boost_intrusive/include/boost/intrusive/sgtree_algorithms.hpp

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// (C) Copyright Ion Gaztanaga 2007.
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
//    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
//          http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
// See http://www.boost.org/libs/intrusive for documentation.
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Scapegoat tree algorithms are taken from the paper titled:
// "Scapegoat Trees" by Igal Galperin Ronald L. Rivest.
//
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#ifndef BOOST_INTRUSIVE_SGTREE_ALGORITHMS_HPP
#define BOOST_INTRUSIVE_SGTREE_ALGORITHMS_HPP

#include <boost/intrusive/detail/config_begin.hpp>

#include <cstddef>
#include <boost/intrusive/intrusive_fwd.hpp>
#include <boost/intrusive/detail/assert.hpp>
#include <boost/intrusive/detail/utilities.hpp>
#include <boost/intrusive/detail/tree_algorithms.hpp>
#include <boost/intrusive/pointer_traits.hpp>


namespace boost {
namespace intrusive {

//! sgtree_algorithms is configured with a NodeTraits class, which encapsulates the
//! information about the node to be manipulated. NodeTraits must support the
//! following interface:
//!
//! <b>Typedefs</b>:
//!
//! <tt>node</tt>: The type of the node that forms the circular list
//!
//! <tt>node_ptr</tt>: A pointer to a node
//!
//! <tt>const_node_ptr</tt>: A pointer to a const node
//!
//! <b>Static functions</b>:
//!
//! <tt>static node_ptr get_parent(const_node_ptr n);</tt>
//!
//! <tt>static void set_parent(node_ptr n, node_ptr parent);</tt>
//!
//! <tt>static node_ptr get_left(const_node_ptr n);</tt>
//!
//! <tt>static void set_left(node_ptr n, node_ptr left);</tt>
//!
//! <tt>static node_ptr get_right(const_node_ptr n);</tt>
//!
//! <tt>static void set_right(node_ptr n, node_ptr right);</tt>
template<class NodeTraits>
class sgtree_algorithms
{
   public:
   typedef typename NodeTraits::node            node;
   typedef NodeTraits                           node_traits;
   typedef typename NodeTraits::node_ptr        node_ptr;
   typedef typename NodeTraits::const_node_ptr  const_node_ptr;

   /// @cond
   private:

   typedef detail::tree_algorithms<NodeTraits>  tree_algorithms;

   static node_ptr uncast(const const_node_ptr & ptr)
   {  return pointer_traits<node_ptr>::const_cast_from(ptr);  }
   /// @endcond

   public:
   static node_ptr begin_node(const const_node_ptr & header)
   {  return tree_algorithms::begin_node(header);   }

   static node_ptr end_node(const const_node_ptr & header)
   {  return tree_algorithms::end_node(header);   }

   //! This type is the information that will be
   //! filled by insert_unique_check
   struct insert_commit_data
      :  tree_algorithms::insert_commit_data
   {
      std::size_t depth;
   };

   //! <b>Requires</b>: header1 and header2 must be the header nodes
   //!  of two trees.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Swaps two trees. After the function header1 will contain
   //!   links to the second tree and header2 will have links to the first tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   static void swap_tree(const node_ptr & header1, const node_ptr & header2)
   {  return tree_algorithms::swap_tree(header1, header2);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: node1 and node2 can't be header nodes
   //!  of two trees.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Swaps two nodes. After the function node1 will be inserted
   //!   in the position node2 before the function. node2 will be inserted in the
   //!   position node1 had before the function.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Note</b>: This function will break container ordering invariants if
   //!   node1 and node2 are not equivalent according to the ordering rules.
   //!
   //!Experimental function
   static void swap_nodes(const node_ptr & node1, const node_ptr & node2)
   {
      if(node1 == node2)
         return;
  
      node_ptr header1(tree_algorithms::get_header(node1)), header2(tree_algorithms::get_header(node2));
      swap_nodes(node1, header1, node2, header2);
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: node1 and node2 can't be header nodes
   //!  of two trees with header header1 and header2.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Swaps two nodes. After the function node1 will be inserted
   //!   in the position node2 before the function. node2 will be inserted in the
   //!   position node1 had before the function.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Note</b>: This function will break container ordering invariants if
   //!   node1 and node2 are not equivalent according to the ordering rules.
   //!
   //!Experimental function
   static void swap_nodes(const node_ptr & node1, const node_ptr & header1, const node_ptr & node2, const node_ptr & header2)
   {  tree_algorithms::swap_nodes(node1, header1, node2, header2);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: node_to_be_replaced must be inserted in a tree
   //!   and new_node must not be inserted in a tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Replaces node_to_be_replaced in its position in the
   //!   tree with new_node. The tree does not need to be rebalanced
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Note</b>: This function will break container ordering invariants if
   //!   new_node is not equivalent to node_to_be_replaced according to the
   //!   ordering rules. This function is faster than erasing and inserting
   //!   the node, since no rebalancing and comparison is needed.
   //!
   //!Experimental function
   static void replace_node(const node_ptr & node_to_be_replaced, const node_ptr & new_node)
   {
      if(node_to_be_replaced == new_node)
         return;
      replace_node(node_to_be_replaced, tree_algorithms::get_header(node_to_be_replaced), new_node);
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: node_to_be_replaced must be inserted in a tree
   //!   with header "header" and new_node must not be inserted in a tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Replaces node_to_be_replaced in its position in the
   //!   tree with new_node. The tree does not need to be rebalanced
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Note</b>: This function will break container ordering invariants if
   //!   new_node is not equivalent to node_to_be_replaced according to the
   //!   ordering rules. This function is faster than erasing and inserting
   //!   the node, since no rebalancing or comparison is needed.
   //!
   //!Experimental function
   static void replace_node(const node_ptr & node_to_be_replaced, const node_ptr & header, const node_ptr & new_node)
   {  tree_algorithms::replace_node(node_to_be_replaced, header, new_node);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: node is a tree node but not the header.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Unlinks the node and rebalances the tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Average complexity is constant time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   static void unlink(const node_ptr & node)
   {
      node_ptr x = NodeTraits::get_parent(node);
      if(x){
         while(!is_header(x))
            x = NodeTraits::get_parent(x);
         tree_algorithms::erase(x, node);
      }
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: header is the header of a tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Unlinks the leftmost node from the tree, and
   //!   updates the header link to the new leftmost node.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Average complexity is constant time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Notes</b>: This function breaks the tree and the tree can
   //!   only be used for more unlink_leftmost_without_rebalance calls.
   //!   This function is normally used to achieve a step by step
   //!   controlled destruction of the tree.
   static node_ptr unlink_leftmost_without_rebalance(const node_ptr & header)
   {  return tree_algorithms::unlink_leftmost_without_rebalance(header);   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: node is a node of the tree or an node initialized
   //!   by init(...).
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns true if the node is initialized by init().
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   static bool unique(const const_node_ptr & node)
   {  return tree_algorithms::unique(node);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: node is a node of the tree but it's not the header.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns the number of nodes of the subtree.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Linear time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   static std::size_t count(const const_node_ptr & node)
   {  return tree_algorithms::count(node);   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: header is the header node of the tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns the number of nodes above the header.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Linear time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   static std::size_t size(const const_node_ptr & header)
   {  return tree_algorithms::size(header);   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: p is a node from the tree except the header.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns the next node of the tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Average constant time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   static node_ptr next_node(const node_ptr & p)
   {  return tree_algorithms::next_node(p); }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: p is a node from the tree except the leftmost node.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns the previous node of the tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Average constant time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   static node_ptr prev_node(const node_ptr & p)
   {  return tree_algorithms::prev_node(p); }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: node must not be part of any tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: After the function unique(node) == true.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Nodes</b>: If node is inserted in a tree, this function corrupts the tree.
   static void init(const node_ptr & node)
   {  tree_algorithms::init(node);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: node must not be part of any tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Initializes the header to represent an empty tree.
   //!   unique(header) == true.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Nodes</b>: If node is inserted in a tree, this function corrupts the tree.
   static void init_header(const node_ptr & header)
   {  tree_algorithms::init_header(header);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: header must be the header of a tree, z a node
   //!    of that tree and z != header.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Erases node "z" from the tree with header "header".
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Amortized constant time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   template<class AlphaByMaxSize>
   static node_ptr erase(const node_ptr & header, const node_ptr & z, std::size_t tree_size, std::size_t &max_tree_size, AlphaByMaxSize alpha_by_maxsize)
   {
      //typename tree_algorithms::data_for_rebalance info;
      tree_algorithms::erase(header, z);
      --tree_size;
      if (tree_size > 0 &&
          tree_size < alpha_by_maxsize(max_tree_size)){
         tree_algorithms::rebalance(header);
         max_tree_size = tree_size;
      }
      return z;
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "cloner" must be a function
   //!   object taking a node_ptr and returning a new cloned node of it. "disposer" must
   //!   take a node_ptr and shouldn't throw.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: First empties target tree calling
   //!   <tt>void disposer::operator()(const node_ptr &)</tt> for every node of the tree
   //!    except the header.
   //!   
   //!   Then, duplicates the entire tree pointed by "source_header" cloning each
   //!   source node with <tt>node_ptr Cloner::operator()(const node_ptr &)</tt> to obtain
   //!   the nodes of the target tree. If "cloner" throws, the cloned target nodes
   //!   are disposed using <tt>void disposer(const node_ptr &)</tt>.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Linear to the number of element of the source tree plus the.
   //!   number of elements of tree target tree when calling this function.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If cloner functor throws. If this happens target nodes are disposed.
   template <class Cloner, class Disposer>
   static void clone
      (const const_node_ptr & source_header, const node_ptr & target_header, Cloner cloner, Disposer disposer)
   {
      tree_algorithms::clone(source_header, target_header, cloner, disposer);
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "disposer" must be an object function
   //!   taking a node_ptr parameter and shouldn't throw.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Empties the target tree calling
   //!   <tt>void disposer::operator()(const node_ptr &)</tt> for every node of the tree
   //!    except the header.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Linear to the number of element of the source tree plus the.
   //!   number of elements of tree target tree when calling this function.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If cloner functor throws. If this happens target nodes are disposed.
   template<class Disposer>
   static void clear_and_dispose(const node_ptr & header, Disposer disposer)
   {  tree_algorithms::clear_and_dispose(header, disposer); }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak
   //!   ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the
   //!   the tree. KeyNodePtrCompare can compare KeyType with tree's node_ptrs.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns an node_ptr to the first element that is
   //!   not less than "key" according to "comp" or "header" if that element does
   //!   not exist.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If "comp" throws.
   template<class KeyType, class KeyNodePtrCompare>
   static node_ptr lower_bound
      (const const_node_ptr & header, const KeyType &key, KeyNodePtrCompare comp)
   {  return tree_algorithms::lower_bound(header, key, comp);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak
   //!   ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the
   //!   the tree. KeyNodePtrCompare can compare KeyType with tree's node_ptrs.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns an node_ptr to the first element that is greater
   //!   than "key" according to "comp" or "header" if that element does not exist.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If "comp" throws.
   template<class KeyType, class KeyNodePtrCompare>
   static node_ptr upper_bound
      (const const_node_ptr & header, const KeyType &key, KeyNodePtrCompare comp)
   {  return tree_algorithms::upper_bound(header, key, comp);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak
   //!   ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the
   //!   the tree. KeyNodePtrCompare can compare KeyType with tree's node_ptrs.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns an node_ptr to the element that is equivalent to
   //!   "key" according to "comp" or "header" if that element does not exist.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If "comp" throws.
   template<class KeyType, class KeyNodePtrCompare>
   static node_ptr find
      (const const_node_ptr & header, const KeyType &key, KeyNodePtrCompare comp)
   {  return tree_algorithms::find(header, key, comp);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak
   //!   ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the
   //!   the tree. KeyNodePtrCompare can compare KeyType with tree's node_ptrs.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns an a pair of node_ptr delimiting a range containing
   //!   all elements that are equivalent to "key" according to "comp" or an
   //!   empty range that indicates the position where those elements would be
   //!   if they there are no equivalent elements.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If "comp" throws.
   template<class KeyType, class KeyNodePtrCompare>
   static std::pair<node_ptr, node_ptr> equal_range
      (const const_node_ptr & header, const KeyType &key, KeyNodePtrCompare comp)
   {  return tree_algorithms::equal_range(header, key, comp);  }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "h" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   NodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak
   //!   ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the
   //!   the tree. NodePtrCompare compares two node_ptrs.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Inserts new_node into the tree before the upper bound
   //!   according to "comp".
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Average complexity for insert element is at
   //!   most logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If "comp" throws.
   template<class NodePtrCompare, class H_Alpha>
   static node_ptr insert_equal_upper_bound
      (const node_ptr & h, const node_ptr & new_node, NodePtrCompare comp
      ,std::size_t tree_size, H_Alpha h_alpha, std::size_t &max_tree_size)
   {
      std::size_t depth;
      tree_algorithms::insert_equal_upper_bound(h, new_node, comp, &depth);
      rebalance_after_insertion(new_node, depth, tree_size+1, h_alpha, max_tree_size);
      return new_node;
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "h" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   NodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak
   //!   ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the
   //!   the tree. NodePtrCompare compares two node_ptrs.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Inserts new_node into the tree before the lower bound
   //!   according to "comp".
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Average complexity for insert element is at
   //!   most logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If "comp" throws.
   template<class NodePtrCompare, class H_Alpha>
   static node_ptr insert_equal_lower_bound
      (const node_ptr & h, const node_ptr & new_node, NodePtrCompare comp
      ,std::size_t tree_size, H_Alpha h_alpha, std::size_t &max_tree_size)
   {
      std::size_t depth;
      tree_algorithms::insert_equal_lower_bound(h, new_node, comp, &depth);
      rebalance_after_insertion(new_node, depth, tree_size+1, h_alpha, max_tree_size);
      return new_node;
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   NodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak
   //!   ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the
   //!   the tree. NodePtrCompare compares two node_ptrs. "hint" is node from
   //!   the "header"'s tree.
   //!  
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Inserts new_node into the tree, using "hint" as a hint to
   //!   where it will be inserted. If "hint" is the upper_bound
   //!   the insertion takes constant time (two comparisons in the worst case).
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Logarithmic in general, but it is amortized
   //!   constant time if new_node is inserted immediately before "hint".
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If "comp" throws.
   template<class NodePtrCompare, class H_Alpha>
   static node_ptr insert_equal
      (const node_ptr & header, const node_ptr & hint, const node_ptr & new_node, NodePtrCompare comp
      ,std::size_t tree_size, H_Alpha h_alpha, std::size_t &max_tree_size)
   {
      std::size_t depth;
      tree_algorithms::insert_equal(header, hint, new_node, comp, &depth);
      rebalance_after_insertion(new_node, depth, tree_size+1, h_alpha, max_tree_size);
      return new_node;
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak
   //!   ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the
   //!   the tree. NodePtrCompare compares KeyType with a node_ptr.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Checks if there is an equivalent node to "key" in the
   //!   tree according to "comp" and obtains the needed information to realize
   //!   a constant-time node insertion if there is no equivalent node.
   //!
   //! <b>Returns</b>: If there is an equivalent value
   //!   returns a pair containing a node_ptr to the already present node
   //!   and false. If there is not equivalent key can be inserted returns true
   //!   in the returned pair's boolean and fills "commit_data" that is meant to
   //!   be used with the "insert_commit" function to achieve a constant-time
   //!   insertion function.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Average complexity is at most logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If "comp" throws.
   //!
   //! <b>Notes</b>: This function is used to improve performance when constructing
   //!   a node is expensive and the user does not want to have two equivalent nodes
   //!   in the tree: if there is an equivalent value
   //!   the constructed object must be discarded. Many times, the part of the
   //!   node that is used to impose the order is much cheaper to construct
   //!   than the node and this function offers the possibility to use that part
   //!   to check if the insertion will be successful.
   //!
   //!   If the check is successful, the user can construct the node and use
   //!   "insert_commit" to insert the node in constant-time. This gives a total
   //!   logarithmic complexity to the insertion: check(O(log(N)) + commit(O(1)).
   //!
   //!   "commit_data" remains valid for a subsequent "insert_unique_commit" only
   //!   if no more objects are inserted or erased from the set.
   template<class KeyType, class KeyNodePtrCompare>
   static std::pair<node_ptr, bool> insert_unique_check
      (const const_node_ptr & header,  const KeyType &key
      ,KeyNodePtrCompare comp, insert_commit_data &commit_data)
   {
      std::size_t depth;
      std::pair<node_ptr, bool> ret =
         tree_algorithms::insert_unique_check(header, key, comp, commit_data, &depth);
      commit_data.depth = depth;
      return ret;
   }


   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   "pos" must be a valid iterator or header (end) node.
   //!   "pos" must be an iterator pointing to the successor to "new_node"
   //!   once inserted according to the order of already inserted nodes. This function does not
   //!   check "pos" and this precondition must be guaranteed by the caller.
   //!  
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Inserts new_node into the tree before "pos".
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant-time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Note</b>: If "pos" is not the successor of the newly inserted "new_node"
   //! tree invariants might be broken.
   template<class H_Alpha>
   static node_ptr insert_before
      (const node_ptr & header, const node_ptr & pos, const node_ptr & new_node
      ,std::size_t tree_size, H_Alpha h_alpha, std::size_t &max_tree_size)
   {
      std::size_t depth;
      tree_algorithms::insert_before(header, pos, new_node, &depth);
      rebalance_after_insertion(new_node, depth, tree_size+1, h_alpha, max_tree_size);
      return new_node;
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   "new_node" must be, according to the used ordering no less than the
   //!   greatest inserted key.
   //!  
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Inserts new_node into the tree before "pos".
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant-time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Note</b>: If "new_node" is less than the greatest inserted key
   //! tree invariants are broken. This function is slightly faster than
   //! using "insert_before".
   template<class H_Alpha>
   static void push_back(const node_ptr & header, const node_ptr & new_node
         ,std::size_t tree_size, H_Alpha h_alpha, std::size_t &max_tree_size)
   {
      std::size_t depth;
      tree_algorithms::push_back(header, new_node, &depth);
      rebalance_after_insertion(new_node, depth, tree_size+1, h_alpha, max_tree_size);
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   "new_node" must be, according to the used ordering, no greater than the
   //!   lowest inserted key.
   //!  
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Inserts new_node into the tree before "pos".
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant-time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Note</b>: If "new_node" is greater than the lowest inserted key
   //! tree invariants are broken. This function is slightly faster than
   //! using "insert_before".
   template<class H_Alpha>
   static void push_front(const node_ptr & header, const node_ptr & new_node
         ,std::size_t tree_size, H_Alpha h_alpha, std::size_t &max_tree_size)
   {
      std::size_t depth;
      tree_algorithms::push_front(header, new_node, &depth);
      rebalance_after_insertion(new_node, depth, tree_size+1, h_alpha, max_tree_size);
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   KeyNodePtrCompare is a function object that induces a strict weak
   //!   ordering compatible with the strict weak ordering used to create the
   //!   the tree. NodePtrCompare compares KeyType with a node_ptr.
   //!   "hint" is node from the "header"'s tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Checks if there is an equivalent node to "key" in the
   //!   tree according to "comp" using "hint" as a hint to where it should be
   //!   inserted and obtains the needed information to realize
   //!   a constant-time node insertion if there is no equivalent node.
   //!   If "hint" is the upper_bound the function has constant time
   //!   complexity (two comparisons in the worst case).
   //!
   //! <b>Returns</b>: If there is an equivalent value
   //!   returns a pair containing a node_ptr to the already present node
   //!   and false. If there is not equivalent key can be inserted returns true
   //!   in the returned pair's boolean and fills "commit_data" that is meant to
   //!   be used with the "insert_commit" function to achieve a constant-time
   //!   insertion function.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Average complexity is at most logarithmic, but it is
   //!   amortized constant time if new_node should be inserted immediately before "hint".
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: If "comp" throws.
   //!
   //! <b>Notes</b>: This function is used to improve performance when constructing
   //!   a node is expensive and the user does not want to have two equivalent nodes
   //!   in the tree: if there is an equivalent value
   //!   the constructed object must be discarded. Many times, the part of the
   //!   node that is used to impose the order is much cheaper to construct
   //!   than the node and this function offers the possibility to use that part
   //!   to check if the insertion will be successful.
   //!
   //!   If the check is successful, the user can construct the node and use
   //!   "insert_commit" to insert the node in constant-time. This gives a total
   //!   logarithmic complexity to the insertion: check(O(log(N)) + commit(O(1)).
   //!
   //!   "commit_data" remains valid for a subsequent "insert_unique_commit" only
   //!   if no more objects are inserted or erased from the set.
   template<class KeyType, class KeyNodePtrCompare>
   static std::pair<node_ptr, bool> insert_unique_check
      (const const_node_ptr & header, const node_ptr &hint, const KeyType &key
      ,KeyNodePtrCompare comp, insert_commit_data &commit_data)
   {
      std::size_t depth;
      std::pair<node_ptr, bool> ret =
         tree_algorithms::insert_unique_check
            (header, hint, key, comp, commit_data, &depth);
      commit_data.depth = depth;
      return ret;
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "header" must be the header node of a tree.
   //!   "commit_data" must have been obtained from a previous call to
   //!   "insert_unique_check". No objects should have been inserted or erased
   //!   from the set between the "insert_unique_check" that filled "commit_data"
   //!   and the call to "insert_commit".
   //!
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Inserts new_node in the set using the information obtained
   //!   from the "commit_data" that a previous "insert_check" filled.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant time.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Notes</b>: This function has only sense if a "insert_unique_check" has been
   //!   previously executed to fill "commit_data". No value should be inserted or
   //!   erased between the "insert_check" and "insert_commit" calls.
   template<class H_Alpha>
   static void insert_unique_commit
      (const node_ptr & header, const node_ptr & new_value, const insert_commit_data &commit_data
      ,std::size_t tree_size, H_Alpha h_alpha, std::size_t &max_tree_size)
   {
      tree_algorithms::insert_unique_commit(header, new_value, commit_data);
      rebalance_after_insertion(new_value, commit_data.depth, tree_size+1, h_alpha, max_tree_size);
   }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: header must be the header of a tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Rebalances the tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Linear.
   static void rebalance(const node_ptr & header)
   {  tree_algorithms::rebalance(header); }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: old_root is a node of a tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Rebalances the subtree rooted at old_root.
   //!
   //! <b>Returns</b>: The new root of the subtree.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Linear.
   static node_ptr rebalance_subtree(const node_ptr & old_root)
   {  return tree_algorithms::rebalance_subtree(old_root); }

   //! <b>Requires</b>: "n" must be a node inserted in a tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns a pointer to the header node of the tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Logarithmic.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   static node_ptr get_header(const node_ptr & n)
   {  return tree_algorithms::get_header(n);   }

   /// @cond
   private:

   //! <b>Requires</b>: p is a node of a tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Effects</b>: Returns true if p is the header of the tree.
   //!
   //! <b>Complexity</b>: Constant.
   //!
   //! <b>Throws</b>: Nothing.
   static bool is_header(const const_node_ptr & p)
   {  return tree_algorithms::is_header(p);  }

   template<class H_Alpha>
   static void rebalance_after_insertion
      (const node_ptr &x, std::size_t depth
      , std::size_t tree_size, H_Alpha h_alpha, std::size_t &max_tree_size)
   {
      if(tree_size > max_tree_size)
         max_tree_size = tree_size;

      if(tree_size != 1 && depth > h_alpha(tree_size)){
         //Find the first non height-balanced node
         //as described in the section 4.2 of the paper.
         //This method is the alternative method described
         //in the paper. Authors claim that this method
         //may tend to yield more balanced trees on the average
         //than the weight balanced method.
         node_ptr s = x;
         std::size_t size = 1;

         for(std::size_t i = 1; true; ++i){
            bool rebalance = false;
            if(i == depth){
               BOOST_INTRUSIVE_INVARIANT_ASSERT(tree_size == count(s));
               rebalance = true;
            }
            else if(i > h_alpha(size)){
               node_ptr s_parent = NodeTraits::get_parent(s);
               node_ptr s_parent_left = NodeTraits::get_left(s_parent);
               size += 1 + tree_algorithms::count
                  ( s_parent_left == s ? NodeTraits::get_right(s_parent) : s_parent_left );
               s = s_parent;
               rebalance = true;
            }
            if(rebalance){
               rebalance_subtree(s);
               break;
            }
         }
      }
   }

   /// @endcond
};

} //namespace intrusive
} //namespace boost

#include <boost/intrusive/detail/config_end.hpp>

#endif //BOOST_INTRUSIVE_SGTREE_ALGORITHMS_HPP