Disable errc_t -> arithmetic conversions when initializing result (closes #74)

Fix a typo

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -152,6 +152,10 @@ jobs:
             cxxstd: "14,17,latest"
             addrmd: 32,64
             os: windows-2019
+          - toolset: msvc-14.3
+            cxxstd: "14,17,latest"
+            addrmd: 32,64
+            os: windows-2022
           - toolset: gcc
             cxxstd: "03,11,14,17,2a"
             addrmd: 64
@@ -189,3 +193,159 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cd ../boost-root
           b2 -j3 libs/%LIBRARY%/test toolset=${{matrix.toolset}} cxxstd=${{matrix.cxxstd}} address-model=${{matrix.addrmd}} variant=debug,release
+
+  posix-cmake-subdir:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-18.04
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+          - os: macos-10.15
+
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.os}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Install packages
+        if: matrix.install
+        run: sudo apt install ${{matrix.install}}
+
+      - name: Setup Boost
+        run: |
+          echo GITHUB_REPOSITORY: $GITHUB_REPOSITORY
+          LIBRARY=${GITHUB_REPOSITORY#*/}
+          echo LIBRARY: $LIBRARY
+          echo "LIBRARY=$LIBRARY" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo GITHUB_BASE_REF: $GITHUB_BASE_REF
+          echo GITHUB_REF: $GITHUB_REF
+          REF=${GITHUB_BASE_REF:-$GITHUB_REF}
+          REF=${REF#refs/heads/}
+          echo REF: $REF
+          BOOST_BRANCH=develop && [ "$REF" == "master" ] && BOOST_BRANCH=master || true
+          echo BOOST_BRANCH: $BOOST_BRANCH
+          cd ..
+          git clone -b $BOOST_BRANCH --depth 1 https://github.com/boostorg/boost.git boost-root
+          cd boost-root
+          cp -r $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/* libs/$LIBRARY
+          git submodule update --init tools/boostdep
+          python tools/boostdep/depinst/depinst.py --git_args "--jobs 3" $LIBRARY
+
+      - name: Use library with add_subdirectory
+        run: |
+          cd ../boost-root/libs/$LIBRARY/test/cmake_subdir_test
+          mkdir __build__ && cd __build__
+          cmake ..
+          cmake --build .
+          ctest --output-on-failure --no-tests=error
+
+  posix-cmake-install:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-18.04
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+          - os: macos-10.15
+
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.os}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Install packages
+        if: matrix.install
+        run: sudo apt install ${{matrix.install}}
+
+      - name: Setup Boost
+        run: |
+          echo GITHUB_REPOSITORY: $GITHUB_REPOSITORY
+          LIBRARY=${GITHUB_REPOSITORY#*/}
+          echo LIBRARY: $LIBRARY
+          echo "LIBRARY=$LIBRARY" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo GITHUB_BASE_REF: $GITHUB_BASE_REF
+          echo GITHUB_REF: $GITHUB_REF
+          REF=${GITHUB_BASE_REF:-$GITHUB_REF}
+          REF=${REF#refs/heads/}
+          echo REF: $REF
+          BOOST_BRANCH=develop && [ "$REF" == "master" ] && BOOST_BRANCH=master || true
+          echo BOOST_BRANCH: $BOOST_BRANCH
+          cd ..
+          git clone -b $BOOST_BRANCH --depth 1 https://github.com/boostorg/boost.git boost-root
+          cd boost-root
+          cp -r $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/* libs/$LIBRARY
+          git submodule update --init tools/boostdep
+          python tools/boostdep/depinst/depinst.py --git_args "--jobs 3" $LIBRARY
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          cd ../boost-root
+          mkdir __build__ && cd __build__
+          cmake -DBOOST_INCLUDE_LIBRARIES=$LIBRARY -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/.local ..
+
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+          cd ../boost-root/__build__
+          cmake --build . --target install
+
+      - name: Use the installed library
+        run: |
+          cd ../boost-root/libs/$LIBRARY/test/cmake_install_test && mkdir __build__ && cd __build__
+          cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=~/.local ..
+          cmake --build .
+          ctest --output-on-failure --no-tests=error
+
+  posix-cmake-test:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - os: ubuntu-18.04
+          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+          - os: macos-10.15
+
+    runs-on: ${{matrix.os}}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+
+      - name: Install packages
+        if: matrix.install
+        run: sudo apt install ${{matrix.install}}
+
+      - name: Setup Boost
+        run: |
+          echo GITHUB_REPOSITORY: $GITHUB_REPOSITORY
+          LIBRARY=${GITHUB_REPOSITORY#*/}
+          echo LIBRARY: $LIBRARY
+          echo "LIBRARY=$LIBRARY" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo GITHUB_BASE_REF: $GITHUB_BASE_REF
+          echo GITHUB_REF: $GITHUB_REF
+          REF=${GITHUB_BASE_REF:-$GITHUB_REF}
+          REF=${REF#refs/heads/}
+          echo REF: $REF
+          BOOST_BRANCH=develop && [ "$REF" == "master" ] && BOOST_BRANCH=master || true
+          echo BOOST_BRANCH: $BOOST_BRANCH
+          cd ..
+          git clone -b $BOOST_BRANCH --depth 1 https://github.com/boostorg/boost.git boost-root
+          cd boost-root
+          cp -r $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/* libs/$LIBRARY
+          git submodule update --init tools/boostdep
+          python tools/boostdep/depinst/depinst.py --git_args "--jobs 3" $LIBRARY
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: |
+          cd ../boost-root
+          mkdir __build__ && cd __build__
+          cmake -DBOOST_INCLUDE_LIBRARIES=$LIBRARY -DBUILD_TESTING=ON ..
+
+      - name: Build tests
+        run: |
+          cd ../boost-root/__build__
+          cmake --build . --target tests
+
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+          cd ../boost-root/__build__
+          ctest --output-on-failure --no-tests=error

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Copyright 2018-2020 Peter Dimov
+# Copyright 2018-2021 Peter Dimov
 # Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 # See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
 
@@ -13,7 +13,10 @@ target_include_directories(boost_system INTERFACE include)
 
 target_link_libraries(boost_system
   INTERFACE
+    Boost::assert
     Boost::config
+    Boost::throw_exception
+    Boost::variant2
     Boost::winapi
 )
 

doc/system.adoc

@@ -13,10 +13,13 @@ Beman Dawes, Christopher Kohlhoff, Peter Dimov
 :toclevels: 4
 :idprefix:
 :docinfo: private-footer
+:source-highlighter: rouge
+:source-language: c++
 
 :leveloffset: +1
 
 include::system/introduction.adoc[]
+include::system/usage.adoc[]
 include::system/changes.adoc[]
 include::system/rationale.adoc[]
 include::system/reference.adoc[]

doc/system/changes.adoc

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
 ## Changes in Boost 1.78
 
 * Added support for source locations to `error_code`.
-* Added `error_code::to_string`.
+* Added `error_code::to_string`, `error_condition::to_string`, `error_code::what`.
 * `system_error::what()` now contains the source location, if present.
 * Added `result<T, E = error_code>`, a class holding either a value or an
   error, defined in `<boost/system/result.hpp>`.

doc/system/introduction.adoc

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ////
 Copyright 2003-2017 Beman Dawes
-Copyright 2018 Peter Dimov
+Copyright 2018, 2021 Peter Dimov
 
 Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 
@@ -12,39 +12,67 @@ http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
 # Introduction
 :idprefix: intro_
 
-Error conditions originating from the operating system or other low-level
-application program interfaces (API's) are typically reported via an integer
-representing an error code. When these low-level API calls are wrapped in
-portable code, such as in a portable library, some users want to deal with the
-error codes in portable ways. Other users need to get at the system specific
-error codes, so they can deal with system specific needs. The Boost System
-library provides simple, light-weight `error_code` objects that encapsulate
-system-specific error code values, yet also provide access to more abstract
-and portable error conditions via `error_condition` objects.
+Errors originating from the operating system or other low-level application
+program interfaces (APIs) are typically reported via an integer representing
+an error code, either by returning the code directly from the function (e.g.
+`pthread_mutex_init`) or by using a side channel such as the `errno`
+pseudo-variable under POSIX or `GetLastError()` under Windows.
 
-Because `error_code` objects can represent errors from sources other than the
-operating system, including user-defined sources, each `error_code` and
-`error_condition` has an associated `error_category`.
+However, these integer error values can only be interpreted when their source
+is known. The value 5 under Windows means `ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED` when returned
+by `GetLastError()`, but `EIO` when retrieved from `errno`. And conversely,
+the same error condition "access denied" is represented by the value 5 when
+returned by `GetLastError()` and 13 (`EACCES`) when retrieved from `errno`.
 
-An exception class, `system_error`, is provided. Derived from
-`std::runtime_error`, it captures the underlying `error_code` for the problem
-causing the exception so that this important information is not lost.
+This means that in order for code to be able to handle errors from both
+sources (to retrieve a text message describing the error, or to check whether
+the error means "access denied"), it needs to know where the integer error
+value originated. For this to be possible, the integer error value needs to
+be accompanied by a piece of information identifying the source.
 
-While exceptions are the preferred {cpp} default error code reporting
-mechanism, users of libraries dependent on low-level API's often need overloads
-reporting error conditions via error code arguments and/or return values rather
-than via throwing exceptions. Otherwise, when errors are not exceptional
-occurrences and must be dealt with as they arise, programs become littered with
-try/catch blocks, unreadable, and inefficient. The Boost System library
-supports both error reporting by exception and by error code.
+Boost.System provides a framework in which this is possible. Errors are
+represented by a class `error_code` which contains both the error value and
+a pointer to their source (called "category"), represented as a class derived
+from `error_category`.
 
-In addition to portable errors codes and conditions supported by the
-`error_code.hpp` header, system-specific headers support the Cygwin, Linux,
-and Windows platforms. These headers are effectively no-ops if included for
-platforms other than their intended target.
+The category provides member functions such as `message`, which returns a text
+message for a specific error value, and `equivalent`, which can be used to test
+whether a specific error value correspond to an error condition such as "access
+denied". `error_code` uses these category-provided functions in the
+implementation of its `message` and `operator==` member functions.
 
-Boost.System is part of the {cpp}11 Standard Library.
-A number of changes, particularly to names, were made by the C++ committee
-during standardization. The Boost implementation has been tracking those changes.
-See <<#ref_deprecated_names,Deprecated Names>> for synonyms provided to prevent
-breakage of existing user code.
+Boost.System contains two predefined category classes, the generic category
+(a reference to which is returned by `generic_category()`) and the system
+category (`system_category()`). The generic category represents the error
+values of the portable subset of `errno` values defined by the POSIX standard,
+whereas the system category is OS dependent. Under POSIX, the system category
+represents the `errno` values returned by the OS APIs (a superset of those in
+the generic category), whereas under Windows, the system category represents
+the error values returned by `GetLastError()`.
+
+The framework is extensible. Users can define their own categories by
+deriving a class from `error_category` and implementing a function that
+returns a reference to an instance of it. This capability is useful both for
+describing library-defined error values, and for adapting existing C API
+libraries that return integer error values.
+
+For those who prefer error reporting via exceptions, Boost.System provides
+a standard exception class `system_error` that stores an `error_code`.
+
+Boost.System was standardized in {cpp}11 as `<system_error>`. For a while,
+the two were equivalent, but Boost.System has evolved since then and now
+contains a number of extensions over its standard sibling:
+
+* A non-allocating overload of `message`;
+* Support for nonzero error codes meaning success, via the `failed` member
+  functions;
+* Support for 64 bit category identifiers, as a solution to the problem
+  that sometimes it's not possible to ensure that only one instance of a
+  category exists in the program;
+* Support for attaching source locations (file/line/function) to error codes;
+* A class `result<T>` that can be used to return either a value or an error
+  code from a function;
+* Various other minor improvements.
+
+`boost::system::error_code` can be converted to, and constructed from,
+`std::error_code`.

doc/system/reference.adoc

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ namespace errc {
     too_many_files_open_in_system,  //ENFILE
     too_many_files_open,            //EMFILE
     too_many_links,                 //EMLINK
-    too_many_synbolic_link_levels,  //ELOOP
+    too_many_symbolic_link_levels,  //ELOOP
     value_too_large,                //EOVERFLOW
     wrong_protocol_type             //EPROTOTYPE
   };
@@ -571,9 +571,13 @@ public:
     error_code( int val, const error_category & cat,
       boost::source_location const * loc ) noexcept;
 
-    template <class ErrorCodeEnum>
+    template<class ErrorCodeEnum>
       constexpr error_code( ErrorCodeEnum e ) noexcept;
 
+    template<class ErrorCodeEnum>
+      error_code( ErrorCodeEnum e, boost::source_location const * loc )
+        noexcept;
+
     error_code( std::error_code const& ec ) noexcept;
 
     // modifiers
@@ -583,9 +587,13 @@ public:
     void assign( int val, const error_category & cat,
       boost::source_location const * loc ) noexcept;
 
-    template<typename ErrorCodeEnum>
+    template<class ErrorCodeEnum>
       constexpr error_code & operator=( ErrorCodeEnum e ) noexcept;
 
+    template<class ErrorCodeEnum>
+      void assign( ErrorCodeEnum e,
+        boost::source_location const * loc ) noexcept;
+
     constexpr void clear() noexcept;
 
     // observers
@@ -657,9 +665,13 @@ public:
 
     // stream insertion
 
-    template <class charT, class traits>
+    template<class charT, class traits>
       friend std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
         operator<<( basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const error_code & ec );
+
+    // what
+
+    std::string what() const;
 };
 
 // non-member functions
@@ -699,7 +711,7 @@ Requires: :: `loc` points to a valid `boost::source_location` object with static
 Ensures: :: `value() == val`; `category() == cat`; `has_location()`; `&location() == loc`.
 
 ```
-template <class ErrorCodeEnum>
+template<class ErrorCodeEnum>
   constexpr error_code( ErrorCodeEnum e ) noexcept;
 ```
 [none]
@@ -708,6 +720,19 @@ template <class ErrorCodeEnum>
 Ensures: :: `*this == make_error_code( e )`.
 Remarks: :: This constructor is only enabled when `is_error_code_enum<ErrorCodeEnum>::value` is `true`.
 
+```
+template<class ErrorCodeEnum>
+  error_code( ErrorCodeEnum e, boost::source_location const * loc ) noexcept;
+```
+[none]
+* {blank}
++
+Requires: :: `loc` points to a valid `boost::source_location` object with static storage duration.
+Ensures: :: `*this == make_error_code( e )`.
+Remarks: :: This constructor is only enabled when `is_error_code_enum<ErrorCodeEnum>::value` is `true`.
+  When `make_error_code( e )` is not a default-constructed `error_code` and doesn't wrap a
+  `std::error_code`, `has_location()` is `true` and `&location()` is `loc`.
+
 ```
 error_code( std::error_code const & ec ) noexcept;
 ```
@@ -725,7 +750,7 @@ constexpr void assign( int val, const error_category & cat ) noexcept;
 [none]
 * {blank}
 +
-Effects: :: `*this = error_code( val, cat );`.
+Effects: :: `*this = error_code( val, cat )`.
 
 ```
 void assign( int val, const error_category & cat,
@@ -734,10 +759,10 @@ void assign( int val, const error_category & cat,
 [none]
 * {blank}
 +
-Effects: :: `*this = error_code( val, cat, loc );`.
+Effects: :: `*this = error_code( val, cat, loc )`.
 
 ```
-template<typename ErrorCodeEnum>
+template<class ErrorCodeEnum>
   constexpr error_code & operator=( ErrorCodeEnum e ) noexcept;
 ```
 [none]
@@ -746,6 +771,18 @@ template<typename ErrorCodeEnum>
 Ensures: :: `*this == make_error_code( e )`.
 Remarks: :: This operator is only enabled when `is_error_code_enum<ErrorCodeEnum>::value` is `true`.
 
+```
+template<class ErrorCodeEnum>
+  void assign( ErrorCodeEnum e,
+    boost::source_location const * loc ) noexcept;
+```
+[none]
+* {blank}
++
+Requires: :: `loc` points to a valid `boost::source_location` object with static storage duration.
+Effects: :: `*this = error_code( e, loc )`.
+Remarks: :: This function is only enabled when `is_error_code_enum<ErrorCodeEnum>::value` is `true`.
+
 ```
 constexpr void clear() noexcept;
 ```
@@ -753,7 +790,7 @@ constexpr void clear() noexcept;
 * {blank}
 +
 Effects: ::
-  `*this = error_code();`.
+  `*this = error_code()`.
 
 #### Observers
 
@@ -1021,6 +1058,18 @@ template <class charT, class traits>
 Effects: :: `os << to_string()`.
 Returns: :: `os`.
 
+#### what
+
+```
+std::string what() const;
+```
+[none]
+* {blank}
++
+Returns: :: A string representation of `*this`, suitable for logging and
+  diagnostic output. Typically incorporates `message()`, `to_string()`, and
+  `location().to_string()` (if available.)
+
 #### Nonmembers
 
 ```
@@ -1096,6 +1145,10 @@ public:
 
     operator std::error_condition() const;
 
+    // to_string
+
+    std::string to_string() const;
+
     // stream insertion
 
     template <class charT, class traits>
@@ -1284,6 +1337,17 @@ operator std::error_condition() const;
 Returns: ::
   `std::error_condition( value(), category() )`.
 
+#### to_string
+
+```
+std::string to_string() const;
+```
+[none]
+* {blank}
++
+Returns: :: The concatenation of `"cond:"`, `category().name()`, `':'`,
+  and the string representation of `value()`.
+
 #### Stream Insertion
 
 ```
@@ -1294,7 +1358,7 @@ template <class charT, class traits>
 [none]
 * {blank}
 +
-Effects: :: `os << "cond:" << en.category().name() << ':' << en.value()`.
+Effects: :: `os << en.to_string()`.
 Returns: ::
   `os`.
 
@@ -1700,8 +1764,8 @@ template<class Ch, class Tr, class T, class E>
 * {blank}
 +
 Effects: ::
-  - If `*this` holds a value `t`, `os << "value:" << t;`.
-  - If `*this` holds an error `e`, `os << "error:" << e;`.
+  - If `*this` holds a value `t`, `os << "value:" << t`.
+  - If `*this` holds an error `e`, `os << "error:" << e`.
 Returns: ::
   `os`.
 
@@ -1943,8 +2007,8 @@ template<class Ch, class Tr, class E>
 * {blank}
 +
 Effects: ::
-  - If `*this` holds a value, `os << "value:void";`.
-  - If `*this` holds an error `e`, `os << "error:" << e;`.
+  - If `*this` holds a value, `os << "value:void"`.
+  - If `*this` holds an error `e`, `os << "error:" << e`.
 Returns: ::
   `os`.
 

include/boost/system/detail/append_int.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef BOOST_SYSTEM_DETAIL_APPEND_INT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define BOOST_SYSTEM_DETAIL_APPEND_INT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#include <boost/system/detail/snprintf.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+//
+
+namespace boost
+{
+namespace system
+{
+namespace detail
+{
+
+inline void append_int( std::string& s, int v )
+{
+    char buffer[ 32 ];
+    detail::snprintf( buffer, sizeof( buffer ), ":%d", v );
+
+    s += buffer;
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace system
+} // namespace boost
+
+#endif // #ifndef BOOST_SYSTEM_DETAIL_APPEND_INT_HPP_INCLUDED

include/boost/system/detail/error_category.hpp

@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ private:
     friend std::size_t hash_value( error_code const & ec );
     friend BOOST_SYSTEM_CONSTEXPR bool detail::failed_impl( int ev, error_category const & cat );
 
+    friend class error_code;
+    friend class error_condition;
+
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_DELETED_FUNCTIONS)
 public:
 
@@ -170,9 +173,9 @@ public:
 namespace detail
 {
 
-static const boost::ulong_long_type generic_category_id = ( boost::ulong_long_type( 0xB2AB117A ) << 32 ) + 0x257EDF0D;
-static const boost::ulong_long_type system_category_id = ( boost::ulong_long_type( 0x8FAFD21E ) << 32 ) + 0x25C5E09B;
-static const boost::ulong_long_type interop_category_id = ( boost::ulong_long_type( 0x943F2817 ) << 32 ) + 0xFD3A8FAF;
+static const boost::ulong_long_type generic_category_id = ( boost::ulong_long_type( 0xB2AB117A ) << 32 ) + 0x257EDFD0;
+static const boost::ulong_long_type system_category_id = generic_category_id + 1;
+static const boost::ulong_long_type interop_category_id = generic_category_id + 2;
 
 BOOST_SYSTEM_CONSTEXPR inline bool failed_impl( int ev, error_category const & cat )
 {

include/boost/system/detail/error_category_impl.hpp

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 
 namespace boost
 {
-
 namespace system
 {
 
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ inline bool error_category::equivalent( int code, const error_condition & condit
 
 inline bool error_category::equivalent( const error_code & code, int condition ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
 {
-    return *this == code.category() && code.value() == condition;
+    return code.equals( condition, *this );
 }
 
 inline char const * error_category::message( int ev, char * buffer, std::size_t len ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
@@ -91,7 +90,6 @@ inline char const * error_category::message( int ev, char * buffer, std::size_t
 }
 
 } // namespace system
-
 } // namespace boost
 
 // interoperability with std::error_code, std::error_condition
@@ -100,28 +98,54 @@ inline char const * error_category::message( int ev, char * buffer, std::size_t
 
 #include <boost/system/detail/std_category.hpp>
 
-inline boost::system::error_category::operator std::error_category const & () const
+namespace boost
 {
-    if( id_ == boost::system::detail::system_category_id )
+namespace system
+{
+
+inline error_category::operator std::error_category const & () const
+{
+    if( id_ == detail::generic_category_id )
     {
-        static const boost::system::detail::std_category system_instance( this, 0x1F4D7 );
-        return system_instance;
+// This condition must be the same as the one in error_condition.hpp
+#if defined(BOOST_GCC) && BOOST_GCC < 50000
+
+    static const boost::system::detail::std_category generic_instance( this, 0x1F4D3 );
+    return generic_instance;
+
+#else
+
+    return std::generic_category();
+
+#endif
     }
 
-    if( id_ == boost::system::detail::generic_category_id )
+    if( id_ == detail::system_category_id )
     {
-        static const boost::system::detail::std_category generic_instance( this, 0x1F4D3 );
-        return generic_instance;
+// This condition must be the same as the one in error_code.hpp
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1800) || (defined(BOOST_GCC) && BOOST_GCC < 50000)
+
+    // Under Cygwin (and MinGW!), std::system_category() is POSIX
+    // Under VS2013, std::system_category() isn't quite right
+
+    static const boost::system::detail::std_category system_instance( this, 0x1F4D7 );
+    return system_instance;
+
+#else
+
+    return std::system_category();
+
+#endif
     }
 
-    boost::system::detail::std_category* p = ps_.load( std::memory_order_acquire );
+    detail::std_category* p = ps_.load( std::memory_order_acquire );
 
     if( p != 0 )
     {
         return *p;
     }
 
-    boost::system::detail::std_category* q = new detail::std_category( this, 0 );
+    detail::std_category* q = new detail::std_category( this, 0 );
 
     if( ps_.compare_exchange_strong( p, q, std::memory_order_release, std::memory_order_acquire ) )
     {
@@ -134,6 +158,9 @@ inline boost::system::error_category::operator std::error_category const & () co
     }
 }
 
+} // namespace system
+} // namespace boost
+
 #endif // #if defined(BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR)
 
 #endif // #ifndef BOOST_SYSTEM_DETAIL_ERROR_CATEGORY_IMPL_HPP_INCLUDED

include/boost/system/detail/error_code.hpp

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <boost/system/detail/interop_category.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/detail/enable_if.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/detail/is_same.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/detail/append_int.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/detail/snprintf.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/detail/config.hpp>
 #include <boost/assert/source_location.hpp>
@@ -106,10 +107,30 @@ public:
     }
 
     template<class ErrorCodeEnum> BOOST_SYSTEM_CONSTEXPR error_code( ErrorCodeEnum e,
+        typename detail::enable_if<
+            is_error_code_enum<ErrorCodeEnum>::value
+#if defined(BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR)
+            || std::is_error_code_enum<ErrorCodeEnum>::value
+#endif
+        >::type* = 0 ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT: d1_(), lc_flags_( 0 )
+    {
+        *this = make_error_code( e );
+    }
+
+    template<class ErrorCodeEnum> error_code( ErrorCodeEnum e, source_location const * loc,
         typename detail::enable_if<is_error_code_enum<ErrorCodeEnum>::value>::type* = 0 ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT:
         d1_(), lc_flags_( 0 )
     {
-        *this = make_error_code( e );
+        error_code e2 = make_error_code( e );
+
+        if( e2.lc_flags_ == 0 || e2.lc_flags_ == 1 )
+        {
+            *this = e2;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *this = error_code( e2.d1_.val_, *e2.d1_.cat_, loc );
+        }
     }
 
 #if defined(BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR)
@@ -142,6 +163,13 @@ public:
         return *this;
     }
 
+    template<typename ErrorCodeEnum>
+        typename detail::enable_if<is_error_code_enum<ErrorCodeEnum>::value, void>::type
+        assign( ErrorCodeEnum val, source_location const * loc ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        *this = error_code( val, loc );
+    }
+
     BOOST_SYSTEM_CONSTEXPR void clear() BOOST_NOEXCEPT
     {
         *this = error_code();
@@ -285,6 +313,30 @@ public:
 
     // relationals:
 
+private:
+
+    // private equality for use in error_category::equivalent
+
+    friend class error_category;
+
+    BOOST_SYSTEM_CONSTEXPR bool equals( int val, error_category const& cat ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        if( lc_flags_ == 0 )
+        {
+            return val == 0 && cat.id_ == detail::system_category_id;
+        }
+        else if( lc_flags_ == 1 )
+        {
+            return cat.id_ == detail::interop_category_id && val == value();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return val == d1_.val_ && cat == *d1_.cat_;
+        }
+    }
+
+public:
+
     //  the more symmetrical non-member syntax allows enum
     //  conversions work for both rhs and lhs.
 
@@ -479,8 +531,16 @@ public:
         }
         else if( lc_flags_ == 0 )
         {
-            //return std::error_code();
+// This condition must be the same as the one in error_category_impl.hpp
+#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__MINGW32__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER == 1800) || (defined(BOOST_GCC) && BOOST_GCC < 50000)
+
             return std::error_code( 0, boost::system::system_category() );
+
+#else
+
+            return std::error_code();
+
+#endif
         }
         else
         {
@@ -525,18 +585,18 @@ public:
         {
             std::error_code const& e2 = *reinterpret_cast<std::error_code const*>( d2_ );
 
-            char buffer[ 32 ];
-            detail::snprintf( buffer, sizeof( buffer ), "%d", e2.value() );
+            std::string r( "std:" );
+            r += e2.category().name();
+            detail::append_int( r, e2.value() );
 
-            return std::string( "std:" ) + e2.category().name() + ":" + buffer;
+            return r;
         }
         else
 #endif
         {
-            char buffer[ 32 ];
-            detail::snprintf( buffer, sizeof( buffer ), "%d", value() );
-
-            return std::string( category().name() ) + ":" + buffer;
+            std::string r = category().name();
+            detail::append_int( r, value() );
+            return r;
         }
     }
 
@@ -546,6 +606,23 @@ public:
     {
         return os << ec.to_string();
     }
+
+    std::string what() const
+    {
+        std::string r = message();
+
+        r += " [";
+        r += to_string();
+
+        if( has_location() )
+        {
+            r += " at ";
+            r += location().to_string();
+        }
+
+        r += "]";
+        return r;
+    }
 };
 
 inline std::size_t hash_value( error_code const & ec )

include/boost/system/detail/error_condition.hpp

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <boost/system/detail/enable_if.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/detail/is_same.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/detail/errc.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/detail/append_int.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/is_error_condition_enum.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/detail/config.hpp>
 #include <boost/config.hpp>
@@ -47,6 +48,13 @@ private:
     int val_;
     error_category const * cat_;
 
+private:
+
+    boost::ulong_long_type cat_id() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return cat_? cat_->id_: detail::generic_category_id;
+    }
+
 public:
 
     // constructors:
@@ -122,7 +130,7 @@ public:
         }
         else
         {
-            return generic_category().message( value() );
+            return detail::generic_error_category_message( value() );
         }
     }
 
@@ -134,7 +142,7 @@ public:
         }
         else
         {
-            return generic_category().message( value(), buffer, len );
+            return detail::generic_error_category_message( value(), buffer, len );
         }
     }
 
@@ -180,7 +188,22 @@ public:
 
     BOOST_SYSTEM_CONSTEXPR inline friend bool operator==( const error_condition & lhs, const error_condition & rhs ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
     {
-        return lhs.val_ == rhs.val_ && lhs.category() == rhs.category();
+        if( lhs.val_ != rhs.val_ )
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        else if( lhs.cat_ == 0 )
+        {
+            return rhs.cat_id() == detail::generic_category_id;
+        }
+        else if( rhs.cat_ == 0 )
+        {
+            return lhs.cat_id() == detail::generic_category_id;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return *lhs.cat_ == *rhs.cat_;
+        }
     }
 
     BOOST_SYSTEM_CONSTEXPR inline friend bool operator<( const error_condition & lhs, const error_condition & rhs ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
@@ -199,7 +222,23 @@ public:
 
     operator std::error_condition () const
     {
+// This condition must be the same as the one in error_category_impl.hpp
+#if defined(BOOST_GCC) && BOOST_GCC < 50000
+
         return std::error_condition( value(), category() );
+
+#else
+
+        if( cat_ )
+        {
+            return std::error_condition( val_, *cat_ );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return std::error_condition( val_, std::generic_category() );
+        }
+
+#endif
     }
 
     inline friend bool operator==( std::error_code const & lhs, error_condition const & rhs ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
@@ -224,14 +263,29 @@ public:
 
 #endif
 
+    std::string to_string() const
+    {
+        std::string r( "cond:" );
+
+        if( cat_ )
+        {
+            r += cat_->name();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            r += "generic";
+        }
+
+        detail::append_int( r, value() );
+
+        return r;
+    }
+
     template<class Ch, class Tr>
         inline friend std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>&
         operator<< (std::basic_ostream<Ch, Tr>& os, error_condition const & en)
     {
-        {
-            os << "cond:" << en.category().name() << ':' << en.value();
-        }
-
+        os << en.to_string();
         return os;
     }
 };

include/boost/system/detail/snprintf.hpp

@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ inline void snprintf( char * buffer, std::size_t len, char const * format, ... )
 
 #else
 
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 3
+__attribute__((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 4)))
+#endif
 inline void snprintf( char * buffer, std::size_t len, char const * format, ... )
 {
     va_list args;

include/boost/system/result.hpp

@@ -39,6 +39,15 @@ constexpr in_place_value_t in_place_value{};
 using in_place_error_t = variant2::in_place_index_t<1>;
 constexpr in_place_error_t in_place_error{};
 
+namespace detail
+{
+
+template<class T> using remove_cvref = typename std::remove_cv< typename std::remove_reference<T>::type >::type;
+
+template<class... T> using is_errc_t = std::is_same<mp11::mp_list<remove_cvref<T>...>, mp11::mp_list<errc::errc_t>>;
+
+} // namespace detail
+
 // result
 
 template<class T, class E = error_code> class result
@@ -62,35 +71,11 @@ public:
     {
     }
 
-    // explicit, value
-    template<class A, class En = typename std::enable_if<
-        std::is_constructible<T, A>::value &&
-        !std::is_convertible<A, T>::value &&
-        !std::is_constructible<E, A>::value
-        >::type>
-    explicit constexpr result( A&& a )
-        noexcept( std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, A>::value )
-        : v_( in_place_value, std::forward<A>(a) )
-    {
-    }
-
-    // explicit, error
-    template<class A, class En2 = void, class En = typename std::enable_if<
-        std::is_constructible<E, A>::value &&
-        !std::is_convertible<A, E>::value &&
-        !std::is_constructible<T, A>::value
-        >::type>
-    explicit constexpr result( A&& a )
-        noexcept( std::is_nothrow_constructible<E, A>::value )
-        : v_( in_place_error, std::forward<A>(a) )
-    {
-    }
-
     // implicit, value
-    template<class A, class En2 = void, class En3 = void, class En = typename std::enable_if<
+    template<class A = T, typename std::enable_if<
         std::is_convertible<A, T>::value &&
-        !std::is_constructible<E, A>::value
-        >::type>
+        !(detail::is_errc_t<A>::value && std::is_arithmetic<T>::value) &&
+        !std::is_constructible<E, A>::value, int>::type = 0>
     constexpr result( A&& a )
         noexcept( std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, A>::value )
         : v_( in_place_value, std::forward<A>(a) )
@@ -98,35 +83,33 @@ public:
     }
 
     // implicit, error
-    template<class A, class En2 = void, class En3 = void, class En4 = void, class En = typename std::enable_if<
+    template<class A = E, class = void, typename std::enable_if<
         std::is_convertible<A, E>::value &&
-        !std::is_constructible<T, A>::value
-        >::type>
+        !std::is_constructible<T, A>::value, int>::type = 0>
     constexpr result( A&& a )
         noexcept( std::is_nothrow_constructible<E, A>::value )
         : v_( in_place_error, std::forward<A>(a) )
     {
     }
 
-    // more than one arg, value
+    // explicit, value
     template<class... A, class En = typename std::enable_if<
         std::is_constructible<T, A...>::value &&
-        !std::is_constructible<E, A...>::value &&
-        sizeof...(A) >= 2
+        !(detail::is_errc_t<A...>::value && std::is_arithmetic<T>::value) &&
+        !std::is_constructible<E, A...>::value
         >::type>
-    constexpr result( A&&... a )
+    explicit constexpr result( A&&... a )
         noexcept( std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, A...>::value )
         : v_( in_place_value, std::forward<A>(a)... )
     {
     }
 
-    // more than one arg, error
+    // explicit, error
     template<class... A, class En2 = void, class En = typename std::enable_if<
         !std::is_constructible<T, A...>::value &&
-        std::is_constructible<E, A...>::value &&
-        sizeof...(A) >= 2
+        std::is_constructible<E, A...>::value
         >::type>
-    constexpr result( A&&... a )
+    explicit constexpr result( A&&... a )
         noexcept( std::is_nothrow_constructible<E, A...>::value )
         : v_( in_place_error, std::forward<A>(a)... )
     {
@@ -210,12 +193,31 @@ public:
         }
     }
 
-    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR T&& value() &&
+    template<class U = T>
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
+        typename std::enable_if<std::is_move_constructible<U>::value, T>::type
+        value() &&
     {
         return std::move( value() );
     }
 
-    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR T const&& value() const&&
+    template<class U = T>
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
+        typename std::enable_if<!std::is_move_constructible<U>::value, T&&>::type
+        value() &&
+    {
+        return std::move( value() );
+    }
+
+    template<class U = T>
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
+        typename std::enable_if<std::is_move_constructible<U>::value, T>::type
+        value() const && = delete;
+
+    template<class U = T>
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
+        typename std::enable_if<!std::is_move_constructible<U>::value, T const&&>::type
+        value() const &&
     {
         return std::move( value() );
     }
@@ -274,12 +276,31 @@ public:
         return *p;
     }
 
-    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR T&& operator*() && noexcept
+    template<class U = T>
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
+        typename std::enable_if<std::is_move_constructible<U>::value, T>::type
+        operator*() && noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<T>::value)
     {
         return std::move(**this);
     }
 
-    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR T const&& operator*() const && noexcept
+    template<class U = T>
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
+        typename std::enable_if<!std::is_move_constructible<U>::value, T&&>::type
+        operator*() && noexcept
+    {
+        return std::move(**this);
+    }
+
+    template<class U = T>
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
+        typename std::enable_if<std::is_move_constructible<U>::value, T>::type
+        operator*() const && noexcept = delete;
+
+    template<class U = T>
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR
+        typename std::enable_if<!std::is_move_constructible<U>::value, T const&&>::type
+        operator*() const && noexcept
     {
         return std::move(**this);
     }

include/boost/system/system_error.hpp

@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@
 // Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 // https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
 
+#include <boost/system/errc.hpp>
 #include <boost/system/detail/error_code.hpp>
-#include <boost/system/detail/error_category_impl.hpp>
-#include <boost/system/detail/snprintf.hpp>
 #include <string>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <cassert>
@@ -26,14 +25,6 @@ private:
 
 private:
 
-    static std::string to_string( int v )
-    {
-        char buffer[ 32 ];
-        detail::snprintf( buffer, sizeof( buffer ), "%d", v );
-
-        return buffer;
-    }
-
     static std::string build_message( char const * prefix, error_code const & ec )
     {
         std::string r;
@@ -44,32 +35,7 @@ private:
             r += ": ";
         }
 
-        r += ec.message();
-
-        if( ec.has_location() )
-        {
-            r += " [";
-            r += ec.to_string();
-            r += " at ";
-
-            boost::source_location loc = ec.location();
-
-            r += loc.file_name();
-
-            r += ':';
-            r += to_string( loc.line() );
-
-            if( loc.column() != 0 )
-            {
-                r += ':';
-                r += to_string( loc.column() );
-            }
-
-            r += " in function '";
-            r += loc.function_name();
-            r += "\']";
-        }
-
+        r += ec.what();
         return r;
     }
 

meta/libraries.json

@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@
     "authors": [
         "Beman Dawes"
     ],
-    "description": "Operating system support, including the diagnostics support that will be part of the C++0x standard library.",
+    "maintainers": [
+        "Peter Dimov <pdimov -at- gmail.com>"
+    ],
+    "description": "Extensible error reporting.",
     "category": [
-        "System"
+        "System",
+        "Error-handling",
+        "Programming"
     ],
     "cxxstd": "03"
 }

test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -98,3 +98,35 @@ boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES std_interop_test6.cpp)
 boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES std_interop_test7.cpp)
 boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES std_interop_test8.cpp)
 boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES std_interop_test9.cpp)
+
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES ec_location_test.cpp)
+
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES error_condition_test3.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES error_code_test2.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES system_error_test2.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES std_interop_test10.cpp)
+
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES ec_location_test2.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES ec_what_test.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES system_error_test3.cpp)
+
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES std_interop_test11.cpp)
+
+# result
+
+set(BOOST_TEST_COMPILE_FEATURES cxx_std_11)
+
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_default_construct.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_value_construct.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_error_construct.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_copy_construct.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_move_construct.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_copy_assign.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_move_assign.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_value_access.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_error_access.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_swap.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_eq.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_range_for.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_value_construct2.cpp)
+boost_test(TYPE run SOURCES result_error_construct2.cpp)

test/Jamfile.v2

@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ system-run failed_constexpr_test.cpp ;
 # Quick (CI) test
 run quick.cpp ;
 
-compile warnings_test.cpp
-  : <warnings>pedantic
+run warnings_test.cpp
+  : : : <warnings>pedantic
     <toolset>msvc:<warnings-as-errors>on
     <toolset>gcc:<warnings-as-errors>on
     <toolset>clang:<warnings-as-errors>on ;
@@ -123,6 +123,17 @@ run std_interop_test9.cpp ;
 
 run ec_location_test.cpp ;
 
+run error_condition_test3.cpp ;
+run error_code_test2.cpp ;
+run system_error_test2.cpp ;
+run std_interop_test10.cpp ;
+
+run ec_location_test2.cpp ;
+run ec_what_test.cpp ;
+run system_error_test3.cpp ;
+
+run std_interop_test11.cpp ;
+
 # result
 
 import ../../config/checks/config : requires ;
@@ -140,3 +151,7 @@ run result_value_access.cpp : : : $(CPP11) ;
 run result_error_access.cpp : : : $(CPP11) ;
 run result_swap.cpp : : : $(CPP11) <toolset>gcc-10:<cxxflags>"-Wno-maybe-uninitialized" ;
 run result_eq.cpp : : : $(CPP11) ;
+run result_range_for.cpp : : : $(CPP11) ;
+run result_value_construct2.cpp : : : $(CPP11) ;
+run result_error_construct2.cpp : : : $(CPP11) ;
+run result_errc_construct.cpp : : : $(CPP11) ;

test/cmake_install_test/main.cpp

@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ int main()
     boost::system::system_error x( bc, "prefix" );
 
     BOOST_TEST_EQ( x.code(), bc );
-    BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x.what() ), "prefix: " + bc.message() );
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x.what() ), "prefix: " + bc.what() );
 }

test/cmake_subdir_test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# Copyright 2018, 2019 Peter Dimov
+# Copyright 2018-2021 Peter Dimov
 # Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
 # See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.16)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5...3.20)
 
 project(cmake_subdir_test LANGUAGES CXX)
 
@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@ add_subdirectory(../.. boostorg/system)
 add_subdirectory(../../../assert boostorg/assert)
 add_subdirectory(../../../config boostorg/config)
 add_subdirectory(../../../core boostorg/core)
+add_subdirectory(../../../mp11 boostorg/mp11)
 add_subdirectory(../../../predef boostorg/predef)
+add_subdirectory(../../../static_assert boostorg/static_assert)
+add_subdirectory(../../../throw_exception boostorg/throw_exception)
+add_subdirectory(../../../variant2 boostorg/variant2)
 add_subdirectory(../../../winapi boostorg/winapi)
 
 add_executable(quick ../quick.cpp)
@@ -19,4 +23,4 @@ target_link_libraries(quick Boost::system Boost::core)
 enable_testing()
 add_test(quick quick)
 
-add_custom_target(check COMMAND ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --output-on-failure -C $<CONFIG>)
+add_custom_target(check COMMAND ${CMAKE_CTEST_COMMAND} --output-on-failure --no-tests=error -C $<CONFIG>)

test/ec_location_test2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,287 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <cerrno>
+
+namespace sys = boost::system;
+
+enum E
+{
+    none = 0,
+    einval = EINVAL
+};
+
+namespace boost
+{
+namespace system
+{
+
+template<> struct is_error_code_enum< ::E >
+{
+    static const bool value = true;
+};
+
+} // namespace system
+} // namespace boost
+
+sys::error_code make_error_code( E e )
+{
+    return e == 0? sys::error_code(): sys::error_code( e, sys::generic_category() );
+}
+
+#if defined(BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR)
+
+enum E2
+{
+    e2inval = EINVAL
+};
+
+namespace boost
+{
+namespace system
+{
+
+template<> struct is_error_code_enum< ::E2 >
+{
+    static const bool value = true;
+};
+
+} // namespace system
+} // namespace boost
+
+std::error_code make_error_code( E2 e )
+{
+    return std::error_code( e, std::generic_category() );
+}
+
+#endif
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec( einval );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), EINVAL );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        sys::error_code ec( einval, &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), EINVAL );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 77 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec( none );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        sys::error_code ec( none, &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec;
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        ec = sys::error_code( einval, &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), EINVAL );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 127 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec;
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        ec = sys::error_code( none, &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec;
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        ec.assign( einval, &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), EINVAL );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 175 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec;
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        ec.assign( none, &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+    }
+
+#if defined(BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR)
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec( e2inval );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec, std::error_code( EINVAL, std::generic_category() ) );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        sys::error_code ec( e2inval, &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec, std::error_code( EINVAL, std::generic_category() ) );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec;
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        ec = sys::error_code( e2inval, &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec, std::error_code( EINVAL, std::generic_category() ) );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec;
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.category(), &sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        ec.assign( e2inval, &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec, std::error_code( EINVAL, std::generic_category() ) );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.failed() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec.has_location() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.location().line(), 0 );
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/ec_what_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Copyright 2020, 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/generic_category.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/system_category.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+
+namespace sys = boost::system;
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec;
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.category() == sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.what(), ec.message() + " [system:0]" );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec( 5, sys::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 5 );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.category() == sys::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.what(), ec.message() + " [generic:5]" );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec( 5, sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 5 );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.category() == sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.what(), ec.message() + " [system:5]" );
+    }
+
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        sys::error_code ec( 5, sys::generic_category(), &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 5 );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.category() == sys::generic_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.location(), &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.what(), ec.message() + " [generic:5 at " + loc.to_string() + "]" );
+    }
+
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        sys::error_code ec( 5, sys::system_category(), &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 5 );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec.category() == sys::system_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( &ec.location(), &loc );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.what(), ec.message() + " [system:5 at " + loc.to_string() + "]" );
+    }
+
+#if defined(BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR)
+
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        sys::error_code ec2( ec );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.what(), ec2.message() + " [std:system:0]" );
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::error_code ec( 5, std::generic_category() );
+        sys::error_code ec2( ec );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.what(), ec2.message() + " [std:generic:5]" );
+    }
+
+    {
+        std::error_code ec( 5, std::system_category() );
+        sys::error_code ec2( ec );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.what(), ec2.message() + " [std:system:5]" );
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/error_code_test2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright 2020, 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/generic_category.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/system_category.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+
+namespace sys = boost::system;
+
+int main()
+{
+    char buffer[ 1024 ];
+
+    sys::error_code ec;
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.value(), 0 );
+    BOOST_TEST( ec.category() == sys::system_category() );
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.message(), ec.category().message( ec.value() ) );
+    BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( ec.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), ec.category().message( ec.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+    BOOST_TEST( !ec.failed() );
+    BOOST_TEST( !ec );
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec.to_string(), std::string( "system:0" ) );
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec2( ec );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec2.category() == sys::system_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.message(), ec2.category().message( ec2.value() ) );
+        BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( ec2.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), ec2.category().message( ec2.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec2.failed() );
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec, ec2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( ec != ec2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.to_string(), std::string( "system:0" ) );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec2( ec.value(), ec.category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec2.category() == sys::system_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.message(), ec2.category().message( ec2.value() ) );
+        BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( ec2.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), ec2.category().message( ec2.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec2.failed() );
+        BOOST_TEST( !ec2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec, ec2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( ec != ec2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.to_string(), std::string( "system:0" ) );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec2( 5, sys::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.value(), 5 );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec2.category() == sys::generic_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.message(), ec2.category().message( ec2.value() ) );
+        BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( ec2.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), ec2.category().message( ec2.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec2.failed() );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( !ec2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_NE( ec, ec2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( ec == ec2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.to_string(), std::string( "generic:5" ) );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec2( 5, sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.value(), 5 );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec2.category() == sys::system_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.message(), ec2.category().message( ec2.value() ) );
+        BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( ec2.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), ec2.category().message( ec2.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec2.failed() );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( !ec2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_NE( ec, ec2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( ec == ec2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( ec2.to_string(), std::string( "system:5" ) );
+    }
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/error_condition_test3.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright 2020, 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/error_condition.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/generic_category.hpp>
+#include <boost/system/system_category.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+
+namespace sys = boost::system;
+
+int main()
+{
+    char buffer[ 1024 ];
+
+    sys::error_condition en;
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( en.value(), 0 );
+    BOOST_TEST( en.category() == sys::generic_category() );
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( en.message(), en.category().message( en.value() ) );
+    BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( en.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), en.category().message( en.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+    BOOST_TEST( !en.failed() );
+    BOOST_TEST( !en );
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( en.to_string(), std::string( "cond:generic:0" ) );
+
+    {
+        sys::error_condition en2( en );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST( en2.category() == sys::generic_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.message(), en2.category().message( en2.value() ) );
+        BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( en2.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), en2.category().message( en2.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+        BOOST_TEST( !en2.failed() );
+        BOOST_TEST( !en2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en, en2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( en != en2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.to_string(), std::string( "cond:generic:0" ) );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_condition en2( en.value(), en.category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.value(), 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST( en2.category() == sys::generic_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.message(), en2.category().message( en2.value() ) );
+        BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( en2.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), en2.category().message( en2.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+        BOOST_TEST( !en2.failed() );
+        BOOST_TEST( !en2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en, en2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( en != en2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.to_string(), std::string( "cond:generic:0" ) );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_condition en2( 5, sys::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.value(), 5 );
+        BOOST_TEST( en2.category() == sys::generic_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.message(), en2.category().message( en2.value() ) );
+        BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( en2.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), en2.category().message( en2.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+        BOOST_TEST( en2.failed() );
+        BOOST_TEST( en2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( !en2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_NE( en, en2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( en == en2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.to_string(), std::string( "cond:generic:5" ) );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_condition en2( 5, sys::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.value(), 5 );
+        BOOST_TEST( en2.category() == sys::system_category() );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.message(), en2.category().message( en2.value() ) );
+        BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( en2.message( buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ), en2.category().message( en2.value(), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) ) );
+        BOOST_TEST( en2.failed() );
+        BOOST_TEST( en2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( !en2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_NE( en, en2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( en == en2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( en2.to_string(), std::string( "cond:system:5" ) );
+    }
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/quick.cpp

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ int main()
     boost::system::system_error x( bc, "prefix" );
 
     BOOST_TEST_EQ( x.code(), bc );
-    BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x.what() ), "prefix: " + bc.message() );
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x.what() ), "prefix: " + bc.what() );
 
     return boost::report_errors();
 }

test/result_errc_construct.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/result.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test_trait.hpp>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+using namespace boost::system;
+
+int main()
+{
+    BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_FALSE((std::is_convertible<errc::errc_t, result<int>>));
+    BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_FALSE((std::is_constructible<result<int>, errc::errc_t>));
+
+    BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_FALSE((std::is_convertible<errc::errc_t, result<double>>));
+    BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_FALSE((std::is_constructible<result<double>, errc::errc_t>));
+
+    BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_FALSE((std::is_convertible<errc::errc_t, result<bool>>));
+    BOOST_TEST_TRAIT_FALSE((std::is_constructible<result<bool>, errc::errc_t>));
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/result_error_construct2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/result.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+using namespace boost::system;
+
+struct X
+{
+    int a, b;
+};
+
+result<X> fx1()
+{
+    return {{ EINVAL, generic_category() }};
+}
+
+struct Y
+{
+    std::string v;
+};
+
+struct E
+{
+    int v;
+};
+
+result<Y, E> fy1()
+{
+    return {{ 42 }};
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        result<X> r = fx1();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !r.has_value() );
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_error() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r.error(), std::error_code( EINVAL, generic_category() ) );
+    }
+
+    {
+        result<Y, E> r = fy1();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( !r.has_value() );
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_error() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r.error().v, 42 );
+    }
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/result_range_for.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/result.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+
+using namespace boost::system;
+
+result<std::vector<int>> f()
+{
+    return std::vector<int>{ 1, 2, 3 };
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        int s = 0;
+
+        for( int x: f().value() )
+        {
+            s += x;
+        }
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( s, 6 );
+    }
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/result_value_construct2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/result.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+using namespace boost::system;
+
+struct X
+{
+    int a;
+};
+
+struct Y
+{
+    int a, b;
+};
+
+struct E
+{
+    std::string v;
+};
+
+result<X> fx0()
+{
+    return {};
+}
+
+result<X> fx1()
+{
+    return {{ 1 }};
+}
+
+result<Y> fy0()
+{
+    return {};
+}
+
+result<Y> fy2()
+{
+    return {{ 1, 2 }};
+}
+
+result<X, E> fxe0()
+{
+    return {};
+}
+
+result<X, E> fxe1()
+{
+    return {{ 1 }};
+}
+
+result<std::vector<int>> fv0()
+{
+    return {};
+}
+
+result<std::vector<int>> fv1()
+{
+    return {{ 1 }};
+}
+
+result<std::vector<int>> fv2()
+{
+    return {{ 1, 2 }};
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        result<X> r = fx0();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_value() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->a, 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        result<X> r = fx1();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_value() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->a, 1 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        result<Y> r = fy0();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_value() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->a, 0 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->b, 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        result<Y> r = fy2();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_value() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->a, 1 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->b, 2 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        result<X, E> r = fxe0();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_value() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->a, 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        result<X, E> r = fxe1();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_value() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->a, 1 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        result<std::vector<int>> r = fv0();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_value() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->size(), 0 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        result<std::vector<int>> r = fv1();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_value() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->size(), 1 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->at(0), 1 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        result<std::vector<int>> r = fv2();
+
+        BOOST_TEST( r.has_value() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->size(), 2 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->at(0), 1 );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( r->at(1), 2 );
+    }
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/std_interop_test.cpp

@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ static void test_generic_category()
 
     int ev = ENOENT;
 
-    BOOST_TEST_EQ( bt.message( ev ), st.message( ev ) );
+    // Under MSVC, it's "no such file or directory" instead of "No such file or directory"
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( bt.message( ev ).substr( 1 ), st.message( ev ).substr( 1 ) );
 
     {
         boost::system::error_code bc( ev, bt );
@@ -82,34 +83,13 @@ static void test_system_category()
 
     BOOST_TEST_CSTR_EQ( bt.name(), st.name() );
 
+    for( int ev = 1; ev < 6; ++ev )
     {
-        int ev = 5;
-        BOOST_TEST_EQ( bt.message( ev ), st.message( ev ) );
+        std::string bm = bt.message( ev );
+        std::string sm = st.message( ev );
 
-        {
-            boost::system::error_code bc( ev, bt );
-
-            BOOST_TEST_EQ( bc.value(), ev );
-            BOOST_TEST_EQ( &bc.category(), &bt );
-
-            std::error_code sc( bc );
-
-            BOOST_TEST_EQ( sc.value(), ev );
-            BOOST_TEST_EQ( &sc.category(), &st );
-        }
-
-        {
-            boost::system::error_condition bn = bt.default_error_condition( ev );
-            BOOST_TEST( bt.equivalent( ev, bn ) );
-
-            std::error_condition sn( bn );
-            BOOST_TEST( st.equivalent( ev, sn ) );
-        }
-    }
-
-    {
-        int ev = 4;
-        BOOST_TEST_EQ( bt.message( ev ), st.message( ev ) );
+        // We strip whitespace and the trailing dot, MSVC not so much
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( bm, sm.substr( 0, bm.size() ) );
 
         {
             boost::system::error_code bc( ev, bt );

test/std_interop_test10.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <boost/config/pragma_message.hpp>
+#include <cerrno>
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR)
+
+BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE( "BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR not defined, test will be skipped" )
+int main() {}
+
+#else
+
+#include <system_error>
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        boost::system::error_code e1;
+        boost::system::error_code e2( 0, boost::system::system_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( e1, e2 );
+
+        std::error_code e3( e1 );
+        std::error_code e4( e2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( e3, e4 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        boost::system::error_code e1;
+
+        std::error_code e2( e1 );
+        std::error_code e3( e1.value(), e1.category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, e3 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        boost::system::error_condition e1;
+        boost::system::error_condition e2( 0, boost::system::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( e1, e2 );
+
+        std::error_condition e3( e1 );
+        std::error_condition e4( e2 );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( e3 == e4 );
+    }
+
+    {
+        boost::system::error_condition e1;
+
+        std::error_condition e2( e1 );
+        std::error_condition e3( e1.value(), e1.category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST( e2 == e3 );
+    }
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}
+
+#endif

test/std_interop_test11.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/error_code.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <boost/config/pragma_message.hpp>
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <ios>
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR)
+
+BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE( "Skipping test, BOOST_SYSTEM_HAS_SYSTEM_ERROR not defined" )
+int main() {}
+
+#elif defined(BOOST_LIBSTDCXX_VERSION) && BOOST_LIBSTDCXX_VERSION < 50000
+
+BOOST_PRAGMA_MESSAGE( "Skipping test, BOOST_LIBSTDCXX_VERSION < 50000" )
+int main() {}
+
+#else
+
+#include <system_error>
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        boost::system::error_code ec = std::io_errc::stream;
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec == std::io_errc::stream );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( ec != std::io_errc::stream );
+
+        ec.clear();
+
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( ec == std::io_errc::stream );
+        BOOST_TEST( ec != std::io_errc::stream );
+
+        ec = std::io_errc::stream;
+
+        BOOST_TEST( ec == std::io_errc::stream );
+        BOOST_TEST_NOT( ec != std::io_errc::stream );
+    }
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}
+
+#endif

test/std_interop_test6.cpp

@@ -30,13 +30,20 @@ int main()
         BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, e1 );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != e1 );
 
-        BOOST_TEST( e2 == en );
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+
+        // Under MS STL and libstdc++, std::error_code() does not compare
+        // equal to std::error_condition(). Go figure.
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, en );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != en );
 
         boost::system::error_code e3( e2 );
 
         BOOST_TEST_EQ( e3, en );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e3 != en );
+
+#endif
     }
 
     {
@@ -51,13 +58,17 @@ int main()
         BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, e1 );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != e1 );
 
-        BOOST_TEST( e2 == en );
+#if defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, en );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != en );
 
         boost::system::error_code e3( e2 );
 
         BOOST_TEST_EQ( e3, en );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e3 != en );
+
+#endif
     }
 
     {
@@ -72,7 +83,7 @@ int main()
         BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, e1 );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != e1 );
 
-        BOOST_TEST( e2 == en );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, en );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != en );
 
         boost::system::error_code e3( e2 );
@@ -93,7 +104,7 @@ int main()
         BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, e1 );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != e1 );
 
-        BOOST_TEST( e2 == en );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, en );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != en );
 
         boost::system::error_code e3( e2 );
@@ -114,7 +125,7 @@ int main()
         BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, e1 );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != e1 );
 
-        BOOST_TEST( e2 == en );
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( e2, en );
         BOOST_TEST_NOT( e2 != en );
 
         boost::system::error_code e3( e2 );

test/system_error_test.cpp

@@ -81,27 +81,25 @@ int main( int, char *[] )
   system_error c6_0( 0, system_category(), "c6_0" ); 
   system_error c6_1( 1, system_category(), "c6_1" );
 
-  TEST( c1_0, 0, "The operation completed successfully" );
-  TEST( c1_1, 1, "Incorrect function" );
-  TEST( c1_2u, 2, "The system cannot find the file specified" );
+  TEST( c1_0, 0, "The operation completed successfully [system:0]" );
+  TEST( c1_1, 1, "Incorrect function [system:1]" );
+  TEST( c1_2u, 2, "The system cannot find the file specified [system:2]" );
 
-  TEST( c2_0, 0, "c2_0: The operation completed successfully" );
-  TEST( c2_1, 1, "c2_1: Incorrect function" );
+  TEST( c2_0, 0, "c2_0: The operation completed successfully [system:0]" );
+  TEST( c2_1, 1, "c2_1: Incorrect function [system:1]" );
 
-  TEST( c3_0, 0, "c3_0: The operation completed successfully" );
-  TEST( c3_1, 1, "c3_1: Incorrect function" );
+  TEST( c3_0, 0, "c3_0: The operation completed successfully [system:0]" );
+  TEST( c3_1, 1, "c3_1: Incorrect function [system:1]" );
 
-  TEST( c4_0, 0, "The operation completed successfully" );
-  TEST( c4_1, 1, "Incorrect function" );
-  TEST( c4_2u, 2, "The system cannot find the file specified" );
+  TEST( c4_0, 0, "The operation completed successfully [system:0]" );
+  TEST( c4_1, 1, "Incorrect function [system:1]" );
+  TEST( c4_2u, 2, "The system cannot find the file specified [system:2]" );
 
-  TEST( c5_0, 0, "c5_0: The operation completed successfully" );
-  TEST( c5_1, 1, "c5_1: Incorrect function" );
+  TEST( c5_0, 0, "c5_0: The operation completed successfully [system:0]" );
+  TEST( c5_1, 1, "c5_1: Incorrect function [system:1]" );
 
-  TEST( c6_0, 0, "c6_0: The operation completed successfully" );
-  TEST( c6_1, 1, "c6_1: Incorrect function" );
+  TEST( c6_0, 0, "c6_0: The operation completed successfully [system:0]" );
+  TEST( c6_1, 1, "c6_1: Incorrect function [system:1]" );
 
   return ::boost::report_errors();
 }
-
-

test/system_error_test2.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+// https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/system_error.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <cerrno>
+
+namespace sys = boost::system;
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec( 5, sys::generic_category() );
+        sys::system_error x1( ec );
+        (void)x1;
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec( 5, sys::system_category() );
+        sys::system_error x1( ec );
+        (void)x1;
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::system_error x1( make_error_code( sys::errc::invalid_argument ) );
+        (void)x1;
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::system_error x1( 5, sys::generic_category() );
+        (void)x1;
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::system_error x1( 5, sys::system_category() );
+        (void)x1;
+    }
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/system_error_test3.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Peter Dimov
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+// https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+#include <boost/system/system_error.hpp>
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <cerrno>
+
+namespace sys = boost::system;
+
+int main()
+{
+    {
+        sys::error_code ec( 5, sys::generic_category() );
+        sys::system_error x1( ec );
+
+		BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x1.what() ), ec.what() );
+    }
+
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTEXPR boost::source_location loc = BOOST_CURRENT_LOCATION;
+
+        sys::error_code ec( 5, sys::system_category(), &loc );
+        sys::system_error x1( ec, "prefix" );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x1.what() ), "prefix: " + ec.what() );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::system_error x1( 5, sys::generic_category() );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x1.what() ), sys::error_code( 5, sys::generic_category() ).what() );
+    }
+
+    {
+        sys::system_error x1( 5, sys::system_category(), "prefix" );
+
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x1.what() ), "prefix: " + sys::error_code( 5, sys::system_category() ).what() );
+    }
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}

test/warnings_test.cpp

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ int main()
     boost::system::system_error x( bc, "prefix" );
 
     BOOST_TEST_EQ( x.code(), bc );
-    BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x.what() ), "prefix: " + bc.message() );
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( std::string( x.what() ), "prefix: " + bc.what() );
 
     return boost::report_errors();
 }