diff --git a/fmt/format.cc b/fmt/format.cc
index e759084b..bd12cb9b 100644
--- a/fmt/format.cc
+++ b/fmt/format.cc
@@ -58,9 +58,11 @@
 # define FMT_CATCH(x) if (false)
 #endif
 
+#ifdef __GNUC__
 // Disable the warning about declaration shadowing because it affects too
 // many valid cases.
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+# pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wshadow"
+#endif
 
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 # pragma warning(push)
diff --git a/fmt/format.h b/fmt/format.h
index 7110827e..37a19c92 100644
--- a/fmt/format.h
+++ b/fmt/format.h
@@ -3263,10 +3263,16 @@ template <typename Char>
 struct arg_ref {
   enum Kind { NONE, INDEX, NAME };
 
-  arg_ref() : kind(NONE) {}
+  constexpr arg_ref() : kind(NONE), index(0) {}
   explicit arg_ref(unsigned index) : kind(INDEX), index(index) {}
   explicit arg_ref(basic_string_view<Char> name) : kind(NAME), name(name) {}
 
+  constexpr arg_ref &operator=(unsigned index) {
+    kind = INDEX;
+    this->index = index;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
   Kind kind;
   union {
     unsigned index;
@@ -3361,13 +3367,14 @@ constexpr Iterator parse_arg_id(Iterator it, Handler& handler) {
 //     characters, possibly emulated via null_terminating_iterator, representing
 //     format specifiers.
 template <typename Iterator, typename Handler>
-Iterator parse_format_specs(Iterator it, Handler &handler) {
+constexpr Iterator parse_format_specs(Iterator it, Handler &handler) {
   using char_type = typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type;
   // Parse fill and alignment.
   if (char_type c = *it) {
-    auto p = it + 1;
     alignment align = ALIGN_DEFAULT;
+    int i = 1;
     do {
+      auto p = it + i;
       switch (*p) {
         case '<':
           align = ALIGN_LEFT;
@@ -3395,7 +3402,7 @@ Iterator parse_format_specs(Iterator it, Handler &handler) {
         } else ++it;
         break;
       }
-    } while (--p >= it);
+    } while (--i >= 0);
   }
 
   // Parse sign.
@@ -3430,15 +3437,15 @@ Iterator parse_format_specs(Iterator it, Handler &handler) {
     handler.on_width(parse_nonnegative_int(it));
   } else if (*it == '{') {
     struct width_handler {
-      explicit width_handler(Handler &h) : handler(h) {}
+      explicit constexpr width_handler(Handler &h) : handler(h) {}
 
-      void operator()() { handler.on_dynamic_width(auto_id()); }
-      void operator()(unsigned id) { handler.on_dynamic_width(id); }
-      void operator()(basic_string_view<char_type> id) {
+      constexpr void operator()() { handler.on_dynamic_width(auto_id()); }
+      constexpr void operator()(unsigned id) { handler.on_dynamic_width(id); }
+      constexpr void operator()(basic_string_view<char_type> id) {
         handler.on_dynamic_width(id);
       }
 
-      void on_error(const char *message) {
+      constexpr void on_error(const char *message) {
         handler.on_error(message);
       }
 
@@ -3458,15 +3465,17 @@ Iterator parse_format_specs(Iterator it, Handler &handler) {
       handler.on_precision(parse_nonnegative_int(it));
     } else if (*it == '{') {
       struct precision_handler {
-        explicit precision_handler(Handler &h) : handler(h) {}
+        explicit constexpr precision_handler(Handler &h) : handler(h) {}
 
-        void operator()() { handler.on_dynamic_precision(auto_id()); }
-        void operator()(unsigned id) { handler.on_dynamic_precision(id); }
-        void operator()(basic_string_view<char_type> id) {
+        constexpr void operator()() { handler.on_dynamic_precision(auto_id()); }
+        constexpr void operator()(unsigned id) {
+          handler.on_dynamic_precision(id);
+        }
+        constexpr void operator()(basic_string_view<char_type> id) {
           handler.on_dynamic_precision(id);
         }
 
-        void on_error(const char *message) {
+        constexpr void on_error(const char *message) {
           handler.on_error(message);
         }
 
diff --git a/test/format-test.cc b/test/format-test.cc
index a857f7ed..f0c71b9a 100644
--- a/test/format-test.cc
+++ b/test/format-test.cc
@@ -1582,7 +1582,7 @@ TEST(FormatTest, DynamicFormatter) {
       format_error, "precision not allowed in integer format specifier");
 }
 
-struct TestHandler {
+struct TestArgIDHandler {
   enum Result { NONE, EMPTY, INDEX, NAME, ERROR };
   Result result = NONE;
   unsigned index = 0;
@@ -1603,18 +1603,77 @@ struct TestHandler {
   constexpr void on_error(const char *) { result = ERROR; }
 };
 
-constexpr TestHandler parse_arg_id(const char* id) {
-  TestHandler h;
-  fmt::internal::parse_arg_id(id, h);
+constexpr TestArgIDHandler parse_arg_id(const char* s) {
+  TestArgIDHandler h;
+  fmt::internal::parse_arg_id(s, h);
   return h;
 }
 
-TEST(FormatTest, ConstexprParseArgId) {
-  static_assert(parse_arg_id(":").result == TestHandler::EMPTY, "");
-  static_assert(parse_arg_id("}").result == TestHandler::EMPTY, "");
-  static_assert(parse_arg_id("42:").result == TestHandler::INDEX, "");
+TEST(FormatTest, ConstexprParseArgID) {
+  static_assert(parse_arg_id(":").result == TestArgIDHandler::EMPTY, "");
+  static_assert(parse_arg_id("}").result == TestArgIDHandler::EMPTY, "");
+  static_assert(parse_arg_id("42:").result == TestArgIDHandler::INDEX, "");
   static_assert(parse_arg_id("42:").index == 42, "");
-  static_assert(parse_arg_id("foo:").result == TestHandler::NAME, "");
+  static_assert(parse_arg_id("foo:").result == TestArgIDHandler::NAME, "");
   static_assert(parse_arg_id("foo:").name.size() == 3, "");
-  static_assert(parse_arg_id("!").result == TestHandler::ERROR, "");
+  static_assert(parse_arg_id("!").result == TestArgIDHandler::ERROR, "");
+}
+
+struct TestFormatSpecsHandler {
+  enum Result { NONE, PLUS, MINUS, SPACE, HASH, ZERO, ERROR };
+  Result result = NONE;
+
+  fmt::alignment align = fmt::ALIGN_DEFAULT;
+  char fill = 0;
+  unsigned width = 0;
+  fmt::internal::arg_ref<char> width_ref;
+  unsigned precision = 0;
+  fmt::internal::arg_ref<char> precision_ref;
+  char type = 0;
+
+  constexpr void on_align(fmt::alignment align) { this->align = align; }
+  constexpr void on_fill(char fill) { this->fill = fill; }
+  constexpr void on_plus() { result = PLUS; }
+  constexpr void on_minus() { result = MINUS; }
+  constexpr void on_space() { result = SPACE; }
+  constexpr void on_hash() { result = HASH; }
+  constexpr void on_zero() { result = ZERO; }
+
+  constexpr void on_width(unsigned width) { this->width = width; }
+  constexpr void on_dynamic_width(fmt::internal::auto_id) {}
+  constexpr void on_dynamic_width(unsigned index) { width_ref = index; }
+  constexpr void on_dynamic_width(string_view) {}
+
+  constexpr void on_precision(unsigned precision) {
+    this->precision = precision;
+  }
+  constexpr void on_dynamic_precision(fmt::internal::auto_id) {}
+  constexpr void on_dynamic_precision(unsigned index) { precision_ref = index; }
+  constexpr void on_dynamic_precision(string_view) {}
+
+  constexpr void end_precision() {}
+  constexpr void on_type(char type) { this->type = type; }
+  constexpr void on_error(const char *) { result = ERROR; }
+};
+
+constexpr TestFormatSpecsHandler parse_specs(const char *s) {
+  TestFormatSpecsHandler h;
+  fmt::internal::parse_format_specs(s, h);
+  return h;
+}
+
+TEST(FormatTest, ConstexprParseFormatSpecs) {
+  static_assert(parse_specs("<").align == fmt::ALIGN_LEFT, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs("*^").fill == '*', "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs("+").result == TestFormatSpecsHandler::PLUS, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs("-").result == TestFormatSpecsHandler::MINUS, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs(" ").result == TestFormatSpecsHandler::SPACE, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs("#").result == TestFormatSpecsHandler::HASH, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs("0").result == TestFormatSpecsHandler::ZERO, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs("42").width == 42, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs("{42}").width_ref.index == 42, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs(".42").precision == 42, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs(".{42}").precision_ref.index == 42, "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs("d").type == 'd', "");
+  static_assert(parse_specs("{<").result == TestFormatSpecsHandler::ERROR, "");
 }