2023-05-03 23:34:44 +02:00
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# Template Inheritance
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Inheritance allows you to define base templates that can
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be extended by child templates. Extending means that the child template
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can override all or some of the named block areas in the base template.
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When you render the child template, the result will as if you rendered
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the base template, with only the block(s) that you have overridden in the
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child templates differing.
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- The inheritance tree can be as deep as you want, meaning you can
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extend a file that extends another one that extends another one and
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so on.
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- The child templates can not define any content besides what's
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inside [`{block}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md) tags they override.
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Anything outside of [`{block}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md) tags will
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be removed.
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- Template inheritance is a compile time process which creates a
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single compiled template file. Compared to corresponding solutions
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based on subtemplates included with the
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[`{include}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md) tag it does have much
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better performance when rendering.
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## Basic inheritance
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First, create a base template with one or more [blocks](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md).
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Then, create a child template. The child template
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must have an [{extends} tag](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-extends.md) on its first line.
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The child template can redefine one or more blocks defined in the base template.
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See below for a simple example.
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layout.tpl (base)
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```smarty
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>{block name=title}Default Page Title{/block}</title>
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{block name=head}{/block}
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</head>
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<body>
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{block name=body}{/block}
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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myproject.tpl (child)
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```smarty
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{extends file='layout.tpl'}
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{block name=head}
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<link href="/css/mypage.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
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<script src="/js/mypage.js"></script>
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{/block}
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```
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mypage.tpl (grandchild)
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```smarty
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{extends file='myproject.tpl'}
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{block name=title}My Page Title{/block}
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{block name=head}
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<link href="/css/mypage.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
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<script src="/js/mypage.js"></script>
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{/block}
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{block name=body}My HTML Page Body goes here{/block}
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```
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To render the above, you would use:
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```php
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<?php
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$smarty->display('mypage.tpl');
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```
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The resulting output is:
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```html
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>My Page Title</title>
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<link href="/css/mypage.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>
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<script src="/js/mypage.js"></script>
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</head>
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<body>
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My HTML Page Body goes here
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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> **Note**
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>
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> When [compile-check](./configuring.md#disabling-compile-check) is enabled, all files
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> in the inheritance tree
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> are checked for modifications upon each invocation. You may want to
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> disable compile-check on production servers for this reason.
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> **Note**
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>
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> If you have a subtemplate which is included with
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> [`{include}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md) and it contains
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> [`{block}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md) areas it works only if the
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> [`{include}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-include.md) itself is called from within
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> a surrounding [`{block}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md). In the final
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> parent template you may need a dummy
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> [`{block}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md) for it.
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## Using append and prepend
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The content of [`{block}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md) tags from child
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and parent templates can be merged by the `append` or `prepend`
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[`{block}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-block.md) tag option flags and
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`{$smarty.block.parent}` or `{$smarty.block.child}` placeholders.
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## Extends resource type
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Instead of using [`{extends}`](../designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-extends.md) tags in the
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template files you can define the inheritance tree in your PHP script by
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2023-08-06 01:09:31 +02:00
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using the [`extends:` resource](resources.md#the-extends-resource) type.
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2023-05-03 23:34:44 +02:00
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The code below will return same result as the example above.
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```php
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<?php
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$smarty->display('extends:layout.tpl|myproject.tpl|mypage.tpl');
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```
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