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https://github.com/smarty-php/smarty.git
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Major tidy up, added index property and some examples
This commit is contained in:
pete_morgan
@@ -3,26 +3,17 @@
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<sect1 id="language.function.foreach">
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<title>{foreach},{foreachelse}</title>
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<para>
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<emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> loops are an alternative to
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<link
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linkend="language.function.section"><emphasis>{section}</emphasis></link>
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loops. <emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> is used to loop over a
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<emphasis role="bold">single associative array</emphasis>. The syntax for
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<emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> is much easier than
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<emphasis>{section}</emphasis>, but as a tradeoff it
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<emphasis role="bold">can only be used
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for a single array</emphasis>. <emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> tags must be
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paired with <emphasis>{/foreach}</emphasis> tags. Required parameters
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are <emphasis>from</emphasis> and <emphasis>item</emphasis>. The
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name of the {foreach} loop can be anything you like, made up of
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letters, numbers and underscores. <emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis>
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loops can be nested, and the nested {foreach} names must be unique
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from each other. The <emphasis>from</emphasis> variable (usually an
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array of values) determines the number of times
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<emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> will loop.
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<emphasis>{foreachelse}</emphasis> is executed when there are no
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values in the <emphasis>from</emphasis> variable.
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</para>
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<varname>{foreach}</varname> is used to loop over a
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<emphasis role="bold">single associative array</emphasis>,
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unlike <link linkend="language.function.section"><varname>{section}</varname></link>
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which is for looping over <emphasis role="bold">arrays of data</emphasis>.
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The syntax for
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<varname>{foreach}</varname> is much easier than
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<link linkend="language.function.section"><varname>{section}</varname></link>,
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but as a tradeoff it <emphasis role="bold">can only be used
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for a single array</emphasis>. Every <varname>{foreach}</varname> tag must be
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paired with a closing <varname>{/foreach}</varname> tag.
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</para>
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<informaltable frame="all">
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<tgroup cols="5">
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@@ -75,22 +66,81 @@
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</tgroup>
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</informaltable>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem><para>
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Required attributes are <parameter>from</parameter> and <parameter>item</parameter>.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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The <parameter>name</parameter> of the <varname>{foreach}</varname> loop can be anything
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you like, made up of letters, numbers and underscores, like
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<ulink url="&url.php-manual;language.variables">PHP variables</ulink>.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<varname>{foreach}</varname> loops can be nested, and the nested
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<varname>{foreach}</varname> names MUST be unique from each other.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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The <parameter>from</parameter> attribute, usually an array of values,
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determines the number of times <varname>{foreach}</varname> will loop.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<varname>{foreachelse}</varname> is executed when there are no
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values in the <parameter>from</parameter> variable.
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</para></listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<varname>{foreach}</varname> loops also have their own variables that handle properties.
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These are accessible as:
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<link linkend="language.variables.smarty.loops">
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<parameter>{$smarty.foreach.name.property}</parameter></link> with
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<quote>name</quote> being the <parameter>name</parameter> attribute.
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</para>
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<note>
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<title>Note</title>
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<para>The <parameter>name</parameter> attribute is only required when
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you want to access a <varname>{foreach</varname>} property, unlike
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<link linkend="language.function.section"><varname>{section}</varname></link>.
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Accessing a <varname>{foreach}</varname> property with <parameter>name</parameter>
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undefined does not throw an error, but leads to unpredictable results instead.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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<listitem><para>
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<varname>{foreach}</varname> properties are
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<link linkend="foreach.property.index"><parameter>index</parameter></link>,
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<link linkend="foreach.property.iteration"><parameter>iteration</parameter></link>,
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<link linkend="foreach.property.first"><parameter>first</parameter></link>,
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<link linkend="foreach.property.last"><parameter>last</parameter></link>,
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<link linkend="foreach.property.show"><parameter>show</parameter></link>,
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<link linkend="foreach.property.total"><parameter>total</parameter></link>.
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</para></listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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<example>
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<title>{foreach} - item</title>
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<title>The <parameter>item</parameter> attribute</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$arr = array( 1001,1002,1003);
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$smarty->assign('custid', $arr);
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$arr = array(1000, 1001, 1002);
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$smarty->assign('myArray', $arr);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>Template to output <parameter>$myArray</parameter> in an un-ordered list</para>
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<programlisting>
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<![CDATA[
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{* this example will print out all the values of the $custid array *}
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{foreach from=$custid item=curr_id}
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id: {$curr_id}<br />
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<ul>
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{foreach from=$myArray item=foo}
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<li>{$foo}</li>
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{/foreach}
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</ul>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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@@ -98,19 +148,92 @@ $smarty->assign('custid', $arr);
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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id: 1000<br />
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id: 1001<br />
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id: 1002<br />
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<ul>
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<li>1000</li>
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<li>1001</li>
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<li>1002</li>
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</ul>
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>Demonstrates the <parameter>item</parameter> and <parameter>key</parameter> attributes</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$arr = array(9 => 'Tennis', 3 => 'Swimming', 8 => 'Coding');
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$smarty->assign('myArray', $arr);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>Template to output <parameter>$myArray</parameter> as key/val pair,
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like PHP's <ulink url="&url.php-manual;foreach">foreach</ulink>.</para>
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<programlisting>
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<![CDATA[
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<ul>
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{foreach from=$myArray key=k item=v}
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<li>{$k}: {$v}</li>
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{/foreach}
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</ul>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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The above example will output:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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<ul>
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<li>9: Tennis</li>
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<li>3: Swimming</li>
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<li>8: Coding</li>
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</ul>
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>{foreach} with associative <parameter>item</parameter> attribute</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$items_list = array(23 => array('no' => 2456, 'label' => 'Salad'),
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96 => array('no' => 4889, 'label' => 'Cream')
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);
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$smarty->assign('items', $items_list);
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>Template to output <parameter>$items</parameter> with
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<parameter>$myId</parameter> in the url</para>
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<programlisting>
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<![CDATA[
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<ul>
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{foreach from=$items key=myId item=i}
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<li><a href="item.php?id={$myId}">{$i.no}: {$i.label}</li>
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{/foreach}
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</ul>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>
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The above example will output:
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</para>
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<screen>
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<![CDATA[
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<ul>
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<li><a href="item.php?id=23">2456: Salad</li>
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<li><a href="item.php?id=96">4889: Cream</li>
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</ul>
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]]>
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</screen>
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>{foreach} - item and key</title>
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<title>{foreach} with nested <parameter>item</parameter> and <parameter>key</parameter></title>
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<para>Assign an array to Smarty, the key contains the key for each looped value.</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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// The key contains the key for each looped value
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// assignment looks like this:
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<?php
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$smarty->assign('contacts', array(
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array('phone' => '1',
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@@ -123,6 +246,7 @@ id: 1002<br />
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>The template to output <parameter>$contact</parameter>.</para>
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<programlisting>
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<![CDATA[
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{foreach name=outer item=contact from=$contacts}
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@@ -151,78 +275,155 @@ id: 1002<br />
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</example>
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<example>
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<title>{foreach} - database example (eg PEAR or ADODB)</title>
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<title>Database example with {foreachelse}</title>
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<para>A database (eg PEAR or ADODB) example of a search script, the query results assigned to Smarty</para>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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<?php
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$sql = 'select contact_id, name, nick from contacts order by contact';
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$smarty->assign("contacts", $db->getAssoc($sql));
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$search_condition = "where name like '$foo%' ";
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$sql = 'select contact_id, name, nick from contacts '.$search_condition.' order by name';
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$smarty->assign('results', $db->getAssoc($sql) );
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?>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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<para>The template which display <quote>None found</quote>
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if no results with <varname>{foreachelse}</varname>.</para>
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<programlisting>
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<![CDATA[
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{foreach key=cid item=con from=$contacts}
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<a href="contact.php?contact_id={$cid}">{$con.name} - {$con.nick}</a><br />
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{foreach key=cid item=con from=$results}
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<a href="contact.php?contact_id={$cid}">{$con.name} - {$con.nick}</a><br />
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{foreachelse}
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No items were found in the search
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{/foreach}
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<para>
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{foreach} loops also have their own variables that handle {foreach} properties.
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These are indicated like so:
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<link linkend="language.variables.smarty.loops">{$smarty.foreach.foreachname.varname}</link>
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with
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foreachname being the name specified as the <emphasis>name</emphasis>
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attribute of foreach
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</para>
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<para>See <link linkend="section.property.index">{section}</link>
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for examples of the properties below as they are identical
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</para>
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<sect2 id="foreach.property.index">
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<title>.index</title>
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<para>
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<parameter>index</parameter> contains the current array index, starting with zero.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title><parameter>index</parameter> example</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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{* The header block is output every five rows *}
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<table>
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{foreach from=$items key=myId item=i name=foo}
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{if $smarty.foreach.foo.index % 5 == 0}
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<tr><th>Title</th></tr>
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{/if}
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<tr><td>{$i.label}</td></tr>
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{/foreach}
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</table>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="foreach.property.iteration">
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<title>iteration</title>
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<title>.iteration</title>
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<para>
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iteration is used to display the current loop iteration.Iteration always
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starts with 1 and is incremented by one on each iteration.
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<parameter>iteration</parameter> contains the current loop iteration and always
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starts at one, unlike <link linkend="foreach.property.index"><parameter>index</parameter></link>.
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It is incremented by one on each iteration.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title><parameter>iteration</parameter> and <parameter>index</parameter> example</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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{* this will output 0|1, 1|2, 2|3, ... etc *}
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{foreach from=$myArray item=i name=foo}
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{$smarty.foreach.foo.index}|{$smarty.foreach.foo.iteration},
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{/foreach}
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="foreach.property.first">
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<title>first</title>
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<title>.first</title>
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<para>
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<emphasis>first</emphasis> is set to true if the current foreach iteration is the first
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one.
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<parameter>first</parameter> is &true; if the current <varname>{foreach}</varname>
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iteration is the initial one.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title><parameter>first</parameter> property example</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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{* show LATEST on the first item, otherwise the id *}
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<table>
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{foreach from=$items key=myId item=i name=foo}
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<tr>
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<td>{if $smarty.foreach.foo.first}LATEST{else}{$myId}{/if}</td>
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<td>{$i.label}</td>
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</tr>
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{/foreach}
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</table>
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="foreach.property.last">
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<title>last</title>
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<title>.last</title>
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<para>
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<emphasis>last</emphasis> is set to true if the current foreach iteration is the last
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one.
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<parameter>last</parameter> is set to &true; if the current
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<varname>{foreach}</varname> iteration is the final one.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title><parameter>last</parameter> property example</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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{* Add horizontal rule at end of list *}
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{foreach from=$items key=part_id item=prod name=products}
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<a href="#{$part_id}">{$prod}</a>{if $smarty.foreach.products.last}<hr>{else},{/if}
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{foreachelse}
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... content ...
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{/foreach}
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="foreach.property.show">
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<title>show</title>
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<title>.show</title>
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<para>
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<emphasis>show</emphasis> is used as a parameter to foreach.
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<emphasis>show</emphasis> is a boolean value, true or false. If
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false, the foreach will not be displayed. If there is a foreachelse
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present, that will be alternately displayed.
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<parameter>show</parameter> is used as a parameter to <varname>{foreach}</varname>.
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<parameter>show</parameter> is a boolean value. If
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&false;, the <varname>{foreach}</varname> will not be displayed.
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If there is a <varname>{foreachelse}</varname> present, that will be alternately displayed.
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</para>
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</sect2>
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<sect2 id="foreach.property.total">
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<title>total</title>
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<title>.total</title>
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<para>
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<emphasis>total</emphasis> is used to display the number of iterations that this foreach
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will loop. This can be used inside or after the foreach.
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<parameter>total</parameter> contains the number of iterations that this
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<varname>{foreach}</varname> will loop.
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This can be used inside or after the <varname>{foreach}</varname>.
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</para>
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<example>
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<title><parameter>total</parameter> property example</title>
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<programlisting role="php">
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<![CDATA[
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{* show rows returned at end *}
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{foreach from=$items key=part_id item=prod name=foo}
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{$prod.name><hr/>
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{if $smarty.foreach.foo.last}
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<div id="total">{$smarty.foreach.foo.total} items</div>
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{/if}
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{foreachelse}
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... something else ...
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{/foreach}
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]]>
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</programlisting>
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</example>
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<para>
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See also <link linkend="language.function.section">{section}</link> and
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<link linkend="language.variables.smarty.loops">$smarty.foreach</link>.
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