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<html>
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</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
Class template <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">optional</span></code> is
a wrapper for representing 'optional' (or 'nullable') objects who may not (yet)
contain a valid value. Optional objects offer full value semantics; they are
good for passing by value and usage inside STL containers. This is a header-only
library.
</p>
<h4>
<a name="optional.introduction.h0"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="optional.introduction.problem"></a></span><a class="link" href="introduction.html#optional.introduction.problem">Problem</a>
</h4>
<p>
Suppose we want to read a parameter form a config file which represents some
integral value, let's call it <code class="computeroutput"><span class="string">"MaxValue"</span></code>.
It is possible that this parameter is not specified; such situation is no error.
It is valid to not specify the parameter and in that case the program is supposed
to behave slightly different. Also suppose that any possible value of type
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code> is a valid value for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="string">"MaxValue"</span></code>, so we cannot jut use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">-</span><span class="number">1</span></code> to represent
the absence of the parameter in the config file.
</p>
<h4>
<a name="optional.introduction.h1"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="optional.introduction.solution"></a></span><a class="link" href="introduction.html#optional.introduction.solution">Solution</a>
</h4>
<p>
This is how you solve it with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span></code>:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">getConfigParam</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// return either an int or a `not-an-int`</span>
<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">oi</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">getConfigParam</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"MaxValue"</span><span class="special">))</span> <span class="comment">// did I get a real int?</span>
<span class="identifier">runWithMax</span><span class="special">(*</span><span class="identifier">oi</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// use my int</span>
<span class="keyword">else</span>
<span class="identifier">runWithNoMax</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
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Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
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<p>
Suppose we want to read a parameter form a config file which represents some
integral value, let's call it <code class="computeroutput"><span class="string">"MaxValue"</span></code>.
It is possible that this parameter is not specified; such situation is no
error. It is valid to not specify the parameter and in that case the program
is supposed to behave slightly different. Also suppose that any possible
value of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code> is a valid
value for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="string">"MaxValue"</span></code>,
so we cannot jut use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">-</span><span class="number">1</span></code>
to represent the absence of the parameter in the config file.
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<p>
This is how you solve it with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span></code>:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">getConfigParam</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">name</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// return either an int or a `not-an-int`</span>
<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">()</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">oi</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">getConfigParam</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"MaxValue"</span><span class="special">))</span> <span class="comment">// did I get a real int?</span>
<span class="identifier">runWithMax</span><span class="special">(*</span><span class="identifier">oi</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// use my int</span>
<span class="keyword">else</span>
<span class="identifier">runWithNoMax</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
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