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doc/integer.qbk
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doc/integer.qbk
@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
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[quickbook 1.6]
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[compatibility-mode 1.5]
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[copyright 2001-2009 Beman Dawes, Daryle Walker, Gennaro Prota, John Maddock]
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[purpose Integer Type Selection]
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[license
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Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
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(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
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@ -17,13 +16,13 @@
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[section:overview Overview]
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Boost.Integer provides integer type support, particularly helpful in generic programming.
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It provides the means to select an integer type based upon its properties, like the number of bits or
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It provides the means to select an integer type based upon its properties, like the number of bits or
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the maximum supported value, as well as compile-time bit mask selection. There is a derivative of
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std::numeric_limits that provides integral constant expressions for `min` and `max`.
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Finally, it provides two compile-time algorithms: determining the highest power of two in a
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std::numeric_limits that provides integral constant expressions for `min` and `max`.
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Finally, it provides two compile-time algorithms: determining the highest power of two in a
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compile-time value; and computing min and max of constant expressions.
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[table
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[table
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[[Component][Header][Purpose]]
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[
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[Forward Declarations.]
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@ -38,8 +37,8 @@ compile-time value; and computing min and max of constant expressions.
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[
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[[link boost_integer.integer Integer Type Selection].]
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[[^[@../../../../boost/integer.hpp <boost/integer.hpp>]]]
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[Templates for integer type selection based on properties such as maximum value or number of bits:
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Use to select the type of an integer when some property such as maximum value or number of bits is known.
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[Templates for integer type selection based on properties such as maximum value or number of bits:
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Use to select the type of an integer when some property such as maximum value or number of bits is known.
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Useful for generic programming. ]
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]
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[
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@ -50,21 +49,33 @@ compile-time value; and computing min and max of constant expressions.
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[
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[[link boost_integer.mask Integer Masks].]
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[[^[@../../../../boost/integer/integer_mask.hpp <boost/integer/integer_mask.hpp>]]]
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[Templates for the selection of integer masks, single or lowest group, based on the number of bits:
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[Templates for the selection of integer masks, single or lowest group, based on the number of bits:
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Use to select a particular mask when the bit position(s) are based on a compile-time variable. Useful for generic programming. ]
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]
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[
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[[link boost_integer.log2 Compile time log2 Calculation].]
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[[^[@../../../../boost/integer/static_log2.hpp <boost/integer/static_log2.hpp>]]]
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[Template for finding the highest power of two in a number:
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[Template for finding the highest power of two in a number:
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Use to find the bit-size/range based on a maximum value. Useful for generic programming. ]
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]
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[
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[[link boost_integer.minmax Compile time min/max calculation].]
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[[^[@../../../../boost/integer/static_min_max.hpp <boost/integer/static_min_max.hpp>]]]
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[Templates for finding the extrema of two numbers:
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[Templates for finding the extrema of two numbers:
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Use to find a bound based on a minimum or maximum value. Useful for generic programming. ]
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]
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[
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[[link boost_integer.extended_euclidean Extended Euclidean algorithm].]
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[[^[@../../../../boost/integer/extended_euclidean.hpp <boost/integer/extended_euclidean.hpp>]]]
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[Solves /mx + ny = gcd(x,y)/ for /x/ and /y/.]
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]
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[
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[[link boost_integer.mod_inverse Modular multiplicative inverse].]
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[[^[@../../../../boost/integer/mod_inverse.hpp <boost/integer/mod_inverse.hpp>]]]
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[Given /a/ and /m/, solves /ax/ = 1 mod /m/ for /x/.]
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]
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]
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[endsect]
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@ -75,7 +86,7 @@ compile-time value; and computing min and max of constant expressions.
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The C++ Standard Library <limits> header supplies a class template `numeric_limits<>` with specializations for each fundamental type.
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For integer types, the interesting members of `std::numeric_limits<>` are:
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For integer types, the interesting members of `std::numeric_limits<>` are:
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static const bool is_specialized; // Will be true for integer types.
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static T min() throw(); // Smallest representable value.
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@ -85,13 +96,13 @@ For integer types, the interesting members of `std::numeric_limits<>` are:
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static const bool is_signed; // True if the type is signed.
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static const bool is_integer; // Will be true for all integer types.
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For many uses, these are sufficient.
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But min() and max() are problematical because they are not constant expressions (std::5.19),
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yet some usages require constant expressions.
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For many uses, these are sufficient.
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But min() and max() are problematical because they are not constant expressions (std::5.19),
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yet some usages require constant expressions.
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The template class [^integer_traits] addresses this problem.
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The template class [^integer_traits] addresses this problem.
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[endsect]
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[endsect]
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[section Synopsis]
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@ -110,33 +121,33 @@ The template class [^integer_traits] addresses this problem.
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};
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}
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[endsect]
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[endsect]
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[section Description]
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Template class [^integer_traits] is derived from [^std::numeric_limits]. The primary specialization adds the single
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[^bool] member [^is_integral] with the compile-time constant value [^false].
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However, for all integral types [^T] (std::3.9.1/7 [basic.fundamental]), there are specializations
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provided with the following compile-time constants defined:
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Template class [^integer_traits] is derived from [^std::numeric_limits]. The primary specialization adds the single
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[^bool] member [^is_integral] with the compile-time constant value [^false].
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However, for all integral types [^T] (std::3.9.1/7 [basic.fundamental]), there are specializations
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provided with the following compile-time constants defined:
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[table
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[table
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[[member][type][value]]
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[[[^is_integral]][bool][[^true]]]
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[[[^const_min]][[^T]][equivalent to [^std::numeric_limits<T>::min()]]]
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[[[^const_max]][[^T]][equivalent to [^std::numeric_limits<T>::max()]]]
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]
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Note: The /is_integral/ flag is provided, because a user-defined integer class should specialize
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[^std::numeric_limits<>::is_integer = true], while compile-time constants
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[^const_min] and [^const_max] are not provided for that user-defined class, unless boost::integer_traits is also specialized.
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Note: The /is_integral/ flag is provided, because a user-defined integer class should specialize
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[^std::numeric_limits<>::is_integer = true], while compile-time constants
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[^const_min] and [^const_max] are not provided for that user-defined class, unless boost::integer_traits is also specialized.
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[endsect]
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[endsect]
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[section Test Program]
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The program [^[@../../test/integer_traits_test.cpp integer_traits_test.cpp]] exercises the [^integer_traits] class.
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The program [^[@../../test/integer_traits_test.cpp integer_traits_test.cpp]] exercises the [^integer_traits] class.
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[endsect]
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[endsect]
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[section Acknowledgements]
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@ -147,8 +158,8 @@ Beman Dawes, Ed Brey, Steve Cleary, and Nathan Myers discussed the integer trait
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[section:integer Integer Type Selection]
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The [@../../../../boost/integer.hpp <boost/integer.hpp>] type selection templates allow
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integer types to be selected based on desired characteristics such as number of bits or maximum value.
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The [@../../../../boost/integer.hpp <boost/integer.hpp>] type selection templates allow
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integer types to be selected based on desired characteristics such as number of bits or maximum value.
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This facility is particularly useful for solving generic programming problems.
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[section:synopsis Synopsis]
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@ -164,7 +175,7 @@ This facility is particularly useful for solving generic programming problems.
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// signed
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template<int Bits>
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struct int_t
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struct int_t
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{
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/* Member exact may or may not be defined depending upon Bits */
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typedef ``['implementation-defined-type]`` exact;
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@ -174,7 +185,7 @@ This facility is particularly useful for solving generic programming problems.
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// unsigned
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template<int Bits>
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struct uint_t
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struct uint_t
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{
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/* Member exact may or may not be defined depending upon Bits */
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typedef ``['implementation-defined-type]`` exact;
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@ -184,14 +195,14 @@ This facility is particularly useful for solving generic programming problems.
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// signed
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template<long long MaxValue>
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struct int_max_value_t
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struct int_max_value_t
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{
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typedef ``['implementation-defined-type]`` least;
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typedef int_fast_t<least>::fast fast;
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};
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template<long long MinValue>
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struct int_min_value_t
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struct int_min_value_t
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{
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typedef ``['implementation-defined-type]`` least;
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typedef int_fast_t<least>::fast fast;
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@ -199,7 +210,7 @@ This facility is particularly useful for solving generic programming problems.
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// unsigned
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template<unsigned long long Value>
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struct uint_value_t
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struct uint_value_t
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{
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typedef ``['implementation-defined-type]`` least;
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typedef int_fast_t<least>::fast fast;
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@ -210,25 +221,25 @@ This facility is particularly useful for solving generic programming problems.
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[section:easiest Easiest-to-Manipulate Types]
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The [^int_fast_t] class template maps its input type to the next-largest type that the processor
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can manipulate the easiest, or to itself if the input type is already an easy-to-manipulate type.
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For instance, processing a bunch of [^char] objects may go faster if they were converted to [^int] objects before processing.
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The input type, passed as the only template parameter, must be a built-in integral type, except [^bool].
|
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Unsigned integral types can be used, as well as signed integral types.
|
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The [^int_fast_t] class template maps its input type to the next-largest type that the processor
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can manipulate the easiest, or to itself if the input type is already an easy-to-manipulate type.
|
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For instance, processing a bunch of [^char] objects may go faster if they were converted to [^int] objects before processing.
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The input type, passed as the only template parameter, must be a built-in integral type, except [^bool].
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Unsigned integral types can be used, as well as signed integral types.
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The output type is given as the nested type [^fast].
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[*Implementation Notes:]
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By default, the output type is identical to the input type. Eventually, this code's implementation should
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be customized for each platform to give accurate mappings between the built-in types and the easiest-to-manipulate
|
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[*Implementation Notes:]
|
||||
By default, the output type is identical to the input type. Eventually, this code's implementation should
|
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be customized for each platform to give accurate mappings between the built-in types and the easiest-to-manipulate
|
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built-in types. Also, there is no guarantee that the output type actually is easier to manipulate than the input type.
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[endsect]
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[section:sized Sized Types]
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The [^int_t], [^uint_t], [^int_max_value_t], [^int_min_value_t], and [^uint_value_t] class templates find
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the most appropiate built-in integral type for the given template parameter. This type is given by the
|
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nested type [^least]. The easiest-to-manipulate version of that type is given by the nested type [^fast].
|
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The [^int_t], [^uint_t], [^int_max_value_t], [^int_min_value_t], and [^uint_value_t] class templates find
|
||||
the most appropiate built-in integral type for the given template parameter. This type is given by the
|
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nested type [^least]. The easiest-to-manipulate version of that type is given by the nested type [^fast].
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The following table describes each template's criteria.
|
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|
||||
[table Criteria for the Sized Type Class Templates
|
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@ -237,60 +248,60 @@ The following table describes each template's criteria.
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
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[[^boost::int_t<N>::least]]
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[The smallest, built-in, signed integral type with at least /N/ bits, including the sign bit.
|
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The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the parameter is
|
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[The smallest, built-in, signed integral type with at least /N/ bits, including the sign bit.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the parameter is
|
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larger than the number of bits in the largest integer type.]
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
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||||
[[^boost::int_t<N>::fast]]
|
||||
[The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type with at least /N/ bits, including the sign bit.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the parameter is
|
||||
[The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type with at least /N/ bits, including the sign bit.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the parameter is
|
||||
larger than the number of bits in the largest integer type.]
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
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||||
[[^boost::int_t<N>::exact]]
|
||||
[A built-in, signed integral type with exactly /N/ bits, including the sign bit.
|
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[A built-in, signed integral type with exactly /N/ bits, including the sign bit.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. Note that the member /exact/ is defined
|
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[*only] if there exists a type with exactly /N/ bits.]
|
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]
|
||||
[
|
||||
[[^boost::uint_t<N>::least]]
|
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[The smallest, built-in, unsigned integral type with at least /N/ bits.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the
|
||||
[The smallest, built-in, unsigned integral type with at least /N/ bits.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the
|
||||
parameter is larger than the number of bits in the largest integer type.]
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
|
||||
[[^boost::uint_t<N>::fast]]
|
||||
[The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, unsigned integral type with at least /N/ bits.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the
|
||||
[The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, unsigned integral type with at least /N/ bits.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the
|
||||
parameter is larger than the number of bits in the largest integer type.]
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
|
||||
[[^boost::uint_t<N>::exact]]
|
||||
[A built-in, unsigned integral type with exactly /N/ bits.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the
|
||||
parameter is larger than the number of bits in the largest integer type.
|
||||
[A built-in, unsigned integral type with exactly /N/ bits.
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number. A compile-time error results if the
|
||||
parameter is larger than the number of bits in the largest integer type.
|
||||
Note that the member /exact/ is defined
|
||||
[*only] if there exists a type with exactly N bits.]
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
|
||||
[[^boost::int_max_value_t<V>::last]]
|
||||
[The smallest, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all the values in the inclusive range ['0 - V].
|
||||
[The smallest, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all the values in the inclusive range ['0 - V].
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number.]
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
|
||||
[[^boost::int_max_value_t<V>::fast]]
|
||||
[The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all the values in the inclusive range ['0 - V].
|
||||
[The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all the values in the inclusive range ['0 - V].
|
||||
The parameter should be a positive number.]
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
|
||||
[[^boost::int_min_value_t<V>::least]]
|
||||
[The smallest, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all the values in the inclusive range ['V - 0].
|
||||
[The smallest, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all the values in the inclusive range ['V - 0].
|
||||
The parameter should be a negative number.]
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
|
||||
[[^boost::int_min_value_t<V>::fast]]
|
||||
[The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all the values in the inclusive range ['V - 0].
|
||||
[The easiest-to-manipulate, built-in, signed integral type that can hold all the values in the inclusive range ['V - 0].
|
||||
The parameter should be a negative number.]
|
||||
]
|
||||
[
|
||||
@ -317,10 +328,10 @@ The following table describes each template's criteria.
|
||||
{
|
||||
boost::int_t<24>::least my_var; // my_var has at least 24-bits
|
||||
//...
|
||||
// This one is guarenteed not to be truncated:
|
||||
// This one is guaranteed not to be truncated:
|
||||
boost::int_max_value_t<1000>::least my1000 = 1000;
|
||||
//...
|
||||
// This one is guarenteed not to be truncated, and as fast
|
||||
// This one is guaranteed not to be truncated, and as fast
|
||||
// to manipulate as possible, its size may be greater than
|
||||
// that of my1000:
|
||||
boost::int_max_value_t<1000>::fast my_fast1000 = 1000;
|
||||
@ -330,7 +341,7 @@ The following table describes each template's criteria.
|
||||
|
||||
[section Demonstration Program]
|
||||
|
||||
The program [@../../test/integer_test.cpp integer_test.cpp] is a simplistic demonstration of the results from instantiating
|
||||
The program [@../../test/integer_test.cpp integer_test.cpp] is a simplistic demonstration of the results from instantiating
|
||||
various examples of the sized type class templates.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
@ -347,31 +358,32 @@ The rationale for the design of the templates in this header includes:
|
||||
|
||||
[section Alternative]
|
||||
|
||||
If the number of bits required is known beforehand, it may be more appropriate to use the types supplied
|
||||
If the number of bits required is known beforehand, it may be more appropriate to use the types supplied
|
||||
in [@../../../../boost/cstdint.hpp <boost/cstdint.hpp>].
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Credits]
|
||||
|
||||
The author of most of the Boost integer type choosing templates is
|
||||
[@http://www.boost.org/people/beman_dawes.html Beman Dawes].
|
||||
He gives thanks to Valentin Bonnard and [@http://www.boost.org/people/kevlin_henney.htm Kevlin Henney]
|
||||
for sharing their designs for similar templates.
|
||||
The author of most of the Boost integer type choosing templates is
|
||||
[@http://www.boost.org/people/beman_dawes.html Beman Dawes].
|
||||
He gives thanks to Valentin Bonnard and [@http://www.boost.org/people/kevlin_henney.htm Kevlin Henney]
|
||||
for sharing their designs for similar templates.
|
||||
[@http://www.boost.org/people/daryle_walker.html Daryle Walker] designed the value-based sized templates.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[include gcd/math-gcd.qbk]
|
||||
|
||||
[include modular_arithmetic/extended_euclidean.qbk]
|
||||
[include modular_arithmetic/mod_inverse.qbk]
|
||||
|
||||
[section:mask Integer Masks]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Overview]
|
||||
|
||||
The class templates in [@../../../../boost/integer/integer_mask.hpp <boost/integer/integer_mask.hpp>]
|
||||
provide bit masks for a certain bit position or a contiguous-bit pack of a certain size.
|
||||
The class templates in [@../../../../boost/integer/integer_mask.hpp <boost/integer/integer_mask.hpp>]
|
||||
provide bit masks for a certain bit position or a contiguous-bit pack of a certain size.
|
||||
The types of the masking constants come from the [link boost_integer.integer integer type selection templates] header.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
@ -411,14 +423,14 @@ The types of the masking constants come from the [link boost_integer.integer int
|
||||
|
||||
} // namespace boost
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Single Bit-Mask Class Template]
|
||||
|
||||
The [^boost::high_bit_mask_t] class template provides constants for bit masks representing the bit at a
|
||||
certain position. The masks are equivalent to the value 2[super Bit], where [^Bit] is the template parameter.
|
||||
The bit position must be a nonnegative number from zero to ['Max], where Max is one less than the
|
||||
number of bits supported by the largest unsigned built-in integral type. The following table describes
|
||||
The [^boost::high_bit_mask_t] class template provides constants for bit masks representing the bit at a
|
||||
certain position. The masks are equivalent to the value 2[super Bit], where [^Bit] is the template parameter.
|
||||
The bit position must be a nonnegative number from zero to ['Max], where Max is one less than the
|
||||
number of bits supported by the largest unsigned built-in integral type. The following table describes
|
||||
the members of an instantiation of [^high_bit_mask_t].
|
||||
|
||||
[table Members of the `boost::high_bit_mask_t` Class Template
|
||||
@ -430,14 +442,14 @@ the members of an instantiation of [^high_bit_mask_t].
|
||||
[[[^bit_position]][The value of the template parameter, in case its needed from a renamed instantiation of the class template.]]
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Group Bit-Mask Class Template]
|
||||
|
||||
The [^boost::low_bits_mask_t] class template provides constants for bit masks
|
||||
equivalent to the value (2[super Bits] - 1), where [^Bits] is the template parameter.
|
||||
The parameter [^Bits] must be a non-negative integer from
|
||||
zero to ['Max], where Max is the number of bits supported by the largest, unsigned, built-in integral type.
|
||||
The [^boost::low_bits_mask_t] class template provides constants for bit masks
|
||||
equivalent to the value (2[super Bits] - 1), where [^Bits] is the template parameter.
|
||||
The parameter [^Bits] must be a non-negative integer from
|
||||
zero to ['Max], where Max is the number of bits supported by the largest, unsigned, built-in integral type.
|
||||
The following table describes the members of [^low_bits_mask_t].
|
||||
|
||||
[table Members of the [^boost::low_bits_mask_t] Class Template
|
||||
@ -453,7 +465,7 @@ The following table describes the members of [^low_bits_mask_t].
|
||||
|
||||
[section Implementation Notes]
|
||||
|
||||
When [^Bits] is the exact size of a built-in unsigned type, the implementation has to change to
|
||||
When [^Bits] is the exact size of a built-in unsigned type, the implementation has to change to
|
||||
prevent undefined behavior. Therefore, there are specializations of [^low_bits_mask_t] at those bit counts.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
@ -479,23 +491,23 @@ prevent undefined behavior. Therefore, there are specializations of [^low_bits_m
|
||||
//...
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Demonstration Program]
|
||||
|
||||
The program [@../../test/integer_mask_test.cpp integer_mask_test.cpp] is a simplistic demonstration of the
|
||||
The program [@../../test/integer_mask_test.cpp integer_mask_test.cpp] is a simplistic demonstration of the
|
||||
results from instantiating various examples of the bit mask class templates.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Rationale]
|
||||
|
||||
The class templates in this header are an extension of the [link boost_integer.integer integer type selection class templates].
|
||||
The new class templates provide the same sized types, but also convenient masks to use when extracting the
|
||||
highest or all the significant bits when the containing built-in type contains more bits.
|
||||
The class templates in this header are an extension of the [link boost_integer.integer integer type selection class templates].
|
||||
The new class templates provide the same sized types, but also convenient masks to use when extracting the
|
||||
highest or all the significant bits when the containing built-in type contains more bits.
|
||||
This prevents contamination of values by the higher, unused bits.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Credits]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -506,7 +518,7 @@ The author of the Boost bit mask class templates is [@http://www.boost.org/peopl
|
||||
|
||||
[section:log2 Compile Time log2 Calculation]
|
||||
|
||||
The class template in [@../../../../boost/integer/static_log2.hpp <boost/integer/static_log2.hpp>]
|
||||
The class template in [@../../../../boost/integer/static_log2.hpp <boost/integer/static_log2.hpp>]
|
||||
determines the position of the highest bit in a given value. This facility is useful for solving generic programming problems.
|
||||
|
||||
[section Synopsis]
|
||||
@ -533,47 +545,47 @@ determines the position of the highest bit in a given value. This facility is us
|
||||
|
||||
} // namespace boost
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Usage]
|
||||
|
||||
The [^boost::static_log2] class template takes one template parameter, a value of type
|
||||
[^static_log2_argument_type]. The template only defines one member, [^value], which gives the
|
||||
The [^boost::static_log2] class template takes one template parameter, a value of type
|
||||
[^static_log2_argument_type]. The template only defines one member, [^value], which gives the
|
||||
truncated, base-two logarithm of the template argument.
|
||||
|
||||
Since the logarithm of zero, for any base, is undefined, there is a specialization of [^static_log2]
|
||||
for a template argument of zero. This specialization has no members, so an attempt to use the base-two
|
||||
Since the logarithm of zero, for any base, is undefined, there is a specialization of [^static_log2]
|
||||
for a template argument of zero. This specialization has no members, so an attempt to use the base-two
|
||||
logarithm of zero results in a compile-time error.
|
||||
|
||||
Note:
|
||||
Note:
|
||||
|
||||
* [^static_log2_argument_type] is an ['unsigned integer type] (C++ standard, 3.9.1p3).
|
||||
* [^static_log2_result_type] is an ['integer type] (C++ standard, 3.9.1p7).
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Demonstration Program]
|
||||
|
||||
The program [@../../test/static_log2_test.cpp static_log2_test.cpp] is a simplistic
|
||||
The program [@../../test/static_log2_test.cpp static_log2_test.cpp] is a simplistic
|
||||
demonstration of the results from instantiating various examples of the binary logarithm class template.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Rationale]
|
||||
|
||||
The base-two (binary) logarithm, abbreviated lb, function is occasionally used to give order-estimates
|
||||
of computer algorithms. The truncated logarithm can be considered the highest power-of-two in a value,
|
||||
which corresponds to the value's highest set bit (for binary integers). Sometimes the highest-bit position
|
||||
The base-two (binary) logarithm, abbreviated lb, function is occasionally used to give order-estimates
|
||||
of computer algorithms. The truncated logarithm can be considered the highest power-of-two in a value,
|
||||
which corresponds to the value's highest set bit (for binary integers). Sometimes the highest-bit position
|
||||
could be used in generic programming, which requires the position to be available statically (['i.e.] at compile-time).
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Credits]
|
||||
|
||||
The original version of the Boost binary logarithm class template was
|
||||
written by [@http://www.boost.org/people/daryle_walker.html Daryle Walker] and then
|
||||
enhanced by Giovanni Bajo with support for compilers without partial template specialization.
|
||||
The current version was suggested, together with a reference implementation, by Vesa Karvonen.
|
||||
The original version of the Boost binary logarithm class template was
|
||||
written by [@http://www.boost.org/people/daryle_walker.html Daryle Walker] and then
|
||||
enhanced by Giovanni Bajo with support for compilers without partial template specialization.
|
||||
The current version was suggested, together with a reference implementation, by Vesa Karvonen.
|
||||
Gennaro Prota wrote the actual source file.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
@ -581,15 +593,15 @@ Gennaro Prota wrote the actual source file.
|
||||
|
||||
[section:minmax Compile time min/max calculation]
|
||||
|
||||
The class templates in [@../../../../boost/integer/static_min_max.hpp <boost/integer/static_min_max.hpp>]
|
||||
provide a compile-time evaluation of the minimum or maximum of two integers. These facilities are useful
|
||||
The class templates in [@../../../../boost/integer/static_min_max.hpp <boost/integer/static_min_max.hpp>]
|
||||
provide a compile-time evaluation of the minimum or maximum of two integers. These facilities are useful
|
||||
for generic programming problems.
|
||||
|
||||
[section Synopsis]
|
||||
|
||||
namespace boost
|
||||
{
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
typedef ``['implementation-defined]`` static_min_max_signed_type;
|
||||
typedef ``['implementation-defined]`` static_min_max_unsigned_type;
|
||||
|
||||
@ -607,15 +619,15 @@ for generic programming problems.
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Usage]
|
||||
|
||||
The four class templates provide the combinations for finding the minimum or maximum of two [^signed] or
|
||||
[^unsigned] ([^long]) parameters, /Value1/ and /Value2/, at compile-time. Each template has a single static data member,
|
||||
The four class templates provide the combinations for finding the minimum or maximum of two [^signed] or
|
||||
[^unsigned] ([^long]) parameters, /Value1/ and /Value2/, at compile-time. Each template has a single static data member,
|
||||
[^value], which is set to the respective minimum or maximum of the template's parameters.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Example]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -653,14 +665,14 @@ The four class templates provide the combinations for finding the minimum or max
|
||||
|
||||
[section Demonstration Program]
|
||||
|
||||
The program [@../../test/static_min_max_test.cpp static_min_max_test.cpp] is a simplistic demonstration of
|
||||
The program [@../../test/static_min_max_test.cpp static_min_max_test.cpp] is a simplistic demonstration of
|
||||
various comparisons using the compile-time extrema class templates.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
||||
[section Rationale]
|
||||
|
||||
Sometimes the minimum or maximum of several values needs to be found for later compile-time processing,
|
||||
Sometimes the minimum or maximum of several values needs to be found for later compile-time processing,
|
||||
['e.g.] for a bound for another class template.
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
@ -682,23 +694,23 @@ The author of the Boost compile-time extrema class templates is [@http://www.boo
|
||||
[h4 1.42.0]
|
||||
|
||||
* Reverted Trunk to release branch state (i.e. a "known good state").
|
||||
* Fixed issues: [@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/653 653],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3084 3084],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3177 3177],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3180 3180],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3548 3568],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3657 3657],
|
||||
* Fixed issues: [@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/653 653],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3084 3084],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3177 3177],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3180 3180],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3548 3568],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/3657 3657],
|
||||
[@https://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/2134 2134].
|
||||
* Added long long support to [^boost::static_log2], [^boost::static_signed_min], [^boost::static_signed_max],
|
||||
* Added long long support to [^boost::static_log2], [^boost::static_signed_min], [^boost::static_signed_max],
|
||||
[^boost::static_unsigned_min][^boost::static_unsigned_max], when available.
|
||||
* The argument type and the result type of [^boost::static_signed_min] etc are now typedef'd.
|
||||
Formerly, they were hardcoded as [^unsigned long] and [^int] respectively. Please, use the
|
||||
* The argument type and the result type of [^boost::static_signed_min] etc are now typedef'd.
|
||||
Formerly, they were hardcoded as [^unsigned long] and [^int] respectively. Please, use the
|
||||
provided typedefs in new code (and update old code as soon as possible).
|
||||
|
||||
[h4 1.32.0]
|
||||
|
||||
* The argument type and the result type of [^boost::static_log2] are now typedef'd.
|
||||
Formerly, they were hardcoded as [^unsigned long] and [^int] respectively. Please, use the
|
||||
* The argument type and the result type of [^boost::static_log2] are now typedef'd.
|
||||
Formerly, they were hardcoded as [^unsigned long] and [^int] respectively. Please, use the
|
||||
provided typedefs in new code (and update old code as soon as possible).
|
||||
|
||||
[endsect]
|
||||
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ A fast algorithm for computing modular multiplicative inverses based on the exte
|
||||
namespace boost { namespace integer {
|
||||
|
||||
template<class Z>
|
||||
boost::optional<Z> mod_inverse(Z a, Z p);
|
||||
boost::optional<Z> mod_inverse(Z a, Z m);
|
||||
|
||||
}}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ A fast algorithm for computing modular multiplicative inverses based on the exte
|
||||
|
||||
[section Usage]
|
||||
|
||||
Multiplicative modular inverses exist if and only if /a/ and /p/ are coprime.
|
||||
Multiplicative modular inverses exist if and only if /a/ and /m/ are coprime.
|
||||
So for example
|
||||
|
||||
auto x = mod_inverse(2, 5);
|
||||
|
Reference in New Issue
Block a user