diff --git a/src/core/include/mp-units/bits/hacks.h b/src/core/include/mp-units/bits/hacks.h
index f1d9b837..f8522059 100644
--- a/src/core/include/mp-units/bits/hacks.h
+++ b/src/core/include/mp-units/bits/hacks.h
@@ -90,6 +90,20 @@
 
 #endif
 
+
+#if !defined __cpp_lib_ranges_to_container
+
+namespace std {
+
+struct from_range_t {
+  explicit from_range_t() = default;
+};
+inline constexpr from_range_t from_range{};
+
+}  // namespace std
+
+#endif
+
 #if defined MP_UNITS_COMP_CLANG && MP_UNITS_COMP_CLANG < 17
 
 #define MP_UNITS_CONSTEVAL constexpr
diff --git a/src/core/include/mp-units/ext/algorithm.h b/src/core/include/mp-units/ext/algorithm.h
index 1d5a7d67..3aa460b8 100644
--- a/src/core/include/mp-units/ext/algorithm.h
+++ b/src/core/include/mp-units/ext/algorithm.h
@@ -72,45 +72,6 @@ constexpr bool all_of(InputIt first, InputIt last, UnaryPred p)
   return find_if_not(first, last, p) == last;
 }
 
-template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2>
-constexpr bool equal(InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1, InputIt2 first2)
-{
-  for (; first1 != last1; ++first1, ++first2) {
-    if (!(*first1 == *first2)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-
-template<class I1, class I2, class Cmp>
-constexpr auto lexicographical_compare_three_way(I1 first1, I1 last1, I2 first2, I2 last2, Cmp comp)
-  -> decltype(comp(*first1, *first2))
-{
-  using ret_t = decltype(comp(*first1, *first2));
-  static_assert(std::disjunction_v<std::is_same<ret_t, std::strong_ordering>, std::is_same<ret_t, std::weak_ordering>,
-                                   std::is_same<ret_t, std::partial_ordering>>,
-                "The return type must be a comparison category type.");
-
-  bool exhaust1 = (first1 == last1);
-  bool exhaust2 = (first2 == last2);
-  MP_UNITS_DIAGNOSTIC_PUSH
-  MP_UNITS_DIAGNOSTIC_IGNORE_ZERO_AS_NULLPOINTER_CONSTANT
-  for (; !exhaust1 && !exhaust2; exhaust1 = (++first1 == last1), exhaust2 = (++first2 == last2))
-    if (auto c = comp(*first1, *first2); c != 0) return c;
-  MP_UNITS_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
-
-  if (!exhaust1) return std::strong_ordering::greater;
-  if (!exhaust2) return std::strong_ordering::less;
-  return std::strong_ordering::equal;
-}
-
-template<class I1, class I2>
-constexpr auto lexicographical_compare_three_way(I1 first1, I1 last1, I2 first2, I2 last2)
-{
-  return ::mp_units::detail::lexicographical_compare_three_way(first1, last1, first2, last2, std::compare_three_way());
-}
-
 template<class ForwardIt>
 constexpr ForwardIt max_element(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last)
 {
diff --git a/src/core/include/mp-units/ext/fixed_string.h b/src/core/include/mp-units/ext/fixed_string.h
index 8dac2822..80165c3f 100644
--- a/src/core/include/mp-units/ext/fixed_string.h
+++ b/src/core/include/mp-units/ext/fixed_string.h
@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@
 // NOLINTBEGIN(*-avoid-c-arrays)
 #pragma once
 
-// TODO use <algorithm> when moved to C++20 modules (parsing takes too long for each translation unit)
+#include <mp-units/bits/hacks.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include <mp-units/bits/module_macros.h>
 #include <mp-units/compat_macros.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
-#include <mp-units/ext/algorithm.h>
+#include <mp-units/ext/type_traits.h>
 
 #ifndef MP_UNITS_IN_MODULE_INTERFACE
 #include <gsl/gsl-lite.hpp>
@@ -49,22 +49,34 @@ namespace mp_units {
  * @tparam CharT Character type to be used by the string
  * @tparam N The size of the string
  */
-template<typename CharT, std::size_t N>
-struct basic_fixed_string {
-  CharT data_[N + 1] = {};
+template<typename CharT, std::size_t N, typename Traits = std::char_traits<CharT>>
+class basic_fixed_string {
+public:
+  CharT data_[N + 1] = {};  // exposition only
 
+  // types
+  using traits_type = Traits;
   using value_type = CharT;
-  using pointer = CharT*;
-  using const_pointer = const CharT*;
-  using reference = CharT&;
-  using const_reference = const CharT&;
-  using const_iterator = const CharT*;
+  using pointer = value_type*;
+  using const_pointer = const value_type*;
+  using reference = value_type&;
+  using const_reference = const value_type&;
+  using const_iterator = const value_type*;
   using iterator = const_iterator;
+  using const_reverse_iterator = std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>;
+  using reverse_iterator = const_reverse_iterator;
   using size_type = std::size_t;
   using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
 
+  // construction and assignment
+  template<std::convertible_to<CharT>... Chars>
+    requires(sizeof...(Chars) == N) && (... && !std::is_pointer_v<Chars>)
+  constexpr explicit basic_fixed_string(Chars... chars) noexcept : data_{chars..., CharT{}}
+  {
+  }
+
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(google-explicit-constructor, hicpp-explicit-conversions)
-  constexpr explicit(false) basic_fixed_string(const CharT (&txt)[N + 1]) noexcept
+  consteval explicit(false) basic_fixed_string(const CharT (&txt)[N + 1])
   {
     gsl_Expects(txt[N] == CharT{});
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i) data_[i] = txt[i];
@@ -72,98 +84,195 @@ struct basic_fixed_string {
 
   template<std::input_iterator It, std::sentinel_for<It> S>
     requires std::convertible_to<std::iter_value_t<It>, CharT>
-  constexpr explicit basic_fixed_string(It first, S last) noexcept
+  constexpr explicit basic_fixed_string(It begin, S end)
   {
-    gsl_Expects(std::distance(first, last) == N);
-    for (auto it = data_; first != last; ++first, ++it) *it = *first;
+    gsl_Expects(std::distance(begin, end) == N);
+    for (auto it = data_; begin != end; ++begin, ++it) *it = *begin;
   }
 
-  template<std::convertible_to<CharT>... Rest>
-    requires(1 + sizeof...(Rest) == N)
-  constexpr explicit basic_fixed_string(CharT first, Rest... rest) noexcept : data_{first, rest..., CharT{}}
+  template<std::ranges::input_range R>
+    requires std::convertible_to<std::ranges::range_reference_t<R>, CharT>
+  constexpr explicit basic_fixed_string(std::from_range_t, R&& r)
   {
+    gsl_Expects(std::ranges::size(r) == N);
+    for (auto it = data_; auto&& v : std::forward<R>(r)) *it++ = std::forward<decltype(v)>(v);
   }
 
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return N == 0; }
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return N; }
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_pointer data() const noexcept { return static_cast<const_pointer>(data_); }
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const CharT* c_str() const noexcept { return data(); }
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr value_type operator[](size_type index) const noexcept
-  {
-    gsl_Expects(index < N);
-    return data()[index];
-  }
+  constexpr basic_fixed_string(const basic_fixed_string&) noexcept = default;
+  constexpr basic_fixed_string& operator=(const basic_fixed_string&) noexcept = default;
 
+  // iterator support
   [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_iterator begin() const noexcept { return data(); }
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept { return data(); }
   [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_iterator end() const noexcept { return data() + size(); }
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept { return data() + size(); }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_iterator cbegin() const noexcept { return begin(); }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_iterator cend() const noexcept { return end(); }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const noexcept { return const_reverse_iterator(end()); }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reverse_iterator rend() const noexcept { return const_reverse_iterator(begin()); }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const noexcept { return rbegin(); }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reverse_iterator crend() const noexcept { return rend(); }
 
-  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(*-explicit-conversions, google-explicit-constructor)
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr explicit(false) operator std::basic_string_view<CharT>() const noexcept
+  // capacity
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr size_type size() const noexcept { return N; }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr size_type length() const noexcept { return size(); }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr size_type max_size() const noexcept { return size(); }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool empty() const noexcept { return size() == 0; }
+
+  // element access
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reference operator[](size_type pos) const
   {
-    return std::basic_string_view<CharT>(cbegin(), cend());
+    gsl_Expects(pos < N);
+    return data()[pos];
+  }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reference at(size_type pos) const
+  {
+    if (pos >= size()) throw std::out_of_range("basic_fixed_string::at");
+    return (*this)[pos];
+  }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reference front() const
+  {
+    gsl_Expects(!empty());
+    return (*this)[0];
+  }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_reference back() const
+  {
+    gsl_Expects(!empty());
+    return (*this)[N - 1];
+  }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_pointer data() const noexcept { return static_cast<const_pointer>(data_); }
+
+  // modifiers
+  constexpr void swap(basic_fixed_string& s) noexcept { std::swap_ranges(begin(), end(), s.begin()); }
+
+  // string operations
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr const_pointer c_str() const noexcept { return data(); }
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits> view() const noexcept
+  {
+    return std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>(cbegin(), cend());
+  }
+  // NOLINTNEXTLINE(*-explicit-conversions, google-explicit-constructor)
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr explicit(false) operator std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>() const noexcept
+  {
+    return view();
   }
 
   template<std::size_t N2>
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr friend basic_fixed_string<CharT, N + N2> operator+(
-    const basic_fixed_string& lhs, const basic_fixed_string<CharT, N2>& rhs) noexcept
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr friend basic_fixed_string<CharT, N + N2, Traits> operator+(
+    const basic_fixed_string& lhs, const basic_fixed_string<CharT, N2, Traits>& rhs) noexcept
   {
-    CharT txt[N + N2 + 1] = {};
-
+    CharT txt[N + N2] = {};
     for (size_t i = 0; i != N; ++i) txt[i] = lhs[i];
     for (size_t i = 0; i != N2; ++i) txt[N + i] = rhs[i];
-
-    return basic_fixed_string<CharT, N + N2>(txt);
+    return basic_fixed_string<CharT, N + N2, Traits>(std::begin(txt), std::end(txt));
   }
 
-  [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const basic_fixed_string&) const = default;
-
-  template<std::size_t N2>
-  [[nodiscard]] friend constexpr bool operator==(const basic_fixed_string&, const basic_fixed_string<CharT, N2>&)
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr friend basic_fixed_string<CharT, N + 1, Traits> operator+(const basic_fixed_string& lhs,
+                                                                                    CharT rhs) noexcept
   {
-    return false;
+    CharT txt[N + 1] = {};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != N; ++i) txt[i] = lhs[i];
+    txt[N] = rhs;
+    return basic_fixed_string<CharT, N + 1, Traits>(std::begin(txt), std::end(txt));
+  }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] constexpr friend basic_fixed_string<CharT, 1 + N, Traits> operator+(
+    const CharT lhs, const basic_fixed_string& rhs) noexcept
+  {
+    CharT txt[1 + N] = {lhs};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != N; ++i) txt[1 + i] = rhs[i];
+    return basic_fixed_string<CharT, 1 + N, Traits>(std::begin(txt), std::end(txt));
   }
 
   template<std::size_t N2>
+  [[nodiscard]] consteval friend basic_fixed_string<CharT, N + N2 - 1, Traits> operator+(
+    const basic_fixed_string& lhs, const CharT (&rhs)[N2]) noexcept
+  {
+    CharT txt[N + N2 - 1] = {};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != N; ++i) txt[i] = lhs[i];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != N2 - 1; ++i) txt[N + i] = rhs[i];
+    return basic_fixed_string<CharT, N + N2 - 1, Traits>(std::begin(txt), std::end(txt));
+  }
+
+  template<std::size_t N1>
+  [[nodiscard]] consteval friend basic_fixed_string<CharT, N1 + N - 1, Traits> operator+(
+    const CharT (&lhs)[N1], const basic_fixed_string& rhs) noexcept
+  {
+    CharT txt[N1 + N - 1] = {};
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != N1 - 1; ++i) txt[i] = lhs[i];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != N; ++i) txt[N1 - 1 + i] = rhs[i];
+    return basic_fixed_string<CharT, N1 + N - 1, Traits>(std::begin(txt), std::end(txt));
+  }
+
+  // non-member comparison functions
+  template<size_t N2>
+  [[nodiscard]] friend constexpr bool operator==(const basic_fixed_string& lhs,
+                                                 const basic_fixed_string<CharT, N2, Traits>& rhs)
+  {
+    return lhs.view() == rhs.view();
+  }
+  template<size_t N2>
+  [[nodiscard]] friend consteval bool operator==(const basic_fixed_string& lhs, const CharT (&rhs)[N2])
+  {
+    return lhs.view() == std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>(std::cbegin(rhs), std::cend(rhs) - 1);
+  }
+
+  template<size_t N2>
   [[nodiscard]] friend constexpr auto operator<=>(const basic_fixed_string& lhs,
-                                                  const basic_fixed_string<CharT, N2>& rhs)
+                                                  const basic_fixed_string<CharT, N2, Traits>& rhs)
   {
-    // TODO std::lexicographical_compare_three_way(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
-    return detail::lexicographical_compare_three_way(lhs.begin(), lhs.end(), rhs.begin(), rhs.end());
+    return lhs.view() <=> rhs.view();
+  }
+  template<size_t N2>
+  [[nodiscard]] friend consteval auto operator<=>(const basic_fixed_string& lhs, const CharT (&rhs)[N2])
+  {
+    return lhs.view() <=> std::basic_string_view<CharT, Traits>(std::cbegin(rhs), std::cend(rhs) - 1);
   }
 
-  template<typename Traits>
+  // inserters and extractors
   friend std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& operator<<(std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>& os,
-                                                       const basic_fixed_string<CharT, N>& str)
+                                                       const basic_fixed_string& str)
   {
     return os << str.c_str();
   }
 };
 
+// deduction guides
+template<one_of<char, char8_t, char16_t, char32_t, wchar_t> CharT, std::convertible_to<CharT>... Rest>
+basic_fixed_string(CharT, Rest...) -> basic_fixed_string<CharT, 1 + sizeof...(Rest)>;
+
 template<typename CharT, std::size_t N>
 basic_fixed_string(const CharT (&str)[N]) -> basic_fixed_string<CharT, N - 1>;
 
-template<typename CharT, std::convertible_to<CharT>... Rest>
-basic_fixed_string(CharT, Rest...) -> basic_fixed_string<CharT, 1 + sizeof...(Rest)>;
+template<one_of<char, char8_t, char16_t, char32_t, wchar_t> CharT, std::size_t N>
+basic_fixed_string(std::from_range_t, std::array<CharT, N>) -> basic_fixed_string<CharT, N>;
 
+// typedef-names
 template<std::size_t N>
 using fixed_string = basic_fixed_string<char, N>;
-
+template<std::size_t N>
+using fixed_u8string = basic_fixed_string<char8_t, N>;
+template<std::size_t N>
+using fixed_u16string = basic_fixed_string<char16_t, N>;
+template<std::size_t N>
+using fixed_u32string = basic_fixed_string<char32_t, N>;
 template<std::size_t N>
 using fixed_wstring = basic_fixed_string<wchar_t, N>;
 
-template<std::size_t N>
-using fixed_u8string = basic_fixed_string<char8_t, N>;
-
-template<std::size_t N>
-using fixed_u16string = basic_fixed_string<char16_t, N>;
-
-template<std::size_t N>
-using fixed_u32string = basic_fixed_string<char32_t, N>;
-
 }  // namespace mp_units
 
+// hash support
+template<std::size_t N>
+struct std::hash<mp_units::fixed_string<N>> : std::hash<std::string_view> {};
+template<std::size_t N>
+struct std::hash<mp_units::fixed_u8string<N>> : std::hash<std::u8string_view> {};
+template<std::size_t N>
+struct std::hash<mp_units::fixed_u16string<N>> : std::hash<std::u16string_view> {};
+template<std::size_t N>
+struct std::hash<mp_units::fixed_u32string<N>> : std::hash<std::u32string_view> {};
+template<std::size_t N>
+struct std::hash<mp_units::fixed_wstring<N>> : std::hash<std::wstring_view> {};
+
+// formatting support
 template<typename CharT, std::size_t N>
 struct MP_UNITS_STD_FMT::formatter<mp_units::basic_fixed_string<CharT, N>> : formatter<std::basic_string_view<CharT>> {
   template<typename FormatContext>
diff --git a/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/dimension.h b/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/dimension.h
index 770194b9..a708afc2 100644
--- a/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/dimension.h
+++ b/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/dimension.h
@@ -328,8 +328,7 @@ MP_UNITS_EXPORT template<dimension_symbol_formatting fmt = dimension_symbol_form
   return std::string_view(buffer.data(), size);
 #else
   constexpr std::size_t size = get_size();
-  constexpr auto buffer = detail::get_symbol_buffer<CharT, size, fmt>(D{});
-  return basic_fixed_string<CharT, size>(buffer.begin(), buffer.end());
+  return basic_fixed_string(std::from_range, detail::get_symbol_buffer<CharT, size, fmt>(D{}));
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/symbol_text.h b/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/symbol_text.h
index d36aa082..f7c3efaa 100644
--- a/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/symbol_text.h
+++ b/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/symbol_text.h
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
 // IWYU pragma: private, include <mp-units/framework.h>
+// TODO use <algorithm> when moved to C++20 modules (parsing takes too long for each translation unit)
 #include <mp-units/bits/hacks.h>
 #include <mp-units/bits/module_macros.h>
+#include <mp-units/ext/algorithm.h>
 #include <mp-units/ext/fixed_string.h>
 
 #ifndef MP_UNITS_IN_MODULE_INTERFACE
@@ -85,7 +87,8 @@ constexpr fixed_u8string<N> to_u8string(fixed_string<N> txt)
  * @tparam M The size of the ASCII-only symbol
  */
 MP_UNITS_EXPORT template<std::size_t N, std::size_t M>
-struct symbol_text {
+class symbol_text {
+public:
   fixed_u8string<N> unicode_;
   fixed_string<M> ascii_;
 
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ struct symbol_text {
   }
 
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(*-avoid-c-arrays, google-explicit-constructor, hicpp-explicit-conversions)
-  constexpr explicit(false) symbol_text(const char (&txt)[N + 1]) :
+  consteval explicit(false) symbol_text(const char (&txt)[N + 1]) :
       unicode_(detail::to_u8string(basic_fixed_string{txt})), ascii_(txt)
   {
     gsl_Expects(txt[N] == char{});
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ struct symbol_text {
   }
 
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(*-avoid-c-arrays)
-  constexpr symbol_text(const char8_t (&u)[N + 1], const char (&a)[M + 1]) : unicode_(u), ascii_(a)
+  consteval symbol_text(const char8_t (&u)[N + 1], const char (&a)[M + 1]) : unicode_(u), ascii_(a)
   {
     gsl_Expects(u[N] == char8_t{});
     gsl_Expects(a[M] == char{});
diff --git a/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/unit.h b/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/unit.h
index ce9484a2..8e8ad5df 100644
--- a/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/unit.h
+++ b/src/core/include/mp-units/framework/unit.h
@@ -854,8 +854,7 @@ MP_UNITS_EXPORT template<unit_symbol_formatting fmt = unit_symbol_formatting{},
   return std::string_view(buffer.data(), size);
 #else
   constexpr std::size_t size = get_size();
-  constexpr auto buffer = detail::get_symbol_buffer<CharT, size, fmt>(U{});
-  return basic_fixed_string<CharT, size>(buffer.begin(), buffer.end());
+  return basic_fixed_string(std::from_range, detail::get_symbol_buffer<CharT, size, fmt>(U{}));
 #endif
 }
 
diff --git a/test/runtime/CMakeLists.txt b/test/runtime/CMakeLists.txt
index f78c0ad4..fcd2cca8 100644
--- a/test/runtime/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/test/runtime/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -24,7 +24,9 @@ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
 find_package(Catch2 3 REQUIRED)
 
-add_executable(unit_tests_runtime distribution_test.cpp fmt_test.cpp math_test.cpp atomic_test.cpp)
+add_executable(
+    unit_tests_runtime distribution_test.cpp fixed_string_test.cpp fmt_test.cpp math_test.cpp atomic_test.cpp
+)
 if(${projectPrefix}BUILD_CXX_MODULES)
     target_compile_definitions(unit_tests_runtime PUBLIC ${projectPrefix}MODULES)
 endif()
diff --git a/test/runtime/fixed_string_test.cpp b/test/runtime/fixed_string_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..706e8b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/runtime/fixed_string_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// The MIT License (MIT)
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018 Mateusz Pusz
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+#include <catch2/catch_test_macros.hpp>
+#include <catch2/matchers/catch_matchers_exception.hpp>
+#include <mp-units/compat_macros.h>
+#include <string_view>
+#ifdef MP_UNITS_MODULES
+import mp_units;
+#else
+#include <mp-units/ext/fixed_string.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace mp_units;
+
+TEST_CASE("fixed_string::at", "[fixed_string]")
+{
+  basic_fixed_string txt = "abc";
+  SECTION("in range")
+  {
+    CHECK(txt.at(0) == 'a');
+    CHECK(txt.at(1) == 'b');
+    CHECK(txt.at(2) == 'c');
+  }
+  SECTION("out of range")
+  {
+    REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES(txt.at(3), std::out_of_range, Catch::Matchers::Message("basic_fixed_string::at"));
+    REQUIRE_THROWS_MATCHES(txt.at(1024), std::out_of_range, Catch::Matchers::Message("basic_fixed_string::at"));
+  }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("fixed_string text output", "[fixed_string][ostream][fmt]")
+{
+  basic_fixed_string txt = "units";
+  SECTION("iostream")
+  {
+    std::ostringstream os;
+    os << txt;
+    CHECK(os.str() == "units");
+  }
+  SECTION("fmt") { CHECK(MP_UNITS_STD_FMT::format("{}", txt) == "units"); }
+}
+
+TEST_CASE("fixed_string hash", "[fixed_string][hash]")
+{
+  basic_fixed_string txt = "units";
+  CHECK(std::hash<fixed_string<5>>{}(txt) == std::hash<std::string_view>{}("units"));
+}
diff --git a/test/runtime/fmt_test.cpp b/test/runtime/fmt_test.cpp
index e8437438..8c26ee28 100644
--- a/test/runtime/fmt_test.cpp
+++ b/test/runtime/fmt_test.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@
 #ifdef MP_UNITS_MODULES
 import mp_units;
 #else
-#include <mp-units/ext/fixed_string.h>
 #include <mp-units/format.h>
 #include <mp-units/ostream.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include <mp-units/systems/cgs.h>
@@ -51,18 +50,6 @@ inline constexpr bool mp_units::is_vector<T> = true;
 using namespace mp_units;
 using namespace mp_units::si::unit_symbols;
 
-TEST_CASE("fixed_string", "[text][ostream][fmt]")
-{
-  basic_fixed_string txt = "units";
-  SECTION("iostream")
-  {
-    std::ostringstream os;
-    os << txt;
-    CHECK(os.str() == "units");
-  }
-  SECTION("fmt") { CHECK(MP_UNITS_STD_FMT::format("{}", txt) == "units"); }
-}
-
 TEST_CASE("operator<< on a quantity", "[text][ostream][fmt]")
 {
   std::ostringstream os;
diff --git a/test/static/fixed_string_test.cpp b/test/static/fixed_string_test.cpp
index 93890a98..87ca7660 100644
--- a/test/static/fixed_string_test.cpp
+++ b/test/static/fixed_string_test.cpp
@@ -27,36 +27,152 @@ using namespace mp_units;
 
 namespace {
 
+constexpr std::array array = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
+
+auto from_string = [] {
+  std::string txt = "abc";
+  return fixed_string<3>(std::from_range, txt);
+};
+
+auto from_string_iter = [] {
+  std::string txt = "abc";
+  return fixed_string<3>(txt.begin(), txt.end());
+};
+
+constexpr fixed_string<0> txt0;
 constexpr basic_fixed_string txt1('a');
+constexpr basic_fixed_string txt2('a', 'b', 'c');
+constexpr basic_fixed_string txt3 = "abc";
+constexpr fixed_string<3> txt4(array.begin(), array.end());
+constexpr basic_fixed_string txt5(std::from_range, array);
+constexpr basic_fixed_string txt6(from_string());
+constexpr basic_fixed_string txt7(from_string_iter());
+
+constexpr fixed_string<3> txt8(txt2.begin(), txt2.end());
+constexpr fixed_string<3> txt9(txt2.rbegin(), txt2.rend());
+
+static_assert(txt0.size() == 0);
 static_assert(txt1.size() == 1);
+static_assert(txt2.size() == 3);
+static_assert(txt3.size() == 3);
+static_assert(txt4.size() == 3);
+static_assert(txt5.size() == 3);
+static_assert(txt6.size() == 3);
+static_assert(txt7.size() == 3);
+static_assert(txt8.size() == 3);
+static_assert(txt9.size() == 3);
+
+static_assert(txt0.length() == 0);
+static_assert(txt1.length() == 1);
+static_assert(txt2.length() == 3);
+
+static_assert(txt0.max_size() == 0);
+static_assert(txt1.max_size() == 1);
+static_assert(txt2.max_size() == 3);
+
+static_assert(txt0.empty() == true);
+static_assert(txt1.empty() == false);
+static_assert(txt2.empty() == false);
+static_assert(txt3.empty() == false);
+static_assert(txt4.empty() == false);
+static_assert(txt5.empty() == false);
+static_assert(txt6.empty() == false);
+static_assert(txt7.empty() == false);
+static_assert(txt8.empty() == false);
+static_assert(txt9.empty() == false);
+
 static_assert(txt1[0] == 'a');
+static_assert(txt2[0] == 'a');
+static_assert(txt2[1] == 'b');
+static_assert(txt2[2] == 'c');
+static_assert(txt9[0] == 'c');
+static_assert(txt9[1] == 'b');
+static_assert(txt9[2] == 'a');
+
+static_assert(txt1.at(0) == 'a');
+static_assert(txt2.at(0) == 'a');
+static_assert(txt2.at(1) == 'b');
+static_assert(txt2.at(2) == 'c');
+static_assert(txt9.at(0) == 'c');
+static_assert(txt9.at(1) == 'b');
+static_assert(txt9.at(2) == 'a');
+
+static_assert(txt1.front() == 'a');
+static_assert(txt1.back() == 'a');
+static_assert(txt2.front() == 'a');
+static_assert(txt2.back() == 'c');
+static_assert(txt5.front() == 'a');
+static_assert(txt5.back() == 'c');
+static_assert(txt6.front() == 'a');
+static_assert(txt6.back() == 'c');
+static_assert(txt7.front() == 'a');
+static_assert(txt7.back() == 'c');
+static_assert(txt8.front() == 'a');
+static_assert(txt8.back() == 'c');
+static_assert(txt9.front() == 'c');
+static_assert(txt9.back() == 'a');
+
+static_assert(std::string_view(txt0.data()) == "");
+static_assert(std::string_view(txt0.c_str()) == "");
+static_assert(std::string_view(txt1.data()) == "a");
+static_assert(std::string_view(txt1.c_str()) == "a");
+static_assert(std::string_view(txt2.data()) == "abc");
+static_assert(std::string_view(txt2.c_str()) == "abc");
+
+static_assert(txt0 == "");
+static_assert("a" == txt1);
+static_assert(txt2 == "abc");
+static_assert(txt3 == "abc");
+static_assert(txt4 == "abc");
+static_assert(txt5 == "abc");
+static_assert(txt6 == "abc");
+static_assert(txt7 == "abc");
+static_assert(txt8 == "abc");
+static_assert(txt9 == "cba");
+
 static_assert(txt1 == basic_fixed_string("a"));
 static_assert(txt1 != basic_fixed_string("b"));
 static_assert(txt1 != basic_fixed_string("aa"));
 static_assert(txt1 < basic_fixed_string("b"));
 static_assert(txt1 < basic_fixed_string("aa"));
-static_assert(txt1 + basic_fixed_string('b') == basic_fixed_string("ab"));
-static_assert(basic_fixed_string('b') + txt1 == basic_fixed_string("ba"));
-static_assert(txt1 + basic_fixed_string("bc") == basic_fixed_string("abc"));
-static_assert(basic_fixed_string("bc") + txt1 == basic_fixed_string("bca"));
+static_assert(txt1 == "a");
+static_assert(txt1 != "b");
+static_assert(txt1 != "aa");
+static_assert(txt1 < "b");
+static_assert(txt1 < "aa");
+
+static_assert(txt1 + basic_fixed_string('b') == "ab");
+static_assert(basic_fixed_string('b') + txt1 == "ba");
+static_assert(txt1 + basic_fixed_string("bc") == "abc");
+static_assert(basic_fixed_string("bc") + txt1 == "bca");
+static_assert(txt1 + 'b' == "ab");
+static_assert('b' + txt1 == "ba");
+static_assert(txt1 + "bc" == "abc");
+static_assert("bc" + txt1 == "bca");
 
-constexpr basic_fixed_string txt2("abc");
-static_assert(txt2.size() == 3);
-static_assert(txt2[0] == 'a');
-static_assert(txt2[1] == 'b');
-static_assert(txt2[2] == 'c');
 static_assert(txt2 == basic_fixed_string("abc"));
 static_assert(txt2 != basic_fixed_string("cba"));
 static_assert(txt2 != basic_fixed_string("abcd"));
 static_assert(txt2 < basic_fixed_string("b"));
 static_assert(txt2 > basic_fixed_string("aa"));
-static_assert(txt2 + basic_fixed_string('d') == basic_fixed_string("abcd"));
-static_assert(basic_fixed_string('d') + txt2 == basic_fixed_string("dabc"));
-static_assert(txt2 + basic_fixed_string("def") == basic_fixed_string("abcdef"));
-static_assert(basic_fixed_string("def") + txt2 == basic_fixed_string("defabc"));
+static_assert(txt2 == "abc");
+static_assert(txt2 != "cba");
+static_assert(txt2 != "abcd");
+static_assert(txt2 < "b");
+static_assert(txt2 > "aa");
 
-#ifndef MP_UNITS_COMP_GCC
-static_assert(std::string_view(basic_fixed_string("abcd")).find('c') == 2);
-#endif
+static_assert(txt2 + basic_fixed_string('d') == "abcd");
+static_assert(basic_fixed_string('d') + txt2 == "dabc");
+static_assert(txt2 + basic_fixed_string("def") == "abcdef");
+static_assert(basic_fixed_string("def") + txt2 == "defabc");
+static_assert(txt2 + 'd' == "abcd");
+static_assert('d' + txt2 == "dabc");
+static_assert(txt2 + "def" == "abcdef");
+static_assert("def" + txt2 == "defabc");
+
+static_assert(std::string_view(txt2) == "abc");
+static_assert(txt2.view() == "abc");
+static_assert(std::string_view(txt2).find('b') == 1);
+static_assert(txt2.view().find('b') == 1);
 
 }  // namespace