Bring branch up-to-date with trunk

[SVN r21992]
2004-01-27 04:50:52 +00:00
parent 189533437f
commit d15302e683
38 changed files with 8573 additions and 4216 deletions
@@ -7,200 +7,9 @@
 <title>Indirect Iterator</title>
 <meta name="author" content="David Abrahams, Jeremy Siek, Thomas Witt" />
 <meta name="organization" content="Boost Consulting, Indiana University Open Systems Lab, University of Hanover Institute for Transport Railway Operation and Construction" />
-<meta name="date" content="2003-09-14" />
+<meta name="date" content="2004-01-15" />
 <meta name="copyright" content="Copyright David Abrahams, Jeremy Siek, and Thomas Witt 2003. All rights reserved" />
-<style type="text/css"><!--
-
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+<link rel="stylesheet" href="default.css" type="text/css" />
 </head>
 <body>
 <div class="document" id="indirect-iterator">
@@ -218,7 +27,7 @@ ul.auto-toc {
 Lab</a>, University of Hanover <a class="last reference" href="http://www.ive.uni-hannover.de">Institute for Transport
 Railway Operation and Construction</a></td></tr>
 <tr><th class="docinfo-name">Date:</th>
-<td>2003-09-14</td></tr>
+<td>2004-01-15</td></tr>
 <tr><th class="docinfo-name">Copyright:</th>
 <td>Copyright David Abrahams, Jeremy Siek, and Thomas Witt 2003. All rights reserved</td></tr>
 </tbody>
@@ -227,85 +36,145 @@ Railway Operation and Construction</a></td></tr>
 <col class="field-name" />
 <col class="field-body" />
 <tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">abstract:</th><td class="field-body"></td>
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">abstract:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> adapts an iterator by applying an
+<em>extra</em> dereference inside of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">operator*()</span></tt>. For example, this
+iterator adaptor makes it possible to view a container of pointers
+(e.g. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">list&lt;foo*&gt;</span></tt>) as if it were a container of the pointed-to type
+(e.g. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">list&lt;foo&gt;</span></tt>).  <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> depends on two
+auxiliary traits, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">pointee</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_reference</span></tt>, to
+provide support for underlying iterators whose <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">value_type</span></tt> is
+not an iterator.</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
-<p>The indirect iterator adapts an iterator by applying an <em>extra</em>
-dereference inside of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">operator*()</span></tt>. For example, this iterator
-adaptor makes it possible to view a container of pointers
-(e.g. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">list&lt;foo*&gt;</span></tt>) as if it were a container of the pointed-to type
-(e.g. <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">list&lt;foo&gt;</span></tt>) .</p>
-<!-- At some point we should add the capability to handle
-iterators over smart pointers, which the impl handles. -JGS -->
 <div class="contents topic" id="table-of-contents">
 <p class="topic-title"><a name="table-of-contents">Table of Contents</a></p>
 <ul class="simple">
-<li><a class="reference" href="#indirect-iterator-requirements" id="id1" name="id1"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> requirements</a></li>
-<li><a class="reference" href="#indirect-iterator-operations" id="id2" name="id2"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> operations</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference" href="#indirect-iterator-synopsis" id="id2" name="id2"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> synopsis</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference" href="#indirect-iterator-requirements" id="id3" name="id3"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> requirements</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference" href="#indirect-iterator-models" id="id4" name="id4"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> models</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference" href="#indirect-iterator-operations" id="id5" name="id5"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> operations</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference" href="#example" id="id6" name="id6">Example</a></li>
 </ul>
 </div>
+<div class="section" id="indirect-iterator-synopsis">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2" name="indirect-iterator-synopsis"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> synopsis</a></h1>
 <pre class="literal-block">
 template &lt;
    class Iterator
  , class Value = use_default
-  , unsigned Access  = use_default_access
-  , class Traversal  = use_default
+  , class CategoryOrTraversal = use_default
  , class Reference = use_default
  , class Difference = use_default
 &gt;
 class indirect_iterator
-  : public iterator_adaptor&lt;/* see discussion */&gt;
 {
-    friend class iterator_core_access;
 public:
+    typedef /* see below */ value_type;
+    typedef /* see below */ reference;
+    typedef /* see below */ pointer;
+    typedef /* see below */ difference_type;
+    typedef /* see below */ iterator_category;
+
    indirect_iterator();
    indirect_iterator(Iterator x);
+
    template &lt;
-        class Iterator2, class Value2, unsigned Access2, class Traversal2
+        class Iterator2, class Value2, class Category2
      , class Reference2, class Difference2
    &gt;
    indirect_iterator(
        indirect_iterator&lt;
-             Iterator2, Value2, Access2, Traversal2, Reference2, Difference2
+             Iterator2, Value2, Category2, Reference2, Difference2
        &gt; const&amp; y
      , typename enable_if_convertible&lt;Iterator2, Iterator&gt;::type* = 0 // exposition
    );
-private: // as-if specification
-    typename indirect_iterator::reference dereference() const
-    {
-        return **this-&gt;base();
-    }
+
+    Iterator const&amp; base() const;
+    reference operator*() const;
+    indirect_iterator&amp; operator++();
+    indirect_iterator&amp; operator--();
+private:
+   Iterator m_iterator; // exposition
 };
 </pre>
-<div class="section" id="indirect-iterator-requirements">
-<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1" name="indirect-iterator-requirements"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> requirements</a></h1>
-<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">value_type</span></tt> of the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt> template parameter should
-itself be dereferenceable. The return type of the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">operator*</span></tt> for
-the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">value_type</span></tt> must be the same type as the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Reference</span></tt> template
-parameter. The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Value</span></tt> template parameter will be the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">value_type</span></tt>
-for the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt>, unless <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Value</span></tt> is const. If <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Value</span></tt>
-is <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">const</span> <span class="pre">X</span></tt>, then <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">value_type</span></tt> will be <em>non-</em> <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">const</span> <span class="pre">X</span></tt>.  The
-default for <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Value</span></tt> is</p>
+<p>The member types of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> are defined according to
+the following pseudo-code, where <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">V</span></tt> is
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::value_type</span></tt></p>
 <pre class="literal-block">
-iterator_traits&lt; iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::value_type &gt;::value_type
+if (Value is use_default) then
+    typedef remove_const&lt;pointee&lt;V&gt;::type&gt;::type value_type;
+else
+    typedef remove_const&lt;Value&gt;::type value_type;
+
+if (Reference is use_default) then
+    if (Value is use_default) then
+        typedef indirect_reference&lt;V&gt;::type reference;
+    else
+        typedef Value&amp; reference;
+else
+    typedef Reference reference;
+
+if (Value is use_default) then 
+    typedef pointee&lt;V&gt;::type* pointer;
+else 
+    typedef Value* pointer;
+
+if (Difference is use_default)
+    typedef iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::difference_type difference_type;
+else
+    typedef Difference difference_type;
+
+if (CategoryOrTraversal is use_default)
+    typedef <em>iterator-category</em> (
+        iterator_traversal&lt;Iterator&gt;::type,``reference``,``value_type``
+    ) iterator_category;
+else
+    typedef <em>iterator-category</em> (
+        CategoryOrTraversal,``reference``,``value_type``
+    ) iterator_category;
 </pre>
-<p>If the default is used for <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Value</span></tt>, then there must be a valid
-specialization of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_traits</span></tt> for the value type of the base
-iterator.</p>
-<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Reference</span></tt> parameter will be the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reference</span></tt> type of the
-<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt>. The default is <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Value&amp;</span></tt>.</p>
-<p>The <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Access</span></tt> and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Traversal</span></tt> parameters are passed unchanged to
-the corresponding parameters of the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_adaptor</span></tt> base
-class, and  the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt> parameter is passed unchanged as the
-<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Base</span></tt> parameter to the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_adaptor</span></tt> base class.</p>
-<p>The indirect iterator will model the most refined standard traversal
-concept that is modeled by the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt> type.  The indirect
-iterator will model the most refined standard access concept that is
-modeled by the value type of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt>.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="indirect-iterator-requirements">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3" name="indirect-iterator-requirements"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> requirements</a></h1>
+<p>The expression <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">*v</span></tt>, where <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">v</span></tt> is an object of
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::value_type</span></tt>, shall be valid
+expression and convertible to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reference</span></tt>.  <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt> shall
+model the traversal concept indicated by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_category</span></tt>.
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Value</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Reference</span></tt>, and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Difference</span></tt> shall be chosen so
+that <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">value_type</span></tt>, <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reference</span></tt>, and <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">difference_type</span></tt> meet
+the requirements indicated by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_category</span></tt>.</p>
+<p>[Note: there are further requirements on the
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::value_type</span></tt> if the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Value</span></tt>
+parameter is not <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">use_default</span></tt>, as implied by the algorithm for
+deducing the default for the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">value_type</span></tt> member.]</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="indirect-iterator-models">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4" name="indirect-iterator-models"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> models</a></h1>
+<p>In addition to the concepts indicated by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_category</span></tt>
+and by <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_traversal&lt;indirect_iterator&gt;::type</span></tt>, a
+specialization of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> models the following
+concepts, Where <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">v</span></tt> is an object of
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::value_type</span></tt>:</p>
+<blockquote>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li>Readable Iterator if <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reference(*v)</span></tt> is convertible to
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">value_type</span></tt>.</li>
+<li>Writable Iterator if <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reference(*v)</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">t</span></tt> is a valid
+expression (where <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">t</span></tt> is an object of type
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator::value_type</span></tt>)</li>
+<li>Lvalue Iterator if <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reference</span></tt> is a reference type.</li>
+</ul>
+</blockquote>
+<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator&lt;X,V1,C1,R1,D1&gt;</span></tt> is interoperable with
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator&lt;Y,V2,C2,R2,D2&gt;</span></tt> if and only if <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">X</span></tt> is
+interoperable with <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Y</span></tt>.</p>
 </div>
 <div class="section" id="indirect-iterator-operations">
-<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2" name="indirect-iterator-operations"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> operations</a></h1>
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5" name="indirect-iterator-operations"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> operations</a></h1>
+<p>In addition to the operations required by the concepts described
+above, specializations of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> provide the
+following operations.</p>
 <p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator();</span></tt></p>
 <table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
 <col class="field-name" />
@@ -313,8 +182,8 @@ modeled by the value type of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</spa
 <tbody valign="top">
 <tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Requires:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt> must be Default Constructible.</td>
 </tr>
-<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> with
-a default constructed base object.</td>
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Effects:</th><td class="field-body">Constructs an instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> with 
+a default-constructed <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_iterator</span></tt>.</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
@@ -323,8 +192,8 @@ a default constructed base object.</td>
 <col class="field-name" />
 <col class="field-body" />
 <tbody valign="top">
-<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> with
-the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">iterator_adaptor</span></tt> subobject copy constructed from <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">x</span></tt>.</td>
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Effects:</th><td class="field-body">Constructs an instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> with
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_iterator</span></tt> copy constructed from <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">x</span></tt>.</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
@@ -346,16 +215,117 @@ indirect_iterator(
 <tbody valign="top">
 <tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Requires:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator2</span></tt> is implicitly convertible to <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span></tt>.</td>
 </tr>
-<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body">An instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> that is a copy of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">y</span></tt>.</td>
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Effects:</th><td class="field-body">Constructs an instance of <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> whose 
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_iterator</span></tt> subobject is constructed from <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">y.base()</span></tt>.</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
 </table>
+<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">Iterator</span> <span class="pre">const&amp;</span> <span class="pre">base()</span> <span class="pre">const;</span></tt></p>
+<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">m_iterator</span></tt></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">reference</span> <span class="pre">operator*()</span> <span class="pre">const;</span></tt></p>
+<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">**m_iterator</span></tt></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator&amp;</span> <span class="pre">operator++();</span></tt></p>
+<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Effects:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">++m_iterator</span></tt></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">*this</span></tt></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator&amp;</span> <span class="pre">operator--();</span></tt></p>
+<table class="field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="field-name" />
+<col class="field-body" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Effects:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">--m_iterator</span></tt></td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Returns:</th><td class="field-body"><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">*this</span></tt></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="example">
+<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6" name="example">Example</a></h1>
+<p>This example prints an array of characters, using
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> to access the array of characters through an
+array of pointers. Next <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">indirect_iterator</span></tt> is used with the
+<tt class="literal"><span class="pre">transform</span></tt> algorithm to copy the characters (incremented by one) to
+another array. A constant indirect iterator is used for the source and
+a mutable indirect iterator is used for the destination. The last part
+of the example prints the original array of characters, but this time
+using the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">make_indirect_iterator</span></tt> helper function.</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">
+char characters[] = &quot;abcdefg&quot;;
+const int N = sizeof(characters)/sizeof(char) - 1; // -1 since characters has a null char
+char* pointers_to_chars[N];                        // at the end.
+for (int i = 0; i &lt; N; ++i)
+  pointers_to_chars[i] = &amp;characters[i];
+
+// Example of using indirect_iterator
+
+boost::indirect_iterator&lt;char**, char&gt;
+  indirect_first(pointers_to_chars), indirect_last(pointers_to_chars + N);
+
+std::copy(indirect_first, indirect_last, std::ostream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(std::cout, &quot;,&quot;));
+std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+
+// Example of making mutable and constant indirect iterators
+
+char mutable_characters[N];
+char* pointers_to_mutable_chars[N];
+for (int j = 0; j &lt; N; ++j)
+  pointers_to_mutable_chars[j] = &amp;mutable_characters[j];
+
+boost::indirect_iterator&lt;char* const*&gt; mutable_indirect_first(pointers_to_mutable_chars),
+  mutable_indirect_last(pointers_to_mutable_chars + N);
+boost::indirect_iterator&lt;char* const*, char const&gt; const_indirect_first(pointers_to_chars),
+  const_indirect_last(pointers_to_chars + N);
+
+std::transform(const_indirect_first, const_indirect_last,
+               mutable_indirect_first, std::bind1st(std::plus&lt;char&gt;(), 1));
+
+std::copy(mutable_indirect_first, mutable_indirect_last,
+          std::ostream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(std::cout, &quot;,&quot;));
+std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+
+// Example of using make_indirect_iterator()
+
+std::copy(boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers_to_chars), 
+          boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers_to_chars + N),
+          std::ostream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(std::cout, &quot;,&quot;));
+std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+</pre>
+<p>The output is:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">
+a,b,c,d,e,f,g,
+b,c,d,e,f,g,h,
+a,b,c,d,e,f,g,
+</pre>
+<p>The source code for this example can be found <a class="reference" href="../example/indirect_iterator_example.cpp">here</a>.</p>
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