From 03248b5fd8879b751cf1f66d5f248706b6452090 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: nobody Date: Tue, 21 Mar 2006 02:26:31 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 01/23] This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create branch 'RC_1_34_0'. [SVN r33417] From 0961a6598a4001fec58ea93ff19e52bd4a5f86b7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Hartmut Kaiser Date: Thu, 8 Jun 2006 01:39:40 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 02/23] Disambiguated certain constructs. [SVN r34226] --- include/boost/optional/optional.hpp | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp index 47340b5..7219be0 100644 --- a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp +++ b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp @@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class optional_base : public optional_tag { private : - typedef BOOST_DEDUCED_TYPENAME detail::make_reference_content::type internal_type ; + typedef BOOST_DEDUCED_TYPENAME ::boost::detail::make_reference_content::type internal_type ; typedef aligned_storage storage_type ; From 9ccefc8349f92b516b690f8db1fe000a8266efa7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dave Abrahams Date: Mon, 12 Jun 2006 19:02:41 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 03/23] workaround for Borland [SVN r34288] --- include/boost/optional/optional.hpp | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp index 7219be0..4421f4a 100644 --- a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp +++ b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp @@ -133,7 +133,11 @@ class optional_base : public optional_tag { private : - typedef BOOST_DEDUCED_TYPENAME ::boost::detail::make_reference_content::type internal_type ; + typedef +#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x564)) + BOOST_DEDUCED_TYPENAME +#endif + ::boost::detail::make_reference_content::type internal_type ; typedef aligned_storage storage_type ; From 4599ae0bfde05e1961d039cd9d414356b295cbcd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Gennaro Prota Date: Thu, 20 Jul 2006 23:23:09 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 04/23] merge from head [removed unnamed namespace (see http://lists.boost.org/Archives/boost/2006/07/107873.php); usual copyright/license/url fixes] [SVN r34647] --- include/boost/none.hpp | 11 ++++------- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/boost/none.hpp b/include/boost/none.hpp index 693dbdf..b0e94a2 100644 --- a/include/boost/none.hpp +++ b/include/boost/none.hpp @@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ // Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal. // -// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software -// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at +// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. +// (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) // -// See http://www.boost.org/lib/optional for documentation. +// See http://www.boost.org/lib/optional/ for documentation. // // You are welcome to contact the author at: // fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com @@ -16,15 +16,12 @@ // NOTE: Borland users have to include this header outside any precompiled headers // (bcc<=5.64 cannot include instance data in a precompiled header) +// -- * To be verified, now that there's no unnamed namespace namespace boost { -namespace { - none_t const none = ((none_t)0) ; -} - } // namespace boost #endif From 5182283649b87ecf1e1daeaff62edeb3d92fee8c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Dave Abrahams Date: Sat, 4 Nov 2006 02:13:53 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 05/23] misused "precedence" changed to "precedent" [SVN r35831] --- doc/optional.html | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/optional.html b/doc/optional.html index 895312d..8143319 100644 --- a/doc/optional.html +++ b/doc/optional.html @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ undefined behavior which in our case is either T or nil_t.
Using the Boost.Variant library, this model can be implemented in terms of boost::variant<T,nil_t>.
- There is precedence for a discriminated union as a model for an optional value: the + There is precedent for a discriminated union as a model for an optional value: the Haskell Maybe built-in type constructor. Thus, a discriminated union T+nil_t serves as a conceptual foundation.

A variant<T,nil_t> follows naturally from the traditional idiom of extending @@ -1611,4 +1611,4 @@ the latest version of this file can be found at www.boost.org, and the boost discussion lists

- \ No newline at end of file + From c23c21d9c221cc6ecc37e19da2c40502c5372433 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Rene Rivera Date: Mon, 6 Nov 2006 17:10:46 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 06/23] Remove obsolete Boost.Build v1 files. [SVN r35880] --- test/Jamfile | 37 ------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 37 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 test/Jamfile diff --git a/test/Jamfile b/test/Jamfile deleted file mode 100644 index 1f8b84a..0000000 --- a/test/Jamfile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,37 +0,0 @@ -# Boost.Optional Library test Jamfile -# -# Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal. -# -# Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software -# License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at -# http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -# - -subproject libs/optional/test ; - -# bring in rules for testing -SEARCH on testing.jam = $(BOOST_BUILD_PATH) ; -include testing.jam ; - -# Make tests run by default. -DEPENDS all : test ; - -{ - test-suite optional : - [ run optional_test.cpp ] - [ run optional_test_tie.cpp ] - [ run optional_test_ref.cpp ] - [ run optional_test_inplace.cpp ] - [ run optional_test_io.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_fail1.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_fail2.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_fail3a.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_fail3b.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail1.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail2.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail3.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail4.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_inplace_fail.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_inplace_fail2.cpp ] - ; -} From 3dc3f46d66023f541476fd8000bea229c8e1f989 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Beman Dawes Date: Tue, 7 Nov 2006 19:27:00 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 07/23] Merged copyright and license addition [SVN r35907] --- index.html | 6 +++++- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index cac816c..ed59314 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ Automatic redirection failed, please go to -doc/optional.html. +doc/optional.html. 
+

© Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001

+

Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying +file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy +at www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)

\ No newline at end of file From f258713788d43b9377a857882420fe2cfa10c2f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fernando Cacciola Date: Thu, 1 Mar 2007 21:39:25 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 08/23] Fixed operator->() for optional references. [SVN r37124] --- include/boost/optional/optional.hpp | 57 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++-- 1 file changed, 53 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp index 4421f4a..2135a59 100644 --- a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp +++ b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp @@ -185,6 +185,16 @@ class optional_base : public optional_tag { construct(val); } + + // Creates an optional initialized with 'val' IFF cond is true, otherwise creates an uninitialzed optional. + // Can throw if T::T(T const&) does + optional_base ( bool cond, argument_type val ) + : + m_initialized(false) + { + if ( cond ) + construct(val); + } // Creates a deep copy of another optional // Can throw if T::T(T const&) does @@ -418,6 +428,8 @@ class optional_base : public optional_tag // the following olverloads are used to filter out the case and guarantee an error in case of T being a reference. pointer_const_type cast_ptr( internal_type const* p, is_not_reference_tag ) const { return p ; } pointer_type cast_ptr( internal_type * p, is_not_reference_tag ) { return p ; } + pointer_const_type cast_ptr( internal_type const* p, is_reference_tag ) const { return &p->get() ; } + pointer_type cast_ptr( internal_type * p, is_reference_tag ) { return &p->get() ; } bool m_initialized ; storage_type m_storage ; @@ -455,6 +467,9 @@ class optional : public optional_detail::optional_base // Can throw if T::T(T const&) does optional ( argument_type val ) : base(val) {} + // Creates an optional initialized with 'val' IFF cond is true, otherwise creates an uninitialized optional. + // Can throw if T::T(T const&) does + optional ( bool cond, argument_type val ) : base(cond,val) {} #ifndef BOOST_OPTIONAL_NO_CONVERTING_COPY_CTOR // NOTE: MSVC needs templated versions first @@ -549,6 +564,10 @@ class optional : public optional_detail::optional_base reference_const_type get() const { BOOST_ASSERT(this->is_initialized()) ; return this->get_impl(); } reference_type get() { BOOST_ASSERT(this->is_initialized()) ; return this->get_impl(); } + // Returns a copy of the value if this is initialized, 'v' otherwise + reference_const_type get_value_or ( reference_const_type v ) const { return this->is_initialized() ? get() : v ; } + reference_type get_value_or ( reference_type v ) { return this->is_initialized() ? get() : v ; } + // Returns a pointer to the value if this is initialized, otherwise, // the behaviour is UNDEFINED // No-throw @@ -570,6 +589,22 @@ class optional : public optional_detail::optional_base bool operator!() const { return !this->is_initialized() ; } } ; +// Returns optional(v) +template +inline +optional make_optional ( T const& v ) +{ + return optional(v); +} + +// Returns optional(cond,v) +template +inline +optional make_optional ( bool cond, T const& v ) +{ + return optional(cond,v); +} + // Returns a reference to the value if this is initialized, otherwise, the behaviour is UNDEFINED. // No-throw template @@ -606,6 +641,24 @@ get ( optional* opt ) return opt->get_ptr() ; } +// Returns a reference to the value if this is initialized, otherwise, the behaviour is UNDEFINED. +// No-throw +template +inline +BOOST_DEDUCED_TYPENAME optional::reference_const_type +get_optional_value_or ( optional const& opt, BOOST_DEDUCED_TYPENAME optional::reference_const_type v ) +{ + return opt.get_value_or(v) ; +} + +template +inline +BOOST_DEDUCED_TYPENAME optional::reference_type +get_optional_value_or ( optional& opt, BOOST_DEDUCED_TYPENAME optional::reference_type v ) +{ + return opt.get_value_or(v) ; +} + // Returns a pointer to the value if this is initialized, otherwise, returns NULL. // No-throw template @@ -767,10 +820,6 @@ template inline void swap ( optional& x, optional& y ) optional_detail::optional_swap(x,y); } -template inline optional make_optional ( T const& v ) -{ - return optional(v); -} } // namespace boost From 9bbde2be14ae0dde6eec6e250ca8c1fdcd9cb3ef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fernando Cacciola Date: Thu, 1 Mar 2007 21:50:12 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 09/23] Fixed operator->() for optional references. [SVN r37125] --- test/Jamfile.v2 | 1 - test/optional_test.cpp | 114 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- test/optional_test_ref.cpp | 18 +++++ test/optional_test_ref_fail2.cpp | 23 ------- 4 files changed, 131 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 test/optional_test_ref_fail2.cpp diff --git a/test/Jamfile.v2 b/test/Jamfile.v2 index d20cd84..da08dfe 100644 --- a/test/Jamfile.v2 +++ b/test/Jamfile.v2 @@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ import testing ; [ compile-fail optional_test_fail3a.cpp ] [ compile-fail optional_test_fail3b.cpp ] [ compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail1.cpp ] - [ compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail2.cpp ] [ compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail3.cpp ] [ compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail4.cpp ] [ compile-fail optional_test_inplace_fail.cpp ] diff --git a/test/optional_test.cpp b/test/optional_test.cpp index 12dda2a..3050639 100644 --- a/test/optional_test.cpp +++ b/test/optional_test.cpp @@ -15,7 +15,9 @@ #define BOOST_ENABLE_ASSERT_HANDLER -#include "boost/optional.hpp" +#include "boost/bind/apply.hpp" // Included just to test proper interaction with boost::apply<> as reported by Daniel Wallin + +#include "boost/optional/optional.hpp" #ifdef __BORLANDC__ #pragma hdrstop @@ -151,6 +153,95 @@ void test_basics( T const* ) ob.reset(); check_is_pending_dtor( ARG(T) ) ; check_uninitialized(ob); + +} + +template +void test_conditional_ctor_and_get_valur_or ( T const* ) +{ + TRACE( std::endl << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION ); + + T a(321); + + T z(123); + + optional const cdef0(false,a); + + optional def0(false,a); + optional def1 = boost::make_optional(false,a); // T is not within boost so ADL won't find make_optional unqualified + check_uninitialized(def0); + check_uninitialized(def1); + + optional const co0(true,a); + + optional o0(true,a); + optional o1 = boost::make_optional(true,a); // T is not within boost so ADL won't find make_optional unqualified + + check_initialized(o0); + check_initialized(o1); + check_value(o0,a,z); + check_value(o1,a,z); + + T b = def0.get_value_or(z); + BOOST_CHECK( b == z ) ; + + b = get_optional_value_or(def0,z); + BOOST_CHECK( b == z ) ; + + b = o0.get_value_or(z); + BOOST_CHECK( b == a ) ; + + b = get_optional_value_or(o0,z); + BOOST_CHECK( b == a ) ; + + + T const& crz = z ; + T& rz = z ; + + T const& crzz = def0.get_value_or(crz); + BOOST_CHECK( crzz == crz ) ; + + T& rzz = def0.get_value_or(rz); + BOOST_CHECK( rzz == rz ) ; + + T const& crzzz = get_optional_value_or(cdef0,crz); + BOOST_CHECK( crzzz == crz ) ; + + T& rzzz = get_optional_value_or(def0,rz); + BOOST_CHECK( rzzz == rz ) ; + + T const& crb = o0.get_value_or(crz); + BOOST_CHECK( crb == a ) ; + + T& rb = o0.get_value_or(rz); + BOOST_CHECK( rb == b ) ; + + T const& crbb = get_optional_value_or(co0,crz); + BOOST_CHECK( crbb == b ) ; + + T const& crbbb = get_optional_value_or(o0,crz); + BOOST_CHECK( crbbb == b ) ; + + T& rbb = get_optional_value_or(o0,rz); + BOOST_CHECK( rbb == b ) ; + + T& ra = a ; + + optional defref(false,ra); + BOOST_CHECK(!defref); + + optional ref(true,ra); + BOOST_CHECK(!!ref); + + a = T(432); + + BOOST_CHECK( *ref == a ) ; + + T& r1 = defref.get_value_or(z); + BOOST_CHECK( r1 == z ) ; + + T& r2 = ref.get_value_or(z); + BOOST_CHECK( r2 == a ) ; } // @@ -683,11 +774,30 @@ void test_none( T const* ) test_default_implicit_construction(T(1),none); } +template +void test_arrow( T const* ) +{ + TRACE( std::endl << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION ); + + T a(1234); + + optional oa(a) ; + optional const coa(a) ; + + BOOST_CHECK ( coa->V() == 1234 ) ; + + oa->V() = 4321 ; + + BOOST_CHECK ( a.V() = 1234 ) ; + BOOST_CHECK ( (*oa).V() = 4321 ) ; +} + void test_with_builtin_types() { TRACE( std::endl << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION ); test_basics( ARG(double) ); + test_conditional_ctor_and_get_valur_or( ARG(double) ); test_uninitialized_access( ARG(double) ); test_no_throwing_swap( ARG(double) ); test_relops( ARG(double) ) ; @@ -699,6 +809,7 @@ void test_with_class_type() TRACE( std::endl << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION ); test_basics( ARG(X) ); + test_conditional_ctor_and_get_valur_or( ARG(X) ); test_direct_value_manip( ARG(X) ); test_uninitialized_access( ARG(X) ); test_throwing_direct_init( ARG(X) ); @@ -711,6 +822,7 @@ void test_with_class_type() test_throwing_swap( ARG(X) ); test_relops( ARG(X) ) ; test_none( ARG(X) ) ; + test_arrow( ARG(X) ) ; BOOST_CHECK ( X::count == 0 ) ; } diff --git a/test/optional_test_ref.cpp b/test/optional_test_ref.cpp index 1ccaeb4..91149ba 100644 --- a/test/optional_test_ref.cpp +++ b/test/optional_test_ref.cpp @@ -299,6 +299,23 @@ void test_none( T const* ) BOOST_CHECK ( !non_def ) ; } +template +void test_arrow( T const* ) +{ + TRACE( std::endl << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION ); + + T a(1234); + + optional oa(a) ; + optional const coa(a) ; + + BOOST_CHECK ( coa->V() == 1234 ) ; + + oa->V() = 4321 ; + + BOOST_CHECK ( a.V() = 4321 ) ; +} + void test_with_builtin_types() { TRACE( std::endl << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION ); @@ -315,6 +332,7 @@ void test_with_class_type() test_basics( ARG(X) ); test_relops( ARG(X) ) ; test_none ( ARG(X) ) ; + test_arrow ( ARG(X) ) ; BOOST_CHECK ( X::count == 0 ) ; } diff --git a/test/optional_test_ref_fail2.cpp b/test/optional_test_ref_fail2.cpp deleted file mode 100644 index 732c995..0000000 --- a/test/optional_test_ref_fail2.cpp +++ /dev/null @@ -1,23 +0,0 @@ -// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal. -// -// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software -// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at -// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -// -// See http://www.boost.org/lib/optional for documentation. -// -// You are welcome to contact the author at: -// fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com -// -#include "boost/optional.hpp" - -// -// THIS TEST SHOULD FAIL TO COMPILE -// -void optional_reference__test_no_ptr_access() -{ - boost::optional opt ; - opt.get_ptr(); -} - - From b6a1946a606ed0016479a27f74d736a550aa2c74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fernando Cacciola Date: Thu, 1 Mar 2007 23:08:33 +0000 Subject: [PATCH 10/23] none_t/none reimplemented to avoid precompiled header issues (thanks to Joe Gottam) optional now has direct relational operator optional::operator-> fixed for reference types [SVN r37126] --- doc/optional.html | 388 ++++++++++++++++++---------- include/boost/none.hpp | 9 +- include/boost/none_t.hpp | 24 -- include/boost/optional/optional.hpp | 116 +++++++-- test/Jamfile.v2 | 1 - test/optional_test.cpp | 39 ++- 6 files changed, 391 insertions(+), 186 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 include/boost/none_t.hpp diff --git a/doc/optional.html b/doc/optional.html index 8143319..c0f62cc 100644 --- a/doc/optional.html +++ b/doc/optional.html @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ HREF="../../../boost/optional/optional.hpp">boost/optional/optional.hpp>
Examples
Optional references
Rebinding semantics for assignment of optional references
+
none_t
In-Place Factories
A note about optional<bool>
Exception Safety Guarantees
@@ -139,7 +140,7 @@ necessary in order to do so.

purpose of optional<T> suggests an alternative model: a container that either has a value of T or nothing.

-

As of this writing I don't know of any precedence for a variable-size fixed-capacity (of 1) +

As of this writing I don't know of any precedent for a variable-size fixed-capacity (of 1) stack-based container model for optional values, yet I believe this is the consequence of the lack of practical implementations of such a container rather than an inherent shortcoming of the container model.

@@ -324,6 +325,8 @@ class optional optional ( T const& v ) ; + optional ( bool condition, T const& v ) ; [new in 1.34] + optional ( optional const& rhs ) ; template<class U> explicit optional ( optional<U> const& rhs ) ; @@ -347,6 +350,8 @@ class optional T const& get() const ; T& get() ; + T const& get_value_or( T const& default ) const ; [new in 1.34] + T const* operator ->() const ; T* operator ->() ; @@ -380,6 +385,36 @@ template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, op template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; +template<class T> inline bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator < ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator > ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator == ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator != ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator < ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator > ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline optional<T> make_optional ( T const& v ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline optional<T> make_optional ( bool condition, T const& v ) ; [new in 1.34] + +template<class T> inline T const& get_optional_value_or ( optional<T> const& opt, T const& default ) ; [new in 1.34] + template<class T> inline T const& get ( optional<T> const& opt ) ; template<class T> inline T& get ( optional<T> & opt ) ; @@ -436,7 +471,7 @@ assert ( !def ) ; 
optional<T>::optional( none_t );
-

Effect: Constructs an optional uninitialized.

+

Effect: Constructs an optional uninitialized.

Postconditions: *this is uninitialized.

Throws: Nothing.

Notes:

@@ -448,9 +483,11 @@ used as the parameter.

Example:

- 
#include <boost/none.hpp>
- 
optional<T> n(none) ;
-assert ( !n ) ;
+
+#include <boost/none.hpp>
+optional<int> n(boost::none) ;
+assert ( !n ) ;
+
@@ -459,7 +496,6 @@ assert ( !n ) ; 
optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( T const& v )

Effect: Directly-Constructs an optional.

-

Postconditions: *this is initialized and its value is a copy of 'v'.

Throws: Whatever T::T( T const& ) throws.

Notes: T::T( T const& ) is called.

@@ -468,9 +504,11 @@ in that case, this constructor has no effect.

Example:

-
T v;
+
+T v;
 optional<T> opt(v);
-assert ( *opt == v ) ;

+assert ( *opt == v ) ;
+
@@ -484,17 +522,37 @@ instance of an internal type wrapping the reference 'ref'.

Throws: Nothing.

Example:

-
T v;
+
+T v;
 T& vref = v ;
 optional<T&> opt(vref);
 assert ( *opt == v ) ;
 ++ v ; // mutate referee
-assert (*opt == v); 

+assert (*opt == v); 
+
+
optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( bool condition, T const& v ) ;
+optional<T&>           ::optional( bool condition, T&       v ) ;
+
+ +
+

If condition is true, same as:

+
optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( T const& v )
+optional<T&>           ::optional( T&       v )
+
+

otherwise, same as:

+
+optional<T (not a ref)>::optional()
+optional<T&>           ::optional()
+
+
+ +
+ 
optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( optional const& rhs );

Effect: Copy-Constructs an optional.

@@ -508,7 +566,8 @@ in that case, this constructor has no effect.

Example:

- 
optional<T> uninit ;
+
+optional<T> uninit ;
 assert (!uninit);
 
 optional<T> uinit2 ( uninit ) ;
@@ -537,7 +596,8 @@ is uninitialized.

 reefer to the same object (they alias).

 
Example:

 

-        
optional<T&> uninit ;
+
+optional<T&> uninit ;
 assert (!uninit);
 
 optional<T&> uinit2 ( uninit ) ;
@@ -580,7 +640,8 @@ in that case, this constructor has no effect.
 
Example:

 

 
-
optional<double> x(123.4);
+
+optional<double> x(123.4);
 assert ( *x == 123.4 ) ;
 
 optional<int> y(x) ;
@@ -608,7 +669,8 @@ in that case, this constructor has no effect.
 
Example:

 

 
-
class C { C ( char, double, std::string ) ; } ;
+
+class C { C ( char, double, std::string ) ; } ;
 
 C v('A',123.4,"hello");
 
@@ -624,6 +686,27 @@ assert ( *y == v ) ;
 
 

 
+
optional& optional<T>::operator= ( none_t n ) ;

+

+
Effect: Same as opeator=(optional const& rhs), when rhs is default-constructed (uninitialized).

+
Postconditions: *this is uninitialized

+
Example:

+

+
+#include <boost/none.hpp>
+
+optional<int> def ;
+optional<int> opt(123) ;
+
+opt = boost::none ;
+
+assert ( opt == def ) ;
+

+

+

+
+

+
 
optional& optional<T (not a ref)>::operator= ( T const& rhs ) ;

 

 
Effect: Assigns the value 'rhs' to an optional.

@@ -639,7 +722,8 @@ uninitialized and T's copy constructor fails, *this is left
 properly uninitialized]

 
Example:

 

-    
T x;
+
+T x;
 optional<T> def ;
 optional<T> opt(x) ;
 
@@ -662,7 +746,8 @@ and it references the same object referenced by rhs.

 new object. See here for details on this behavior.

 
Example:

 

-    
int a = 1 ;
+
+int a = 1 ;
 int b = 2 ;
 T& ra = a ;
 T& rb = b ;
@@ -792,12 +877,11 @@ assert ( *opt1 == static_cast<U>(v) ) ;
 

 
void optional<T>::reset() ;

 

-
Deprecated: Same as operator=( detail::none_t );

+
Deprecated: Same as operator=( none_t n);

 

 
 

 
-
 
T const& optional<T (not a ref)>::operator*() const ;
 T&       optional<T (not a ref)>::operator*();

 
@@ -828,6 +912,32 @@ assert ( *opt == w ) ;
 
 

 
+
T const& optional<T (not a ref)>::get_value_or( T const& default) const ;
+T&       optional<T (not a ref)>::get_value_or( T&       default ) ;
+
+inline T const& get_optional_value_or ( optional<T (not a ref)> const& o, T const& default ) ;
+inline T&       get_optional_value_or ( optional<T (not a ref)>&       o, T&       default ) ;
+

+

+
Returns: A reference to the contained value, if any, or default

+
Throws: Nothing.

+
Example:

+

+    
T v, z ;
+optional<T> def;
+T const& y = def.get_value_or(z);
+assert ( y == z ) ;
+
+optional<T> opt ( v );
+T const& u = get_optional_value_or(opt,z);
+assert ( u == v ) ;
+assert ( u != z ) ;
+

+  

+    

+

+

+
 
 
T const& optional<T&>::operator*() const ;
 T      & optional<T&>::operator*();

@@ -857,29 +967,39 @@ assert ( *opt == v ) ;

 
 

 
-
T const* optional<T (not a ref)>::get_ptr() const ;
-T*       optional<T (not a ref)>::get_ptr() ;
+
T const* optional<T>::get_ptr() const ;
+T*       optional<T>::get_ptr() ;
 
-inline T const* get_pointer ( optional<T (not a ref)> const& ) ;
-inline T*       get_pointer ( optional<T (not a ref)> &) ;
+inline T const* get_pointer ( optional<T> const& ) ;
+inline T*       get_pointer ( optional<T> &) ;
 

 

 
Returns: If *this is initialized, a pointer to the contained
 value; else 0 (null).
 

 
Throws: Nothing.

+
Notes: If T is a reference type, the pointer is to the referenced object

 
Notes: The contained value is permanently stored within *this, so
-you should not hold nor delete this pointer
+you should not hold nor delete this pointer.
 

 
Example:

 

-    
T v;
-optional<T> opt(v);
-optional<T> const copt(v);
-T* p = opt.get_ptr() ;
-T const* cp = copt.get_ptr();
+    
int v=123;
+optional<int> opt(v);
+optional<int> const copt(v);
+int* p = opt.get_ptr() ;
+int const* cp = copt.get_ptr();
 assert ( p == get_pointer(opt) );
 assert ( cp == get_pointer(copt) ) ;
+
+int& rv = v ;
+optional<int&> optr(rv);
+
+*(optr.get_ptr()) = 456 ;
+
+assert ( v == 456 );
+
+
 

 

 

@@ -888,13 +1008,14 @@ assert ( cp == get_pointer(copt) ) ;
 

 
 
-
T const* optional<T (not a ref)>::operator ->() const ;
-T*       optional<T (not a ref)>::operator ->()       ;
+
T const* optional<T>::operator ->() const ;
+T*       optional<T>::operator ->()       ;
 

 

 
Requirements: *this is initialized.

 
Returns: A pointer to the contained value.

 
Throws: Nothing.

+
Notes: If T is a reference type, the pointer is to the referenced object

 
Notes: The requirement is asserted via BOOST_ASSERT().

 
Example:

 

@@ -902,6 +1023,14 @@ T*       optional<T (not a ref)>::operator ->()       ;
 X x ;
 optional<X> opt (x);
 opt->mdata = 2 ;
+
+X& rx = x ;
+
+optional<X&> optr (rx);
+optr->mdata = 4 ;
+
+assert ( x.mdata = 4 ) 
+
 

 

 

@@ -965,18 +1094,47 @@ assert ( opt.is_initialized() );

 
 

 
+
optional<T (not a ref)> make_optional( T const& v )

+

+
Returns: optional<T>(v) for the deduced type T of v.

+
Example:

+

+
template<class T> void foo ( optional<T> const& opt ) ;
+
+foo ( make_optional(1+1) ) ; // Creates an optional<int>
+

+

+

+
+
optional<T (not a ref)> make_optional( bool condition, T const& v )

+

+
Returns: optional<T>(condition,v) for the deduced type T of v.

+
Example:

+

+
optional<double> calculate_foo()
+{
+  double val = compute_foo();
+  return make_optional(is_not_nan_and_finite(val),val);
+}
+
+optional<double> v = calculate_foo();
+if ( !v )
+  error("foo wasn't computed");
+

+

+
+

+
 
 
bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y );

 

 
Returns: If both x and y are initialied, (*x == *y).
-If only x or y is initialized, false. If both are uninitialized, true.
-

+If only x or y is initialized, false. If both are uninitialized, true. 

 
Throws: Nothing.

 
Notes: Pointers have shallow relational operators while optional has
 deep relational operators. Do not use operator == directly in generic code
 which expect to be given either an optional<T> or a pointer;
-use equal_pointees() instead
-

+use equal_pointees() instead 

 
Example:

 

     
T x(12);
@@ -1012,14 +1170,12 @@ assert ( optX != optZ ) ;
 

 
Returns: If y is not initialized, false.
 If y is initialized and x is not initialized, true.
-If both x and y are initialized, (*x < *y).
-

+If both x and y are initialized, (*x < *y). 

 
Throws: Nothing.

 
Notes: Pointers have shallow relational operators while optional has
 deep relational operators. Do not use operator < directly in generic code
 which expect to be given either an optional<T> or a pointer;
-use less_pointees() instead
-

+use less_pointees() instead 

 
Example:

 

     
T x(12);
@@ -1077,28 +1233,40 @@ assert ( optX != optZ ) ;
   
Throws: Nothing.

 

 
+

+
+bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator == ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator != ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator <  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator >  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator <= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator >= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+

+

+  
Returns: The result obtained by replacing the argument 'n' by optional<T>().

+

 

 
 
void swap ( optional<T>& x, optional<T>& y );

 
 

-
Effect: If both x and y are initialized, calls swap(*x,*y)
-using std::swap.

-If only one is initialized, say x, calls: y.reset(*x); x.reset();

-If none is initialized, does nothing.
-

+
Effect: If both x and y are initialized, calls swap(*x,*y) using std::swap.

+If only one is initialized, say x, calls: y = *x; x = boost:none;

+If none is initialized, does nothing. 

 
Postconditions: The states of x and y interchanged.

 
Throws: If both are initialized, whatever swap(T&,T&) throws.
-If only one is initialized, whatever T::T ( T const& ) throws.
-

-
Notes: If both are initialized, swap(T&,T&) is used unqualified
-but with std::swap introduced in scope.

-If only one is initialized, T::~T() and T::T( T const& ) is called.
-

+If only one is initialized, whatever T::T ( T const& ) throws. 

+
Notes: If both are initialized, swap(T&,T&) is used unqualified but with std::swap introduced in scope.

+If only one is initialized, T::~T() and T::T( T const& ) is called. 

 
Exception Safety: If both are initialized, this operation has the exception
 safety guarantees of swap(T&,T&).

-If only one is initialized, it has the same basic guarantee as optional<T>::reset( T const& ).
-

+If only one is initialized, it has the same basic guarantee as optional<T>::operator=( T const& ). 

 
Example:

 

       
T x(12);
@@ -1148,12 +1316,12 @@ void receive_async_message()
 
optional<string> name ;
 if ( database.open() )
 {
-  name.reset ( database.lookup(employer_name) ) ;
+  name = database.lookup(employer_name) ;
 }
 else
 {
   if ( can_ask_user )
-    name.reset ( user.ask(employer_name) ) ;
+    name = user.ask(employer_name) ;
 }
 
 if ( name )
@@ -1174,7 +1342,7 @@ else print("employer's name not found!");
     void clip_in_rect ( rect const& rect )
       {
          ....
-         m_clipping_rect.reset ( rect ) ; // initialized here.
+         m_clipping_rect = rect ; // initialized here.
       }
 
     void draw ( canvas& cvs )
@@ -1218,15 +1386,16 @@ some operations are not available in this case:

   
  • Converting assignment
    • 
   
  • InPlace construction
    • 
   
  • InPlace assignment
    • 
-  
  • Value-access via pointer
    • 
 
 
    Also, even though optional<T&> treats it wrapped pseudo-object much as a real
 value, a true real reference is stored so aliasing will ocurr: 
    
 
 
      
-  
    • Copies of optional<T&> will copy the references but all these references
+  
    • Copies of optional<T&> copies the reference, but all copied references
   will nonetheless reefer to the same object.
      • 
-  
    • Value-access will actually provide access to the referenced object rather
+  
    • Value-access provides access to the referenced object rather
+  than the reference itself.
      • 
+  
    • Pointer-access provides a pointer to the referenced object rather
   than the reference itself.
      • 
 
    
 
@@ -1254,8 +1423,7 @@ assert(a==b);
 b = 3 ;
 assert(ra!=b); // 'ra' is not rebound to 'b'
 
    
-
    Now, if you assign to an initialized optional<T&>, the effect is to 
-rebind to the new object instead of assigning the referee. This is unlike 
+
    Now, if you assign to an initialized optional<T&>, the effect is to rebind to the new object instead of assigning the referee. This is unlike 
 bare C++ references.
    
 
    int a = 1 ;
 int b = 2 ;
@@ -1309,6 +1477,13 @@ In such scenario, you can assign the value itself directly, as in:
    
 
    assert(!!opt);
 *opt=value;  
    
 
+
    
+
+
    none_t
    
+
    
+
    
+
+
 
    
 
 
    In-Place Factories
    
@@ -1358,8 +1533,7 @@ public:
 
    
 
    A limitation of this method is that it doesn't scale well to wrapped objects with multiple
 constructors nor to generic code were the constructor overloads are unknown.
    
-
    The solution presented in this library is the family of InPlaceFactories and
-TypedInPlaceFactories.
    
+
    The solution presented in this library is the family of InPlaceFactories and TypedInPlaceFactories.
    
 These factories are a family of classes which encapsulate an increasing number of arbitrary
 constructor parameters and supply a method to construct an object of a given type using those
 parameters at an address specified by the user via placement new.
    
@@ -1427,10 +1601,7 @@ public:
   W ( in_place(123,"hello") ) ;
 }
 
    
-
    The factories are implemented in the headers:
-in_place_factory.hpp and
-typed_in_place_factory.hpp
-
    
+
    The factories are implemented in the headers: in_place_factory.hpp and typed_in_place_factory.hpp 
    
 
 
    
 
@@ -1440,9 +1611,8 @@ public:
 the maybe state represents a valid value, unlike the corresponding state
 of an uninitialized optional<bool>.
    
 It should be carefully considered if an optional<bool> instead of a tribool is really needed
    
-
    Second, optional<> provides an implicit conversion to bool. This conversion
-  refers to the initialization state and not to the contained value.
    
-Using optional<bool> can lead to subtle errors due to the implicit bool conversion:
    
+
    Second, optional<> provides a simple way to test initialization state: an implicit conversion to a type that evaluates as a 'bool' in a boolean context.
    
+Using optional<bool> can lead to subtle errors due to this implicit conversion:
    
 
    void foo ( bool v ) ;
 void bar()
 {
@@ -1458,7 +1628,9 @@ void bar()
 integral promotions don't apply (i.e. if foo() takes an 'int' instead, it won't compile). 
    
 
 
    Exception Safety Guarantees
    
-
    Assignment and Reset:
    
+
+
    Assignment:
    
+
    IMPORTANT NOTE: This changed in 1.33.1 with respect to previous versions
    
 
    Because of the current implementation (see Implementation Notes), all
 of the assignment methods:
    
 
      
@@ -1471,61 +1643,17 @@ of the assignment methods:
      
   InPlaceFactory const& ) 
   
    •  template<class TypedInPlaceFactory> optional<T>::operator= (
   TypedInPlaceFactory const& ) 
      • 
-  
    •  optional<T>:::reset ( T const&)
      • 
 
    
-
    Can only guarantee the basic exception safety: The lvalue optional is left uninitialized
-if an exception is thrown (any previous value is first destroyed using T::~T())
    
+
    cannot offer any exception safety guarantee beyond that provided by T::operator=( T const& )
    
 
    On the other hand, the uninitializing methods:
    
 
      
   
    • optional<T>::operator= ( detail::none_t ) 
      • 
-  
    • optional<T>::reset()
      • 
 
    
-
    Provide the no-throw guarantee (assuming a no-throw T::~T())
    
-
    However, since optional<> itself doesn't throw any exceptions,
-the only source for exceptions here are T's constructor, so if you know the exception guarantees
-for T::T ( T const& ), you know that optional's assignment and reset has the same guarantees.
    
-
    //
-// Case 1: Exception thrown during assignment.
-//
-T v0(123);
-optional<T> opt0(v0);
-try
-{
-  T v1(456);
-  optional<T> opt1(v1);
-  opt0 = opt1 ;
+
    Provides the no-throw guarantee (assuming a no-throw T::~T()) becuse it only destroys the stored object.
    
 
-  // If no exception was thrown, assignment succeeded.
-  assert( *opt0 == v1 ) ;
-}
-catch(...)
-{
-  // If any exception was thrown, 'opt0' is reset to uninitialized.
-  assert( !opt0 ) ;
-}
-
-//
-// Case 2: Exception thrown during reset(v)
-//
-T v0(123);
-optional<T> opt(v0);
-try
-{
-  T v1(456);
-  opt.reset ( v1 ) ;
-
-  // If no exception was thrown, reset succeeded.
-  assert( *opt == v1 ) ;
-}
-catch(...)
-{
-  // If any exception was thrown, 'opt' is reset to uninitialized.
-  assert( !opt ) ;
-}
-
    
 
    Swap:
    
 
    void swap( optional<T>&, optional<T>& ) has the same exception guarantee as swap(T&,T&) when both optionals are initialized.
    
-If only one of the optionals is initialized, it gives the same basic exception guarantee as optional<T>::reset( T const& ) (since optional<T>::reset() doesn't throw).
    
+If only one of the optionals is initialized, it gives the same exception guarantee as T::operator=( T const& ) (since optional<T>::operator=( none_t ) doesn't throw).
    
 If none of the optionals is initialized, it has no-throw guarantee since it is a no-op. 
    
 
 
    
@@ -1539,14 +1667,11 @@ T is not required to be Implementation Notes
 
    optional<T> is currently implemented
-  using a custom aligned storage facility built from alignment_of and type_with_alignment (both from Type Traits).
-  It uses a separate boolean flag to indicate the initialization state.
    
-  Placement new with T's copy constructor and T's destructor
-  are explicitly used to initialize,copy and destroy optional values.
    
-  As a result, T's default constructor is effectively by-passed, but the exception
-  guarantees are basic.
    
-  It is planned to replace the current implementation with another with
-  stronger exception safety, such as a future boost::variant. 
    
+  using a custom aligned storage facility built from alignment_of and type_with_alignment (both from Type Traits). 
+  It uses a separate boolean flag to indicate the initialization state.
    
+
    Placement new with T's copy constructor and T's destructor
+  is explicitly used to initialize and destroy optional values. This allows T's default constructor to be effectively by-passed.
    
+
    If assignment is used and the lvalue optional is uninitialized, T's copy constructor is used. However, if it is already initialized, T's assignment operator is used. This prevents optional from offering any exception guarantee stronger than the one offered by the type T itself
    
 
 
    
 
@@ -1600,15 +1725,12 @@ T is not required to be 
-LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at 
-www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
    
+License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
    
 
    Developed by Fernando Cacciola,
 the latest version of this file can be found at www.boost.org, and the boost
-discussion lists
    
-
-
+HREF="http://www.boost.org">www.boost.org, and the boost discussion lists
    
+
    
+
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/boost/none.hpp b/include/boost/none.hpp
index b0e94a2..1f38291 100644
--- a/include/boost/none.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/none.hpp
@@ -12,17 +12,12 @@
 #ifndef BOOST_NONE_17SEP2003_HPP
 #define BOOST_NONE_17SEP2003_HPP
 
-#include "boost/none_t.hpp"
-
-// NOTE: Borland users have to include this header outside any precompiled headers
-// (bcc<=5.64 cannot include instance data in a precompiled header)
-//  -- * To be verified, now that there's no unnamed namespace
-
 namespace boost {
 
-none_t const none = ((none_t)0) ;
+enum none_t {none = 0};
 
 } // namespace boost
 
+
 #endif
 
diff --git a/include/boost/none_t.hpp b/include/boost/none_t.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 4b97e20..0000000
--- a/include/boost/none_t.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
-//
-// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
-// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
-// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
-//
-// See http://www.boost.org/lib/optional for documentation.
-//
-// You are welcome to contact the author at:
-//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
-//
-#ifndef BOOST_NONE_T_17SEP2003_HPP
-#define BOOST_NONE_T_17SEP2003_HPP
-
-namespace boost {
-
-namespace detail { struct none_helper{}; }
-
-typedef int detail::none_helper::*none_t ;
-
-} // namespace boost
-
-#endif
-
diff --git a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp
index 2135a59..48de64e 100644
--- a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 #include "boost/mpl/bool.hpp"
 #include "boost/mpl/not.hpp"
 #include "boost/detail/reference_content.hpp"
-#include "boost/none_t.hpp"
+#include "boost/none.hpp"
 #include "boost/utility/compare_pointees.hpp"
 
 #include "boost/optional/optional_fwd.hpp"
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ class optional_base : public optional_tag
 
     // Creates an optional uninitialized.
     // No-throw
-    optional_base ( none_t const& )
+    optional_base ( none_t )
       :
       m_initialized(false) {}
 
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ class optional_base : public optional_tag
 
     // Assigns from "none", destroying the current value, if any, leaving this UNINITIALIZED
     // No-throw (assuming T::~T() doesn't)
-    void assign ( none_t const& ) { destroy(); }
+    void assign ( none_t ) { destroy(); }
 
 #ifndef BOOST_OPTIONAL_NO_INPLACE_FACTORY_SUPPORT
     template
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ class optional : public optional_detail::optional_base
 
     // Creates an optional uninitialized.
     // No-throw
-    optional( none_t const& none_ ) : base(none_) {}
+    optional( none_t none_ ) : base(none_) {}
 
     // Creates an optional initialized with 'val'.
     // Can throw if T::T(T const&) does
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ class optional : public optional_detail::optional_base
     // Assigns from a "none"
     // Which destroys the current value, if any, leaving this UNINITIALIZED
     // No-throw (assuming T::~T() doesn't)
-    optional& operator= ( none_t const& none_ )
+    optional& operator= ( none_t none_ )
       {
         this->assign( none_ ) ;
         return *this ;
@@ -680,6 +680,11 @@ get_pointer ( optional& opt )
 // optional's relational operators ( ==, !=, <, >, <=, >= ) have deep-semantics (compare values).
 // WARNING: This is UNLIKE pointers. Use equal_pointees()/less_pointess() in generic code instead.
 
+
+//
+// optional vs optional cases
+//
+
 template
 inline
 bool operator == ( optional const& x, optional const& y )
@@ -710,64 +715,141 @@ inline
 bool operator >= ( optional const& x, optional const& y )
 { return !( x < y ) ; }
 
+
+//
+// optional vs T cases
+//
 template
 inline
-bool operator == ( optional const& x, none_t const& )
+bool operator == ( optional const& x, T const& y )
+{ return equal_pointees(x, optional(y)); }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator < ( optional const& x, T const& y )
+{ return less_pointees(x, optional(y)); }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator != ( optional const& x, T const& y )
+{ return !( x == y ) ; }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator > ( optional const& x, T const& y )
+{ return y < x ; }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator <= ( optional const& x, T const& y )
+{ return !( y < x ) ; }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator >= ( optional const& x, T const& y )
+{ return !( x < y ) ; }
+
+//
+// T vs optional cases
+//
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator == ( T const& x, optional const& y )
+{ return equal_pointees( optional(x), y ); }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator < ( T const& x, optional const& y )
+{ return less_pointees( optional(x), y ); }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator != ( T const& x, optional const& y )
+{ return !( x == y ) ; }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator > ( T const& x, optional const& y )
+{ return y < x ; }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator <= ( T const& x, optional const& y )
+{ return !( y < x ) ; }
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator >= ( T const& x, optional const& y )
+{ return !( x < y ) ; }
+
+
+//
+// optional vs none cases
+//
+
+template
+inline
+bool operator == ( optional const& x, none_t )
 { return equal_pointees(x, optional() ); }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator < ( optional const& x, none_t const& )
+bool operator < ( optional const& x, none_t )
 { return less_pointees(x,optional() ); }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator != ( optional const& x, none_t const& y )
+bool operator != ( optional const& x, none_t y )
 { return !( x == y ) ; }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator > ( optional const& x, none_t const& y )
+bool operator > ( optional const& x, none_t y )
 { return y < x ; }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator <= ( optional const& x, none_t const& y )
+bool operator <= ( optional const& x, none_t y )
 { return !( y < x ) ; }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator >= ( optional const& x, none_t const& y )
+bool operator >= ( optional const& x, none_t y )
 { return !( x < y ) ; }
 
+//
+// none vs optional cases
+//
+
 template
 inline
-bool operator == ( none_t const& x, optional const& y )
+bool operator == ( none_t x, optional const& y )
 { return equal_pointees(optional() ,y); }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator < ( none_t const& x, optional const& y )
+bool operator < ( none_t x, optional const& y )
 { return less_pointees(optional() ,y); }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator != ( none_t const& x, optional const& y )
+bool operator != ( none_t x, optional const& y )
 { return !( x == y ) ; }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator > ( none_t const& x, optional const& y )
+bool operator > ( none_t x, optional const& y )
 { return y < x ; }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator <= ( none_t const& x, optional const& y )
+bool operator <= ( none_t x, optional const& y )
 { return !( y < x ) ; }
 
 template
 inline
-bool operator >= ( none_t const& x, optional const& y )
+bool operator >= ( none_t x, optional const& y )
 { return !( x < y ) ; }
 
 //
diff --git a/test/Jamfile.v2 b/test/Jamfile.v2
index da08dfe..16d4f3c 100644
--- a/test/Jamfile.v2
+++ b/test/Jamfile.v2
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ import testing ;
     [ run optional_test_inplace.cpp ]
     [ run optional_test_io.cpp ]
     [ compile-fail optional_test_fail1.cpp ]
-    [ compile-fail optional_test_fail2.cpp ]
     [ compile-fail optional_test_fail3a.cpp ]
     [ compile-fail optional_test_fail3b.cpp ]
     [ compile-fail optional_test_ref_fail1.cpp ]
diff --git a/test/optional_test.cpp b/test/optional_test.cpp
index 3050639..02ed181 100644
--- a/test/optional_test.cpp
+++ b/test/optional_test.cpp
@@ -704,16 +704,16 @@ void test_relops( T const* )
 {
   TRACE( std::endl << BOOST_CURRENT_FUNCTION   );
 
-  T v0(18);
-  T v1(19);
-  T v2(19);
+  T v0(0);
+  T v1(1);
+  T v2(1);
 
   optional def0 ;
   optional def1 ;
   optional opt0(v0);
   optional opt1(v1);
   optional opt2(v2);
-
+  
   // Check identity
   BOOST_CHECK ( def0 == def0 ) ;
   BOOST_CHECK ( opt0 == opt0 ) ;
@@ -751,6 +751,33 @@ void test_relops( T const* )
   BOOST_CHECK ( opt1 >  opt0 ) ;
   BOOST_CHECK ( opt1 <= opt2 ) ;
   BOOST_CHECK ( opt1 >= opt0 ) ;
+  
+  // Compare against a value directly
+  BOOST_CHECK ( opt0 == v0 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( opt0 != v1 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( opt1 == v2 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( opt0 <  v1 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( opt1 >  v0 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( opt1 <= v2 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( opt1 >= v0 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( v0 != opt1 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( v1 == opt2 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( v0 <  opt1 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( v1 >  opt0 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( v1 <= opt2 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( v1 >= opt0 ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK (   def0 != v0  ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( !(def0 == v0) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK (   def0 <  v0  ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( !(def0 >  v0) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK (   def0 <= v0  ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( !(def0 >= v0) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK (   v0 != def0  ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( !(v0 == def0) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( !(v0 <  def0) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK (   v0 >  def0  ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( !(v0 <= def0) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK (   v0 >= opt0  ) ;
 }
 
 template
@@ -767,6 +794,10 @@ void test_none( T const* )
   BOOST_CHECK ( def0    == none ) ;
   BOOST_CHECK ( non_def != none ) ;
   BOOST_CHECK ( !def1           ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( !(non_def <  none) ) ; 
+  BOOST_CHECK (   non_def >  none  ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK ( !(non_def <= none) ) ;
+  BOOST_CHECK (   non_def >= none  ) ;
 
   non_def = none ;
   BOOST_CHECK ( !non_def ) ;

From 7287f2bf11f417584c002b875c376a60b7a7a1bd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fernando Cacciola 
Date: Wed, 7 Mar 2007 20:17:23 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/23] in_palce_factory.apply problem fixed

[SVN r37157]
---
 include/boost/optional/optional.hpp | 15 ++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp
index 48de64e..42277ba 100644
--- a/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/optional/optional.hpp
@@ -76,6 +76,19 @@
 #define BOOST_OPTIONAL_WEAK_OVERLOAD_RESOLUTION
 #endif
 
+// Daniel Wallin discovered that bind/apply.hpp badly interacts with the apply<>
+// member template of a factory as used in the optional<> implementation.
+// He proposed this simple fix which is to move the call to apply<> outside
+// namespace boost.
+namespace boost_optional_detail
+{
+  template 
+  void construct(Factory const& factory, void* address)
+  {
+    factory.BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE apply(address);
+  }
+}
+
 
 namespace boost {
 
@@ -309,7 +322,7 @@ class optional_base : public optional_tag
     void construct ( Expr const& factory, in_place_factory_base const* )
      {
        BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT ( ::boost::mpl::not_::value ) ;
-       factory.BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE apply(m_storage.address()) ;
+       boost_optional_detail::construct(factory, m_storage.address());
        m_initialized = true ;
      }
 

From 789cb2b24f82eda9f504bdcac5aa1f98c0f972f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fernando Cacciola 
Date: Tue, 27 Mar 2007 16:02:57 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 12/23] boost::none implementation fixed for bcc <= 5.6.4

[SVN r37301]
---
 include/boost/none.hpp | 15 ++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/boost/none.hpp b/include/boost/none.hpp
index 1f38291..fc6da93 100644
--- a/include/boost/none.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/none.hpp
@@ -12,12 +12,25 @@
 #ifndef BOOST_NONE_17SEP2003_HPP
 #define BOOST_NONE_17SEP2003_HPP
 
+#include 
+
 namespace boost {
 
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(_BORLANDC_, <= 0x564)
+
+namespace detail { struct none_helper{}; }
+
+typedef int detail::none_helper::*none_t ;
+
+none_t const none = ((none_t)0) ;
+
+#else
+
 enum none_t {none = 0};
 
-} // namespace boost
+#endif
 
+} // namespace boost
 
 #endif
 

From 3bf8d0f1b49c6b5d7399553dc8b15e7f3bf7f415 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fernando Cacciola 
Date: Wed, 28 Mar 2007 21:26:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 13/23] Fixed incorrect BORLANDC macro

[SVN r37314]
---
 include/boost/none.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/boost/none.hpp b/include/boost/none.hpp
index fc6da93..b94c557 100644
--- a/include/boost/none.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/none.hpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 namespace boost {
 
-#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(_BORLANDC_, <= 0x564)
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, <= 0x564)
 
 namespace detail { struct none_helper{}; }
 

From 0fd45d73b100ccd6406edf4c98860084fc24cf1d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fernando Cacciola 
Date: Thu, 5 Apr 2007 18:55:22 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 14/23] Doc update to reflect latest additions

[SVN r37368]
---
 doc/optional.html | 221 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------
 1 file changed, 144 insertions(+), 77 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/optional.html b/doc/optional.html
index c0f62cc..e216db5 100644
--- a/doc/optional.html
+++ b/doc/optional.html
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ HREF="../../../boost/optional/optional.hpp">boost/optional/optional.hpp>
   
    Examples
    
   
    Optional references
    
   
    Rebinding semantics for assignment of optional references
    
-  
    none_t
    
+  
    none_t and none
    
   
    In-Place Factories
    
   
    A note about optional<bool>
    
   
    Exception Safety Guarantees
    
@@ -385,6 +385,30 @@ template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, op
 
 template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ;
 
+template<class T> inline bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator == ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator != ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator <  ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator >  ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
+template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
+
 template<class T> inline bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34]
 
 template<class T> inline bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34]
@@ -912,32 +936,6 @@ assert ( *opt == w ) ;
 
 
    
 
-
    T const& optional<T (not a ref)>::get_value_or( T const& default) const ;
-T&       optional<T (not a ref)>::get_value_or( T&       default ) ;
-
-inline T const& get_optional_value_or ( optional<T (not a ref)> const& o, T const& default ) ;
-inline T&       get_optional_value_or ( optional<T (not a ref)>&       o, T&       default ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    Returns: A reference to the contained value, if any, or default
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    T v, z ;
-optional<T> def;
-T const& y = def.get_value_or(z);
-assert ( y == z ) ;
-
-optional<T> opt ( v );
-T const& u = get_optional_value_or(opt,z);
-assert ( u == v ) ;
-assert ( u != z ) ;
-
    
-  
    
-    
    
-
    
-
    
-
 
 
    T const& optional<T&>::operator*() const ;
 T      & optional<T&>::operator*();
    
@@ -967,6 +965,33 @@ assert ( *opt == v ) ;
    
 
 
    
 
+
    T const& optional<T>::get_value_or( T const& default) const ;
+T&       optional<T>::get_value_or( T&       default ) ;
+
+inline T const& get_optional_value_or ( optional<T> const& o, T const& default ) ;
+inline T&       get_optional_value_or ( optional<T>&       o, T&       default ) ;
+
    
+
    
+
    Returns: A reference to the contained value (which can be itself a reference), if any, or default
    
+
    Throws: Nothing.
    
+
    Example:
    
+
    
+    
    T v, z ;
+optional<T> def;
+T const& y = def.get_value_or(z);
+assert ( y == z ) ;
+
+optional<T> opt ( v );
+T const& u = get_optional_value_or(opt,z);
+assert ( u == v ) ;
+assert ( u != z ) ;
+
    
+  
    
+    
    
+
    
+
+
    
+
 
    T const* optional<T>::get_ptr() const ;
 T*       optional<T>::get_ptr() ;
 
@@ -1235,18 +1260,37 @@ assert ( optX != optZ ) ;
 
 
    
 
    -bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator == ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator != ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator <  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator >  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator <= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator >= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
+bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
+bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
+bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
+bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
+bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
+bool operator == ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator != ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator <  ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator >  ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator <= ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator >= ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
+
    
+
    
+  
    Returns: The result obtained by replacing the argument 'n' by optional<T>(n).
    
+
    
+
+
    
+
    +bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
+bool operator == ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator != ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator <  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator >  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator <= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
+bool operator >= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
 
    
 
    
   
    Returns: The result obtained by replacing the argument 'n' by optional<T>().
    
@@ -1388,7 +1432,7 @@ some operations are not available in this case:
    
   
  • InPlace assignment
    • 
 
 
    Also, even though optional<T&> treats it wrapped pseudo-object much as a real
-value, a true real reference is stored so aliasing will ocurr: 
    
+value, a true real reference is stored, thus aliasing can ocurr: 
    
 
 
      
   
    • Copies of optional<T&> copies the reference, but all copied references
@@ -1396,7 +1440,7 @@ value, a true real reference is stored so aliasing will ocurr: 
      
   
    • Value-access provides access to the referenced object rather
   than the reference itself.
      • 
   
    • Pointer-access provides a pointer to the referenced object rather
-  than the reference itself.
      • 
+  than a pointer to the reference itself.
 
    
 
 
    
@@ -1407,7 +1451,7 @@ Clearly, there is no other choice.
    
 
    int x = 1 ;
 int& rx = x ;
 optional<int&> ora ;
-optional<int&> orb(x) ;
+optional<int&> orb(rx) ;
 ora = orb ; // now 'ora' is bound to 'x' through 'rx'
 *ora = 2 ; // Changes value of 'x' through 'ora'
 assert(x==2); 
@@ -1418,7 +1462,7 @@ referenced object; it's value changes but the reference is never rebound.
    
 int& ra = a ;
 int b = 2 ;
 int& rb = b ;
-ra = rb ; // Changes the value of 'a' to 'b'
+ra = rb ; // Changes the VALUE of 'a' to that of 'b'
 assert(a==b);
 b = 3 ;
 assert(ra!=b); // 'ra' is not rebound to 'b'
@@ -1444,45 +1488,68 @@ C++ references.
    
 It is true that optional<U> strives to behave as much as possible as U does 
 whenever it is initialized; but in the case when U is T&, doing so would result 
 in inconsistent behavior w.r.t to the lvalue initialization state.
    
-
    Imagine optional<T&> forwarding assignment to the referenced object (thus 
-changing the referenced object value but not rebinding), and consider the 
-following code :
    
-
      optional<int&> a = get();
-  int x = 1 ;
-  int& rx = x ;
-  optional<int&> b(rx);
-  a = b ;
+
    Consider the following code :
    
+
    +int x = 1 ;
+int& rx = x ;
+void foo ( optional<int&> & outer )
+{
+  optional<int&> b(rx);
+  outer = b ;
+}
+
    
+
    What should the assignment to 'outer' do?
    
+If 'outer' is uninitialized, the answer is clear: it should bind to 'x' (so we now have 
+a second reference to 'x').
    
+But what if 'outer' is already initialized?
    
+The assignment could change the value of the 
+referenced object (whatever that is), but doing that would be inconsistent with the uninitialized case
+and then you wouldn't be able to reason at compile time about all the references to x since
+the appearance of a new reference to it would depend on wheter the lvalue ('outer')
+is initialized or not.
    
+
    Arguably, if rebinding the reference to another object is wrong for your code, then is 
+likely that binding it for the fist time via assignment instead of intialization is also wrong.
+In that case, you can always just assign the value to the referenced object directly via
+the access operator *opt=value.
    
+
    If rebinding is wrong but first-time binding 
+isn't (via assignment), you can always work around the rebinding semantics using a discriminator:
    
+
    +if ( !opt )
+      opt = value ; // first-time binding
+else *opt = value ; // assign to referee without rebinding 
 
    
-
    What does the assignment do?
    
-If 'a' is uninitialized, the answer is clear: it binds to 'x' (we now have 
-another reference to 'x').
    
-But what if 'a' is already initialized? it would change the value of the 
-referenced object (whatever that is); which is inconsistent with the other 
-possible case.
    
-
    If optional<T&> would assign just like T& does, you would never be able to 
-use Optional's assignment without explicitly handling the previous 
-initialization state unless your code is capable of functioning whether after 
-the assignment, 'a' 
-aliases the same object as 'b' or not.
    
-
    That is, you would have to discriminate in order to be consistency.
    
-
    
-If in your code rebinding to another object is not an option, then is very 
-likely that binding for the fist time isn't either. In such case, assignment to 
-an uninitialized optional<T&> shall be prohibited. It is quite 
-possible that in such scenario the precondition that the lvalue must be already 
-initialized exist. If it doesn't, then binding for the first time is OK while 
-rebinding is not which is IMO 
-very unlikely.
    
-In such scenario, you can assign the value itself directly, as in:
    
-
    assert(!!opt);
-*opt=value;  
    
 
 
    
 
-
    none_t
    
-
    
+
    none_t and none
    
+
    optional<T> supports uninitialized states with a convenient syntax via a constant of 
+the implementation-defined type boost::none_t, identified as boost::none.
    
+
    Starting with Boost version 1.34.0, both boost::none_t and boost::none are
+included in boost/none.hpp, which is automatically included by boost/optional/optional.hpp
 
    
+
    This contant is similar in purpose to NULL, except that is not a null pointer value. You can use it to initialize  
+an optional<T> instance, which has the same effect of a default constructor, and you can assign it which has the 
+effect of reseting the optional<T> instance. You can also use it in relational operators to make the predicate expression
+more clear.
    
+
    Here are some typical examples:
    
+
    +#include "boost/optional/optional.hpp" // boost/none.hpp is included automatically
 
+boost::optional<int> foo ( int a )
+{
+  return some_condition(a) ? boost::make_optional(a) : boost::none ;  
+  
+  // NOTE: in real code you can just use this: make_optional(some_condition(a), a ) 
+}
+
+boost::optional<int> opt = boost::none ;
+
+if ( opt == boost::none )
+  opt = foo(123);
+
+opt = boost::none ;
+
+
    
 
 
    
 
@@ -1725,7 +1792,7 @@ T is not required to be LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
    

From bfd5cc0a87738a8f9b2a09e250c70edee6c2b6d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Fernando Cacciola 
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2007 14:25:21 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 15/23] Updated single-header implementation

[SVN r37420]
---
 include/boost/none.hpp | 43 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/boost/none.hpp b/include/boost/none.hpp
index b94c557..20e9016 100644
--- a/include/boost/none.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/none.hpp
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// Copyright (C) 2007, Anthony Williams
+// Copyright (C) 2007, Steven Watanabe, Richard Smith
 //
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 // (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
@@ -7,30 +9,35 @@
 // See http://www.boost.org/lib/optional/ for documentation.
 //
 // You are welcome to contact the author at:
-//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
+// fernando.cacciola@gmail.com
 //
 #ifndef BOOST_NONE_17SEP2003_HPP
 #define BOOST_NONE_17SEP2003_HPP
 
-#include 
+namespace boost
+{
+  namespace detail
+  {
+    class none_helper;
+  }
 
-namespace boost {
+  inline void none(detail::none_helper);
 
-#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, <= 0x564)
+  namespace detail
+  {
+    class none_helper
+    {
+    private:
+      
+      none_helper( none_helper const& ) {}
+      
+      friend void boost::none(none_helper);
+    };
+  }
 
-namespace detail { struct none_helper{}; }
+  typedef void (*none_t)(detail::none_helper);
 
-typedef int detail::none_helper::*none_t ;
-
-none_t const none = ((none_t)0) ;
-
-#else
-
-enum none_t {none = 0};
-
-#endif
-
-} // namespace boost
-
-#endif
+  inline void none(detail::none_helper) {}
+}
 
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file

From 35040aab6afa1f65ac8b59ce39f38130aa2ff9f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Stefan Seefeld 
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2007 19:43:30 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 16/23] Add missing newline at eof.

[SVN r37425]
---
 include/boost/none.hpp | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/include/boost/none.hpp b/include/boost/none.hpp
index 20e9016..6f6f0a6 100644
--- a/include/boost/none.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/none.hpp
@@ -40,4 +40,4 @@ namespace boost
   inline void none(detail::none_helper) {}
 }
 
-#endif
\ No newline at end of file
+#endif

From 3ff4258fbb698476a9217708bf0f53bf69d03216 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nobody 
Date: Tue, 24 Jul 2007 19:28:14 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 17/23] This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create tag
 'Version_1_34_1'.

[SVN r38286]

From 4ba562871e01d654d1d2ddee91a70b959ecfe239 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Beman Dawes 
Date: Fri, 5 Oct 2007 14:25:06 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 18/23] Starting point for releases

[SVN r39706]

From 5956702c32931ae493d1f751be235bc764ee4db7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Beman Dawes 
Date: Sun, 25 Nov 2007 18:07:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 19/23] Full merge from trunk at revision 41356 of entire
 boost-root tree.

[SVN r41369]
---
 include/boost/none.hpp     | 35 ++++++++++-------------------------
 include/boost/none_t.hpp   | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 include/boost/optional.hpp |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/boost/none_t.hpp

diff --git a/include/boost/none.hpp b/include/boost/none.hpp
index 6f6f0a6..bd342da 100644
--- a/include/boost/none.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/none.hpp
@@ -1,43 +1,28 @@
 // Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
-// Copyright (C) 2007, Anthony Williams
-// Copyright (C) 2007, Steven Watanabe, Richard Smith
 //
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 // (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 //
-// See http://www.boost.org/lib/optional/ for documentation.
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/optional for documentation.
 //
 // You are welcome to contact the author at:
-// fernando.cacciola@gmail.com
+//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
 //
 #ifndef BOOST_NONE_17SEP2003_HPP
 #define BOOST_NONE_17SEP2003_HPP
 
-namespace boost
-{
-  namespace detail
-  {
-    class none_helper;
-  }
+#include "boost/none_t.hpp"
 
-  inline void none(detail::none_helper);
+// NOTE: Borland users have to include this header outside any precompiled headers
+// (bcc<=5.64 cannot include instance data in a precompiled header)
+//  -- * To be verified, now that there's no unnamed namespace
 
-  namespace detail
-  {
-    class none_helper
-    {
-    private:
-      
-      none_helper( none_helper const& ) {}
-      
-      friend void boost::none(none_helper);
-    };
-  }
+namespace boost {
 
-  typedef void (*none_t)(detail::none_helper);
+none_t const none = ((none_t)0) ;
 
-  inline void none(detail::none_helper) {}
-}
+} // namespace boost
 
 #endif
+
diff --git a/include/boost/none_t.hpp b/include/boost/none_t.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63ad926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/boost/none_t.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+//
+// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/optional for documentation.
+//
+// You are welcome to contact the author at:
+//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
+//
+#ifndef BOOST_NONE_T_17SEP2003_HPP
+#define BOOST_NONE_T_17SEP2003_HPP
+
+namespace boost {
+
+namespace detail { struct none_helper{}; }
+
+typedef int detail::none_helper::*none_t ;
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/include/boost/optional.hpp b/include/boost/optional.hpp
index bc5c5d3..40cf12e 100644
--- a/include/boost/optional.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/optional.hpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 // License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
 // http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 //
-// See http://www.boost.org/lib/optional for documentation.
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/optional for documentation.
 //
 // You are welcome to contact the author at:
 //  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com

From 4c11dcc7037702846dc01c4bed3255bef88635dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Matias Capeletto 
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2008 19:35:00 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 20/23] optional docs new version

[SVN r43257]
---
 doc/Jamfile.v2                                |    6 +-
 .../a_note_about_optional_bool_.html          |   26 +-
 doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html  |   30 +-
 .../dependencies_and_portability.html         |   26 +-
 .../boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html    |   74 +-
 doc/html/boost_optional/development.html      |   45 +-
 doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html         |   26 +-
 .../exception_safety_guarantees.html          |   28 +-
 .../boost_optional/implementation_notes.html  |   26 +-
 .../boost_optional/in_place_factories.html    |   26 +-
 .../boost_optional/optional_references.html   |   26 +-
 ...for_assignment_of_optional_references.html |   28 +-
 doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html         |   26 +-
 .../boost_optional/type_requirements.html     |   26 +-
 doc/html/images/callouts/1.png                |  Bin 391 -> 0 bytes
 doc/html/images/callouts/10.png               |  Bin 485 -> 0 bytes
 doc/html/images/callouts/11.png               |  Bin 410 -> 0 bytes
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 doc/html/images/callouts/7.png                |  Bin 397 -> 0 bytes
 doc/html/images/callouts/8.png                |  Bin 434 -> 0 bytes
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 doc/html/images/caution.png                   |  Bin 4286 -> 0 bytes
 doc/html/images/home.png                      |  Bin 1105 -> 0 bytes
 doc/html/images/important.png                 |  Bin 4666 -> 0 bytes
 doc/html/images/next.png                      |  Bin 768 -> 0 bytes
 doc/html/images/note.png                      |  Bin 4648 -> 0 bytes
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 doc/html/images/up.png                        |  Bin 766 -> 0 bytes
 doc/html/images/warning.png                   |  Bin 3927 -> 0 bytes
 doc/html/index.html                           |   41 +-
 doc/optional.html                             | 1803 -----------------
 doc/optional.qbk                              |    5 -
 doc/reference.qbk                             |    1 +
 index.html                                    |    6 +-
 43 files changed, 268 insertions(+), 2007 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 doc/html/images/callouts/1.png
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 delete mode 100644 doc/html/images/callouts/11.png
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 delete mode 100644 doc/html/images/callouts/8.png
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 delete mode 100755 doc/html/images/tip.png
 delete mode 100755 doc/html/images/up.png
 delete mode 100755 doc/html/images/warning.png
 delete mode 100644 doc/optional.html

diff --git a/doc/Jamfile.v2 b/doc/Jamfile.v2
index 95574ce..abdaf20 100644
--- a/doc/Jamfile.v2
+++ b/doc/Jamfile.v2
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@ boostbook standalone
     :
         optional
     :
-        toc.max.depth=1
-        toc.section.depth=1
+        boost.root=../../../..
+        boost.libraries=../../../libraries.htm
+        toc.max.depth=2
+        toc.section.depth=2
         chunk.section.depth=1
     ;
 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html
index 42d69df..5191d1d 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@
     Guarantees">
 
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
    Boost C++ LibrariesHomeLibrariesPeopleFAQMore
    
+
+
+
+
+
+
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+
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+PrevUpHomeNext
 
    
 
    
 
    
@@ -74,11 +74,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
-PrevUpHomeNext
+PrevUpHomeNext
 
    
 
 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html
index e2cc05a..09e3c71 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html
@@ -10,24 +10,24 @@
     and Portability">
 
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
    Boost C++ LibrariesHomeLibrariesPeopleFAQMore
    
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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-PrevUpHome
+PrevUpHome
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
-
+
       Pre-formal
       review
     
    
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
       
 
    
 
    
-
+
       Post-formal
       review
     
    
@@ -112,11 +112,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
-PrevUpHome
+PrevUpHome
 
    
 
 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html
index ccc0d2c..35ecb80 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@
 
 
 
-
-
-
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    Boost C++ LibrariesHomeLibrariesPeopleFAQMore
    
+
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@@ -36,11 +36,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
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+PrevUpHomeNext
 
    
 
 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html
index bbebfd7..ef68023 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html
@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@
 
 
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
    Boost C++ LibrariesHomeLibrariesPeopleFAQMore
    
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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-PrevUpHomeNext
+PrevUpHomeNext
 
    
 
    
 
    
@@ -29,36 +29,42 @@
 
    
       Because T might be of reference
       type, in the sequel, those entries whose semantic depends on T being of reference type or not will be
-      distinguished using the following convention: * If the entry reads: optional<T(not a ref)>, the description corresponds only to the
-      case where T is not of reference
-      type. * If the entry reads: optional<T&>,
-      the description corresponds only to the case where T
-      is of reference type. * If the entry reads: optional<T>,
-      the description is the same for both cases.
+      distinguished using the following convention:
     
    
+
      
+
    • 
+        If the entry reads: optional<T(not
+        a ref)>, the description
+        corresponds only to the case where T
+        is not of reference type.
+      
      • 
+
    • 
+        If the entry reads: optional<T&>,
+        the description corresponds only to the case where T
+        is of reference type.
+      
      • 
+
    • 
+        If the entry reads: optional<T>,
+        the description is the same for both cases.
+      
      • 
+
    
 
    
-
+
-
+
    
 
    [Note][Note]
 Note
 
    
-
    
-        
    
-
    
-          The following section contains various assert() which are used only to show the postconditions
-          as sample code. It is not implied that the type T
-          must support each particular expression but that if the expression is supported,
-          the implied condition holds.
-        
    
-
    
-      
    
-
    
+        The following section contains various assert() which are used only to show the postconditions
+        as sample code. It is not implied that the type T
+        must support each particular expression but that if the expression is supported,
+        the implied condition holds.
+      
    
 
    
 
    
       space
     
    
 
    
-
+
       optional
       class member functions
     
    
@@ -1334,7 +1340,7 @@
       space
     
    
 
    
-
+
       Free functions
     
    
 
    
@@ -1693,11 +1699,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
-PrevUpHomeNext
+PrevUpHomeNext
 
    
 
 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html
index c013432..8d58d8b 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html
@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@
 
 
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
    Boost C++ LibrariesHomeLibrariesPeopleFAQMore
    
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
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-PrevUpHomeNext
+PrevUpHomeNext
 
    
 
    
 
    
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
         itself which are supported by a special interface.
       
    
 
    
-
+
         Lexically-hinted
         Value Access in the presence of possibly untitialized optional objects: The
         operators * and ->
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@
         incarnated by pointers.
       
    
 
    
-
+
         Optional<T>
         as a model of OptionalPointee
       
    
@@ -369,19 +369,12 @@
       
    
 
    
-
+
-
+
    
 
    [Warning][Warning]
 Warning
 
    
-
    
-          
    
-
    
-            However, it is particularly important to note that optional<> objects are not pointers. optional<> is not, and does not model, a
-            pointer.
-          
    
-
    
-        
    
-
    
+          However, it is particularly important to note that optional<> objects are not pointers. optional<> is not, and does not model, a pointer.
+        
    
 
    
 
    
         For instance, optional<>
@@ -405,11 +398,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
-PrevUpHomeNext
+PrevUpHomeNext
 
    
 
 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html
index 7fdb8c8..7685a73 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html
@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@
 
 
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
    Boost C++ LibrariesHomeLibrariesPeopleFAQMore
    
+
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+
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@@ -141,11 +141,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
-PrevUpHomeNext
+PrevUpHomeNext
 
    
 
 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html
index 6b4ab64..8f6504f 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@
 
 
 
-
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@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
 }
 
    
 
    
-
+
       Swap
     
    
 
    
@@ -130,11 +130,15 @@
 
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
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diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html
index 54af9ab..c0225b3 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@
     and Portability">
 
 
-
-
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@@ -42,11 +42,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
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diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html
index be2ccbf..a972384 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html
@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@
     optional<bool>">
 
 
-
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@@ -190,11 +190,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
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diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html
index 396dff0..1222a42 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@
     semantics for assignment of optional references">
 
 
-
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@@ -72,11 +72,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
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diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html
index 8906812..5b894aa 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@
 
 
 
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@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
 assert(b==3); 
 
    
 
    
-
+
       Rationale
     
    
 
    
@@ -141,11 +141,15 @@
 
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
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diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html
index 198750e..c128fc6 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html
@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@
 
 
 
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@@ -137,11 +137,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
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diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html
index 8da1a86..0676bf1 100644
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+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html
@@ -11,17 +11,17 @@
 
 
 
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@@ -40,11 +40,15 @@
 
    
 
-
+
    
 Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+      
    
+
    		
 
    
 
    
 
    
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deleted file mode 100644
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diff --git a/doc/html/images/warning.png b/doc/html/images/warning.png
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diff --git a/doc/html/index.html b/doc/html/index.html
index 298875d..24277e1 100644
--- a/doc/html/index.html
+++ b/doc/html/index.html
@@ -8,16 +8,16 @@
 
 
 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
    Boost C++ LibrariesHomeLibrariesPeopleFAQMore
    
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
    Boost C++ LibrariesHomeLibrariesPeopleFAQMore
    
 
    
-
    Next
    
+
    Next
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
    
 
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
 
    
-
    
+
    
         Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
         file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
       
    
@@ -38,9 +38,24 @@
 
    
 
    Motivation
    
 
    Development
    
+
    
+
    The models
    
+
    The semantics
    
+
    The Interface
    
+
    
 
    Synopsis
    
 
    Detailed Semantics
    
 
    Examples
    
+
    
+
    Optional
+      return values
    
+
    Optional
+      local variables
    
+
    Optional
+      data members
    
+
    Bypassing
+      expensive unnecessary default construction
    
+
    
 
    Optional references
    
 
    Rebinding
     semantics for assignment of optional references
    
@@ -159,10 +174,10 @@
   
    
 
    
 
-
-
+
+
    Last revised: May 29, 2007 at 06:31:03 GMT
    Last revised: February 12, 2008 at 22:47:14 GMT
    		
 
    
 
    
-
    Next
    
+
    Next
    
 
 
diff --git a/doc/optional.html b/doc/optional.html
deleted file mode 100644
index b9ef36b..0000000
--- a/doc/optional.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1803 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Header 
-
-
-
-
    Header <boost/optional/optional.hpp> 
    
-
-
    Contents
    
-
    
-  
    Motivation
    
-  
    Development
    
-  
    Synopsis
    
-  
    Semantics
    
-  
    Examples
    
-  
    Optional references
    
-  
    Rebinding semantics for assignment of optional references
    
-  
    none_t and none
    
-  
    In-Place Factories
    
-  
    A note about optional<bool>
    
-  
    Exception Safety Guarantees
    
-  
    Type requirements
    
-  
    Implementation Notes
    
-  
    Dependencies and Portability
    
-  
    Acknowledgment
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    Motivation
    
-
-
    Consider these functions which should return a value but which might not have
-  a value to return:
    
-
    (A) double sqrt(double n );
-(B) char get_async_input();
-(C) point polygon::get_any_point_effectively_inside();
    
-
    There are different approaches to the issue of not having a value to return.
    
-
    A typical approach is to consider the existence of a valid return value as
-  a postcondition, so that if the function cannot compute the value to return,
-  it has either undefined behavior (and can use assert in a debug build)
-  or uses a runtime check and throws an exception if the postcondition is violated.
-  This is a reasonable choice for example, for function (A), because the
-  lack of a proper return value is directly related to an invalid parameter (out
-  of domain argument), so it is appropriate to require the callee to supply only
-  parameters in a valid domain for execution to continue normally.
    
-
    However, function (B), because of its asynchronous nature, does not fail just
-  because it can't find a value to return; so it is incorrect to consider
-  such a situation an error and assert or throw an exception. This function must
-  return, and somehow, must tell the callee that it is not returning a meaningful
-  value.
    
-
    A similar situation occurs with function (C): it is conceptually an error to
-  ask a null-area polygon to return a point inside itself, but in many
-  applications, it is just impractical for performance reasons to treat this as
-  an error (because detecting that the polygon has no area might be too expensive
-  to be required to be tested previously), and either an arbitrary point (typically
-  at infinity) is returned, or some efficient way to tell the callee that there
-  is no such point is used.
    
-
    There are various mechanisms to let functions communicate that the returned
-  value is not valid. One such mechanism, which is quite common since it has zero
-  or negligible overhead, is to use a special value which is reserved to communicate
-  this. Classical examples of such special values are EOF, string::npos, points
-  at infinity, etc...
    
-
    When those values exist, i.e. the return type can hold all meaningful values
-  plus the signal value, this mechanism is quite appropriate and
-  well known. Unfortunately, there are cases when such values do not exist. In
-  these cases, the usual alternative is either to use a wider type, such as 'int'
-  in place of 'char'; or a compound type, such as std::pair<point,bool>.
-
    
-
    Returning a std::pair<T,bool>, thus attaching a boolean flag to the result
-  which indicates if the result is meaningful, has the advantage that can be turned
-  into a consistent idiom since the first element of the pair can be whatever
-  the function would conceptually return. For example, the last two functions
-  could have the following interface:
    
-
    std::pair<char,bool> get_async_input();
-std::pair<point,bool> polygon::get_any_point_effectively_inside();
    
-
    These functions use a consistent interface for dealing with possibly inexistent
-  results:
    
-
    std::pair<point,bool> p = poly.get_any_point_effectively_inside();
-if ( p.second )
-  flood_fill(p.first);
-
    
-
-
    However, not only is this quite a burden syntactically, it is also error
-  prone since the user can easily use the function result (first element of the
-  pair) without ever checking if it has a valid value.
    
-
    Clearly, we need a better idiom.
    
-
-
    Development
    
-
-
    The models:
    
-
    In C++, we can declare an object (a variable) of type T, and we can give this variable
-  an initial value (through an initializer. (c.f. 8.5)).
    
-  When a declaration includes a non-empty initializer (an initial value is given), it is said that
-  the object has been initialized.
    
-  If the declaration uses an empty initializer (no initial value is given),
-  and neither default nor value initialization applies, it is said that the object is
-  uninitialized. Its actual value exist but has an
-  indeterminate initial value (c.f. 8.5.9).
    
-  optional<T> intends to formalize the notion of initialization 
-(or lack of it)
-  allowing a program to test whether an object has been initialized and stating that access to
-  the value of an uninitialized object is undefined behavior. That is,
-  when a variable is declared as optional<T> and no initial value is given,
-  the variable is formally uninitialized. A formally uninitialized optional object has conceptually
-  no value at all and this situation can be tested at runtime. It is formally 
-undefined behavior
-  to try to access the value of an uninitialized optional. An uninitialized optional can be assigned a      value, in which case its initialization state changes to initialized. Furthermore, given the formal
-  treatment of initialization states in optional objects, it is even possible to reset an optional to uninitialized.
    
-
    In C++ there is no formal notion of uninitialized objects, which
-  means that objects always have an initial value even if indeterminate.
    
-  As discussed on the previous section, this has a drawback because you need additional
-  information to tell if an object has been effectively initialized.
    
-  One of the typical ways in which this has been historically
-  dealt with is via a special value: EOF,npos,-1, etc... This is equivalent to adding
-  the special value to the set of possible values of a given type. This super set of
-  T plus some nil_t—were nil_t is some stateless POD-can be modeled in modern
-  languages as a discriminated union of T and nil_t.
-  Discriminated unions are often called variants. A variant has a current type,
-  which in our case is either T or nil_t.
    
-  Using the Boost.Variant library, this model can be implemented
-  in terms of boost::variant<T,nil_t>.
    
-  There is precedent for a discriminated union as a model for an optional value: the
-  Haskell Maybe built-in type constructor. 
-Thus, a discriminated union T+nil_t serves as a conceptual foundation.
    
-
    A variant<T,nil_t> follows naturally from the traditional idiom of extending
-the range of possible values adding an additional sentinel value with the special meaning of Nothing. 
-However, this additional Nothing value is largely irrelevant for our purpose
- since our goal is to formalize the notion of uninitialized objects and, while a special extended value can be used to convey that meaning, it is not strictly 
-necessary in order to do so.
    
-
    The observation made in the last paragraph about the irrelevant nature of the additional nil_t with respect to
-purpose of optional<T> suggests
-an alternative model: a container that either has a value of T or nothing.
-
    
-
    As of this writing I don't know of any precedent for a variable-size fixed-capacity (of 1)
-stack-based container model for optional values, yet I believe this is the consequence of
-the lack of practical implementations of such a container rather than an inherent shortcoming
-of the container model.
    
-
    In any event, both the discriminated-union or the single-element container models serve as a conceptual
-ground for a class representing optional—i.e. possibly uninitialized—objects.
    
-For instance, these models show the exact semantics required for a wrapper of optional values:
    
-
    Discriminated-union:
    
-
    
-
  • deep-copy semantics:  copies of the variant implies copies of the value.
    • 
-
  • deep-relational semantics: comparisons between variants matches both current types and values
    • 
-
  • If the variant's current type is T, it is modeling an initialized optional.
    • 
-
  • If the variant's current type is not T, it is modeling an uninitialized optional.
    • 
-
  • Testing if the variant's current type is T models testing if the optional is initialized
    • 
-
  • Trying to extract a T from a variant when its current type is not T, models the undefined 
-behavior
-of trying to access the value of an uninitialized optional
    • 
-
    
-
    Single-element container:
    
-
    
-
  • deep-copy semantics:  copies of the container implies copies of the value.
    • 
-
  • deep-relational semantics: comparisons between containers compare container size and if match, contained value
    • 
-
  • If the container is not empty (contains an object of type T), it is modeling an initialized optional.
    • 
-
  • If the container is empty, it is modeling an uninitialized optional.
    • 
-
  • Testing if the container is empty models testing if the optional is initialized
    • 
-
  • Trying to extract a T from an empty container models the undefined behavior
-of trying to access the value of an uninitialized optional
    • 
-
    
-
-
    The semantics:
    
-
    Objects of type optional<T> are intended to be used in places where objects of type T would
-but which might be uninitialized. Hence, optional<T>'s purpose is to formalize the
-additional possibly uninitialized state.
    
-From the perspective of this role, optional<T> can have the same operational semantics of T
-plus the additional semantics corresponding to this special state.
    
-As such, optional<T> could be thought of as a supertype of T. Of course,
-we can't do that in C++, so we need to compose the desired semantics using a different mechanism.
    
-Doing it the other way around, that is, making optional<T> a subtype of T is not only
-conceptually wrong but also impractical: it is not allowed to derive from a non-class type, such as a 
-built-in type.
    
-
-
    We can draw from the purpose of optional<T> the required basic semantics:
    
-
-
    
-
    Default Construction: To introduce a formally uninitialized wrapped
-object.
    
-
-
    Direct Value Construction via copy: To introduce a formally
-initialized wrapped object whose value is obtained as a copy of some object.
    
-
-
    Deep Copy Construction: To obtain a new yet equivalent wrapped
-object.
    
-
-
    Direct Value Assignment (upon initialized): To assign a value to the wrapped object.
    
-
-
    Direct Value Assignment (upon uninitialized): To initialize the wrapped object
-with a value obtained
-as a copy of some object.
    
-
-
    Assignment (upon initialized): To assign to the wrapped object the value 
-of another wrapped object.
    
-
-
    Assignment (upon uninitialized): To initialize the wrapped object
-with value of another wrapped object.
    
-
-
    Deep Relational Operations (when supported by the type T): To compare
-wrapped object values taking into account the presence of uninitialized
-states.
    
-
-
    Value access: To unwrap the wrapped object.
    
-
-
    Initialization state query: To determine if the object is formally
-initialized or not.
    
-
-
    Swap: To exchange wrapped objects. (with whatever exception safety
-guarantees are provided by T's swap).
    
-
-
    De-initialization: To release the wrapped object (if any) and leave
-the wrapper in the uninitialized state.
    
-
-
    
-
-
    Additional operations are useful, such as converting constructors and
-converting assignments, in-place construction and assignment, and safe value
-access via a pointer to the wrapped object or null.
    
-
    The Interface:
    
-
    Since the purpose of optional is to allow us to use objects with a formal
-uninitialized additional state, the interface could try to follow the interface
-of the underlying T type as much as possible. In order to choose the proper
-degree of adoption of the native T interface, the following must be noted: 
    
-Even if all the operations supported by an instance of type T are defined for
-the entire range of values for such a type, an optional<T> extends such a set of
-values with a new value for which most (otherwise valid) operations are not
-defined in terms of T.
    
-Furthermore, since optional<T> itself is merely a T wrapper (modeling a T
-supertype), any attempt to define such operations upon uninitialized optionals
-will be totally artificial w.r.t. T.
    
-This library chooses an interface which follows from T's interface only for
-those operations which are well defined (w.r.t the type T) even if any of the
-operands are uninitialized. These operations include: construction,
-copy-construction, assignment, swap and relational operations.
    
-For the value access operations, which are undefined (w.r.t the type T) when the
-operand is uninitialized, a different interface is chosen (which will be
-explained next).
    
-Also, the presence of the possibly uninitialized state requires additional
-operations not provided by T itself which are supported by a special interface.
    
-
    Lexically-hinted Value Access in the presence of possibly untitialized
-optional objects: The operators * and ->
    
-
    A relevant feature of a pointer is that it can have a null
-  pointer value. This is a special value which is used to indicate that the
-  pointer is not referring to any object at all. In other words, null pointer
-  values convey the notion of inexistent objects.
    
-
    This meaning of the null pointer value allowed pointers to became a de facto standard
-  for handling optional objects because all you have to do to refer to a value which you
-  don't really have is to use a null pointer value of the appropriate type.
-  Pointers have been used for decades—from the days of C APIs to modern C++ libraries—to
-  refer to optional (that is, possibly inexistent) objects; particularly
-  as optional arguments to a function, but also quite often as optional data members.
    
-
    The possible presence of a null pointer value makes the operations that access the
-  pointee's value possibly undefined, therefore, expressions which use dereference
-  and access operators, such as: ( *p = 2 ) and ( p->foo()),
-  implicitly convey the notion of optionality, and this information is tied to
-  the syntax of the expressions. That is, the presence of operators * and -> tell by
-  themselves—without any additional context—that the expression will be undefined unless
-  the implied pointee actually exist.
    
-
    Such a de facto idiom for referring to optional objects can be formalized in the form of a
-concept: the OptionalPointee concept.
    
-This concept captures the syntactic usage of operators *, -> and conversion to bool to convey
-the notion of optionality.
    
-
    However, pointers are good to refer to optional objects, but not particularly good
-to handle the optional objects in all other respects, such as initializing or moving/copying
-them. The problem resides in the shallow-copy of pointer semantics: if you need to
-  effectively move or copy the object, pointers alone are not enough. The problem
-  is that copies of pointers do not imply copies of pointees. For example, as
-  was discussed in the motivation, pointers alone cannot be used to return optional
-  objects from a function because the object must move outside from the function and
-  into the caller's context.
    
-  A solution to the shallow-copy problem that is often used is to resort to dynamic
-  allocation and use a smart pointer to automatically handle the details of this.
-  For example, if a function is to optionally return an object X, it can use shared_ptr<X>
-  as the return value. However, this requires dynamic allocation of X. If X is
-  a built-in or small POD, this technique is very poor in terms of required resources.
-  Optional objects are essentially values so it is very convenient to be able to use automatic
-  storage and deep-copy semantics to manipulate optional values just as we do with ordinary
-  values. Pointers do not have this semantics, so are inappropriate for the initialization and
-  transport of optional values, yet are quite convenient for handling the access to the
-  possible undefined value because of the idiomatic aid present in the OptionalPointee
-  concept incarnated by pointers.
-
    
-
    Optional<T> as a model of OptionalPointee
    
-
    For value access operations optional<> uses operators * and -> to lexically
-warn about the possibly uninitialized state appealing to the familiar pointer
-semantics w.r.t. to null pointers.
    
-However, it is particularly important to note that optional<> objects are not pointers. optional<>
-is not, and does not model, a pointer.
-
    For instance, optional<> does not have shallow-copy so does not alias: two different optionals
-  never refer to the same value unless T itself is a reference (but may have equivalent values).
    
-  The difference between an optional<T> and a pointer must be kept in mind, particularly
-  because the semantics of relational operators are different: since optional<T>
-  is a value-wrapper, relational operators are deep: they compare optional values;
-  but relational operators for pointers are shallow:  they do not compare pointee values.
    
-  As a result, you might be able to replace optional<T> by T* on some situations but
-  not always. Specifically, on generic code written for both, you cannot use relational
-  operators directly, and must use the template functions
-  equal_pointees() and
-  less_pointees() instead.
-
    
-
-
    Synopsis
    
-
-
    namespace boost {
-
-template<class T>
-class optional
-{
-  public :
-
-    (If T is of reference type, the parameters and results by reference are by value)
-
-    optional () ;
-
-    optional ( none_t ) ;
-
-    optional ( T const& v ) ;
-
-    optional ( bool condition, T const& v ) ;  [new in 1.34]
-    
-    optional ( optional const& rhs ) ;
-
-    template<class U> explicit optional ( optional<U> const& rhs ) ;
-
-    template<InPlaceFactory> explicit optional ( InPlaceFactory const& f ) ;
-
-    template<TypedInPlaceFactory> explicit optional ( TypedInPlaceFactory const& f ) ;
-
-    optional& operator = ( none_t ) ;
-
-    optional& operator = ( T const& v ) ;
-
-    optional& operator = ( optional const& rhs ) ;
-
-    template<class U> optional& operator = ( optional<U> const& rhs ) ;
-
-    template<InPlaceFactory> optional& operator = ( InPlaceFactory const& f ) ;
-
-    template<TypedInPlaceFactory> optional& operator = ( TypedInPlaceFactory const& f ) ;
-
-    T const& get() const ;
-    T&       get() ;
-
-    T const& get_value_or( T const& default ) const ;  [new in 1.34]
-    
-    T const* operator ->() const ;
-    T*       operator ->() ;
-
-    T const& operator *() const ;
-    T&       operator *() ;
-
-    T const* get_ptr() const ;
-    T*       get_ptr() ;
-
-    operator unspecified-bool-type() const ;
-
-    bool operator!() const ;
-
-    deprecated methods
-
-    void reset() ; (deprecated)
-    void reset ( T const& ) ; (deprecated)
-    bool is_initialized() const ; (deprecated)
-
-} ;
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator == ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator != ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <  ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >  ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator == ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator != ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y ) ; [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline optional<T> make_optional ( T const& v ) ;  [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline optional<T> make_optional ( bool condition, T const& v ) ;  [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline T const& get_optional_value_or ( optional<T> const& opt, T const& default ) ;  [new in 1.34]
-
-template<class T> inline T const& get ( optional<T> const& opt ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline T& get ( optional<T> & opt ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline T const* get ( optional<T> const* opt ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline T* get ( optional<T>* opt ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline T const* get_pointer ( optional<T> const& opt ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline T* get_pointer ( optional<T> & opt ) ;
-
-template<class T> inline void swap( optional<T>& x, optional<T>& y ) ;
-
-} // namespace boost
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    Detailed Semantics
    
-
-
    NOTES: 
    
-
-
    Because T might be of reference type, in the sequel, those entries whose
-semantic depends on T being of reference type or not will be distinguished using
-the following convention:
    
-If the entry reads: optional<T (not a ref)>, the description corresponds only to
-the case where T is not of reference type.
    
-If the entry reads: optional<T&>, the description corresponds only to the case
-where T is of reference type. 
    
-If the entry reads: optional<T>, the description is the same for both cases.
    
-
-
    The following section contains various assert() which are used only to
-show the postconditions as sample code. It is not implied that the type T must
-support each particular expression but that if the expression is supported, the
-implied condition holds.
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T>::optional();
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Default-Constructs an optional.
    
-
    Postconditions: *this is uninitialized.
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes: T's default constructor is not called.
    
-
    Example:
    
-  
    
-    
    optional<T> def ;
-assert ( !def ) ;
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T>::optional( none_t );
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Constructs an optional uninitialized.
    
-
    Postconditions: *this is uninitialized.
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes:
    
-
    
-
    T's default constructor is not called.
    
-The
-expression boost::none denotes an instance of boost::none_t that can be
-used as the parameter.
    
-
    
-
    Example:
    
-  
    
-
    -#include <boost/none.hpp>
-optional<int> n(boost::none) ;
-assert ( !n ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( T const& v )
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Directly-Constructs an optional.
    
-
    Postconditions: *this is initialized and its value is a copy of 'v'.
    
-
    Throws: Whatever T::T( T const& ) throws.
    
-
    Notes:  T::T( T const& ) is called.
    
-
    Exception Safety: Exceptions can only be thrown during T::T( T const& );
-in that case, this constructor has no effect.
-
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    -T v;
-optional<T> opt(v);
-assert ( *opt == v ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T&>::optional( T& ref )
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Directly-Constructs an optional.
    
-
    Postconditions: *this is initialized and its value is an
-instance of an internal type wrapping the reference 'ref'.
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    -T v;
-T& vref = v ;
-optional<T&> opt(vref);
-assert ( *opt == v ) ;
-++ v ; // mutate referee
-assert (*opt == v); 
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( bool condition, T const& v ) ;
-optional<T&>           ::optional( bool condition, T&       v ) ;
-
    
-
-
    
-
    If condition is true, same as:
    
-
    optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( T const& v )
-optional<T&>           ::optional( T&       v )
-
    
-
    otherwise, same as:
    
-
    -optional<T (not a ref)>::optional()
-optional<T&>           ::optional()
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( optional const& rhs );
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Copy-Constructs an optional.
    
-
    Postconditions: If rhs is initialized, *this is initialized
-and its value is a copy of the value of rhs; else *this
-is uninitialized.
    
-
    Throws: Whatever T::T( T const& ) throws.
    
-
    Notes: If rhs is initialized, T::T(T const& ) is called.
    
-
    Exception Safety: Exceptions can only be thrown during T::T( T const& );
-in that case, this constructor has no effect.
-
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    -optional<T> uninit ;
-assert (!uninit);
-
-optional<T> uinit2 ( uninit ) ;
-assert ( uninit2 == uninit );
-
-optional<T> init( T(2) );
-assert ( *init == T(2) ) ;
-
-optional<T> init2 ( init ) ;
-assert ( init2 == init ) ;
-
    
-
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T&>::optional( optional const& rhs );
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Copy-Constructs an optional.
    
-
    Postconditions: If rhs is initialized, *this is initialized
-and its value is another reference to the same object referenced by *rhs; else *this
-is uninitialized.
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes: If rhs is initialized, both *this and *rhs will
-reefer to the same object (they alias).
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    -optional<T&> uninit ;
-assert (!uninit);
-
-optional<T&> uinit2 ( uninit ) ;
-assert ( uninit2 == uninit );
-
-T v = 2 ; T& ref = v ;
-optional<T> init(ref);
-assert ( *init == v ) ;
-
-optional<T> init2 ( init ) ;
-assert ( *init2 == v ) ;
-
-v = 3 ;
-
-assert ( *init  == 3 ) ;
-assert ( *init2 == 3 ) ;
-
-
-
    
-
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    template<U> explicit optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( optional<U> const& rhs );
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Copy-Constructs an optional.
    
-
    Postconditions: If rhs is initialized, *this is initialized
-    and its value is a copy of the value of rhs converted
-    to type T; else *this is uninitialized.
-
    
-
    Throws: Whatever T::T( U const& ) throws.
    
-
    Notes: T::T( U const& ) is called if rhs is initialized, which requires
-a valid conversion from U to T.
-
    
-
    Exception Safety: Exceptions can only be thrown during T::T( U const& );
-in that case, this constructor has no effect.
-
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
-
    -optional<double> x(123.4);
-assert ( *x == 123.4 ) ;
-
-optional<int> y(x) ;
-assert( *y == 123 ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    template<InPlaceFactory> explicit optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( InPlaceFactory const& f );
    
-
-
    template<TypedInPlaceFactory> explicit optional<T (not a ref)>::optional( TypedInPlaceFactory const& f );
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Constructs an optional with a value of T obtained from
-the factory.
    
-
    Postconditions:  *this is initialized and its value is
-directly given from the factory 'f' (i.e., the value is not copied).
    
-
    Throws: Whatever the T constructor called by the factory throws.
    
-
    Notes: See In-Place Factories
    
-
    Exception Safety: Exceptions can only be thrown during the call to the
-T constructor used by the factory;
-in that case, this constructor has no effect.
-
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
-
    -class C { C ( char, double, std::string ) ; } ;
-
-C v('A',123.4,"hello");
-
-optional<C> x( in_place   ('A', 123.4, "hello") ); // InPlaceFactory used
-optional<C> y( in_place<C>('A', 123.4, "hello") ); // TypedInPlaceFactory used
-
-assert ( *x == v ) ;
-assert ( *y == v ) ;
-
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional& optional<T>::operator= ( none_t n ) ;
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Same as opeator=(optional const& rhs), when rhs is default-constructed (uninitialized).
    
-
    Postconditions: *this is uninitialized
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    -#include <boost/none.hpp>
-
-optional<int> def ;
-optional<int> opt(123) ;
-
-opt = boost::none ;
-
-assert ( opt == def ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional& optional<T (not a ref)>::operator= ( T const& rhs ) ;
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Assigns the value 'rhs' to an optional.
    
-
    Postconditions: *this is initialized
-and its value is a copy of rhs.
    
-
    Throws: Whatever T::operator=( T const& ) or T::T(T const&) throws.
    
-
    Notes: If *this was initialized, T's assignment operator is 
-used, otherwise, its copy-constructor is used.
    
-
    Exception Safety: In the event of an exception, the initialization 
-state of *this is unchanged and its value unspecified as far as optional 
-is concerned (it is up to T's operator=()) [If *this is initially 
-uninitialized and T's copy constructor fails, *this is left 
-properly uninitialized]
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    -T x;
-optional<T> def ;
-optional<T> opt(x) ;
-
-T y;
-def = y ;
-assert ( *def == y ) ;
-opt = y ;
-assert ( *opt == y ) ;
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T&>& optional<T&>::operator= ( T& const& rhs ) ;
    
-
    
-
    Effect: (Re)binds thee wrapped reference.
    
-
    Postconditions: *this is initialized
-and it references the same object referenced by rhs.
    
-
    Notes: If *this was initialized, is is rebound to the 
-new object. See here for details on this behavior.
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    -int a = 1 ;
-int b = 2 ;
-T& ra = a ;
-T& rb = b ;
-optional<int&> def ;
-optional<int&> opt(ra) ;
-
-def = rb ; // binds 'def' to 'b' through 'rb'
-assert ( *def == b ) ;
-*def = a ; // changes the value of 'b' to a copy of the value of 'a'
-assert ( b == a ) ;
-int c = 3;
-int& rc = c ;
-opt = rc ; // REBINDS to 'c' through 'rc'
-c = 4 ;
-assert ( *opt == 4 ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional& optional<T (not a ref)>::operator= ( optional const& rhs ) ;
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Assigns another optional to an optional.
    
-
    Postconditions: If rhs is initialized, *this is initialized
-and its value is a copy of the value of rhs; else *this
-is uninitialized.
-
    
-
    Throws: Whatever T::operator( T const&) or  T::T( T const& ) throws.
    
-
    Notes: If both *this and rhs are initially initialized, 
-T's assignment operator is used. If *this is initially initialized but 
-rhs is uninitialized, T's destructor is called. If *this is initially 
-uninitialized but rhs is initialized, T's copy constructor is called.
-
    
-
    Exception Safety: In the event of an exception, the initialization 
-state of *this is unchanged and its value unspecified as far as optional 
-is concerned (it is up to T's operator=()) [If *this is initially 
-uninitialized and T's copy constructor fails, *this is left 
-properly uninitialized]
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    T v;
-optional<T> opt(v);
-optional<T> def ;
-
-opt = def ;
-assert ( !def ) ;
-// previous value (copy of 'v') destroyed from within 'opt'.
-
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T&> & optional<T&>::operator= ( optional<T&> const& rhs ) ;
    
-
    
-
    Effect: (Re)binds thee wrapped reference.
    
-
    Postconditions: If *rhs is initialized, *this is initialized
-and it references the same object referenced by *rhs; otherwise, *this 
-is uninitialized (and references no object).
    
-
    Notes: If *this was initialized and so is *rhs, this 
-is is rebound to the new object. See here for details on this 
-behavior.
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    int a = 1 ;
-int b = 2 ;
-T& ra = a ;
-T& rb = b ;
-optional<int&> def ;
-optional<int&> ora(ra) ;
-optional<int&> orb(rb) ;
-
-def = orb ; // binds 'def' to 'b' through 'rb' wrapped within 'orb'
-assert ( *def == b ) ;
-*def = ora ; // changes the value of 'b' to a copy of the value of 'a'
-assert ( b == a ) ;
-int c = 3;
-int& rc = c ;
-optional<int&> orc(rc) ;
-ora = orc ; // REBINDS ora to 'c' through 'rc'
-c = 4 ;
-assert ( *ora == 4 ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    template<U> optional& optional<T (not a ref)>::operator= ( optional<U> const& rhs ) ;
    
-
    
-
    Effect: Assigns another convertible optional to an optional.
    
-
    Postconditions: If rhs is initialized, *this is initialized
-and its value is a copy of the value of rhs converted
-to type T; else *this is uninitialized.
-
    
-
    Throws: Whatever T::operator=( U const& ) or T::T( U const& ) throws.
    
-
    Notes: If both *this and rhs are initially initialized, 
-T's assignment operator (from U) is used. If *this is initially initialized but 
-rhs is uninitialized, T's destructor is called. If *this is initially 
-uninitialized but rhs is initialized, T's converting constructor (from U) is called.
-
    
-
    Exception Safety: In the event of an exception, the initialization 
-state of *this is unchanged and its value unspecified as far as optional 
-is concerned (it is up to T's operator=()) [If *this is initially 
-uninitialized and T's converting constructor fails, *this is left 
-properly uninitialized]
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    T v;
-optional<T> opt0(v);
-optional<U> opt1;
-
-opt1 = opt0 ;
-assert ( *opt1 == static_cast<U>(v) ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
    void optional<T (not a ref)>::reset( T const& v ) ;
    
-
    
-
    Deprecated: same as operator= ( T const& v) ;
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
    void optional<T>::reset() ;
    
-
    
-
    Deprecated: Same as operator=( none_t n);
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    T const& optional<T (not a ref)>::operator*() const ;
-T&       optional<T (not a ref)>::operator*();
    
-
-
    T const& optional<T (not a ref)>::get() const ;
-T&       optional<T (not a ref)>::get() ;
-
-inline T const& get ( optional<T (not a ref)> const& ) ;
-inline T&       get ( optional<T (not a ref)> &) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    Requirements: *this is initialized
    
-
    Returns: A reference to the contained value
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes: The requirement is asserted via BOOST_ASSERT().
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    T v ;
-optional<T> opt ( v );
-T const& u = *opt;
-assert ( u == v ) ;
-T w ;
-*opt = w ;
-assert ( *opt == w ) ;
-
    
-  
    
-    
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
-
    T const& optional<T&>::operator*() const ;
-T      & optional<T&>::operator*();
    
-
-
    T const& optional<T&>::get() const ;
-T&       optional<T&>::get() ;
-
-inline T const& get ( optional<T&> const& ) ;
-inline T&       get ( optional<T&> &) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    Requirements: *this is initialized
    
-
    Returns: The reference contained.
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes: The requirement is asserted via BOOST_ASSERT().
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    T v ;
-T& vref = v ;
-optional<T&> opt ( vref );
-T const& vref2 = *opt;
-assert ( vref2 == v ) ;
-++ v ;
-assert ( *opt == v ) ;
    
-  
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    T const& optional<T>::get_value_or( T const& default) const ;
-T&       optional<T>::get_value_or( T&       default ) ;
-
-inline T const& get_optional_value_or ( optional<T> const& o, T const& default ) ;
-inline T&       get_optional_value_or ( optional<T>&       o, T&       default ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    Returns: A reference to the contained value (which can be itself a reference), if any, or default
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    T v, z ;
-optional<T> def;
-T const& y = def.get_value_or(z);
-assert ( y == z ) ;
-
-optional<T> opt ( v );
-T const& u = get_optional_value_or(opt,z);
-assert ( u == v ) ;
-assert ( u != z ) ;
-
    
-  
    
-    
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    T const* optional<T>::get_ptr() const ;
-T*       optional<T>::get_ptr() ;
-
-inline T const* get_pointer ( optional<T> const& ) ;
-inline T*       get_pointer ( optional<T> &) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    Returns: If *this is initialized, a pointer to the contained
-value; else 0 (null).
-
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes: If T is a reference type, the pointer is to the referenced object
    
-
    Notes: The contained value is permanently stored within *this, so
-you should not hold nor delete this pointer.
-
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    int v=123;
-optional<int> opt(v);
-optional<int> const copt(v);
-int* p = opt.get_ptr() ;
-int const* cp = copt.get_ptr();
-assert ( p == get_pointer(opt) );
-assert ( cp == get_pointer(copt) ) ;
-
-int& rv = v ;
-optional<int&> optr(rv);
-
-*(optr.get_ptr()) = 456 ;
-
-assert ( v == 456 );
-
-
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
-
    
-
-
-
    T const* optional<T>::operator ->() const ;
-T*       optional<T>::operator ->()       ;
-
    
-
    
-
    Requirements: *this is initialized.
    
-
    Returns: A pointer to the contained value.
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes: If T is a reference type, the pointer is to the referenced object
    
-
    Notes: The requirement is asserted via BOOST_ASSERT().
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    struct X { int mdata ; } ;
-X x ;
-optional<X> opt (x);
-opt->mdata = 2 ;
-
-X& rx = x ;
-
-optional<X&> optr (rx);
-optr->mdata = 4 ;
-
-assert ( x.mdata = 4 ) 
-
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
-
    
-
-
-
    optional<T>::operator unspecified-bool-type() const ;
    
-
    
-
    Returns: An unspecified value which if used on a boolean context is equivalent to (get() != 0)
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    
-    
    optional<T> def ;
-assert ( def == 0 );
-optional<T> opt ( v ) ;
-assert ( opt );
-assert ( opt != 0 );
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
-
     bool optional<T>::operator!() ;
    
-
    
-
    Returns: If *this is uninitialized, true; else false.
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes: This operator is provided for those compilers which can't use
-the unspecified-bool-type operator in certain boolean contexts.
-
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    optional<T> opt ;
-assert ( !opt );
-*opt = some_T ;
-
-// Notice the "double-bang" idiom here.
-assert ( !!opt ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
-
    
-
-
-
    bool optional<T>::is_initialized() const ;
    
-
    
-
    Returns: true is the optional is initialized, false
-otherwise.
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    
-    
    optional<T> def ;
-assert ( !def.is_initialized() );
-optional<T> opt ( v ) ;
-assert ( opt.is_initialized() );
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    optional<T (not a ref)> make_optional( T const& v )
    
-
    
-
    Returns: optional<T>(v) for the deduced type T of v.
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    template<class T> void foo ( optional<T> const& opt ) ;
-
-foo ( make_optional(1+1) ) ; // Creates an optional<int>
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    optional<T (not a ref)> make_optional( bool condition, T const& v )
    
-
    
-
    Returns: optional<T>(condition,v) for the deduced type T of v.
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-
    optional<double> calculate_foo()
-{
-  double val = compute_foo();
-  return make_optional(is_not_nan_and_finite(val),val);
-}
-
-optional<double> v = calculate_foo();
-if ( !v )
-  error("foo wasn't computed");
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
-
    bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y );
    
-
    
-
    Returns: If both x and y are initialied, (*x == *y).
-If only x or y is initialized, false. If both are uninitialized, true. 
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes: Pointers have shallow relational operators while optional has
-deep relational operators. Do not use operator == directly in generic code
-which expect to be given either an optional<T> or a pointer;
-use equal_pointees() instead 
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    T x(12);
-T y(12);
-T z(21);
-optional<T> def0 ;
-optional<T> def1 ;
-optional<T> optX(x);
-optional<T> optY(y);
-optional<T> optZ(z);
-
-// Identity always hold
-assert ( def0 == def0 );
-assert ( optX == optX );
-
-// Both uninitialized compare equal
-assert ( def0 == def1 );
-
-// Only one initialized compare unequal.
-assert ( def0 != optX );
-
-// Both initialized compare as (*lhs == *rhs)
-assert ( optX == optY ) ;
-assert ( optX != optZ ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
-
    bool operator < ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y );
    
-
    
-
    Returns: If y is not initialized, false.
-If y is initialized and x is not initialized, true.
-If both x and y are initialized, (*x < *y). 
    
-
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    Notes: Pointers have shallow relational operators while optional has
-deep relational operators. Do not use operator < directly in generic code
-which expect to be given either an optional<T> or a pointer;
-use less_pointees() instead 
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-    
    T x(12);
-T y(34);
-optional<T> def ;
-optional<T> optX(x);
-optional<T> optY(y);
-
-// Identity always hold
-assert ( !(def < def) );
-assert ( optX == optX );
-
-// Both uninitialized compare equal
-assert ( def0 == def1 );
-
-// Only one initialized compare unequal.
-assert ( def0 != optX );
-
-// Both initialized compare as (*lhs == *rhs)
-assert ( optX == optY ) ;
-assert ( optX != optZ ) ;
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
    bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y );
-
    
-
    
-  
    Returns: !( x == y );
    
-  
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
    bool operator > ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y );
-
    
-
    
-  
    Returns: ( y < x );
    
-  
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
    bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y );
-
    
-
    
-  
    Returns: !( y<x );
    
-  
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
    bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y );
-
    
-
    
-  
    Returns: !( x<y );
    
-  
    Throws: Nothing.
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
    -bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
-bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
-bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
-bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
-bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
-bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, T const& n );
-bool operator == ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator != ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator <  ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator >  ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator <= ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator >= ( T const& n, optional<T> const& y );
-
    
-
    
-  
    Returns: The result obtained by replacing the argument 'n' by optional<T>(n).
    
-
    
-
-
    
-
    -bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, none_t n );
-bool operator == ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator != ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator <  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator >  ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator <= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-bool operator >= ( none_t n, optional<T> const& y );
-
    
-
    
-  
    Returns: The result obtained by replacing the argument 'n' by optional<T>().
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    void swap ( optional<T>& x, optional<T>& y );
    
-
-
    
-
    Effect: If both x and y are initialized, calls swap(*x,*y) using std::swap.
    
-If only one is initialized, say x, calls: y = *x; x = boost:none;
    
-If none is initialized, does nothing. 
    
-
    Postconditions: The states of x and y interchanged.
    
-
    Throws: If both are initialized, whatever swap(T&,T&) throws.
-If only one is initialized, whatever T::T ( T const& ) throws. 
    
-
    Notes: If both are initialized, swap(T&,T&) is used unqualified but with std::swap introduced in scope.
    
-If only one is initialized, T::~T() and T::T( T const& ) is called. 
    
-
    Exception Safety: If both are initialized, this operation has the exception
-safety guarantees of swap(T&,T&).
    
-If only one is initialized, it has the same basic guarantee as optional<T>::operator=( T const& ). 
    
-
    Example:
    
-
    
-      
    T x(12);
-T y(21);
-optional<T> def0 ;
-optional<T> def1 ;
-optional<T> optX(x);
-optional<T> optY(y);
-
-boost::swap(def0,def1); // no-op
-
-boost::swap(def0,optX);
-assert ( *def0 == x );
-assert ( !optX );
-
-boost::swap(def0,optX); // Get back to original values
-
-boost::swap(optX,optY);
-assert ( *optX == y );
-assert ( *optY == x );
-
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    Examples
    
-
-
    Optional return values
    
-
    optional<char> get_async_input()
-{
-  if ( !queue.empty() )
-       return optional<char>(queue.top());
-  else return optional<char>(); // uninitialized
-}
-
-void receive_async_message()
-{
-  optional<char> rcv ;
-  // The safe boolean conversion from 'rcv' is used here.
-  while ( (rcv = get_async_input()) && !timeout() )
-    output(*rcv);
-}
-
    
-
-
    Optional local variables
    
-
    optional<string> name ;
-if ( database.open() )
-{
-  name = database.lookup(employer_name) ;
-}
-else
-{
-  if ( can_ask_user )
-    name = user.ask(employer_name) ;
-}
-
-if ( name )
-     print(*name);
-else print("employer's name not found!");
-
    
-
-
    Optional data members
    
-
    class figure
-{
-  public:
-
-    figure()
-    {
-      // data member 'm_clipping_rect' is uninitialized at this point.
-    }
-
-    void clip_in_rect ( rect const& rect )
-      {
-         ....
-         m_clipping_rect = rect ; // initialized here.
-      }
-
-    void draw ( canvas& cvs )
-      {
-        if ( m_clipping_rect )
-          do_clipping(*m_clipping_rect);
-
-        cvs.drawXXX(..);
-      }
-
-    // this can return NULL.
-    rect const* get_clipping_rect() { return get_pointer(m_clipping_rect); }
-
-  private :
-
-    optional<rect> m_clipping_rect ;
-
-};
-
    
-
    Bypassing expensive unnecessary default construction
    
-
    class ExpensiveCtor { ... } ;
-class Fred
-{
-  Fred() : mLargeVector(10000) {}
-
-  std::vector< optional<ExpensiveCtor> > mLargeVector ;
-} ;
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    Optional references
    
-
    This library allows the template parameter T to be of reference type: T&, and
-to some extent, T const&.
    
-
-
    However, since references are not real objects some restrictions apply and
-some operations are not available in this case:
    
-
-
      
-  
    • Converting constructors
      • 
-  
    • Converting assignment
      • 
-  
    • InPlace construction
      • 
-  
    • InPlace assignment
      • 
-
    
-
    Also, even though optional<T&> treats it wrapped pseudo-object much as a real
-value, a true real reference is stored, thus aliasing can ocurr: 
    
-
-
      
-  
    • Copies of optional<T&> copies the reference, but all copied references
-  will nonetheless reefer to the same object.
      • 
-  
    • Value-access provides access to the referenced object rather
-  than the reference itself.
      • 
-  
    • Pointer-access provides a pointer to the referenced object rather
-  than a pointer to the reference itself.
      • 
-
    
-
-
    
-
    Rebinding semantics for assignment of optional 
-references
    
-
    If you assign to an uninitialized optional<T&> the effect is to bind (for the first time) to the object. 
-Clearly, there is no other choice.
    
-
    int x = 1 ;
-int& rx = x ;
-optional<int&> ora ;
-optional<int&> orb(rx) ;
-ora = orb ; // now 'ora' is bound to 'x' through 'rx'
-*ora = 2 ; // Changes value of 'x' through 'ora'
-assert(x==2); 
-
    
-
    If you assign to a bare C++ reference, the assignment is forwarded to the 
-referenced object; it's value changes but the reference is never rebound.
    
-
    int a = 1 ;
-int& ra = a ;
-int b = 2 ;
-int& rb = b ;
-ra = rb ; // Changes the VALUE of 'a' to that of 'b'
-assert(a==b);
-b = 3 ;
-assert(ra!=b); // 'ra' is not rebound to 'b'
-
    
-
    Now, if you assign to an initialized optional<T&>, the effect is to rebind to the new object instead of assigning the referee. This is unlike 
-bare C++ references.
    
-
    int a = 1 ;
-int b = 2 ;
-int& ra = a ;
-int& rb = b ;
-optional<int&> ora(ra) ;
-optional<int&> orb(rb) ;
-ora = orb ; // 'ora' is rebound to 'b'
-*ora = 3 ; // Changes value of 'b' (not 'a')
-assert(a==1); 
-assert(b==3); 
-
    
-
    Rationale:
    
-
    Rebinding semantics for the assignment of initialized optional 
-references has been chosen to provide consistency among initialization 
-states even at the expense of lack of consistency with the semantics of bare 
-C++ references.
    
-It is true that optional<U> strives to behave as much as possible as U does 
-whenever it is initialized; but in the case when U is T&, doing so would result 
-in inconsistent behavior w.r.t to the lvalue initialization state.
    
-
    Consider the following code :
    
-
    -int x = 1 ;
-int& rx = x ;
-void foo ( optional<int&> & outer )
-{
-  optional<int&> b(rx);
-  outer = b ;
-}
-
    
-
    What should the assignment to 'outer' do?
    
-If 'outer' is uninitialized, the answer is clear: it should bind to 'x' (so we now have 
-a second reference to 'x').
    
-But what if 'outer' is already initialized?
    
-The assignment could change the value of the 
-referenced object (whatever that is), but doing that would be inconsistent with the uninitialized case
-and then you wouldn't be able to reason at compile time about all the references to x since
-the appearance of a new reference to it would depend on wheter the lvalue ('outer')
-is initialized or not.
    
-
    Arguably, if rebinding the reference to another object is wrong for your code, then is 
-likely that binding it for the fist time via assignment instead of intialization is also wrong.
-In that case, you can always just assign the value to the referenced object directly via
-the access operator *opt=value.
    
-
    If rebinding is wrong but first-time binding 
-isn't (via assignment), you can always work around the rebinding semantics using a discriminator:
    
-
    -if ( !opt )
-      opt = value ; // first-time binding
-else *opt = value ; // assign to referee without rebinding 
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    none_t and none
    
-
    optional<T> supports uninitialized states with a convenient syntax via a constant of 
-the implementation-defined type boost::none_t, identified as boost::none.
    
-
    Starting with Boost version 1.34.0, both boost::none_t and boost::none are
-included in boost/none.hpp, which is automatically included by boost/optional/optional.hpp
-
    
-
    This contant is similar in purpose to NULL, except that is not a null pointer value. You can use it to initialize  
-an optional<T> instance, which has the same effect of a default constructor, and you can assign it which has the 
-effect of reseting the optional<T> instance. You can also use it in relational operators to make the predicate expression
-more clear.
    
-
    Here are some typical examples:
    
-
    -#include "boost/optional/optional.hpp" // boost/none.hpp is included automatically
-
-boost::optional<int> foo ( int a )
-{
-  return some_condition(a) ? boost::make_optional(a) : boost::none ;  
-  
-  // NOTE: in real code you can just use this: make_optional(some_condition(a), a ) 
-}
-
-boost::optional<int> opt = boost::none ;
-
-if ( opt == boost::none )
-  opt = foo(123);
-
-opt = boost::none ;
-
-
    
-
-
    
-
-
    In-Place Factories
    
-
    
-One of the typical problems with wrappers and containers is that their
-interfaces usually provide an operation to initialize or assign the contained
-object as a copy of some other object. This not only requires the underlying
-type to be Copy Constructible, but also requires the existence of a fully
-constructed object, often temporary, just to follow the copy from:
    
-
    struct X
-{
-  X ( int, std:::string ) ;
-} ;
    
-
    class W
-{
-  X wrapped_ ;
-
-public:
-
-  W ( X const& x ) : wrapped_(x) {}
-} ;
    
-
    void foo()
-{
-  // Temporary object created.
-  W ( X(123,"hello") ) ;
-}
-
    
-
    A solution to this problem is to support direct construction of the contained
-object right in the container's storage.
    
-In this scheme, the user only needs to supply the arguments to the constructor
-to use in the wrapped object construction.
    
-
    class W
-{
-  X wrapped_ ;
-
-public:
-
-  W ( X const& x ) : wrapped_(x) {}
-  W ( int a0, std::string a1) : wrapped_(a0,a1) {}
-} ;
    
-
    void foo()
-{
-  // Wrapped object constructed in-place
-  // No temporary created.
-  W (123,"hello") ;
-}
-
    
-
    A limitation of this method is that it doesn't scale well to wrapped objects with multiple
-constructors nor to generic code were the constructor overloads are unknown.
    
-
    The solution presented in this library is the family of InPlaceFactories and TypedInPlaceFactories.
    
-These factories are a family of classes which encapsulate an increasing number of arbitrary
-constructor parameters and supply a method to construct an object of a given type using those
-parameters at an address specified by the user via placement new.
    
-
     For example, one member of this family looks like:
    
-
    template<class T,class A0, class A1>
-class TypedInPlaceFactory2
-{
-  A0 m_a0 ; A1 m_a1 ;
-
-public:
-
-  TypedInPlaceFactory2( A0 const& a0, A1 const& a1 ) : m_a0(a0), m_a1(a1) {}
-
-  void construct ( void* p ) { new (p) T(m_a0,m_a1) ; }
-} ;
-
    
-
    A wrapper class aware of this can use it as:
    
-
    class W
-{
-  X wrapped_ ;
-
-public:
-
-  W ( X const& x ) : wrapped_(x) {}
-  W ( TypedInPlaceFactory2 const& fac ) { fac.construct(&wrapped_) ; }
-} ;
    
-
    void foo()
-{
-  // Wrapped object constructed in-place via a TypedInPlaceFactory.
-  // No temporary created.
-  W ( TypedInPlaceFactory2<X,int,std::string&rt;(123,"hello")) ;
-}
-
    
-
    The factories are divided in two groups:
      
-  
    • TypedInPlaceFactories: those which take the target type as a primary template parameter.
      • 
-  
    • InPlaceFactories: those with a template construct(void*) member function taking the target type.
      • 
-  
    
-
    Within each group, all the family members differ only in the number of parameters allowed.
    
-
    
-
    This library provides an overloaded set of helper template functions to construct these factories
-without requiring unnecessary template parameters:
    
-
    template<class A0,...,class AN>
-InPlaceFactoryN <A0,...,AN> in_place ( A0 const& a0, ..., AN const& aN) ;
-
-template<class T,class A0,...,class AN>
-TypedInPlaceFactoryN <T,A0,...,AN> in_place ( T const& a0, A0 const& a0, ..., AN const& aN) ;
    
-
-
    In-place factories can be used generically by the wrapper and user as follows:
    
-
    class W
-{
-  X wrapped_ ;
-
-public:
-
-  W ( X const& x ) : wrapped_(x) {}
-
-  template
-  W ( InPlaceFactory const& fac ) { fac.template <X>construct(&wrapped_) ; }
-
-} ;
    
-
    void foo()
-{
-  // Wrapped object constructed in-place via a InPlaceFactory.
-  // No temporary created.
-  W ( in_place(123,"hello") ) ;
-}
-
    
-
    The factories are implemented in the headers: in_place_factory.hpp and typed_in_place_factory.hpp 
    
-
-
    
-
-
    A note about optional<bool>
    
-
    optional<bool> should be used with special caution and consideration.
    
-
    First, it is functionally similar to a tristate boolean (false,maybe,true) —such as boost::tribool—except that in a tristate boolean,
-the maybe state represents a valid value, unlike the corresponding state
-of an uninitialized optional<bool>.
    
-It should be carefully considered if an optional<bool> instead of a tribool is really needed
    
-
    Second, optional<> provides a simple way to test initialization state: an implicit conversion to a type that evaluates as a 'bool' in a boolean context.
    
-Using optional<bool> can lead to subtle errors due to this implicit conversion:
    
-
    void foo ( bool v ) ;
-void bar()
-{
-  optional<bool> v = try();
-
-  // The following intended to pass the value of 'v' to foo():
-  foo(v);
-  // But instead, the initialization state is passed
-  // due to a typo: it should have been foo(*v).
-}
-
    
-
    The only implicit conversion is to bool, and it is safe in the sense that typical
-integral promotions don't apply (i.e. if foo() takes an 'int' instead, it won't compile). 
    
-
-
    Exception Safety Guarantees
    
-
-
    Assignment:
    
-
    IMPORTANT NOTE: This changed in 1.33.1 with respect to previous versions
    
-
    Because of the current implementation (see Implementation Notes), all
-of the assignment methods:
    
-
      
-  
    •  optional<T>::operator= ( optional<T> const& ) 
-  
      • 
-  
    •  optional<T>::operator= ( T const& ) 
      • 
-  
    •  template<class U> optional<T>::operator= ( optional<U> const& ) 
-  
      • 
-  
    •  template<class InPlaceFactory> optional<T>::operator= (
-  InPlaceFactory const& ) 
      • 
-  
    •  template<class TypedInPlaceFactory> optional<T>::operator= (
-  TypedInPlaceFactory const& ) 
      • 
-
    
-
    cannot offer any exception safety guarantee beyond that provided by T::operator=( T const& )
    
-
    On the other hand, the uninitializing methods:
    
-
      
-  
    • optional<T>::operator= ( detail::none_t ) 
      • 
-
    
-
    Provides the no-throw guarantee (assuming a no-throw T::~T()) becuse it only destroys the stored object.
    
-
-
    Swap:
    
-
    void swap( optional<T>&, optional<T>& ) has the same exception guarantee as swap(T&,T&) when both optionals are initialized.
    
-If only one of the optionals is initialized, it gives the same exception guarantee as T::operator=( T const& ) (since optional<T>::operator=( none_t ) doesn't throw).
    
-If none of the optionals is initialized, it has no-throw guarantee since it is a no-op. 
    
-
-
    
-
-
    Type requirements
    
-
    In general, T must be Copy Constructible and have a no-throw destructor. The copy-constructible requirement is not needed
-if InPlaceFactories are used.
    
-T is not required to be Default Constructible 
    
-
-
    
-
-
    Implementation Notes
    
-
    optional<T> is currently implemented
-  using a custom aligned storage facility built from alignment_of and type_with_alignment (both from Type Traits). 
-  It uses a separate boolean flag to indicate the initialization state.
    
-
    Placement new with T's copy constructor and T's destructor
-  is explicitly used to initialize and destroy optional values. This allows T's default constructor to be effectively by-passed.
    
-
    If assignment is used and the lvalue optional is uninitialized, T's copy constructor is used. However, if it is already initialized, T's assignment operator is used. This prevents optional from offering any exception guarantee stronger than the one offered by the type T itself
    
-
-
    
-
-
    Dependencies and Portability
    
-
-
    The implementation uses type_traits/alignment_of.hpp and type_traits/type_with_alignment.hpp
    
-
-
    
-
-
    Acknowledgments
    
-
    Pre-formal review:
    
-
    
-
    Peter Dimov suggested the name 'optional', and was the first to point out the
-  need for aligned storage
    
-  Douglas Gregor developed 'type_with_alignment', and later Eric Friedman coded
-  'aligned_storage', which are the core of the optional class implementation.
    
-  Andrei Alexandrescu and Brian Parker also worked with aligned storage techniques
-  and their work influenced the current implementation.
    
-  Gennadiy Rozental made extensive and important comments which shaped the design.
    
-  Vesa Karvonen and Douglas Gregor made quite useful comparisons between optional,
-  variant and any; and made other relevant comments. Douglas Gregor and Peter
-  Dimov commented on comparisons and evaluation in boolean contexts.
    
-  Eric Friedman helped understand the issues involved with aligned storage, move/copy
-  operations and exception safety.
    
-  Many others have participated with useful comments: Aleksey Gurotov, Kevlin
-  Henney, David Abrahams, and others I can't recall. 
    
-
    
-
    Post-formal review:
    
-
    
-  
    William Kempf carefully considered the originally proposed interface and
-    suggested the new interface which is currently used. He also started and fueled
-    the discussion about the analogy optional<>/smart pointer and about
-    relational operators.
    
-    Peter Dimov, Joel de Guzman, David Abrahams, Tanton Gibbs and Ian Hanson focused
-    on the relational semantics of optional (originally undefined); concluding
-    with the fact that the pointer-like interface doesn't make it a pointer so
-    it shall have deep relational operators.
    
-    Augustus Saunders also explored the different relational semantics between
-    optional<> and a pointer and developed the OptionalPointee concept as
-    an aid against potential conflicts on generic code.
    
-    Joel de Guzman noticed that optional<> can be seen as an API on top
-    of variant<T,nil_t>.
    
-    Dave Gomboc explained the meaning and usage of the Haskell analog to optional<>:
-    the Maybe type constructor (analogy originally pointed out by David Sankel).
    
-    Other comments were posted by Vincent Finn, Anthony Williams, Ed Brey, Rob
-    Stewart, and others.
    
-    Joel de Guzman made the case for the support of references and helped with
-    the proper semantics.
    
-    Mat Marcus shown the virtues of a value-oriented interface, influencing the
-    current design, and contributed the idea of "none".
    
-
    
-
    
-
-
    Revised March 27, 2007
    
-
    © Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 2003-2007
    
-
     Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
-License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
    
-
    Developed by Fernando Cacciola,
-the latest version of this file can be found at www.boost.org, and the boost discussion lists
    
-
    
-
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/doc/optional.qbk b/doc/optional.qbk
index 388f686..7388b5f 100644
--- a/doc/optional.qbk
+++ b/doc/optional.qbk
@@ -40,11 +40,6 @@ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 
 [/ Icons ]
 
-[def __NOTE__ [$images/note.png]]
-[def __ALERT__ [$images/caution.png]]
-[def __DETAIL__ [$images/note.png]]
-[def __TIP__ [$images/tip.png]]
-[def __QUESTION_MARK__ [$images/question.png]]
 [def __SPACE__ [$images/space.png]]
 [def __GO_TO__ [$images/callouts/R.png]]
 
diff --git a/doc/reference.qbk b/doc/reference.qbk
index 73993b3..c50b61a 100644
--- a/doc/reference.qbk
+++ b/doc/reference.qbk
@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@
 Because `T` might be of reference type, in the sequel, those entries whose
 semantic depends on `T` being of reference type or not will be distinguished
 using the following convention:
+
 * If the entry reads: `optional`, the description
 corresponds only to the case where `T` is not of reference type.
 * If the entry reads: `optional`, the description corresponds only to
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index ed59314..3031e05 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 
 
-
+
 
 
 Automatic redirection failed, please go to
-doc/optional.html. 
    
-
    © Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001
    
+doc/html/index.html. 
    
+
    � Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001
    
 
    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying 
 file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy 
 at www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
    

From 5a1938ccf7dc37b33becb5db886297f56aec0bc9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel James 
Date: Sun, 16 Mar 2008 11:38:32 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 21/23] Rebuild a lot of documentation.

[SVN r43650]
---
 .../a_note_about_optional_bool_.html          | 13 ++-
 doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html  | 17 ++--
 .../dependencies_and_portability.html         | 10 +--
 .../boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html    | 20 ++---
 doc/html/boost_optional/development.html      | 20 ++---
 doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html         | 18 ++--
 .../exception_safety_guarantees.html          | 19 ++--
 .../boost_optional/implementation_notes.html  |  9 +-
 .../boost_optional/in_place_factories.html    | 12 ++-
 .../boost_optional/optional_references.html   |  9 +-
 ...for_assignment_of_optional_references.html | 14 ++-
 doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html         | 88 +++++++++----------
 .../boost_optional/type_requirements.html     |  9 +-
 doc/html/index.html                           | 10 +--
 14 files changed, 124 insertions(+), 144 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html
index 5191d1d..03df952 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
 
 
 
-A note about
-    optional<bool>
+A note about optional<bool>
 
-
+
 
 
 
-
+
 
 
 
-
+
@@ -26,8 +24,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html
index 09e3c71..f0e11c2 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html
@@ -3,16 +3,15 @@
 
 Acknowledgments
 
-
+
 
 
-
+
 
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
 
    
-
+
@@ -24,11 +23,11 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
-
-      Pre-formal
+
+      Pre-formal
       review
     
    
 
      
@@ -66,8 +65,8 @@
       
 
    
 
    
-
-      Post-formal
+
+      Post-formal
       review
     
    
 
      
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html
index 35ecb80..0643863 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 
 
 
-Dependencies
-    and Portability
+Dependencies and Portability
 
-
+
 
 
 
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
 
    
-
+
@@ -25,8 +24,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html
index ef68023..bc2b7ab 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 Detailed Semantics
 
-
+
 
 
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
 
    
-
+
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
       Because T might be of reference
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
       space
     
    
 
    
-
-      optional
+
+      optional
       class member functions
     
    
 
    
@@ -506,7 +506,7 @@
         constructor called by the factory throws.
       
 
  • 
-Notes: See In-Place
+Notes: See In-Place
         Factories
 
    • 
 
  • 
@@ -613,7 +613,7 @@
       
    • 
 
  • 
 Notes: If *this was initialized, is is rebound
-        to the new object. See here for
+        to the new object. See here for
         details on this behavior.
       
    • 
 
  • 
@@ -721,7 +721,7 @@
       
    • 
 
  • 
 Notes: If *this was initialized and so is *rhs, this
-        is is rebound to the new object. See here
+        is is rebound to the new object. See here
         for details on this behavior.
       
    • 
 
  • 
@@ -1340,8 +1340,8 @@
       space
     
    
 
    
-
-      Free functions
+
+      Free functions
     
    
 
    
       space
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html
index 8d58d8b..ec4a83f 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 Development
 
-
+
 
 
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 
    • 
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
 
    
-
+
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    The models
    
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
         In C++, we can declare an object (a variable) of type
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
         Objects of type optional<T>
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
         Since the purpose of optional is to allow us to use objects with a formal
@@ -292,8 +292,8 @@
         itself which are supported by a special interface.
       
    
 
    
-
-        Lexically-hinted
+
+        Lexically-hinted
         Value Access in the presence of possibly untitialized optional objects: The
         operators * and ->
       
    
@@ -357,8 +357,8 @@
         incarnated by pointers.
       
    
 
    
-
-        Optional<T>
+
+        Optional<T>
         as a model of OptionalPointee
       
    
 
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html
index 7685a73..0ec372c 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 Examples
 
-
+
 
 
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
 
    
-
+
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    Optional
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    @@ -61,8 +60,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    @@ -84,8 +82,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    @@ -124,8 +121,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html
index 8f6504f..400c13f 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html
@@ -1,20 +1,18 @@
 
 
 
-Exception Safety
-    Guarantees
+Exception Safety Guarantees
 
-
+
 
 
-
+
 
 
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
 
    
-
+
@@ -26,12 +24,11 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
-      Because of the current implementation (see Implementation
+      Because of the current implementation (see Implementation
       Notes), all of the assignment methods:
     
    
 
      
@@ -116,8 +113,8 @@
 }
 
 
      
-
-      Swap
+
+      Swap
     
      
 
      
       void swap( optional<T>&,
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html
index c0225b3..0b8a232 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html
@@ -3,17 +3,16 @@
 
 Implementation Notes
 
-
+
 
 
 
-
+
 
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
 
    
-
+
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
       optional<T> is
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html
index a972384..32c5033 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html
@@ -3,18 +3,16 @@
 
 In-Place Factories
 
-
+
 
 
-
-
+
+
 
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
    
-
+
@@ -26,7 +24,7 @@
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
       One of the typical problems with wrappers and containers is that their interfaces
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html
index 1222a42..cacadbd 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html
@@ -3,17 +3,16 @@
 
 Optional references
 
-
+
 
 
 
-
+
 
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
    
-
+
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
       This library allows the template parameter T
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html
index 5b894aa..71ca93c 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 
 
 
-Rebinding
-    semantics for assignment of optional references
+Rebinding semantics for assignment of optional references
 
-
+
 
 
 
@@ -13,7 +12,7 @@
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
    
-
+
@@ -25,8 +24,7 @@
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
@@ -75,8 +73,8 @@
 assert(b==3); 
 
 
    
-
-      Rationale
+
+      Rationale
     
    
 
    
       Rebinding semantics for the assignment of initialized 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html
index c128fc6..b23556b 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 Synopsis
 
-
+
 
 
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
    
-
+
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 
    
 
    
 
     namespace boost {
@@ -36,101 +36,101 @@
 
     // (If T is of reference type, the parameters and results by reference are by value)
 
-    optional () ; R
+    optional () ; R
 
-    optional ( none_t ) ; R
+    optional ( none_t ) ; R
 
-    optional ( T const& v ) ; R
+    optional ( T const& v ) ; R
 
     // [new in 1.34]
-    optional ( bool condition, T const& v ) ; R 
+    optional ( bool condition, T const& v ) ; R 
 
-    optional ( optional const& rhs ) ; R
+    optional ( optional const& rhs ) ; R
 
-    template<class U> explicit optional ( optional<U> const& rhs ) ; R
+    template<class U> explicit optional ( optional<U> const& rhs ) ; R
 
-    template<class InPlaceFactory> explicit optional ( InPlaceFactory const& f ) ; R
+    template<class InPlaceFactory> explicit optional ( InPlaceFactory const& f ) ; R
 
-    template<class TypedInPlaceFactory> explicit optional ( TypedInPlaceFactory const& f ) ; R
+    template<class TypedInPlaceFactory> explicit optional ( TypedInPlaceFactory const& f ) ; R
 
     optional& operator = ( none_t ) ; 
 
-    optional& operator = ( T const& v ) ; R
+    optional& operator = ( T const& v ) ; R
 
-    optional& operator = ( optional const& rhs ) ; R
+    optional& operator = ( optional const& rhs ) ; R
 
-    template<class U> optional& operator = ( optional<U> const& rhs ) ; R
+    template<class U> optional& operator = ( optional<U> const& rhs ) ; R
 
     template<class InPlaceFactory> optional& operator = ( InPlaceFactory const& f ) ; 
 
     template<class TypedInPlaceFactory> optional& operator = ( TypedInPlaceFactory const& f ) ; 
 
-    T const& get() const ; R
-    T&       get() ; R
+    T const& get() const ; R
+    T&       get() ; R
 
     // [new in 1.34]
-    T const& get_value_or( T const& default ) const ; R 
+    T const& get_value_or( T const& default ) const ; R 
 
-    T const* operator ->() const ; R
-    T*       operator ->() ; R
+    T const* operator ->() const ; R
+    T*       operator ->() ; R
 
-    T const& operator *() const ; R
-    T&       operator *() ; R
+    T const& operator *() const ; R
+    T&       operator *() ; R
 
-    T const* get_ptr() const ; R
-    T*       get_ptr() ; R
+    T const* get_ptr() const ; R
+    T*       get_ptr() ; R
 
-    operator unspecified-bool-type() const ; R
+    operator unspecified-bool-type() const ; R
 
-    bool operator!() const ; R
+    bool operator!() const ; R
 
     // deprecated methods
 
     // (deprecated)
-    void reset() ; R
+    void reset() ; R
 
     // (deprecated)
-    void reset ( T const& ) ; R
+    void reset ( T const& ) ; R
 
     // (deprecated)
-    bool is_initialized() const ; R
+    bool is_initialized() const ; R
 
 };
 
-template<class T> inline bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
+template<class T> inline bool operator == ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
+template<class T> inline bool operator != ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
+template<class T> inline bool operator <  ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
+template<class T> inline bool operator >  ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
+template<class T> inline bool operator <= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
+template<class T> inline bool operator >= ( optional<T> const& x, optional<T> const& y ) ; R
 
 // [new in 1.34]
-template<class T> inline optional<T> make_optional ( T const& v ) ; R
+template<class T> inline optional<T> make_optional ( T const& v ) ; R
 
 // [new in 1.34]
-template<class T> inline optional<T> make_optional ( bool condition, T const& v ) ; R
+template<class T> inline optional<T> make_optional ( bool condition, T const& v ) ; R
 
 // [new in 1.34]
-template<class T> inline T const& get_optional_value_or ( optional<T> const& opt, T const& default ) ; R 
+template<class T> inline T const& get_optional_value_or ( optional<T> const& opt, T const& default ) ; R 
 
-template<class T> inline T const& get ( optional<T> const& opt ) ; R
+template<class T> inline T const& get ( optional<T> const& opt ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline T& get ( optional<T> & opt ) ; R
+template<class T> inline T& get ( optional<T> & opt ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline T const* get ( optional<T> const* opt ) ; R
+template<class T> inline T const* get ( optional<T> const* opt ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline T* get ( optional<T>* opt ) ; R
+template<class T> inline T* get ( optional<T>* opt ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline T const* get_pointer ( optional<T> const& opt ) ; R
+template<class T> inline T const* get_pointer ( optional<T> const& opt ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline T* get_pointer ( optional<T> & opt ) ; R
+template<class T> inline T* get_pointer ( optional<T> & opt ) ; R
 
-template<class T> inline void swap( optional<T>& x, optional<T>& y ) ; R
+template<class T> inline void swap( optional<T>& x, optional<T>& y ) ; R
 
 } // namespace boost
 
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html
index 0676bf1..96dea0c 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html
@@ -3,17 +3,16 @@
 
 Type requirements
 
-
+
 
 
-
+
 
 
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
    
-
+
@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@
 
 
    
 
    
 
    
       In general, T must be Copy Constructible and
diff --git a/doc/html/index.html b/doc/html/index.html
index 24277e1..c01ec5f 100644
--- a/doc/html/index.html
+++ b/doc/html/index.html
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@
 
 Chapter 1. Boost.Optional
 
-
+
 
 
 
 
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
    
-
+
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
 
    
-
    
+
    
         Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
         file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
       
    
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
 
    
 
    
 
    
 
    
       Consider these functions which should return a value but which might not have
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@
   
    
 
    
 
    
 Boost C++ LibrariesHomeHome
 Libraries
 People
 FAQ
    
-
+
    Last revised: February 12, 2008 at 22:47:14 GMT
    Last revised: March 15, 2008 at 13:58:42 GMT
    		
 
    		
 
    
 
    

From 101bb76c18f9fadee738338f1d57d5cd468460dd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel James 
Date: Wed, 21 May 2008 20:57:05 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 22/23] Add minor documentation fixes to the release branch. (I
 left out the changes to the hash library).

Merged via svnmerge from
https://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/trunk

................
  r44807 | danieljames | 2008-04-27 08:39:49 +0100 (Sun, 27 Apr 2008) | 78 lines

  Merge in documentation fixes.  Apart from the change to optional's documenation
  Jamfile, which I included by mistake.

  I wrote about this at:

  http://lists.boost.org/Archives/boost/2008/04/136405.php

  Merged revisions 44585-44806 via svnmerge from
  https://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/branches/doc

  ........
    r44585 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 16:25:27 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix broken link to vacpp in bjam docs.
  ........
    r44586 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 16:27:36 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix broken link to bcpp in bjam docs.
  ........
    r44587 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 16:33:58 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    DateTime documentation - Fix a link to the serialization library.
  ........
    r44588 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 16:35:36 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix some links in interprocess & intrusive.
  ........
    r44589 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 16:37:39 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix some links in the python docs.
  ........
    r44590 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 16:38:29 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Work around a quickbook bug which is affecting the python docs.
  ........
    r44591 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 16:39:34 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix a broken link in the numeric conversion docs.
  ........
    r44592 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 16:40:45 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix some links in the optional docs.
  ........
    r44593 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 16:42:09 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix link to the hash documentation from bimap.
  ........
    r44599 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 18:07:33 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix a typo in the format library.
  ........
    r44600 | danieljames | 2008-04-19 19:20:59 +0100 (Sat, 19 Apr 2008) | 1 line

    Initialise svnmerge.
  ........
    r44641 | danieljames | 2008-04-20 18:59:47 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix the lincense url in shared container iterator documentation.
  ........
    r44642 | danieljames | 2008-04-20 19:00:00 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix image link in the mpi documentation.
  ........
    r44643 | danieljames | 2008-04-20 19:00:11 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix a typo in the spirit docs.
  ........
    r44644 | danieljames | 2008-04-20 19:00:23 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Escape the slash so that quickbook doesn't think it the start of an italic section, and mess up the link. Refs #1844
  ........
    r44647 | danieljames | 2008-04-20 19:39:47 +0100 (Sun, 20 Apr 2008) | 2 lines

    Fix another typo in spirit docs.
  ........
................
  r45232 | danieljames | 2008-05-08 22:50:19 +0100 (Thu, 08 May 2008) | 1 line

  Fix some invalid xml by replacing ampersands with character entities.
................
  r45576 | danieljames | 2008-05-20 16:39:25 +0100 (Tue, 20 May 2008) | 20 lines

  Merge some small documentation fixes from the doc branch, and mark some
  previously merged changes as merged.

  Merged revisions 44811,45129,45142,45154,45281-45282,45365 via svnmerge from
  https://svn.boost.org/svn/boost/branches/doc

  ........
    r45129 | danieljames | 2008-05-05 12:36:50 +0100 (Mon, 05 May 2008) | 2 lines

    Update navbar links in boostbook.
  ........
    r45282 | danieljames | 2008-05-11 14:15:31 +0100 (Sun, 11 May 2008) | 2 lines

    Group functions in the hash header - requires Frank's free-function-group fix.
    (not included in release branch).
  ........
    r45365 | danieljames | 2008-05-14 21:39:00 +0100 (Wed, 14 May 2008) | 2 lines

    Add boost.root to standalone hash documentation.
    (not included in release branch).
  ........
................


[SVN r45622]
---
 doc/optional.qbk | 2 +-
 index.html       | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/optional.qbk b/doc/optional.qbk
index 7388b5f..5217e49 100644
--- a/doc/optional.qbk
+++ b/doc/optional.qbk
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 [/ Cited Boost resources ]
 
 [def __BOOST_VARIANT__ [@../../../variant/index.html Boost.Variant]]
-[def __BOOST_TRIBOOL__ [@../../../tribool/index.html boost::tribool]]
+[def __BOOST_TRIBOOL__ [@../../../../doc/html/tribool.html boost::tribool]]
 
 [def __OPTIONAL_POINTEE__ [@../../../utility/OptionalPointee.html OptionalPointee]]
 [def __COPY_CONSTRUCTIBLE__ [@../../../utility/CopyConstructible.html Copy Constructible]]
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 3031e05..84b7c93 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 
 
 Automatic redirection failed, please go to
-doc/html/index.html. 
    
+doc/html/index.html. 
    
 
    � Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001
    
 
    Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying 
 file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy 
 at www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
    
 
-
\ No newline at end of file
+

From e68e68276ce6c34abf4f66121a97f1f21f9eff57 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel James 
Date: Fri, 10 Oct 2008 21:35:16 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 23/23] Rebuild the numeric/conversion and optional
 documentation. Which should fix a few links.

[SVN r49259]
---
 .../a_note_about_optional_bool_.html          |  9 +-
 doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html  |  8 +-
 .../dependencies_and_portability.html         |  4 +-
 .../boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html    | 86 +++++++------------
 doc/html/boost_optional/development.html      |  8 +-
 doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html         | 16 ++--
 .../exception_safety_guarantees.html          |  9 +-
 .../boost_optional/implementation_notes.html  |  4 +-
 .../boost_optional/in_place_factories.html    | 22 ++---
 .../boost_optional/optional_references.html   |  4 +-
 ...for_assignment_of_optional_references.html | 21 ++---
 doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html         |  7 +-
 .../boost_optional/type_requirements.html     |  4 +-
 doc/html/index.html                           | 14 ++-
 14 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 131 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html
index 03df952..395e573 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/a_note_about_optional_bool_.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     
    
 
    
       First, it is functionally similar to a tristate boolean (false,maybe,true)
-      —such as boost::tribool—
+      —such as boost::tribool—
       except that in a tristate boolean, the maybe state represents
       a valid value, unlike the corresponding state of an uninitialized
       optional<bool>. It
@@ -49,8 +49,7 @@
       lead to subtle errors due to the implicit bool
       conversion:
     
    
-
    -void foo ( bool v ) ;
+
    void foo ( bool v ) ;
 void bar()
 {
     optional<bool> v = try();
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html
index f0e11c2..49ac7c8 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/acknowledgments.html
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 Acknowledgments
 
 
    
-
+
       Pre-formal
       review
     
    
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
       
 
 
    
-
+
       Post-formal
       review
     
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html
index 0643863..431bfe1 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/dependencies_and_portability.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html
index bc2b7ab..06a6a63 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/detailed_semantics.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@
       space
     
    
 
    
-
+
       optional
       class member functions
     
    
@@ -97,8 +97,7 @@
         called.
       
 
  • 
-Example:
    -optional<T> def ;
+Example:
    optional<T> def ;
 assert ( !def ) ;
 
    
 
    • 
@@ -134,8 +133,7 @@
         The expression boost::none denotes an instance of boost::none_t that can be used as the parameter.
       
 
  • 
-Example:
    -#include <boost/none.hpp>
+Example:
    #include <boost/none.hpp>
 optional<T> n(none) ;
 assert ( !n ) ;
 
    
@@ -180,8 +178,7 @@
         has no effect.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T v;
+Example:
    T v;
 optional<T> opt(v);
 assert ( *opt == v ) ;
 
    
@@ -212,8 +209,7 @@
 Throws: Nothing.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T v;
+Example:
    T v;
 T& vref = v ;
 optional<T&> opt(vref);
 assert ( *opt == v ) ;
@@ -338,8 +334,7 @@
         has no effect.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -optional<T> uninit ;
+Example:
    optional<T> uninit ;
 assert (!uninit);
 
 optional<T> uinit2 ( uninit ) ;
@@ -387,8 +382,7 @@
         will reefer to the same object (they alias).
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -optional<T&> uninit ;
+Example:
    optional<T&> uninit ;
 assert (!uninit);
 
 optional<T&> uinit2 ( uninit ) ;
@@ -454,8 +448,7 @@
         has no effect.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -optional<double> x(123.4);
+Example:
    optional<double> x(123.4);
 assert ( *x == 123.4 ) ;
 
 optional<int> y(x) ;
@@ -515,8 +508,7 @@
         constructor used by the factory; in that case, this constructor has no effect.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -class C { C ( char, double, std::string ) ; } ;
+Example:
    class C { C ( char, double, std::string ) ; } ;
 
 C v('A',123.4,"hello");
 
@@ -574,8 +566,7 @@
         copy constructor fails, *this is left properly uninitialized.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T x;
+Example:
    T x;
 optional<T> def ;
 optional<T> opt(x) ;
 
@@ -617,8 +608,7 @@
         details on this behavior.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -int a = 1 ;
+Example:
    int a = 1 ;
 int b = 2 ;
 T& ra = a ;
 T& rb = b ;
@@ -687,8 +677,7 @@
         copy constructor fails, *this is left properly uninitialized.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T v;
+Example:
    T v;
 optional<T> opt(v);
 optional<T> def ;
 
@@ -725,8 +714,7 @@
         for details on this behavior.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -int a = 1 ;
+Example:
    int a = 1 ;
 int b = 2 ;
 T& ra = a ;
 T& rb = b ;
@@ -800,8 +788,7 @@
         converting constructor fails, *this is left properly uninitialized.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T v;
+Example:
    T v;
 optional<T> opt0(v);
 optional<U> opt1;
 
@@ -930,8 +917,7 @@
         BOOST_ASSERT().
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T v ;
+Example:
    T v ;
 optional<T> opt ( v );
 T const& u = *opt;
 assert ( u == v ) ;
@@ -1005,8 +991,7 @@
 Throws: Nothing.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T v, z ;
+Example:
    T v, z ;
 optional<T> def;
 T const& y = def.get_value_or(z);
 assert ( y == z ) ;
@@ -1099,8 +1084,7 @@
         BOOST_ASSERT().
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T v ;
+Example:
    T v ;
 T& vref = v ;
 optional<T&> opt ( vref );
 T const& vref2 = *opt;
@@ -1173,8 +1157,7 @@
         so you should not hold nor delete this pointer
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T v;
+Example:
    T v;
 optional<T> opt(v);
 optional<T> const copt(v);
 T* p = opt.get_ptr() ;
@@ -1226,8 +1209,7 @@
         BOOST_ASSERT().
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -struct X { int mdata ; } ;
+Example:
    struct X { int mdata ; } ;
 X x ;
 optional<X> opt (x);
 opt->mdata = 2 ;
@@ -1257,8 +1239,7 @@
 Throws: Nothing.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -optional<T> def ;
+Example:
    optional<T> def ;
 assert ( def == 0 );
 optional<T> opt ( v ) ;
 assert ( opt );
@@ -1294,8 +1275,7 @@
         in certain boolean contexts.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -optional<T> opt ;
+Example:
    optional<T> opt ;
 assert ( !opt );
 *opt = some_T ;
 
@@ -1328,8 +1308,7 @@
 Throws: Nothing.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -optional<T> def ;
+Example:
    optional<T> def ;
 assert ( !def.is_initialized() );
 optional<T> opt ( v ) ;
 assert ( opt.is_initialized() );
@@ -1340,7 +1319,7 @@
       space
     
    
 
    
-
+
       Free functions
     
    
 
    
@@ -1364,8 +1343,7 @@
         of v.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -template<class T> void foo ( optional<T> const& opt ) ;
+Example:
    template<class T> void foo ( optional<T> const& opt ) ;
 
 foo ( make_optional(1+1) ) ; // Creates an optional<int>
 
    
@@ -1393,8 +1371,7 @@
         of v.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -optional<double> calculate_foo()
+Example:
    optional<double> calculate_foo()
 {
   double val = compute_foo();
   return make_optional(is_not_nan_and_finite(val),val);
@@ -1441,8 +1418,7 @@
         instead
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T x(12);
+Example:
    T x(12);
 T y(12);
 T z(21);
 optional<T> def0 ;
@@ -1503,8 +1479,7 @@
         instead.
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T x(12);
+Example:
    T x(12);
 T y(34);
 optional<T> def ;
 optional<T> optX(x);
@@ -1674,8 +1649,7 @@
         If only one is initialized, it has the same basic guarantee as optional<T>::reset( T const& ).
       
    • 
 
  • 
-Example:
    -T x(12);
+Example:
    T x(12);
 T y(21);
 optional<T> def0 ;
 optional<T> def1 ;
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html
index ec4a83f..5a14713 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/development.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@
         itself which are supported by a special interface.
       
    
 
    
-
+
         Lexically-hinted
         Value Access in the presence of possibly untitialized optional objects: The
         operators * and ->
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@
         incarnated by pointers.
       
    
 
    
-
+
         Optional<T>
         as a model of OptionalPointee
       
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html
index 0ec372c..20bf2ec 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/examples.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -41,8 +41,7 @@
 Optional
       return values
 
-
    -optional<char> get_async_input()
+
    optional<char> get_async_input()
 {
     if ( !queue.empty() )
         return optional<char>(queue.top());
@@ -63,8 +62,7 @@
 Optional
       local variables
 
-
    -optional<string> name ;
+
    optional<string> name ;
 if ( database.open() )
 {
     name.reset ( database.lookup(employer_name) ) ;
@@ -85,8 +83,7 @@
 Optional
       data members
 
-
    -class figure
+
    class figure
 {
     public:
 
@@ -124,8 +121,7 @@
 Bypassing
       expensive unnecessary default construction
 
-
    -class ExpensiveCtor { ... } ;
+
    class ExpensiveCtor { ... } ;
 class Fred
 {
     Fred() : mLargeVector(10000) {}
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html
index 400c13f..42b6aa0 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/exception_safety_guarantees.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@
       know that optional's assignment
       and reset has the same guarantees.
     
    
-
    -//
+
    //
 // Case 1: Exception thrown during assignment.
 //
 T v0(123);
@@ -113,7 +112,7 @@
 }
 
    
 
    
-
+
       Swap
     
    
 
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html
index 0b8a232..31a2ebe 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/implementation_notes.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html
index 32c5033..45896e5 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/in_place_factories.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@
       but also requires the existence of a fully constructed object, often temporary,
       just to follow the copy from:
     
    
-
    -struct X
+
    struct X
 {
     X ( int, std:::string ) ;
 } ;
@@ -60,8 +59,7 @@
       object right in the container's storage. In this scheme, the user only needs
       to supply the arguments to the constructor to use in the wrapped object construction.
     
    
-
    -class W
+
    class W
 {
     X wrapped_ ;
 
@@ -94,8 +92,7 @@
 
    
       For example, one member of this family looks like:
     
    
-
    -template<class T,class A0, class A1>
+
    template<class T,class A0, class A1>
 class TypedInPlaceFactory2
 {
     A0 m_a0 ; A1 m_a1 ;
@@ -110,8 +107,7 @@
 
    
       A wrapper class aware of this can use it as:
     
    
-
    -class W
+
    class W
 {
     X wrapped_ ;
 
@@ -150,8 +146,7 @@
       This library provides an overloaded set of helper template functions to construct
       these factories without requiring unnecessary template parameters:
     
    
-
    -template<class A0,...,class AN>
+
    template<class A0,...,class AN>
 InPlaceFactoryN <A0,...,AN> in_place ( A0 const& a0, ..., AN const& aN) ;
 
 template<class T,class A0,...,class AN>
@@ -160,8 +155,7 @@
 
    
       In-place factories can be used generically by the wrapper and user as follows:
     
    
-
    -class W
+
    class W
 {
     X wrapped_ ;
 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html
index cacadbd..7ea6a39 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/optional_references.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html
index 71ca93c..3a7df8e 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/rebinding_semantics_for_assignment_of_optional_references.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@
       the effect is to bind (for the first time) to the object. Clearly, there is
       no other choice.
     
    
-
    -int x = 1 ;
+
    int x = 1 ;
 int& rx = x ;
 optional<int&> ora ;
 optional<int&> orb(x) ;
@@ -45,8 +44,7 @@
       If you assign to a bare C++ reference, the assignment is forwarded to the referenced
       object; it's value changes but the reference is never rebound.
     
    
-
    -int a = 1 ;
+
    int a = 1 ;
 int& ra = a ;
 int b = 2 ;
 int& rb = b ;
@@ -60,8 +58,7 @@
       the effect is to rebind to the new object
       instead of assigning the referee. This is unlike bare C++ references.
     
    
-
    -int a = 1 ;
+
    int a = 1 ;
 int b = 2 ;
 int& ra = a ;
 int& rb = b ;
@@ -73,7 +70,7 @@
 assert(b==3); 
 
    
 
    
-
+
       Rationale
     
    
 
    
@@ -93,8 +90,7 @@
       forwarding assignment to the referenced object (thus changing the referenced
       object value but not rebinding), and consider the following code:
     
    
-
    -optional<int&> a = get();
+
    optional<int&> a = get();
 int x = 1 ;
 int& rx = x ;
 optional<int&> b(rx);
@@ -132,8 +128,7 @@
       for the first time is OK while rebinding is not which is IMO very unlikely.
       In such scenario, you can assign the value itself directly, as in:
     
    
-
    -assert(!!opt);
+
    assert(!!opt);
 *opt=value;
 
    
 
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html
index b23556b..2f7aaeb 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/synopsis.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -26,8 +26,7 @@
 
    
-
    -namespace boost {
+
    namespace boost {
 
 template<class T>
 class optional
diff --git a/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html b/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html
index 96dea0c..308453e 100644
--- a/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html
+++ b/doc/html/boost_optional/type_requirements.html
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
diff --git a/doc/html/index.html b/doc/html/index.html
index c01ec5f..dbe7199 100644
--- a/doc/html/index.html
+++ b/doc/html/index.html
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@
 Boost C++ Libraries
 Home
 Libraries
-People
-FAQ
+People
+FAQ
 More
 
 
    
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 
 
    Copyright © 2003 -2007 Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal
    
 
    
-
    
+
    
         Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
         file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
       
    
@@ -142,16 +142,14 @@
       the function would conceptually return. For example, the last two functions
       could have the following interface:
     
    
-
    -std::pair<char,bool> get_async_input();
+
    std::pair<char,bool> get_async_input();
 std::pair<point,bool> polygon::get_any_point_effectively_inside();
 
    
 
    
       These functions use a consistent interface for dealing with possibly inexistent
       results:
     
    
-
    -std::pair<point,bool> p = poly.get_any_point_effectively_inside();
+
    std::pair<point,bool> p = poly.get_any_point_effectively_inside();
 if ( p.second )
     flood_fill(p.first);
 
    
@@ -174,7 +172,7 @@
   
    
 
    
 
-
+
    Last revised: March 15, 2008 at 13:58:42 GMT
    Last revised: October 10, 2008 at 20:53:37 GMT