null, the returned string includes the output from std::exception::what.
*The returned string may include additional platform-specific diagnostic information.
(:include
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -19
-
-
- 2
- :)
+ 0
@@ -6814,9 +6715,27 @@
- 11
+ 232
- (:auto !!:)
Boost Exception supports transporting of exception objects between threads through cloning. This system is similar to (:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:), but because Boost Exception can not rely on language support, the use of (:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Returns:
This function returns a string value that is automatically composed from the string representations of all (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :) objects stored in a boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :) through (:link 10
@@ -6825,12 +6744,106 @@
2
+ mod="/":), along with other diagnostic information relevant to the exception.
The string representation of each (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :) object is deduced by a function call that is bound at the time the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<Tag,T> template is instantiated. The following overload resolutions are attempted in order:
#Unqualified call to to_string(x), where x is of type (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :)<Tag,T> (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to to_string(x.(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -26
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="m":)()) (the return value is expected to be of type std::string.)
#Unqualified call to s << x.(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -26
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="m":)(), where s is a std::ostringstream.
The first successfully bound function is used at the time (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -35
+
+
+ 2
+ :) is called; if all 3 overload resolutions are unsuccessful, the system is unable to convert the (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ :) object to string, and ''an unspecified stub string value is used without issuing a compile error.''
!!!!Notes:
*The format of the returned string is unspecified.
*The returned string is ''not'' user-friendly.
*If dynamic_cast<std::exception const *>(&x) is not null, the returned string includes the output from std::exception::what.
*The returned string may include additional platform-specific diagnostic information.
(:include
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -20
+
+
+ 2
+ :)
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -36
+
+
+
+ 11
+ 2
+ (:auto !!:)
Boost Exception supports transporting of exception objects between threads through cloning. This system is similar to (:link http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2179.html|N2179:), but because Boost Exception can not rely on language support, the use of (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -22
+
+
+ 2:) at the time of the throw is required in order to use cloning.
!!!!Note:
All exceptions emitted by the familiar function boost::(:link 10
- -36
+ -372
@@ -6839,7 +6852,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -6848,7 +6861,7 @@
0
- -29
+ -312
@@ -6868,7 +6881,7 @@
0
- -36
+ -37
@@ -6879,7 +6892,7 @@
0
- -36
+ -372
@@ -6888,7 +6901,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -222
@@ -6897,7 +6910,7 @@
0
- -42
+ -432
@@ -6906,7 +6919,7 @@
0
- -36
+ -372
@@ -6915,7 +6928,7 @@
0
- -36
+ -372
@@ -6924,44 +6937,13 @@
0
- -36
+ -372:) returns, the behavior is undefined.
-
-
- 0
-
- -37
-
-
-
- 5
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is used by the (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -31
-
-
- 2
- :) support in Boost Exception. Please see (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -17
-
-
- 2
- :).
-
- 0
@@ -6972,25 +6954,25 @@
52
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
E must be boost::(:link
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
This type is used by the (:link 10
- -11
+ -322
- :), or a type that derives (indirectly) from boost::(:link
+ :) support in Boost Exception. Please see (:link 10
- -11
+ -182
- :).
!!!!Effects:
Equivalent to x << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<0>() << ... << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<N>().
!!!!Returns:
x.
(:include throws:)
+ :).
@@ -7001,18 +6983,27 @@
- 3
+ 52
- (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Effects:
Stores a copy of v in the
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Requirements:
E must be boost::(:link 10
- -24
+ -122
- object.
(:include throws:)
+ :), or a type that derives (indirectly) from boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :).
!!!!Effects:
Equivalent to x << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<0>() << ... << v.(:link http://www.boost.org/libs/tuple/doc/tuple_users_guide.html#accessing_elements|get:)<N>().
!!!!Returns:
x.
(:include throws:)
@@ -7023,7 +7014,18 @@
- 0
+ 3
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
(:include synopsis:)
!!!!Effects:
Stores a copy of v in the
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -25
+
+
+ 2
+ object.
(:include throws:)
@@ -7034,27 +7036,7 @@
- 5
- 2
- (:auto !!!:)
Exception types should use virtual inheritance when deriving from other exception types. This insight is due to Andrew Koenig. Using virtual inheritance prevents ambiguity problems in the exception handler:
[@#include <iostream>
struct my_exc1 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct my_exc2 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct your_exc3 : my_exc1, my_exc2 {};
int
main()
{
try { throw your_exc3(); }
catch(std::exception const& e) {}
catch(...) { std::cout << "whoops!" << std::endl; }
}@]
The program above outputs "whoops!" because the conversion to std::exception is ambiguous.
The overhead introduced by virtual inheritance is always negligible in the context of exception handling. Note that virtual bases are initialized directly by the constructor of the most-derived-type (the type passed to the throw statement, in case of exceptions.) However, typically this detail is of no concern when boost::(:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -11
-
-
- 2
- :) is used, because it enables exception types to be trivial structs with no members (there's nothing to initialize.) See (:link
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -13
-
-
- 2
- mod="w":).
+ 0
@@ -7064,6 +7046,37 @@
-42
+
+ 5
+ 2
+ (:auto !!!:)
Exception types should use virtual inheritance when deriving from other exception types. This insight is due to Andrew Koenig. Using virtual inheritance prevents ambiguity problems in the exception handler:
[@#include <iostream>
struct my_exc1 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct my_exc2 : std::exception { char const* what() const throw(); };
struct your_exc3 : my_exc1, my_exc2 {};
int
main()
{
try { throw your_exc3(); }
catch(std::exception const& e) {}
catch(...) { std::cout << "whoops!" << std::endl; }
}@]
The program above outputs "whoops!" because the conversion to std::exception is ambiguous.
The overhead introduced by virtual inheritance is always negligible in the context of exception handling. Note that virtual bases are initialized directly by the constructor of the most-derived-type (the type passed to the throw statement, in case of exceptions.) However, typically this detail is of no concern when boost::(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -12
+
+
+ 2
+ :) is used, because it enables exception types to be trivial structs with no members (there's nothing to initialize.) See (:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -14
+
+
+ 2
+ mod="w":).
+
+
+
+
+ 0
+
+ -43
+
+ 52
@@ -7072,7 +7085,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -7081,7 +7094,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -7092,7 +7105,7 @@
0
- -43
+ -44
@@ -7105,7 +7118,7 @@
0
- -44
+ -45
@@ -7116,7 +7129,7 @@
0
- -36
+ -372
@@ -7125,7 +7138,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -7134,7 +7147,7 @@
0
- -34
+ -352
@@ -7145,7 +7158,7 @@
0
- -45
+ -46
@@ -7156,7 +7169,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -7165,7 +7178,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -7174,7 +7187,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -7183,7 +7196,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -222
@@ -7192,7 +7205,7 @@
0
- -42
+ -432
@@ -7201,7 +7214,7 @@
0
- -36
+ -372
@@ -7217,19 +7230,6 @@
:).
-
-
- 0
-
- -46
-
-
-
- 1
- 2
- (:auto !!:)
!!!Synopsis
(:include synopsis:)
-
- 0
@@ -7293,7 +7293,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -7302,7 +7302,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -7311,7 +7311,7 @@
0
- -24
+ -252
@@ -7320,7 +7320,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -7329,7 +7329,7 @@
0
- -23
+ -242
@@ -7351,7 +7351,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -7360,7 +7360,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -7369,7 +7369,7 @@
0
- -48
+ -272
@@ -7378,7 +7378,7 @@
0
- -11
+ -122
@@ -7387,7 +7387,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -7396,7 +7396,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -7405,7 +7405,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -7414,7 +7414,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -7423,7 +7423,7 @@
0
- -43
+ -442
@@ -7432,7 +7432,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -7441,7 +7441,7 @@
0
- -43
+ -442
@@ -7450,7 +7450,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -7459,7 +7459,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -7468,7 +7468,7 @@
0
- -21
+ -222
@@ -7477,7 +7477,7 @@
0
- -31
+ -322
@@ -7486,7 +7486,7 @@
0
- -37
+ -382
@@ -7495,7 +7495,7 @@
0
- -17
+ -182
@@ -7504,7 +7504,7 @@
0
- -43
+ -442
@@ -7698,9 +7698,7 @@
- 1
- 2
- !!!!Throws:
std::bad_alloc, or any exception emitted by the T copy constructor.
+ 0
@@ -7711,7 +7709,9 @@
- 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ !!!!Throws:
std::bad_alloc, or any exception emitted by the T copy constructor.
@@ -7898,9 +7898,7 @@
- 1
- 2
- !!!!Throws:
std::bad_alloc, or any exception emitted by T1..TN copy constructor.
+ 0
@@ -7913,7 +7911,7 @@
12
- !!!!Throws:
Any exception emitted by v's copy constructor.
+ !!!!Throws:
std::bad_alloc, or any exception emitted by T1..TN copy constructor.
@@ -7924,7 +7922,9 @@
- 0
+ 1
+ 2
+ !!!!Throws:
Any exception emitted by v's copy constructor.
@@ -8112,7 +8112,7 @@
0
- -26
+ -282
@@ -8138,18 +8138,7 @@
- 3
- 2
- [@#include <
- 1
-
- 0
-
- -32
-
-
- 2
- >
namespace
boost
{
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
}@]
+ 0
@@ -8162,16 +8151,16 @@
32
- `#include <(:link
+ [@#include <10
- -32
+ -332
- :)>
[@namespace
boost
{
(:include def pre_indent="4":)
}@]
+ >
namespace
boost
{
(:include api pre_indent="4":)
}@]
@@ -8182,7 +8171,18 @@
- 0
+ 3
+ 2
+ `#include <(:link
+ 1
+
+ 0
+
+ -33
+
+
+ 2
+ :)>
[@namespace
boost
{
(:include def pre_indent="4":)
}@]
@@ -8237,18 +8237,7 @@
- 3
- 2
- `#include <(:link
- 1
-
- 0
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