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<title>make_shared and allocate_shared for arrays</title>
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<h1><img height="86" alt="boost.png (6897 bytes)" src="../../boost.png"
width="277" align="middle" border="0">make_shared and allocate_shared
for arrays</h1>
<p><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a><br>
<a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a><br>
<a href="#common">Common Requirements</a><br>
<a href="#functions">Free Functions</a><br>
<a href="#history">History</a><br>
<a href="#references">References</a></p>
<h2><a name="introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>Originally the Boost function templates <code>make_shared</code> and
<code>allocate_shared</code> were for efficient allocation of shared
objects only. There was a need to have efficient allocation of
shared arrays. One criticism of class template <code>shared_array</code>
was always the lack of a <a href="make_shared.html">make_shared</a>
utility which ensures only a single allocation.</p>
<p>The header files &lt;boost/smart_ptr/make_shared_array.hpp&gt; and
&lt;boost/smart_ptr/allocate_shared_array.hpp&gt; provide function
templates, overloads of <code>make_shared</code> and
<code>allocate_shared</code> for array types, to address this need.
<code>make_shared</code> uses the global operator <code>new</code> to
allocate memory, whereas <code>allocate_shared</code> uses an
user-supplied allocator, allowing finer control.</p>
<h2><a name="synopsis">Synopsis</a></h2>
<pre>namespace boost {
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is T[]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_shared</a>(size_t size);
template&lt;class U, class A&gt; // U is T[]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">allocate_shared</a>(const A&amp; allocator, size_t size);
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is T[N]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_shared</a>();
template&lt;class U, class A&gt; // U is T[N]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">allocate_shared</a>(const A&amp; allocator);
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is T[]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_shared</a>(size_t size, const T&amp; value);
template&lt;class U, class A&gt; // U is T[]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">allocate_shared</a>(const A&amp; allocator, size_t size, const T&amp; value);
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is T[N]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_shared</a>(const T&amp; value);
template&lt;class U, class A&gt; // U is T[N]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">allocate_shared</a>(const A&amp; allocator, const T&amp; value);
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is T[]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_shared_noinit</a>(size_t size);
template&lt;class U, class A&gt; // U is T[]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">allocate_shared_noinit</a>(const A&amp; allocator, size_t size);
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is T[N]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_shared_noinit</a>();
template&lt;class U, class A&gt; // U is T[N]
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">allocate_shared_noinit</a>(const A&amp; allocator);
}</pre>
<h2><a name="common">Common Requirements</a></h2>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_shared(<em>args</em>);</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U, class A&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; allocate_shared(const A&amp; allocator, <em>args</em>);</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_shared_noinit(<em>args</em>);</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U, class A&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; allocate_shared_noinit(const A&amp; allocator, <em>args</em>);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Requires:</b> <code>U</code> is of the form <code>T[]</code> or
<code>T[N]</code>. <code>A</code> shall be an <em>Allocator</em>, as
described in section 17.6.3.5 [<strong>Allocator
requirements</strong>] of the C++ Standard. The copy constructor and
destructor of <code>A</code> shall not throw exceptions.</p>
<p><b>Effects:</b> Allocates memory for an object of type <code>U</code>
(or <code>T[size]</code> when <code>U</code> is <code>T[]</code>,
where <code>size</code> is determined from <code><em>args</em></code>
as specified by the concrete overload). The object is initialized as
specified by the concrete overload. The templates
<code>allocate_shared</code> and <code>allocate_shared_noinit</code>
use a copy of <code>allocator</code> to allocate memory. If an
exception is thrown, the functions have no effect.</p>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A <code>shared_ptr</code> instance that stores and
owns the address of the newly constructed object.</p>
<p><b>Postconditions:</b> <code>r.get() != 0 &amp;&amp;
r.use_count() == 1</code>, where <code>r</code> is the return
value.</p>
<p><b>Throws:</b> <code>bad_alloc</code>, an exception thrown from
<code>A::allocate</code>, or from the initialization of the
object.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<p>This implementation performs no more than one memory
allocation. This provides efficiency to equivalent to an intrusive
smart pointer.</p>
<p>When an object of an array type <code>T</code> is specified to be
initialized to a value of the same type <code>value</code>, this
shall be interpreted to mean that each array element of the object
is initialized to the corresponding element from
<code>value</code>.</p>
<p>When an object of an array type is specified to be
value-initialized, this shall be interpreted to mean that each
array element of the object is value-initialized.</p>
<p>Array elements are initialized in ascending order of their
addresses.</p>
<p>When a subobject of a non-array type <code>T</code> is specified to
be initialized to a value <code>value</code>,
<code>make_shared</code> shall perform this initialization via the
expression <code>::new(ptr) T(value)</code>, where <code>ptr</code>
has type <code>void*</code> and points to storage suitable to hold
an object of type <code>T</code>.</p>
<p>When a subobject of non-array type <code>T</code> is specified to
be initialized to a value <code>value</code>,
<code>allocate_shared</code> shall perform this initialization via
the expression <code>allocator_traits&lt;A2&gt;::construct(a2, ptr,
value)</code>, where <code>ptr</code> points to storage suitable to
hold an object of type <code>T</code> and <code>a2</code> of type A2
is a rebound copy of the allocator <code>allocator</code> passed to
<code>allocate_shared</code> such that its <code>value_type</code>
is <code>T</code>.</p>
<p>When a subobject of non-array type <code>T</code> is specified to
be value-initialized, <code>make_shared</code> shall perform this
initialization via the expression <code>::new(ptr) T()</code>, where
<code>ptr</code> has type <code>void*</code> and points to storage
suitable to hold an object of type <code>T</code>.</p>
<p>When a subobject of non-array type <code>T</code> is specified to
be value-initialized, <code>allocate_shared</code> shall perform
this initialization via the expression
<code>allocator_traits&lt;A2&gt;::construct(a2, ptr)</code>, where
<code>ptr</code> points to storage suitable to hold an object
of type <code>T</code> and <code>a2</code> of type A2 is a rebound
copy of the allocator <code>allocator</code> passed to
<code>allocate_shared</code> such that its <code>value_type</code>
is <code>T</code>.</p>
<p>When a subobject of non-array type <code>T</code> is specified to
be default-initialized, <code>make_shared_noinit</code> and
<code>allocate_shared_noinit</code> shall perform this
initialization via the expression <code>::new(ptr) T</code>, where
<code>ptr</code> has type <code>void*</code> and points to storage
suitable to hold an object of type <code>T</code>.</p>
<p>When the lifetime of the object managed by the return value ends,
or when the initialization of an array element throws an exception,
the initialized elements should be destroyed in the reverse order
of their construction.</p>
</blockquote>
<p><b>Notes:</b> These functions will typically allocate more memory
than <code>sizeof(U)</code> to allow for internal bookkeeping
structures such as the reference counts.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2><a name="functions">Free Functions</a></h2>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_shared(size_t size);</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U, class A&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; allocate_shared(const A&amp; allocator, size_t size);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A <code>shared_ptr</code> to a value-initialized
object of type <code>T[size]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> These overloads shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is of the form <code>T[]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[]&gt; a1 = boost::make_shared&lt;int[]&gt;(size);</pre>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[][2]&gt; a2 = boost::make_shared&lt;int[][2]&gt;(size);</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_shared();</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U, class A&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; allocate_shared(const A&amp; allocator);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A <code>shared_ptr</code> to a value-initialized
object of type <code>T[N]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> These overloads shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is of the form <code>T[N]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[8]&gt; a1 = boost::make_shared&lt;int[8]&gt;();</pre>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[4][2]&gt; a2 = boost::make_shared&lt;int[4][2]&gt;();</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_shared(size_t size, const T&amp; value);</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U, class A&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; allocate_shared(const A&amp; allocator, size_t size, const T&amp; value);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A <code>shared_ptr</code> to an object of type
<code>T[size]</code>, where each array element of type <code>T</code>
is initialized to <code>value</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> These overloads shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is of the form <code>T[]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[]&gt; a1 = boost::make_shared&lt;int[]&gt;(size, 1);</pre>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[][2]&gt; a2 = boost::make_shared&lt;int[][2]&gt;(size, {1, 2});</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_shared(const T&amp; value);</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U, class A&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; allocate_shared(const A&amp; allocator, const T&amp; value);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A <code>shared_ptr</code> to an object of type
<code>T[N]</code>, where each array element of type <code>T</code> is
initialized to <code>value</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> These overloads shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is of the form <code>T[N]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[8]&gt; a1 = boost::make_shared&lt;int[8]&gt;(1);</pre>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[4][2]&gt; a2 = boost::make_shared&lt;int[4][2]&gt;({1, 2});</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_shared_noinit(size_t size);</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U, class A&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; allocate_shared_noinit(const A&amp; allocator, size_t size);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A <code>shared_ptr</code> to a default-initialized
object of type <code>T[size]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> These overloads shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is of the form <code>T[]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[]&gt; a1 = boost::make_shared_noinit&lt;int[]&gt;(size);</pre>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[][2]&gt; a2 = boost::make_shared_noinit&lt;int[][2]&gt;(size);</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_shared_noinit();</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U, class A&gt;
shared_ptr&lt;U&gt; allocate_shared_noinit(const A&amp; allocator);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A <code>shared_ptr</code> to a default-initialized
object of type <code>T[N]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> These overloads shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is of the form <code>T[N]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[8]&gt; a1 = boost::make_shared_noinit&lt;int[8]&gt;();</pre>
<pre>boost::shared_ptr&lt;int[4][2]&gt; a2 = boost::make_shared_noinit&lt;int[4][2]&gt;();</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h2><a name="history">History</a></h2>
<p>February 2017. Glen Fernandes rewrote allocate_shared and make_shared
for a more optimal and more maintainable implementation.</p>
<p>February 2014. Glen Fernandes updated overloads of make_shared and
allocate_shared to conform to the specification in C++ standard paper
<a href="#N3870">N3870</a>, including resolving C++ standard library
defect report <a href="#2070">DR2070</a>.</p>
<p>November 2012. Glen Fernandes contributed implementations of
make_shared and allocate_shared for arrays.</p>
<h2><a name="references">References</a></h2>
<p><a name="N3870">N3870</a>,
<a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2014/n3870.html">
Extending make_shared to Support Arrays, Revision 1</a>, Peter Dimov
&amp; Glen Fernandes, January, 2014.</p>
<p><a name="DR2070">DR2070</a>,
<a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/lwg-active.html">
allocate_shared should use allocator_traits&lt;A&gt;::construct</a>,
Jonathan Wakely, July, 2011.</p>
<hr>
<p>$Date$</p>
<p><small>Copyright 2012-2014 Glen Fernandes. Distributed under the
Boost Software License, Version 1.0. See accompanying file
<a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at
<a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>.</small></p>
</body>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>allocate_shared and make_shared for arrays</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>allocate_shared and make_shared for arrays</h1>
<div id="navigation">
<ul>
<li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li>
<li><a href="#requirements">Common Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#functions">Free Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#history">History</a></li>
<li><a href="#references">References</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="introduction">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>
Originally the Boost function templates <code>allocate_shared</code> and
<code>make_shared</code> were for efficient allocation of shared scalar
objects only. There was a need to have efficient allocation of shared
arrays. One criticism of class template <code>shared_array</code>
was always the lack of a utility like <code>make_shared</code> that
uses only a single allocation.
</p>
<p>
The header files &lt;boost/smart_ptr/allocate_shared_array.hpp&gt; and
&lt;boost/smart_ptr/make_shared_array.hpp&gt; provide function
templates, overloads of <code>allocate_shared</code> and
<code>make_shared</code> for array types, to address this need.
<code>allocate_shared</code> uses a user-supplied allocator for
allocation, while <code>make_shared</code> uses
<code>allocate_shared</code> with the Default Allocator.
</p>
</div>
<div id="synopsis">
<h2>Synopsis</h2>
<div>
<h3>Header &lt;boost/smart_ptr/allocate_shared_array.hpp&gt;</h3>
<code>namespace boost {</code>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">allocate_shared</a>(const A&amp; a,
std::size_t n);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">allocate_shared</a>(const A&amp; a);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">allocate_shared</a>(const A&amp; a, std::size_t n,
const <em>E</em>&amp; v);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">allocate_shared</a>(const A&amp; a,
const <em>E</em>&amp; v);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">allocate_shared_noinit</a>(const A&amp; a,
std::size_t n);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">allocate_shared_noinit</a>(const A&amp; a);</code>
</blockquote>
<code>}</code>
</div>
<div>
<h3>Header &lt;boost/smart_ptr/make_shared_array.hpp&gt;</h3>
<code>namespace boost {</code>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_shared</a>(std::size_t n);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_shared</a>();</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_shared</a>(std::size_t n,
const <em>E</em>&amp; v);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_shared</a>(const <em>E</em>&amp; v);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_shared_noinit</a>(std::size_t n);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_shared_noinit</a>();</code>
</blockquote>
<code>}</code>
</div>
</div>
<div id="requirements">
<h2>Common Requirements</h2>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">allocate_shared</a>(const A&amp; a,
<em>args</em>);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Requires:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[N]</code> or
<code>E[]</code>. <code>A</code> shall be an <em>Allocator</em>, as
described in section 17.6.3.5 [Allocator requirements] of the C++
Standard. The copy constructor and destructor of <code>A</code> shall
not throw exceptions.</dd>
<dt><strong>Effects:</strong></dt>
<dd>Allocates storage for an object of type <code>E</code> (or
<code>E[size]</code> when <code>T</code> is <code>E[]</code>, where
<code>size</code> is determined from <code>args</code> as specified by
the concrete overload). A copy of the allocator is used to allocate
storage. The storage is initialized as specified by the concrete
overload. If an exception is thrown, the functions have no effect.</dd>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>shared_ptr</code> instance that stores and owns the address
of the newly allocated and constructed object.</dd>
<dt><strong>Postconditions:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>r.get() != 0</code> and <code>r.use_count() == 1</code>,
where <code>r</code> is the return value.</dd>
<dt><strong>Throws:</strong></dt>
<dd>An exception thrown from <code>A::allocate()</code>, or from the
initialization of the object.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>This implementation performs no more than one memory allocation.
This provides efficiency to equivalent to an intrusive smart
pointer.</li>
<li>When an object of an array type <code>T</code> is specified to be
initialized to a value of the same type <code>v</code>, this shall be
interpreted to mean that each array element of the object is initialized
to the corresponding element from <code>v</code>.</li>
<li>When an object of an array type <code>T</code> is specified to be
value-initialized, this shall be interpreted to mean that each array
element of the object is value-initialized.</li>
<li>Array elements are initialized in ascending order of their
addresses.</li>
<li>When a subobject of a scalar type <code>S</code> is specified to
be initialized to a value <code>v</code>, <code>allocate_shared</code>
shall perform this initialization via the expression
<code>std::allocator_traits&lt;A&gt;::construct(b, p, v)</code>, where
<code>p</code> points to storage suitable to hold an object of type
<code>S</code> and <code>b</code> of is a copy of the allocator
<code>a</code> passed to <code>allocate_shared</code> such that its
<code>value_type</code> is <code>S</code>.</li>
<li>When a subobject of scalar type <code>S</code> is specified to be
value-initialized, <code>allocate_shared</code> shall perform this
initialization via the expression
<code>std::allocator_traits&lt;A&gt;::construct(b, p)</code>, where
<code>p</code> points to storage suitable to hold an object
of type <code>S</code> and <code>b</code> is a copy of the allocator
<code>a</code> passed to <code>allocate_shared</code> such that its
<code>value_type</code> is <code>S</code>.</li>
<li>When a subobject of scalar type <code>S</code> is specified to be
default-initialized, <code>allocate_shared_noinit</code> shall perform
this initialization via the expression <code>::new(p) S</code>, where
<code>p</code> has type <code>void*</code> and points to storage
suitable to hold an object of type <code>S</code>.</li>
<li>When the lifetime of the object managed by the return value ends,
or when the initialization of an array element throws an exception,
the initialized elements should be destroyed in the reverse order
of their construction.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
<dt><strong>Notes:</strong></dt>
<dd>These functions will typically allocate more memory than the size of
<code>sizeof(E)</code> to allow for internal bookkeeping structures such
as the reference counts.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="functions">
<h2>Free Functions</h2>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
allocate_shared(const A&amp; a, std::size_t n);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>shared_ptr</code> to a value-initialized object of type
<code>E[size]</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
allocate_shared(const A&amp; a);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>shared_ptr</code> to a value-initialized object of type
<code>E[N]</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[N]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
allocate_shared(const A&amp; a, std::size_t n,
const <em>E</em>&amp; v);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>shared_ptr</code> to an object of type
<code>E[size]</code>, where each array element of type <code>E</code> is
initialized to <code>v</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
allocate_shared(const A&amp; a, const <em>E</em>&amp; v);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>shared_ptr</code> to an object of type <code>E[N]</code>,
where each array element of type <code>E</code> is initialized to
<code>v</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[N]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
allocate_shared_noinit(const A&amp; a, std::size_t n);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>shared_ptr</code> to a default-initialized object of type
<code>E[size]</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T, class A&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
allocate_shared_noinit(const A&amp; a);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>shared_ptr</code> to a default-initialized object of type
<code>E[N]</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[N]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_shared(std::size_t n);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>allocate_shared&lt;T&gt;(std::allocator&lt;<em>S<!--
--></em>&gt;(), n);</code></dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_shared();</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>allocate_shared&lt;T&gt;(std::allocator&lt;<em>S<!--
--></em>&gt;());</code></dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[N]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_shared(std::size_t n, const <em>E</em>&amp; v);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>allocate_shared&lt;T&gt;(std::allocator&lt;<em>S<!--
--></em>&gt;(), n, v);</code></dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_shared(const <em>E</em>&amp; v);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>allocate_shared&lt;T&gt;(std::allocator&lt;<em>S<!--
--></em>&gt;(), v);</code></dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[N].</code></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_shared_noinit(std::size_t n);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>allocate_shared_noinit&lt;T&gt;(std::allocator&lt;<em>S<!--
--></em>&gt;(), n);</code></dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>shared_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_shared_noinit();</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>allocate_shared_noinit&lt;T&gt;(std::allocator&lt;<em>S<!--
--></em>&gt;());</code></dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[N]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="history">
<h2>History</h2>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Boost 1.64</strong></dt>
<dd>Glen Fernandes rewrote allocate_shared and make_shared for a more
optimal and more maintainable implementation.</dd>
<dt><strong>Boost 1.56</strong></dt>
<dd>Glen Fernandes updated overloads of make_shared and allocate_shared
to conform to the specification in C++ standard paper
<a href="#N3870">N3870</a>, including resolving C++ standard library
defect report <a href="#dr2070">DR 2070</a>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Boost 1.53</strong></dt>
<dd>Glen Fernandes contributed implementations of make_shared and
allocate_shared for arrays.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="references">
<h2>References</h2>
<ol>
<li id="N3870"><strong>N3870</strong>, <a href=
"http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2014/n3870.html">
Extending make_shared to Support Arrays, Revision 1</a>, Peter Dimov
&amp; Glen Fernandes, January, 2014.</li>
<li id="dr2070"><strong>DR 2070</strong>,
<a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/lwg-active.html">
allocate_shared should use allocator_traits&lt;A&gt;::construct</a>,
Jonathan Wakely, July, 2011.</li>
</ol>
</div>
<hr>
Copyright 2012-2017 Glen Fernandes. Distributed under the
<a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">Boost Software License,
Version 1.0</a>.
</body>
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<h1><img height="86" alt="boost.png (6897 bytes)" src="../../boost.png"
width="277" align="middle" border="0">make_unique</h1>
<p><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a><br>
<a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a><br>
<a href="#common">Common Requirements</a><br>
<a href="#functions">Free Functions</a><br>
<a href="#history">History</a></p>
<h2><a name="introduction">Introduction</a></h2>
<p>The header file &lt;boost/make_unique.hpp&gt; provides overloaded
function template <code>make_unique</code> for convenient creation of
<code>unique_ptr</code> objects.</p>
<h2><a name="synopsis">Synopsis</a></h2>
<pre>namespace boost {
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is not array
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_unique</a>();
template&lt;class U, class... Args&gt; // U is not array
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_unique</a>(Args&amp;&amp;... args);
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is not array
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_unique</a>(U&amp;&amp; value);
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is T[]
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_unique</a>(size_t size);
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is not array
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_unique_noinit</a>();
template&lt;class U&gt; // U is T[]
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; <a href="#functions">make_unique_noinit</a>(size_t size);
}</pre>
<h2><a name="common">Common Requirements</a></h2>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_unique(<em>args</em>);</pre>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_unique_noinit(<em>args</em>);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Effects:</b> Allocates memory for an object of type <code>U</code>
(or <code>T[size]</code> when <code>U</code> is <code>T[]</code>,
where <code>size</code> is determined from <code>args</code> as
specified by the concrete overload). The object is initialized from
<code>args</code> as specified by the concrete overload. If an
exception is thrown, the functions have no effect.</p>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A <code>unique_ptr</code> instance that stores and
owns the address of the newly constructed object.</p>
<p><b>Postconditions:</b> <code>r.get() != 0</code>, where
<code>r</code> is the return value.</p>
<p><b>Throws:</b> <code>bad_alloc</code>, or an exception thrown from
the initialization of the object.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<p>When an object of a non-array type <code>T</code> is specified to
be initialized to a value <code>value</code>, or to
<code>T(list...)</code>, where <code>list...</code> is a list of
constructor arguments, <code>make_unique</code> shall perform this
initialization via the expression <code>new T(value)</code> or
<code>new T(list...)</code> respectively.</p>
<p>When an object of type <code>T</code> is specified to be
value-initialized, <code>make_unique</code> shall perform this
initialization via the expression <code>new T()</code>.</p>
<p>When an object of type <code>T</code> is specified to be
default-initialized, <code>make_unique_noinit</code> shall perform
this initialization via the expression <code>new T</code>.</p>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h2><a name="functions">Free Functions</a></h2>
<pre>template&lt;class U, class... Args&gt;
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_unique(Args&amp;&amp;... args);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A unique_ptr to an object of type <code>U</code>,
initialized to <code>U(forward&lt;Args&gt;(args)...)</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> This overload shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is not an array type.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;float&gt; p1 = boost::make_unique&lt;float&gt;();</pre>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;point&gt; p2 = boost::make_unique&lt;point&gt;(x, y);</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_unique(U&amp;&amp; value);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A unique_ptr to an object of type <code>U</code>,
initialized to <code>move(value)</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> This overload shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is not an array type.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;string&gt; p1 = boost::make_unique&lt;string&gt;({'a', 'b'});</pre>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;point&gt; p2 = boost::make_unique&lt;point&gt;({-10, 25});</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_unique(size_t size);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A unique_ptr to a value-initialized object of type
<code>T[size]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> This overload shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is of the form <code>T[]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;double[]&gt; p1 = boost::make_unique&lt;double[]&gt;(4);</pre>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;int[][2]&gt; p2 = boost::make_unique&lt;int[][2]&gt;(2);</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_unique_noinit();</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A unique_ptr to a default-initialized object of
type <code>U</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> This overload shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is not an array type.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;float&gt; p1 = boost::make_unique_noinit&lt;float&gt;();</pre>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;point&gt; p2 = boost::make_unique_noinit&lt;point&gt;();</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<pre>template&lt;class U&gt;
unique_ptr&lt;U&gt; make_unique_noinit(size_t size);</pre>
<blockquote>
<p><b>Returns:</b> A unique_ptr to a default-initialized object of
type <code>T[size]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Remarks:</b> This overload shall only participate in overload
resolution when <code>U</code> is of the form <code>T[]</code>.</p>
<p><b>Examples:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;double[]&gt; p1 = boost::make_unique_noinit&lt;double[]&gt;(4);</pre>
<pre>unique_ptr&lt;int[][2]&gt; p2 = boost::make_unique_noinit&lt;int[][2]&gt;(2);</pre>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
<h2><a name="history">History</a></h2>
<p>January 2014. Glen Fernandes contributed implementations of
make_unique for objects and arrays.</p>
<hr>
<p>$Date$</p>
<p><small>Copyright 2012-2014 Glen Fernandes. Distributed under the
Boost Software License, Version 1.0. See accompanying file
<a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at
<a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>.</small></p>
</body>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>make_unique</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>make_unique</h1>
<div id="navigation">
<ul>
<li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#synopsis">Synopsis</a></li>
<li><a href="#requirements">Common Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#functions">Free Functions</a></li>
<li><a href="#history">History</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="introduction">
<h2>Introduction</h2>
<p>
The header file &lt;boost/make_unique.hpp&gt; provides overloads of
function template <code>make_unique</code> for convenient creation of
<code>std::unique_ptr</code> objects.
</p>
</div>
<div id="synopsis">
<h2>Synopsis</h2>
<div>
<h3>Header &lt;boost/smart_ptr/make_unique.hpp&gt;</h3>
<code>namespace boost {</code>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_unique</a>();</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T, class... Args&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_unique</a>(Args&amp;&amp;... args);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_unique</a>(<em>T</em>&amp;&amp; value);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_unique</a>(std::size_t size);</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_unique_noinit</a>();</code>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_unique_noinit</a>(std::size_t size);</code>
</blockquote>
<code>}</code>
</div>
</div>
<div id="requirements">
<h2>Common Requirements</h2>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T, <em>Args</em>&gt;<br>
std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
<a href="#functions">make_unique</a>(<em>args</em>);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Effects:</strong></dt>
<dd>Allocates storage for an object of type <code>T</code> (or
<code>E[size]</code> when <code>T</code> is <code>E[]</code>, where
<code>size</code> is determined from <code>args</code> as specified by
the concrete overload). The storage is initialized from
<code>args</code> as specified by the concrete overload. If an exception
is thrown, the functions have no effect.</dd>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>std::unique_ptr</code> instance that stores and owns the
address of the newly allocated and constructed object.</dd>
<dt><strong>Postconditions:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>r.get() != 0</code>, where <code>r</code> is the return
value.</dd>
<dt><strong>Throws:</strong></dt>
<dd><code>std::bad_alloc</code>, or an exception thrown from the
initialization of the object.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>
<ul>
<li>When an object of a scalar type T is specified to be initialized to
a value <code>value</code>, or to <code>T(args...)</code>, where
<code>args...</code> is a list of constructor arguments,
<code>make_unique</code> shall perform this initialization via the
expression <code>new T(value)</code> or <code>new T(args...)</code>
respectively.</li>
<li>When an object of type <code>T</code> is specified to be
value-initialized, <code>make_unique</code> shall perform this
initialization via the expression <code>new T()</code>.</li>
<li>When an object of type <code>T</code> is specified to be
default-initialized, <code>make_unique_noinit</code> shall perform this
initialization via the expression <code>new T</code>.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div id="functions">
<h2>Free functions</h2>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T, class... Args&gt;<br>
std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_unique(Args&amp;&amp;... args);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>std::unique_ptr</code> to an object of type <code>T</code>,
initialized to <code>std::forward&lt;Args&gt;(args)...</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is not an array type.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_unique(<em>T</em>&amp;&amp; value);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>std::unique_ptr</code> to an object of type <code>T</code>,
initialized to <code>std::move(value)</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is not an array type.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_unique(std::size_t size);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>std::unique_ptr</code> to a value-initialized object of type
<code>E[size]</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_unique_noinit();</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>std::unique_ptr</code> to a default-initialized object of
type <code>T</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is not an array type.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div>
<h3><code>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>std::unique_ptr&lt;T&gt;
make_unique_noinit(std::size_t size);</code></h3>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Returns:</strong></dt>
<dd>A <code>std::unique_ptr</code> to a default-initialized object of
type <code>E[size]</code>.</dd>
<dt><strong>Remarks:</strong></dt>
<dd>This overload shall only participate in overload resolution when
<code>T</code> is of the form <code>E[]</code>.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div id="history">
<h2>History</h2>
<dl>
<dt><strong>Boost 1.56</strong></dt>
<dd>Glen Fernandes contributed implementations of make_unique for
scalars and arrays</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<hr>
Copyright 2012-2014 Glen Fernandes. Distributed under the
<a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">Boost Software License,
Version 1.0</a>.
</body>
</html>