forked from boostorg/regex
Added new docs,
Moved source more into line with the std lib proposal. [SVN r18292]
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Boost.Regex: FAQ</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../boost.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<P>
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<TABLE id="Table1" cellSpacing="1" cellPadding="1" width="100%" border="0">
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<TR>
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<td valign="top" width="300">
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<h3><a href="../../../index.htm"><img height="86" width="277" alt="C++ Boost" src="../../../c++boost.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
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</td>
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<TD width="353">
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<H1 align="center">Boost.Regex</H1>
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<H2 align="center">FAQ</H2>
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</TD>
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<td width="50">
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<h3><a href="index.html"><img height="45" width="43" alt="Boost.Regex Index" src="uarrow.gif" border="0"></a></h3>
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</td>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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</P>
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<HR>
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<p></p>
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<FONT color="#ff0000"><FONT color="#ff0000">
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<P><FONT color="#ff0000"> Q. Why can't I use the "convenience" versions of
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regex_match / regex_search / regex_grep / regex_format / regex_merge?</FONT>
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</P>
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</FONT></FONT>
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<P>A. These versions may or may not be available depending upon the capabilities
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of your compiler, the rules determining the format of these functions are quite
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complex - and only the versions visible to a standard compliant compiler are
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given in the help. To find out what your compiler supports, run
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<boost/regex.hpp> through your C++ pre-processor, and search the output
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file for the function that you are interested in.<FONT color="#ff0000"><FONT color="#ff0000">
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</P>
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<P>Q. I can't get regex++ to work with escape characters, what's going on?</FONT>
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</P>
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</FONT>
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<P>A. If you embed regular expressions in C++ code, then remember that escape
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characters are processed twice: once by the C++ compiler, and once by the
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regex++ expression compiler, so to pass the regular expression \d+ to regex++,
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you need to embed "\\d+" in your code. Likewise to match a literal backslash
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you will need to embed "\\\\" in your code.<FONT color="#ff0000">
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</P>
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<P>Q. Why does using parenthesis in a POSIX regular expression change the result
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of a match?</FONT></P>
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<P>For POSIX (extended and basic) regular expressions, but not for perl regexes,
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parentheses don't only mark; they determine what the best match is as well.
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When the expression is compiled as a POSIX basic or extended regex then
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Boost.regex follows the POSIX standard leftmost longest rule for determining
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what matched. So if there is more than one possible match after considering the
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whole expression, it looks next at the first sub-expression and then the second
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sub-expression and so on. So...</P>
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<PRE>"(0*)([0-9]*)" against "00123" would produce
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$1 = "00"
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$2 = "123"</PRE>
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<P>where as</P>
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<PRE>"0*([0-9)*" against "00123" would produce
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$1 = "00123"</PRE>
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<P>If you think about it, had $1 only matched the "123", this would be "less good"
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than the match "00123" which is both further to the left and longer. If you
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want $1 to match only the "123" part, then you need to use something like:</P>
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<PRE>"0*([1-9][0-9]*)"</PRE>
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<P>as the expression.</P>
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<P><FONT color="#ff0000">Q. Why don't character ranges work properly (POSIX mode
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only)?</FONT>
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<BR>
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A. The POSIX standard specifies that character range expressions are locale
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sensitive - so for example the expression [A-Z] will match any collating
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element that collates between 'A' and 'Z'. That means that for most locales
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other than "C" or "POSIX", [A-Z] would match the single character 't' for
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example, which is not what most people expect - or at least not what most
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people have come to expect from regular expression engines. For this reason,
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the default behaviour of boost.regex (perl mode) is to turn locale sensitive
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collation off by not setting the regex_constants::collate compile time flag.
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However if you set a non-default compile time flag - for example
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regex_constants::extended or regex_constants::basic, then locale dependent
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collation will be enabled, this also applies to the POSIX API functions which
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use either regex_constants::extended or regex_constants::basic internally. <I>[Note
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- when regex_constants::nocollate in effect, the library behaves "as if" the
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LC_COLLATE locale category were always "C", regardless of what its actually set
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to - end note</I>].
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</P>
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<P><FONT color="#ff0000">Q. Why are there no throw specifications on any of the
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functions? What exceptions can the library throw?</FONT>
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</P>
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<P>
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A. Not all compilers support (or honor) throw specifications, others support
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them but with reduced efficiency. Throw specifications may be added at a later
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date as compilers begin to handle this better. The library should throw only
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three types of exception: boost::bad_expression can be thrown by basic_regex
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when compiling a regular expression, std::runtime_error can be thrown when a
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call to basic_regex::imbue tries to open a message catalogue that doesn't
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exist, or when a call to regex_search or regex_match results in an
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"everlasting" search, or when a call to RegEx::GrepFiles or
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RegEx::FindFiles tries to open a file that cannot be opened, finally
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std::bad_alloc can be thrown by just about any of the functions in this
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library.
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<P>
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<HR>
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<P></P>
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<p>Revised
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<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->
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11 April 2003
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<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" -->
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</p>
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<P><I>© Copyright <a href="mailto:jm@regex.fsnet.co.uk">John Maddock</a> 1998-<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%Y" startspan --> 2003<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39359" --></I></P>
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<P align="left"><I>Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
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and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided
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that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that
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copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation.
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Dr John Maddock makes no representations about the suitability of this software
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for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.</I></P>
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</body>
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</html>
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