diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-builtin-functions.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-builtin-functions.xml
index 7a07f4d1..27c27489 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-builtin-functions.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-builtin-functions.xml
@@ -3,20 +3,20 @@
 <chapter id="language.builtin.functions">
  <title>Built-in Functions</title>
  <para>
-  Smarty comes with several built-in functions. These built-in functions 
+  Smarty comes with several built-in functions. These built-in functions
   are the integral part of the smarty template engine. You cannot create your own
   <link linkend="language.custom.functions">custom functions</link>
-  with the same name; and you  should  not need to 
+  with the same name; and you  should  not need to
   modify the built-in functions.
  </para>
  <para>
- A few on these functions have an <emphasis role="bold">assign</emphasis> 
- attribute which collects
- the result the function to a named variable within a template instead of being output;
- much like the <link linkend="language.function.assign">{assign}</link> function.
+ A few on these functions have an <parameter>assign</parameter>
+ attribute which collects the result the function to a named
+ variable within a template instead of being output;
+ much like the <link linkend="language.function.assign">
+ <varname>{assign}</varname></link> function.
  </para>
 
- 
  &designers.language-builtin-functions.language-function-capture;
  &designers.language-builtin-functions.language-function-config-load;
  &designers.language-builtin-functions.language-function-foreach;
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
  &designers.language-builtin-functions.language-function-php;
  &designers.language-builtin-functions.language-function-section;
  &designers.language-builtin-functions.language-function-strip;
- 
+
 </chapter>
 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
 Local variables:
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-options.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-options.xml
index 414dfebf..fb916afc 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-options.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-custom-functions/language-function-html-options.xml
@@ -194,13 +194,13 @@ $smarty->assign('contact',$db->getRow($sql));
 ]]>
 </programlisting>
 <para>
-where an example template would be
+Where a template could be as follows. Note the use of the truncate modifier.
 </para>
 <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
 <select name="type_id">
     <option value='null'>-- none --</option>
-    {html_options options=$contact_types selected=$contact.type_id}
+    {html_options options=$contact_types|truncate:20 selected=$contact.type_id}
 </select>
 ]]>
   </programlisting>
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers.xml
index b5280689..90191a1a 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers.xml
@@ -3,17 +3,20 @@
 <chapter id="language.modifiers">
  <title>Variable Modifiers</title>
  <para>
-  Variable modifiers can be applied to 
-  <link linkend="language.syntax.variables">variables</link>, 
-  <link linkend="language.custom.functions">custom functions</link> or strings. To
-  apply a modifier, specify the value followed by a <literal>|</literal>
+  Variable modifiers can be applied to
+  <link linkend="language.syntax.variables">variables</link>,
+  <link linkend="language.custom.functions">custom functions</link> or strings.
+  To apply a modifier, specify the value followed by a <literal>|</literal>
   (pipe) and the modifier name. A modifier may accept additional parameters
   that affect its behavior. These parameters follow the modifer name and are
-  separated by a <literal>:</literal> (colon). Additionally
-  all php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly; more below.
+  separated by a <literal>:</literal> (colon). Also,
+  <emphasis>all php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly</emphasis>
+  (more below) and modifiers can be
+  <link linkend="language.combining.modifiers">combined</link>.
+  .
  </para>
  <example>
-  <title>modifier examples</title>
+  <title>Modifier examples</title>
   <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
 {* apply modifier to a variable *}
@@ -53,43 +56,61 @@
 ]]>
   </programlisting>
  </example>
- <para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+
+ <listitem><para>
   If you apply a modifier to an array variable instead of a single value variable,
   the modifier will be applied to every value in that array. If you really want
   the modifier to work on an entire array as a value, you must prepend the
-  modifier name with an <literal>@</literal> symbol like so:
-  <literal>{$articleTitle|@count}</literal> (this will print out the number of
-  elements in the $articleTitle array.)
- </para>
- <para>
+  modifier name with a <literal>@</literal> symbol.
+  <note>
+  <title>Example</title>
+  <para><literal>{$articleTitle|@count}</literal> - will print out the number of
+  elements in the <parameter>$articleTitle</parameter> array using the php
+  <ulink url="&url.php-manual;count"><varname>count()</varname></ulink>
+  function as a modifier.
+  </para></note>
+  </para> </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para>
   Modifiers are autoloaded from the <link
-  linkend="variable.plugins.dir">$plugins_dir</link> 
-  or can be registered explicitely with <link
-  linkend="api.register.modifier">register_modifier()</link>;
-  this is useful for sharing a function in a php script and smarty templates.
-  </para>
-  
-  <para>
-  All php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly. (The
-  <literal>@count</literal> example above actually uses php's
-  count() function and not a smarty-modifier). Using php-functions
-  as modifiers has two little pitfalls: First; sometimes the order
-  of the function-parameters is not the desirable one
-  (<literal>{"%2.f"|sprintf:$float}</literal> actually works, but
-  asks for the more intuitive. For example:<literal>{$float|string_format:"%2.f"}</literal>
-  that is provided by the Smarty distribution). Second; with <link
-  linkend="variable.security">$security</link> enabled all
-  php-functions that are to be used as modifiers have to be
-  declared trusted in the <link linkend="variable.security.settings">
-  $security_settings['MODIFIER_FUNCS']</link> array.
- </para>
+  linkend="variable.plugins.dir"><parameter>$plugins_dir</parameter></link>
+  or can be registered explicitely with the <link
+  linkend="api.register.modifier"><varname>register_modifier()</varname></link>
+  function. The later is useful for sharing a function between
+   php scripts and smarty templates.
+  </para></listitem>
+
+  <listitem><para>
+  All php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly, as demonstrated in the
+  example above.
+  However, using php-functions as modifiers has two little pitfalls:
+   <itemizedlist>
+  <listitem><para>First - sometimes the order of the function-parameters is
+   not the desirable one. Formatting <literal>$foo</literal>  with
+   <literal>{"%2.f"|sprintf:$foo}</literal> actually
+   works, but asks for the more intuitive, like
+   <literal>{$foo|string_format:"%2.f"}</literal> that is provided by
+   the Smarty distribution.
+  </para></listitem>
+   <listitem><para>
+   Secondly - if <link linkend="variable.security">
+   <parameter>$security</parameter></link> is enabled, all php-functions that
+   are to be used as modifiers have to be declared trusted in the
+   <literal>MODIFIER_FUNCS</literal> element of the
+   <link linkend="variable.security.settings">
+   <parameter>$security_settings</parameter></link> array.
+  </para></listitem>
+   </itemizedlist>
+ </para></listitem>
+  </itemizedlist>
+
  <para>
   See also
-  <link linkend="api.register.modifier">register_modifier()</link>,
-  <link linkend="api.register.function">register_function()</link>,
-  <link linkend="plugins">extending Smarty with plugins</link>
+  <link linkend="api.register.modifier"><varname>register_modifier()</varname></link>,
+  <link linkend="language.combining.modifiers">combining modifiers</link>.
   and
-  <link linkend="plugins.modifiers">modifiers</link>,
+  <link linkend="plugins">extending smarty with plugins</link>
  </para>
 
  &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-capitalize;
@@ -113,7 +134,7 @@
  &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-truncate;
  &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-upper;
  &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-wordwrap;
-  
+
 </chapter>
 
 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-capitalize.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-capitalize.xml
index 9a16bb64..092e0346 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-capitalize.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-capitalize.xml
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@
   <title>capitalize</title>
     <para>
      This is used to capitalize the first letter of all words in a variable.
+     This is similar to the PHP <ulink url="&url.php-manual;ucfirst">
+   <varname>ucfirst()</varname></ulink> function.
   </para>
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
@@ -26,13 +28,13 @@
       <entry>1</entry>
       <entry>boolean</entry>
       <entry>No</entry>
-      <entry>false</entry>
+      <entry>&false;</entry>
       <entry>This determines whether or not words with
       digits will be uppercased</entry>
      </row>
     </tbody>
    </tgroup>
-  </informaltable>  
+  </informaltable>
   <example>
    <title>capitalize</title>
    <programlisting role="php">
@@ -45,7 +47,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'next x-men film, x3, delayed.');
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    Where template is:
+    Where the template is:
    </para>
    <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'next x-men film, x3, delayed.');
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -65,9 +67,11 @@ Next X-Men Film, X3, Delayed.
 ]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
-   <para>See also <link linkend="language.modifier.lower">lower</link> 
+   <para>See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.lower"><varname>lower</varname></link>
    and
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.upper">upper</link> </para>
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.upper"><varname>upper</varname></link>
+   </para>
 </sect1>
 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
 Local variables:
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-cat.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-cat.xml
index 3b74eb1b..2d207e4c 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-cat.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-cat.xml
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
    <title>cat</title>
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
-<?php    
+<?php
 
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Psychics predict world didn't end");
 
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Psychics predict world didn't end");
    </para>
    <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
-{$articleTitle|cat:" yesterday."}
+{$articleTitle|cat:' yesterday.'}
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
-<![CDATA[    
+<![CDATA[
 Psychics predict world didn't end yesterday.
 ]]>
    </screen>
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-characters.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-characters.xml
index c1628e6f..ddf60b0b 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-characters.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-characters.xml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
       <entry>1</entry>
       <entry>boolean</entry>
       <entry>No</entry>
-      <entry>false</entry>
+      <entry>&false;</entry>
       <entry>This determines whether or not to include
       whitespace characters in the count.</entry>
      </row>
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Cold Wave Linked to Temperatures.');
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ Cold Wave Linked to Temperatures.
   </example>
   <para>
    See also
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.words">count_words</link>,
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.sentences">count_sentences</link> and
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.paragraphs">count_paragraphs</link>.
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.words"><varname>count_words</varname></link>,
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.sentences"><varname>count_sentences</varname></link> and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.paragraphs"><varname>count_paragraphs</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-paragraphs.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-paragraphs.xml
index e956ae90..584a411c 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-paragraphs.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-paragraphs.xml
@@ -29,21 +29,23 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
 War Dims Hope for Peace. Child's Death Ruins Couple's Holiday.
-     
+
 Man is Fatally Slain. Death Causes Loneliness, Feeling of Isolation.
 2
 ]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.count.characters">count_characters</link>,
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.sentences">count_sentences</link> and
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.words">count_words</link>.		
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.characters"><varname>count_characters</varname></link>,
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.sentences"><varname>count_sentences</varname></link>
+   and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.words"><varname>count_words</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-sentences.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-sentences.xml
index f55d43d9..2851951c 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-sentences.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-sentences.xml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
-    
+
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
                  'Two Soviet Ships Collide - One Dies.
                  Enraged Cow Injures Farmer with Axe.'
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@ Two Soviet Ships Collide - One Dies. Enraged Cow Injures Farmer with Axe.
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.count.characters">count_characters</link>,
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.paragraphs">count_paragraphs</link> and
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.words">count_words</link>.
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.characters"><varname>count_characters</varname></link>,
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.paragraphs"><varname>count_paragraphs</varname></link>
+   and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.words"><varname>count_words</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-words.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-words.xml
index 6bb9e548..a8637ee5 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-words.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-count-words.xml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
-    
+
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.');
 
 ?>
@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@ Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.count.characters">count_characters</link>,
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.paragraphs">count_paragraphs</link> and
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.sentences">count_sentences</link>.
-  </para>		
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.characters"><varname>count_characters</varname></link>,
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.paragraphs"><varname>count_paragraphs</varname></link>
+   and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.sentences"><varname>count_sentences</varname></link>.
+  </para>
  </sect1>
 
 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.xml
index e8bf11ec..aabe9ba2 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-date-format.xml
@@ -4,17 +4,18 @@
   <title>date_format</title>
     <para>
      This formats a date and time into the given
-     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strftime">strftime()</ulink> format.
+     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strftime"><varname>strftime()</varname></ulink> format.
      Dates can be passed to Smarty as unix
      <ulink url="&url.php-manual;function.time">timestamps</ulink>, mysql timestamps
-     or any string made up of month day year, parsable by
-     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strtotime">strtotime()</ulink>.
-     Designers can then use date_format to have complete control of the
+     or any string made up of month day year, parsable by php's
+     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strtotime"><varname>strtotime()</varname></ulink>.
+     Designers can then use <varname>date_format</varname> to have complete control of the
      formatting of the date. If the date passed to
-     <command>date_format</command> is empty   and a second parameter is passed,
+     <varname>date_format</varname> is empty  and a second parameter is passed,
      that will be used as the date to format.
    </para>
-   
+
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -53,20 +54,32 @@
    <para>
    <note>
     <para>
-     Since Smarty-2.6.10 numeric values passed to date_format are
+     Since Smarty-2.6.10 numeric values passed to <varname>date_format</varname> are
      <emphasis>always</emphasis> (except for mysql timestamps, see
      below) interpreted as a unix timestamp.
     </para>
     <para>
      Before Smarty-2.6.10 numeric strings that where also parsable by
-     strtotime() in php (like "YYYYMMDD") where sometimes - depending
-     on the underlying implementation of strtotime() - interpreted as
-     date strings and not as timestamps.
+     <varname>strtotime()</varname> in php (like <literal>YYYYMMDD</literal>)
+     where sometimes (depending on the underlying implementation of
+     <varname>strtotime()</varname>) interpreted as
+     date strings and NOT as timestamps.
     </para>
     <para>
      The only exception are mysql timestamps: They are also numeric
-     only and 14 characters long ("YYYYMMDDHHMMSS"). Mysql timestamps
-     have precedence over unix timestamps.
+     only and 14 characters long (<literal>YYYYMMDDHHMMSS</literal>),
+     mysql timestamps have precedence over unix timestamps.
+    </para>
+   </note>
+      <note>
+    <title>Programmers note</title>
+    <para>
+     <varname>date_format</varname> is essentially a wrapper to PHP's
+     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strftime"><varname>strftime()</varname></ulink> function.
+     You may have more or less conversion specifiers available depending
+     on your system's <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strftime"><varname>strftime()</varname></ulink>
+     function where PHP was compiled. Check your
+     system's manpage for a full list of valid specifiers.
     </para>
    </note>
   </para>
@@ -78,14 +91,15 @@
 
 $config['date'] = '%I:%M %p';
 $config['time'] = '%H:%M:%S';
-$smarty->assign('config',$config);
+$smarty->assign('config', $config);
 $smarty->assign('yesterday', strtotime('-1 day'));
 
 ?>
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    Where template is (uses <link linkend="language.variables.smarty.now">$smarty.now</link>):
+    This template uses <link linkend="language.variables.smarty.now">
+    <parameter>$smarty.now</parameter></link> to get the current time:
    </para>
    <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -98,21 +112,22 @@ $smarty->assign('yesterday', strtotime('-1 day'));
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    This above will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
-Feb 6, 2001
-02/06/01
+Jan 1, 2022
+01/01/22
 02:33 pm
-Feb 5, 2001
-Monday, February 5, 2001
+Dec 31, 2021
+Monday, December 1, 2021
 14:33:00
 ]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   <command>date_format</command> conversion specifiers:
+
+  <command>date_format</command> conversion specifiers:
    <itemizedlist>
     <listitem><para>
      %a - abbreviated weekday name according to the current locale
@@ -237,23 +252,13 @@ Monday, February 5, 2001
      %% - a literal `%' character
     </para></listitem>
    </itemizedlist>
-   <note>
-    <title>Programmers note</title>
-    <para>
-     <command>date_format</command> is essentially a wrapper to PHP's
-     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strftime">strftime()</ulink> function.
-     You may have more or less conversion specifiers available depending
-     on your system's <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strftime">strftime()</ulink>
-     function where PHP was compiled. Check your
-     system's manpage for a full list of valid specifiers.
-    </para>
-   </note>
+
   </para>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.variables.smarty.now">$smarty.now</link>,
-   <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strftime">php function strftime()</ulink>,
-   <link linkend="language.function.html.select.date">{html_select_date}</link>
-   and <link linkend="tips.dates">date tips</link>.
+   See also <link linkend="language.variables.smarty.now"><parameter>$smarty.now</parameter></link>,
+   <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strftime"><varname>strftime()</varname></ulink>,
+   <link linkend="language.function.html.select.date"><varname>{html_select_date}</varname></link>
+   and the <link linkend="tips.dates">date tips</link> page.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.xml
index 9d0840d1..1f08a739 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-default.xml
@@ -5,17 +5,19 @@
     <para>
      This is used to set a default value for a variable. If the variable
      is unset or an empty string, the given default value is printed instead.
-     Default takes one argument.
+     Default takes the one argument.
   </para>
      <para>
      <note>
       <para>
-       With error_reporting(E_ALL), undeclared variables will always throw an error within the template. This function
-       is useful for replacing null or zero length strings. 
+       With <ulink url="&url.php-manual;error_reporting">
+       <varname>error_reporting(E_ALL)</varname></ulink>,
+       undeclared variables will always throw an error within the template.
+       This function is useful for replacing null or zero length strings.
     </para>
     </note>
     </para>
-  
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@
 <?php
 
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Dealers Will Hear Car Talk at Noon.');
-$smarty->assign('email','');
+$smarty->assign('email', '');
 
 ?>
 ]]>
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ $smarty->assign('email','');
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -79,8 +81,10 @@ No email address available
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="tips.default.var.handling">Default Variable Handling</link>
-   and <link linkend="tips.blank.var.handling">Blank Variable Handling</link>.
+   See also the
+   <link linkend="tips.default.var.handling">default variable handling</link>
+   and the
+   <link linkend="tips.blank.var.handling">blank variable handling</link> pages.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.xml
index ac696109..06e6b44a 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-escape.xml
@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@
  <sect1 id="language.modifier.escape">
   <title>escape</title>
     <para>
-     This is used to encode/escape a variable to html url single quotes, hex escape, hexentity, javascript and mail escape.
-     By default its html
-     escaped.
+     This is used to encode/escape a variable to <literal>html</literal>,
+     <literal>url</literal>, <literal>single quotes</literal>,
+     <literal>hex</literal>, <literal>hexentity</literal>,
+     <literal>javascript</literal> and <literal>mail</literal>.
+     By default its <literal>html</literal> escaped.
   </para>
-  
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="6">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -31,7 +33,12 @@
       <entry>1</entry>
       <entry>string</entry>
       <entry>No</entry>
-      <entry><literal>html</literal>,<literal>htmlall</literal>,<literal>url</literal>,<literal>urlpathinfo</literal>,<literal>quotes</literal>,<literal>hex</literal>,<literal>hexentity</literal>,<literal>javascript</literal>,<literal>mail</literal></entry>
+      <entry><literal>html</literal>, <literal>htmlall</literal>,
+              <literal>url</literal>,
+               <literal>urlpathinfo</literal>, <literal>quotes</literal>,
+               <literal>hex</literal>, <literal>hexentity</literal>,
+               <literal>javascript</literal>, <literal>mail</literal>
+       </entry>
       <entry><literal>html</literal></entry>
       <entry>This is the escape format to use.</entry>
      </row>
@@ -39,8 +46,11 @@
       <entry>2</entry>
       <entry>string</entry>
       <entry>No</entry>
-      <entry><literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>, <literal>UTF-8</literal>, ... any character set supported by <ulink url="&url.php-manual;htmlentities">htmlentities()</ulink>
-</entry>
+      <entry><literal>ISO-8859-1</literal>, <literal>UTF-8</literal>,
+      and any character set supported by
+      <ulink url="&url.php-manual;htmlentities">
+      <varname>htmlentities()</varname></ulink>
+      </entry>
       <entry><literal>ISO-8859-1</literal></entry>
       <entry>The character set encoding passed to htmlentities() et. al.</entry>
      </row>
@@ -53,11 +63,12 @@
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
-    
+
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
                 "'Stiff Opposition Expected to Casketless Funeral Plan'"
                 );
 $smarty->assign('EmailAddress','smarty@example.com');
+
 ?>
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
@@ -78,7 +89,7 @@ $smarty->assign('EmailAddress','smarty@example.com');
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -93,29 +104,37 @@ smarty [AT] example [DOT] com
 mail [AT] example [DOT] com
 ]]>
    </screen>
-   <para>Note that native PHP functions can be used as modifiers so this will work</para>
+   </example>
+
+   <example>
+   <title>Other examples</title>
+   <para>PHP functions can be used as modifiers,
+   <link linkend="variable.security">
+   <varname>$security</varname></link> permitting.
+    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
-{* rewind get var registers the current location *}
+{* the "rewind" paramater registers the current location *}
 <a href="{$SCRIPT_NAME}?page=foo&rewind={$smarty.server.REQUEST_URI|urlencode}">click here</a>
 ]]>
    </screen>
-      <para>And this is very useful for emails but see also 
-      <link linkend="language.function.mailto">{mailto}</link></para>
+      <para>This snippet is useful for emails, but see also
+      <link linkend="language.function.mailto">
+      <varname>{mailto}</varname></link></para>
       <screen>
    <![CDATA[
    {* email address mangled *}
    <a href="mailto:{$EmailAddress|escape:'hex'}">{$EmailAddress|escape:'mail'}</a>
    ]]>
-   </screen>  
+   </screen>
   </example>
-  
-  
-  
+
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.escaping">Escaping Smarty Parsing</link>,
-   <link linkend="language.function.mailto">{mailto}</link>
-   and <link linkend="tips.obfuscating.email">Obfuscating E-mail Addresses</link>.
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.escaping">escaping smarty parsing</link>,
+   <link linkend="language.function.mailto"><varname>{mailto}</varname></link>
+   and the
+   <link linkend="tips.obfuscating.email">obfuscating email addresses</link> page.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-indent.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-indent.xml
index 1a0269c8..c571df2a 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-indent.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-indent.xml
@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
  <sect1 id="language.modifier.indent">
   <title>indent</title>
     <para>
-     This indents a string at each line, default is 4. As
+     This indents a string on each line, default is 4. As
      an optional parameter, you can specify the number of characters to
      indent. As an optional second parameter, you can specify the
-     character to use to indent with. (Use "\t" for tabs.)
+     character to use to indent with eg use <literal>"\t"</literal> for a tab.
   </para>
-  
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -50,14 +50,12 @@
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
-    
+
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
                 'NJ judge to rule on nude beach.
 Sun or rain expected today, dark tonight.
 Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.'
                 );
-
-
 ?>
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
@@ -76,7 +74,7 @@ Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.'
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    this will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -99,9 +97,11 @@ Statistics show that teen pregnancy drops off significantly after 25.
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.strip">strip</link>,
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.wordwrap">wordwrap</link>
-   and <link linkend="language.modifier.spacify">spacify</link>.
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.strip"><varname>strip</varname></link>,
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.wordwrap"><varname>wordwrap</varname></link>
+   and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.spacify"><varname>spacify</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-lower.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-lower.xml
index 35dcad06..ed847046 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-lower.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-lower.xml
@@ -4,23 +4,24 @@
   <title>lower</title>
   <para>
    This is used to lowercase a variable. This is equivalent to the PHP
-   <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strtolower">strtolower()</ulink> function.
+   <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strtolower">
+   <varname>strtolower()</varname></ulink> function.
   </para>
   <example>
    <title>lower</title>
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
-    
+
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Two Convicts Evade Noose, Jury Hung.');
-    
+
 ?>
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
     Where template is:
    </para>
-   <programlisting> 
+   <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
 {$articleTitle}
 {$articleTitle|lower}
@@ -37,8 +38,10 @@ two convicts evade noose, jury hung.
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.upper">upper</link> and
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.capitalize">Capitalize</link>.
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.upper"><varname>upper</varname></link>
+   and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.capitalize"><varname>capitalize</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-nl2br.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-nl2br.xml
index 30def339..3578d7d9 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-nl2br.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-nl2br.xml
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
  <sect1 id="language.modifier.nl2br">
   <title>nl2br</title>
   <para>
-   All linebreaks will be converted to &lt;br /&gt; tags in the given
-   variable. This is equivalent to the PHP
-   <ulink url="&url.php-manual;nl2br">nl2br()</ulink> function.
+   All <literal>"\n"</literal> line breaks will be converted to html
+   <literal>&lt;br /&gt;</literal> tags in the given variable.
+   This is equivalent to the PHP's <ulink url="&url.php-manual;nl2br">
+   <varname>nl2br()</varname></ulink> function.
   </para>
   <example>
    <title>nl2br</title>
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -38,9 +39,11 @@ Sun or rain expected<br />today, dark tonight
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.wordwrap">word_wrap</link>,
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.paragraphs">count_paragraphs</link>
-   and <link linkend="language.modifier.count.sentences">count_sentences</link>.
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.wordwrap"><varname>word_wrap</varname></link>,
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.paragraphs"><varname>count_paragraphs</varname></link>
+   and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.count.sentences"><varname>count_sentences</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-regex-replace.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-regex-replace.xml
index 06ab122d..c44714b6 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-regex-replace.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-regex-replace.xml
@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
   <title>regex_replace</title>
     <para>
      A regular expression search and replace on a variable. Use the
-     syntax for <ulink
-     url="&url.php-manual;preg_replace">preg_replace()</ulink> from the PHP manual.
+      <ulink url="&url.php-manual;preg_replace">
+     <varname>preg_replace()</varname></ulink> syntax from the PHP manual.
   </para>
-  
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Infertility unlikely to\nbe passed on, experts
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    Where index.tpl is:
+    Where template is:
    </para>
    <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Infertility unlikely to\nbe passed on, experts
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This should output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -77,8 +77,10 @@ Infertility unlikely to be passed on, experts say.
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.replace">replace</link>
-   and <link linkend="language.modifier.escape">escape</link>.
+   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.replace">
+   <varname>replace</varname></link>
+   and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.escape"><varname>escape</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-replace.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-replace.xml
index 39befcaa..bdc6f1c5 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-replace.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-replace.xml
@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@
  <sect1 id="language.modifier.replace">
   <title>replace</title>
     <para>
-     A simple search and replace on a variable. This is equivalent to the PHP
-     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;str_replace">str_replace()</ulink> function.
+     A simple search and replace on a variable. This is equivalent to the PHP's
+     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;str_replace">
+     <varname>str_replace()</varname></ulink> function.
   </para>
-  
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Child's Stool Great for Use in Garden.");
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This should output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -75,8 +76,10 @@ Child's   Stool   Great   for   Use   in   Garden.
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.regex.replace">regex_replace</link>
-   and <link linkend="language.modifier.escape">escape</link>.
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.regex.replace"><varname>regex_replace</varname></link>
+   and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.escape"><varname>escape</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-spacify.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-spacify.xml
index 112830b6..3ca04a43 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-spacify.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-spacify.xml
@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
  <sect1 id="language.modifier.spacify">
   <title>spacify</title>
     <para>
-     spacify is a way to insert a space between every character of a variable.
-     You can optionally pass a different character (or string) to insert.
+     <varname>spacify</varname> is a way to insert a space between every
+     character of a variable.
+     You can optionally pass a different character or string to insert.
   </para>
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Something Went Wrong in Jet Crash, Experts Say.
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This should output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -68,8 +69,10 @@ S^^o^^m^^e^^t^^h^^i^^n^^g^^ .... snip .... ^^e^^r^^t^^s^^ ^^S^^a^^y^^.
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.wordwrap">wordwrap</link>
-   and <link linkend="language.modifier.nl2br">nl2br</link>.
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.wordwrap"><varname>wordwrap</varname></link>
+   and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.nl2br"><varname>nl2br</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-string-format.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-string-format.xml
index d6222a70..7d0d890e 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-string-format.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-string-format.xml
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@
   <title>string_format</title>
     <para>
      This is a way to format strings, such as decimal numbers and such.
-     Use the syntax for <ulink url="&url.php-manual;sprintf">sprintf()</ulink>
+     Use the syntax for
+     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;sprintf"><varname>sprintf()</varname></ulink>
      for the formatting.
   </para>
-  
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ $smarty->assign('number', 23.5787446);
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This should output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -68,8 +69,10 @@ $smarty->assign('number', 23.5787446);
 ]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
+
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.date.format">date_format</link>.
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.date.format"><varname>date_format</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip-tags.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip-tags.xml
index cd05149d..4305aa90 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip-tags.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip-tags.xml
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@
  <sect1 id="language.modifier.strip.tags">
   <title>strip_tags</title>
     <para>
-     This strips out markup tags, basically anything between &lt; and &gt;.
+     This strips out markup tags, basically anything between
+     <literal>&lt;</literal> and <literal>&gt;</literal>.
   </para>
-  
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -27,8 +28,8 @@
       <entry>1</entry>
       <entry>bool</entry>
       <entry>No</entry>
-      <entry>true</entry>
-      <entry>This determines wether the tags are replaced by ' ' or by ''</entry>
+      <entry>&true;</entry>
+      <entry>This determines whether the tags are replaced by ' ' or  ''</entry>
      </row>
     </tbody>
    </tgroup>
@@ -49,17 +50,17 @@ Kidney</font> from Dad she Hasn't Seen in <b>years</b>."
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    where template is:
+    Where template is:
    </para>
    <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
 {$articleTitle}
-{$articleTitle|strip_tags} {* same as {$articleTitle|strip_tags:true} *} 
+{$articleTitle|strip_tags} {* same as {$articleTitle|strip_tags:true} *}
 {$articleTitle|strip_tags:false}
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -69,6 +70,12 @@ Blind Woman Gets New Kidney from Dad she Hasn't Seen in years.
 ]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
+  <para>
+  See also
+  <link linkend="language.modifier.replace"><varname>replace</varname></link>
+  and
+  <link linkend="language.modifier.regex.replace"><varname>regex_replace</varname></link>.
+  </para>
 </sect1>
 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
 Local variables:
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.xml
index 046b222b..8e4f9ae4 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-strip.xml
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@
   <title>strip</title>
   <para>
    This replaces all repeated spaces, newlines and tabs with a single
-   space, or with a supplied string.
+   space, or with the supplied string.
   </para>
   <note>
    <title>Note</title>
    <para>
-    If you want to strip blocks of template text, use the <link
-    linkend="language.function.strip">{strip}</link> function.
+    If you want to strip blocks of template text, use the built-in <link
+    linkend="language.function.strip"><varname>{strip}</varname></link> function.
    </para>
   </note>
   <example>
@@ -18,16 +18,13 @@
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
-
-$smarty = new Smarty;
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "Grandmother of\neight makes\t    hole in one.");
 $smarty->display('index.tpl');
-
 ?>
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    where template is:
+    Where template is:
    </para>
    <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -37,7 +34,7 @@ $smarty->display('index.tpl');
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -48,10 +45,12 @@ Grandmother&nbsp;of&nbsp;eight&nbsp;makes&nbsp;hole&nbsp;in&nbsp;one.
 ]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
-  
+
     <para>
-     See also <link linkend="language.function.strip">{strip}</link> and
-     <link linkend="language.modifier.truncate">truncate</link>.
+     See also
+     <link linkend="language.function.strip"><varname>{strip}</varname></link>
+     and
+     <link linkend="language.modifier.truncate"><varname>truncate</varname></link>.
   </para>
 </sect1>
 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-truncate.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-truncate.xml
index 8b69cb1f..27a558a8 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-truncate.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-truncate.xml
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
  <sect1 id="language.modifier.truncate">
   <title>truncate</title>
     <para>
-     This truncates a variable to a character length, default is 80. As
-     an optional second parameter, you can specify a string of text
+     This truncates a variable to a character length, the default is 80.
+     As an optional second parameter, you can specify a string of text
      to display at the end if the variable was truncated. The
      characters in the string are included with the original truncation length.
-     By default, truncate will attempt to cut off at a word boundary. If
-     you want to cut off at the exact character length, pass the optional
-     third parameter of true.
+     By default, <varname>truncate</varname> will attempt to cut off at a
+     word boundary. If you want to cut off at the exact character length,
+     pass the optional third parameter of &true;.
   </para>
-  
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -49,18 +49,19 @@
       <entry>3</entry>
       <entry>boolean</entry>
       <entry>No</entry>
-      <entry>false</entry>
+      <entry>&false;</entry>
       <entry>This determines whether or not to truncate at a
-       word boundary (false), or at the exact character (true).</entry>
+       word boundary with &false;, or at the exact character with &true;.</entry>
      </row>
      <row>
       <entry>4</entry>
       <entry>boolean</entry>
       <entry>No</entry>
-      <entry>false</entry>
+      <entry>&false;</entry>
       <entry>This determines whether the truncation happens at the end of the
-      string (false), or in the middle of the string (true). Note that if this
-      setting is true, then word boundaries are ignored.</entry>
+      string with &false;, or in the middle of the string with &true;.
+      Note that if this setting is &true;, then word boundaries are ignored.
+      </entry>
      </row>
     </tbody>
    </tgroup>
@@ -71,9 +72,7 @@
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
-    
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle', 'Two Sisters Reunite after Eighteen Years at Checkout Counter.');
-
 ?>
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-upper.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-upper.xml
index d985f87d..a5f4e1c5 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-upper.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-upper.xml
@@ -4,21 +4,20 @@
   <title>upper</title>
   <para>
    This is used to uppercase a variable. This is equivalent to the PHP
-   <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strtoupper">strtoupper()</ulink> function.
+   <ulink url="&url.php-manual;strtoupper">
+   <varname>strtoupper()</varname></ulink> function.
   </para>
   <example>
    <title>upper</title>
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
-
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "If Strike isn't Settled Quickly it may Last a While.");
-
 ?>
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    where template is:
+    Where template is:
    </para>
    <programlisting>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle', "If Strike isn't Settled Quickly it may Last a W
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -37,8 +36,10 @@ IF STRIKE ISN'T SETTLED QUICKLY IT MAY LAST A WHILE.
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.lower">lower</link> and
-   <link linkend="language.modifier.capitalize">capitalize</link>.
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.lower"><varname>lower</varname></link>
+    and
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.capitalize"><varname>capitalize</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
 
diff --git a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-wordwrap.xml b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-wordwrap.xml
index bb310178..0a9abfef 100644
--- a/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-wordwrap.xml
+++ b/docs/en/designers/language-modifiers/language-modifier-wordwrap.xml
@@ -3,15 +3,18 @@
  <sect1 id="language.modifier.wordwrap">
   <title>wordwrap</title>
     <para>
-     <command>wordwrap</command> wraps a string to a column width, default is 80. As
-     an optional second parameter, you can specify a string of text
-     to wrap the text to the next line (default is carriage return \n).
-     By default, {wordwrap} will attempt to wrap at a word boundary. If
-     you want to cut off at the exact character length, pass the optional
-     third parameter of true. This is equivalent to the PHP <ulink
-     url="&url.php-manual;wordwrap">wordwrap()</ulink> function.
+     Wraps a string to a column width,
+     the default is 80. As an optional second parameter,
+     you can specify a string of text
+     to wrap the text to the next line, the default is a carriage return
+     <literal>"\n"</literal>.
+     By default, <varname>wordwrap</varname> will attempt to wrap at a word
+     boundary. If  you want to cut off at the exact character length, pass
+     the optional third parameter as &true;. This is equivalent to the PHP
+     <ulink url="&url.php-manual;wordwrap"><varname>wordwrap()</varname></ulink>
+     function.
   </para>
-  
+
   <informaltable frame="all">
    <tgroup cols="5">
     <colspec colname="param" align="center" />
@@ -48,9 +51,9 @@
       <entry>3</entry>
       <entry>boolean</entry>
       <entry>No</entry>
-      <entry>false</entry>
+      <entry>&false;</entry>
       <entry>This determines whether or not to wrap at a
-       word boundary (false), or at the exact character (true).</entry>
+       word boundary (&false;), or at the exact character (&true;).</entry>
      </row>
     </tbody>
    </tgroup>
@@ -61,7 +64,7 @@
    <programlisting role="php">
 <![CDATA[
 <?php
-    
+
 $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
                 "Blind woman gets new kidney from dad she hasn't seen in years."
                );
@@ -70,23 +73,23 @@ $smarty->assign('articleTitle',
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-where template is
+    Where template is
    </para>
    <programlisting>
-<![CDATA[ 
+<![CDATA[
 {$articleTitle}
 
 {$articleTitle|wordwrap:30}
-    
+
 {$articleTitle|wordwrap:20}
-    
+
 {$articleTitle|wordwrap:30:"<br />\n"}
-    
+
 {$articleTitle|wordwrap:30:"\n":true}
 ]]>
    </programlisting>
    <para>
-    This will output:
+    Will output:
    </para>
    <screen>
 <![CDATA[
@@ -112,9 +115,10 @@ years.
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
-   See also <link linkend="language.modifier.nl2br">nl2br</link>
+   See also
+   <link linkend="language.modifier.nl2br"><varname>nl2br</varname></link>
    and
-   <link linkend="language.function.textformat">{textformat}</link>.
+   <link linkend="language.function.textformat"><varname>{textformat}</varname></link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>