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smarty/docs/ru/designers/language-builtin-functions/language-function-foreach.xml
2005-12-30 15:43:38 +00:00

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="windows-1251"?>
<!-- $Revision$ -->
<!-- EN-Revision: 1.8 Maintainer: freespace Status: ready -->
<sect1 id="language.function.foreach">
<title>{foreach},{foreachelse}</title>
<para>
Öèêëû <emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> ÿâëÿþòñÿ àëüòåðíàòèâîé
öèêëàì <link
linkend="language.function.section"><emphasis>{section}</emphasis></link>.
<emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ïðîõîäà ïî
<emphasis role="bold">åäèíñòâåííîìó àññîöèàòèâíîìó ìàññèâó</emphasis>.
Ñèíòàêñèñ
<emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> íàìíîãî ïðîùå ñèíòàêñèñà
<emphasis>{section}</emphasis>, íî ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû
<emphasis role="bold">åãî ìîæíî èñïîëüçîâàòü òîëüêî äëÿ îäíîãî ìàññèâà</emphasis>.
Êàæäûé òýã <emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> äîëæåí èìåòü ïàðó
<emphasis>{/foreach}</emphasis>. Îáÿçàòåëüíûìè ïàðàìåòðàìè ÿâëÿþòñÿ
<emphasis>from</emphasis> è <emphasis>item</emphasis>.
Èìÿ öèêëà {foreach} ìîæåò áûòü ëþáûì, ñîñòîÿùèì èç áóêâ, öèôð è çíàêîâ
ïîä÷åðêèâàíèÿ. Öèêëû <emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis> ìîãóò áûòü âëîæåííûìè
è èìåíà âëîæåííûõ {foreach} äîëæíû áûòü óíèêàêëüíûìè ìåæäó ñîáîé.
Ïàðàìåòð <emphasis>from</emphasis> (îáû÷íî - ìàññèâ çíà÷åíèé)
îïðåäåëÿåò êîëè÷åñòâî èòåðàöèé öèêëà <emphasis>{foreach}</emphasis>.
<emphasis>{foreachelse}</emphasis> âûïîëíÿåòñÿ â òîì ñëó÷àå, åñëè
ïàðàìåòð <emphasis>from</emphasis> íå ñîäåðæèò çíà÷åíèé.
</para>
<informaltable frame="all">
<tgroup cols="5">
<colspec colname="param" align="center" />
<colspec colname="type" align="center" />
<colspec colname="required" align="center" />
<colspec colname="default" align="center" />
<colspec colname="desc" />
<thead>
<row>
<entry>Èìÿ àòðèáóòà</entry>
<entry>Òèï</entry>
<entry>Îáÿçàòåëåí</entry>
<entry>Ïî óìîë÷àíèþ</entry>
<entry>Îïèñàíèå</entry>
</row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>from</entry>
<entry>array</entry>
<entry>Äà</entry>
<entry><emphasis>n/a</emphasis></entry>
<entry>Ìàññèâ, ïî êîòîðîìó íàäî ïðîéòèñü</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>item</entry>
<entry>string</entry>
<entry>Äà</entry>
<entry><emphasis>n/a</emphasis></entry>
<entry>Èìÿ ïåðåìåííîé, êîòîðàÿ áóäåò âûñòóïàòü â
êà÷åñòâå çíà÷åíèÿ òåêóùåãî åëåìåíòà</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>key</entry>
<entry>string</entry>
<entry>Íåò</entry>
<entry><emphasis>n/a</emphasis></entry>
<entry>Èìÿ ïåðåìåííîé, êîòîðàÿ áóäåò âûñòóïàòü â
êà÷åñòâå êëþ÷à òåêóùåãî åëåìåíòà</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>name</entry>
<entry>string</entry>
<entry>Íåò</entry>
<entry><emphasis>n/a</emphasis></entry>
<entry>Íàçâàíèå öèêëà foreach äëÿ äîñòóïà ê åãî
ñâîéñòâàì</entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</informaltable>
<example>
<title>{foreach} - ïðåäìåò</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$arr = array( 1001,1002,1003);
$smarty->assign('custid', $arr);
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
{* ýòîò ïðèìåð íàïå÷àòàåò âñå ïåðåìåííûå ìàññèâà $custid *}
{foreach from=$custid item=curr_id}
id: {$curr_id}<br />
{/foreach}
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>
Ðåçóëüòàò âûïîëíåíèÿ äàííîãî ïðèìåðà:
</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
id: 1000<br />
id: 1001<br />
id: 1002<br />
]]>
</screen>
</example>
<example>
<title>{foreach} - ïðåäìåò è êëþ÷</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
// Êëþ÷ ñîäåðæèò êëþ÷ äëÿ êàæäîãî çíà÷åíèÿ èç öèêëà
// íàçíà÷åíèå âûãëÿäèò ïðèìåðíî òàê:
<?php
$smarty->assign('contacts', array(
array('phone' => '1',
'fax' => '2',
'cell' => '3'),
array('phone' => '555-4444',
'fax' => '555-3333',
'cell' => '760-1234')
));
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
{foreach name=outer item=contact from=$contacts}
<hr />
{foreach key=key item=item from=$contact}
{$key}: {$item}&lt;br&gt;
{$key}: {$item}<br />
{/foreach}
{/foreach}
]]>
</programlisting>
<para>
Ðåçóëüòàò âûïîëíåíèÿ äàííîãî ïðèìåðà:
</para>
<screen>
<![CDATA[
<hr />
phone: 1<br />
fax: 2<br />
cell: 3<br />
<hr />
phone: 555-4444<br />
fax: 555-3333<br />
cell: 760-1234<br />
]]>
</screen>
</example>
<example>
<title>{foreach} - áàçû äàííûõ (ê ïðèìåðó, PEAR èëè ADODB)</title>
<programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$sql = 'select contact_id, name, nick from contacts order by contact';
$smarty->assign("contacts", $db->getAssoc($sql));
?>
]]>
</programlisting>
<programlisting>
<![CDATA[
{foreach key=cid item=con from=$contacts}
<a href="contact.php?contact_id={$cid}">{$con.name} - {$con.nick}</a><br />
{/foreach}
]]>
</programlisting>
</example>
<para>
Öèêëû {foreach} òàêæå èìåþò ñîáñòâåííûå ïåðåìåííûå, êîòîðûå ñîäåðæàò ñâîéñòâà
{foreach}.
Îíè îáîçíà÷àþòñÿ òàê:
<link linkend="language.variables.smarty.loops">{$smarty.foreach.foreachname.varname}</link>
{$smarty.foreach.foreachname.varname}, ãäå foreachname - ýòî íàçâàíèå öèêëà
(çíà÷åíèå àòðèáóòà <emphasis>name</emphasis>).
</para>
<para>
Ñì. <link linkend="section.property.index">{section}</link>
äëÿ ïðèìåðîâ ñëåäóþùèõ ñâîéñòâ, òàê êàê îíè èäåíòè÷íû.
</para>
<sect2 id="foreach.property.iteration">
<title>iteration</title>
<para>
iteration èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ îòîáðàæåíèÿ òåêóùåãî íîìåðà èòåðàöèè öèêëà.
Èòåðàöèè âñåãäà íà÷èíàþòñÿ ñ 1 è óâåëè÷èâàþòñÿ íà îäíó ïðè êàæäîì
ïðîõîæäåíèè öèêëà.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="foreach.property.first">
<title>first</title>
<para>
<emphasis>first</emphasis> óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ â true, åñëè òåêóùàÿ èòåðàöèÿ ïåðâàÿ.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="foreach.property.last">
<title>last</title>
<para>
<emphasis>last</emphasis> óñòàíàâëèâàåòñÿ â true, åñëè òåêóùàÿ èòåðàöèÿ ïîñëåäíÿÿ.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="foreach.property.show">
<title>show</title>
<para>
Àòðèáóò <emphasis>show</emphasis> ìîæåò ïðèíèìàòü ëîãè÷åñêèå
çíà÷åíèÿ (èñòèíà èëè ëîæü). Åñëè ëîæü, òî öèêë foreach íå áóäåò
îòîáðàæàòüñÿ. Åñëè ïðèñóòñòâóåò òýã foreachelse, òî îí áóäåò
îòîáðàæåí.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="foreach.property.total">
<title>total</title>
<para>
<emphasis>total</emphasis> õðàíèò êîëè÷åñòâî èòåðàöèé öèêëà.
Ìîæåò áûòü èñïîëüçîâàíî êàê â öèêëå, òàê è âíå åãî.
</para>
<para>
Ñì. òàêæå <link linkend="language.function.section">{section}</link> è
<link linkend="language.variables.smarty.loops">$smarty.foreach</link>.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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