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Dimensionless Quantities
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The Affine Space
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</li>
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Obtaining Metadata
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Predefined symbols
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Symbols of derived dimensions
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<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Symbols of derived dimensions">
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|
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dimension_symbol_formatting
|
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</span>
|
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</a>
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|
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</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#dimension_symbol" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
dimension_symbol()
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#dimension_symbol_to" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
dimension_symbol_to()
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#symbols-of-derived-units" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Symbols of derived units
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Symbols of derived units">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#unit_symbol_formatting" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
unit_symbol_formatting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#unit_symbol" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
unit_symbol()
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#unit_symbol_to" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
unit_symbol_to()
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#symbols-of-scaled-units" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Symbols of scaled units
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#symbols-of-common-units" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Symbols of common units
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#space_before_unit_symbol-customization-point" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
space_before_unit_symbol customization point
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#output-streams" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Output streams
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Output streams">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#output-stream-formatting" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Output stream formatting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#text-formatting" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Text formatting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Text formatting">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#controlling-width-fill-and-alignment" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Controlling width, fill, and alignment
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#dimension-formatting" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Dimension formatting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#unit-formatting" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Unit formatting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#quantity-formatting" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Quantity formatting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="Quantity formatting">
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list">
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#default-formatting" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Default formatting
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#quantity-numerical-value-unit-symbol-or-both" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Quantity numerical value, unit symbol, or both?
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="#formatting-of-the-quantity-numerical-value" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Formatting of the quantity numerical value
|
||
</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_3" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_3" id="__nav_3_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Systems
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_3">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Systems
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems/introduction/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Introduction
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems/isq/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
International System of Quantities (ISQ)
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems/si/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
International System of Units (SI)
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems/strong_angular_system/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Strong Angular System
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../systems/natural_units/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Natural Units
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_4" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_4" id="__nav_3_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Use Cases
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_4">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Use Cases
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../use_cases/pure_dimensional_analysis/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Pure Dimensional Analysis
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../use_cases/working_with_legacy_interfaces/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Working with Legacy Interfaces
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../use_cases/using_custom_representation_types/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Using Custom Representation Types
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../use_cases/interoperability_with_other_libraries/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Interoperability with Other Libraries
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../use_cases/extending_the_library/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Extending the Library
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../use_cases/wide_compatibility/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Wide Compatibility
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_5" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_5" id="__nav_3_5_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Examples
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_5_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_5">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
Examples
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../examples/tags_index/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
Tags Index
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_3_5_2" >
|
||
|
||
|
||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_3_5_2" id="__nav_3_5_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
All Examples
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
|
||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="3" aria-labelledby="__nav_3_5_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_3_5_2">
|
||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||
All Examples
|
||
</label>
|
||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../examples/hello_units/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
hello_units
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../examples/avg_speed/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
avg_speed
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../examples/si_constants/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
si_constants
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||
<a href="../../examples/hw_voltage/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||
hw_voltage
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
</a>
|
||
</li>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</nav>
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<h1 id="text-output">Text Output<a class="headerlink" href="#text-output" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h1>
|
||
<p>Besides providing dimensional analysis and unit conversions, the library also tries hard to print
|
||
any quantity in the most user-friendly way. We can print the entire quantity or its
|
||
selected parts (numerical value, unit, or dimension).</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>The library does not provide a text output for quantity points. The quantity stored inside
|
||
is just an implementation detail of this type. It is a vector from a specific origin.
|
||
Without the knowledge of the origin, the vector by itself is useless as we can't determine
|
||
which point it describes.</p>
|
||
<p>In the current library design, point origin does not provide any text in its definition.
|
||
Even if we could add such information to the point's definition, we would not
|
||
know how to output it in the text. There may be many ways to do it. For example, should we
|
||
prepend or append the origin part to the quantity text?</p>
|
||
<p>For example, the text output of <code>42 m</code> for a quantity point may mean many things. It may be
|
||
an offset from the mountain top, sea level, or maybe the center of Mars.
|
||
Printing <code>42 m AMSL</code> for altitudes above mean sea level is a much better solution, but the
|
||
library does not have enough information to print it that way by itself.</p>
|
||
<p>Please let us know if you have a good idea of how to solve this issue.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="predefined-symbols">Predefined symbols<a class="headerlink" href="#predefined-symbols" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The definitions of dimensions, units, prefixes, and constants require assigning text symbols
|
||
for each entity. Those symbols will be composed by the library's framework to express dimensions
|
||
and units of derived quantities.</p>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:4"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_3" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_4" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">Dimensions</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">Units</label><label for="__tabbed_1_3">Prefixes</label><label for="__tabbed_1_4">Constants</label></div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-content">
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">dim_length</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base_dimension</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"L"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dim_length</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">dim_mass</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base_dimension</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"M"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dim_mass</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-3"><a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">dim_time</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base_dimension</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"T"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dim_time</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-4"><a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">dim_electric_current</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base_dimension</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"I"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dim_electric_current</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-5"><a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">dim_thermodynamic_temperature</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base_dimension</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="sa">u8</span><span class="s">"Θ"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"O"</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dim_thermodynamic_temperature</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-6"><a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">dim_amount_of_substance</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base_dimension</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"N"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dim_amount_of_substance</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-0-7"><a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">dim_luminous_intensity</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">base_dimension</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"J"</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dim_luminous_intensity</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">second</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"s"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kind_of</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">time</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">second</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-2"><a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">metre</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"m"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kind_of</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">length</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">metre</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-3"><a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">gram</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"g"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kind_of</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">mass</span><span class="o">>></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">gram</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-4"><a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kilogram</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kilo</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">gram</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-5"><a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-6"><a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">newton</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"N"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kilogram</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">metre</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">square</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">second</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newton</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-7"><a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">joule</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"J"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">newton</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">metre</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joule</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-8"><a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">watt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"W"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joule</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">second</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">watt</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-9"><a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">coulomb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"C"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ampere</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">second</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coulomb</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-10"><a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">volt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"V"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">watt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ampere</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">volt</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-11"><a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">farad</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"F"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coulomb</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">volt</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">farad</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-1-12"><a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ohm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="sa">u8</span><span class="s">"Ω"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"ohm"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">volt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ampere</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ohm</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">PrefixableUnit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">micro_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prefixed_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="sa">u8</span><span class="s">"µ"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"u"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-6</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">PrefixableUnit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">milli_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prefixed_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"m"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-3</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">PrefixableUnit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">centi_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prefixed_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"c"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-2</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-4"><a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">PrefixableUnit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">deci_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prefixed_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"d"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-5"><a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">PrefixableUnit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">deca_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prefixed_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"da"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-6"><a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">PrefixableUnit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">hecto_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prefixed_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"h"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-7"><a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">PrefixableUnit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">kilo_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prefixed_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"k"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-2-8"><a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">PrefixableUnit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">mega_</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">prefixed_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"M"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{};</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="tabbed-block">
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-3-1"><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">hyperfine_structure_transition_frequency_of_cs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="sa">u8</span><span class="s">"Δν_Cs"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"dv_Cs"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">9'192'631'770</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hertz</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">hyperfine_structure_transition_frequency_of_cs</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-2"><a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">speed_of_light_in_vacuum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"c"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">299'792'458</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">metre</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">second</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">speed_of_light_in_vacuum</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-3"><a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">planck_constant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"h"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_ratio</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">662'607'015</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100'000'000</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-34</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joule</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">second</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">planck_constant</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-4"><a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">elementary_charge</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"e"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_ratio</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">1'602'176'634</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1'000'000'000</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-19</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">coulomb</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">elementary_charge</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-5"><a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">boltzmann_constant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"k"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_ratio</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">1'380'649</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1'000'000</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-23</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">joule</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kelvin</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">boltzmann_constant</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-6"><a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">avogadro_constant</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"N_A"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_ratio</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">602'214'076</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">100'000'000</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag_power</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">23</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mole</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">avogadro_constant</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-3-7"><a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">luminous_efficacy</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="s">"K_cd"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mag</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">683</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">lumen</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">watt</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">luminous_efficacy</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition important">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Important</p>
|
||
<p>Two symbols always have to be provided if the primary symbol contains characters outside of
|
||
the <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/charset">basic literal character set</a>.
|
||
The first must be provided as a UTF-8 literal and may contain any Unicode characters.
|
||
The second one must provide an alternative spelling and only use characters from within of
|
||
<a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/charset">basic literal character set</a>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Unicode provides only a minimal set of characters available as subscripts, which are often used
|
||
to differentiate various constants and quantities of the same kind. To workaround this issue,
|
||
<strong>mp-units</strong> uses the '_' character to specify that the following characters should be considered
|
||
a subscript of the symbol.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
|
||
<p>For older compilers, it might be required to specify a <code>symbol_text</code> class explicitly
|
||
template name to initialize it with two symbols:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-4-1"><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="kr">inline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ohm</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">final</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">named_unit</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">symbol_text</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="sa">u8</span><span class="s">"Ω"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"ohm"</span><span class="p">},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">volt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ampere</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ohm</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="symbols-for-derived-entities">Symbols for derived entities<a class="headerlink" href="#symbols-for-derived-entities" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<h3 id="text_encoding"><code>text_encoding</code><a class="headerlink" href="#text_encoding" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p><a href="../../../appendix/glossary/#isq">ISQ</a> and <a href="../../../appendix/glossary/#si">SI</a> standards always
|
||
specify symbols using UTF-8 encoding. This is why it is a default and primary target for
|
||
text output. However, in some applications or environments, a standard portable text output
|
||
using only the characters from the <a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/charset">basic literal character set</a>
|
||
can be preferred by users.</p>
|
||
<p>This is why the library provides an option to change the default encoding to the portable one with:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">text_encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="kt">int8_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-2"><a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utf8</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// µs; m³; L²MT⁻³</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-3"><a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">portable</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// us; m^3; L^2MT^-3</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-4"><a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">utf8</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-5-5"><a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="symbols-of-derived-dimensions">Symbols of derived dimensions<a class="headerlink" href="#symbols-of-derived-dimensions" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<h4 id="dimension_symbol_formatting"><code>dimension_symbol_formatting</code><a class="headerlink" href="#dimension_symbol_formatting" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p><code>dimension_symbol_formatting</code> is a data type describing the configuration of the symbol generation
|
||
algorithm.</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-6-1"><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">dimension_symbol_formatting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-2"><a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text_encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text_encoding</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">default_encoding</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-6-3"><a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h4 id="dimension_symbol"><code>dimension_symbol()</code><a class="headerlink" href="#dimension_symbol" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>Returns a <code>std::string_view</code> with the symbol of a dimension for the provided configuration:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-7-1"><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">dimension_symbol_formatting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimension_symbol_formatting</span><span class="p">{},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CharT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Dimension</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">D</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-7-2"><a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">nodiscard</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">consteval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string_view</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimension_symbol</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-8-1"><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="k">static_assert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">dimension_symbol</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="p">{.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text_encoding</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">portable</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">power</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dimension</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"L^2MT^-3"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p><code>std::string_view</code> is returned only when C++23 is available. Otherwise, an instance of a
|
||
<code>basic_fixed_string</code> is being returned.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h4 id="dimension_symbol_to"><code>dimension_symbol_to()</code><a class="headerlink" href="#dimension_symbol_to" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>Inserts the generated dimension symbol into the output text iterator at runtime.</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-9-1"><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CharT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">output_iterator</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">CharT</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Dimension</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">D</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-9-2"><a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimension_symbol_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">D</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">d</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimension_symbol_formatting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">dimension_symbol_formatting</span><span class="p">{});</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-10-1"><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">txt</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-10-2"><a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="n">dimension_symbol_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">back_inserter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">txt</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">power</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dimension</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{.</span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text_encoding</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">portable</span><span class="p">});</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-10-3"><a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">txt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>The above prints:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-11-1"><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a>L^2MT^-3
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="symbols-of-derived-units">Symbols of derived units<a class="headerlink" href="#symbols-of-derived-units" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<h4 id="unit_symbol_formatting"><code>unit_symbol_formatting</code><a class="headerlink" href="#unit_symbol_formatting" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p><code>unit_symbol_formatting</code> is a data type describing the configuration of the symbol generation
|
||
algorithm. It contains three orthogonal fields, each with a default value.</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-12-1"><a id="__codelineno-12-1" name="__codelineno-12-1" href="#__codelineno-12-1"></a><span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">unit_symbol_solidus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="kt">int8_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-2"><a id="__codelineno-12-2" name="__codelineno-12-2" href="#__codelineno-12-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">one_denominator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// m/s; kg m⁻¹ s⁻¹</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-3"><a id="__codelineno-12-3" name="__codelineno-12-3" href="#__codelineno-12-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">always</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// m/s; kg/(m s)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-4"><a id="__codelineno-12-4" name="__codelineno-12-4" href="#__codelineno-12-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">never</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// m s⁻¹; kg m⁻¹ s⁻¹</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-5"><a id="__codelineno-12-5" name="__codelineno-12-5" href="#__codelineno-12-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_denominator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">one_denominator</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-6"><a id="__codelineno-12-6" name="__codelineno-12-6" href="#__codelineno-12-6"></a><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-7"><a id="__codelineno-12-7" name="__codelineno-12-7" href="#__codelineno-12-7"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-8"><a id="__codelineno-12-8" name="__codelineno-12-8" href="#__codelineno-12-8"></a><span class="k">enum</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">unit_symbol_separator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="kt">int8_t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-9"><a id="__codelineno-12-9" name="__codelineno-12-9" href="#__codelineno-12-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">space</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// kg m²/s²</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-10"><a id="__codelineno-12-10" name="__codelineno-12-10" href="#__codelineno-12-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">half_high_dot</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// kg⋅m²/s² (valid only for utf8 encoding)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-11"><a id="__codelineno-12-11" name="__codelineno-12-11" href="#__codelineno-12-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">default_separator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">space</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-12"><a id="__codelineno-12-12" name="__codelineno-12-12" href="#__codelineno-12-12"></a><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-13"><a id="__codelineno-12-13" name="__codelineno-12-13" href="#__codelineno-12-13"></a>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-14"><a id="__codelineno-12-14" name="__codelineno-12-14" href="#__codelineno-12-14"></a><span class="k">struct</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">unit_symbol_formatting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-15"><a id="__codelineno-12-15" name="__codelineno-12-15" href="#__codelineno-12-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text_encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">encoding</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">text_encoding</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">default_encoding</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-16"><a id="__codelineno-12-16" name="__codelineno-12-16" href="#__codelineno-12-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_solidus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">solidus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_solidus</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">default_denominator</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-17"><a id="__codelineno-12-17" name="__codelineno-12-17" href="#__codelineno-12-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_separator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">separator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_separator</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">default_separator</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-12-18"><a id="__codelineno-12-18" name="__codelineno-12-18" href="#__codelineno-12-18"></a><span class="p">};</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p><code>unit_symbol_solidus</code> impacts how the division of unit symbols is being presented in the text
|
||
output. By default, the '/' will be printed if only one unit component is in the
|
||
denominator. Otherwise, the exponent syntax will be used.</p>
|
||
<p><code>unit_symbol_separator</code> specifies how multiple multiplied units should be separated from each
|
||
other. By default, the space (' ') will be used as a separator.</p>
|
||
<h4 id="unit_symbol"><code>unit_symbol()</code><a class="headerlink" href="#unit_symbol" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>Returns a <code>std::string_view</code> with the symbol of a unit for the provided configuration:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-13-1"><a id="__codelineno-13-1" name="__codelineno-13-1" href="#__codelineno-13-1"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">unit_symbol_formatting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_formatting</span><span class="p">{},</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CharT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Unit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-13-2"><a id="__codelineno-13-2" name="__codelineno-13-2" href="#__codelineno-13-2"></a><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">nodiscard</span><span class="p">]]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">consteval</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string_view</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-14-1"><a id="__codelineno-14-1" name="__codelineno-14-1" href="#__codelineno-14-1"></a><span class="k">static_assert</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">unit_symbol</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="p">{.</span><span class="n">solidus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_solidus</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">never</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-14-2"><a id="__codelineno-14-2" name="__codelineno-14-2" href="#__codelineno-14-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">separator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_separator</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">half_high_dot</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">kg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"kg⋅m⋅s⁻²"</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p><code>std::string_view</code> is returned only when C++23 is available. Otherwise, an instance of a
|
||
<code>basic_fixed_string</code> is being returned. See more in the
|
||
<a href="../../../getting_started/cpp_compiler_support/#static-constexpr-variables-in-constexpr-functions">C++ compiler support</a>
|
||
chapter.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h4 id="unit_symbol_to"><code>unit_symbol_to()</code><a class="headerlink" href="#unit_symbol_to" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>Inserts the generated unit symbol into the output text iterator at runtime.</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-15-1"><a id="__codelineno-15-1" name="__codelineno-15-1" href="#__codelineno-15-1"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="k">typename</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">CharT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">char</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">output_iterator</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">CharT</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Unit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="o">></span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-15-2"><a id="__codelineno-15-2" name="__codelineno-15-2" href="#__codelineno-15-2"></a><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Out</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">out</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">U</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">u</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_formatting</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">fmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_formatting</span><span class="p">{});</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>For example:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-16-1"><a id="__codelineno-16-1" name="__codelineno-16-1" href="#__codelineno-16-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">string</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">txt</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-16-2"><a id="__codelineno-16-2" name="__codelineno-16-2" href="#__codelineno-16-2"></a><span class="n">unit_symbol_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">back_inserter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">txt</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">,</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-16-3"><a id="__codelineno-16-3" name="__codelineno-16-3" href="#__codelineno-16-3"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{.</span><span class="n">solidus</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_solidus</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">never</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">separator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">unit_symbol_separator</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">half_high_dot</span><span class="p">});</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-16-4"><a id="__codelineno-16-4" name="__codelineno-16-4" href="#__codelineno-16-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">txt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>The above prints:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-17-1"><a id="__codelineno-17-1" name="__codelineno-17-1" href="#__codelineno-17-1"></a>kg⋅m⋅s⁻²
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h2 id="symbols-of-scaled-units">Symbols of scaled units<a class="headerlink" href="#symbols-of-scaled-units" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>In most cases <a href="../systems_of_units/#scaled-units">scaled units are hidden behind named units</a>.
|
||
However, there are a few real-life where a user directly faces a scaled unit. For example:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-18-1"><a id="__codelineno-18-1" name="__codelineno-18-1" href="#__codelineno-18-1"></a><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Unit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_per_100km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mag</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>The above is a derived unit of litre divided by a scaled unit of 100 kilometers. As we can
|
||
see a scaled unit has a magnitude and a reference unit. To denote the scope of such
|
||
a unit, we enclose it in <code>[...]</code>. For example, the following:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-19-1"><a id="__codelineno-19-1" name="__codelineno-19-1" href="#__codelineno-19-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">6.7</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">L_per_100km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>prints:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-20-1"><a id="__codelineno-20-1" name="__codelineno-20-1" href="#__codelineno-20-1"></a>6.7 L/[100 km]
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h2 id="symbols-of-common-units">Symbols of common units<a class="headerlink" href="#symbols-of-common-units" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>Some <a href="../systems_of_units/#common-units">common units</a> expressed with a specialization of the
|
||
<code>common_unit</code> class template need special printing rules for their symbols. As they represent
|
||
a minimum set of equivalent common units resulting from the addition or subtraction of multiple
|
||
quantities, we print all of them as a scaled version of the source unit. For example,
|
||
the following:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-21-1"><a id="__codelineno-21-1" name="__codelineno-21-1" href="#__codelineno-21-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-21-2"><a id="__codelineno-21-2" name="__codelineno-21-2" href="#__codelineno-21-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">nmi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-21-3"><a id="__codelineno-21-3" name="__codelineno-21-3" href="#__codelineno-21-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-21-4"><a id="__codelineno-21-4" name="__codelineno-21-4" href="#__codelineno-21-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">rad</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>prints:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-22-1"><a id="__codelineno-22-1" name="__codelineno-22-1" href="#__codelineno-22-1"></a>40771 EQUIV{[1/25146 mi], [1/15625 km]}
|
||
</span><span id="__span-22-2"><a id="__codelineno-22-2" name="__codelineno-22-2" href="#__codelineno-22-2"></a>108167 EQUIV{[1/50292 mi], [1/57875 nmi]}
|
||
</span><span id="__span-22-3"><a id="__codelineno-22-3" name="__codelineno-22-3" href="#__codelineno-22-3"></a>23 EQUIV{[1/5 km/h], [1/18 m/s]}
|
||
</span><span id="__span-22-4"><a id="__codelineno-22-4" name="__codelineno-22-4" href="#__codelineno-22-4"></a>183.142 EQUIV{[1/π°], [1/180 rad]}
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Thanks to the above, it might be easier for the user to reason about the magnitude of the resulting
|
||
unit and its impact on the value stored in the quantity.</p>
|
||
<h2 id="space_before_unit_symbol-customization-point"><code>space_before_unit_symbol</code> customization point<a class="headerlink" href="#space_before_unit_symbol-customization-point" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The <a href="../../../appendix/references/#SIBrochure">SI Brochure</a> says:</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition quote">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">SI Brochure</p>
|
||
<p>The numerical value always precedes the unit and a space is always used to separate the unit from
|
||
the number. ... The only exceptions to this rule are for the unit symbols for degree, minute and
|
||
second for plane angle, <code>°</code>, <code>′</code> and <code>″</code>, respectively, for which no space is left between the
|
||
numerical value and the unit symbol.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>There are more units with such properties. For example, percent (<code>%</code>) and per mille(<code>‰</code>).</p>
|
||
<p>To support the above and other similar cases, the library exposes <code>space_before_unit_symbol</code>
|
||
customization point. By default, its value is <code>true</code> for all the units, so the space between a number
|
||
and a unit will be inserted in the output text. To change this behavior, we have to provide a partial
|
||
specialization for a specific unit:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-23-1"><a id="__codelineno-23-1" name="__codelineno-23-1" href="#__codelineno-23-1"></a><span class="k">template</span><span class="o"><></span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-23-2"><a id="__codelineno-23-2" name="__codelineno-23-2" href="#__codelineno-23-2"></a><span class="k">constexpr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">bool</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">space_before_unit_symbol</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">non_si</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">degree</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">false</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>The above works only for <a href="#default-formatting">the default formatting</a> or for the format
|
||
strings that use <code>%?</code> placement field (<code>std::format("{}", q)</code> is equivalent to
|
||
<code>std::format("{:%N%?%U}", q)</code>).</p>
|
||
<p>In case a user provides custom format specification (e.g., <code>std::format("{:%N %U}", q)</code>),
|
||
the library will always obey this specification for all the units (no matter what the actual
|
||
value of the <code>space_before_unit_symbol</code> customization point is) and the separating space will always
|
||
be used in this case.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="output-streams">Output streams<a class="headerlink" href="#output-streams" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
|
||
<p>The output streaming support is opt-in and can be enabled by including the <code><mp-units/ostream.h></code>
|
||
header file.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The easiest way to print a dimension, unit, or quantity is to provide its object to the output stream:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-24-1"><a id="__codelineno-24-1" name="__codelineno-24-1" href="#__codelineno-24-1"></a><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QuantityOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">speed</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">avg_speed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">220.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-24-2"><a id="__codelineno-24-2" name="__codelineno-24-2" href="#__codelineno-24-2"></a><span class="k">const</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QuantityOf</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">speed</span><span class="o">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">auto</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">avg_speed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mf">140.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">mi</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-24-3"><a id="__codelineno-24-3" name="__codelineno-24-3" href="#__codelineno-24-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'\n'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 110 km/h</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-24-4"><a id="__codelineno-24-4" name="__codelineno-24-4" href="#__codelineno-24-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'\n'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 70 mi/h</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-24-5"><a id="__codelineno-24-5" name="__codelineno-24-5" href="#__codelineno-24-5"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">unit</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'\n'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// mi/h</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-24-6"><a id="__codelineno-24-6" name="__codelineno-24-6" href="#__codelineno-24-6"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dimension</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'\n'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// LT⁻¹</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>The text output will always print the value using the default formatting for this entity.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition important">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Important: Don't assume a unit</p>
|
||
<p>Remember that when we deal with a quantity of an "unknown" (e.g., <code>auto</code>) type, it is a good
|
||
practice to always <a href="../value_conversions/#value-conversions">convert the unit to the expected one</a>
|
||
before passing it to the text output:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-25-1"><a id="__codelineno-25-1" name="__codelineno-25-1" href="#__codelineno-25-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'\n'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 110 km/h</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-25-2"><a id="__codelineno-25-2" name="__codelineno-25-2" href="#__codelineno-25-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">v1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">force_in</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'\n'</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 30.5556 m/s</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="output-stream-formatting">Output stream formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#output-stream-formatting" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Only basic formatting can be applied to output streams. It includes control over width, fill,
|
||
and alignment.</p>
|
||
<p>The numerical value of the quantity will be printed according to the current stream state and standard
|
||
manipulators may be used to customize that (assuming that the underlying representation type
|
||
respects them).</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-26-1"><a id="__codelineno-26-1" name="__codelineno-26-1" href="#__codelineno-26-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"|"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">setw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"|</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// | 123 m|</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-26-2"><a id="__codelineno-26-2" name="__codelineno-26-2" href="#__codelineno-26-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"|"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">setw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">left</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"|</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// |123 m |</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-26-3"><a id="__codelineno-26-3" name="__codelineno-26-3" href="#__codelineno-26-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"|"</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">setw</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">setfill</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="sc">'*'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"|</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// |123 m*****|</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>To have more control over the formatting of the quantity that is printed with the output
|
||
stream just use <code>std::cout << std::format(...)</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h2 id="text-formatting">Text formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#text-formatting" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The library provides custom formatters for <code>std::format</code> facility, which allows fine-grained control
|
||
over what and how it is being printed in the text output.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition tip">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Tip</p>
|
||
<p>The text formatting facility support is opt-in and can be enabled by including the
|
||
<code><mp-units/format.h></code> header file.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="controlling-width-fill-and-alignment">Controlling width, fill, and alignment<a class="headerlink" href="#controlling-width-fill-and-alignment" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>Formatting grammar for all the entities provides control over width, fill, and alignment. The C++
|
||
standard grammar tokens <code>fill-and-align</code> and <code>width</code> are being used. They treat the entity as
|
||
a contiguous text to be aligned. For example, here are a few examples of the quantity numerical
|
||
value and symbol formatting:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-27-1"><a id="__codelineno-27-1" name="__codelineno-27-1" href="#__codelineno-27-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"|{:0}|"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// |123 m|</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-27-2"><a id="__codelineno-27-2" name="__codelineno-27-2" href="#__codelineno-27-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"|{:10}|"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// | 123 m|</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-27-3"><a id="__codelineno-27-3" name="__codelineno-27-3" href="#__codelineno-27-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"|{:<10}|"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// |123 m |</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-27-4"><a id="__codelineno-27-4" name="__codelineno-27-4" href="#__codelineno-27-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"|{:>10}|"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// | 123 m|</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-27-5"><a id="__codelineno-27-5" name="__codelineno-27-5" href="#__codelineno-27-5"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"|{:^10}|"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// | 123 m |</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-27-6"><a id="__codelineno-27-6" name="__codelineno-27-6" href="#__codelineno-27-6"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"|{:*<10}|"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// |123 m*****|</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-27-7"><a id="__codelineno-27-7" name="__codelineno-27-7" href="#__codelineno-27-7"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"|{:*>10}|"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// |*****123 m|</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-27-8"><a id="__codelineno-27-8" name="__codelineno-27-8" href="#__codelineno-27-8"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"|{:*^10}|"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// |**123 m***|</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>It is important to note that in the second line above, the quantity text is aligned to
|
||
the right by default, which is consistent with the formatting of numeric types. Units and dimensions behave
|
||
as text and, thus, are aligned to the left by default.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p><a href="https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/print"><code>std::println</code> is a C++23 facility</a>. In case we
|
||
do not have access to C++23, we can obtain the same output with:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-28-1"><a id="__codelineno-28-1" name="__codelineno-28-1" href="#__codelineno-28-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"<format-string></span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="o">></span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="dimension-formatting">Dimension formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#dimension-formatting" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="language-ebnf highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-29-1"><a id="__codelineno-29-1" name="__codelineno-29-1" href="#__codelineno-29-1"></a><span class="k">dimension-format-spec </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">fill-and-align</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">dimension-spec</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-29-2"><a id="__codelineno-29-2" name="__codelineno-29-2" href="#__codelineno-29-2"></a><span class="k">dimension-spec </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">text-encoding</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-29-3"><a id="__codelineno-29-3" name="__codelineno-29-3" href="#__codelineno-29-3"></a><span class="k">text-encoding </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'U'</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="s1">'P'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>In the above grammar:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>fill-and-align</code> and <code>width</code> tokens are defined in the <a href="https://wg21.link/format.string.std">format.string.std</a>
|
||
chapter of the C++ standard specification,</li>
|
||
<li><code>text-encoding</code> token specifies the symbol text encoding:<ul>
|
||
<li><code>U</code> (default) uses the <strong>UTF-8</strong> symbols defined by [@ISO80000] (e.g., <code>LT⁻²</code>),</li>
|
||
<li><code>P</code> forces non-standard <strong>portable</strong> output (e.g., <code>LT^-2</code>).</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Dimension symbols of some quantities are specified to use Unicode signs by the
|
||
<a href="../../../appendix/glossary/#isq">ISQ</a> (e.g., <code>Θ</code> symbol for the <em>thermodynamic temperature</em>
|
||
dimension). The library follows this by default. From the engineering point of view, sometimes
|
||
Unicode text might not be the best solution, as terminals of many (especially embedded) devices
|
||
can output only letters from the basic literal character set. In such a case, the dimension
|
||
symbol can be forced to be printed using such characters thanks to <code>text-encoding</code> token:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-30-1"><a id="__codelineno-30-1" name="__codelineno-30-1" href="#__codelineno-30-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">dim_thermodynamic_temperature</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Θ</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-30-2"><a id="__codelineno-30-2" name="__codelineno-30-2" href="#__codelineno-30-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:P}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">dim_thermodynamic_temperature</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// O</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-30-3"><a id="__codelineno-30-3" name="__codelineno-30-3" href="#__codelineno-30-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">power</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dimension</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// L²MT⁻³</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-30-4"><a id="__codelineno-30-4" name="__codelineno-30-4" href="#__codelineno-30-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:P}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">isq</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">power</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">dimension</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// L^2MT^-3</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<h3 id="unit-formatting">Unit formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#unit-formatting" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="language-ebnf highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-31-1"><a id="__codelineno-31-1" name="__codelineno-31-1" href="#__codelineno-31-1"></a><span class="k">unit-format-spec </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">fill-and-align</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-spec</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-31-2"><a id="__codelineno-31-2" name="__codelineno-31-2" href="#__codelineno-31-2"></a><span class="k">unit-spec </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">text-encoding</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-solidus</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-separator</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">L</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-31-3"><a id="__codelineno-31-3" name="__codelineno-31-3" href="#__codelineno-31-3"></a> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">text-encoding</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-separator</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-solidus</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">L</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-31-4"><a id="__codelineno-31-4" name="__codelineno-31-4" href="#__codelineno-31-4"></a> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-solidus</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">text-encoding</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-separator</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">L</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-31-5"><a id="__codelineno-31-5" name="__codelineno-31-5" href="#__codelineno-31-5"></a> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-solidus</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-separator</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">text-encoding</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">L</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-31-6"><a id="__codelineno-31-6" name="__codelineno-31-6" href="#__codelineno-31-6"></a> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-separator</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">text-encoding</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-solidus</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">L</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-31-7"><a id="__codelineno-31-7" name="__codelineno-31-7" href="#__codelineno-31-7"></a> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-separator</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">unit-symbol-solidus</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">text-encoding</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">L</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-31-8"><a id="__codelineno-31-8" name="__codelineno-31-8" href="#__codelineno-31-8"></a><span class="k">unit-symbol-solidus </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'1'</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="s1">'a'</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="s1">'n'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-31-9"><a id="__codelineno-31-9" name="__codelineno-31-9" href="#__codelineno-31-9"></a><span class="k">unit-symbol-separator </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'s'</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="s1">'d'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>In the above grammar:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>fill-and-align</code> and <code>width</code> tokens are defined in the <a href="https://wg21.link/format.string.std">format.string.std</a>
|
||
chapter of the C++ standard specification,</li>
|
||
<li><code>unit-symbol-solidus</code> token specifies how the division of units should look like:<ul>
|
||
<li>'1' (default) outputs <code>/</code> only when there is only <strong>one</strong> unit in the denominator, otherwise
|
||
negative exponents are printed (e.g., <code>m/s</code>, <code>kg m⁻¹ s⁻¹</code>)</li>
|
||
<li>'a' <strong>always</strong> uses solidus (e.g., <code>m/s</code>, <code>kg/(m s)</code>)</li>
|
||
<li>'n' <strong>never</strong> prints solidus, which means that negative exponents are always used
|
||
(e.g., <code>m s⁻¹</code>, <code>kg m⁻¹ s⁻¹</code>)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><code>unit-symbol-separator</code> token specifies how multiplied unit symbols should be separated:<ul>
|
||
<li>'s' (default) uses <strong>space</strong> as a separator (e.g., <code>kg m²/s²</code>)</li>
|
||
<li>'d' uses half-high <strong>dot</strong> (<code>⋅</code>) as a separator (e.g., <code>kg⋅m²/s²</code>) (requires the UTF-8 encoding)</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>'L' is reserved for possible future localization use in case the C++ standard library gets access to
|
||
the ICU-like database.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>The above grammar intended that the elements of <code>unit-spec</code> can appear in
|
||
any order as they have unique characters. Users shouldn't have to remember the order of those tokens
|
||
to control the formatting of a unit symbol.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>Unit symbols of some quantities are specified to use Unicode signs by the <a href="../../../appendix/glossary/#si">SI</a>
|
||
(e.g., <code>Ω</code> symbol for the <em>resistance</em> quantity). The library follows this by default. From the
|
||
engineering point of view, Unicode text might not be the best solution sometimes, as terminals
|
||
of many (especially embedded) devices can output only letters from the basic literal character set.
|
||
In such a case, the unit symbol can be forced to be printed using such characters thanks to
|
||
<code>text-encoding</code> token:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-32-1"><a id="__codelineno-32-1" name="__codelineno-32-1" href="#__codelineno-32-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">si</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ohm</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Ω</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-32-2"><a id="__codelineno-32-2" name="__codelineno-32-2" href="#__codelineno-32-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:P}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">si</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">ohm</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// ohm</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-32-3"><a id="__codelineno-32-3" name="__codelineno-32-3" href="#__codelineno-32-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">us</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// µs</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-32-4"><a id="__codelineno-32-4" name="__codelineno-32-4" href="#__codelineno-32-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:P}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">us</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// us</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-32-5"><a id="__codelineno-32-5" name="__codelineno-32-5" href="#__codelineno-32-5"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// m/s²</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-32-6"><a id="__codelineno-32-6" name="__codelineno-32-6" href="#__codelineno-32-6"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:P}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// m/s^2</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Additionally, both ISO 80000 and <a href="../../../appendix/glossary/#si">SI</a> leave some freedom on how to
|
||
print unit symbols. This is why two additional tokens were introduced.</p>
|
||
<p><code>unit-symbol-solidus</code> specifies how the division of units should look like. By default,
|
||
<code>/</code> will be used only when the denominator contains only one unit. However, with the 'a' or 'n'
|
||
options, we can force the facility to print the <code>/</code> character always (even when there are more units
|
||
in the denominator), or never, in which case a parenthesis will be added to enclose all denominator
|
||
units.</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-33-1"><a id="__codelineno-33-1" name="__codelineno-33-1" href="#__codelineno-33-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// m/s</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-33-2"><a id="__codelineno-33-2" name="__codelineno-33-2" href="#__codelineno-33-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// kg m⁻¹ s⁻²</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-33-3"><a id="__codelineno-33-3" name="__codelineno-33-3" href="#__codelineno-33-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:a}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// m/s</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-33-4"><a id="__codelineno-33-4" name="__codelineno-33-4" href="#__codelineno-33-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:a}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// kg/(m s²)</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-33-5"><a id="__codelineno-33-5" name="__codelineno-33-5" href="#__codelineno-33-5"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:n}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// m s⁻¹</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-33-6"><a id="__codelineno-33-6" name="__codelineno-33-6" href="#__codelineno-33-6"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:n}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// kg m⁻¹ s⁻²</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>Also, there are a few options to separate the units being multiplied. ISO 80000 (part 1) says:</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition quote">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">ISO 80000-1</p>
|
||
<p>When symbols for quantities are combined in a product of two or more quantities, this combination
|
||
is indicated in one of the following ways: <code>ab</code>, <code>a b</code>, <code>a · b</code>, <code>a × b</code></p>
|
||
<p><em>NOTE 1</em> In some fields, e.g., vector algebra, distinction is made between <code>a ∙ b</code> and <code>a × b</code>.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The library supports <code>a b</code> and <code>a · b</code> only. Additionally, we decided that the extraneous space
|
||
in the latter case makes the result too verbose, so we decided just to use the <code>·</code> symbol as
|
||
a separator.</p>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>Please let us know if you require more formatting options here.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>The <code>unit-symbol-separator</code> token allows us to obtain the following outputs:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-34-1"><a id="__codelineno-34-1" name="__codelineno-34-1" href="#__codelineno-34-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// kg m²/s²</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-34-2"><a id="__codelineno-34-2" name="__codelineno-34-2" href="#__codelineno-34-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{:d}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">kg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">s2</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// kg⋅m²/s²</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>'d' requires the UTF-8 encoding to be set.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h3 id="quantity-formatting">Quantity formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#quantity-formatting" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<div class="language-ebnf highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-35-1"><a id="__codelineno-35-1" name="__codelineno-35-1" href="#__codelineno-35-1"></a><span class="k">quantity-format-spec </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">fill-and-align</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">width</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">quantity-specs</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="k">defaults-specs</span><span class="p">];</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-2"><a id="__codelineno-35-2" name="__codelineno-35-2" href="#__codelineno-35-2"></a><span class="k">quantity-specs </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">conversion-spec</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-3"><a id="__codelineno-35-3" name="__codelineno-35-3" href="#__codelineno-35-3"></a> <span class="err">|</span> <span class="k">quantity-specs</span><span class="err">,</span> <span class="k">conversion-spec</span><span class="err">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-4"><a id="__codelineno-35-4" name="__codelineno-35-4" href="#__codelineno-35-4"></a> <span class="err">|</span> <span class="k">quantity-specs</span><span class="err">,</span> <span class="k">literal-char</span><span class="err">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-5"><a id="__codelineno-35-5" name="__codelineno-35-5" href="#__codelineno-35-5"></a><span class="k">literal-char </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="ni">? any character other than '{', '}', or '%' ?</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-6"><a id="__codelineno-35-6" name="__codelineno-35-6" href="#__codelineno-35-6"></a><span class="k">conversion-spec </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'%'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">placement-type</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-7"><a id="__codelineno-35-7" name="__codelineno-35-7" href="#__codelineno-35-7"></a><span class="k">placement-type </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">subentity-id </span><span class="p">|</span> <span class="s1">'?'</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="s1">'%'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-8"><a id="__codelineno-35-8" name="__codelineno-35-8" href="#__codelineno-35-8"></a><span class="k">defaults-specs </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">':'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">default-spec-list</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-9"><a id="__codelineno-35-9" name="__codelineno-35-9" href="#__codelineno-35-9"></a><span class="k">default-spec-list </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">default-spec</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-10"><a id="__codelineno-35-10" name="__codelineno-35-10" href="#__codelineno-35-10"></a> <span class="err">|</span> <span class="k">default-spec-list</span><span class="err">,</span> <span class="k">default-spec</span><span class="err">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-11"><a id="__codelineno-35-11" name="__codelineno-35-11" href="#__codelineno-35-11"></a><span class="k">default-spec </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">subentity-id</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'['</span> <span class="k">format-spec </span><span class="s1">']'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-12"><a id="__codelineno-35-12" name="__codelineno-35-12" href="#__codelineno-35-12"></a><span class="k">subentity-id </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'N'</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="s1">'U'</span> <span class="p">|</span> <span class="s1">'D'</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-35-13"><a id="__codelineno-35-13" name="__codelineno-35-13" href="#__codelineno-35-13"></a><span class="k">format-spec </span><span class="o">=</span> <span class="ni">? as specified by the formatter for the argument type ?</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>In the above grammar:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>fill-and-align</code> and <code>width</code> tokens are defined in the <a href="https://wg21.link/format.string.std">format.string.std</a>
|
||
chapter of the C++ standard specification,</li>
|
||
<li><code>placement-type</code> token specifies which entity should be put and where:<ul>
|
||
<li>'N' inserts a default-formatted numerical value of the quantity,</li>
|
||
<li>'U' inserts a default-formatted unit of the quantity,</li>
|
||
<li>'D' inserts a default-formatted dimension of the quantity,</li>
|
||
<li>'?' inserts an optional separator between the number and a unit based on the value of
|
||
<code>space_before_unit_symbol</code> for this unit,</li>
|
||
<li>'%' just inserts '%' character.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li><code>defaults-specs</code> token allows overwriting defaults for the underlying formatters with the custom
|
||
format string. Each override starts with a subentity identifier ('N', 'U', or 'D') followed by
|
||
the format string enclosed in square brackets.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4 id="default-formatting">Default formatting<a class="headerlink" href="#default-formatting" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>To format <code>quantity</code> values, the formatting facility uses <code>quantity-format-spec</code>. If left empty,
|
||
the default formatting is applied. The same default formatting is also applied to the output streams.
|
||
This is why the following code lines produce the same output:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-36-1"><a id="__codelineno-36-1" name="__codelineno-36-1" href="#__codelineno-36-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"Distance: "</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-36-2"><a id="__codelineno-36-2" name="__codelineno-36-2" href="#__codelineno-36-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Distance: {}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-36-3"><a id="__codelineno-36-3" name="__codelineno-36-3" href="#__codelineno-36-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">cout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o"><<</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">format</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Distance: {:%N%?%U}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">123</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="admonition note">
|
||
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
|
||
<p>For some quantities, the <code>{:%N %U}</code> format may provide a different output than the default one,
|
||
as some units have <code>space_before_unit_symbol</code> customization point explicitly set to <code>false</code>
|
||
(e.g., <code>%</code> and <code>°</code>).</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<h4 id="quantity-numerical-value-unit-symbol-or-both">Quantity numerical value, unit symbol, or both?<a class="headerlink" href="#quantity-numerical-value-unit-symbol-or-both" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>Thanks to the grammar provided above, the user can easily decide to either:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>print a whole quantity:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-37-1"><a id="__codelineno-37-1" name="__codelineno-37-1" href="#__codelineno-37-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Speed: {}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-38-1"><a id="__codelineno-38-1" name="__codelineno-38-1" href="#__codelineno-38-1"></a>Speed: 120 km/h
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>provide custom quantity formatting:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-39-1"><a id="__codelineno-39-1" name="__codelineno-39-1" href="#__codelineno-39-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Speed: {:%N in %U}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-40-1"><a id="__codelineno-40-1" name="__codelineno-40-1" href="#__codelineno-40-1"></a>Speed: 120 in km/h
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>provide custom formatting for components:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-41-1"><a id="__codelineno-41-1" name="__codelineno-41-1" href="#__codelineno-41-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Speed: {::N[.2f]U[n]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">100.</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">));</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-42-1"><a id="__codelineno-42-1" name="__codelineno-42-1" href="#__codelineno-42-1"></a>Speed: 33.33 km h⁻¹
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li>
|
||
<p>print only specific components (numerical value, unit, or dimension):</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-43-1"><a id="__codelineno-43-1" name="__codelineno-43-1" href="#__codelineno-43-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Speed:</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">- number: {0:%N}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">- unit: {0:%U}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">- dimension: {0:%D}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">120</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">km</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">/</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">h</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-44-1"><a id="__codelineno-44-1" name="__codelineno-44-1" href="#__codelineno-44-1"></a>Speed:
|
||
</span><span id="__span-44-2"><a id="__codelineno-44-2" name="__codelineno-44-2" href="#__codelineno-44-2"></a>- number: 120
|
||
</span><span id="__span-44-3"><a id="__codelineno-44-3" name="__codelineno-44-3" href="#__codelineno-44-3"></a>- unit: km/h
|
||
</span><span id="__span-44-4"><a id="__codelineno-44-4" name="__codelineno-44-4" href="#__codelineno-44-4"></a>- dimension: LT⁻¹
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4 id="formatting-of-the-quantity-numerical-value">Formatting of the quantity numerical value<a class="headerlink" href="#formatting-of-the-quantity-numerical-value" title="Permanent link">¶</a></h4>
|
||
<p>The representation type used as a numerical value of a quantity must provide its own formatter
|
||
specialization. It will be called by the quantity formatter with the format-spec provided
|
||
by the user in the <code>N</code> defaults specification.</p>
|
||
<p>In case we use C++ fundamental arithmetic types with our quantities the standard formatter
|
||
specified in <a href="https://wg21.link/format.string.std">format.string.std</a> will be used. The rest
|
||
of this chapter assumes that it is the case and provides some usage examples.</p>
|
||
<p><code>sign</code> token allows us to specify how the value's sign is being printed:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-45-1"><a id="__codelineno-45-1" name="__codelineno-45-1" href="#__codelineno-45-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{0},{0::N[+]},{0::N[-]},{0::N[ ]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1 m,+1 m,1 m, 1 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-45-2"><a id="__codelineno-45-2" name="__codelineno-45-2" href="#__codelineno-45-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{0},{0::N[+]},{0::N[-]},{0::N[ ]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">-1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// -1 m,-1 m,-1 m,-1 m</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>where:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>+</code> indicates that a sign should be used for both non-negative and negative numbers,</li>
|
||
<li><code>-</code> indicates that a sign should be used for negative numbers and negative zero only
|
||
(this is the default behavior),</li>
|
||
<li><code><space></code> indicates that a leading space should be used for non-negative numbers other
|
||
than negative zero, and a minus sign for negative numbers and negative zero.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><code>precision</code> token is allowed only for floating-point representation types:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-46-1"><a id="__codelineno-46-1" name="__codelineno-46-1" href="#__codelineno-46-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.0]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-46-2"><a id="__codelineno-46-2" name="__codelineno-46-2" href="#__codelineno-46-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.1]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-46-3"><a id="__codelineno-46-3" name="__codelineno-46-3" href="#__codelineno-46-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.2]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.2 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-46-4"><a id="__codelineno-46-4" name="__codelineno-46-4" href="#__codelineno-46-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.3]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-46-5"><a id="__codelineno-46-5" name="__codelineno-46-5" href="#__codelineno-46-5"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.0f]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-46-6"><a id="__codelineno-46-6" name="__codelineno-46-6" href="#__codelineno-46-6"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.1f]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.2 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-46-7"><a id="__codelineno-46-7" name="__codelineno-46-7" href="#__codelineno-46-7"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.2f]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23 m</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p><code>type</code> specifies how a value of the representation type is being printed.
|
||
For integral types:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-47-1"><a id="__codelineno-47-1" name="__codelineno-47-1" href="#__codelineno-47-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[b]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 101010 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-47-2"><a id="__codelineno-47-2" name="__codelineno-47-2" href="#__codelineno-47-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[B]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 101010 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-47-3"><a id="__codelineno-47-3" name="__codelineno-47-3" href="#__codelineno-47-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[d]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 42 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-47-4"><a id="__codelineno-47-4" name="__codelineno-47-4" href="#__codelineno-47-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[o]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 52 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-47-5"><a id="__codelineno-47-5" name="__codelineno-47-5" href="#__codelineno-47-5"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[x]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2a m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-47-6"><a id="__codelineno-47-6" name="__codelineno-47-6" href="#__codelineno-47-6"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[X]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 2A m</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>The above can be printed in an alternate version thanks to the <code>#</code> token:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-48-1"><a id="__codelineno-48-1" name="__codelineno-48-1" href="#__codelineno-48-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[#b]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 0b101010 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-48-2"><a id="__codelineno-48-2" name="__codelineno-48-2" href="#__codelineno-48-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[#B]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 0B101010 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-48-3"><a id="__codelineno-48-3" name="__codelineno-48-3" href="#__codelineno-48-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[#o]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 052 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-48-4"><a id="__codelineno-48-4" name="__codelineno-48-4" href="#__codelineno-48-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[#x]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 0x2a m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-48-5"><a id="__codelineno-48-5" name="__codelineno-48-5" href="#__codelineno-48-5"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[#X]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">42</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 0X2A m</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||
<p>For floating-point values, the <code>type</code> token works as follows:</p>
|
||
<div class="language-cpp highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-49-1"><a id="__codelineno-49-1" name="__codelineno-49-1" href="#__codelineno-49-1"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[a]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.3c0ca2a5b1d5dp+0 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-2"><a id="__codelineno-49-2" name="__codelineno-49-2" href="#__codelineno-49-2"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.3a]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.3c1p+0 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-3"><a id="__codelineno-49-3" name="__codelineno-49-3" href="#__codelineno-49-3"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[A]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.3C0CA2A5B1D5DP+0 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-4"><a id="__codelineno-49-4" name="__codelineno-49-4" href="#__codelineno-49-4"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.3A]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.3C1P+0 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-5"><a id="__codelineno-49-5" name="__codelineno-49-5" href="#__codelineno-49-5"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[e]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.234568e+00 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-6"><a id="__codelineno-49-6" name="__codelineno-49-6" href="#__codelineno-49-6"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.3e]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.235e+00 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-7"><a id="__codelineno-49-7" name="__codelineno-49-7" href="#__codelineno-49-7"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[E]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.234568E+00 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-8"><a id="__codelineno-49-8" name="__codelineno-49-8" href="#__codelineno-49-8"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.3E]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.235E+00 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-9"><a id="__codelineno-49-9" name="__codelineno-49-9" href="#__codelineno-49-9"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[g]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23457 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-10"><a id="__codelineno-49-10" name="__codelineno-49-10" href="#__codelineno-49-10"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[g]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678e8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23457e+08 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-11"><a id="__codelineno-49-11" name="__codelineno-49-11" href="#__codelineno-49-11"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.3g]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-12"><a id="__codelineno-49-12" name="__codelineno-49-12" href="#__codelineno-49-12"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.3g]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678e8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23e+08 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-13"><a id="__codelineno-49-13" name="__codelineno-49-13" href="#__codelineno-49-13"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[G]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23457 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-14"><a id="__codelineno-49-14" name="__codelineno-49-14" href="#__codelineno-49-14"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[G]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678e8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23457E+08 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-15"><a id="__codelineno-49-15" name="__codelineno-49-15" href="#__codelineno-49-15"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.3G]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23 m</span>
|
||
</span><span id="__span-49-16"><a id="__codelineno-49-16" name="__codelineno-49-16" href="#__codelineno-49-16"></a><span class="n">std</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="n">println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"{::N[.3G]}"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mf">1.2345678e8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">m</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// 1.23E+08 m</span>
|
||
</span></code></pre></div>
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