mp-units/src/utility/include/mp-units/math.h

// The MIT License (MIT)
//
// Copyright (c) 2018 Mateusz Pusz
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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// SOFTWARE.

#pragma once

#include <mp-units/bits/external/hacks.h>
#include <mp-units/bits/value_cast.h>
#include <mp-units/quantity.h>
#include <mp-units/systems/angular/angular.h>
#include <mp-units/systems/isq/space_and_time.h>
#include <mp-units/systems/si/units.h>
#include <mp-units/unit.h>

// IWYU pragma: begin_exports
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdint>
// IWYU pragma: end_exports

#include <limits>

namespace mp_units {

/**
 * @brief Computes the value of a quantity raised to the `Num/Den` power
 *
 * Both the quantity value and its quantity specification are the base of the operation.
 *
 * @tparam Num Exponent numerator
 * @tparam Den Exponent denominator
 * @param q Quantity being the base of the operation
 * @return Quantity The result of computation
 */
template<std::intmax_t Num, std::intmax_t Den = 1, Quantity Q>
  requires detail::non_zero<Den>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr auto pow(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { pow(q.number(), 1.0); } || requires { std::pow(q.number(), 1.0); }
{
  using rep = TYPENAME Q::rep;
  if constexpr (Num == 0) {
    return rep(1);
  } else if constexpr (ratio{Num, Den} == 1) {
    return q;
  } else {
    using std::pow;
    return make_quantity<reference<pow<Num, Den>(Q::quantity_spec), pow<Num, Den>(Q::unit)>{}>(
      static_cast<rep>(pow(q.number(), static_cast<double>(Num) / static_cast<double>(Den))));
  }
}

/**
 * @brief Computes the square root of a quantity
 *
 * Both the quantity value and its quantity specification are the base of the operation.
 *
 * @param q Quantity being the base of the operation
 * @return Quantity The result of computation
 */
template<Quantity Q>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr Quantity auto sqrt(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { sqrt(q.number()); } || requires { std::sqrt(q.number()); }
{
  using rep = TYPENAME Q::rep;
  using std::sqrt;
  return make_quantity<reference<pow<1, 2>(Q::quantity_spec), pow<1, 2>(Q::unit)>{}>(
    static_cast<rep>(sqrt(q.number())));
}

/**
 * @brief Computes the cubic root of a quantity
 *
 * Both the quantity value and its quantity specification are the base of the operation.
 *
 * @param q Quantity being the base of the operation
 * @return Quantity The result of computation
 */
template<Quantity Q>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr Quantity auto cbrt(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { cbrt(q.number()); } || requires { std::cbrt(q.number()); }
{
  using rep = TYPENAME Q::rep;
  using std::cbrt;
  return make_quantity<reference<pow<1, 3>(Q::quantity_spec), pow<1, 3>(Q::unit)>{}>(
    static_cast<rep>(cbrt(q.number())));
}

/**
 * @brief Computes Euler's raised to the given power
 *
 * @note Such an operation has sense only for a dimensionless quantity.
 *
 * @param q Quantity being the base of the operation
 * @return Quantity The value of the same quantity type
 */
template<QuantityOf<dimension_one> Q>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr Q exp(const Q& q)
  requires requires { exp(q.number()); } || requires { std::exp(q.number()); }
{
  using std::exp;
  return value_cast<Q::unit>(make_quantity<dimensionless[one]>(exp(value_cast<one>(q).number())));
}

/**
 * @brief Computes the absolute value of a quantity
 *
 * @param q Quantity being the base of the operation
 * @return Quantity The absolute value of a provided quantity
 */
template<Quantity Q>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr Q abs(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { abs(q.number()); } || requires { std::abs(q.number()); }
{
  using std::abs;
  return make_quantity<Q::reference>(abs(q.number()));
}

/**
 * @brief Returns the epsilon of the quantity
 *
 * The returned value is defined by a <tt>std::numeric_limits<typename Q::rep>::epsilon()</tt>.
 *
 * @tparam Q Quantity type being the base of the operation
 * @return Quantity The epsilon value for quantity's representation type
 */
template<Representation Rep, Reference R>
  requires requires { std::numeric_limits<Rep>::epsilon(); }
[[nodiscard]] constexpr Quantity auto epsilon(R r) noexcept
{
  return make_quantity<r>(std::numeric_limits<Rep>::epsilon());
}

/**
 * @brief Computes the largest quantity with integer representation and unit type To with its number not greater than q
 *
 * @tparam q Quantity being the base of the operation
 * @return Quantity The rounded quantity with unit type To
 */
template<Unit auto To, auto R, typename Rep>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}, Rep> floor(const quantity<R, Rep>& q) noexcept
  requires((!treat_as_floating_point<Rep>) || requires { floor(q.number()); } ||
           requires { std::floor(q.number()); }) &&
          (To == get_unit(R) || requires {
            ::mp_units::value_cast<To>(q);
            quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}, Rep>::one();
          })
{
  const auto handle_signed_results = [&]<typename T>(const T& res) {
    if (res > q) {
      return res - T::one();
    }
    return res;
  };
  if constexpr (treat_as_floating_point<Rep>) {
    using std::floor;
    if constexpr (To == get_unit(R)) {
      return make_quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}>(floor(q.number()));
    } else {
      return handle_signed_results(
        make_quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}>(floor(value_cast<To>(q).number())));
    }
  } else {
    if constexpr (To == get_unit(R)) {
      return value_cast<To>(q);
    } else {
      return handle_signed_results(value_cast<To>(q));
    }
  }
}

/**
 * @brief Computes the smallest quantity with integer representation and unit type To with its number not less than q
 *
 * @tparam q Quantity being the base of the operation
 * @return Quantity The rounded quantity with unit type To
 */
template<Unit auto To, auto R, typename Rep>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}, Rep> ceil(const quantity<R, Rep>& q) noexcept
  requires((!treat_as_floating_point<Rep>) || requires { ceil(q.number()); } || requires { std::ceil(q.number()); }) &&
          (To == get_unit(R) || requires {
            ::mp_units::value_cast<To>(q);
            quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}, Rep>::one();
          })
{
  const auto handle_signed_results = [&]<typename T>(const T& res) {
    if (res < q) {
      return res + T::one();
    }
    return res;
  };
  if constexpr (treat_as_floating_point<Rep>) {
    using std::ceil;
    if constexpr (To == get_unit(R)) {
      return make_quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}>(ceil(q.number()));
    } else {
      return handle_signed_results(
        make_quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}>(ceil(value_cast<To>(q).number())));
    }
  } else {
    if constexpr (To == get_unit(R)) {
      return value_cast<To>(q);
    } else {
      return handle_signed_results(value_cast<To>(q));
    }
  }
}

/**
 * @brief Computes the nearest quantity with integer representation and unit type To to q
 *
 * Rounding halfway cases away from zero, regardless of the current rounding mode.
 *
 * @tparam q Quantity being the base of the operation
 * @return Quantity The rounded quantity with unit type To
 */
template<Unit auto To, auto R, typename Rep>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}, Rep> round(const quantity<R, Rep>& q) noexcept
  requires((!treat_as_floating_point<Rep>) || requires { round(q.number()); } ||
           requires { std::round(q.number()); }) &&
          (To == get_unit(R) || requires {
            ::mp_units::floor<To>(q);
            quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}, Rep>::one();
          })
{
  if constexpr (To == get_unit(R)) {
    if constexpr (treat_as_floating_point<Rep>) {
      using std::round;
      return make_quantity<reference<get_quantity_spec(R), To>{}>(round(q.number()));
    } else {
      return value_cast<To>(q);
    }
  } else {
    const auto res_low = mp_units::floor<To>(q);
    const auto res_high = res_low + res_low.one();
    const auto diff0 = q - res_low;
    const auto diff1 = res_high - q;
    if (diff0 == diff1) {
      if (static_cast<int>(res_low.number()) & 1) {
        return res_high;
      }
      return res_low;
    }
    if (diff0 < diff1) {
      return res_low;
    }
    return res_high;
  }
}

/**
 * @brief Computes the square root of the sum of the squares of x and y,
 *        without undue overflow or underflow at intermediate stages of the computation
 */
template<Quantity Q1, Quantity Q2>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr QuantityOf<common_quantity_spec(Q1::quantity_spec, Q2::quantity_spec)> auto hypot(
  const Q1& x, const Q2& y) noexcept
  requires requires { common_reference(Q1::reference, Q2::reference); } &&
           (
             requires { hypot(x.number(), y.number()); } || requires { std::hypot(x.number(), y.number()); })
{
  using std::hypot;
  using type = quantity<common_reference(Q1::reference, Q2::reference), decltype(hypot(x.number(), y.number()))>;
  return make_quantity<type::reference>(hypot(type{x}.number(), type{y}.number()));
}

/**
 * @brief Computes the square root of the sum of the squares of x, y, and z,
 *        without undue overflow or underflow at intermediate stages of the computation
 */
template<Quantity Q1, Quantity Q2, Quantity Q3>
[[nodiscard]] constexpr QuantityOf<common_quantity_spec(Q1::quantity_spec, Q2::quantity_spec, Q3::quantity_spec)> auto
hypot(const Q1& x, const Q2& y, const Q3& z) noexcept
  requires requires { common_reference(Q1::reference, Q2::reference, Q3::reference); } &&
           (
             requires { hypot(x.number(), y.number(), z.number()); } ||
             requires { std::hypot(x.number(), y.number(), z.number()); })
{
  using std::hypot;
  using type = quantity<common_reference(Q1::reference, Q2::reference, Q3::reference),
                        decltype(hypot(x.number(), y.number(), z.number()))>;
  return make_quantity<type::reference>(hypot(type{x}.number(), type{y}.number(), type{z}.number()));
}

namespace isq {

template<QuantityOf<angular_measure> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<dimensionless> auto sin(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { sin(q.number()); } || requires { std::sin(q.number()); }
{
  using std::sin;
  return make_quantity<one>(sin(q[si::radian].number()));
}

template<QuantityOf<angular_measure> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<dimensionless> auto cos(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { cos(q.number()); } || requires { std::cos(q.number()); }
{
  using std::cos;
  return make_quantity<one>(cos(q[si::radian].number()));
}

template<QuantityOf<angular_measure> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<dimensionless> auto tan(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { tan(q.number()); } || requires { std::tan(q.number()); }
{
  using std::tan;
  return make_quantity<one>(tan(q[si::radian].number()));
}

template<QuantityOf<dimension_one> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<angular_measure> auto asin(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { asin(q.number()); } || requires { std::asin(q.number()); }
{
  using std::asin;
  return make_quantity<angular_measure[si::radian]>(asin(value_cast<one>(q).number()));
}

template<QuantityOf<dimension_one> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<angular_measure> auto acos(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { acos(q.number()); } || requires { std::acos(q.number()); }
{
  using std::acos;
  return make_quantity<angular_measure[si::radian]>(acos(value_cast<one>(q).number()));
}

template<QuantityOf<dimension_one> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<angular_measure> auto atan(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { atan(q.number()); } || requires { std::atan(q.number()); }
{
  using std::atan;
  return make_quantity<angular_measure[si::radian]>(atan(value_cast<one>(q).number()));
}

}  // namespace isq

namespace angular {

template<QuantityOf<angle> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<dimensionless> auto sin(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { sin(q.number()); } || requires { std::sin(q.number()); }
{
  using std::sin;
  return sin(q[radian].number()) * one;
}

template<QuantityOf<angle> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<dimensionless> auto cos(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { cos(q.number()); } || requires { std::cos(q.number()); }
{
  using std::cos;
  return cos(q[radian].number()) * one;
}

template<QuantityOf<angle> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<dimensionless> auto tan(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { tan(q.number()); } || requires { std::tan(q.number()); }
{
  using std::tan;
  return tan(q[radian].number()) * one;
}

template<QuantityOf<dimension_one> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<angle> auto asin(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { asin(q.number()); } || requires { std::asin(q.number()); }
{
  using std::asin;
  return asin(value_cast<one>(q).number()) * angle[radian];
}

template<QuantityOf<dimension_one> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<angle> auto acos(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { acos(q.number()); } || requires { std::acos(q.number()); }
{
  using std::acos;
  return acos(value_cast<one>(q).number()) * angle[radian];
}

template<QuantityOf<dimension_one> Q>
  requires treat_as_floating_point<typename Q::rep>
[[nodiscard]] inline QuantityOf<angle> auto atan(const Q& q) noexcept
  requires requires { atan(q.number()); } || requires { std::atan(q.number()); }
{
  using std::atan;
  return atan(value_cast<one>(q).number()) * angle[radian];
}

}  // namespace angular

}  // namespace mp_units