Variable modifiers can be applied to variables, custom functions or strings. To apply a modifier, specify the value followed by the | (pipe) and the modifier name. A modifier may accept additional parameters that affect its behavior. These parameters follow the modifer name and are separated by : (colon). {$title|upper} {* Truncate the topic to 40 characters use ... at the end *} Topic: {$topic|truncate:40:"..."} {* format a literal string *} {"now"|date_format:"%Y/%m/%d"} {* apply modifier to a custom function *} {mailto|upper address="me@domain.dom"} ]]> If you apply a modifier to an array variable instead of a single value variable, the modifier will be applied to every value in that array. If you really want the modifier to work on an entire array as a value, you must prepend the modifier name with an @ symbol like so: {$articleTitle|@count} (this will print out the number of elements in the $articleTitle array.) Modifiers can be autoloaded from your $plugins_dir (also see: Naming Conventions) or can be registered explicitely (see: register_modifier). Additionally all php-functions can be used as modifiers implicitly. (The @count-example above actually uses php's count-function and not a smarty-modifier). Using php-functions as modifiers has two little pitfalls: First: Sometimes the order of the function-parameters is not the desirable one ({"%2.f"|sprintf:$float} actually works, but asks for the more intuitive. For example:{$float|string_format:"%2.f"} that is provided by the Smarty distribution). Second: with $security turned on all php-functions that are to be used as modifiers have to be declared trusted in the $security_settings['MODIFIER_FUNCS']-array. &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-capitalize; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-count-characters; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-cat; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-count-paragraphs; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-count-sentences; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-count-words; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-date-format; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-default; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-escape; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-indent; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-lower; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-nl2br; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-regex-replace; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-replace; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-spacify; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-string-format; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-strip; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-strip-tags; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-truncate; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-upper; &designers.language-modifiers.language-modifier-wordwrap;