diff --git a/wolfcrypt/src/asn.c b/wolfcrypt/src/asn.c
index b186f3c0b..bf4ae6c13 100644
--- a/wolfcrypt/src/asn.c
+++ b/wolfcrypt/src/asn.c
@@ -36869,7 +36869,8 @@ static const ASNItem edKeyASN[] = {
                                          /* privateKey */
 /* PKEY           */        { 1, ASN_OCTET_STRING, 0, 1, 0 },
                                              /* CurvePrivateKey */
-/* PKEY_CURVEPKEY */            { 2, ASN_OCTET_STRING, 0, 0, 0 },
+/* PKEY_CURVEPKEY */            { 2, ASN_OCTET_STRING, 0, 0, 2 },
+/* PKEY_MLDSASEQ  */            { 2, ASN_SEQUENCE, 1, 0, 2 },
                                          /* attributes */
 /* ATTRS          */        { 1, ASN_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC | ASN_ASYMKEY_ATTRS, 1, 1, 1 },
                                          /* publicKey */
@@ -36882,6 +36883,7 @@ enum {
     EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEYALGO_OID,
     EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY,
     EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_CURVEPKEY,
+    EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_MLDSASEQ,
     EDKEYASN_IDX_ATTRS,
     EDKEYASN_IDX_PUBKEY
 };
@@ -36947,8 +36949,15 @@ int DecodeAsymKey_Assign(const byte* input, word32* inOutIdx, word32 inSz,
         if (GetOctetString(input, inOutIdx, &length, inSz) < 0)
             return ASN_PARSE_E;
 
-        if (GetOctetString(input, inOutIdx, &privSz, inSz) < 0)
-            return ASN_PARSE_E;
+        if (GetOctetString(input, inOutIdx, &privSz, inSz) < 0) {
+            if (oid != ML_DSA_LEVEL2k && oid != ML_DSA_LEVEL3k &&
+                    oid != ML_DSA_LEVEL5k) {
+                return ASN_PARSE_E;
+            }
+            if (GetSequence(input, inOutIdx, &privSz, inSz) < 0) {
+                return ASN_PARSE_E;
+            }
+        }
 
         priv = input + *inOutIdx;
         *inOutIdx += (word32)privSz;
@@ -37026,11 +37035,24 @@ int DecodeAsymKey_Assign(const byte* input, word32* inOutIdx, word32 inSz,
                 (int)dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEYALGO_OID].data.oid.sum;
         }
     }
-    if (ret == 0) {
+    if (ret == 0 && dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_CURVEPKEY].data.ref.length != 0) {
         /* Import private value. */
         *privKeyLen = dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_CURVEPKEY].data.ref.length;
         *privKey = dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_CURVEPKEY].data.ref.data;
     }
+    else if (ret == 0 &&
+             dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_MLDSASEQ].data.ref.length != 0) {
+        if (*inOutKeyType != ML_DSA_LEVEL2k &&
+                *inOutKeyType != ML_DSA_LEVEL3k &&
+                *inOutKeyType != ML_DSA_LEVEL5k) {
+            ret = ASN_PARSE_E;
+        }
+        else {
+            /* Import private value. */
+            *privKeyLen = dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_MLDSASEQ].data.ref.length;
+            *privKey = dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_MLDSASEQ].data.ref.data;
+        }
+    }
     if ((ret == 0) && dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PUBKEY].tag == 0) {
         /* Set public length to 0 as not seen. */
         if (pubKeyLen != NULL)
@@ -37454,6 +37476,8 @@ int SetAsymKeyDer(const byte* privKey, word32 privKeyLen,
         SetASN_Buffer(&dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_CURVEPKEY], NULL, privKeyLen);
         /* Don't write out attributes. */
         dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_ATTRS].noOut = 1;
+        /* Don't write sequence. */
+        dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PKEY_MLDSASEQ].noOut = 1;
         if (pubKey) {
             /* Leave space for public key. */
             SetASN_Buffer(&dataASN[EDKEYASN_IDX_PUBKEY], NULL, pubKeyLen);
diff --git a/wolfcrypt/src/dilithium.c b/wolfcrypt/src/dilithium.c
index 6e3266412..65e301473 100644
--- a/wolfcrypt/src/dilithium.c
+++ b/wolfcrypt/src/dilithium.c
@@ -9660,6 +9660,31 @@ int dilithium_get_oid_sum(dilithium_key* key, int* keyFormat) {
 
 #if defined(WOLFSSL_DILITHIUM_PRIVATE_KEY)
 
+/* OCT <seed of 32 bytes> OCT <private key data of more than 256 bytes> */
+#define ALT_PRIV_DER_PREFIX       (2 + 32 + 4)
+/* SEQ [ OCT <seed of 32 bytes> OCT <private key data> ] */
+#define ALT_PRIV_DER_PREFIX_SEQ   (4 + 2 + 32 + 4)
+
+/* Get the private only key size for the ML-DSA level/parameter id.
+ *
+ * @param [in] level  Level of the ML-DSA key.
+ * @return  Private key only encoding size for key level on success.
+ * @return  0 on failure.
+ */
+static word32 dilithium_get_priv_size(int level)
+{
+    switch (level) {
+        case WC_ML_DSA_44:
+            return ML_DSA_LEVEL2_KEY_SIZE;
+        case WC_ML_DSA_65:
+            return ML_DSA_LEVEL3_KEY_SIZE;
+        case WC_ML_DSA_87:
+            return ML_DSA_LEVEL5_KEY_SIZE;
+        default:
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
 /* Decode the DER encoded Dilithium key.
  *
  * @param [in]      input     Array holding DER encoded data.
@@ -9746,6 +9771,19 @@ int wc_Dilithium_PrivateKeyDecode(const byte* input, word32* inOutIdx,
                 ret = wc_dilithium_set_level(key, (byte)ret);
             }
         }
+        /* If it failed to decode try alternative DER encoding. */
+        else if (ret != 0) {
+            word32 levelSize = dilithium_get_priv_size(key->level);
+            privKey = input + *inOutIdx;
+            privKeyLen = inSz - *inOutIdx;
+
+            /* Check for an alternative DER encoding. */
+            if (privKeyLen == ALT_PRIV_DER_PREFIX_SEQ + levelSize) {
+                privKey += ALT_PRIV_DER_PREFIX_SEQ;
+                privKeyLen -= ALT_PRIV_DER_PREFIX_SEQ;
+                ret = 0;
+            }
+        }
     }
     if ((ret == 0) && (pubKey == NULL) && (pubKeyLen == 0)) {
         /* Check if the public key is included in the private key. */
@@ -9791,6 +9829,14 @@ int wc_Dilithium_PrivateKeyDecode(const byte* input, word32* inOutIdx,
             pubKeyLen = ML_DSA_LEVEL5_PUB_KEY_SIZE;
             privKeyLen -= ML_DSA_LEVEL5_PUB_KEY_SIZE;
         }
+        else {
+            word32 levelSize = dilithium_get_priv_size(key->level);
+
+            if (privKeyLen == ALT_PRIV_DER_PREFIX + levelSize) {
+                privKey += ALT_PRIV_DER_PREFIX;
+                privKeyLen -= ALT_PRIV_DER_PREFIX;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     if (ret == 0) {