diff --git a/include/fmt/format.h b/include/fmt/format.h
index 6013c537..d827306a 100644
--- a/include/fmt/format.h
+++ b/include/fmt/format.h
@@ -145,13 +145,6 @@ FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 # define FMT_USE_TRAILING_RETURN 0
 #endif
 
-#if FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11 || FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_rvalue_references) || \
-    FMT_MSC_VER >= 1600
-# define FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
-#else
-# define FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES 0
-#endif
-
 #ifndef FMT_USE_GRISU
 # define FMT_USE_GRISU 0
 #endif
diff --git a/include/fmt/posix.h b/include/fmt/posix.h
index cadb6d2a..2fb01260 100644
--- a/include/fmt/posix.h
+++ b/include/fmt/posix.h
@@ -139,50 +139,6 @@ class buffered_file {
   // Destroys the object closing the file it represents if any.
   FMT_API ~buffered_file() FMT_DTOR_NOEXCEPT;
 
-#if !FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES
-  // Emulate a move constructor and a move assignment operator if rvalue
-  // references are not supported.
-
- private:
-  // A proxy object to emulate a move constructor.
-  // It is private to make it impossible call operator Proxy directly.
-  struct Proxy {
-    FILE *file;
-  };
-
-public:
-  // A "move constructor" for moving from a temporary.
-  buffered_file(Proxy p) FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(p.file) {}
-
-  // A "move constructor" for moving from an lvalue.
-  buffered_file(buffered_file &f) FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(f.file_) {
-    f.file_ = FMT_NULL;
-  }
-
-  // A "move assignment operator" for moving from a temporary.
-  buffered_file &operator=(Proxy p) {
-    close();
-    file_ = p.file;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // A "move assignment operator" for moving from an lvalue.
-  buffered_file &operator=(buffered_file &other) {
-    close();
-    file_ = other.file_;
-    other.file_ = FMT_NULL;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Returns a proxy object for moving from a temporary:
-  //   buffered_file file = buffered_file(...);
-  operator Proxy() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
-    Proxy p = {file_};
-    file_ = FMT_NULL;
-    return p;
-  }
-
-#else
  private:
   buffered_file(const buffered_file &) = delete;
   void operator=(const buffered_file &) = delete;
@@ -199,7 +155,6 @@ public:
     other.file_ = FMT_NULL;
     return *this;
   }
-#endif
 
   // Opens a file.
   FMT_API buffered_file(cstring_view filename, cstring_view mode);
@@ -251,50 +206,6 @@ class file {
   // Opens a file and constructs a file object representing this file.
   FMT_API file(cstring_view path, int oflag);
 
-#if !FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES
-  // Emulate a move constructor and a move assignment operator if rvalue
-  // references are not supported.
-
- private:
-  // A proxy object to emulate a move constructor.
-  // It is private to make it impossible call operator Proxy directly.
-  struct Proxy {
-    int fd;
-  };
-
- public:
-  // A "move constructor" for moving from a temporary.
-  file(Proxy p) FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(p.fd) {}
-
-  // A "move constructor" for moving from an lvalue.
-  file(file &other) FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(other.fd_) {
-    other.fd_ = -1;
-  }
-
-  // A "move assignment operator" for moving from a temporary.
-  file &operator=(Proxy p) {
-    close();
-    fd_ = p.fd;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // A "move assignment operator" for moving from an lvalue.
-  file &operator=(file &other) {
-    close();
-    fd_ = other.fd_;
-    other.fd_ = -1;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // Returns a proxy object for moving from a temporary:
-  //   file f = file(...);
-  operator Proxy() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
-    Proxy p = {fd_};
-    fd_ = -1;
-    return p;
-  }
-
-#else
  private:
   file(const file &) = delete;
   void operator=(const file &) = delete;
@@ -310,7 +221,6 @@ class file {
     other.fd_ = -1;
     return *this;
   }
-#endif
 
   // Destroys the object closing the file it represents if any.
   FMT_API ~file() FMT_DTOR_NOEXCEPT;
@@ -410,12 +320,4 @@ class Locale {
 #endif  // FMT_LOCALE
 FMT_END_NAMESPACE
 
-#if !FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES
-namespace std {
-// For compatibility with C++98.
-inline fmt::buffered_file &move(fmt::buffered_file &f) { return f; }
-inline fmt::file &move(fmt::file &f) { return f; }
-}
-#endif
-
 #endif  // FMT_POSIX_H_
diff --git a/test/mock-allocator.h b/test/mock-allocator.h
index 58e157a5..fc393b26 100644
--- a/test/mock-allocator.h
+++ b/test/mock-allocator.h
@@ -25,37 +25,31 @@ class AllocatorRef {
  private:
   Allocator *alloc_;
 
- public:
-  typedef typename Allocator::value_type value_type;
-
-  explicit AllocatorRef(Allocator *alloc = nullptr) : alloc_(alloc) {}
-
-  AllocatorRef(const AllocatorRef &other) : alloc_(other.alloc_) {}
-
-  AllocatorRef& operator=(const AllocatorRef &other) {
-    alloc_ = other.alloc_;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-#if FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES
- private:
   void move(AllocatorRef &other) {
     alloc_ = other.alloc_;
     other.alloc_ = nullptr;
   }
 
  public:
-  AllocatorRef(AllocatorRef &&other) {
-    move(other);
-  }
+  typedef typename Allocator::value_type value_type;
+
+  explicit AllocatorRef(Allocator *alloc = nullptr) : alloc_(alloc) {}
+
+  AllocatorRef(const AllocatorRef &other) : alloc_(other.alloc_) {}
+  AllocatorRef(AllocatorRef &&other) { move(other); }
 
   AllocatorRef& operator=(AllocatorRef &&other) {
     assert(this != &other);
     move(other);
     return *this;
   }
-#endif
 
+  AllocatorRef& operator=(const AllocatorRef &other) {
+    alloc_ = other.alloc_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+ public:
   Allocator *get() const { return alloc_; }
 
   value_type* allocate(std::size_t n) {
diff --git a/test/util-test.cc b/test/util-test.cc
index 46396f79..12500729 100644
--- a/test/util-test.cc
+++ b/test/util-test.cc
@@ -235,8 +235,6 @@ TEST(MemoryBufferTest, Ctor) {
   EXPECT_EQ(123u, buffer.capacity());
 }
 
-#if FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES
-
 typedef AllocatorRef< std::allocator<char> > TestAllocator;
 
 static void check_move_buffer(const char *str,
@@ -304,8 +302,6 @@ TEST(MemoryBufferTest, MoveAssignment) {
   EXPECT_GT(buffer2.capacity(), 5u);
 }
 
-#endif  // FMT_USE_RVALUE_REFERENCES
-
 TEST(MemoryBufferTest, Grow) {
   typedef AllocatorRef< MockAllocator<int> > Allocator;
   typedef basic_memory_buffer<int, 10, Allocator> Base;