smarty/docs/en/designers/language-basic-syntax/language-syntax-variables.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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<sect1 id="language.syntax.variables">
 <title>Variables</title>
 <para>
  Template variables start with a dollar sign. They can contain numbers,
  letters and underscores, much like a PHP variable. You can reference arrays
  that are indexed numerically or non-numerically. You can also reference
  object properties and methods. Config file variables are an exception to the
  dollar sign syntax. They can be referenced with surrounding hashmarks, or
  with the special $smarty.config variable.
 </para>
 <example>
  <title>Variables</title>
  <programlisting>
<![CDATA[
{$foo}        <-- displaying a simple variable (non array/object)
{$foo[4]}     <-- display the 5th element of a zero-indexed array
{$foo.bar}    <-- display the "bar" key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo['bar']
{$foo.$bar}   <-- display variable key value of an array, similar to PHP $foo[$bar]
{$foo->bar}   <-- display the object property "bar"
{$foo->bar()} <-- display the return value of object method "bar"
{#foo#}       <-- display the config file variable "foo"
{$smarty.config.foo} <-- synonym for {#foo#}
{$foo[bar]}   <-- syntax only valid in a section loop, see {section}

Many other combinations are allowed

{$foo.bar.baz}
{$foo.$bar.$baz}
{$foo[4].baz}
{$foo[4].$baz}
{$foo.bar.baz[4]}
{$foo->bar($baz,2,$bar)} <-- passing parameters
{"foo"}       <-- static values are allowed
]]>
  </programlisting>
 </example>
 <para>See also <link linkend="language.variables.smarty">$smarty reserved variables</link> 
and <link linkend="language.config.variables">Config Variables</link></para>
</sect1>
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