C++: fix built-in code model to work with shared_ptr on MSVC 2017

These changes target Find Usages feature to work with shared_ptr.
Improve libs/3rdparty/cplusplus and plugins/cplusplus:
parse __declspec() attribute,
call to variadic function template without specified template arguments,
if constexpr,
c++11 attributes [[value]],
function templates with default parameters,
resolve order for function vs template with default parameter,
template operator->() with default arguments,
template specialization with numeric values,
find best partial specialization,
fix partial specialization for non-first specialized argument

Fixes: QTCREATORBUG-7866
Fixes: QTCREATORBUG-20781
Fixes: QTCREATORBUG-22857
Fixes: QTCREATORBUG-17825
Change-Id: I31a080f7729edfb2ee9650f1aff48daeba5a673b
Reviewed-by: Christian Kandeler <christian.kandeler@qt.io>
Reviewed-by: Nikolai Kosjar <pinaceae.pinus@gmail.com>

src/libs/3rdparty/cplusplus/Bind.cpp

@@ -918,6 +918,19 @@ void Bind::parameterDeclarationClause(ParameterDeclarationClauseAST *ast, int lp
 
     for (ParameterDeclarationListAST *it = ast->parameter_declaration_list; it; it = it->next) {
         this->declaration(it->value);
+
+        // Check for '...' in last parameter declarator for variadic template
+        // (i.e. template<class ... T> void foo(T ... args);)
+        // those last dots are part of parameter declarator, not the parameter declaration clause
+        if (! it->next
+            && it->value->declarator != nullptr
+            && it->value->declarator->core_declarator != nullptr){
+            DeclaratorIdAST* declId = it->value->declarator->core_declarator->asDeclaratorId();
+            if (declId && declId->dot_dot_dot_token != 0){
+                fun->setVariadic(true);
+                fun->setVariadicTemplate(true);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     if (ast->dot_dot_dot_token)
@@ -2767,10 +2780,27 @@ bool Bind::visit(DestructorNameAST *ast)
 bool Bind::visit(TemplateIdAST *ast)
 {
     // collect the template parameters
-    std::vector<FullySpecifiedType> templateArguments;
+    std::vector<TemplateArgument> templateArguments;
     for (ExpressionListAST *it = ast->template_argument_list; it; it = it->next) {
         ExpressionTy value = this->expression(it->value);
-        templateArguments.push_back(value);
+        if (value.isValid()) {
+            templateArguments.emplace_back(value);
+        } else {
+            // special case for numeric values
+            if (it->value->asNumericLiteral()) {
+                templateArguments
+                    .emplace_back(value,
+                                  tokenAt(it->value->asNumericLiteral()->literal_token).number);
+            } else if (it->value->asBoolLiteral()) {
+                templateArguments
+                    .emplace_back(value, tokenAt(it->value->asBoolLiteral()->literal_token).number);
+            } else {
+                // fall back to non-valid type in templateArguments
+                // for ast->template_argument_list and templateArguments sizes match
+                // TODO support other literals/expressions as default arguments
+                templateArguments.emplace_back(value);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     const Identifier *id = identifier(ast->identifier_token);
@@ -3014,6 +3044,22 @@ bool Bind::visit(GnuAttributeSpecifierAST *ast)
     return false;
 }
 
+bool Bind::visit(MsvcDeclspecSpecifierAST *ast)
+{
+    for (GnuAttributeListAST *it = ast->attribute_list; it; it = it->next) {
+        this->attribute(it->value);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool Bind::visit(StdAttributeSpecifierAST *ast)
+{
+    for (GnuAttributeListAST *it = ast->attribute_list; it; it = it->next) {
+        this->attribute(it->value);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 bool Bind::visit(TypeofSpecifierAST *ast)
 {
     ExpressionTy expression = this->expression(ast->expression);