smarty/docs/en/appendixes/troubleshooting.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?>
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 <chapter id="troubleshooting">
  <title>Troubleshooting</title>
  <para></para>
  <sect1 id="smarty.php.errors">
   <title>Smarty/PHP errors</title>
   <para>
    Smarty can catch many errors such as missing tag attributes
    or malformed variable names. If this happens, you will see an error
    similar to the following:
   </para>
   <example>
    <title>Smarty errors</title>
    <screen>
<![CDATA[
Warning: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 4]: syntax error: unknown tag - '%blah'
       in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041

Fatal error: Smarty: [in index.tpl line 28]: syntax error: missing section name
       in /path/to/smarty/Smarty.class.php on line 1041
]]>
    </screen>
   </example>
   <para>
    Smarty shows you the template name, the line number and the error.
    After that, the error consists of the actual line number in the Smarty
    class that the error occured.
   </para>

   <para>
    There are certain errors that Smarty cannot catch, such as missing
    close tags. These types of errors usually end up in PHP compile-time
    parsing errors.
   </para>

   <example>
    <title>PHP parsing errors</title>
    <screen>
<![CDATA[
Parse error: parse error in /path/to/smarty/templates_c/index.tpl.php on line 75
]]>
    </screen>
   </example>

   <para>
    When you encounter a PHP parsing error, the error line number will
    correspond to the compiled PHP script, not the template itself. Usually
    you can look at the template and spot the syntax error. Here are some
    common things to look for: missing close tags for
    <link linkend="language.function.if">{if}{/if}</link> or
    <link linkend="language.function.if">{section}{/section}</link>,
    or syntax of logic within an {if} tag. If you
    can't find the error, you might have to open the compiled PHP file and
    go to the line number to figure out where the corresponding error is in
    the template.
   </para>


  <example>
    <title>Other common errors</title>

  <itemizedlist>
  <listitem>
    <screen>
<![CDATA[
Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "index.tpl" in...
or
Warning: Smarty error: unable to read resource: "site.conf" in...
]]>
    </screen>
    <para>
    <itemizedlist>
    <listitem>
      <para>
      The <link linkend="variable.template.dir">$template_dir</link>
      is incorrect, doesn't exist or
      the file <filename>index.tpl</filename> is not in the
      <filename class="directory">templates/</filename> directory
      </para>
    </listitem>
     <listitem>
        <para>
        A <link linkend="language.function.config.load">{config_load}</link>
        function is within a template (or
        <link linkend="api.config.load">config_load()</link>
        has been called) and either
        <link linkend="variable.config.dir">$config_dir</link>
        is incorrent , does not exist or
        <filename>site.conf</filename> is not in the directory.
        </para>
    </listitem>

    </itemizedlist>
    </para>

  </listitem><listitem>

    <screen>
<![CDATA[
Fatal error: Smarty error: the $compile_dir 'templates_c' does not exist,
or is not a directory...
]]>
    </screen>
    <para>
    Either the
    <link linkend="variable.compile.dir">$compile_dir</link>
    is incorrectly set, the directory does not exist,
    or <filename>templates_c</filename> is a
    file and not a directory.
    </para>
  </listitem><listitem>
    <screen>
<![CDATA[
Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $compile_dir '....
]]>
    </screen>
    <para>
    The <link linkend="variable.compile.dir">$compile_dir</link>
    is not writable by the web server. See the bottom of the
    <link linkend="installing.smarty.basic">installing smarty</link> page
    for permissions.
    </para>

  </listitem><listitem>

    <screen>
<![CDATA[
Fatal error: Smarty error: the $cache_dir 'cache' does not exist,
or is not a directory. in /..
]]>
    </screen>
    <para>
    This means that
    <link linkend="variable.caching">$caching</link> is enabled and either;
    the
    <link linkend="variable.cache.dir">$cache_dir</link>
    is incorrectly set, the directory does not exist,
    or <filename>cache</filename> is a
    file and not a directory.
    </para>

  </listitem><listitem>

    <screen>
<![CDATA[
Fatal error: Smarty error: unable to write to $cache_dir '/...
]]>
    </screen>
    <para>
    This means that
    <link linkend="variable.caching">$caching</link> is enabled and the
    <link linkend="variable.cache.dir">$cache_dir</link>
    is not writable by the web server. See the bottom of the
    <link linkend="installing.smarty.basic">installing smarty</link> page
    for permissions.
    </para>
 </listitem>
 </itemizedlist>
 </example>

   <para>
   See also
   <link linkend="chapter.debugging.console">debugging</link>,
   <link linkend="variable.error.reporting">$error_reporting</link>
   and
   <link linkend="api.trigger.error">trigger_error()</link>.
   </para>
  </sect1>
</chapter>
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