Remove SlotData

Because a slot id is smaller than a pointer, this change will ultimately allow reducing the slot size.

.clang-format

@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 # http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormatStyleOptions.html
 
 BasedOnStyle: Google
-Standard: Cpp03
+Standard: c++11
 AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty
+IncludeBlocks: Preserve
+IndentPPDirectives: AfterHash
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+
+# Always break after if to get accurate coverage
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false

.devcontainer/clang10/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 10",
+	"image": "conanio/clang10",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang10"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang11/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 11",
+	"image": "conanio/clang11",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang11"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang13/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-13 libc++-13-dev libc++abi-13-dev
+ENV CC=clang-13 CXX=clang++-13

.devcontainer/clang13/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 13",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang13"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang14/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-14 libc++-14-dev libc++abi-14-dev
+ENV CC=clang-14 CXX=clang++-14

.devcontainer/clang14/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 14",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang14"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang15/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-15 libc++-15-dev libc++abi-15-dev
+ENV CC=clang-15 CXX=clang++-15

.devcontainer/clang15/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 15",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang15"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang16/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-16 libc++-16-dev libc++abi-16-dev
+ENV CC=clang-16 CXX=clang++-16

.devcontainer/clang16/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 16",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang16"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang17/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:24.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-17 libc++-17-dev libc++abi-17-dev
+ENV CC=clang-17 CXX=clang++-17

.devcontainer/clang17/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 17",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang17"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang5/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 5",
+	"image": "conanio/clang50",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang5"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang6/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 6",
+	"image": "conanio/clang60",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang6"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang7/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 7",
+	"image": "conanio/clang7",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang7"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang8/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 8",
+	"image": "conanio/clang8",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang8"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang9/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 9",
+	"image": "conanio/clang9",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang9"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc10/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 10",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc10",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc10"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc11/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 11",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc11",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc11"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc12/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git g++-12

.devcontainer/gcc12/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 12",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc12"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc48/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 4.8",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc48",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc48"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
+				"josetr.cmake-language-support-vscode",
+				"ms-vscode.cpptools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc5/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 5",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc5",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc5"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc6/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 6",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc6",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc6"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc7/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 7",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc7",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc7"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc8/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 8",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc8",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc8"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc9/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 9",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc9",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc9"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.gitattributes

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-*.sh text eol=lf
+* text=auto
+*.sh text eol=lf

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+github: bblanchon
+custom:
+  - https://arduinojson.org/book/
+  - https://donate.benoitblanchon.fr/

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-<!--
-Before opening an issue, please read the FAQ:
-https://arduinojson.org/faq/
-
-Please provide all the relevant information:
-* good title
-* short description of the problem
-* target platform
-* compiler model and version
-* MVCE (https://stackoverflow.com/help/mcve)
-* compiler output
-
-Good questions get fast answers!
--->

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+name: 🐛 Bug report
+about: Report a bug in ArduinoJson
+title: ''
+labels: 'bug'
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+<!-- ⚠️ IMPORTANT ⚠️
+Before opening a bug report, please use the ArduinoJson Troubleshooter as it may find a solution to your issue; if not, please include the  Troubleshooter's report in the description.
+-->
+
+**Describe the bug**  
+A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
+
+**Troubleshooter report**  
+Here is the report generated by the [ArduinoJson Troubleshooter](https://arduinojson.org/v7/troubleshooter/):  
+[Paste the report here]
+
+**Environment**  
+Here is the environment that I used:
+* Microcontroller: [e.g. ESP8266]
+* Core/runtime: [e.g. ESP8266 core for Arduino v3.0.2]
+* IDE: [e.g. Arduino IDE 1.8.16]
+
+**Reproduction**  
+Here is a small snippet that reproduces the issue.
+
+```c++
+JsonDocument doc;
+
+DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, "{\"hello\":\"world\"}");
+
+[insert repro code here]
+```
+
+**Compiler output**    
+If relevant, include the complete compiler output (i.e. not just the line that contains the error.)
+
+
+**Program output**  
+If relevant, include the repro program output.
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+[insert expected output here]
+```
+
+Actual output:
+
+```
+[insert actual output here]
+```

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: true
+contact_links:
+  - name: 👨‍🏫 ArduinoJson Assistant
+    url: https://arduinojson.org/v7/assistant/
+    about: An online tool that computes memory requirements and generates scaffolding code for your project.
+  - name: 👨‍⚕️ ArduinoJson Troubleshooter
+    url: https://arduinojson.org/v7/troubleshooter/
+    about: An online tool that helps you diagnose the most common issues with ArduinoJson.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+name: 💡 Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for ArduinoJson
+title: ''
+labels: enhancement
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**  
+A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like**  
+A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**  
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Additional context**  
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/help.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+name: 😭 Help!
+about: Ask for help
+title: ''
+labels: 'question'
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+<!-- ⚠️ IMPORTANT ⚠️
+Before asking for help, please use the ArduinoJson Troubleshooter as it may find a solution to your issue; if not, please include the  Troubleshooter's report in the description.
+-->
+
+**Describe the issue**  
+A clear and concise description of what you're trying to do.
+You don't need to explain every aspect of your project: focus on the problem you're having.
+
+**Troubleshooter report**  
+Here is the report generated by the [ArduinoJson Troubleshooter](https://arduinojson.org/v7/troubleshooter/):  
+[Paste the report here]
+
+**Environment**  
+Here is the environment that I'm using':
+* Microconroller: [e.g. ESP8266]
+* Core/runtime: [e.g. ESP8266 core for Arduino v3.0.2]
+* IDE: [e.g. Arduino IDE 1.8.16]
+
+**Reproduction**  
+Here is a small snippet that demonstrate the problem.
+
+```c++
+JsonDocument doc;
+
+DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, "{\"hello\":\"world\"}");
+
+// insert code here
+```
+
+**Program output**  
+If relevant, include the program output.
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+[insert expected output here]
+```
+
+Actual output:
+
+```
+[insert actual output here]
+```

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+name: Continuous Integration
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    name: Lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y clang-format
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Symlinks
+        run: find * -type l -printf "::error::%p is a symlink. This is forbidden by the Arduino Library Specification." -exec false {} +
+      - name: Clang-format
+        run: |
+          find src/ extras/ -name '*.[ch]pp' | xargs clang-format -i --verbose --style=file
+          git diff --exit-code
+      - name: Check URLs
+        run: |
+          grep -hREo "(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_%:-]*" src/ | sort -u | while read -r URL
+          do
+            STATUS=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -I -w "%{http_code}" "$URL")
+            [ "$STATUS" -ge 400 ] && echo "::warning title=HTTP $STATUS::$URL returned $STATUS"
+          done || true
+
+  gcc:
+    name: GCC
+    needs: lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - gcc: "4.8"
+          - gcc: "5"
+          - gcc: "6"
+          - gcc: "7"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=leak -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+          - gcc: "8"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+          - gcc: "9"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=address -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+          - gcc: "10"
+            cxxflags: -funsigned-char # Issue #1715
+          - gcc: "11"
+          - gcc: "12"
+    steps:
+      - name: Workaround for actions/runner-images#9491
+        run: sudo sysctl vm.mmap_rnd_bits=28
+
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 40976EAF437D05B5 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main universe'
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main universe'
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main universe'
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y gcc-${{ matrix.gcc }} g++-${{ matrix.gcc }}
+        timeout-minutes: 5
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        timeout-minutes: 1
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+        env:
+          CC: gcc-${{ matrix.gcc }}
+          CXX: g++-${{ matrix.gcc }}
+          CXXFLAGS: ${{ matrix.cxxflags }}
+        timeout-minutes: 1
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build .
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+        env:
+          UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1
+        timeout-minutes: 2
+
+  clang:
+    name: Clang
+    needs: lint
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - clang: "7"
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+            archive: focal
+          - clang: "8"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=leak -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+            archive: focal
+          - clang: "9"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+            archive: focal
+          - clang: "10"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=address -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+            archive: focal
+          - clang: "11"
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+          - clang: "12"
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+          - clang: "13"
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+          - clang: 14
+          - clang: 15
+          - clang: 16
+          - clang: 17
+          - clang: 18
+          - clang: 19
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Add archive repositories
+        if: matrix.archive
+        run: |
+          sudo gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
+          sudo gpg --export 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32 | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ ${{ matrix.archive }} main'
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ ${{ matrix.archive }} universe'
+      - name: Install Clang ${{ matrix.clang }}
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y clang-${{ matrix.clang }}
+      - name: Install libc++ ${{ matrix.clang }}
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libc++-${{ matrix.clang }}-dev libc++abi-${{ matrix.clang }}-dev
+      - name: Install libunwind ${{ matrix.clang }}
+        if: matrix.clang == 12 # dependency is missing in Ubuntu 22.04
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libunwind-${{ matrix.clang }}-dev
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+        env:
+          CC: clang-${{ matrix.clang }}
+          CXX: clang++-${{ matrix.clang }}
+          CXXFLAGS: >-
+            ${{ matrix.cxxflags }}
+            ${{ matrix.clang < 11 && '-I/usr/lib/llvm-10/include/c++/v1/' || '' }}
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build .
+      - name: Test
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+        env:
+          UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1
+
+  conf_test:
+    name: Test configuration on Linux
+    needs: [gcc, clang]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y g++-multilib gcc-avr avr-libc
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: AVR
+        run: avr-g++ -std=c++11 -Isrc extras/conf_test/avr.cpp
+      - name: GCC 32-bit
+        run: g++ -std=c++11 -m32 -Isrc extras/conf_test/x86.cpp
+      - name: GCC 64-bit
+        run: g++ -std=c++11 -m64 -Isrc extras/conf_test/x64.cpp
+      - name: Clang 32-bit
+        run: clang++ -std=c++11 -m32 -Isrc extras/conf_test/x86.cpp
+      - name: Clang 64-bit
+        run: clang++ -std=c++11 -m64 -Isrc extras/conf_test/x64.cpp
+
+  conf_test_windows:
+    name: Test configuration on Windows
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    needs: [gcc, clang]
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: 32-bit
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat"
+          cl /Isrc extras/conf_test/x86.cpp
+        shell: cmd
+      - name: 64-bit
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+          cl /Isrc extras/conf_test/x64.cpp
+        shell: cmd
+
+  xcode:
+    name: XCode
+    needs: clang
+    runs-on: macos-13
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - xcode: "14.1"
+          - xcode: "14.2"
+          - xcode: "14.3.1"
+          - xcode: "15.0.1"
+          - xcode: "15.1"
+          - xcode: "15.2"
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Select XCode version
+        run: sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_${{ matrix.xcode }}.app
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build .
+      - name: Test
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+
+  # DISABLED: Running on AppVeyor instead because it supports older versions of the compiler
+  # msvc:
+  #   name: Visual Studio
+  #   strategy:
+  #     fail-fast: false
+  #     matrix:
+  #       include:
+  #         - os: windows-2016
+  #         - os: windows-2019
+  #   runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+  #   steps:
+  #     - name: Checkout
+  #       uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  #     - name: Configure
+  #       run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+  #     - name: Build
+  #       run: cmake --build .
+  #     - name: Test
+  #       run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+
+  arduino:
+    name: Arduino
+    needs: gcc
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - core: arduino:avr
+            board: arduino:avr:uno
+          - core: arduino:samd
+            board: arduino:samd:mkr1000
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install arduino-cli
+        run: curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=/usr/local/bin sh
+      - name: Install core
+        run: arduino-cli core install ${{ matrix.core }}
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: arduino-cli lib install SD Ethernet
+      - name: Build JsonConfigFile
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonConfigFile/JsonConfigFile.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonFilterExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonFilterExample/JsonFilterExample.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonGeneratorExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonGeneratorExample/JsonGeneratorExample.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonHttpClient
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonHttpClient/JsonHttpClient.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonParserExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonParserExample/JsonParserExample.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonServer
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonServer/JsonServer.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonUdpBeacon
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonUdpBeacon/JsonUdpBeacon.ino"
+      - name: Build MsgPackParser
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/MsgPackParser/MsgPackParser.ino"
+      - name: Build ProgmemExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/ProgmemExample/ProgmemExample.ino"
+      - name: Build StringExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/StringExample/StringExample.ino"
+
+  platformio:
+    name: PlatformIO
+    needs: gcc
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - platform: atmelavr
+            board: leonardo
+            libraries:
+              - SD
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: avr
+          - platform: espressif8266
+            board: huzzah
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: espressif32
+            board: esp32dev
+            libraries:
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: atmelsam
+            board: mkr1000USB
+            libraries:
+              - SD
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: teensy
+            board: teensy31
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: ststm32
+            board: adafruit_feather_f405
+            libraries:
+              - SD
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: nordicnrf52
+            board: adafruit_feather_nrf52840
+            libraries:
+              - SD
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: esp8266
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Set up cache for pip
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cache/pip
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip
+      - name: Set up Python 3.x
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+      - name: Install PlatformIO
+        run: pip install platformio
+      - name: Install adafruit-nrfutil
+        if: ${{ matrix.platform == 'nordicnrf52' }}
+        run: pip install adafruit-nrfutil
+      - name: Include Adafruit_TinyUSB.h # https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_nRF52_Arduino/issues/653
+        if: ${{ matrix.platform == 'nordicnrf52' }}
+        run: find examples/ -name '*.ino' -exec sed -i 's/\(#include <ArduinoJson.h>\)/\1\n#include <Adafruit_TinyUSB.h>/' {} +
+      - name: Set up cache for platformio
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.platformio
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-platformio-${{ matrix.platform }}
+      - name: Install platform "${{ matrix.platform }}"
+        run: platformio platform install ${{ matrix.platform }}
+      - name: Install libraries
+        if: ${{ matrix.libraries }}
+        run: platformio lib install arduino-libraries/${{ join(matrix.libraries, ' arduino-libraries/') }}
+      - name: Test configuration
+        run: platformio ci "extras/conf_test/${{ matrix.conf_test }}.cpp" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.conf_test }}
+      - name: Build JsonConfigFile
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonConfigFile/JsonConfigFile.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonFilterExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonFilterExample/JsonFilterExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonGeneratorExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonGeneratorExample/JsonGeneratorExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonHttpClient
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonHttpClient/JsonHttpClient.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonParserExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonParserExample/JsonParserExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonServer
+        if: ${{ matrix.platform != 'espressif32' }}
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonServer/JsonServer.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonUdpBeacon
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonUdpBeacon/JsonUdpBeacon.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build MsgPackParser
+        run: platformio ci "examples/MsgPackParser/MsgPackParser.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build ProgmemExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/ProgmemExample/ProgmemExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build StringExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/StringExample/StringExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: PlatformIO prune
+        if: ${{ always() }}
+        run: platformio system prune -f
+
+  particle:
+    name: Particle
+    needs: gcc
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name == 'push'
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - board: argon
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Particle CLI
+        run: sudo npm install -g particle-cli
+      - name: Login to Particle
+        run: particle login -t "${{ secrets.PARTICLE_TOKEN }}"
+      - name: Compile
+        run: extras/ci/particle.sh ${{ matrix.board }}
+
+  arm:
+    name: GCC for ARM processor
+    needs: gcc
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake .
+        env:
+          CC: arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
+          CXX: arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build .
+
+  coverage:
+    needs: gcc
+    name: Coverage
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y lcov ninja-build
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -DCOVERAGE=true .
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja
+      - name: Test
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -LE 'WillFail|Fuzzing' -T test
+      - name: lcov --capture
+        run: lcov --capture --no-external --directory . --output-file coverage.info
+      - name: lcov --remove
+        run: lcov --remove coverage.info "$(pwd)/extras/*" --output-file coverage_filtered.info
+      - name: genhtml
+        run: mkdir coverage && genhtml coverage_filtered.info -o coverage -t ArduinoJson
+      - name: Upload HTML report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Coverage report
+          path: coverage
+      - name: Upload to Coveralls
+        uses: coverallsapp/github-action@v2
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          path-to-lcov: coverage_filtered.info
+
+  valgrind:
+    needs: gcc
+    name: Valgrind
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y valgrind ninja-build
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -D MEMORYCHECK_COMMAND_OPTIONS="--error-exitcode=1 --leak-check=full"  .
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja
+      - name: Memcheck
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -LE WillFail -T memcheck
+        id: memcheck
+      - name: MemoryChecker.*.log
+        run: cat Testing/Temporary/MemoryChecker.*.log > $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+        if: failure()
+
+  clang-tidy:
+    needs: clang
+    name: Clang-Tidy
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y clang-tidy libc++-dev libc++abi-dev
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -DCMAKE_CXX_CLANG_TIDY="clang-tidy;--warnings-as-errors=*" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+        env:
+          CC: clang
+          CXX: clang++
+      - name: Check
+        run: cmake --build . -- -k 0
+
+  amalgamate:
+    needs: gcc
+    name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.h
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Setup
+        run: |
+          if [[ $GITHUB_REF == refs/tags/* ]]; then
+            VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
+          else
+            VERSION=${GITHUB_SHA::7}
+          fi
+          echo "ARDUINOJSON_H=ArduinoJson-$VERSION.h" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "ARDUINOJSON_HPP=ArduinoJson-$VERSION.hpp" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.h
+        run: extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh "src/ArduinoJson.h" "$ARDUINOJSON_H"
+      - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.hpp
+        run: extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh "src/ArduinoJson.hpp" "$ARDUINOJSON_HPP"
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Single headers
+          path: |
+            ${{ env.ARDUINOJSON_H }}
+            ${{ env.ARDUINOJSON_HPP }}
+      - name: Smoke test ArduinoJson.h
+        run: |
+          g++ -x c++ - <<END
+          #include "$ARDUINOJSON_H"
+          int main() {
+            JsonDocument doc;
+            deserializeJson(doc, "{}");
+          }
+          END
+      - name: Smoke test ArduinoJson.hpp
+        run: |
+          g++ -x c++ - <<END
+          #include "$ARDUINOJSON_HPP"
+          int main() {
+            ArduinoJson::JsonDocument doc;
+            deserializeJson(doc, "{}");
+          }
+          END
+
+  esp-idf:
+    needs: gcc
+    name: ESP-IDF
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.espressif
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-esp-idf
+      - name: Checkout ArduinoJson
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout ESP-IDF
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          repository: espressif/esp-idf
+          path: esp-idf
+          submodules: true
+      - name: Install ESP-IDF
+        run: ./esp-idf/install.sh
+      - name: Add component
+        # NOTE: we cannot commit the symlink because the Arduino Library Specification forbids it.
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p extras/ci/espidf/components
+          ln -s $PWD extras/ci/espidf/components/ArduinoJson
+      - name: Build example
+        run: |
+          source esp-idf/export.sh
+          cd extras/ci/espidf
+          idf.py build
+
+  codeql:
+    name: CodeQL
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    needs: gcc
+
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+        with:
+          languages: cpp
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+          cmake --build .
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+        with:
+          category: "/language:cpp"

.github/workflows/lock.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: Lock Threads
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+
+jobs:
+  lock:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v5
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          issue-inactive-days: 30

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - v*.*.*
+
+jobs:
+  release:
+    name: Create release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Set variables
+        id: init
+        run: |
+          echo "tag=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "version=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Write release body
+        id: body
+        run: |
+          FILENAME=RELEASE.md
+          tee $FILENAME <<END
+          ## Changes
+
+          $(extras/scripts/extract_changes.awk CHANGELOG.md)
+
+          [View version history](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/blob/${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }}/CHANGELOG.md)
+          END
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.h
+        id: amalgamate_h
+        run: |
+          FILENAME=ArduinoJson-${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }}.h
+          extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh src/ArduinoJson.h "$FILENAME"
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.hpp
+        id: amalgamate_hpp
+        run: |
+          FILENAME=ArduinoJson-${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }}.hpp
+          extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh src/ArduinoJson.hpp "$FILENAME"
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Create release
+        uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
+        with:
+          bodyFile: ${{ steps.body.outputs.filename }}
+          name: ArduinoJson ${{ steps.init.outputs.version }}
+          artifacts: ${{ steps.amalgamate_h.outputs.filename }},${{ steps.amalgamate_hpp.outputs.filename }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+  idf:
+    name: IDF Component Registry
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Upload component to the component registry
+        uses: espressif/upload-components-ci-action@v1
+        with:
+          name: ArduinoJson
+          namespace: bblanchon
+          api_token: ${{ secrets.IDF_COMPONENT_API_TOKEN }}
+
+  particle:
+    name: Particle
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: npm install -g particle-cli
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Login
+        run: particle login --token ${{ secrets.PARTICLE_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Publish
+        run: bash -eux extras/scripts/publish-particle-library.sh
+
+  platformio:
+    name: PlatformIO
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Set up Python 3.x
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+      - name: Install PlatformIO
+        run: pip install platformio
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Publish
+        run: pio pkg publish --no-interactive --no-notify
+        env:
+          PLATFORMIO_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PLATFORMIO_AUTH_TOKEN }}

.gitignore

@@ -6,7 +6,15 @@
 /sftp-config.json
 .tags
 .tags_sorted_by_file
-/fuzzing/*_fuzzer
-/fuzzing/*_fuzzer.options
-/fuzzing/*_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip
+/extras/fuzzing/*_fuzzer
+/extras/fuzzing/*_fuzzer.options
+/extras/fuzzing/*_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip
 .vs/
+/out/
+
+# Used by CI for Particle
+/src/*.ino
+/project.properties
+
+# Used by IDF
+/dist/

.mbedignore

@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
+.devcontainer/
 .github/
 examples/
-fuzzing/
-scripts/
-test/
-third-party/
+extras/

.prettierignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.md

.travis.yml

@@ -1,130 +0,0 @@
-sudo: false
-language: cpp
-matrix:
-  include:
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
-          packages: ['g++-4.6']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=4.6
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
-          packages: ['g++-4.7']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=4.7
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
-          packages: ['g++-4.8']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=4.8 SANITIZE=address
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
-          packages: ['g++-4.9']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=4.9 SANITIZE=leak
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
-          packages: ['g++-5']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=5 # SANITIZE=undefined 
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
-          packages: ['g++-6']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=6
-    - compiler: gcc
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test']
-          packages: ['g++-7']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake GCC=7
-    - compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-precise-3.5']
-          packages: ['clang-3.5']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.5 SANITIZE=address
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-precise-3.6']
-          packages: ['clang-3.6']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.6 SANITIZE=leak
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-precise-3.7']
-          packages: ['clang-3.7']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.7
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-precise-3.8']
-          packages: ['clang-3.8']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.8 SANITIZE=undefined
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-3.9']
-          packages: ['clang-3.9']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=3.9
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-4.0']
-          packages: ['clang-4.0']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=4.0
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-5.0']
-          packages: ['clang-5.0']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=5.0
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-6.0']
-          packages: ['clang-6.0']
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake CLANG=6.0
-    - compiler: gcc
-      env: SCRIPT=coverage
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode7.3
-      compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode8.3
-      compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode9.4
-      compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake
-    - os: osx
-      osx_image: xcode10
-      compiler: clang
-      env: SCRIPT=cmake SANITIZE=address
-    - env: SCRIPT=arduino VERSION=1.6.7 BOARD=arduino:avr:uno
-    - env: SCRIPT=arduino VERSION=1.8.2 BOARD=arduino:samd:mkr1000
-    - env: SCRIPT=platformio BOARD=uno
-    - env: SCRIPT=platformio BOARD=esp01
-    - compiler: clang
-      addons:
-        apt:
-          sources: ['ubuntu-toolchain-r-test','llvm-toolchain-trusty-6.0']
-          packages: ['clang-6.0','llvm-6.0']
-      env: SCRIPT=fuzz CLANG=6.0
-cache:
-  directories:
-    - "~/.platformio"
-    - "fuzzing/json_corpus"
-    - "fuzzing/msgpack_corpus"
-script: scripts/travis/$SCRIPT.sh

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
+  "git.inputValidationLength": 80,
+  "git.inputValidationSubjectLength": 72,
+  "files.insertFinalNewline": true,
+  "files.trimFinalNewlines": true,
+  "search.exclude": {
+    "/extras/tests/catch/*": true
+  },
+  "C_Cpp.default.includePath": [
+    "/src"
+  ],
+  "[cmake]": {
+    "editor.detectIndentation": false,
+    "editor.insertSpaces": false,
+  }
+}

ArduinoJson.h

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 
 #include "src/ArduinoJson.h"

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,718 +1,287 @@
 ArduinoJson: change log
 =======================
 
-v6.8.0-beta (2019-01-30)
------------
+HEAD
+----
 
-* Import functions in the ArduinoJson namespace to get clearer errors
-* Improved syntax highlighting in Arduino IDE
-* Removed default capacity of `DynamicJsonDocument`
-* `JsonArray::copyFrom()` accepts `JsonArrayConst`
-* `JsonVariant::set()` accepts `JsonArrayConst` and `JsonObjectConst`
-* `JsonDocument` was missing in the ArduinoJson namespace
-* Added `memoryUsage()` to `JsonArray`, `JsonObject`, and `JsonVariant`
-* Added `nesting()` to `JsonArray`, `JsonDocument`, `JsonObject`, and `JsonVariant`
-* Replaced `JsonDocument::nestingLimit` with an additional parameter
-  to `deserializeJson()` and `deserializeMsgPack()`
-* Fixed uninitialized variant in `JsonDocument`
-* Fixed `StaticJsonDocument` copy constructor and copy assignment
-* The copy constructor of `DynamicJsonDocument` chooses the capacity according to the memory usage of the source, not from the capacity of the source.
-* Added the ability to create/assign a `StaticJsonDocument`/`DynamicJsonDocument` from a `JsonArray`/`JsonObject`/`JsonVariant`
-* Added `JsonDocument::isNull()`
-* Added `JsonDocument::operator[]`
-* Added `ARDUINOJSON_TAB` to configure the indentation character
-* Reduced the size of the pretty JSON serializer
-* Added `add()`, `createNestedArray()` and `createNestedObject()` to `JsonVariant`
-* `JsonVariant` automatically promotes to `JsonObject` or `JsonArray` on write.
-  Calling `JsonVariant::to<T>()` is not required anymore.
-* `JsonDocument` now support the same operations as `JsonVariant`.
-  Calling `JsonDocument::as<T>()` is not required anymore.
-* Fixed example `JsonHttpClient.ino`
-* User can now use a `JsonString` as a key or a value
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGES
-> 
-> #### `DynamicJsonDocument`'s constructor
-> 
-> The parameter to the constructor of `DynamicJsonDocument` is now mandatory
->
-> Old code:
->
-> ```c++
-> DynamicJsonDocument doc;
-> ```
->
-> New code:
->
-> ```c++
-> DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
-> ```
-> 
-> #### Nesting limit
-> 
-> `JsonDocument::nestingLimit` was replaced with a new parameter to `deserializeJson()` and `deserializeMsgPack()`.
-> 
-> Old code:
-> 
-> ```c++
-> doc.nestingLimit = 15;
-> deserializeJson(doc, input);
-> ```
-> 
-> New code: 
-> 
-> ```c++
-> deserializeJson(doc, input, DeserializationOption::NestingLimit(15));
-> ```
-
-v6.7.0-beta (2018-12-07)
------------
-
-* Removed the automatic expansion of `DynamicJsonDocument`, it now has a fixed capacity.
-* Restored the monotonic allocator because the code was getting too big
-* Reduced the memory usage
-* Reduced the code size
-* Renamed `JsonKey` to `JsonString`
-* Removed spurious files in the Particle library
-
-v6.6.0-beta (2018-11-13)
------------
-
-* Removed `JsonArray::is<T>(i)` and `JsonArray::set(i,v)`
-* Removed `JsonObject::is<T>(k)` and `JsonObject::set(k,v)`
-* Replaced `T JsonArray::get<T>(i)` with `JsonVariant JsonArray::get(i)`
-* Replaced `T JsonObject::get<T>(k)` with `JsonVariant JsonObject::get(k)`
-* Added `JSON_STRING_SIZE()`
-* ~~Replacing or removing a value now releases the memory~~
-* Added `DeserializationError::code()` to be used in switch statements (issue #846)
-
-v6.5.0-beta (2018-10-13)
------------
-
-* Added implicit conversion from `JsonArray` and `JsonObject` to `JsonVariant`
-* Allow mixed configuration in compilation units (issue #809)
-* Fixed object keys not being duplicated
-* `JsonPair::key()` now returns a `JsonKey`
-* Increased the default capacity of `DynamicJsonDocument`
-* Fixed `JsonVariant::is<String>()` (closes #763)
-* Added `JsonArrayConst`, `JsonObjectConst`, and `JsonVariantConst`
-* Added copy-constructor and copy-assignment-operator for `JsonDocument` (issue #827)
-
-v6.4.0-beta (2018-09-11)
------------
-
-* Copy `JsonArray` and `JsonObject`, instead of storing pointers (issue #780)
-* Added `JsonVariant::to<JsonArray>()` and `JsonVariant::to<JsonObject>()`
-
-v6.3.0-beta (2018-08-31)
------------
-
-* Implemented reference semantics for `JsonVariant`
-* Replaced `JsonPair`'s `key` and `value` with `key()` and `value()`
-* Fixed `serializeJson(obj[key], dst)` (issue #794)
+* Optimize storage of static strings
 
 > ### BREAKING CHANGES
 >
-> #### JsonVariant
-> 
-> `JsonVariant` now has a semantic similar to `JsonObject` and `JsonArray`.
-> It's a reference to a value stored in the `JsonDocument`.
-> As a consequence, a `JsonVariant` cannot be used as a standalone variable anymore.
+> Static string cannot contain NUL characters anymore (they could since 7.3.0).
+> This is an extremely rare case, so you probably won't be affected.
 >
-> Old code:
+> For example, the following code produces different output in 7.3 and 7.4:
 >
-> ```c++
-> JsonVariant myValue = 42;
-> ```
->
-> New code:
->
-> ```c++
-> DynamicJsonDocument doc;
-> JsonVariant myValue = doc.to<JsonVariant>();
-> myValue.set(42);
-> ```
->
-> #### JsonPair
->
-> Old code:
->
-> ```c++
-> for(JsonPair p : myObject) {
->   Serial.println(p.key);
->   Serial.println(p.value.as<int>());
-> }
-> ```
->
-> New code:
->
-> ```c++
-> for(JsonPair p : myObject) {
->   Serial.println(p.key());
->   Serial.println(p.value().as<int>());
-> }
-> ```
->
-> CAUTION: the key is now read only!
-
-v6.2.3-beta (2018-07-19)
------------
-
-* Fixed exception when using Flash strings as object keys (issue #784)
-
-v6.2.2-beta (2018-07-18)
------------
-
-* Fixed `invalid application of 'sizeof' to incomplete type '__FlashStringHelper'` (issue #783)
-* Fixed `char[]` not duplicated when passed to `JsonVariant::operator[]`
-
-v6.2.1-beta (2018-07-17)
------------
-
-* Fixed `JsonObject` not inserting keys of type `String` (issue #782)
-
-v6.2.0-beta (2018-07-12)
------------
-
-* Disabled lazy number deserialization (issue #772)
-* Fixed `JsonVariant::is<int>()` that returned true for empty strings
-* Improved float serialization when `-fsingle-precision-constant` is used
-* Renamed function `RawJson()` to `serialized()`
-* `serializeMsgPack()` now supports values marked with `serialized()`
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGES
->
-> #### Non quoted strings
->
-> Non quoted strings are now forbidden in values, but they are still allowed in keys.
-> For example, `{key:"value"}` is accepted, but `{key:value}` is not.
->
-> #### Preformatted values
->
-> Old code:
->
-> ```c++
-> object["values"] = RawJson("[1,2,3,4]");
-> ```
-> 
-> New code:
-> 
-> ```c++
-> object["values"] = serialized("[1,2,3,4]");
-> ```
-
-v6.1.0-beta (2018-07-02)
------------
-
-* Return `JsonArray` and `JsonObject` by value instead of reference (issue #309)
-* Replaced `success()` with `isNull()`
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGES
-> 
-> Old code:
->
-> ```c++
-> JsonObject& obj = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-> JsonArray& arr = obj.createNestedArray("key");
-> if (!arr.success()) {
->   Serial.println("Not enough memory");
->   return;
-> }
-> ```
-> 
-> New code:
-> 
-> ```c++
-> JsonObject obj = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-> JsonArray arr = obj.createNestedArray("key");
-> if (arr.isNull()) {
->   Serial.println("Not enough memory");
->   return;
-> }
-> ```
-
-v6.0.1-beta (2018-06-11)
------------
-
-* Fixed conflicts with `isnan()` and `isinf()` macros (issue #752)
-
-v6.0.0-beta (2018-06-07)
------------
-
-* Added `DynamicJsonDocument` and `StaticJsonDocument`
-* Added `deserializeJson()`
-* Added `serializeJson()` and `serializeJsonPretty()`
-* Added `measureJson()` and `measureJsonPretty()`
-* Added `serializeMsgPack()`, `deserializeMsgPack()` and `measureMsgPack()` (issue #358)
-* Added example `MsgPackParser.ino` (issue #358)
-* Added support for non zero-terminated strings (issue #704)
-* Removed `JsonBuffer::parseArray()`, `parseObject()` and `parse()`
-* Removed `JsonBuffer::createArray()` and `createObject()`
-* Removed `printTo()` and `prettyPrintTo()`
-* Removed `measureLength()` and `measurePrettyLength()`
-* Removed all deprecated features
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGES
-> 
-> #### Deserialization
-> 
-> Old code:
-> 
-> ```c++
-> DynamicJsonBuffer jb;
-> JsonObject& obj = jb.parseObject(json);
-> if (obj.success()) {
-> 
-> }
-> ```
-> 
-> New code:
-> 
-> ```c++
-> DynamicJsonDocument doc;
-> DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, json);
-> if (error) {
-> 
-> }
-> JsonObject& obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
-> ```
-> 
-> #### Serialization
-> 
-> Old code:
-> 
-> ```c++
-> DynamicJsonBuffer jb;
-> JsonObject& obj = jb.createObject();
-> obj["key"] = "value";
-> obj.printTo(Serial);
-> ```
-> 
-> New code:
-> 
-> ```c++
-> DynamicJsonDocument obj;
-> JsonObject& obj = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-> obj["key"] = "value";
+> ```cpp
+> JsonDocument doc;
+> doc["a\0b"] = "c\0d";
 > serializeJson(doc, Serial);
+> // With Arduino 7.3 -> {"a\u0000b":"c\u0000d"}
+> // With Arduino 7.4 -> {"a":"c"}
+> ```
+>
+> `JsonString` contructor now only accepts two arguments, not three.
+> If your code uses `JsonString` to store a string as a pointer, you must remove the size argument.
+>
+> For example, if you have something like this:
+>
+> ```cpp
+> doc["key"] = JsonString(str.c_str(), str.size(), true);
+> ```
+>
+> You must replace with either:
+>
+> ```cpp
+> doc["key"] = JsonString(str.c_str(), true);  // store as pointer, cannot contain NUL characters
+> doc["key"] = JsonString(str.c_str(), str.size()); // store by copy, NUL characters allowed
+> doc["key"] = str; // same as previous line for supported string classes (`String`, `std::string`, etc.)
 > ```
 
-v5.13.2
--------
+v7.4.1 (2025-04-11)
+------
 
-* Fixed `JsonBuffer::parse()` not respecting nesting limit correctly (issue #693)
-* Fixed inconsistencies in nesting level counting (PR #695 from Zhenyu Wu)
-* Fixed null values that could be pass to `strcmp()` (PR #745 from Mike Karlesky)
-* Added macros `ARDUINOJSON_VERSION`, `ARDUINOJSON_VERSION_MAJOR`...
+* Fix crash with tiny Flash strings (issue #2170)
 
-v5.13.1
--------
+v7.4.0 (2025-04-09)
+------
 
-* Fixed `JsonVariant::operator|(int)` that returned the default value if the variant contained a double (issue #675)
-* Allowed non-quoted key to contain underscores (issue #665)
+* Optimize storage of tiny strings (up to 3 characters)
+* Fix support for `const char[]` (issue #2166)
 
-v5.13.0
--------
+v7.3.1 (2025-02-27)
+------
 
-* Changed the rules of string duplication (issue #658)
-* `RawJson()` accepts any kind of string and obeys to the same rules for duplication
-* Changed the return type of `strdup()` to `const char*` to prevent double duplication
-* Marked `strdup()` as deprecated
+* Fix conversion from static string to number
+* Slightly reduce code size
 
-> ### New rules for string duplication
+v7.3.0 (2024-12-29)
+------
+
+* Fix support for NUL characters in `deserializeJson()`
+* Make `ElementProxy` and `MemberProxy` non-copyable
+* Change string copy policy: only string literal are stored by pointer
+* `JsonString` is now stored by copy, unless specified otherwise
+* Replace undocumented `JsonString::Ownership` with `bool`
+* Rename undocumented `JsonString::isLinked()` to `isStatic()`
+* Move public facing SFINAEs to template declarations
+
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
 >
-> | type                       | duplication |
-> |:---------------------------|:------------|
-> | const char*                | no          |
-> | char*                      | ~~no~~ yes  |
-> | String                     | yes         |
-> | std::string                | yes         |
-> | const __FlashStringHelper* | yes         |
+> In previous versions, `MemberProxy` (the class returned by `operator[]`) could lead to dangling pointers when used with a temporary string.
+> To prevent this issue, `MemberProxy` and `ElementProxy` are now non-copyable.
 >
-> These new rules make `JsonBuffer::strdup()` useless.
-
-v5.12.0
--------
-
-* Added `JsonVariant::operator|` to return a default value (see below)
-* Added a clear error message when compiled as C instead of C++ (issue #629)
-* Added detection of MPLAB XC compiler (issue #629)
-* Added detection of Keil ARM Compiler (issue #629)
-* Added an example that shows how to save and load a configuration file
-* Reworked all other examples
-
-> ### How to use the new feature?
+> Your code is likely to be affected if you use `auto` to store the result of `operator[]`. For example, the following line won't compile anymore:
 >
-> If you have a block like this:
+> ```cpp
+> auto value = doc["key"];
+> ```
+>
+> To fix the issue, you must append either `.as<T>()` or `.to<T>()`, depending on the situation.
+>
+> For example, if you are extracting values from a JSON document, you should update like this:
+>
+> ```diff
+> - auto config = doc["config"];
+> + auto config = doc["config"].as<JsonObject>();
+> const char* name = config["name"];
+> ```
+>
+> However, if you are building a JSON document, you should update like this:
+>
+> ```diff
+> - auto config = doc["config"];
+> + auto config = doc["config"].to<JsonObject>();
+> config["name"] = "ArduinoJson";
+> ```
+
+v7.2.1 (2024-11-15)
+------
+
+* Forbid `deserializeJson(JsonArray|JsonObject, ...)` (issue #2135)
+* Fix VLA support in `JsonDocument::set()`
+* Fix `operator[](variant)` ignoring NUL characters
+
+v7.2.0 (2024-09-18)
+------
+
+* Store object members with two slots: one for the key and one for the value
+* Store 64-bit numbers (`double` and `long long`) in an additional slot
+* Reduce the slot size (see table below)
+* Improve message when user forgets third arg of `serializeJson()` et al.
+* Set `ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE` to `0` by default on 8-bit architectures
+* Deprecate `containsKey()` in favor of `doc["key"].is<T>()`
+* Add support for escape sequence `\'` (issue #2124)
+
+| Architecture | before   | after    |
+|--------------|----------|----------|
+| 8-bit        | 8 bytes  | 6 bytes  |
+| 32-bit       | 16 bytes | 8 bytes  |
+| 64-bit       | 24 bytes | 16 bytes |
+
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+>
+> After being on the death row for years, the `containsKey()` method has finally been deprecated.
+> You should replace `doc.containsKey("key")` with `doc["key"].is<T>()`, which not only checks that the key exists but also that the value is of the expected type.
+>
+> ```cpp
+> // Before
+> if (doc.containsKey("value")) {
+>   int value = doc["value"];
+>   // ...
+> }
+>
+> // After
+> if (doc["value"].is<int>()) {
+>   int value = doc["value"];
+>   // ...
+> }
+> ```
+
+v7.1.0 (2024-06-27)
+------
+
+* Add `ARDUINOJSON_STRING_LENGTH_SIZE` to the namespace name
+* Add support for MsgPack binary (PR #2078 by @Sanae6)
+* Add support for MsgPack extension
+* Make string support even more generic (PR #2084 by @d-a-v)
+* Optimize `deserializeMsgPack()`
+* Allow using a `JsonVariant` as a key or index (issue #2080)
+  Note: works only for reading, not for writing
+* Support `ElementProxy` and `MemberProxy` in `JsonDocument`'s constructor
+* Don't add partial objects when allocation fails (issue #2081)
+* Read MsgPack's 64-bit integers even if `ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG` is `0`
+  (they are set to `null` if they don't fit in a `long`)
+
+v7.0.4 (2024-03-12)
+------
+
+* Make `JSON_STRING_SIZE(N)` return `N+1` to fix third-party code (issue #2054)
+
+v7.0.3 (2024-02-05)
+------
+
+* Improve error messages when using `char` or `char*` (issue #2043)
+* Reduce stack consumption (issue #2046)
+* Fix compatibility with GCC 4.8 (issue #2045)
+
+v7.0.2 (2024-01-19)
+------
+
+* Fix assertion `poolIndex < count_` after `JsonDocument::clear()` (issue #2034)
+
+v7.0.1 (2024-01-10)
+------
+
+* Fix "no matching function" with `JsonObjectConst::operator[]` (issue #2019)
+* Remove unused files in the PlatformIO package
+* Fix `volatile bool` serialized as `1` or `0` instead of `true` or `false` (issue #2029)
+
+v7.0.0 (2024-01-03)
+------
+
+* Remove `BasicJsonDocument`
+* Remove `StaticJsonDocument`
+* Add abstract `Allocator` class
+* Merge `DynamicJsonDocument` with `JsonDocument`
+* Remove `JSON_ARRAY_SIZE()`, `JSON_OBJECT_SIZE()`, and `JSON_STRING_SIZE()`
+* Remove `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STRING_DEDUPLICATION` (string deduplication cannot be disabled anymore)
+* Remove `JsonDocument::capacity()`
+* Store the strings in the heap
+* Reference-count shared strings
+* Always store `serialized("string")` by copy (#1915)
+* Remove the zero-copy mode of `deserializeJson()` and `deserializeMsgPack()`
+* Fix double lookup in `to<JsonVariant>()`
+* Fix double call to `size()` in `serializeMsgPack()`
+* Include `ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_OFFSET_SIZE` in the namespace name
+* Remove `JsonVariant::shallowCopy()`
+* `JsonDocument`'s capacity grows as needed, no need to pass it to the constructor anymore
+* `JsonDocument`'s allocator is not monotonic anymore, removed values get recycled
+* Show a link to the documentation when user passes an unsupported input type
+* Remove `JsonDocument::memoryUsage()`
+* Remove `JsonDocument::garbageCollect()`
+* Add `deserializeJson(JsonVariant, ...)` and `deserializeMsgPack(JsonVariant, ...)` (#1226)
+* Call `shrinkToFit()` in `deserializeJson()` and `deserializeMsgPack()`
+* `serializeJson()` and `serializeMsgPack()` replace the content of `std::string` and `String` instead of appending to it
+* Replace `add()` with `add<T>()` (`add(T)` is still supported)
+* Remove `createNestedArray()` and `createNestedObject()` (use `to<JsonArray>()` and `to<JsonObject>()` instead)
+
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+>
+> As every major release, ArduinoJson 7 introduces several breaking changes.
+> I added some stubs so that most existing programs should compile, but I highty recommend you upgrade your code.
+>
+> #### `JsonDocument`
+> 
+> In ArduinoJson 6, you could allocate the memory pool on the stack (with `StaticJsonDocument`) or in the heap (with `DynamicJsonDocument`).  
+> In ArduinoJson 7, the memory pool is always allocated in the heap, so `StaticJsonDocument` and `DynamicJsonDocument` have been merged into `JsonDocument`.
+>
+> In ArduinoJson 6, `JsonDocument` had a fixed capacity; in ArduinoJson 7, it has an elastic capacity that grows as needed.
+> Therefore, you don't need to specify the capacity anymore, so the macros `JSON_ARRAY_SIZE()`, `JSON_OBJECT_SIZE()`, and `JSON_STRING_SIZE()` have been removed.
 >
 > ```c++
-> const char* ssid = root["ssid"];
-> if (!ssid)
->   ssid = "default ssid";
+> // ArduinoJson 6
+> StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
+> // or
+> DynamicJsonDocument doc(256);
+> 
+> // ArduinoJson 7
+> JsonDocument doc;
 > ```
 >
-> You can simplify like that:
+> In ArduinoJson 7, `JsonDocument` reuses released memory, so `garbageCollect()` has been removed.  
+> `shrinkToFit()` is still available and releases the over-allocated memory.
+>
+> Due to a change in the implementation, it's not possible to store a pointer to a variant from another `JsonDocument`, so `shallowCopy()` has been removed.
+> 
+> In ArduinoJson 6, the meaning of `memoryUsage()` was clear: it returned the number of bytes used in the memory pool.  
+> In ArduinoJson 7, the meaning of `memoryUsage()` would be ambiguous, so it has been removed.
+>
+> #### Custom allocators
+>
+> In ArduinoJson 6, you could specify a custom allocator class as a template parameter of `BasicJsonDocument`.  
+> In ArduinoJson 7, you must inherit from `ArduinoJson::Allocator` and pass a pointer to an instance of your class to the constructor of `JsonDocument`.
 >
 > ```c++
-> const char* ssid = root["ssid"] | "default ssid";
+> // ArduinoJson 6
+> class MyAllocator {
+>   // ...
+> };
+> BasicJsonDocument<MyAllocator> doc(256);
+>
+> // ArduinoJson 7
+> class MyAllocator : public ArduinoJson::Allocator {
+>   // ...
+> };
+> MyAllocator myAllocator;
+> JsonDocument doc(&myAllocator);
 > ```
-
-v5.11.2
--------
-
-* Fixed `DynamicJsonBuffer::clear()` not resetting allocation size (issue #561)
-* Fixed incorrect rounding for float values (issue #588)
-
-v5.11.1
--------
-
-* Removed dependency on `PGM_P` as Particle 0.6.2 doesn't define it (issue #546)
-* Fixed warning "dereferencing type-punned pointer will break strict-aliasing rules [-Wstrict-aliasing]"
-* Fixed warning "floating constant exceeds range of 'float' [-Woverflow]" (issue #544)
-* Fixed warning "this statement may fall through" [-Wimplicit-fallthrough=] (issue #539)
-* Removed `ARDUINOJSON_DOUBLE_IS_64BITS` as it became useless.
-* Fixed too many decimals places in float serialization (issue #543)
-
-v5.11.0
--------
-
-* Made `JsonBuffer` non-copyable (PR #524 by @luisrayas3)
-* Added `StaticJsonBuffer::clear()`
-* Added `DynamicJsonBuffer::clear()`
-
-v5.10.1
--------
-
-* Fixed IntelliSense errors in Visual Micro (issue #483)
-* Fixed compilation in IAR Embedded Workbench (issue #515)
-* Fixed reading "true" as a float (issue #516)
-* Added `ARDUINOJSON_DOUBLE_IS_64BITS`
-* Added `ARDUINOJSON_EMBEDDED_MODE`
-
-v5.10.0
--------
-
-* Removed configurable number of decimal places (issues #288, #427 and #506)
-* Changed exponentiation thresholds to `1e7` and `1e-5` (issues #288, #427 and #506)
-* `JsonVariant::is<double>()` now returns `true` for integers
-* Fixed error `IsBaseOf is not a member of ArduinoJson::TypeTraits` (issue #495)
-* Fixed error `forming reference to reference` (issue #495)
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGES :warning:
 >
-> | Old syntax                      | New syntax          |
-> |:--------------------------------|:--------------------|
-> | `double_with_n_digits(3.14, 2)` | `3.14`              |
-> | `float_with_n_digits(3.14, 2)`  | `3.14f`             |
-> | `obj.set("key", 3.14, 2)`       | `obj["key"] = 3.14` |
-> | `arr.add(3.14, 2)`              | `arr.add(3.14)`     |
+> #### `createNestedArray()` and `createNestedObject()`
 >
-> | Input     | Old output | New output |
-> |:----------|:-----------|:-----------|
-> | `3.14159` | `3.14`     | `3.14159`  |
-> | `42.0`    | `42.00`    | `42`       |
-> | `0.0`     | `0.00`     | `0`        |
+> In ArduinoJson 6, you could create a nested array or object with `createNestedArray()` and `createNestedObject()`.  
+> In ArduinoJson 7, you must use `add<T>()` or `to<T>()` instead.
 >
-> | Expression                     | Old result | New result |
-> |:-------------------------------|:-----------|:-----------|
-> | `JsonVariant(42).is<int>()`    | `true`     | `true`     |
-> | `JsonVariant(42).is<float>()`  | `false`    | `true`     |
-> | `JsonVariant(42).is<double>()` | `false`    | `true`     |
-
-v5.9.0
-------
-
-* Added `JsonArray::remove(iterator)` (issue #479)
-* Added `JsonObject::remove(iterator)`
-* Renamed `JsonArray::removeAt(size_t)` into `remove(size_t)`
-* Renamed folder `include/` to `src/`
-* Fixed warnings `floating constant exceeds range of float`and `floating constant truncated to zero` (issue #483)
-* Removed `Print` class and converted `printTo()` to a template method (issue #276)
-* Removed example `IndentedPrintExample.ino`
-* Now compatible with Particle 0.6.1, thanks to Jacob Nite (issue #294 and PR #461 by @foodbag)
-
-v5.8.4
-------
-
-* Added custom implementation of `strtod()` (issue #453)
-* Added custom implementation of `strtol()` (issue #465)
-* `char` is now treated as an integral type (issue #337, #370)
-
-v5.8.3
-------
-
-* Fixed an access violation in `DynamicJsonBuffer` when memory allocation fails (issue #433)
-* Added operators `==` and `!=` for two `JsonVariant`s (issue #436)
-* Fixed `JsonVariant::operator[const FlashStringHelper*]` (issue #441)
-
-v5.8.2
-------
-
-* Fixed parsing of comments (issue #421)
-* Fixed ignored `Stream` timeout (issue #422)
-* Made sure we don't read more that necessary (issue #422)
-* Fixed error when the key of a `JsonObject` is a `char[]` (issue #423)
-* Reduced code size when using `const` references
-* Fixed error with string of type `unsigned char*` (issue #428)
-* Added `deprecated` attribute on `asArray()`, `asObject()` and `asString()` (issue #420)
-
-v5.8.1
-------
-
-* Fixed error when assigning a `volatile int` to a `JsonVariant` (issue #415)
-* Fixed errors with Variable Length Arrays (issue #416)
-* Fixed error when both `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STREAM` and `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_ARDUINO_STREAM` are set to `1`
-* Fixed error "Stream does not name a type" (issue #412)
-
-v5.8.0
-------
-
-* Added operator `==` to compare `JsonVariant` and strings (issue #402)
-* Added support for `Stream` (issue #300)
-* Reduced memory consumption by not duplicating spaces and comments
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGES :warning:
->
-> `JsonBuffer::parseObject()` and  `JsonBuffer::parseArray()` have been pulled down to the derived classes `DynamicJsonBuffer` and `StaticJsonBufferBase`.
->
-> This means that if you have code like:
+> For example, to create `[[],{}]`, you would write:
 >
 > ```c++
-> void myFunction(JsonBuffer& jsonBuffer);
+> // ArduinoJson 6
+> arr.createNestedArray();
+> arr.createNestedObject();
+>
+> // ArduinoJson 7
+> arr.add<JsonArray>();
+> arr.add<JsonObject>();
 > ```
 >
-> you need to replace it with one of the following:
+> And to create `{"array":[],"object":{}}`, you would write:
 >
 > ```c++
-> void myFunction(DynamicJsonBuffer& jsonBuffer);
-> void myFunction(StaticJsonBufferBase& jsonBuffer);
-> template<typename TJsonBuffer> void myFunction(TJsonBuffer& jsonBuffer);
+> // ArduinoJson 6
+> obj.createNestedArray("array");
+> obj.createNestedObject("object");
+>
+> // ArduinoJson 7
+> obj["array"].to<JsonArray>();
+> obj["object"].to<JsonObject>();
 > ```
-
-v5.7.3
-------
-
-* Added an `printTo(char[N])` and `prettyPrintTo(char[N])` (issue #292)
-* Added ability to set a nested value like this: `root["A"]["B"] = "C"` (issue #352)
-* Renamed `*.ipp` to `*Impl.hpp` because they were ignored by Arduino IDE (issue #396)
-
-v5.7.2
-------
-
-* Made PROGMEM available on more platforms (issue #381)
-* Fixed PROGMEM causing an exception on ESP8266 (issue #383)
-
-v5.7.1
-------
-
-* Added support for PROGMEM (issue #76)
-* Fixed compilation error when index is not an `int` (issue #381)
-
-v5.7.0
-------
-
-* Templatized all functions using `String` or `std::string`
-* Removed `ArduinoJson::String`
-* Removed `JsonVariant::defaultValue<T>()`
-* Removed non-template `JsonObject::get()` and `JsonArray.get()`
-* Fixed support for `StringSumHelper` (issue #184)
-* Replaced `ARDUINOJSON_USE_ARDUINO_STRING` by `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STRING` and `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_ARDUINO_STRING` (issue #378)
-* Added example `StringExample.ino` to show where `String` can be used
-* Increased default nesting limit to 50 when compiled for a computer (issue #349)
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGES :warning:
->
-> The non-template functions `JsonObject::get()` and `JsonArray.get()` have been removed. This means that you need to explicitely tell the type you expect in return.
->
-> Old code:
->
-> ```c++
-> #define ARDUINOJSON_USE_ARDUINO_STRING 0
-> JsonVariant value1 = myObject.get("myKey");
-> JsonVariant value2 = myArray.get(0);
-> ```
->
-> New code:
->
-> ```c++
-> #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_ARDUINO_STRING 0
-> #define ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STRING 1
-> JsonVariant value1 = myObject.get<JsonVariant>("myKey");
-> JsonVariant value2 = myArray.get<JsonVariant>(0);
-> ```
-
-v5.6.7
-------
-
-* Fixed `array[idx].as<JsonVariant>()` and `object[key].as<JsonVariant>()`
-* Fixed return value of `JsonObject::set()` (issue #350)
-* Fixed undefined behavior in `Prettyfier` and `Print` (issue #354)
-* Fixed parser that incorrectly rejected floats containing a `+` (issue #349)
-
-v5.6.6
-------
-
-* Fixed `-Wparentheses` warning introduced in v5.6.5 (PR #335 by @nuket)
-* Added `.mbedignore` for ARM mbdeb (PR #334 by @nuket)
-* Fixed  `JsonVariant::success()` which didn't propagate `JsonArray::success()` nor `JsonObject::success()` (issue #342).
-
-v5.6.5
-------
-
-* `as<char*>()` now returns `true` when input is `null` (issue #330)
-
-v5.6.4
-------
-
-* Fixed error in float serialization (issue #324)
-
-v5.6.3
-------
-
-* Improved speed of float serialization (about twice faster)
-* Added `as<JsonArray>()` as a synonym for `as<JsonArray&>()`... (issue #291)
-* Fixed `call of overloaded isinf(double&) is ambiguous` (issue #284)
-
-v5.6.2
-------
-
-* Fixed build when another lib does `#undef isnan` (issue #284)
-
-v5.6.1
-------
-
-* Added missing `#pragma once` (issue #310)
-
-v5.6.0
-------
-
-* ArduinoJson is now a header-only library (issue #199)
-
-v5.5.1
-------
-
-* Fixed compilation error with Intel Galileo (issue #299)
-
-v5.5.0
-------
-
-* Added `JsonVariant::success()` (issue #279)
-* Renamed `JsonVariant::invalid<T>()` to `JsonVariant::defaultValue<T>()`
-
-v5.4.0
-------
-
-* Changed `::String` to `ArduinoJson::String` (issue #275)
-* Changed `::Print` to `ArduinoJson::Print` too
-
-v5.3.0
-------
-
-* Added custom implementation of `ftoa` (issues #266, #267, #269 and #270)
-* Added `JsonVariant JsonBuffer::parse()` (issue #265)
-* Fixed `unsigned long` printed as `signed long` (issue #170)
-
-v5.2.0
-------
-
-* Added `JsonVariant::as<char*>()` as a synonym for `JsonVariant::as<const char*>()` (issue #257)
-* Added example `JsonHttpClient` (issue #256)
-* Added `JsonArray::copyTo()` and `JsonArray::copyFrom()` (issue #254)
-* Added `RawJson()` to insert pregenerated JSON portions (issue #259)
-
-v5.1.1
-------
-
-* Removed `String` duplication when one replaces a value in a `JsonObject` (PR #232 by @ulion)
-
-v5.1.0
-------
-
-* Added support of `long long` (issue #171)
-* Moved all build settings to `ArduinoJson/Configuration.hpp`
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGE :warning:
->
-> If you defined `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STREAM`, you now need to define it to `1`.
-
-v5.0.8
-------
-
-* Made the library compatible with [PlatformIO](http://platformio.org/) (issue #181)
-* Fixed `JsonVariant::is<bool>()` that was incorrectly returning false (issue #214)
-
-v5.0.7
-------
-
-* Made library easier to use from a CMake project: simply `add_subdirectory(ArduinoJson/src)`
-* Changed `String` to be a `typedef` of `std::string` (issues #142 and #161)
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGES :warning:
->
-> - `JsonVariant(true).as<String>()` now returns `"true"` instead of `"1"`
-> - `JsonVariant(false).as<String>()` now returns `"false"` instead of `"0"`
-
-v5.0.6
-------
-
-* Added parameter to `DynamicJsonBuffer` constructor to set initial size (issue #152)
-* Fixed warning about library category in Arduino 1.6.6 (issue #147)
-* Examples: Added a loop to wait for serial port to be ready (issue #156)
-
-v5.0.5
-------
-
-* Added overload `JsonObjectSuscript::set(value, decimals)` (issue #143)
-* Use `float` instead of `double` to reduce the size of `JsonVariant` (issue #134)
-
-v5.0.4
-------
-
-* Fixed ambiguous overload with `JsonArraySubscript` and `JsonObjectSubscript` (issue #122)
-
-v5.0.3
-------
-
-* Fixed `printTo(String)` which wrote numbers instead of strings (issue #120)
-* Fixed return type of `JsonArray::is<T>()` and some others (issue #121)
-
-v5.0.2
-------
-
-* Fixed segmentation fault in `parseObject(String)` and `parseArray(String)`, when the
-  `StaticJsonBuffer` is too small to hold a copy of the string
-* Fixed Clang warning "register specifier is deprecated" (issue #102)
-* Fixed GCC warning "declaration shadows a member" (issue #103)
-* Fixed memory alignment, which made ESP8266 crash (issue #104)
-* Fixed compilation on Visual Studio 2010 and 2012 (issue #107)
-
-v5.0.1
-------
-
-* Fixed compilation with Arduino 1.0.6 (issue #99)
-
-v5.0.0
-------
-
-* Added support of `String` class (issues #55, #56, #70, #77)
-* Added `JsonBuffer::strdup()` to make a copy of a string (issues #10, #57)
-* Implicitly call `strdup()` for `String` but not for `char*` (issues #84, #87)
-* Added support of non standard JSON input (issue #44)
-* Added support of comments in JSON input (issue #88)
-* Added implicit cast between numerical types (issues #64, #69, #93)
-* Added ability to read number values as string (issue #90)
-* Redesigned `JsonVariant` to leverage converting constructors instead of assignment operators (issue #66)
-* Switched to new the library layout (requires Arduino 1.0.6 or above)
-
-> ### BREAKING CHANGES :warning:
->
-> - `JsonObject::add()` was renamed to `set()`
-> - `JsonArray::at()` and `JsonObject::at()` were renamed to `get()`
-> - Number of digits of floating point value are now set with `double_with_n_digits()`
-
-**Personal note about the `String` class**:
-Support of the `String` class has been added to the library because many people use it in their programs.
-However, you should not see this as an invitation to use the `String` class.
-The `String` class is **bad** because it uses dynamic memory allocation.
-Compared to static allocation, it compiles to a bigger, slower program, and is less predictable.
-You certainly don't want that in an embedded environment!

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
-# ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-# Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+# ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+# Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 # MIT License
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.0)
-project(ArduinoJson)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 
-enable_testing()
-
-add_definitions(-DARDUINOJSON_DEBUG)
-if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "(GNU|Clang)")
-	add_compile_options(-g -O0)
+if(ESP_PLATFORM)
+	# Build ArduinoJson as an ESP-IDF component
+	idf_component_register(INCLUDE_DIRS src)
+	return()
 endif()
 
-if(${COVERAGE})
-	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage")
+project(ArduinoJson VERSION 7.4.1)
+
+if(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL PROJECT_NAME)
+	include(CTest)
 endif()
 
-include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/src)
-add_subdirectory(third-party/catch)
-add_subdirectory(test)
-add_subdirectory(fuzzing)
+add_subdirectory(src)
+
+if(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL PROJECT_NAME AND BUILD_TESTING)
+	include(extras/CompileOptions.cmake)
+	add_subdirectory(extras/tests)
+	add_subdirectory(extras/fuzzing)
+endif()

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -6,6 +6,5 @@ You can submit changes via GitHub Pull Requests.
 
 Please:
 
-1. Unit test every change in behavior
+1. Update the test suite for any change of behavior
 2. Use clang-format in "file" mode to format the code
-3. Consider using the Continuous Integration (Travis and AppVeyor)

LICENSE.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-The MIT License (MIT)
----------------------
-
-Copyright © 2014-2018 Benoit BLANCHON
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+The MIT License (MIT)
+---------------------
+
+Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

README.md

@@ -1,59 +1,100 @@
-![ArduinoJson](banner.svg)
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://arduinojson.org/"><img alt="ArduinoJson" src="https://arduinojson.org/images/logo.svg" width="200" /></a>
+</p>
 
 ---
 
-[![arduino-library-badge](https://www.ardu-badge.com/badge/ArduinoJson.svg?version=6.7.0-beta)](https://www.ardu-badge.com/ArduinoJson/6.7.0-beta)
-[![Build Status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/m7s53wav1l0abssg/branch/6.x?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bblanchon/arduinojson/branch/6.x)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson.svg?branch=6.x)](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson)
-[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/badge.svg?branch=6.x)](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=6.x)
-[![Star this project](http://githubbadges.com/star.svg?user=bblanchon&repo=ArduinoJson&style=flat&color=fff&background=007ec6)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson)
+[![GitHub Workflow Status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/ci.yml?branch=7.x&logo=github)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Continuous+Integration%22+branch%3A7.x)
+[![Continuous Integration](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/m7s53wav1l0abssg/branch/7.x?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bblanchon/arduinojson/branch/7.x)
+[![Fuzzing Status](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/arduinojson.svg)](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:arduinojson)
+[![Coveralls branch](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/7.x?logo=coveralls)](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=7.x)  
+[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?style=flat&logo=github&color=orange)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/stargazers)
+[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/github/sponsors/bblanchon?logo=github&color=orange)](https://github.com/sponsors/bblanchon)
 
 ArduinoJson is a C++ JSON library for Arduino and IoT (Internet Of Things).
 
 ## Features
 
-* JSON decoding (comments are supported)
-* JSON encoding (with optional indentation)
-* MessagePack
-* Elegant API, easy to use
-* Fixed memory allocation (zero malloc)
-* No data duplication (zero copy)
-* Portable (written in C++98, can be used in any C++ project)
-* Self-contained (no external dependency)
-* Small footprint
-* Input and output streams
-* [100% code coverage](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson)
-* [Header-only library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Header-only)
-* [MIT License](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License)
-* [Comprehensive documentation](https://arduinojson.org?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
-
-## Compatibility
-
-ArduinoJson works on the following hardware:
-
-* <img src="https://www.arduino.cc/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> Arduino boards: [Uno](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardUno), [Due](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardDue), [Mini](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMini), [Micro](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardMicro), [Yun](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardYun)...
-* <img src="http://espressif.com/sites/all/themes/espressif/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> Espressif chips: [ESP8266](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP8266), [ESP32](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESP32)
-* <img src="https://www.wemos.cc/themes/martin-materialize-parallax/assets/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> WeMos boards: [D1](https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:d1:d1), [D1 mini](https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:d1:d1_mini),  ...
-* <img src="http://redbearlab.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> RedBearLab boards: [BLE Nano](http://redbearlab.com/blenano/), [BLE Mini](http://redbearlab.com/blemini/), [WiFi Micro](https://redbear.cc/product/wifi/wifi-micro.html), [LOLIN32](https://wiki.wemos.cc/products:lolin32:lolin32)...
-* <img src="https://www.pjrc.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Teensy](https://www.pjrc.com/teensy/) boards
-* <img src="https://software.intel.com/sites/all/themes/zero/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> Intel boards: Edison, Galileo...
-* <img src="https://www-assets.particle.io/images/favicon.png"  height="16" width="16"> Particle boards: [Photon](https://www.particle.io/products/hardware/photon-wifi-dev-kit), [Electron](https://www.particle.io/products/hardware/electron-cellular-dev-kit)...
-* <img src="http://www.ti.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> Texas Instruments boards: [MSP430](http://www.ti.com/microcontrollers/msp430-ultra-low-power-mcus/overview/overview.html)...
-
-ArduinoJson compiles with zero warning on the following compilers, IDEs, and platforms:
-
-* <img src="https://www.arduino.cc/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Arduino IDE](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
-* <img src="http://cdn.platformio.org/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [PlatformIO](http://platformio.org/)
-* <img src="http://energia.nu/img/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Energia](http://energia.nu/)
-* <img src="http://www.visualmicro.com/pics/arduino-visual-studio-ld.png" height="16" width="16"> [Visual Micro](http://www.visualmicro.com/)
-* <img src="http://www.atmel.com/Images/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Atmel Studio](http://www.atmel.com/microsite/atmel-studio/)
-* <img src="https://www.iar.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [IAR Embedded Workbench](https://www.iar.com/iar-embedded-workbench/)
-* <img src="http://www.st.com/etc/clientlibs/st-site/media/app/images/favicon.png" height="16" width="16"> [Atollic TrueSTUDIO](https://atollic.com/truestudio/)
-* <img src="http://www.keil.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Keil uVision](http://www.keil.com/)
-* <img src="http://www.microchip.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [MPLAB X IDE](http://www.microchip.com/mplab/mplab-x-ide)
-* <img src="https://gcc.gnu.org/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org/)
-* <img src="https://clang.llvm.org/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Clang](https://clang.llvm.org/)
-* <img src="https://www.visualstudio.com/favicon.ico" height="16" width="16"> [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com/)
+* [JSON deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/deserializejson/)
+    * [Optionally decodes UTF-16 escape sequences to UTF-8](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/decode_unicode/)
+    * [Optionally supports comments in the input](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_comments/)
+    * [Optionally filters the input to keep only desired values](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/deserializejson/#filtering)
+    * Supports single quotes as a string delimiter
+    * Compatible with [NDJSON](http://ndjson.org/) and [JSON Lines](https://jsonlines.org/)
+* [JSON serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/serializejson/)
+    * [Can write to a buffer or a stream](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/serializejson/)
+    * [Optionally indents the document (prettified JSON)](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/serializejsonpretty/)
+* [MessagePack serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/msgpack/serializemsgpack/)
+* [MessagePack deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/msgpack/deserializemsgpack/)
+* Efficient
+    * [Twice smaller than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Almost 10% faster than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Consumes roughly 10% less RAM than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Deduplicates strings](https://arduinojson.org/news/2020/08/01/version-6-16-0/)
+* Versatile
+    * Supports [custom allocators (to use external RAM chip, for example)](https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/use-external-ram-on-esp32/)
+    * Supports [`String`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_arduino_string/), [`std::string`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_std_string/), and [`std::string_view`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_string_view/)
+    * Supports [`Stream`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_arduino_stream/) and [`std::istream`/`std::ostream`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_std_stream/)
+    * Supports [Flash strings](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_progmem/)
+    * Supports [custom readers](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/deserializejson/#custom-reader) and [custom writers](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/serializejson/#custom-writer)
+    * Supports [custom converters](https://arduinojson.org/news/2021/05/04/version-6-18-0/)
+* Portable
+    * Usable on any C++ project (not limited to Arduino)
+    * Compatible with C++11, C++14 and C++17
+    * Support for C++98/C++03 available on [ArduinoJson 6.20.x](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/tree/6.20.x)
+    * Zero warnings with `-Wall -Wextra -pedantic` and `/W4`
+    * [Header-only library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Header-only)
+    * Works with virtually any board
+        * Arduino boards: [Uno](https://amzn.to/38aL2ik), [Due](https://amzn.to/36YkWi2), [Micro](https://amzn.to/35WkdwG), [Nano](https://amzn.to/2QTvwRX), [Mega](https://amzn.to/36XWhuf), [Yun](https://amzn.to/30odURc), [Leonardo](https://amzn.to/36XWjlR)...
+        * Espressif chips: [ESP8266](https://amzn.to/36YluV8), [ESP32](https://amzn.to/2G4pRCB)
+        * Lolin (WeMos) boards: [D1 mini](https://amzn.to/2QUpz7q), [D1 Mini Pro](https://amzn.to/36UsGSs)...
+        * Teensy boards: [4.0](https://amzn.to/30ljXGq), [3.2](https://amzn.to/2FT0EuC), [2.0](https://amzn.to/2QXUMXj)
+        * Particle boards: [Argon](https://amzn.to/2FQHa9X), [Boron](https://amzn.to/36WgLUd), [Electron](https://amzn.to/30vEc4k), [Photon](https://amzn.to/387F9Cd)...
+        * Texas Instruments boards: [MSP430](https://amzn.to/30nJWgg)...
+        * Soft cores: [Nios II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nios_II)...
+    * Tested on all major development environments
+        * [Arduino IDE](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
+        * [Atmel Studio](http://www.atmel.com/microsite/atmel-studio/)
+        * [Atollic TrueSTUDIO](https://atollic.com/truestudio/)
+        * [Energia](http://energia.nu/)
+        * [IAR Embedded Workbench](https://www.iar.com/iar-embedded-workbench/)
+        * [Keil uVision](http://www.keil.com/)
+        * [MPLAB X IDE](http://www.microchip.com/mplab/mplab-x-ide)
+        * [Particle](https://www.particle.io/)
+        * [PlatformIO](http://platformio.org/)
+        * [Sloeber plugin for Eclipse](https://eclipse.baeyens.it/)
+        * [Visual Micro](http://www.visualmicro.com/)
+        * [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com/)
+    * [Even works with online compilers like wandbox.org](https://wandbox.org/permlink/RlZSKy17DjJ6HcdN)
+    * [CMake friendly](https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/use-arduinojson-with-cmake/)
+* Well designed
+    * [Elegant API](http://arduinojson.org/v7/example/)
+    * [Thread-safe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_safety)
+    * Self-contained (no external dependency)
+    * `const` friendly
+    * [`for` friendly](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/jsonobject/begin_end/)
+    * [TMP friendly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_metaprogramming)
+    * Handles [integer overflows](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/jsonvariant/as/#integer-overflows)
+* Well tested
+    * [Unit test coverage close to 100%](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=7.x)
+    * Continuously tested on
+        * [Visual Studio 2017, 2019, 2022](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bblanchon/arduinojson/branch/7.x)
+        * [GCC 4.8, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Continuous+Integration%22)
+        * [Clang 7 to 19](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Continuous+Integration%22)
+    * [Continuously fuzzed with Google OSS Fuzz](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:arduinojson)
+    * Passes all default checks of [clang-tidy](https://releases.llvm.org/10.0.0/tools/clang/tools/extra/docs/clang-tidy/)
+* Well documented
+    * [Tutorials](https://arduinojson.org/v7/doc/deserialization/)
+    * [Examples](https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/)
+    * [How-tos](https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/)
+    * [FAQ](https://arduinojson.org/v7/faq/)
+    * [Troubleshooter](https://arduinojson.org/v7/troubleshooter/)
+    * [Book](https://arduinojson.org/book/)
+    * [Changelog](CHANGELOG.md)
+* Vibrant user community
+    * Most popular of all Arduino libraries on [GitHub](https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=arduino+library&s=stars&type=Repositories)
+    * [Used in hundreds of projects](https://www.hackster.io/search?i=projects&q=arduinojson)
+    * [Responsive support](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)
 
 ## Quickstart
 
@@ -62,54 +103,56 @@ ArduinoJson compiles with zero warning on the following compilers, IDEs, and pla
 Here is a program that parses a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
 
 ```c++
-char json[] = "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
+const char* json = "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
 
-DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
+JsonDocument doc;
 deserializeJson(doc, json);
 
-JsonObjectRef root = doc.as<JsonObject>();
-const char* sensor = root["sensor"];
-long time          = root["time"];
-double latitude    = root["data"][0];
-double longitude   = root["data"][1];
+const char* sensor = doc["sensor"];
+long time          = doc["time"];
+double latitude    = doc["data"][0];
+double longitude   = doc["data"][1];
 ```
 
-See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/doc/decoding/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/v7/doc/deserialization/)
 
 ### Serialization
 
 Here is a program that generates a JSON document with ArduinoJson:
 
 ```c++
-DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
+JsonDocument doc;
 
-JsonObject root = doc.to<JsonObject>();
-root["sensor"] = "gps";
-root["time"] = 1351824120;
-
-JsonArray data = root.createNestedArray("data");
-data.add(48.756080);
-data.add(2.302038);
+doc["sensor"] = "gps";
+doc["time"]   = 1351824120;
+doc["data"][0] = 48.756080;
+doc["data"][1] = 2.302038;
 
 serializeJson(doc, Serial);
 // This prints:
 // {"sensor":"gps","time":1351824120,"data":[48.756080,2.302038]}
 ```
 
-See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/doc/encoding/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme)
+See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/v7/doc/serialization/)
 
-## Documentation
+## Sponsors
 
-The documentation is available on [arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme), here are some shortcuts:
+ArduinoJson is thankful to its sponsors. Please give them a visit; they deserve it!
 
-* The [Examples](https://arduinojson.org/example/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme) show how to use the library in various situations.
-* The [API Reference](https://arduinojson.org/api/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme) contains the description of each class and function.
-* The [FAQ](https://arduinojson.org/faq/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme) has the answer to virtually every question.
-* The [ArduinoJson Assistant](https://arduinojson.org/assistant/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme) writes programs for you!
+<p>
+  <a href="https://www.programmingelectronics.com/" rel="sponsored">
+    <img src="https://arduinojson.org/images/2021/10/programmingeleactronicsacademy.png" alt="Programming Electronics Academy" width="200">
+  </a>
+</p>
+<p>
+  <a href="https://github.com/1technophile" rel="sponsored">
+    <img alt="1technophile" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12672732?s=40&v=4">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://github.com/LArkema" rel="sponsored">
+    <img alt="LArkema" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38381313?s=40&v=4">
+  </a>
+</p>
 
----
+If you run a commercial project that embeds ArduinoJson, think about [sponsoring the library's development](https://github.com/sponsors/bblanchon): it ensures the code that your products rely on stays actively maintained. It can also give your project some exposure to the makers' community.
 
-Do you like this library? Please [star this project on GitHub](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/stargazers)!
-
-What? You don't like it but you *love* it?
-We don't take donations anymore, but [we sell a book](https://arduinojson.org/book/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme), so you can help and learn at the same time!
+If you are an individual user and want to support the development (or give a sign of appreciation), consider purchasing the book [Mastering ArduinoJson](https://arduinojson.org/book/)&nbsp;❤, or simply [cast a star](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/stargazers)&nbsp;⭐.

appveyor.yml

@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
-version: 6.4.0.{build}
+version: 7.4.1.{build}
 environment:
   matrix:
-  - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
-    CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
-  - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2015
-    CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 14 2015
-  - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2013
-    CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 12 2013
-  - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 11 2012
-  - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 10 2010
-  - CMAKE_GENERATOR: MinGW Makefiles
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
+      CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 17 2022
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
+      CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 16 2019
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
+      CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
+    - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      MINGW32: i686-6.3.0-posix-dwarf-rt_v5-rev1 # MinGW-w64 6.3.0 i686
+    - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      MINGW64: x86_64-6.3.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev1 # MinGW-w64 6.3.0 x86_64
+    - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      MINGW64: x86_64-7.3.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0 # MinGW-w64 7.3.0 x86_64
+    - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      MINGW64: x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0 # MinGW-w64 8.1.0 x86_64
 configuration: Debug
 before_build:
-- set PATH=C:\MinGW\bin;%PATH:C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin;=% # Workaround for CMake not wanting sh.exe on PATH for MinGW
-- cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%CONFIGURATION% -G "%CMAKE_GENERATOR%" .
+  - set PATH=%PATH:C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin;=% # Workaround for CMake not wanting sh.exe on PATH for MinGW
+  - if defined MINGW set PATH=C:\%MINGW%\bin;%PATH%
+  - if defined MINGW32 set PATH=C:\mingw-w64\%MINGW32%\mingw32\bin;%PATH%
+  - if defined MINGW64 set PATH=C:\mingw-w64\%MINGW64%\mingw64\bin;%PATH%
+  - cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%CONFIGURATION% -G "%CMAKE_GENERATOR%" .
 build_script:
-- cmake --build . --config %CONFIGURATION%
+  - cmake --build . --config %CONFIGURATION%
 test_script:
-- ctest --output-on-failure .
+  - ctest -C %CONFIGURATION% --output-on-failure .

component.mk

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+COMPONENT_ADD_INCLUDEDIRS := src

examples/JsonConfigFile/JsonConfigFile.ino

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to store your project configuration in a file.
@@ -10,33 +10,35 @@
 //   "hostname": "examples.com",
 //   "port": 2731
 // }
+//
+// To run this program, you need an SD card connected to the SPI bus as follows:
+// * MOSI <-> pin 11
+// * MISO <-> pin 12
+// * CLK  <-> pin 13
+// * CS   <-> pin 4
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/config/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <SD.h>
 #include <SPI.h>
 
 // Our configuration structure.
-//
-// Never use a JsonDocument to store the configuration!
-// A JsonDocument is *not* a permanent storage; it's only a temporary storage
-// used during the serialization phase.
 struct Config {
   char hostname[64];
   int port;
 };
 
-const char *filename = "/config.txt";  // <- SD library uses 8.3 filenames
+const char* filename = "/config.txt";  // <- SD library uses 8.3 filenames
 Config config;                         // <- global configuration object
 
 // Loads the configuration from a file
-void loadConfiguration(const char *filename, Config &config) {
+void loadConfiguration(const char* filename, Config& config) {
   // Open file for reading
   File file = SD.open(filename);
 
   // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
-  // Don't forget to change the capacity to match your requirements.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
-  StaticJsonDocument<512> doc;
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
   // Deserialize the JSON document
   DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, file);
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ void loadConfiguration(const char *filename, Config &config) {
 }
 
 // Saves the configuration to a file
-void saveConfiguration(const char *filename, const Config &config) {
+void saveConfiguration(const char* filename, const Config& config) {
   // Delete existing file, otherwise the configuration is appended to the file
   SD.remove(filename);
 
@@ -66,9 +68,7 @@ void saveConfiguration(const char *filename, const Config &config) {
   }
 
   // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
-  // Don't forget to change the capacity to match your requirements.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/assistant to compute the capacity.
-  StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
   // Set the values in the document
   doc["hostname"] = config.hostname;
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void saveConfiguration(const char *filename, const Config &config) {
 }
 
 // Prints the content of a file to the Serial
-void printFile(const char *filename) {
+void printFile(const char* filename) {
   // Open file for reading
   File file = SD.open(filename);
   if (!file) {
@@ -105,10 +105,12 @@ void printFile(const char *filename) {
 void setup() {
   // Initialize serial port
   Serial.begin(9600);
-  while (!Serial) continue;
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
 
   // Initialize SD library
-  while (!SD.begin()) {
+  const int chipSelect = 4;
+  while (!SD.begin(chipSelect)) {
     Serial.println(F("Failed to initialize SD library"));
     delay(1000);
   }
@@ -130,4 +132,21 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/config/ for more.
+// Performance issue?
+// ------------------
+//
+// File is an unbuffered stream, which is not optimal for ArduinoJson.
+// See: https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/improve-speed/
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization or deserialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a case study of a project that has
+// a complex configuration with nested members.
+// Contrary to this example, the project in the book uses the SPIFFS filesystem.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonFilterExample/JsonFilterExample.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+//
+// This example shows how to use DeserializationOption::Filter
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/filter/
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+void setup() {
+  // Initialize serial port
+  Serial.begin(9600);
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
+
+  // The huge input: an extract from OpenWeatherMap response
+  auto input_json = F(
+      "{\"cod\":\"200\",\"message\":0,\"list\":[{\"dt\":1581498000,\"main\":{"
+      "\"temp\":3.23,\"feels_like\":-3.63,\"temp_min\":3.23,\"temp_max\":4.62,"
+      "\"pressure\":1014,\"sea_level\":1014,\"grnd_level\":1010,\"humidity\":"
+      "58,\"temp_kf\":-1.39},\"weather\":[{\"id\":800,\"main\":\"Clear\","
+      "\"description\":\"clear "
+      "sky\",\"icon\":\"01d\"}],\"clouds\":{\"all\":0},\"wind\":{\"speed\":6."
+      "19,\"deg\":266},\"sys\":{\"pod\":\"d\"},\"dt_txt\":\"2020-02-12 "
+      "09:00:00\"},{\"dt\":1581508800,\"main\":{\"temp\":6.09,\"feels_like\":-"
+      "1.07,\"temp_min\":6.09,\"temp_max\":7.13,\"pressure\":1015,\"sea_"
+      "level\":1015,\"grnd_level\":1011,\"humidity\":48,\"temp_kf\":-1.04},"
+      "\"weather\":[{\"id\":800,\"main\":\"Clear\",\"description\":\"clear "
+      "sky\",\"icon\":\"01d\"}],\"clouds\":{\"all\":9},\"wind\":{\"speed\":6."
+      "64,\"deg\":268},\"sys\":{\"pod\":\"d\"},\"dt_txt\":\"2020-02-12 "
+      "12:00:00\"}],\"city\":{\"id\":2643743,\"name\":\"London\",\"coord\":{"
+      "\"lat\":51.5085,\"lon\":-0.1257},\"country\":\"GB\",\"population\":"
+      "1000000,\"timezone\":0,\"sunrise\":1581492085,\"sunset\":1581527294}}");
+
+  // The filter: it contains "true" for each value we want to keep
+  JsonDocument filter;
+  filter["list"][0]["dt"] = true;
+  filter["list"][0]["main"]["temp"] = true;
+
+  // Deserialize the document
+  JsonDocument doc;
+  deserializeJson(doc, input_json, DeserializationOption::Filter(filter));
+
+  // Print the result
+  serializeJsonPretty(doc, Serial);
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  // not used in this example
+}
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// deserialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on deserialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, like the one above, and then adds more
+// features like deserializing directly from a file or an HTTP request.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonGeneratorExample/JsonGeneratorExample.ino

@@ -1,41 +1,32 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to generate a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/generator/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 void setup() {
   // Initialize Serial port
   Serial.begin(9600);
-  while (!Serial) continue;
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
 
   // Allocate the JSON document
-  //
-  // Inside the brackets, 200 is the RAM allocated to this document.
-  // Don't forget to change this value to match your requirement.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
-  StaticJsonDocument<200> doc;
-
-  // StaticJsonObject allocates memory on the stack, it can be
-  // replaced by DynamicJsonDocument which allocates in the heap.
-  //
-  // DynamicJsonDocument  doc(200);
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
   // Add values in the document
-  //
   doc["sensor"] = "gps";
   doc["time"] = 1351824120;
 
-  // Add an array.
-  //
-  JsonArray data = doc.createNestedArray("data");
+  // Add an array
+  JsonArray data = doc["data"].to<JsonArray>();
   data.add(48.756080);
   data.add(2.302038);
 
-  // Generate the minified JSON and send it to the Serial port.
-  //
+  // Generate the minified JSON and send it to the Serial port
   serializeJson(doc, Serial);
   // The above line prints:
   // {"sensor":"gps","time":1351824120,"data":[48.756080,2.302038]}
@@ -43,8 +34,7 @@ void setup() {
   // Start a new line
   Serial.println();
 
-  // Generate the prettified JSON and send it to the Serial port.
-  //
+  // Generate the prettified JSON and send it to the Serial port
   serializeJsonPretty(doc, Serial);
   // The above line prints:
   // {
@@ -61,4 +51,15 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/generator/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on serialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, like the one above, and then adds more
+// features like serializing directly to a file or an HTTP request.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonHttpClient/JsonHttpClient.ino

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to parse a JSON document in an HTTP response.
 // It uses the Ethernet library, but can be easily adapted for Wifi.
 //
-// It performs a GET resquest on arduinojson.org/example.json
+// It performs a GET resquest on https://arduinojson.org/example.json
 // Here is the expected response:
 // {
 //   "sensor": "gps",
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
 //     2.302038
 //   ]
 // }
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/http-client/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <Ethernet.h>
@@ -23,7 +25,8 @@
 void setup() {
   // Initialize Serial port
   Serial.begin(9600);
-  while (!Serial) continue;
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
 
   // Initialize Ethernet library
   byte mac[] = {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED};
@@ -51,15 +54,18 @@ void setup() {
   client.println(F("Connection: close"));
   if (client.println() == 0) {
     Serial.println(F("Failed to send request"));
+    client.stop();
     return;
   }
 
   // Check HTTP status
   char status[32] = {0};
   client.readBytesUntil('\r', status, sizeof(status));
-  if (strcmp(status, "HTTP/1.1 200 OK") != 0) {
+  // It should be "HTTP/1.0 200 OK" or "HTTP/1.1 200 OK"
+  if (strcmp(status + 9, "200 OK") != 0) {
     Serial.print(F("Unexpected response: "));
     Serial.println(status);
+    client.stop();
     return;
   }
 
@@ -67,25 +73,25 @@ void setup() {
   char endOfHeaders[] = "\r\n\r\n";
   if (!client.find(endOfHeaders)) {
     Serial.println(F("Invalid response"));
+    client.stop();
     return;
   }
 
   // Allocate the JSON document
-  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
-  const size_t capacity = JSON_OBJECT_SIZE(3) + JSON_ARRAY_SIZE(2) + 60;
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc(capacity);
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
   // Parse JSON object
   DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, client);
   if (error) {
     Serial.print(F("deserializeJson() failed: "));
-    Serial.println(error.c_str());
+    Serial.println(error.f_str());
+    client.stop();
     return;
   }
 
   // Extract values
   Serial.println(F("Response:"));
-  Serial.println(doc["sensor"].as<char*>());
+  Serial.println(doc["sensor"].as<const char*>());
   Serial.println(doc["time"].as<long>());
   Serial.println(doc["data"][0].as<float>(), 6);
   Serial.println(doc["data"][1].as<float>(), 6);
@@ -98,4 +104,22 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/http-client/ for more.
+// Performance issue?
+// ------------------
+//
+// EthernetClient is an unbuffered stream, which is not optimal for ArduinoJson.
+// See: https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/improve-speed/
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization  problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on deserialization
+// showing how to parse the response from GitHub's API. In the last chapter,
+// it shows how to parse the huge documents from OpenWeatherMap
+// and Reddit.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonParserExample/JsonParserExample.ino

@@ -1,50 +1,37 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to deserialize a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/parser/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 void setup() {
   // Initialize serial port
   Serial.begin(9600);
-  while (!Serial) continue;
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
 
   // Allocate the JSON document
-  //
-  // Inside the brackets, 200 is the capacity of the memory pool in bytes.
-  // Don't forget to change this value to match your JSON document.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
-  StaticJsonDocument<200> doc;
-
-  // StaticJsonDocument<N> allocates memory on the stack, it can be
-  // replaced by DynamicJsonDocument which allocates in the heap.
-  //
-  // DynamicJsonDocument doc(200);
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
   // JSON input string.
-  //
-  // Using a char[], as shown here, enables the "zero-copy" mode. This mode uses
-  // the minimal amount of memory because the JsonDocument stores pointers to
-  // the input buffer.
-  // If you use another type of input, ArduinoJson must copy the strings from
-  // the input to the JsonDocument, so you need to increase the capacity of the
-  // JsonDocument.
-  char json[] =
+  const char* json =
       "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
 
   // Deserialize the JSON document
   DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, json);
 
-  // Test if parsing succeeds.
+  // Test if parsing succeeds
   if (error) {
     Serial.print(F("deserializeJson() failed: "));
-    Serial.println(error.c_str());
+    Serial.println(error.f_str());
     return;
   }
 
-  // Fetch values.
+  // Fetch the values
   //
   // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
   // In other case, you can do doc["time"].as<long>();
@@ -53,7 +40,7 @@ void setup() {
   double latitude = doc["data"][0];
   double longitude = doc["data"][1];
 
-  // Print values.
+  // Print the values
   Serial.println(sensor);
   Serial.println(time);
   Serial.println(latitude, 6);
@@ -64,4 +51,15 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/parser/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// deserialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on deserialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, like the one above, and then adds more
+// features like deserializing directly from a file or an HTTP request.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonServer/JsonServer.ino

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to implement an HTTP server that sends a JSON document
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 //   "analog": [0, 76, 123, 158, 192, 205],
 //   "digital": [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
 // }
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/http-server/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <Ethernet.h>
@@ -23,7 +25,8 @@ EthernetServer server(80);
 void setup() {
   // Initialize serial port
   Serial.begin(9600);
-  while (!Serial) continue;
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
 
   // Initialize Ethernet libary
   if (!Ethernet.begin(mac)) {
@@ -44,19 +47,20 @@ void loop() {
   EthernetClient client = server.available();
 
   // Do we have a client?
-  if (!client) return;
+  if (!client)
+    return;
 
   Serial.println(F("New client"));
 
   // Read the request (we ignore the content in this example)
-  while (client.available()) client.read();
+  while (client.available())
+    client.read();
 
   // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
-  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
-  StaticJsonDocument<500> doc;
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
   // Create the "analog" array
-  JsonArray analogValues = doc.createNestedArray("analog");
+  JsonArray analogValues = doc["analog"].to<JsonArray>();
   for (int pin = 0; pin < 6; pin++) {
     // Read the analog input
     int value = analogRead(pin);
@@ -66,7 +70,7 @@ void loop() {
   }
 
   // Create the "digital" array
-  JsonArray digitalValues = doc.createNestedArray("digital");
+  JsonArray digitalValues = doc["digital"].to<JsonArray>();
   for (int pin = 0; pin < 14; pin++) {
     // Read the digital input
     int value = digitalRead(pin);
@@ -94,4 +98,21 @@ void loop() {
   client.stop();
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/http-server/ for more.
+// Performance issue?
+// ------------------
+//
+// EthernetClient is an unbuffered stream, which is not optimal for ArduinoJson.
+// See: https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/improve-speed/
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on serialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, then adds more features like serializing
+// directly to a file or an HTTP client.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonUdpBeacon/JsonUdpBeacon.ino

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to send a JSON document to a UDP socket.
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 // For example, you can run netcat on your computer
 // $ ncat -ulp 8888
 // See https://nmap.org/ncat/
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/udp-beacon/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 #include <Ethernet.h>
@@ -30,7 +32,8 @@ EthernetUDP udp;
 void setup() {
   // Initialize serial port
   Serial.begin(9600);
-  while (!Serial) continue;
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
 
   // Initialize Ethernet libary
   if (!Ethernet.begin(mac)) {
@@ -44,11 +47,10 @@ void setup() {
 
 void loop() {
   // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
-  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
-  StaticJsonDocument<500> doc;
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
   // Create the "analog" array
-  JsonArray analogValues = doc.createNestedArray("analog");
+  JsonArray analogValues = doc["analog"].to<JsonArray>();
   for (int pin = 0; pin < 6; pin++) {
     // Read the analog input
     int value = analogRead(pin);
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ void loop() {
   }
 
   // Create the "digital" array
-  JsonArray digitalValues = doc.createNestedArray("digital");
+  JsonArray digitalValues = doc["digital"].to<JsonArray>();
   for (int pin = 0; pin < 14; pin++) {
     // Read the digital input
     int value = digitalRead(pin);
@@ -84,4 +86,21 @@ void loop() {
   delay(10000);
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/udp-beacon/ for more.
+// Performance issue?
+// ------------------
+//
+// EthernetUDP is an unbuffered stream, which is not optimal for ArduinoJson.
+// See: https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/improve-speed/
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on serialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, then adds more features like serializing
+// directly to a file or any stream.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/MsgPackParser/MsgPackParser.ino

@@ -1,37 +1,24 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows how to deserialize a MessagePack document with
 // ArduinoJson.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/msgpack-parser/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 void setup() {
   // Initialize serial port
   Serial.begin(9600);
-  while (!Serial) continue;
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
 
   // Allocate the JSON document
-  //
-  // Inside the brackets, 200 is the capacity of the memory pool in bytes.
-  // Don't forget to change this value to match your JSON document.
-  // Use arduinojson.org/v6/assistant to compute the capacity.
-  StaticJsonDocument<200> doc;
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
-  // StaticJsonObject allocates memory on the stack, it can be
-  // replaced by DynamicJsonObject which allocates in the heap.
-  //
-  // DynamicJsonObject doc(200);
-
-  // MessagePack input string.
-  //
-  // Using a char[], as shown here, enables the "zero-copy" mode. This mode uses
-  // the minimal amount of memory because the JsonDocument stores pointers to
-  // the input buffer.
-  // If you use another type of input, ArduinoJson must copy the strings from
-  // the input to the JsonDocument, so you need to increase the capacity of the
-  // JsonDocument.
+  // The MessagePack input string
   uint8_t input[] = {131, 166, 115, 101, 110, 115, 111, 114, 163, 103, 112, 115,
                      164, 116, 105, 109, 101, 206, 80,  147, 50,  248, 164, 100,
                      97,  116, 97,  146, 203, 64,  72,  96,  199, 58,  188, 148,
@@ -43,16 +30,17 @@ void setup() {
   //   "data": [48.75608, 2.302038]
   // }
 
+  // Parse the input
   DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(doc, input);
 
-  // Test if parsing succeeded.
+  // Test if parsing succeeded
   if (error) {
     Serial.print("deserializeMsgPack() failed: ");
-    Serial.println(error.c_str());
+    Serial.println(error.f_str());
     return;
   }
 
-  // Fetch values.
+  // Fetch the values
   //
   // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
   // In other case, you can do doc["time"].as<long>();
@@ -61,7 +49,7 @@ void setup() {
   double latitude = doc["data"][0];
   double longitude = doc["data"][1];
 
-  // Print values.
+  // Print the values
   Serial.println(sensor);
   Serial.println(time);
   Serial.println(latitude, 6);
@@ -71,5 +59,3 @@ void setup() {
 void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
-
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/msgpack-parser/ for more.

examples/ProgmemExample/ProgmemExample.ino

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows the different ways you can use Flash strings with
@@ -8,52 +8,56 @@
 // Use Flash strings sparingly, because ArduinoJson duplicates them in the
 // JsonDocument. Prefer plain old char*, as they are more efficient in term of
 // code size, speed, and memory usage.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/progmem/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 void setup() {
-#ifdef PROGMEM  // <- check that Flash strings are supported
-
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
   // You can use a Flash String as your JSON input.
-  // WARNING: the string in the input  will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
+  // WARNING: the strings in the input will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
   deserializeJson(doc, F("{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,"
                          "\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}"));
-  JsonObject obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
 
-  // You can use a Flash String to get an element of a JsonObject
+  // You can use a Flash String as a key to get a member from JsonDocument
   // No duplication is done.
-  long time = obj[F("time")];
+  long time = doc[F("time")];
 
-  // You can use a Flash String to set an element of a JsonObject
+  // You can use a Flash String as a key to set a member of a JsonDocument
   // WARNING: the content of the Flash String will be duplicated in the
   // JsonDocument.
-  obj[F("time")] = time;
+  doc[F("time")] = time;
 
-  // You can set a Flash String to a JsonObject or JsonArray:
+  // You can set a Flash String as the content of a JsonVariant
   // WARNING: the content of the Flash String will be duplicated in the
   // JsonDocument.
-  obj["sensor"] = F("gps");
+  doc["sensor"] = F("gps");
 
   // It works with serialized() too:
-  obj["sensor"] = serialized(F("\"gps\""));
-  obj["sensor"] = serialized(F("\xA3gps"), 3);
+  doc["sensor"] = serialized(F("\"gps\""));
+  doc["sensor"] = serialized(F("\xA3gps"), 3);
 
   // You can compare the content of a JsonVariant to a Flash String
-  if (obj["sensor"] == F("gps")) {
+  if (doc["sensor"] == F("gps")) {
     // ...
   }
-
-#else
-
-#warning PROGMEM is not supported on this platform
-
-#endif
 }
 
 void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/progmem/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any memory
+// problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a quick C++ course that explains
+// how your microcontroller stores strings in memory. It also tells why you
+// should not abuse Flash strings with ArduinoJson.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/StringExample/StringExample.ino

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// ArduinoJson - arduinojson.org
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2018
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
 // This example shows the different ways you can use String with ArduinoJson.
@@ -7,49 +7,50 @@
 // Use String objects sparingly, because ArduinoJson duplicates them in the
 // JsonDocument. Prefer plain old char[], as they are more efficient in term of
 // code size, speed, and memory usage.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/string/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 void setup() {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
   // You can use a String as your JSON input.
   // WARNING: the string in the input  will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
   String input =
       "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
   deserializeJson(doc, input);
-  JsonObject obj = doc.as<JsonObject>();
 
-  // You can use a String to get an element of a JsonObject
+  // You can use a String as a key to get a member from JsonDocument
   // No duplication is done.
-  long time = obj[String("time")];
+  long time = doc[String("time")];
 
-  // You can use a String to set an element of a JsonObject
+  // You can use a String as a key to set a member of a JsonDocument
   // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
-  obj[String("time")] = time;
+  doc[String("time")] = time;
 
-  // You can get a String from a JsonObject or JsonArray:
+  // You can get the content of a JsonVariant as a String
   // No duplication is done, at least not in the JsonDocument.
-  String sensor = obj["sensor"];
+  String sensor = doc["sensor"];
 
   // Unfortunately, the following doesn't work (issue #118):
-  // sensor = obj["sensor"]; // <-  error "ambiguous overload for 'operator='"
+  // sensor = doc["sensor"]; // <-  error "ambiguous overload for 'operator='"
   // As a workaround, you need to replace by:
-  sensor = obj["sensor"].as<String>();
+  sensor = doc["sensor"].as<String>();
 
-  // You can set a String to a JsonObject or JsonArray:
+  // You can set a String as the content of a JsonVariant
   // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
-  obj["sensor"] = sensor;
+  doc["sensor"] = sensor;
 
   // It works with serialized() too:
-  obj["sensor"] = serialized(sensor);
+  doc["sensor"] = serialized(sensor);
 
   // You can also concatenate strings
   // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
-  obj[String("sen") + "sor"] = String("gp") + "s";
+  doc[String("sen") + "sor"] = String("gp") + "s";
 
   // You can compare the content of a JsonObject with a String
-  if (obj["sensor"] == sensor) {
+  if (doc["sensor"] == sensor) {
     // ...
   }
 
@@ -62,4 +63,14 @@ void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
 
-// Visit https://arduinojson.org/v6/example/string/ for more.
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a quick C++ course that explains
+// how your microcontroller stores strings in memory. On several occasions, it
+// shows how you can avoid String in your program.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

extras/ArduinoJsonConfig.cmake.in

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@PACKAGE_INIT@
+
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/@PROJECT_NAME@Targets.cmake")
+check_required_components("@PROJECT_NAME@")

extras/CompileOptions.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+if(NOT DEFINED COVERAGE)
+	set(COVERAGE OFF)
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "(GNU|Clang)")
+	add_compile_options(
+		-pedantic
+		-Wall
+		-Wcast-align
+		-Wcast-qual
+		-Wconversion
+		-Wctor-dtor-privacy
+		-Wdisabled-optimization
+		-Werror
+		-Wextra
+		-Wformat=2
+		-Winit-self
+		-Wmissing-include-dirs
+		-Wnon-virtual-dtor
+		-Wold-style-cast
+		-Woverloaded-virtual
+		-Wparentheses
+		-Wredundant-decls
+		-Wshadow
+		-Wsign-conversion
+		-Wsign-promo
+		-Wstrict-aliasing
+		-Wundef
+	)
+
+	if(${COVERAGE})
+		set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage")
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+	if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 4.9) AND(NOT ${COVERAGE}))
+		add_compile_options(-g -Og)
+	else() # GCC 4.8
+		add_compile_options(
+			-g
+			-O0 # GCC 4.8 doesn't support -Og
+			-Wno-shadow  # allow the same name for a function parameter and a member functions
+			-Wp,-w  # Disable preprocessing warnings (see below)
+		)
+		# GCC 4.8 doesn't support __has_include, so we need to help him
+		add_definitions(
+			-DARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STRING=1
+			-DARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STREAM=1
+		)
+	endif()
+
+	add_compile_options(
+		-Wstrict-null-sentinel
+		-Wno-vla # Allow VLA in tests
+	)
+	add_definitions(-DHAS_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY)
+
+	if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 4.5)
+		add_compile_options(-Wlogical-op) # the flag exists in 4.4 but is buggy
+	endif()
+
+	if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 4.6)
+		add_compile_options(-Wnoexcept)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+	add_compile_options(
+		-Wc++11-compat
+		-Wdeprecated-register
+		-Wno-vla-extension # Allow VLA in tests
+	)
+	add_definitions(
+		-DHAS_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY
+		-DSUBSCRIPT_CONFLICTS_WITH_BUILTIN_OPERATOR
+	)
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+	add_compile_options(-stdlib=libc++)
+	link_libraries(c++ m)
+
+	if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 4.0) AND(NOT ${COVERAGE}))
+		add_compile_options(-g -Og)
+	else()
+		add_compile_options(-g -O0)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "AppleClang")
+	if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 9.0) AND(NOT ${COVERAGE}))
+		add_compile_options(-g -Og)
+	else()
+		add_compile_options(-g -O0)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+if(MSVC)
+	add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+	add_compile_options(
+		/W4 # Set warning level
+		/WX # Treats all compiler warnings as errors.
+		/Zc:__cplusplus # Enable updated __cplusplus macro
+	)
+endif()
+
+if(MINGW)
+	# Static link on MinGW to avoid linking with the wrong DLLs when multiple
+	# versions are installed.
+	add_link_options(-static)
+endif()

extras/ci/espidf/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+# Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+# MIT License
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+
+include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
+project(example)

extras/ci/espidf/main/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+# Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+# MIT License
+
+idf_component_register(
+	SRCS "main.cpp"
+	INCLUDE_DIRS ""
+)

extras/ci/espidf/main/component.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#
+# "main" pseudo-component makefile.
+#
+# (Uses default behaviour of compiling all source files in directory, adding 'include' to include path.)

extras/ci/espidf/main/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+extern "C" void app_main() {
+  char buffer[256];
+  JsonDocument doc;
+
+  doc["hello"] = "world";
+  serializeJson(doc, buffer);
+  deserializeJson(doc, buffer);
+  serializeMsgPack(doc, buffer);
+  deserializeMsgPack(doc, buffer);
+}

extras/ci/particle.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh -ex
+
+BOARD=$1
+
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../../"
+
+cp extras/particle/src/smocktest.ino src/
+cp extras/particle/project.properties ./
+
+particle compile "$BOARD"

extras/conf_test/avr.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_PROGMEM == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_PROGMEM");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG == 0, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY == 16, "ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE == 0, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE");
+
+static_assert(sizeof(ArduinoJson::detail::VariantData) == 6, "slot size");
+
+void setup() {}
+void loop() {}

extras/conf_test/esp8266.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE == 2, "ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY == 128, "ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE");
+
+static_assert(sizeof(VariantData) == 8, "slot size");
+
+void setup() {}
+void loop() {}

extras/conf_test/x64.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE == 4, "ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY == 256, "ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE");
+
+static_assert(sizeof(ArduinoJson::detail::VariantData) == 16, "slot size");
+
+int main() {}

extras/conf_test/x86.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE == 2, "ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY == 128, "ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE");
+
+static_assert(sizeof(ArduinoJson::detail::VariantData) == 8, "slot size");
+
+int main() {}

extras/fuzzing/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+# Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+# MIT License
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+
+if(MSVC)
+	add_compile_options(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+endif()
+
+add_executable(msgpack_reproducer
+	msgpack_fuzzer.cpp
+	reproducer.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(msgpack_reproducer
+	ArduinoJson
+)
+
+add_executable(json_reproducer
+	json_fuzzer.cpp
+	reproducer.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(json_reproducer
+	ArduinoJson
+)
+
+macro(add_fuzzer name)
+	set(FUZZER "${name}_fuzzer")
+	set(CORPUS_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}_corpus")
+	set(SEED_CORPUS_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}_seed_corpus")
+	add_executable("${FUZZER}"
+		"${name}_fuzzer.cpp"
+	)
+	target_link_libraries("${FUZZER}"
+		ArduinoJson
+	)
+	set_target_properties("${FUZZER}"
+		PROPERTIES
+			COMPILE_FLAGS "-fprofile-instr-generate -fcoverage-mapping -fsanitize=fuzzer -fno-sanitize-recover=all"
+			LINK_FLAGS "-fprofile-instr-generate -fcoverage-mapping -fsanitize=fuzzer -fno-sanitize-recover=all"
+	)
+
+	add_test(
+		NAME "${FUZZER}"
+		COMMAND "${FUZZER}" "${CORPUS_DIR}" "${SEED_CORPUS_DIR}" -max_total_time=5 -timeout=1
+	)
+
+	set_tests_properties("${FUZZER}"
+		PROPERTIES
+		LABELS "Fuzzing"
+	)
+endmacro()
+
+# Needs Clang 6+ to compile
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang" AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 6)
+	if(DEFINED ENV{GITHUB_ACTIONS} AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION MATCHES "^11\\.")
+		# Clang 11 fails on GitHub Actions with the following error:
+		# > ERROR: UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer failed to allocate 0x0 (0) bytes of SetAlternateSignalStack (error code: 22)
+		# > Sanitizer CHECK failed: /build/llvm-toolchain-11-mnvtwk/llvm-toolchain-11-11.1.0/compiler-rt/lib/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_common.cpp:54 ((0 && "unable to mmap")) != (0) (0, 0)
+		message(WARNING "Fuzzing is disabled on GitHub Actions to workaround a bug in Clang 11")
+		return()
+	endif()
+
+	add_fuzzer(json)
+	add_fuzzer(msgpack)
+endif()

extras/fuzzing/Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # CAUTION: this file is invoked by https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
 
-CXXFLAGS += -I../src -DARDUINOJSON_DEBUG
+CXXFLAGS += -I../../src -DARDUINOJSON_DEBUG=1 -std=c++11
 
 all: \
 	$(OUT)/json_fuzzer \
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ all: \
 	$(OUT)/msgpack_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip \
 	$(OUT)/msgpack_fuzzer.options
 
-$(OUT)/%_fuzzer: %_fuzzer.cpp $(shell find ../src -type f)
+$(OUT)/%_fuzzer: %_fuzzer.cpp $(shell find ../../src -type f)
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o$@ $(LIB_FUZZING_ENGINE)
 
 $(OUT)/%_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip: %_seed_corpus/*

extras/fuzzing/json_fuzzer.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
-extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+  JsonDocument doc;
   DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, data, size);
   if (!error) {
     std::string json;

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/IntegerOverflow.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+9720730739393920739

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_fuzzer.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
-extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
-  DynamicJsonDocument doc(4096);
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+  JsonDocument doc;
   DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(doc, data, size);
   if (!error) {
     std::string json;