Allow MQTT device based auto discovery (#109030)

* Add MQTT device based auto discovery

* Respect override of component options over shared ones

* Add state_topic, command_topic, qos and encoding as shared options

* Add shared option test

* Rename device.py to schemas.py

* Remove unused legacy `platform` attribute to avoid confusion

* Split validation device and origin info

* Require `origin` info on device based discovery

* Log origin info for only once for device discovery

* Fix tests and linters

* ruff

* speed up _replace_all_abbreviations

* Fix imports and merging errors - add slots attr

* Fix unrelated const changes

* More unrelated changes

* join string

* fix merge

* Undo move

* Adjust logger statement

* fix task storm to load platforms

* Revert "fix task storm to load platforms"

This reverts commit 8f12a5f251.

* bail if logging is disabled

* Correct mixup object_id and node_id

* Auto migrate entities to device discovery

* Add device discovery test for device_trigger

* Add migration support for non entity platforms

* Use helper to remove discovery payload

* Fix tests after update branch

* Add discovery migration test

* Refactor

* Repair after rebase

* Fix discovery is broken after migration

* Improve comments

* More comment improvements

* Split long lines

* Add comment to indicate payload dict can be empty

* typo

* Add walrus and update comment

* Add tag to migration test

* Join try blocks

* Refactor

* Cleanup not used attribute

* Refactor

* Move _replace_all_abbreviations out of try block

---------

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>

tests/components/mqtt/test_init.py

@@ -3162,7 +3162,6 @@ async def test_mqtt_ws_get_device_debug_info(
     }
     data_sensor = json.dumps(config_sensor)
     data_trigger = json.dumps(config_trigger)
-    config_sensor["platform"] = config_trigger["platform"] = mqtt.DOMAIN
 
     async_fire_mqtt_message(hass, "homeassistant/sensor/bla/config", data_sensor)
     async_fire_mqtt_message(
@@ -3219,7 +3218,6 @@ async def test_mqtt_ws_get_device_debug_info_binary(
         "unique_id": "unique",
     }
     data = json.dumps(config)
-    config["platform"] = mqtt.DOMAIN
 
     async_fire_mqtt_message(hass, "homeassistant/camera/bla/config", data)
     await hass.async_block_till_done()