dolphin/Source/Core/VideoBackends/D3D12/D3DBase.cpp

// Copyright 2010 Dolphin Emulator Project
// Licensed under GPLv2+
// Refer to the license.txt file included.

#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>

#include "Common/CommonTypes.h"
#include "Common/Logging/Log.h"
#include "Common/MsgHandler.h"
#include "Common/StringUtil.h"
#include "VideoBackends/D3D12/D3DBase.h"
#include "VideoBackends/D3D12/D3DCommandListManager.h"
#include "VideoBackends/D3D12/D3DDescriptorHeapManager.h"
#include "VideoBackends/D3D12/D3DState.h"
#include "VideoBackends/D3D12/D3DTexture.h"
#include "VideoCommon/OnScreenDisplay.h"
#include "VideoCommon/VideoConfig.h"

static const unsigned int SWAP_CHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT = 4;

namespace DX12
{
// d3dcompiler_*.dll exports
static HINSTANCE s_d3d_compiler_dll = nullptr;
static int s_d3d_compiler_dll_ref = 0;
D3DREFLECT d3d_reflect = nullptr;
D3DCREATEBLOB d3d_create_blob = nullptr;
pD3DCompile d3d_compile = nullptr;

// dxgi.dll exports
static HINSTANCE s_dxgi_dll = nullptr;
static int s_dxgi_dll_ref = 0;
CREATEDXGIFACTORY create_dxgi_factory = nullptr;

// d3d12.dll exports
static HINSTANCE s_d3d12_dll = nullptr;
static int s_d3d12_dll_ref = 0;
D3D12CREATEDEVICE d3d12_create_device = nullptr;
D3D12SERIALIZEROOTSIGNATURE d3d12_serialize_root_signature = nullptr;
D3D12GETDEBUGINTERFACE d3d12_get_debug_interface = nullptr;

namespace D3D
{
// Begin extern'd variables.
ID3D12Device* device12 = nullptr;

ID3D12CommandQueue* command_queue = nullptr;
std::unique_ptr<D3DCommandListManager> command_list_mgr;
ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* current_command_list = nullptr;
ID3D12RootSignature* default_root_signature = nullptr;

D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE null_srv_cpu = {};
D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE null_srv_cpu_shadow = {};

unsigned int resource_descriptor_size = 0;
unsigned int sampler_descriptor_size = 0;
std::unique_ptr<D3DDescriptorHeapManager> gpu_descriptor_heap_mgr;
std::unique_ptr<D3DDescriptorHeapManager> sampler_descriptor_heap_mgr;
std::unique_ptr<D3DDescriptorHeapManager> dsv_descriptor_heap_mgr;
std::unique_ptr<D3DDescriptorHeapManager> rtv_descriptor_heap_mgr;
std::array<ID3D12DescriptorHeap*, 2> gpu_descriptor_heaps;

HWND hWnd;
// End extern'd variables.

static IDXGISwapChain* s_swap_chain = nullptr;
static unsigned int s_monitor_refresh_rate = 0;

static LARGE_INTEGER s_qpc_frequency;

static ID3D12DebugDevice* s_debug_device12 = nullptr;

static D3DTexture2D* s_backbuf[SWAP_CHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT];
static unsigned int s_current_back_buf = 0;
static unsigned int s_xres = 0;
static unsigned int s_yres = 0;
static bool s_frame_in_progress = false;

HRESULT LoadDXGI()
{
  if (s_dxgi_dll_ref++ > 0)
    return S_OK;

  if (s_dxgi_dll)
    return S_OK;

  s_dxgi_dll = LoadLibraryA("dxgi.dll");
  if (!s_dxgi_dll)
  {
    MessageBoxA(nullptr, "Failed to load dxgi.dll", "Critical error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
    --s_dxgi_dll_ref;
    return E_FAIL;
  }
  create_dxgi_factory = (CREATEDXGIFACTORY)GetProcAddress(s_dxgi_dll, "CreateDXGIFactory");

  if (create_dxgi_factory == nullptr)
    MessageBoxA(nullptr, "GetProcAddress failed for CreateDXGIFactory!", "Critical error",
                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);

  return S_OK;
}

HRESULT LoadD3D()
{
  if (s_d3d12_dll_ref++ > 0)
    return S_OK;

  s_d3d12_dll = LoadLibraryA("d3d12.dll");
  if (!s_d3d12_dll)
  {
    MessageBoxA(nullptr, "Failed to load d3d12.dll", "Critical error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
    --s_d3d12_dll_ref;
    return E_FAIL;
  }

  d3d12_create_device = (D3D12CREATEDEVICE)GetProcAddress(s_d3d12_dll, "D3D12CreateDevice");
  if (d3d12_create_device == nullptr)
  {
    MessageBoxA(nullptr, "GetProcAddress failed for D3D12CreateDevice!", "Critical error",
                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
    return E_FAIL;
  }

  d3d12_serialize_root_signature =
      (D3D12SERIALIZEROOTSIGNATURE)GetProcAddress(s_d3d12_dll, "D3D12SerializeRootSignature");
  if (d3d12_serialize_root_signature == nullptr)
  {
    MessageBoxA(nullptr, "GetProcAddress failed for D3D12SerializeRootSignature!", "Critical error",
                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
    return E_FAIL;
  }

  d3d12_get_debug_interface =
      (D3D12GETDEBUGINTERFACE)GetProcAddress(s_d3d12_dll, "D3D12GetDebugInterface");
  if (d3d12_get_debug_interface == nullptr)
  {
    MessageBoxA(nullptr, "GetProcAddress failed for D3D12GetDebugInterface!", "Critical error",
                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
    return E_FAIL;
  }

  return S_OK;
}

HRESULT LoadD3DCompiler()
{
  if (s_d3d_compiler_dll_ref++ > 0)
    return S_OK;

  if (s_d3d_compiler_dll)
    return S_OK;

  // try to load D3DCompiler first to check whether we have proper runtime support
  // try to use the dll the backend was compiled against first - don't bother about debug runtimes
  s_d3d_compiler_dll = LoadLibraryA(D3DCOMPILER_DLL_A);
  if (!s_d3d_compiler_dll)
  {
    // if that fails, use the dll which should be available in every SDK which officially supports
    // DX12.
    s_d3d_compiler_dll = LoadLibraryA("D3DCompiler_42.dll");
    if (!s_d3d_compiler_dll)
    {
      MessageBoxA(nullptr, "Failed to load D3DCompiler_42.dll, update your DX12 runtime, please",
                  "Critical error", MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
      return E_FAIL;
    }
    else
    {
      NOTICE_LOG(VIDEO, "Successfully loaded D3DCompiler_42.dll. If you're having trouble, try "
                        "updating your DX runtime first.");
    }
  }

  d3d_reflect = (D3DREFLECT)GetProcAddress(s_d3d_compiler_dll, "D3DReflect");
  if (d3d_reflect == nullptr)
    MessageBoxA(nullptr, "GetProcAddress failed for D3DReflect!", "Critical error",
                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);

  d3d_create_blob = (D3DCREATEBLOB)GetProcAddress(s_d3d_compiler_dll, "D3DCreateBlob");
  if (d3d_create_blob == nullptr)
    MessageBoxA(nullptr, "GetProcAddress failed for D3DCreateBlob!", "Critical error",
                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);

  d3d_compile = (pD3DCompile)GetProcAddress(s_d3d_compiler_dll, "D3DCompile");
  if (d3d_compile == nullptr)
    MessageBoxA(nullptr, "GetProcAddress failed for D3DCompile!", "Critical error",
                MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);

  return S_OK;
}

void UnloadDXGI()
{
  if (!s_dxgi_dll_ref)
    return;

  if (--s_dxgi_dll_ref != 0)
    return;

  if (s_dxgi_dll)
    FreeLibrary(s_dxgi_dll);

  s_dxgi_dll = nullptr;
  create_dxgi_factory = nullptr;
}

void UnloadD3D()
{
  if (!s_d3d12_dll_ref)
    return;

  if (--s_d3d12_dll_ref != 0)
    return;

  if (s_d3d12_dll)
    FreeLibrary(s_d3d12_dll);

  s_d3d12_dll = nullptr;
  d3d12_create_device = nullptr;
  d3d12_serialize_root_signature = nullptr;
}

void UnloadD3DCompiler()
{
  if (!s_d3d_compiler_dll_ref)
    return;

  if (--s_d3d_compiler_dll_ref != 0)
    return;

  if (s_d3d_compiler_dll)
    FreeLibrary(s_d3d_compiler_dll);

  s_d3d_compiler_dll = nullptr;
  d3d_compile = nullptr;
  d3d_create_blob = nullptr;
  d3d_reflect = nullptr;
}

std::vector<DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC> EnumAAModes(ID3D12Device* device)
{
  std::vector<DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC> aa_modes;

  for (int samples = 0; samples < D3D12_MAX_MULTISAMPLE_SAMPLE_COUNT; ++samples)
  {
    D3D12_FEATURE_DATA_MULTISAMPLE_QUALITY_LEVELS multisample_quality_levels = {};
    multisample_quality_levels.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    multisample_quality_levels.SampleCount = samples;

    device->CheckFeatureSupport(D3D12_FEATURE_MULTISAMPLE_QUALITY_LEVELS,
                                &multisample_quality_levels, sizeof(multisample_quality_levels));

    DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC desc;
    desc.Count = samples;
    desc.Quality = 0;

    if (multisample_quality_levels.NumQualityLevels > 0)
      aa_modes.push_back(desc);
  }

  return aa_modes;
}

HRESULT Create(HWND wnd)
{
  hWnd = wnd;
  HRESULT hr;

  RECT client;
  GetClientRect(hWnd, &client);
  s_xres = client.right - client.left;
  s_yres = client.bottom - client.top;

  hr = LoadDXGI();
  if (FAILED(hr))
    return hr;

  hr = LoadD3D();
  if (FAILED(hr))
  {
    UnloadDXGI();
    return hr;
  }

  hr = LoadD3DCompiler();
  if (FAILED(hr))
  {
    UnloadD3D();
    UnloadDXGI();
    return hr;
  }

  IDXGIFactory* factory;
  IDXGIAdapter* adapter;
  hr = create_dxgi_factory(__uuidof(IDXGIFactory), (void**)&factory);
  if (FAILED(hr))
  {
    MessageBox(wnd, _T("Failed to create IDXGIFactory object"), _T("Dolphin Direct3D 12 backend"),
               MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
    UnloadD3DCompiler();
    UnloadD3D();
    UnloadDXGI();
    return hr;
  }

  hr = factory->EnumAdapters(g_ActiveConfig.iAdapter, &adapter);
  if (FAILED(hr))
  {
    // try using the first one
    hr = factory->EnumAdapters(0, &adapter);
    if (FAILED(hr))
    {
      MessageBox(wnd, _T("Failed to enumerate adapters"), _T("Dolphin Direct3D 12 backend"),
                 MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
      UnloadD3DCompiler();
      UnloadD3D();
      UnloadDXGI();
      return hr;
    }
  }

  DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC swap_chain_desc = {};
  swap_chain_desc.BufferCount = SWAP_CHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT;
  swap_chain_desc.BufferUsage = DXGI_USAGE_RENDER_TARGET_OUTPUT;
  swap_chain_desc.OutputWindow = wnd;
  swap_chain_desc.SampleDesc.Count = 1;
  swap_chain_desc.SampleDesc.Quality = 0;
  swap_chain_desc.Windowed = true;
  swap_chain_desc.SwapEffect = DXGI_SWAP_EFFECT_FLIP_SEQUENTIAL;
  swap_chain_desc.Flags = 0;

  swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Width = s_xres;
  swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Height = s_yres;
  swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
  swap_chain_desc.BufferDesc.Scaling = DXGI_MODE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;

#if defined(_DEBUG) || defined(DEBUGFAST) || defined(USE_D3D12_DEBUG_LAYER)
  // Enabling the debug layer will fail if the Graphics Tools feature is not installed.
  ID3D12Debug* debug_controller;
  hr = d3d12_get_debug_interface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&debug_controller));
  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
  {
    debug_controller->EnableDebugLayer();
    debug_controller->Release();
  }
  else
  {
    MessageBox(wnd, _T("WARNING: Failed to enable D3D12 debug layer, please ensure the Graphics ")
                    _T("Tools feature is installed."),
               _T("Dolphin Direct3D 12 backend"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
  }

#endif

  hr = d3d12_create_device(adapter, D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&device12));
  if (FAILED(hr))
  {
    MessageBox(wnd, _T("Failed to initialize Direct3D.\nMake sure your video card supports ")
                    _T("Direct3D 12 and your drivers are up-to-date."),
               _T("Dolphin Direct3D 12 backend"), MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);
    adapter->Release();
    UnloadD3DCompiler();
    UnloadD3D();
    UnloadDXGI();
    return hr;
  }

  // Ensure that the chosen AA mode is supported by the device.
  std::vector<DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC> aa_modes = EnumAAModes(device12);
  if (std::find_if(aa_modes.begin(), aa_modes.end(), [](const DXGI_SAMPLE_DESC& desc) {
        return desc.Count == g_Config.iMultisamples;
      }) == aa_modes.end())
  {
    g_Config.iMultisamples = 1;
    UpdateActiveConfig();
  }

  D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_DESC command_queue_desc = {
      D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT,  // D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE Type;
      0,                               // INT Priority;
      D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_FLAG_NONE,   // D3D12_COMMAND_QUEUE_FLAG Flags;
      0                                // UINT NodeMask;
  };

  CheckHR(device12->CreateCommandQueue(&command_queue_desc, IID_PPV_ARGS(&command_queue)));

  CheckHR(factory->CreateSwapChain(command_queue, &swap_chain_desc, &s_swap_chain));

  s_current_back_buf = 0;

  // Query the monitor refresh rate, to ensure proper Present throttling behavior.
  DEVMODE dev_mode;
  memset(&dev_mode, 0, sizeof(DEVMODE));
  dev_mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE);
  dev_mode.dmDriverExtra = 0;

  if (EnumDisplaySettings(NULL, ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, &dev_mode) == 0)
  {
    // If EnumDisplaySettings fails, assume monitor refresh rate of 60 Hz.
    s_monitor_refresh_rate = 60;
  }
  else
  {
    s_monitor_refresh_rate = dev_mode.dmDisplayFrequency;
  }

  ID3D12InfoQueue* info_queue = nullptr;
  if (SUCCEEDED(device12->QueryInterface(&info_queue)))
  {
    CheckHR(info_queue->SetBreakOnSeverity(D3D12_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR, TRUE));
    CheckHR(info_queue->SetBreakOnSeverity(D3D12_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING, TRUE));

    D3D12_INFO_QUEUE_FILTER filter = {};
    D3D12_MESSAGE_ID id_list[] = {
        D3D12_MESSAGE_ID_CREATEGRAPHICSPIPELINESTATE_DEPTHSTENCILVIEW_NOT_SET,  // Benign.
        D3D12_MESSAGE_ID_CREATEGRAPHICSPIPELINESTATE_RENDERTARGETVIEW_NOT_SET,  // Benign.
        D3D12_MESSAGE_ID_CREATEINPUTLAYOUT_TYPE_MISMATCH                        // Benign.
    };
    filter.DenyList.NumIDs = ARRAYSIZE(id_list);
    filter.DenyList.pIDList = id_list;
    info_queue->PushStorageFilter(&filter);

    info_queue->Release();

    // Used at Close time to report live objects.
    CheckHR(device12->QueryInterface(&s_debug_device12));
  }

  // prevent DXGI from responding to Alt+Enter, unfortunately DXGI_MWA_NO_ALT_ENTER
  // does not work so we disable all monitoring of window messages. However this
  // may make it more difficult for DXGI to handle display mode changes.
  hr = factory->MakeWindowAssociation(wnd, DXGI_MWA_NO_WINDOW_CHANGES);
  if (FAILED(hr))
    MessageBox(wnd, _T("Failed to associate the window"), _T("Dolphin Direct3D 12 backend"),
               MB_OK | MB_ICONERROR);

  CreateDescriptorHeaps();
  CreateRootSignatures();

  command_list_mgr = std::make_unique<D3DCommandListManager>(D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_DIRECT,
                                                             device12, command_queue);

  command_list_mgr->GetCommandList(&current_command_list);
  command_list_mgr->SetInitialCommandListState();

  for (UINT i = 0; i < SWAP_CHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT; i++)
  {
    ID3D12Resource* buf12 = nullptr;
    hr = s_swap_chain->GetBuffer(i, IID_PPV_ARGS(&buf12));

    CHECK(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Retrieve back buffer texture");

    s_backbuf[i] =
        new D3DTexture2D(buf12, TEXTURE_BIND_FLAG_RENDER_TARGET, DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
                         DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, false,
                         D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT  // Swap Chain back buffers start out in
                                                       // D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT.
                         );

    SAFE_RELEASE(buf12);
    SetDebugObjectName12(s_backbuf[i]->GetTex12(), "backbuffer texture");
  }

  s_backbuf[s_current_back_buf]->TransitionToResourceState(current_command_list,
                                                           D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET);
  current_command_list->OMSetRenderTargets(1, &s_backbuf[s_current_back_buf]->GetRTV12(), FALSE,
                                           nullptr);

  QueryPerformanceFrequency(&s_qpc_frequency);

  // Render the device name.
  DXGI_ADAPTER_DESC adapter_desc;
  CheckHR(adapter->GetDesc(&adapter_desc));
  OSD::AddMessage(
      StringFromFormat("Using D3D Adapter: %s.", UTF16ToUTF8(adapter_desc.Description).c_str()));

  SAFE_RELEASE(factory);
  SAFE_RELEASE(adapter);

  return S_OK;
}

void CreateDescriptorHeaps()
{
  // Create D3D12 GPU and CPU descriptor heaps.

  {
    D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC gpu_descriptor_heap_desc = {};
    gpu_descriptor_heap_desc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_SHADER_VISIBLE;
    gpu_descriptor_heap_desc.NumDescriptors = 500000;
    gpu_descriptor_heap_desc.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV;

    gpu_descriptor_heap_mgr =
        std::make_unique<D3DDescriptorHeapManager>(&gpu_descriptor_heap_desc, device12, 50000);

    gpu_descriptor_heaps[0] = gpu_descriptor_heap_mgr->GetDescriptorHeap();

    D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE descriptor_heap_cpu_base =
        gpu_descriptor_heap_mgr->GetDescriptorHeap()->GetCPUDescriptorHandleForHeapStart();

    resource_descriptor_size =
        device12->GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_CBV_SRV_UAV);
    sampler_descriptor_size =
        device12->GetDescriptorHandleIncrementSize(D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_SAMPLER);

    D3D12_GPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE null_srv_gpu = {};
    gpu_descriptor_heap_mgr->Allocate(&null_srv_cpu, &null_srv_gpu, &null_srv_cpu_shadow);

    D3D12_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC null_srv_desc = {};
    null_srv_desc.Format = DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
    null_srv_desc.ViewDimension = D3D12_SRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D;
    null_srv_desc.Shader4ComponentMapping = D3D12_DEFAULT_SHADER_4_COMPONENT_MAPPING;

    device12->CreateShaderResourceView(NULL, &null_srv_desc, null_srv_cpu);

    for (UINT i = 0; i < 500000; i++)
    {
      // D3D12TODO: Make paving of descriptor heap optional.

      D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE destination_descriptor = {};
      destination_descriptor.ptr = descriptor_heap_cpu_base.ptr + i * resource_descriptor_size;

      device12->CreateShaderResourceView(NULL, &null_srv_desc, destination_descriptor);
    }
  }

  {
    D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC sampler_descriptor_heap_desc = {};
    sampler_descriptor_heap_desc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_SHADER_VISIBLE;
    sampler_descriptor_heap_desc.NumDescriptors = 2000;
    sampler_descriptor_heap_desc.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_SAMPLER;

    sampler_descriptor_heap_mgr =
        std::make_unique<D3DDescriptorHeapManager>(&sampler_descriptor_heap_desc, device12);

    gpu_descriptor_heaps[1] = sampler_descriptor_heap_mgr->GetDescriptorHeap();
  }

  {
    D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC dsv_descriptor_heap_desc = {};
    dsv_descriptor_heap_desc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_NONE;
    dsv_descriptor_heap_desc.NumDescriptors = 2000;
    dsv_descriptor_heap_desc.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_DSV;

    dsv_descriptor_heap_mgr =
        std::make_unique<D3DDescriptorHeapManager>(&dsv_descriptor_heap_desc, device12);
  }

  {
    // D3D12TODO: Temporary workaround.. really need to properly suballocate out of render target
    // heap.
    D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_DESC rtv_descriptor_heap_desc = {};
    rtv_descriptor_heap_desc.Flags = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_FLAG_NONE;
    rtv_descriptor_heap_desc.NumDescriptors = 1000000;
    rtv_descriptor_heap_desc.Type = D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP_TYPE_RTV;

    rtv_descriptor_heap_mgr =
        std::make_unique<D3DDescriptorHeapManager>(&rtv_descriptor_heap_desc, device12);
  }
}

void CreateRootSignatures()
{
  D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE desc_range_srv = {
      D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SRV,      // D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE RangeType;
      8,                                    // UINT NumDescriptors;
      0,                                    // UINT BaseShaderRegister;
      0,                                    // UINT RegisterSpace;
      D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND  // UINT OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart;
  };

  D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE desc_range_sampler = {
      D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_SAMPLER,  // D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE RangeType;
      8,                                    // UINT NumDescriptors;
      0,                                    // UINT BaseShaderRegister;
      0,                                    // UINT RegisterSpace;
      D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND  // UINT OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart;
  };

  D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE desc_range_uav = {
      D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE_UAV,      // D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_TYPE RangeType;
      1,                                    // UINT NumDescriptors;
      2,                                    // UINT BaseShaderRegister;
      0,                                    // UINT RegisterSpace;
      D3D12_DESCRIPTOR_RANGE_OFFSET_APPEND  // UINT OffsetInDescriptorsFromTableStart;
  };

  D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER root_parameters[NUM_GRAPHICS_ROOT_PARAMETERS];

  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_SRV].ParameterType =
      D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_SRV].DescriptorTable.NumDescriptorRanges = 1;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_SRV].DescriptorTable.pDescriptorRanges = &desc_range_srv;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_SRV].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL;

  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_SAMPLER].ParameterType =
      D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_SAMPLER].DescriptorTable.NumDescriptorRanges = 1;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_SAMPLER].DescriptorTable.pDescriptorRanges =
      &desc_range_sampler;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_SAMPLER].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL;

  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_GS_CBV].ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_CBV;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_GS_CBV].Descriptor.RegisterSpace = 0;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_GS_CBV].Descriptor.ShaderRegister = 0;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_GS_CBV].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_GEOMETRY;

  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_VS_CBV].ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_CBV;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_VS_CBV].Descriptor.RegisterSpace = 0;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_VS_CBV].Descriptor.ShaderRegister = 0;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_VS_CBV].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_VERTEX;

  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_CBVONE].ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_CBV;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_CBVONE].Descriptor.RegisterSpace = 0;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_CBVONE].Descriptor.ShaderRegister = 0;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_CBVONE].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL;

  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_CBVTWO].ParameterType = D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_CBV;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_CBVTWO].Descriptor.RegisterSpace = 0;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_CBVTWO].Descriptor.ShaderRegister = 1;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_CBVTWO].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL;

  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_UAV].ParameterType =
      D3D12_ROOT_PARAMETER_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_TABLE;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_UAV].DescriptorTable.NumDescriptorRanges = 1;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_UAV].DescriptorTable.pDescriptorRanges = &desc_range_uav;
  root_parameters[DESCRIPTOR_TABLE_PS_UAV].ShaderVisibility = D3D12_SHADER_VISIBILITY_PIXEL;

  D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_DESC root_signature_desc = {};
  root_signature_desc.pParameters = root_parameters;
  root_signature_desc.Flags = D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_ALLOW_INPUT_ASSEMBLER_INPUT_LAYOUT |
                              D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_DOMAIN_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS |
                              D3D12_ROOT_SIGNATURE_FLAG_DENY_HULL_SHADER_ROOT_ACCESS;

  root_signature_desc.NumParameters = ARRAYSIZE(root_parameters);

  ID3DBlob* text_root_signature_blob;
  ID3DBlob* text_root_signature_error_blob;

  CheckHR(d3d12_serialize_root_signature(&root_signature_desc, D3D_ROOT_SIGNATURE_VERSION_1,
                                         &text_root_signature_blob,
                                         &text_root_signature_error_blob));

  CheckHR(D3D::device12->CreateRootSignature(0, text_root_signature_blob->GetBufferPointer(),
                                             text_root_signature_blob->GetBufferSize(),
                                             IID_PPV_ARGS(&default_root_signature)));
}

void WaitForOutstandingRenderingToComplete()
{
  command_list_mgr->ExecuteQueuedWork(true);
}

void Close()
{
  // we can't release the swapchain while in fullscreen.
  s_swap_chain->SetFullscreenState(false, nullptr);

  // Release all back buffer references
  for (UINT i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE(s_backbuf); i++)
  {
    SAFE_RELEASE(s_backbuf[i]);
  }

  D3D::CleanupPersistentD3DTextureResources();

  SAFE_RELEASE(s_swap_chain);

  command_list_mgr.reset();
  command_queue->Release();

  default_root_signature->Release();

  gpu_descriptor_heap_mgr.reset();
  sampler_descriptor_heap_mgr.reset();
  rtv_descriptor_heap_mgr.reset();
  dsv_descriptor_heap_mgr.reset();

  ULONG remaining_references = device12->Release();
  if ((!s_debug_device12 && remaining_references) || (s_debug_device12 && remaining_references > 1))
  {
    ERROR_LOG(VIDEO, "Unreleased D3D12 references: %i.", remaining_references);
  }
  else
  {
    NOTICE_LOG(VIDEO, "Successfully released all D3D12 device references!");
  }

#if defined(_DEBUG) || defined(DEBUGFAST)
  if (s_debug_device12)
  {
    --remaining_references;  // the debug interface increases the refcount of the device, subtract
                             // that.
    if (remaining_references)
    {
      // print out alive objects, but only if we actually have pending references
      // note this will also print out internal live objects to the debug console
      s_debug_device12->ReportLiveDeviceObjects(D3D12_RLDO_DETAIL);
    }
    SAFE_RELEASE(s_debug_device12);
  }
#endif

  device12 = nullptr;
  current_command_list = nullptr;

  // unload DLLs
  UnloadD3DCompiler();
  UnloadD3D();
  UnloadDXGI();
}

const std::string VertexShaderVersionString()
{
  return "vs_5_0";
}

const std::string GeometryShaderVersionString()
{
  return "gs_5_0";
}

const std::string PixelShaderVersionString()
{
  return "ps_5_0";
}

D3DTexture2D*& GetBackBuffer()
{
  return s_backbuf[s_current_back_buf];
}

unsigned int GetBackBufferWidth()
{
  return s_xres;
}

unsigned int GetBackBufferHeight()
{
  return s_yres;
}

// Returns the maximum width/height of a texture.
unsigned int GetMaxTextureSize()
{
  return D3D12_REQ_TEXTURE2D_U_OR_V_DIMENSION;
}

void Reset()
{
  // release all back buffer references
  for (UINT i = 0; i < ARRAYSIZE(s_backbuf); i++)
  {
    SAFE_RELEASE(s_backbuf[i]);
  }

  // Block until all commands have finished.
  // This will also final-release all pending resources (including the backbuffer above)
  command_list_mgr->ExecuteQueuedWork(true);

  // resize swapchain buffers
  RECT client;
  GetClientRect(hWnd, &client);
  s_xres = client.right - client.left;
  s_yres = client.bottom - client.top;

  CheckHR(s_swap_chain->ResizeBuffers(SWAP_CHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT, s_xres, s_yres,
                                      DXGI_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM, 0));

  // recreate back buffer textures

  HRESULT hr = S_OK;

  for (UINT i = 0; i < SWAP_CHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT; i++)
  {
    ID3D12Resource* buf12 = nullptr;
    hr = s_swap_chain->GetBuffer(i, IID_PPV_ARGS(&buf12));

    CHECK(SUCCEEDED(hr), "Retrieve back buffer texture");

    s_backbuf[i] = new D3DTexture2D(buf12, TEXTURE_BIND_FLAG_RENDER_TARGET, DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,
                                    DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, DXGI_FORMAT_UNKNOWN, false,
                                    D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT);

    SAFE_RELEASE(buf12);
    SetDebugObjectName12(s_backbuf[i]->GetTex12(), "backbuffer texture");
  }

  // The 'about-to-be-presented' back buffer index is always set back to '0' upon ResizeBuffers,
  // just like
  // creating a new swap chain.
  s_current_back_buf = 0;

  s_backbuf[s_current_back_buf]->TransitionToResourceState(current_command_list,
                                                           D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_RENDER_TARGET);
}

bool BeginFrame()
{
  if (s_frame_in_progress)
  {
    PanicAlert("BeginFrame called although a frame is already in progress");
    return false;
  }
  s_frame_in_progress = true;
  return (device12 != nullptr);
}

void EndFrame()
{
  if (!s_frame_in_progress)
  {
    PanicAlert("EndFrame called although no frame is in progress");
    return;
  }
  s_frame_in_progress = false;
}

void Present()
{
  // The Present function contains logic to ensure we never Present faster than Windows can
  // send to the monitor. If we Present too fast, the Present call will start to block, and we'll be
  // throttled - obviously not desired if vsync is disabled and the emulated CPU speed is > 100%.

  // The throttling logic ensures that we don't Present more than twice in a given monitor vsync.
  // This is accomplished through timing data - there is a programmatic way to determine if a
  // Present call will block, however after investigation that is not feasible here (without
  // invasive
  // workarounds), due to the fact this method does not actually call Present - we just queue a
  // Present
  // command for the background thread to dispatch.

  // The monitor refresh rate is determined in Create().

  static LARGE_INTEGER s_last_present_qpc;

  LARGE_INTEGER current_qpc;
  QueryPerformanceCounter(&current_qpc);

  const double time_elapsed_since_last_present =
      static_cast<double>(current_qpc.QuadPart - s_last_present_qpc.QuadPart) /
      s_qpc_frequency.QuadPart;

  unsigned int present_flags = 0;

  if (g_ActiveConfig.IsVSync() == false &&
      time_elapsed_since_last_present < (1.0 / static_cast<double>(s_monitor_refresh_rate)) / 2.0)
  {
    present_flags = DXGI_PRESENT_TEST;  // Causes Present to be a no-op.
  }
  else
  {
    s_last_present_qpc = current_qpc;

    s_backbuf[s_current_back_buf]->TransitionToResourceState(current_command_list,
                                                             D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_PRESENT);
    s_current_back_buf = (s_current_back_buf + 1) % SWAP_CHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT;
  }

  command_list_mgr->ExecuteQueuedWorkAndPresent(s_swap_chain, g_ActiveConfig.IsVSync() ? 1 : 0,
                                                present_flags);

  command_list_mgr->m_cpu_access_last_frame = command_list_mgr->m_cpu_access_this_frame;
  command_list_mgr->m_cpu_access_this_frame = false;
  command_list_mgr->m_draws_since_last_execution = 0;
}

HRESULT SetFullscreenState(bool enable_fullscreen)
{
  return S_OK;
}

bool GetFullscreenState()
{
  // Fullscreen exclusive intentionally not supported in DX12 backend. No performance
  // difference between it and windowed full-screen due to usage of a FLIP swap chain.
  return false;
}

}  // namespace D3D

}  // namespace DX12