append_by_ref() append values by reference voidappend_by_ref stringvarname mixedvar boolmerge This is used to append() values to the templates by reference. If you append a variable by reference then change its value, the appended value sees the change as well. For objects, append_by_ref() also avoids an in-memory copy of the appended object. See the PHP manual on variable referencing for an in-depth explanation. If you pass the optional third parameter of &true;, the value will be merged with the current array instead of appended. ¬e.parameter.merge; append_by_ref('Name', $myname); $smarty->append_by_ref('Address', $address); ?> ]]> See also append(), assign() and get_template_vars().