Add doc/html/string_view.html

Uses BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR where applicable. Update docs accordingly.
Clear a few existing warnings.
2025-06-26 12:31:37 +02:00 · 2015-07-17 15:27:18 -04:00 · 2015-07-17 15:21:50 -04:00 · 2015-07-16 15:11:25 -04:00 · 2015-07-15 20:41:24 -04:00 · 2015-07-15 16:44:58 -04:00
97 changed files with 20069 additions and 195 deletions
--- a/Assignable.html
+++ b/Assignable.html
@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
+
+  <title>Assignable</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#0000EE" text="#000000" vlink="#551A8B" alink=
+"#FF0000">
+  <img src="../../boost.png" alt="C++ Boost" width="277" height=
+  "86"><br clear="none">
+
+  <h1>Assignable</h1>
+
+  <h3>Description</h3>
+
+  <p>A type is Assignable if it is possible to assign one object of the type
+  to another object of that type.</p>
+
+  <h3>Notation</h3>
+
+  <table summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">is type that is a model of Assignable</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>t</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">is an object of type <tt>T</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>u</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">is an object of type <tt>T</tt> or possibly <tt>const
+      T</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Definitions</h3>
+
+  <h3>Valid expressions</h3>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Name</th>
+
+      <th>Expression</th>
+
+      <th>Return type</th>
+
+      <th>Semantics</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Assignment</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>t = u</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T&amp;</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>t</tt> is equivalent to <tt>u</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Models</h3>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li><tt>int</tt></li>
+
+    <li><tt>std::pair</tt></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <h3>See also</h3>
+
+  <p><a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/DefaultConstructible.html">DefaultConstructible</a>
+  and <a href="./CopyConstructible.html">CopyConstructible</a><br></p>
+  <hr>
+
+  <p><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img border="0" src=
+  "../../doc/images/valid-html401.png" alt="Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional"
+  height="31" width="88"></a></p>
+
+  <p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->05 December, 2006<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="38516" --></p>
+
+  <table summary="">
+    <tr valign="top">
+      <td nowrap><i>Copyright &copy; 2000</i></td>
+
+      <td><i><a href="http://www.lsc.nd.edu/~jsiek">Jeremy Siek</a>, Univ.of
+      Notre Dame (<a href=
+      "mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</a>)</i></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <p><i>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+  accompanying file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or
+  copy at <a href=
+  "http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</i></p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/Collection.html
+++ b/Collection.html
@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
+
+  <title>Collection</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#0000EE" text="#000000" vlink="#551A8B" alink=
+"#FF0000">
+  <h1><img src="../../boost.png" alt="boost logo" width="277" align="middle"
+  height="86"><br>
+  Collection</h1>
+
+  <h3>Description</h3>
+
+  <p>A Collection is a <i>concept</i> similar to the STL <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html">Container</a> concept. A
+  Collection provides iterators for accessing a range of elements and
+  provides information about the number of elements in the Collection.
+  However, a Collection has fewer requirements than a Container. The
+  motivation for the Collection concept is that there are many useful
+  Container-like types that do not meet the full requirements of Container,
+  and many algorithms that can be written with this reduced set of
+  requirements. To summarize the reduction in requirements:</p>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li>It is not required to "own" its elements: the lifetime of an element
+    in a Collection does not have to match the lifetime of the Collection
+    object, though the lifetime of the element should cover the lifetime of
+    the Collection object.</li>
+
+    <li>The semantics of copying a Collection object is not defined (it could
+    be a deep or shallow copy or not even support copying).</li>
+
+    <li>The associated reference type of a Collection does not have to be a
+    real C++ reference.</li>
+  </ul>Because of the reduced requirements, some care must be taken when
+  writing code that is meant to be generic for all Collection types. In
+  particular, a Collection object should be passed by-reference since
+  assumptions can not be made about the behaviour of the copy constructor.
+
+  <h3>Associated types</h3>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Value type</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X::value_type</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">The type of the object stored in a Collection. If the
+      Collection is <i>mutable</i> then the value type must be <a href=
+      "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Assignable.html">Assignable</a>. Otherwise
+      the value type must be <a href=
+      "./CopyConstructible.html">CopyConstructible</a>.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Iterator type</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X::iterator</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">The type of iterator used to iterate through a
+      Collection's elements. The iterator's value type is expected to be the
+      Collection's value type. A conversion from the iterator type to the
+      const iterator type must exist. The iterator type must be an <a href=
+      "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">InputIterator</a>.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Const iterator type</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X::const_iterator</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">A type of iterator that may be used to examine, but
+      not to modify, a Collection's elements.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Reference type</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X::reference</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">A type that behaves like a reference to the
+      Collection's value type. <a href="#n1">[1]</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Const reference type</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X::const_reference</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">A type that behaves like a const reference to the
+      Collection's value type.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Pointer type</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X::pointer</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">A type that behaves as a pointer to the Collection's
+      value type.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Distance type</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X::difference_type</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">A signed integral type used to represent the distance
+      between two of the Collection's iterators. This type must be the same
+      as the iterator's distance type.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Size type</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X::size_type</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">An unsigned integral type that can represent any
+      nonnegative value of the Collection's distance type.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Notation</h3>
+
+  <table summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">A type that is a model of Collection.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a</tt>, <tt>b</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Object of type <tt>X</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">The value type of <tt>X</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Valid expressions</h3>
+
+  <p>The following expressions must be valid.</p>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Name</th>
+
+      <th>Expression</th>
+
+      <th>Return type</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Beginning of range</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.begin()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>iterator</tt> if <tt>a</tt> is mutable,
+      <tt>const_iterator</tt> otherwise</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">End of range</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.end()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>iterator</tt> if <tt>a</tt> is mutable,
+      <tt>const_iterator</tt> otherwise</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Size</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.size()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>size_type</tt></td>
+    </tr><!--
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Maximum size
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>a.max_size()</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>size_type</tt>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+-->
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Empty Collection</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.empty()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Convertible to <tt>bool</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Swap</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.swap(b)</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>void</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Expression semantics</h3>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Name</th>
+
+      <th>Expression</th>
+
+      <th>Semantics</th>
+
+      <th>Postcondition</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Beginning of range</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.begin()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Returns an iterator pointing to the first element in
+      the Collection.</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.begin()</tt> is either dereferenceable or
+      past-the-end. It is past-the-end if and only if <tt>a.size() ==
+      0</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">End of range</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.end()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Returns an iterator pointing one past the last element
+      in the Collection.</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.end()</tt> is past-the-end.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Size</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.size()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Returns the size of the Collection, that is, its
+      number of elements.</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.size() &gt;= 0</tt></td>
+    </tr><!--
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Maximum size
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>a.max_size()</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+&nbsp;
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Returns the largest size that this Collection can ever have. <A href="#8">[8]</A>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>a.max_size() &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; a.max_size() &gt;= a.size()</tt>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+ -->
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Empty Collection</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.empty()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Equivalent to <tt>a.size() == 0</tt>. (But possibly
+      faster.)</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Swap</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.swap(b)</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Equivalent to <tt>swap(a,b)</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Complexity guarantees</h3>
+
+  <p><tt>begin()</tt> and <tt>end()</tt> are amortized constant time.</p>
+
+  <p><tt>size()</tt> is at most linear in the Collection's size.
+  <tt>empty()</tt> is amortized constant time.</p>
+
+  <p><tt>swap()</tt> is at most linear in the size of the two
+  collections.</p>
+
+  <h3>Invariants</h3>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Valid range</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">For any Collection <tt>a</tt>, <tt>[a.begin(),
+      a.end())</tt> is a valid range.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Range size</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.size()</tt> is equal to the distance from
+      <tt>a.begin()</tt> to <tt>a.end()</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Completeness</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">An algorithm that iterates through the range
+      <tt>[a.begin(), a.end())</tt> will pass through every element of
+      <tt>a</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Models</h3>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li><tt>array</tt></li>
+
+    <li><tt>array_ptr</tt></li>
+
+    <li><tt>vector&lt;bool&gt;</tt></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <h3>Collection Refinements</h3>
+
+  <p>There are quite a few concepts that refine the Collection concept,
+  similar to the concepts that refine the Container concept. Here is a brief
+  overview of the refining concepts.</p>
+
+  <h4>ForwardCollection</h4>
+
+  <p>The elements are arranged in some order that does not change
+  spontaneously from one iteration to the next. As a result, a
+  ForwardCollection is <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/EqualityComparable.html">EqualityComparable</a>
+  and <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/LessThanComparable.html">LessThanComparable</a>.
+  In addition, the iterator type of a ForwardCollection is a
+  MultiPassInputIterator which is just an InputIterator with the added
+  requirements that the iterator can be used to make multiple passes through
+  a range, and that if <tt>it1 == it2</tt> and <tt>it1</tt> is
+  dereferenceable then <tt>++it1 == ++it2</tt>. The ForwardCollection also
+  has a <tt>front()</tt> method.</p>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Name</th>
+
+      <th>Expression</th>
+
+      <th>Return type</th>
+
+      <th>Semantics</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Front</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.front()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>reference</tt> if <tt>a</tt> is mutable,<br>
+      <tt>const_reference</tt> otherwise.</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Equivalent to <tt>*(a.begin())</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h4>ReversibleCollection</h4>
+
+  <p>The container provides access to iterators that traverse in both
+  directions (forward and reverse). The iterator type must meet all of the
+  requirements of <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/BidirectionalIterator.html">BidirectionalIterator</a>
+  except that the reference type does not have to be a real C++ reference.
+  The ReversibleCollection adds the following requirements to those of
+  ForwardCollection.</p>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Name</th>
+
+      <th>Expression</th>
+
+      <th>Return type</th>
+
+      <th>Semantics</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Beginning of range</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.rbegin()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>reverse_iterator</tt> if <tt>a</tt> is mutable,
+      <tt>const_reverse_iterator</tt> otherwise.</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Equivalent to
+      <tt>X::reverse_iterator(a.end())</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">End of range</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.rend()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>reverse_iterator</tt> if <tt>a</tt> is mutable,
+      <tt>const_reverse_iterator</tt> otherwise.</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Equivalent to
+      <tt>X::reverse_iterator(a.begin())</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Back</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a.back()</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>reference</tt> if <tt>a</tt> is mutable,<br>
+      <tt>const_reference</tt> otherwise.</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Equivalent to <tt>*(--a.end())</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h4>SequentialCollection</h4>
+
+  <p>The elements are arranged in a strict linear order. No extra methods are
+  required.</p>
+
+  <h4>RandomAccessCollection</h4>
+
+  <p>The iterators of a RandomAccessCollection satisfy all of the
+  requirements of <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">RandomAccessIterator</a>
+  except that the reference type does not have to be a real C++ reference. In
+  addition, a RandomAccessCollection provides an element access operator.</p>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Name</th>
+
+      <th>Expression</th>
+
+      <th>Return type</th>
+
+      <th>Semantics</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Element Access</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>a[n]</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>reference</tt> if <tt>a</tt> is mutable,
+      <tt>const_reference</tt> otherwise.</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Returns the nth element of the Collection. <tt>n</tt>
+      must be convertible to <tt>size_type</tt>. Precondition: <tt>0 &lt;= n
+      &lt; a.size()</tt>.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Notes</h3>
+
+  <p><a name="n1" id="n1">[1]</a> The reference type does not have to be a
+  real C++ reference. The requirements of the reference type depend on the
+  context within which the Collection is being used. Specifically it depends
+  on the requirements the context places on the value type of the Collection.
+  The reference type of the Collection must meet the same requirements as the
+  value type. In addition, the reference objects must be equivalent to the
+  value type objects in the collection (which is trivially true if they are
+  the same object). Also, in a mutable Collection, an assignment to the
+  reference object must result in an assignment to the object in the
+  Collection (again, which is trivially true if they are the same object, but
+  non-trivial if the reference type is a proxy class).</p>
+
+  <h3>See also</h3>
+
+  <p><a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html">Container</a><br></p>
+  <hr>
+
+  <p><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img border="0" src=
+  "../../doc/images/valid-html401.png" alt="Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional"
+  height="31" width="88"></a></p>
+
+  <p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->05
+  December, 2006<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="38516" --></p>
+
+  <table summary="">
+    <tr valign="top">
+      <td nowrap><i>Copyright &copy; 2000</i></td>
+
+      <td><i><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/jeremy_siek.htm">Jeremy
+      Siek</a>, Univ.of Notre Dame and C++ Library &amp; Compiler Group/SGI
+      (<a href="mailto:jsiek@engr.sgi.com">jsiek@engr.sgi.com</a>)</i></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <p><i>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+  accompanying file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or
+  copy at <a href=
+  "http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</i></p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/CopyConstructible.html
+++ b/CopyConstructible.html
@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
+
+  <title>Copy Constructible</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#0000EE" text="#000000" vlink="#551A8B" alink=
+"#FF0000">
+  <img src="../../boost.png" alt="C++ Boost" width="277" height=
+  "86"><br clear="none">
+
+  <h1>Copy Constructible</h1>
+
+  <h3>Description</h3>
+
+  <p>A type is Copy Constructible if it is possible to copy objects of that
+  type.</p>
+
+  <h3>Notation</h3>
+
+  <table summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">is type that is a model of Copy Constructible</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>t</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">is an object of type <tt>T</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>u</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">is an object of type <tt>const T</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Definitions</h3>
+
+  <h3>Valid expressions</h3>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Name</th>
+
+      <th>Expression</th>
+
+      <th>Return type</th>
+
+      <th>Semantics</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Copy constructor</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T(t)</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>t</tt> is equivalent to <tt>T(t)</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Copy constructor</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">
+        <pre>
+T(u)
+</pre>
+      </td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>u</tt> is equivalent to <tt>T(u)</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Destructor</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">
+        <pre>
+t.~T()
+</pre>
+      </td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Address Operator</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">
+        <pre>
+&amp;t
+</pre>
+      </td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T*</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">denotes the address of <tt>t</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Address Operator</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">
+        <pre>
+&amp;u
+</pre>
+      </td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>T*</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">denotes the address of <tt>u</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Models</h3>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li><tt>int</tt></li>
+
+    <li><tt>std::pair</tt></li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <h3>Concept Checking Class</h3>
+  <pre>
+  template &lt;class T&gt;
+  struct CopyConstructibleConcept
+  {
+    void constraints() {
+      T a(b);            // require copy constructor
+      T* ptr = &amp;a;       // require address of operator
+      const_constraints(a);
+      ignore_unused_variable_warning(ptr);
+    }
+    void const_constraints(const T&amp; a) {
+      T c(a);            // require const copy constructor
+      const T* ptr = &amp;a; // require const address of operator
+      ignore_unused_variable_warning(c);
+      ignore_unused_variable_warning(ptr);
+    }
+    T b;
+  };
+</pre>
+
+  <h3>See also</h3>
+
+  <p><a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/DefaultConstructible.html">Default
+  Constructible</a> and <a href="./Assignable.html">Assignable</a><br></p>
+  <hr>
+
+  <p><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img border="0" src=
+  "../../doc/images/valid-html401.png" alt="Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional"
+  height="31" width="88"></a></p>
+
+  <p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->05
+  December, 2006<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="38516" --></p>
+
+  <table summary="">
+    <tr valign="top">
+      <td nowrap><i>Copyright &copy; 2000</i></td>
+
+      <td><i><a href="http://www.lsc.nd.edu/~jsiek">Jeremy Siek</a>, Univ.of
+      Notre Dame (<a href=
+      "mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</a>)</i></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <p><i>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+  accompanying file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or
+  copy at <a href=
+  "http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</i></p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/LessThanComparable.html
+++ b/LessThanComparable.html
@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+<html>
+<!--
+  == Copyright (c) 1996-1999
+  == Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
+  ==
+  == Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+  == and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+  == provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
+  == that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+  == in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
+  == representations about the suitability of this software for any
+  == purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+  ==
+  == Copyright (c) 1994
+  == Hewlett-Packard Company
+  ==
+  == Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+  == and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+  == provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
+  == that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+  == in supporting documentation.  Hewlett-Packard Company makes no
+  == representations about the suitability of this software for any
+  == purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+  ==
+  -->
+
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
+
+  <title>LessThanComparable</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#0000EE" text="#000000" vlink="#551A8B" alink=
+"#FF0000">
+  <img src="../../boost.png" alt="C++ Boost" width="277" height=
+  "86"><br clear="none">
+
+  <h1>LessThanComparable</h1>
+
+  <h3>Description</h3>
+
+  <p>A type is LessThanComparable if it is ordered: it must be possible to
+  compare two objects of that type using <tt>operator&lt;</tt>, and
+  <tt>operator&lt;</tt> must be a strict weak ordering relation.</p>
+
+  <h3>Refinement of</h3>
+
+  <h3>Associated types</h3>
+
+  <h3>Notation</h3>
+
+  <table summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>X</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">A type that is a model of LessThanComparable</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><tt>x</tt>, <tt>y</tt>, <tt>z</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Object of type <tt>X</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Definitions</h3>
+
+  <p>Consider the relation <tt>!(x &lt; y) &amp;&amp; !(y &lt; x)</tt>. If
+  this relation is transitive (that is, if <tt>!(x &lt; y) &amp;&amp; !(y
+  &lt; x) &amp;&amp; !(y &lt; z) &amp;&amp; !(z &lt; y)</tt> implies <tt>!(x
+  &lt; z) &amp;&amp; !(z &lt; x)</tt>), then it satisfies the mathematical
+  definition of an equivalence relation. In this case, <tt>operator&lt;</tt>
+  is a <i>strict weak ordering</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>If <tt>operator&lt;</tt> is a strict weak ordering, and if each
+  equivalence class has only a single element, then <tt>operator&lt;</tt> is
+  a <i>total ordering</i>.</p>
+
+  <h3>Valid expressions</h3>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Name</th>
+
+      <th>Expression</th>
+
+      <th>Type requirements</th>
+
+      <th>Return type</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Less</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>x &lt; y</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>
+
+      <td valign="top">Convertible to <tt>bool</tt></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Expression semantics</h3>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Name</th>
+
+      <th>Expression</th>
+
+      <th>Precondition</th>
+
+      <th>Semantics</th>
+
+      <th>Postcondition</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Less</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>x &lt; y</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>x</tt> and <tt>y</tt> are in the domain of
+      <tt>&lt;</tt></td>
+
+      <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Complexity guarantees</h3>
+
+  <h3>Invariants</h3>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Irreflexivity</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>x &lt; x</tt> must be false.</td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Antisymmetry</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>x &lt; y</tt> implies !(y &lt; x) <a href=
+      "#n2">[2]</a></td>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top">Transitivity</td>
+
+      <td valign="top"><tt>x &lt; y</tt> and <tt>y &lt; z</tt> implies <tt>x
+      &lt; z</tt> <a href="#n3">[3]</a></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Models</h3>
+
+  <ul>
+    <li>int</li>
+  </ul>
+
+  <h3>Notes</h3>
+
+  <p><a name="n1" id="n1">[1]</a> Only <tt>operator&lt;</tt> is fundamental;
+  the other inequality operators are essentially syntactic sugar.</p>
+
+  <p><a name="n2" id="n2">[2]</a> Antisymmetry is a theorem, not an axiom: it
+  follows from irreflexivity and transitivity.</p>
+
+  <p><a name="n3" id="n3">[3]</a> Because of irreflexivity and transitivity,
+  <tt>operator&lt;</tt> always satisfies the definition of a <i>partial
+  ordering</i>. The definition of a <i>strict weak ordering</i> is stricter,
+  and the definition of a <i>total ordering</i> is stricter still.</p>
+
+  <h3>See also</h3>
+
+  <p><a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/EqualityComparable.html">EqualityComparable</a>,
+  <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/StrictWeakOrdering.html">StrictWeakOrdering</a><br>
+  </p>
+  <hr>
+
+  <p><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img border="0" src=
+  "../../doc/images/valid-html401.png" alt="Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional"
+  height="31" width="88"></a></p>
+
+  <p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->05
+  December, 2006<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="38516" --></p>
+
+  <table summary="">
+    <tr valign="top">
+      <td nowrap><i>Copyright &copy; 2000</i></td>
+
+      <td><i><a href="http://www.lsc.nd.edu/~jsiek">Jeremy Siek</a>, Univ.of
+      Notre Dame (<a href=
+      "mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</a>)</i></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <p><i>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+  accompanying file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or
+  copy at <a href=
+  "http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</i></p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/MultiPassInputIterator.html
+++ b/MultiPassInputIterator.html
@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
+
+  <title>MultiPassInputIterator</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" link="#0000EE" text="#000000" vlink="#551A8B" alink=
+"#FF0000">
+  <img src="../../boost.png" alt="C++ Boost" width="277" height=
+  "86"><br clear="none">
+
+  <h2><a name="concept:MultiPassInputIterator" id=
+  "concept:MultiPassInputIterator"></a> Multi-Pass Input Iterator</h2>
+
+  <p>This concept is a refinement of <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">Input Iterator</a>, adding
+  the requirements that the iterator can be used to make multiple passes
+  through a range, and that if <tt>it1 == it2</tt> and <tt>it1</tt> is
+  dereferenceable then <tt>++it1 == ++it2</tt>. The Multi-Pass Input Iterator
+  is very similar to the <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ForwardIterator.html">Forward Iterator</a>.
+  The only difference is that a <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ForwardIterator.html">Forward Iterator</a>
+  requires the <tt>reference</tt> type to be <tt>value_type&amp;</tt>,
+  whereas MultiPassInputIterator is like <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">Input Iterator</a> in that
+  the <tt>reference</tt> type merely has to be convertible to
+  <tt>value_type</tt>.</p>
+
+  <h3>Design Notes</h3>
+
+  <p>comments by Valentin Bonnard:</p>
+
+  <p>I think that introducing Multi-Pass Input Iterator isn't the right
+  solution. Do you also want to define Multi-Pass Bidirectionnal Iterator and
+  Multi-Pass Random Access Iterator ? I don't, definitly. It only confuses
+  the issue. The problem lies into the existing hierarchy of iterators, which
+  mixes movabillity, modifiabillity and lvalue-ness, and these are clearly
+  independant.</p>
+
+  <p>The terms Forward, Bidirectionnal and Random Access are about
+  movabillity and shouldn't be used to mean anything else. In a completly
+  orthogonal way, iterators can be immutable, mutable, or neither. Lvalueness
+  of iterators is also orthogonal with immutabillity. With these clean
+  concepts, your Multi-Pass Input Iterator is just called a Forward
+  Iterator.</p>
+
+  <p>Other translations are:<br>
+  std::Forward Iterator -&gt; ForwardIterator &amp; Lvalue Iterator<br>
+  std::Bidirectionnal Iterator -&gt; Bidirectionnal Iterator &amp; Lvalue
+  Iterator<br>
+  std::Random Access Iterator -&gt; Random Access Iterator &amp; Lvalue
+  Iterator<br></p>
+
+  <p>Note that in practice the only operation not allowed on my Forward
+  Iterator which is allowed on std::Forward Iterator is <tt>&amp;*it</tt>. I
+  think that <tt>&amp;*</tt> is rarely needed in generic code.</p>
+
+  <p>reply by Jeremy Siek:</p>
+
+  <p>The above analysis by Valentin is right on. Of course, there is the
+  problem with backward compatibility. The current STL implementations are
+  based on the old definition of Forward Iterator. The right course of action
+  is to get Forward Iterator, etc. changed in the C++ standard. Once that is
+  done we can drop Multi-Pass Input Iterator.<br></p>
+  <hr>
+
+  <p><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img border="0" src=
+  "../../doc/images/valid-html401.png" alt="Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional"
+  height="31" width="88"></a></p>
+
+  <p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->05
+  December, 2006<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="38516" --></p>
+
+  <table summary="">
+    <tr valign="top">
+      <td nowrap><i>Copyright &copy; 2000</i></td>
+
+      <td><i><a href="http://www.lsc.nd.edu/~jsiek">Jeremy Siek</a>, Univ.of
+      Notre Dame (<a href=
+      "mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</a>)</i></td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <p><i>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+  accompanying file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or
+  copy at <a href=
+  "http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</i></p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/OptionalPointee.html
+++ b/OptionalPointee.html
@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+<HTML>
+<Head>
+<Title>OptionalPointee Concept</Title>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" LINK="#0000ee" TEXT="#000000" VLINK="#551a8b" 
+        ALINK="#ff0000"> 
+<IMG SRC="../../boost.png" 
+     ALT="C++ Boost" width="277" height="86"> 
+<!--end header-->
+<BR Clear>
+<H1>Concept: OptionalPointee</H1>
+
+<h3>Description</h3>
+A type is a model of <i>OptionalPointee</i> if it points to (or refers to) a value 
+that may not exist. That is, if it has a <b>pointee</b> which might be <b>valid</b>
+(existent) or <b>invalid</b> (inexistent); and it is possible to test whether the 
+pointee is valid or not.
+This model does <u>not</u> imply pointer semantics: i.e., it does not imply shallow copy nor
+aliasing.
+<h3>Notation</h3>
+<Table>
+  <TR>
+    <TD VAlign=top> <tt>T</tt> </TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top> is a type that is a model of OptionalPointee</TD>
+  </TR>
+  <TR>
+    <TD VAlign=top> <tt>t</tt> </TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top> is an object of type <tt>T</tt> or possibly <tt>const T</tt></TD>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<h3>Definitions</h3>
+<h3>Valid expressions</h3>
+<Table border>
+  <TR>
+    <TH> Name </TH>
+    <TH> Expression </TH>
+    <TH> Return type </TH>
+    <TH> Semantics </TH>
+  </TR>
+  <TR>
+    <TD VAlign=top>Value Access</TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>&nbsp;<tt>*t</tt></TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>&nbsp;<tt>T&amp;</tt></TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>If the pointee is valid returns a reference to
+      the pointee.<br>
+      If the pointee is invalid the result is <i>undefined</i>.</TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top> </TD>
+  </TR>
+  <TR>
+    <TD VAlign=top>Value Access</TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>&nbsp;<tt>t-><i>xyz</i></tt></TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>&nbsp;<tt>T*</tt></TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>If the pointee is valid returns a builtin pointer to the pointee.<br>
+      If the pointee is invalid the result is <i>undefined</i> (It might not even return NULL).<br>
+    </TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top> </TD>
+  </TR>
+  <TR>
+    <TD VAlign=top>Validity Test</TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>&nbsp;<tt>bool(t)</tt></TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>&nbsp;bool </TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>If the pointee is valid returns true.<br>
+      If the pointee is invalid returns false.</TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top></TD>
+  </TR>
+  <TR>
+    <TD VAlign=top>Invalidity Test</TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>&nbsp;<tt>!t</tt></TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>&nbsp;bool </TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top>If the pointee is valid returns false.<br>
+      If the pointee is invalid returns true.</TD>
+    <TD VAlign=top></TD>
+  </TR>
+</table>
+
+
+<h3>Models</h3>
+
+<UL>
+  <LI><tt>pointers, both builtin and smart.</tt>
+  <LI><tt>boost::optional&lt;&gt;</tt>
+</UL>
+
+<HR>
+<h3>OptionalPointee and relational operations</h3>
+<p>This concept does not define any particular semantic for relational operations, therefore,
+a type which models this concept might have either shallow or deep relational semantics.<br>
+For instance, pointers, which are models of OptionalPointee, have shallow relational operators:
+comparisons of pointers do not involve comparisons of pointees.
+This makes sense for pointers because they have shallow copy semantics.<br>
+But boost::optional&lt;T&gt;, on the other hand, which is also a model of OptionalPointee, has
+deep-copy and deep-relational semantics.<br>
+If generic code is written for this concept, it is important not to use relational
+operators directly because the semantics might be different depending on the actual type.<br>
+Still, the concept itsef can be used to define <i>deep</i> relational tests that can
+be used in generic code with any type which models OptionalPointee:</p>
+<a name="equal"></a>
+<p><u>Equivalence relation:</u></p>
+<pre>template&lt;class OptionalPointee&gt;
+inline
+bool equal_pointees ( OptionalPointee const&amp; x, OptionalPointee const&amp; y )
+{
+  return (!x) != (!y) ? false : ( !x ? true : (*x) == (*y) ) ;
+}
+template&lt;class OptionalPointee&gt;
+struct equal_pointees_t : std::binary_function&lt;OptionalPointee,OptionalPointee,bool&gt;
+{
+  bool operator() ( OptionalPointee const& x, OptionalPointee const& y ) const
+    { return equal_pointees(x,y) ; }
+} ;
+</pre>
+<p>The preceding generic function and function object have the following semantics:<br>
+If both <b>x</b> and <b>y</b> have valid pointees, it compares values via <code>(*x == *y)</code>.<br>
+If only one has a valid pointee, returns <code>false</code>.<br>
+If both have invalid pointees, returns <code>true</code>.</p>
+<a name="less"></a>
+<p><u>Less-than relation:</u></p>
+<pre>template&lt;class OptionalPointee&gt;
+inline
+bool less_pointees ( OptionalPointee const&amp; x, OptionalPointee const&amp; y )
+{
+  return !y ? false : ( !x ? true : (*x) < (*y) ) ;
+}
+template&lt;class OptionalPointee&gt;
+struct less_pointees_t : std::binary_function&lt;OptionalPointee,OptionalPointee,bool&gt;
+{
+  bool operator() ( OptionalPointee const& x, OptionalPointee const& y ) const
+    { return less_pointees(x,y) ; }
+} ;
+</pre>
+<p>The preceding generic function and function object have the following semantics:<br>
+If <b>y</b> has an invalid pointee, returns <code>false</code>.<br>
+Else, if <b>x</b> has an invalid pointee, returns <code>true</code>.<br>
+Else, ( <b>x</b> and <b>y</b> have valid pointees), compares values via <code>(*x &lt; 
+*y).</code></p>
+<p><br>
+All these functions and function 
+objects are is implemented in <a href="../../boost/utility/compare_pointees.hpp">compare_pointees.hpp</a></p>
+<p>Notice that OptionalPointee does not imply aliasing (and optional&lt;&gt; for instance does not alias);
+so direct usage of relational operators with the implied aliasing of shallow semantics
+-as with pointers- should not be used with generic code written for this concept.</p>
+
+<h3>Acknowledgements</h3>
+<p>Based on the original concept developed by Augustus Saunders.
+
+<br>
+</p>
+<HR>
+<TABLE>
+<TR valign=top>
+<TD nowrap>Copyright &copy 2003</TD><TD>
+<A HREF="mailto:fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com">Fernando Cacciola</A>
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+<p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. See
+<a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a></p>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- a/base_from_member_ref_test.cpp
+++ b/base_from_member_ref_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+//
+// Test that a base_from_member<T&> can be properly constructed
+//
+// Copyright 2014 Agustin Berge
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include <boost/utility/base_from_member.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
+
+struct foo : boost::base_from_member<int&>
+{
+    explicit foo(int& ref) : boost::base_from_member<int&>(ref)
+    {
+        BOOST_TEST(&member == &ref);
+    }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    int i = 0;
+    foo f(i);
+
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}
--- a/base_from_member_test.cpp
+++ b/base_from_member_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+//  Boost test program for base-from-member class templates  -----------------//
+
+//  Copyright 2001, 2003 Daryle Walker.  Use, modification, and distribution are
+//  subject to the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.  (See accompanying file
+//  LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at <http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt>.)
+
+//  See <http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/> for the library's home page.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  14 Jun 2003  Adjusted code for Boost.Test changes (Daryle Walker)
+//  29 Aug 2001  Initial Version (Daryle Walker)
+
+#include <boost/test/minimal.hpp>  // for BOOST_CHECK, main
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>       // for BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
+#include <boost/cstdlib.hpp>      // for boost::exit_success
+#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>  // for boost::noncopyable
+
+#include <boost/utility/base_from_member.hpp>  // for boost::base_from_member
+
+#include <functional>  // for std::binary_function, std::less
+#include <iostream>    // for std::cout (std::ostream, std::endl indirectly)
+#include <set>         // for std::set
+#include <typeinfo>    // for std::type_info
+#include <utility>     // for std::pair, std::make_pair
+#include <vector>      // for std::vector
+
+
+// Control if extra information is printed
+#ifndef CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+#define CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING  1
+#endif
+
+
+// A (sub)object can be identified by its memory location and its type.
+// Both are needed since an object can start at the same place as its
+// first base class subobject and/or contained subobject.
+typedef std::pair< void *, std::type_info const * >  object_id;
+
+// Object IDs need to be printed
+std::ostream &  operator <<( std::ostream &os, object_id const &oi );
+
+// A way to generate an object ID
+template < typename T >
+  object_id  identify( T &obj );
+
+// A custom comparison type is needed
+struct object_id_compare
+    : std::binary_function<object_id, object_id, bool>
+{
+    bool  operator ()( object_id const &a, object_id const &b ) const;
+
+};  // object_id_compare
+
+// A singleton of this type coordinates the acknowledgements
+// of objects being created and used.
+class object_registrar
+    : private boost::noncopyable
+{
+public:
+
+    #ifndef BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
+    template < typename T >
+        void  register_object( T &obj )
+            { this->register_object_imp( identify(obj) ); }
+    template < typename T, typename U >
+        void  register_use( T &owner, U &owned )
+            { this->register_use_imp( identify(owner), identify(owned) ); }
+    template < typename T, typename U >
+        void  unregister_use( T &owner, U &owned )
+            { this->unregister_use_imp( identify(owner), identify(owned) ); }
+    template < typename T >
+        void  unregister_object( T &obj )
+            { this->unregister_object_imp( identify(obj) ); }
+    #endif
+
+    void  register_object_imp( object_id obj );
+    void  register_use_imp( object_id owner, object_id owned );
+    void  unregister_use_imp( object_id owner, object_id owned );
+    void  unregister_object_imp( object_id obj );
+
+    typedef std::set<object_id, object_id_compare>  set_type;
+
+    typedef std::vector<object_id>  error_record_type;
+    typedef std::vector< std::pair<object_id, object_id> >  error_pair_type;
+
+    set_type  db_;
+
+    error_pair_type    defrauders_in_, defrauders_out_;
+    error_record_type  overeager_, overkilled_;
+
+};  // object_registrar
+
+// A sample type to be used by containing types
+class base_or_member
+{
+public:
+    explicit  base_or_member( int x = 1, double y = -0.25 );
+             ~base_or_member();
+
+};  // base_or_member
+
+// A sample type that uses base_or_member, used
+// as a base for the main demonstration classes
+class base_class
+{
+public:
+    explicit  base_class( base_or_member &x, base_or_member *y = 0,
+     base_or_member *z = 0 );
+
+    ~base_class();
+
+private:
+    base_or_member  *x_, *y_, *z_;
+
+};  // base_class
+
+// This bad class demonstrates the direct method of a base class needing
+// to be initialized by a member.  This is improper since the member
+// isn't initialized until after the base class.
+class bad_class
+    : public base_class
+{
+public:
+     bad_class();
+    ~bad_class();
+
+private:
+    base_or_member  x_;
+
+};  // bad_class
+
+// The first good class demonstrates the correct way to initialize a
+// base class with a member.  The member is changed to another base
+// class, one that is initialized before the base that needs it.
+class good_class_1
+    : private boost::base_from_member<base_or_member>
+    , public base_class
+{
+    typedef boost::base_from_member<base_or_member>  pbase_type;
+    typedef base_class                                base_type;
+
+public:
+     good_class_1();
+    ~good_class_1();
+
+};  // good_class_1
+
+// The second good class also demonstrates the correct way to initialize
+// base classes with other subobjects.  This class uses the other helpers
+// in the library, and shows the technique of using two base subobjects
+// of the "same" type.
+class good_class_2
+    : private boost::base_from_member<base_or_member, 0>
+    , private boost::base_from_member<base_or_member, 1>
+    , private boost::base_from_member<base_or_member, 2>
+    , public base_class
+{
+    typedef boost::base_from_member<base_or_member, 0>  pbase_type0;
+    typedef boost::base_from_member<base_or_member, 1>  pbase_type1;
+    typedef boost::base_from_member<base_or_member, 2>  pbase_type2;
+    typedef base_class                                   base_type;
+
+public:
+     good_class_2();
+    ~good_class_2();
+
+};  // good_class_2
+
+// Declare/define the single object registrar
+object_registrar  obj_reg;
+
+
+// Main functionality
+int
+test_main( int , char * [] )
+{
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.db_.empty() );
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.defrauders_in_.empty() );
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.defrauders_out_.empty() );
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.overeager_.empty() );
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.overkilled_.empty() );
+
+    // Make a separate block to examine pre- and post-effects
+    {
+        using std::cout;
+        using std::endl;
+
+        bad_class  bc;
+        BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.db_.size() == 3 );
+        BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.defrauders_in_.size() == 1 );
+
+        good_class_1  gc1;
+        BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.db_.size() == 6 );
+        BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.defrauders_in_.size() == 1 );
+
+        good_class_2  gc2;
+        BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.db_.size() == 11 );
+        BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.defrauders_in_.size() == 1 );
+
+        BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.defrauders_out_.empty() );
+        BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.overeager_.empty() );
+        BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.overkilled_.empty() );
+
+        // Getting the addresses of the objects ensure
+        // that they're used, and not optimized away.
+        cout << "Object 'bc' is at " << &bc << '.' << endl;
+        cout << "Object 'gc1' is at " << &gc1 << '.' << endl;
+        cout << "Object 'gc2' is at " << &gc2 << '.' << endl;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.db_.empty() );
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.defrauders_in_.size() == 1 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.defrauders_out_.size() == 1 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.overeager_.empty() );
+    BOOST_CHECK( obj_reg.overkilled_.empty() );
+
+    return boost::exit_success;
+}
+
+
+// Print an object's ID
+std::ostream &
+operator <<
+(
+    std::ostream &     os,
+    object_id const &  oi
+)
+{
+    // I had an std::ostringstream to help, but I did not need it since
+    // the program never screws around with formatting.  Worse, using
+    // std::ostringstream is an issue with some compilers.
+
+    return os << '[' << ( oi.second ? oi.second->name() : "NOTHING" )
+     << " at " << oi.first << ']';
+}
+
+// Get an object ID given an object
+template < typename T >
+inline
+object_id
+identify
+(
+    T &  obj
+)
+{
+    return std::make_pair( static_cast<void *>(&obj), &(typeid( obj )) );
+}
+
+// Compare two object IDs
+bool
+object_id_compare::operator ()
+(
+    object_id const &  a,
+    object_id const &  b
+) const
+{
+    std::less<void *>  vp_cmp;
+    if ( vp_cmp(a.first, b.first) )
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if ( vp_cmp(b.first, a.first) )
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // object pointers are equal, compare the types
+        if ( a.second == b.second )
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        else if ( !a.second )
+        {
+            return true;   // NULL preceeds anything else
+        }
+        else if ( !b.second )
+        {
+            return false;  // NULL preceeds anything else
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return a.second->before( *b.second ) != 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Let an object register its existence
+void
+object_registrar::register_object_imp
+(
+    object_id  obj
+)
+{
+    if ( db_.count(obj) <= 0 )
+    {
+        db_.insert( obj );
+
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << "Registered " << obj << '.' << std::endl;
+        #endif
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        overeager_.push_back( obj );
+
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << "Attempted to register a non-existant " << obj
+         << '.' << std::endl;
+        #endif
+    }
+}
+
+// Let an object register its use of another object
+void
+object_registrar::register_use_imp
+(
+    object_id  owner,
+    object_id  owned
+)
+{
+    if ( db_.count(owned) > 0 )
+    {
+        // We don't care to record usage registrations
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        defrauders_in_.push_back( std::make_pair(owner, owned) );
+
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << "Attempted to own a non-existant " << owned
+         << " by " << owner << '.' << std::endl;
+        #endif
+    }
+}
+
+// Let an object un-register its use of another object
+void
+object_registrar::unregister_use_imp
+(
+    object_id  owner,
+    object_id  owned
+)
+{
+    if ( db_.count(owned) > 0 )
+    {
+        // We don't care to record usage un-registrations
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        defrauders_out_.push_back( std::make_pair(owner, owned) );
+
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << "Attempted to disown a non-existant " << owned
+         << " by " << owner << '.' << std::endl;
+        #endif
+    }
+}
+
+// Let an object un-register its existence
+void
+object_registrar::unregister_object_imp
+(
+    object_id  obj
+)
+{
+    set_type::iterator const  i = db_.find( obj );
+
+    if ( i != db_.end() )
+    {
+        db_.erase( i );
+
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << "Unregistered " << obj << '.' << std::endl;
+        #endif
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        overkilled_.push_back( obj );
+
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << "Attempted to unregister a non-existant " << obj
+         << '.' << std::endl;
+        #endif
+    }
+}
+
+// Macros to abstract the registration of objects
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
+#define PRIVATE_REGISTER_BIRTH(o)     obj_reg.register_object( (o) )
+#define PRIVATE_REGISTER_DEATH(o)     obj_reg.unregister_object( (o) )
+#define PRIVATE_REGISTER_USE(o, w)    obj_reg.register_use( (o), (w) )
+#define PRIVATE_UNREGISTER_USE(o, w)  obj_reg.unregister_use( (o), (w) )
+#else
+#define PRIVATE_REGISTER_BIRTH(o)     obj_reg.register_object_imp( \
+ identify((o)) )
+#define PRIVATE_REGISTER_DEATH(o)     obj_reg.unregister_object_imp( \
+ identify((o)) )
+#define PRIVATE_REGISTER_USE(o, w)    obj_reg.register_use_imp( identify((o)), \
+ identify((w)) )
+#define PRIVATE_UNREGISTER_USE(o, w)  obj_reg.unregister_use_imp( \
+ identify((o)), identify((w)) )
+#endif
+
+// Create a base_or_member, with arguments to simulate member initializations
+base_or_member::base_or_member
+(
+    int     x,  // = 1
+    double  y   // = -0.25
+)
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_BIRTH( *this );
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << "\tMy x-factor is " << x << " and my y-factor is " << y
+     << '.' << std::endl;
+    #endif
+}
+
+// Destroy a base_or_member
+inline
+base_or_member::~base_or_member
+(
+)
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_DEATH( *this );
+}
+
+// Create a base_class, registering any objects used
+base_class::base_class
+(
+    base_or_member &  x,
+    base_or_member *  y,  // = 0
+    base_or_member *  z   // = 0
+)
+    : x_( &x ), y_( y ), z_( z )
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_BIRTH( *this );
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << "\tMy x-factor is " << x_;
+    #endif
+
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_USE( *this, *x_ );
+
+    if ( y_ )
+    {
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << ", my y-factor is " << y_;
+        #endif
+
+        PRIVATE_REGISTER_USE( *this, *y_ );
+    }
+
+    if ( z_ )
+    {
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << ", my z-factor is " << z_;
+        #endif
+
+        PRIVATE_REGISTER_USE( *this, *z_ );
+    }
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << '.' << std::endl;
+    #endif
+}
+
+// Destroy a base_class, unregistering the objects it uses
+base_class::~base_class
+(
+)
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_DEATH( *this );
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << "\tMy x-factor was " << x_;
+    #endif
+
+    PRIVATE_UNREGISTER_USE( *this, *x_ );
+
+    if ( y_ )
+    {
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << ", my y-factor was " << y_;
+        #endif
+
+        PRIVATE_UNREGISTER_USE( *this, *y_ );
+    }
+
+    if ( z_ )
+    {
+        #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+        std::cout << ", my z-factor was " << z_;
+        #endif
+
+        PRIVATE_UNREGISTER_USE( *this, *z_ );
+    }
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << '.' << std::endl;
+    #endif
+}
+
+// Create a bad_class, noting the improper construction order
+bad_class::bad_class
+(
+)
+    : x_( -7, 16.75 ), base_class( x_ )  // this order doesn't matter
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_BIRTH( *this );
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << "\tMy factor is at " << &x_
+     << " and my base is at " << static_cast<base_class *>(this) << '.'
+     << std::endl;
+    #endif
+}
+
+// Destroy a bad_class, noting the improper destruction order
+bad_class::~bad_class
+(
+)
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_DEATH( *this );
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << "\tMy factor was at " << &x_
+     << " and my base was at " << static_cast<base_class *>(this)
+     << '.' << std::endl;
+    #endif
+}
+
+// Create a good_class_1, noting the proper construction order
+good_class_1::good_class_1
+(
+)
+    : pbase_type( 8 ), base_type( member )
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_BIRTH( *this );
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << "\tMy factor is at " << &member
+     << " and my base is at " << static_cast<base_class *>(this) << '.'
+     << std::endl;
+    #endif
+}
+
+// Destroy a good_class_1, noting the proper destruction order
+good_class_1::~good_class_1
+(
+)
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_DEATH( *this );
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << "\tMy factor was at " << &member
+     << " and my base was at " << static_cast<base_class *>(this)
+     << '.' << std::endl;
+    #endif
+}
+
+// Create a good_class_2, noting the proper construction order
+good_class_2::good_class_2
+(
+)
+    : pbase_type0(), pbase_type1(-16, 0.125), pbase_type2(2, -3)
+    , base_type( pbase_type1::member, &this->pbase_type0::member,
+       &this->pbase_type2::member )
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_BIRTH( *this );
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << "\tMy factors are at " << &this->pbase_type0::member
+     << ", " << &this->pbase_type1::member << ", "
+     << &this->pbase_type2::member << ", and my base is at "
+     << static_cast<base_class *>(this) << '.' << std::endl;
+    #endif
+}
+
+// Destroy a good_class_2, noting the proper destruction order
+good_class_2::~good_class_2
+(
+)
+{
+    PRIVATE_REGISTER_DEATH( *this );
+
+    #if CONTROL_EXTRA_PRINTING
+    std::cout << "\tMy factors were at " << &this->pbase_type0::member
+     << ", " << &this->pbase_type1::member << ", "
+     << &this->pbase_type2::member << ", and my base was at "
+     << static_cast<base_class *>(this) << '.' << std::endl;
+    #endif
+}
--- a/binary_test.cpp
+++ b/binary_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,647 @@
+/*=============================================================================
+    Copyright (c) 2006, 2007 Matthew Calabrese
+
+    Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+    License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+==============================================================================*/
+
+#include <boost/test/minimal.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/binary.hpp>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+#pragma warning(disable:4996) // warning C4996: 'std::equal': Function call with parameters that may be unsafe - this call relies on the caller to check that the passed values are correct. To disable this warning, use -D_SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS. See documentation on how to use Visual C++ 'Checked Iterators'
+#endif
+
+/*
+Note: This file tests every single valid bit-grouping on its own, and some
+      random combinations of bit-groupings.
+*/
+
+std::size_t const num_random_test_values = 32;
+
+// Note: These hex values should all correspond with the binary array below
+unsigned int const random_unsigned_ints_hex[num_random_test_values]
+  = { 0x0103u, 0x77ebu, 0x5f36u, 0x1f18u, 0xc530u, 0xa73au, 0xd6f8u, 0x0919u
+    , 0xfbb0u, 0x3e7cu, 0xd0e9u, 0x22c8u, 0x724eu, 0x14fau, 0xd98eu, 0x40b5
+    , 0xeba0u, 0xfe50u, 0x688au, 0x1b05u, 0x5f9cu, 0xe4fcu, 0xa7b8u, 0xd3acu
+    , 0x1dddu, 0xbf04u, 0x8352u, 0xe89cu, 0x7506u, 0xe767u, 0xf489u, 0xe167
+    };
+
+unsigned int const random_unsigned_ints_binary[num_random_test_values]
+  = { BOOST_BINARY( 0 00010000 0011 ), BOOST_BINARY( 0 11101 1111  101011 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 010111 1100110 1 1 0 ), BOOST_BINARY( 000 1 11110 00 11000 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 110 001010 0110 000 ), BOOST_BINARY( 1010 01110011 1010 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 11 010 1 101111 1000 ), BOOST_BINARY( 0000 100100 0110 01 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 1111 101110 11 0000 ), BOOST_BINARY( 00111110 01111100 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 11  010 000111 01001 ), BOOST_BINARY( 00100 010110   01000 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 01 11001001 001110 ), BOOST_BINARY( 0010 1001111 1010 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 1101 1 00110 0 01110 ), BOOST_BINARY( 100 000 01011010 1 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 11 1010 1110 1000 00 ), BOOST_BINARY( 11111 110010 10000 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 01101 00010 001010 ), BOOST_BINARY( 000 11011 000001 01 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 01 01111 1100111 00 ), BOOST_BINARY( 1 110010 0111111 00 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 101 0011 11 01110 00 ), BOOST_BINARY( 110100 1 110101 100 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 00 1110111 011 101 ), BOOST_BINARY( 1011 1111 00000 100 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 1000 00110 101 0010 ), BOOST_BINARY( 1110  10001 001110 0 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 011 1010100 000 110 ), BOOST_BINARY( 1110 0111 01100 111 )
+    , BOOST_BINARY( 11110 10010 001001 ), BOOST_BINARY( 11 1000010 1100 111 )
+    };
+
+unsigned int const unsigned_ints_1_bit[2] =
+{ BOOST_BINARY( 0 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1 )
+};
+
+unsigned int const unsigned_ints_2_bits[4] =
+{ BOOST_BINARY( 00 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11 )
+};
+
+unsigned int const unsigned_ints_3_bits[8] =
+{ BOOST_BINARY( 000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 111 )
+};
+
+unsigned int const unsigned_ints_4_bits[16] =
+{ BOOST_BINARY( 0000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1111 )
+};
+
+unsigned int const unsigned_ints_5_bits[32] =
+{ BOOST_BINARY( 00000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11111 )
+};
+
+unsigned int const unsigned_ints_6_bits[64] =
+{ BOOST_BINARY( 000000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 000001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 000010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 000011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 000100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 000101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 000110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 000111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 001000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 001001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 001010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 001011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 001100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 001101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 001110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 001111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 010000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 010001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 010010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 010011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 010100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 010101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 010110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 010111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 011000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 011001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 011010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 011011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 011100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 011101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 011110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 011111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 100000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 100001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 100010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 100011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 100100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 100101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 100110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 100111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 101000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 101001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 101010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 101011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 101100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 101101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 101110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 101111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 110000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 110001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 110010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 110011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 110100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 110101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 110110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 110111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 111000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 111001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 111010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 111011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 111100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 111101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 111110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 111111 )
+};
+
+unsigned int const unsigned_ints_7_bits[128] =
+{ BOOST_BINARY( 0000000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0000001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0000010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0000011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0000100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0000101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0000110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0000111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0001000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0001001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0001010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0001011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0001100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0001101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0001110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0001111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0010000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0010001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0010010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0010011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0010100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0010101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0010110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0010111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0011000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0011001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0011010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0011011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0011100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0011101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0011110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0011111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0100000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0100001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0100010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0100011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0100100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0100101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0100110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0100111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0101000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0101001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0101010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0101011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0101100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0101101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0101110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0101111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0110000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0110001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0110010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0110011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0110100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0110101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0110110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0110111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0111000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0111001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0111010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0111011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0111100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0111101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0111110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 0111111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1000000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1000001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1000010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1000011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1000100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1000101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1000110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1000111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1001000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1001001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1001010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1001011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1001100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1001101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1001110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1001111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1010000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1010001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1010010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1010011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1010100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1010101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1010110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1010111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1011000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1011001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1011010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1011011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1011100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1011101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1011110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1011111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1100000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1100001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1100010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1100011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1100100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1100101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1100110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1100111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1101000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1101001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1101010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1101011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1101100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1101101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1101110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1101111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1110000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1110001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1110010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1110011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1110100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1110101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1110110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1110111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1111000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1111001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1111010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1111011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1111100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1111101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1111110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 1111111 )
+};
+unsigned int const unsigned_ints_8_bits[256] =
+{ BOOST_BINARY( 00000000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00000001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00000010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00000011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00000100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00000101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00000110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00000111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00001000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00001001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00001010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00001011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00001100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00001101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00001110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00001111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00010000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00010001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00010010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00010011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00010100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00010101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00010110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00010111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00011000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00011001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00011010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00011011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00011100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00011101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00011110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00011111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00100000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00100001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00100010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00100011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00100100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00100101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00100110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00100111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00101000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00101001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00101010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00101011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00101100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00101101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00101110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00101111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00110000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00110001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00110010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00110011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00110100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00110101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00110110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00110111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00111000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00111001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00111010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00111011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00111100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00111101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00111110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 00111111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01000000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01000001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01000010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01000011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01000100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01000101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01000110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01000111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01001000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01001001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01001010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01001011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01001100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01001101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01001110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01001111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01010000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01010001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01010010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01010011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01010100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01010101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01010110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01010111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01011000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01011001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01011010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01011011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01011100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01011101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01011110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01011111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01100000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01100001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01100010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01100011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01100100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01100101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01100110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01100111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01101000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01101001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01101010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01101011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01101100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01101101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01101110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01101111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01110000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01110001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01110010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01110011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01110100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01110101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01110110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01110111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01111000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01111001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01111010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01111011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01111100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01111101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01111110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 01111111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10000000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10000001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10000010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10000011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10000100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10000101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10000110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10000111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10001000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10001001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10001010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10001011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10001100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10001101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10001110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10001111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10010000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10010001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10010010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10010011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10010100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10010101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10010110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10010111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10011000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10011001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10011010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10011011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10011100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10011101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10011110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10011111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10100000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10100001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10100010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10100011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10100100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10100101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10100110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10100111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10101000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10101001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10101010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10101011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10101100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10101101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10101110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10101111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10110000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10110001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10110010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10110011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10110100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10110101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10110110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10110111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10111000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10111001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10111010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10111011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10111100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10111101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10111110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 10111111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11000000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11000001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11000010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11000011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11000100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11000101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11000110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11000111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11001000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11001001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11001010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11001011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11001100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11001101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11001110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11001111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11010000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11010001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11010010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11010011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11010100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11010101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11010110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11010111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11011000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11011001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11011010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11011011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11011100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11011101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11011110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11011111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11100000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11100001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11100010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11100011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11100100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11100101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11100110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11100111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11101000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11101001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11101010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11101011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11101100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11101101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11101110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11101111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11110000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11110001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11110010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11110011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11110100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11110101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11110110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11110111 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11111000 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11111001 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11111010 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11111011 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11111100 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11111101 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11111110 )
+, BOOST_BINARY( 11111111 )
+};
+
+struct left_is_not_one_less_than_right
+{
+  bool operator ()( unsigned int left, unsigned int right ) const
+  {
+    return right != left + 1;
+  }
+};
+
+template< std::size_t Size >
+bool is_ascending_from_0_array( unsigned int const (&array)[Size] )
+{
+  unsigned int const* const curr = array,
+                    * const end  = array + Size;
+
+  return    ( *curr == 0 )
+         && (    std::adjacent_find( curr, end
+                                   , left_is_not_one_less_than_right()
+                                   )
+              == end
+            );
+}
+
+std::size_t const unsigned_int_id = 1,
+                  unsigned_long_int_id = 2;
+
+typedef char (&unsigned_int_id_type)[unsigned_int_id];
+typedef char (&unsigned_long_int_id_type)[unsigned_long_int_id];
+
+// Note: Functions only used for type checking
+unsigned_int_id_type      binary_type_checker( unsigned int );
+unsigned_long_int_id_type binary_type_checker( unsigned long int );
+
+int test_main( int, char *[] )
+{
+  BOOST_CHECK( is_ascending_from_0_array( unsigned_ints_1_bit ) );
+  BOOST_CHECK( is_ascending_from_0_array( unsigned_ints_2_bits ) );
+  BOOST_CHECK( is_ascending_from_0_array( unsigned_ints_3_bits ) );
+  BOOST_CHECK( is_ascending_from_0_array( unsigned_ints_4_bits ) );
+  BOOST_CHECK( is_ascending_from_0_array( unsigned_ints_5_bits ) );
+  BOOST_CHECK( is_ascending_from_0_array( unsigned_ints_6_bits ) );
+  BOOST_CHECK( is_ascending_from_0_array( unsigned_ints_7_bits ) );
+  BOOST_CHECK( is_ascending_from_0_array( unsigned_ints_8_bits ) );
+
+  BOOST_CHECK( std::equal( &random_unsigned_ints_hex[0]
+                         , random_unsigned_ints_hex + num_random_test_values
+                         , &random_unsigned_ints_binary[0]
+                         )
+             );
+
+  BOOST_CHECK(    sizeof( binary_type_checker( BOOST_BINARY_U( 110100 1010 ) ) )
+               == unsigned_int_id
+             );
+
+  BOOST_CHECK(    sizeof( binary_type_checker( BOOST_BINARY_UL( 11110 ) ) )
+               == unsigned_long_int_id
+             );
+
+  BOOST_CHECK(    sizeof( binary_type_checker( BOOST_BINARY_LU( 10 0001 ) ) )
+               == unsigned_long_int_id
+             );
+
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/call_traits.htm
+++ b/call_traits.htm
@ -0,0 +1,755 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<meta name="Template"
+content="C:\PROGRAM FILES\MICROSOFT OFFICE\OFFICE\html.dot">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage Express 2.0">
+<title>Call Traits</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
+vlink="#800080">
+
+<h1><img src="../../boost.png" width="276" height="86">Header
+&lt;<a href="../../boost/detail/call_traits.hpp">boost/call_traits.hpp</a>&gt;</h1>
+
+<p>All of the contents of &lt;boost/call_traits.hpp&gt; are
+defined inside namespace boost.</p>
+
+<p>The template class call_traits&lt;T&gt; encapsulates the
+&quot;best&quot; method to pass a parameter of some type T to or
+from a function, and consists of a collection of typedefs defined
+as in the table below. The purpose of call_traits is to ensure
+that problems like &quot;<a href="#refs">references to references</a>&quot;
+never occur, and that parameters are passed in the most efficient
+manner possible (see <a href="#examples">examples</a>). In each
+case if your existing practice is to use the type defined on the
+left, then replace it with the call_traits defined type on the
+right. </p>
+
+<p>Note that for compilers that do not support either partial
+specialization or member templates, no benefit will occur from
+using call_traits: the call_traits defined types will always be
+the same as the existing practice in this case. In addition if
+only member templates and not partial template specialisation is
+support by the compiler (for example Visual C++ 6) then
+call_traits can not be used with array types (although it can be
+used to solve the reference to reference problem).</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="797">
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">Existing practice</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">call_traits equivalent</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">Description</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">Notes</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">T<br>
+        (return by value)</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%"><p align="center"><code>call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type</code></p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%">Defines a type that
+        represents the &quot;value&quot; of type T. Use this for
+        functions that return by value, or possibly for stored
+        values of type T.</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%"><p align="center">2</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">T&amp;<br>
+        (return value)</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%"><p align="center"><code>call_traits&lt;T&gt;::reference</code></p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%">Defines a type that
+        represents a reference to type T. Use for functions that
+        would normally return a T&amp;.</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%"><p align="center">1</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        T&amp;<br>
+        (return value)</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%"><p align="center"><code>call_traits&lt;T&gt;::const_reference</code></p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%">Defines a type that
+        represents a constant reference to type T. Use for
+        functions that would normally return a const T&amp;.</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%"><p align="center">1</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        T&amp;<br>
+        (function parameter)</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%"><p align="center"><code>call_traits&lt;T&gt;::param_type</code></p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%">Defines a type that
+        represents the &quot;best&quot; way to pass a parameter
+        of type T to a function.</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%"><p align="center">1,3</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Notes:</p>
+
+<ol>
+    <li>If T is already reference type, then call_traits is
+        defined such that <a href="#refs">references to
+        references</a> do not occur (requires partial
+        specialization).</li>
+    <li>If T is an array type, then call_traits defines <code>value_type</code>
+        as a &quot;constant pointer to type&quot; rather than an
+        &quot;array of type&quot; (requires partial
+        specialization). Note that if you are using value_type as
+        a stored value then this will result in storing a &quot;constant
+        pointer to an array&quot; rather than the array itself.
+        This may or may not be a good thing depending upon what
+        you actually need (in other words take care!).</li>
+    <li>If T is a small built in type or a pointer, then <code>param_type</code>
+        is defined as <code>T const</code>, instead of <code>T
+        const&amp;</code>. This can improve the ability of the
+        compiler to optimize loops in the body of the function if
+        they depend upon the passed parameter, the semantics of
+        the passed parameter is otherwise unchanged (requires
+        partial specialization).</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h3>Copy constructibility</h3>
+
+<p>The following table defines which call_traits types can always
+be copy-constructed from which other types, those entries marked
+with a '?' are true only if and only if T is copy constructible:</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="766">
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%">&nbsp;</td>
+        <td valign="top" colspan="5" width="85%"
+        bgcolor="#008080"><p align="center">To:</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#008080">From:</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">T</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">value_type</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const_reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">param_type</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">T</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">value_type</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">reference</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">const_reference</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">param_type</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>If T is an assignable type the following assignments are
+possible:</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="766">
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%">&nbsp;</td>
+        <td valign="top" colspan="5" width="85%"
+        bgcolor="#008080"><p align="center">To:</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#008080">From:</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">T</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">value_type</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const_reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">param_type</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">T</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">value_type</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">reference</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">const_reference</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">param_type</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h3><a name="examples"></a>Examples</h3>
+
+<p>The following table shows the effect that call_traits has on
+various types, the table assumes that the compiler supports
+partial specialization: if it doesn't then all types behave in
+the same way as the entry for &quot;myclass&quot;, and
+call_traits can not be used with reference or array types.</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="766">
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%">&nbsp;</td>
+        <td valign="top" colspan="5" width="85%"
+        bgcolor="#008080"><p align="center">Call_traits type:</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">Original type T</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">value_type</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const_reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">param_type</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">Applies to:</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">myclass</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">myclass</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">myclass&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        myclass&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">myclass
+        const&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All user
+        defined types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">int</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int const</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All small
+        built-in types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">int*</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int*</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int*&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int*const&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int* const</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All
+        pointer types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All
+        reference types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All
+        constant-references.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">int[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int*</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int(&amp;)[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int(&amp;)[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int*
+        const</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All array
+        types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const int[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int*</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int(&amp;)[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int(&amp;)[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int*
+        const</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All
+        constant-array types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h4>Example 1:</h4>
+
+<p>The following class is a trivial class that stores some type T
+by value (see the <a href="call_traits_test.cpp">call_traits_test.cpp</a>
+file), the aim is to illustrate how each of the available
+call_traits typedefs may be used:</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+struct contained
+{
+   // define our typedefs first, arrays are stored by value
+   // so value_type is not the same as result_type:
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::param_type       param_type;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::reference        reference;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::const_reference  const_reference;
+   typedef T                                                value_type;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type       result_type;
+
+   // stored value:
+   value_type v_;
+   
+   // constructors:
+   contained() {}
+   contained(param_type p) : v_(p){}
+   // return byval:
+   result_type value() { return v_; }
+   // return by_ref:
+   reference get() { return v_; }
+   const_reference const_get()const { return v_; }
+   // pass value:
+   void call(param_type p){}
+
+};</pre>
+
+<h4><a name="refs"></a>Example 2 (the reference to reference
+problem):</h4>
+
+<p>Consider the definition of std::binder1st:</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class Operation&gt; 
+class binder1st : 
+   public unary_function&lt;typename Operation::second_argument_type, typename Operation::result_type&gt; 
+{ 
+protected: 
+   Operation op; 
+   typename Operation::first_argument_type value; 
+public: 
+   binder1st(const Operation&amp; x, const typename Operation::first_argument_type&amp; y); 
+   typename Operation::result_type operator()(const typename Operation::second_argument_type&amp; x) const; 
+}; </pre>
+
+<p>Now consider what happens in the relatively common case that
+the functor takes its second argument as a reference, that
+implies that <code>Operation::second_argument_type</code> is a
+reference type, <code>operator()</code> will now end up taking a
+reference to a reference as an argument, and that is not
+currently legal. The solution here is to modify <code>operator()</code>
+to use call_traits:</p>
+
+<pre>typename Operation::result_type operator()(typename call_traits&lt;typename Operation::second_argument_type&gt;::param_type x) const;</pre>
+
+<p>Now in the case that <code>Operation::second_argument_type</code>
+is a reference type, the argument is passed as a reference, and
+the no &quot;reference to reference&quot; occurs.</p>
+
+<h4><a name="ex3"></a>Example 3 (the make_pair problem):</h4>
+
+<p>If we pass the name of an array as one (or both) arguments to <code>std::make_pair</code>,
+then template argument deduction deduces the passed parameter as
+&quot;const reference to array of T&quot;, this also applies to
+string literals (which are really array literals). Consequently
+instead of returning a pair of pointers, it tries to return a
+pair of arrays, and since an array type is not copy-constructible
+the code fails to compile. One solution is to explicitly cast the
+arguments to make_pair to pointers, but call_traits provides a
+better (i.e. automatic) solution (and one that works safely even
+in generic code where the cast might do the wrong thing):</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T1, class T2&gt;
+std::pair&lt;
+   typename boost::call_traits&lt;T1&gt;::value_type, 
+   typename boost::call_traits&lt;T2&gt;::value_type&gt; 
+      make_pair(const T1&amp; t1, const T2&amp; t2)
+{
+   return std::pair&lt;
+      typename boost::call_traits&lt;T1&gt;::value_type, 
+      typename boost::call_traits&lt;T2&gt;::value_type&gt;(t1, t2);
+}</pre>
+
+<p>Here, the deduced argument types will be automatically
+degraded to pointers if the deduced types are arrays, similar
+situations occur in the standard binders and adapters: in
+principle in any function that &quot;wraps&quot; a temporary
+whose type is deduced. Note that the function arguments to
+make_pair are not expressed in terms of call_traits: doing so
+would prevent template argument deduction from functioning.</p>
+
+<h4><a name="ex4"></a>Example 4 (optimising fill):</h4>
+
+<p>The call_traits template will &quot;optimize&quot; the passing
+of a small built-in type as a function parameter, this mainly has
+an effect when the parameter is used within a loop body. In the
+following example (see <a
+href="../type_traits/examples/fill_example.cpp">fill_example.cpp</a>),
+a version of std::fill is optimized in two ways: if the type
+passed is a single byte built-in type then std::memset is used to
+effect the fill, otherwise a conventional C++ implemention is
+used, but with the passed parameter &quot;optimized&quot; using
+call_traits:</p>
+
+<pre>namespace detail{
+
+template &lt;bool opt&gt;
+struct filler
+{
+   template &lt;typename I, typename T&gt;
+   static void do_fill(I first, I last, typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::param_type val)
+   {
+      while(first != last)
+      {
+         *first = val;
+         ++first;
+      }
+   }
+};
+
+template &lt;&gt;
+struct filler&lt;true&gt;
+{
+   template &lt;typename I, typename T&gt;
+   static void do_fill(I first, I last, T val)
+   {
+      memset(first, val, last-first);
+   }
+};
+
+}
+
+template &lt;class I, class T&gt;
+inline void fill(I first, I last, const T&amp; val)
+{
+   enum{ can_opt = boost::is_pointer&lt;I&gt;::value
+                   &amp;&amp; boost::is_arithmetic&lt;T&gt;::value
+                   &amp;&amp; (sizeof(T) == 1) };
+   typedef detail::filler&lt;can_opt&gt; filler_t;
+   filler_t::template do_fill&lt;I,T&gt;(first, last, val);
+}</pre>
+
+<p>Footnote: the reason that this is &quot;optimal&quot; for
+small built-in types is that with the value passed as &quot;T
+const&quot; instead of &quot;const T&amp;&quot; the compiler is
+able to tell both that the value is constant and that it is free
+of aliases. With this information the compiler is able to cache
+the passed value in a register, unroll the loop, or use
+explicitly parallel instructions: if any of these are supported.
+Exactly how much mileage you will get from this depends upon your
+compiler - we could really use some accurate benchmarking
+software as part of boost for cases like this.</p>
+
+<p>Note that the function arguments to fill are not expressed in
+terms of call_traits: doing so would prevent template argument
+deduction from functioning. Instead fill acts as a &quot;thin
+wrapper&quot; that is there to perform template argument
+deduction, the compiler will optimise away the call to fill all
+together, replacing it with the call to filler&lt;&gt;::do_fill,
+which does use call_traits.</p>
+
+<h3>Rationale</h3>
+
+<p>The following notes are intended to briefly describe the
+rational behind choices made in call_traits.</p>
+
+<p>All user-defined types follow &quot;existing practice&quot;
+and need no comment.</p>
+
+<p>Small built-in types (what the standard calls fundamental
+types [3.9.1]) differ from existing practice only in the <i>param_type</i>
+typedef. In this case passing &quot;T const&quot; is compatible
+with existing practice, but may improve performance in some cases
+(see <a href="#ex4">Example 4</a>), in any case this should never
+be any worse than existing practice.</p>
+
+<p>Pointers follow the same rational as small built-in types.</p>
+
+<p>For reference types the rational follows <a href="#refs">Example
+2</a> - references to references are not allowed, so the
+call_traits members must be defined such that these problems do
+not occur. There is a proposal to modify the language such that
+&quot;a reference to a reference is a reference&quot; (issue #106,
+submitted by Bjarne Stroustrup), call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type
+and call_traits&lt;T&gt;::param_type both provide the same effect
+as that proposal, without the need for a language change (in
+other words it's a workaround).</p>
+
+<p>For array types, a function that takes an array as an argument
+will degrade the array type to a pointer type: this means that
+the type of the actual parameter is different from its declared
+type, something that can cause endless problems in template code
+that relies on the declared type of a parameter. For example:</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+struct A
+{
+   void foo(T t);
+};</pre>
+
+<p><font face="Times New Roman">In this case if we instantiate
+A&lt;int[2]&gt; then the declared type of the parameter passed to
+member function foo is int[2], but it's actual type is const int*,
+if we try to use the type T within the function body, then there
+is a strong likelyhood that our code will not compile:</font></p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+void A&lt;T&gt;::foo(T t)
+{
+   T dup(t); // doesn't compile for case that T is an array.
+}</pre>
+
+<p>By using call_traits the degradation from array to pointer is
+explicit, and the type of the parameter is the same as it's
+declared type:</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+struct A
+{
+   void foo(typename call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type t);
+};
+
+template &lt;class T&gt;
+void A&lt;T&gt;::foo(typename call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type t)
+{
+   typename call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type dup(t); // OK even if T is an array type.
+}</pre>
+
+<p>For value_type (return by value), again only a pointer may be
+returned, not a copy of the whole array, and again call_traits
+makes the degradation explicit. The value_type member is useful
+whenever an array must be explicitly degraded to a pointer - <a
+href="#ex3">Example 3</a> provides the test case (Footnote: the
+array specialisation for call_traits is the least well understood
+of all the call_traits specialisations, if the given semantics
+cause specific problems for you, or don't solve a particular
+array-related problem, then I would be interested to hear about
+it. Most people though will probably never need to use this
+specialisation).</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<p>Revised 01 September 2000</p>
+
+   <p>
+      Copyright 2000 Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard
+      Hinnant and John Maddock. <br/>
+      Use, modification and distribution are subject to the
+      Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+      (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt
+      or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
+         http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+      </a>).
+   </p>
+</body>
+</html>
+
--- a/call_traits_test.cpp
+++ b/call_traits_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,418 @@
+//  boost::compressed_pair test program   
+    
+//  (C) Copyright John Maddock 2000. 
+//  Use, modification and distribution are subject to the Boost Software License,
+//  Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt).
+
+
+// standalone test program for <boost/call_traits.hpp>
+// 18 Mar 2002:
+//    Changed some names to prevent conflicts with some new type_traits additions.
+// 03 Oct 2000:
+//    Enabled extra tests for VC6.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
+
+#include <libs/type_traits/test/test.hpp>
+#include <libs/type_traits/test/check_type.hpp>
+
+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+#pragma warning(disable:4181) // : warning C4181: qualifier applied to reference type; ignored
+#endif
+
+// a way prevent warnings for unused variables
+template<class T> inline void unused_variable(const T&) {}
+
+//
+// struct contained models a type that contains a type (for example std::pair)
+// arrays are contained by value, and have to be treated as a special case:
+//
+template <class T>
+struct contained
+{
+   // define our typedefs first, arrays are stored by value
+   // so value_type is not the same as result_type:
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type       param_type;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::reference        reference;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference  const_reference;
+   typedef T                                                value_type;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::value_type       result_type;
+
+   // stored value:
+   value_type v_;
+   
+   // constructors:
+   contained() {}
+   contained(param_type p) : v_(p){}
+   // return byval:
+   result_type value()const { return v_; }
+   // return by_ref:
+   reference get() { return v_; }
+   const_reference const_get()const { return v_; }
+   // pass value:
+   void call(param_type){}
+private:
+   contained& operator=(const contained&);
+};
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+template <class T, std::size_t N>
+struct contained<T[N]>
+{
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::param_type       param_type;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::reference        reference;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::const_reference  const_reference;
+   typedef T                                                   value_type[N];
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::value_type       result_type;
+
+   value_type v_;
+
+   contained(param_type p)
+   {
+      std::copy(p, p+N, v_);
+   }
+   // return byval:
+   result_type value()const { return v_; }
+   // return by_ref:
+   reference get() { return v_; }
+   const_reference const_get()const { return v_; }
+   void call(param_type){}
+private:
+   contained& operator=(const contained&);
+};
+#endif
+
+template <class T>
+contained<typename boost::call_traits<T>::value_type> test_wrap_type(const T& t)
+{
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::value_type ct;
+   return contained<ct>(t);
+}
+
+namespace test{
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+std::pair<
+   typename boost::call_traits<T1>::value_type,
+   typename boost::call_traits<T2>::value_type>
+      make_pair(const T1& t1, const T2& t2)
+{
+   return std::pair<
+      typename boost::call_traits<T1>::value_type,
+      typename boost::call_traits<T2>::value_type>(t1, t2);
+}
+
+} // namespace test
+
+using namespace std;
+
+//
+// struct call_traits_checker:
+// verifies behaviour of contained example:
+//
+template <class T>
+struct call_traits_checker
+{
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type param_type;
+   void operator()(param_type);
+};
+
+template <class T>
+void call_traits_checker<T>::operator()(param_type p)
+{
+   T t(p);
+   contained<T> c(t);
+   cout << "checking contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">..." << endl;
+   BOOST_CHECK(t == c.value());
+   BOOST_CHECK(t == c.get());
+   BOOST_CHECK(t == c.const_get());
+#ifndef __ICL
+   //cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::v_ is:           " << typeid(&contained<T>::v_).name() << endl;
+   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::value() is:      " << typeid(&contained<T>::value).name() << endl;
+   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::get() is:        " << typeid(&contained<T>::get).name() << endl;
+   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::const_get() is:  " << typeid(&contained<T>::const_get).name() << endl;
+   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::call() is:       " << typeid(&contained<T>::call).name() << endl;
+   cout << endl;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+template <class T, std::size_t N>
+struct call_traits_checker<T[N]>
+{
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::param_type param_type;
+   void operator()(param_type t)
+   {
+      contained<T[N]> c(t);
+      cout << "checking contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">..." << endl;
+      unsigned int i = 0;
+      for(i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+         BOOST_CHECK(t[i] == c.value()[i]);
+      for(i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+         BOOST_CHECK(t[i] == c.get()[i]);
+      for(i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+         BOOST_CHECK(t[i] == c.const_get()[i]);
+
+      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::v_ is:         " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::v_).name() << endl;
+      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::value is:      " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::value).name() << endl;
+      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::get is:        " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::get).name() << endl;
+      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::const_get is:  " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::const_get).name() << endl;
+      cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T[N]).name() << ">::call is:       " << typeid(&contained<T[N]>::call).name() << endl;
+      cout << endl;
+   }
+};
+#endif
+
+//
+// check_wrap:
+template <class W, class U>
+void check_wrap(const W& w, const U& u)
+{
+   cout << "checking " << typeid(W).name() << "..." << endl;
+   BOOST_CHECK(w.value() == u);
+}
+
+//
+// check_make_pair:
+// verifies behaviour of "make_pair":
+//
+template <class T, class U, class V>
+void check_make_pair(T c, U u, V v)
+{
+   cout << "checking std::pair<" << typeid(c.first).name() << ", " << typeid(c.second).name() << ">..." << endl;
+   BOOST_CHECK(c.first == u);
+   BOOST_CHECK(c.second == v);
+   cout << endl;
+}
+
+
+struct comparible_UDT
+{
+   int i_;
+   comparible_UDT() : i_(2){}
+   comparible_UDT(const comparible_UDT& other) : i_(other.i_){}
+   comparible_UDT& operator=(const comparible_UDT& other)
+   { 
+      i_ = other.i_;
+      return *this;
+   }
+   bool operator == (const comparible_UDT& v){ return v.i_ == i_; }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+   call_traits_checker<comparible_UDT> c1;
+   comparible_UDT u;
+   c1(u);
+   call_traits_checker<int> c2;
+   call_traits_checker<enum_UDT> c2b;
+   int i = 2;
+   c2(i);
+   c2b(one);
+   int* pi = &i;
+   int a[2] = {1,2};
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES) && !defined(__ICL)
+   call_traits_checker<int*> c3;
+   c3(pi);
+   call_traits_checker<int&> c4;
+   c4(i);
+   call_traits_checker<const int&> c5;
+   c5(i);
+#if !defined (BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION) && !defined(__MWERKS__) && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+   call_traits_checker<int[2]> c6;
+   c6(a);
+#endif
+#endif
+
+   check_wrap(test_wrap_type(2), 2);
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION) && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+   check_wrap(test_wrap_type(a), a);
+   check_make_pair(test::make_pair(a, a), a, a);
+#endif
+
+   // cv-qualifiers applied to reference types should have no effect
+   // declare these here for later use with is_reference and remove_reference:
+   typedef int& r_type;
+   typedef const r_type cr_type;
+
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(comparible_UDT, boost::call_traits<comparible_UDT>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(comparible_UDT&, boost::call_traits<comparible_UDT>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const comparible_UDT&, boost::call_traits<comparible_UDT>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const comparible_UDT&, boost::call_traits<comparible_UDT>::param_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int, boost::call_traits<int>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int&, boost::call_traits<int>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int&, boost::call_traits<int>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int, boost::call_traits<int>::param_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int*, boost::call_traits<int*>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int*&, boost::call_traits<int*>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int*const&, boost::call_traits<int*>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int*const, boost::call_traits<int*>::param_type);
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES)
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::param_type);
+#if !(defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ < 3) || (__GNUC__ == 3) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ < 1)))
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::param_type);
+#else
+   std::cout << "Your compiler cannot instantiate call_traits<int&const>, skipping four tests (4 errors)" << std::endl;
+#endif
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::param_type);
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int*, boost::call_traits<int[3]>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<int[3]>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<int[3]>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int*const, boost::call_traits<int[3]>::param_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int*, boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const int*const, boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::param_type);
+   // test with abstract base class:
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(test_abc1, boost::call_traits<test_abc1>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(test_abc1&, boost::call_traits<test_abc1>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const test_abc1&, boost::call_traits<test_abc1>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const test_abc1&, boost::call_traits<test_abc1>::param_type);
+#else
+   std::cout << "You're compiler does not support partial template specialiation, skipping 8 tests (8 errors)" << std::endl;
+#endif
+#else
+   std::cout << "You're compiler does not support partial template specialiation, skipping 20 tests (20 errors)" << std::endl;
+#endif
+   // test with an incomplete type:
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(incomplete_type, boost::call_traits<incomplete_type>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(incomplete_type&, boost::call_traits<incomplete_type>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const incomplete_type&, boost::call_traits<incomplete_type>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const incomplete_type&, boost::call_traits<incomplete_type>::param_type);
+   // test enum:
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(enum_UDT, boost::call_traits<enum_UDT>::value_type);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(enum_UDT&, boost::call_traits<enum_UDT>::reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const enum_UDT&, boost::call_traits<enum_UDT>::const_reference);
+   BOOST_CHECK_TYPE(const enum_UDT, boost::call_traits<enum_UDT>::param_type);
+   return 0;
+}
+
+//
+// define call_traits tests to check that the assertions in the docs do actually work
+// this is an compile-time only set of tests:
+//
+template <typename T, bool isarray = false>
+struct call_traits_test
+{
+   typedef ::boost::call_traits<T> ct;
+   typedef typename ct::param_type param_type;
+   typedef typename ct::reference reference;
+   typedef typename ct::const_reference const_reference;
+   typedef typename ct::value_type value_type;
+   static void assert_construct(param_type val);
+};
+
+template <typename T, bool isarray>
+void call_traits_test<T, isarray>::assert_construct(typename call_traits_test<T, isarray>::param_type val)
+{
+   //
+   // this is to check that the call_traits assertions are valid:
+   T t(val);
+   value_type v(t);
+   reference r(t);
+   const_reference cr(t);
+   param_type p(t);
+   value_type v2(v);
+   value_type v3(r);
+   value_type v4(p);
+   reference r2(v);
+   reference r3(r);
+   const_reference cr2(v);
+   const_reference cr3(r);
+   const_reference cr4(cr);
+   const_reference cr5(p);
+   param_type p2(v);
+   param_type p3(r);
+   param_type p4(p);
+   
+   unused_variable(v2);
+   unused_variable(v3);
+   unused_variable(v4);
+   unused_variable(r2);
+   unused_variable(r3);
+   unused_variable(cr2);
+   unused_variable(cr3);
+   unused_variable(cr4);
+   unused_variable(cr5);
+   unused_variable(p2);
+   unused_variable(p3);
+   unused_variable(p4);
+}
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+template <typename T>
+struct call_traits_test<T, true>
+{
+   typedef ::boost::call_traits<T> ct;
+   typedef typename ct::param_type param_type;
+   typedef typename ct::reference reference;
+   typedef typename ct::const_reference const_reference;
+   typedef typename ct::value_type value_type;
+   static void assert_construct(param_type val);
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+void call_traits_test<T, true>::assert_construct(typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val)
+{
+   //
+   // this is to check that the call_traits assertions are valid:
+   T t;
+   value_type v(t);
+   value_type v5(val);
+   reference r = t;
+   const_reference cr = t;
+   reference r2 = r;
+   #ifndef __BORLANDC__
+   // C++ Builder buglet:
+   const_reference cr2 = r;
+   #endif
+   param_type p(t);
+   value_type v2(v);
+   const_reference cr3 = cr;
+   value_type v3(r);
+   value_type v4(p);
+   param_type p2(v);
+   param_type p3(r);
+   param_type p4(p);
+   
+   unused_variable(v2);
+   unused_variable(v3);
+   unused_variable(v4);
+   unused_variable(v5);
+#ifndef __BORLANDC__
+   unused_variable(r2);
+   unused_variable(cr2);
+#endif
+   unused_variable(cr3);
+   unused_variable(p2);
+   unused_variable(p3);
+   unused_variable(p4);
+}
+#endif //BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+//
+// now check call_traits assertions by instantiating call_traits_test:
+template struct call_traits_test<int>;
+template struct call_traits_test<const int>;
+template struct call_traits_test<int*>;
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES)
+template struct call_traits_test<int&>;
+template struct call_traits_test<const int&>;
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION) && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+template struct call_traits_test<int[2], true>;
+#endif
+#endif
+
--- a/checked_delete.html
+++ b/checked_delete.html
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; URL=../core/doc/html/core/checked_delete.html">
+<title>Automatic redirection</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+Automatic redirection failed, please go to
+<a href="../core/doc/html/core/checked_delete.html">checked_delete.html</a>.&nbsp;<hr>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001</p>
+<p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying 
+file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy 
+at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/compressed_pair.htm
+++ b/compressed_pair.htm
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+<!--
+Copyright 2014 Daniel James.
+Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+-->
+
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=doc/html/compressed_pair.html">
+</head>
+<body>
+Automatic redirection failed, please go to
+<a href="doc/html/compressed_pair.html">doc/html/compressed_pair.html</a>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/compressed_pair_test.cpp
+++ b/compressed_pair_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+//  boost::compressed_pair test program   
+    
+//  (C) Copyright John Maddock 2000. 
+//  Use, modification and distribution are subject to the Boost Software License,
+//  Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt).
+
+// standalone test program for <boost/compressed_pair.hpp>
+// Revised 03 Oct 2000: 
+//    Enabled tests for VC6.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#include <boost/compressed_pair.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/test_tools.hpp>
+
+using namespace boost;
+
+struct empty_UDT
+{
+   ~empty_UDT(){};
+   empty_UDT& operator=(const empty_UDT&){ return *this; }
+   bool operator==(const empty_UDT&)const
+   { return true; }
+};
+struct empty_POD_UDT
+{
+   empty_POD_UDT& operator=(const empty_POD_UDT&){ return *this; }
+   bool operator==(const empty_POD_UDT&)const
+   { return true; }
+};
+
+struct non_empty1
+{ 
+   int i;
+   non_empty1() : i(1){}
+   non_empty1(int v) : i(v){}
+   friend bool operator==(const non_empty1& a, const non_empty1& b)
+   { return a.i == b.i; }
+};
+
+struct non_empty2
+{ 
+   int i;
+   non_empty2() : i(3){}
+   non_empty2(int v) : i(v){}
+   friend bool operator==(const non_empty2& a, const non_empty2& b)
+   { return a.i == b.i; }
+};
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+using std::swap;
+#endif
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4)
+{
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+   // gcc 2.90 can't cope with function scope using
+   // declarations, and generates an internal compiler error...
+   using std::swap;
+#endif
+   // default construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp1;
+   // first param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp2(p1);
+   cp2.second() = p2;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp2.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp2.second() == p2);
+   // second param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp3(p2);
+   cp3.first() = p1;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp3.second() == p2);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp3.first() == p1);
+   // both param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp4(p1, p2);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.second() == p2);
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp5(p3, p4);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp5.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp5.second() == p4);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp4;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.second() == p2);
+
+   // copy construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp6(cp4);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp6.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp6.second() == p2);
+   // assignment:
+   cp1 = cp4;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp1.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp1.second() == p2);
+   cp1 = cp5;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp1.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp1.second() == p4);
+   // swap:
+   cp4.swap(cp5);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.second() == p4);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp5.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp5.second() == p2);
+   swap(cp4,cp5);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.second() == p2);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp5.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp5.second() == p4);
+}
+
+//
+// tests for case where one or both 
+// parameters are reference types:
+//
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_reference_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_reference_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4)
+{
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+   // gcc 2.90 can't cope with function scope using
+   // declarations, and generates an internal compiler error...
+   using std::swap;
+#endif
+   // both param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp4(p1, p2);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.second() == p2);
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp5(p3, p4);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp5.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp5.second() == p4);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp4;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.second() == p2);
+
+   // copy construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp6(cp4);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp6.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp6.second() == p2);
+   // assignment:
+   // VC6 bug:
+   // When second() is an empty class, VC6 performs the
+   // assignment by doing a memcpy - even though the empty
+   // class is really a zero sized base class, the result
+   // is that the memory of first() gets trampled over.
+   // Similar arguments apply to the case that first() is 
+   // an empty base class.
+   // Strangely the problem is dependent upon the compiler
+   // settings - some generate the problem others do not.
+   cp4.first() = p3;
+   cp4.second() = p4;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp4.second() == p4);
+}
+//
+// supplimentary tests for case where first arg only is a reference type:
+//
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_reference1_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_reference1_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type, second_param_type)
+{
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+   // first param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp2(p1);
+   cp2.second() = p2;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp2.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp2.second() == p2);
+#endif
+}
+//
+// supplimentary tests for case where second arg only is a reference type:
+//
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_reference2_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_reference2_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type, second_param_type)
+{
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+   // second param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp3(p2);
+   cp3.first() = p1;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp3.second() == p2);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp3.first() == p1);
+#endif
+}
+
+//
+// tests for where one or the other parameter is an array:
+//
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_array1_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_array1_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type, second_param_type)
+{
+  // default construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp1;
+   // second param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp3(p2);
+   cp3.first()[0] = p1[0];
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp3.second() == p2);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp3.first()[0] == p1[0]);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp3;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.first()[0] == p1[0]);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.second() == p2);
+
+   BOOST_CHECK(sizeof(T1) == sizeof(cp1.first()));
+}
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_array2_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_array2_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type, second_param_type)
+{
+   // default construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp1;
+   // first param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp2(p1);
+   cp2.second()[0] = p2[0];
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp2.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp2.second()[0] == p2[0]);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp2;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.second()[0] == p2[0]);
+
+   BOOST_CHECK(sizeof(T2) == sizeof(cp1.second()));
+}
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_array_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_array_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type, second_param_type)
+{
+   // default construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp1;
+   cp1.first()[0] = p1[0];
+   cp1.second()[0] = p2[0];
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp1.first()[0] == p1[0]);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cp1.second()[0] == p2[0]);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp1;
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.first()[0] == p1[0]);
+   BOOST_CHECK(cpr1.second()[0] == p2[0]);
+
+   BOOST_CHECK(sizeof(T1) == sizeof(cp1.first()));
+   BOOST_CHECK(sizeof(T2) == sizeof(cp1.second()));
+}
+
+int test_main(int, char *[])
+{
+   // declare some variables to pass to the tester:
+   non_empty1 ne1(2);
+   non_empty1 ne2(3);
+   non_empty2 ne3(4);
+   non_empty2 ne4(5);
+   empty_POD_UDT  e1;
+   empty_UDT      e2;
+
+   // T1 != T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<non_empty1,non_empty2>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   // T1 != T2, T2 empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<non_empty1,empty_POD_UDT>::test(ne1, e1, ne2, e1);
+   // T1 != T2, T1 empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<empty_POD_UDT,non_empty2>::test(e1, ne3, e1, ne4);
+   // T1 != T2, both empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<empty_POD_UDT,empty_UDT>::test(e1, e2, e1, e2);
+   // T1 == T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<non_empty1,non_empty1>::test(ne1, ne1, ne2, ne2);
+   // T1 == T2, both empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<empty_UDT,empty_UDT>::test(e2, e2, e2, e2);
+
+
+   // test references:
+
+   // T1 != T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<non_empty1&,non_empty2>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<non_empty1,non_empty2&>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_reference1_tester<non_empty1&,non_empty2>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_reference2_tester<non_empty1,non_empty2&>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   // T1 != T2, T2 empty
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<non_empty1&,empty_POD_UDT>::test(ne1, e1, ne2, e1);
+   compressed_pair_reference1_tester<non_empty1&,empty_POD_UDT>::test(ne1, e1, ne2, e1);
+   // T1 != T2, T1 empty
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<empty_POD_UDT,non_empty2&>::test(e1, ne3, e1, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_reference2_tester<empty_POD_UDT,non_empty2&>::test(e1, ne3, e1, ne4);
+   // T1 == T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<non_empty1&,non_empty1&>::test(ne1, ne1, ne2, ne2);
+
+   // tests arrays:
+   non_empty1 nea1[2];
+   non_empty1 nea2[2];
+   non_empty2 nea3[2];
+   non_empty2 nea4[2];
+   nea1[0] = non_empty1(5);
+   nea2[0] = non_empty1(6);
+   nea3[0] = non_empty2(7);
+   nea4[0] = non_empty2(8);
+   
+   // T1 != T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_array1_tester<non_empty1[2],non_empty2>::test(nea1, ne3, nea2, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_array2_tester<non_empty1,non_empty2[2]>::test(ne1, nea3, ne2, nea4);
+   compressed_pair_array_tester<non_empty1[2],non_empty2[2]>::test(nea1, nea3, nea2, nea4);
+   // T1 != T2, T2 empty
+   compressed_pair_array1_tester<non_empty1[2],empty_POD_UDT>::test(nea1, e1, nea2, e1);
+   // T1 != T2, T1 empty
+   compressed_pair_array2_tester<empty_POD_UDT,non_empty2[2]>::test(e1, nea3, e1, nea4);
+   // T1 == T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_array_tester<non_empty1[2],non_empty1[2]>::test(nea1, nea1, nea2, nea2);
+   return 0;
+}
+
+
+unsigned int expected_failures = 0;
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/doc/Jamfile.v2
+++ b/doc/Jamfile.v2
@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+
+# Copyright John Maddock 2005. Use, modification, and distribution are
+# subject to the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+# file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+project : requirements
+        # Path for links to Boost:
+        <xsl:param>boost.root=../../../..
+
+        # Some general style settings:
+        <xsl:param>table.footnote.number.format=1
+        <xsl:param>footnote.number.format=1
+
+        # HTML options first:
+        # Use graphics not text for navigation:
+        <xsl:param>navig.graphics=1
+       # PDF Options:
+        # TOC Generation: this is needed for FOP-0.9 and later:
+        <xsl:param>fop1.extensions=0
+        <xsl:param>xep.extensions=1
+        # TOC generation: this is needed for FOP 0.2, but must not be set to zero for FOP-0.9!
+        <xsl:param>fop.extensions=0
+        # No indent on body text:
+        <xsl:param>body.start.indent=0pt
+        # Margin size:
+        <xsl:param>page.margin.inner=0.5in
+        # Margin size:
+        <xsl:param>page.margin.outer=0.5in
+        # Paper type = A4
+        <xsl:param>paper.type=A4
+        # Yes, we want graphics for admonishments:
+        <xsl:param>admon.graphics=1
+        # Set this one for PDF generation *only*:
+        # default pnd graphics are awful in PDF form,
+        # better use SVG's instead:
+        <format>pdf:<xsl:param>admon.graphics.extension=".svg"
+        <format>pdf:<xsl:param>admon.graphics.path=$(boost-images)/
+        <format>pdf:<xsl:param>boost.url.prefix=http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/release/libs/utility/doc/html
+;
+
+using quickbook ;
+
+path-constant boost-images : ../../../doc/src/images ;
+
+xml base_from_member : base_from_member.qbk ;
+boostbook standalone_base_from_member
+    :
+        base_from_member
+    :
+        # File name of HTML output:
+        <xsl:param>root.filename=base_from_member
+        # How far down we chunk nested sections, basically all of them:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.section.depth=0
+        # Don't put the first section on the same page as the TOC:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.first.sections=0
+        # How far down sections get TOC's
+        <xsl:param>toc.section.depth=1
+        # Max depth in each TOC:
+        <xsl:param>toc.max.depth=1
+        # How far down we go with TOC's
+        <xsl:param>generate.section.toc.level=1
+     ;
+
+xml compressed_pair : compressed_pair.qbk ;
+boostbook standalone_compressed_pair
+    :
+        compressed_pair
+    :
+        # File name of HTML output:
+        <xsl:param>root.filename=compressed_pair
+        # How far down we chunk nested sections, basically all of them:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.section.depth=0
+        # Don't put the first section on the same page as the TOC:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.first.sections=0
+        # How far down sections get TOC's
+        <xsl:param>toc.section.depth=1
+        # Max depth in each TOC:
+        <xsl:param>toc.max.depth=1
+        # How far down we go with TOC's
+        <xsl:param>generate.section.toc.level=1
+     ;
+
+xml declval : declval.qbk ;
+boostbook standalone_declval
+    :
+        declval
+    :
+        # File name of HTML output:
+        <xsl:param>root.filename=declval
+        # How far down we chunk nested sections, basically all of them:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.section.depth=0
+        # Don't put the first section on the same page as the TOC:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.first.sections=0
+        # How far down sections get TOC's
+        <xsl:param>toc.section.depth=1
+        # Max depth in each TOC:
+        <xsl:param>toc.max.depth=1
+        # How far down we go with TOC's
+        <xsl:param>generate.section.toc.level=1
+     ;
+
+xml string_ref : string_ref.qbk ;
+boostbook standalone_string_ref
+    :
+        string_ref
+    :
+        # File name of HTML output:
+        <xsl:param>root.filename=string_ref
+        # How far down we chunk nested sections, basically all of them:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.section.depth=0
+        # Don't put the first section on the same page as the TOC:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.first.sections=0
+        # How far down sections get TOC's
+        <xsl:param>toc.section.depth=1
+        # Max depth in each TOC:
+        <xsl:param>toc.max.depth=1
+        # How far down we go with TOC's
+        <xsl:param>generate.section.toc.level=1
+     ;
+
+xml string_view : string_view.qbk ;
+boostbook standalone_string_view
+    :
+        string_view
+    :
+        # File name of HTML output:
+        <xsl:param>root.filename=string_view
+        # How far down we chunk nested sections, basically all of them:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.section.depth=0
+        # Don't put the first section on the same page as the TOC:
+        <xsl:param>chunk.first.sections=0
+        # How far down sections get TOC's
+        <xsl:param>toc.section.depth=1
+        # Max depth in each TOC:
+        <xsl:param>toc.max.depth=1
+        # How far down we go with TOC's
+        <xsl:param>generate.section.toc.level=1
+     ;
--- a/doc/base_from_member.qbk
+++ b/doc/base_from_member.qbk
@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+[/
+  Copyright 2001, 2003, 2004, 2012 Daryle Walker.
+
+  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+
+  See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt
+  or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+]
+
+[article Base_From_Member
+    [quickbook 1.5]
+    [authors [Walker, Daryle]]
+    [copyright 2001, 2003, 2004, 2012 Daryle Walker]
+    [license
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+        (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+        [@http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt])
+    ]
+]
+
+[section Rationale]
+
+When developing a class, sometimes a base class needs to be initialized
+with a member of the current class. As a na\u00EFve example:
+
+    #include <streambuf>  /* for std::streambuf */
+    #include <ostream>    /* for std::ostream */
+
+    class fdoutbuf
+      : public std::streambuf
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit fdoutbuf( int fd );
+        //...
+    };
+
+    class fdostream
+      : public std::ostream
+    {
+    protected:
+        fdoutbuf buf;
+    public:
+        explicit fdostream( int fd )
+          : buf( fd ), std::ostream( &buf ) {}
+        //...
+    };
+
+This is undefined because C++'s initialization order mandates that the base
+class is initialized before the member it uses. [@http://www.moocat.org R.
+Samuel Klatchko] developed a way around this by using the initialization
+order in his favor. Base classes are intialized in order of declaration, so
+moving the desired member to another base class, that is initialized before
+the desired base class, can ensure proper initialization.
+
+A custom base class can be made for this idiom:
+
+    #include <streambuf>  /* for std::streambuf */
+    #include <ostream>    /* for std::ostream */
+
+    class fdoutbuf
+      : public std::streambuf
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit fdoutbuf( int fd );
+        //...
+    };
+
+    struct fdostream_pbase
+    {
+        fdoutbuf sbuffer;
+
+        explicit fdostream_pbase( int fd )
+          : sbuffer( fd ) {}
+    };
+
+    class fdostream
+      : private fdostream_pbase
+      , public std::ostream
+    {
+        typedef fdostream_pbase  pbase_type;
+        typedef std::ostream     base_type;
+
+    public:
+        explicit fdostream( int fd )
+          : pbase_type( fd ), base_type( &sbuffer ) {}
+        //...
+    };
+
+Other projects can use similar custom base classes. The technique is basic
+enough to make a template, with a sample template class in this library.
+The main template parameter is the type of the enclosed member. The
+template class has several (explicit) constructor member templates, which
+implicitly type the constructor arguments and pass them to the member. The
+template class uses implicit copy construction and assignment, cancelling
+them if the enclosed member is non-copyable.
+
+Manually coding a base class may be better if the construction and/or
+copying needs are too complex for the supplied template class, or if the
+compiler is not advanced enough to use it.
+
+Since base classes are unnamed, a class cannot have multiple (direct) base
+classes of the same type. The supplied template class has an extra template
+parameter, an integer, that exists solely to provide type differentiation.
+This parameter has a default value so a single use of a particular member
+type does not need to concern itself with the integer.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Synopsis]
+
+    #include <type_traits>  /* exposition only */
+
+    #ifndef BOOST_BASE_FROM_MEMBER_MAX_ARITY
+    #define BOOST_BASE_FROM_MEMBER_MAX_ARITY  10
+    #endif
+
+    template < typename MemberType, int UniqueID = 0 >
+    class boost::base_from_member
+    {
+    protected:
+        MemberType  member;
+
+    #if ``['C++11 is in use]``
+        template< typename ...T >
+        explicit constexpr   base_from_member( T&& ...x )
+         noexcept( std::is_nothrow_constructible<MemberType, T...>::value );
+    #else
+        base_from_member();
+
+        template< typename T1 >
+        explicit  base_from_member( T1 x1 );
+
+        template< typename T1, typename T2 >
+        base_from_member( T1 x1, T2 x2 );
+
+        //...
+
+        template< typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4,
+         typename T5, typename T6, typename T7, typename T8, typename T9,
+         typename T10 >
+        base_from_member( T1 x1, T2 x2, T3 x3, T4 x4, T5 x5, T6 x6, T7 x7,
+         T8 x8, T9 x9, T10 x10 );
+    #endif
+    };
+
+    template < typename MemberType, int UniqueID >
+    class base_from_member<MemberType&, UniqueID>
+    {
+    protected:
+        MemberType& member;
+
+        explicit constexpr base_from_member( MemberType& x )
+            noexcept;
+    };
+
+The class template has a first template parameter `MemberType` representing
+the type of the based-member. It has a last template parameter `UniqueID`,
+that is an `int`, to differentiate between multiple base classes that use
+the same based-member type. The last template parameter has a default value
+of zero if it is omitted. The class template has a protected data member
+called `member` that the derived class can use for later base classes (or
+itself).
+
+If the appropriate features of C++11 are present, there will be a single
+constructor template. It implements ['perfect forwarding] to the best
+constructor call of `member` (if any). The constructor template is marked
+both `constexpr` and `explicit`. The former will be ignored if the
+corresponding inner constructor call (of `member`) does not have the marker.
+The latter binds the other way; always taking effect, even when the inner
+constructor call does not have the marker. The constructor template
+propagates the `noexcept` status of the inner constructor call. (The
+constructor template has a trailing parameter with a default value that
+disables the template when its signature is too close to the signatures of
+the automatically-defined non-template copy- and/or move-constructors of
+`base_from_member`.)
+
+On earlier-standard compilers, there is a default constructor and several
+constructor member templates. These constructor templates can take as many
+arguments (currently up to ten) as possible and pass them to a constructor
+of the data member.
+
+A specialization for member references offers a single constructor taking
+a `MemberType&`, which is the only way to initialize a reference.
+
+Since C++ does not allow any way to explicitly state the template parameters
+of a templated constructor, make sure that the arguments are already close
+as possible to the actual type used in the data member's desired constructor.
+Explicit conversions may be necessary.
+
+The `BOOST_BASE_FROM_MEMBER_MAX_ARITY` macro constant specifies the maximum
+argument length for the constructor templates. The constant may be overridden
+if more (or less) argument configurations are needed. The constant may be
+read for code that is expandable like the class template and needs to
+maintain the same maximum size. (Example code would be a class that uses
+this class template as a base class for a member with a flexible set of
+constructors.) This constant is ignored when C++11 features are present.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Usage]
+
+With the starting example, the `fdoutbuf` sub-object needs to be
+encapsulated in a base class that is inheirited before `std::ostream`.
+
+    #include <boost/utility/base_from_member.hpp>
+
+    #include <streambuf>  // for std::streambuf
+    #include <ostream>    // for std::ostream
+
+    class fdoutbuf
+      : public std::streambuf
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit fdoutbuf( int fd );
+        //...
+    };
+
+    class fdostream
+      : private boost::base_from_member<fdoutbuf>
+      , public std::ostream
+    {
+        // Helper typedef's
+        typedef boost::base_from_member<fdoutbuf>  pbase_type;
+        typedef std::ostream                        base_type;
+
+    public:
+        explicit fdostream( int fd )
+          : pbase_type( fd ), base_type( &member ){}
+        //...
+    };
+
+The base-from-member idiom is an implementation detail, so it should not
+be visible to the clients (or any derived classes) of `fdostream`. Due to
+the initialization order, the `fdoutbuf` sub-object will get initialized
+before the `std::ostream` sub-object does, making the former sub-object
+safe to use in the latter sub-object's construction. Since the `fdoutbuf`
+sub-object of the final type is the only sub-object with the name `member`
+that name can be used unqualified within the final class.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Example]
+
+The base-from-member class templates should commonly involve only one
+base-from-member sub-object, usually for attaching a stream-buffer to an
+I/O stream. The next example demonstrates how to use multiple
+base-from-member sub-objects and the resulting qualification issues.
+
+    #include <boost/utility/base_from_member.hpp>
+
+    #include <cstddef>  /* for NULL */
+
+    struct an_int
+    {
+        int  y;
+
+        an_int( float yf );
+    };
+
+    class switcher
+    {
+    public:
+        switcher();
+        switcher( double, int * );
+        //...
+    };
+
+    class flow_regulator
+    {
+    public:
+        flow_regulator( switcher &, switcher & );
+        //...
+    };
+
+    template < unsigned Size >
+    class fan
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit fan( switcher );
+        //...
+    };
+
+    class system
+      : private boost::base_from_member<an_int>
+      , private boost::base_from_member<switcher>
+      , private boost::base_from_member<switcher, 1>
+      , private boost::base_from_member<switcher, 2>
+      , protected flow_regulator
+      , public fan<6>
+    {
+        // Helper typedef's
+        typedef boost::base_from_member<an_int>       pbase0_type;
+        typedef boost::base_from_member<switcher>     pbase1_type;
+        typedef boost::base_from_member<switcher, 1>  pbase2_type;
+        typedef boost::base_from_member<switcher, 2>  pbase3_type;
+
+        typedef flow_regulator  base1_type;
+        typedef fan<6>          base2_type;
+
+    public:
+        system( double x );
+        //...
+    };
+
+    system::system( double x )
+      : pbase0_type( 0.2 )
+      , pbase1_type()
+      , pbase2_type( -16, &this->pbase0_type::member.y )
+      , pbase3_type( x, static_cast<int *>(NULL) )
+      , base1_type( pbase3_type::member, pbase1_type::member )
+      , base2_type( pbase2_type::member )
+    {
+        //...
+    }
+
+The final class has multiple sub-objects with the name `member`, so any
+use of that name needs qualification by a name of the appropriate base
+type. (Using `typedef`s ease mentioning the base types.) However, the fix
+introduces a new problem when a pointer is needed. Using the address
+operator with a sub-object qualified with its class's name results in a
+pointer-to-member (here, having a type of `an_int boost::base_from_member<
+an_int, 0> :: *`) instead of a pointer to the member (having a type of
+`an_int *`). The new problem is fixed by qualifying the sub-object with
+`this->` and is needed just for pointers, and not for references or values.
+
+There are some argument conversions in the initialization. The constructor
+argument for `pbase0_type` is converted from `double` to `float`. The first
+constructor argument for `pbase2_type` is converted from `int` to `double`.
+The second constructor argument for `pbase3_type` is a special case of
+necessary conversion; all forms of the null-pointer literal in C++ (except
+`nullptr` from C++11) also look like compile-time integral expressions, so
+C++ always interprets such code as an integer when it has overloads that can
+take either an integer or a pointer. The last conversion is necessary for the
+compiler to call a constructor form with the exact pointer type used in
+`switcher`'s constructor. (If C++11's `nullptr` is used, it still needs a
+conversion if multiple pointer types can be accepted in a constructor call
+but `std::nullptr_t` cannot.)
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Acknowledgments]
+
+* [@http://www.boost.org/people/ed_brey.htm Ed Brey] suggested some interface
+changes.
+
+* [@http://www.moocat.org R. Samuel Klatchko] ([@mailto:rsk@moocat.org
+rsk@moocat.org], [@mailto:rsk@brightmail.com rsk@brightmail.com]) invented
+the idiom of how to use a class member for initializing a base class.
+
+* [@http://www.boost.org/people/dietmar_kuehl.htm Dietmar Kuehl] popularized the
+ base-from-member idiom in his [@http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/~kuehl/c++/iostream/
+  IOStream example classes].
+
+* Jonathan Turkanis supplied an implementation of generating the constructor
+templates that can be controlled and automated with macros. The
+implementation uses the [@../../../preprocessor/index.html Preprocessor library].
+
+* [@http://www.boost.org/people/daryle_walker.html">Daryle Walker] started the
+library. Contributed the test file [@../../base_from_member_test.cpp
+base_from_member_test.cpp].
+
+[endsect]
+
--- a/doc/compressed_pair.qbk
+++ b/doc/compressed_pair.qbk
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+[/
+  Copyright 2000 Beman Dawes & John Maddock.
+
+  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+
+  See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt
+  or copy at http://boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+]
+
+[article Compressed_Pair
+    [quickbook 1.5]
+    [authors [Cleary, Steve]]
+    [authors [Dawes, Beman]]
+    [authors [Hinnant, Howard]]
+    [authors [Maddock, John]]
+    [copyright 2000 Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant &amp; John Maddock]
+    [license
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+        (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+        [@http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt])
+    ]
+]
+
+[section Overview]
+
+All of the contents of `<boost/compressed_pair.hpp>` are defined inside
+`namespace boost`.
+
+The class `compressed_pair` is very similar to `std::pair`, but if either of
+the template arguments are empty classes, then the ['empty base-class
+optimisation] is applied to compress the size of the pair.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Synopsis]
+
+    template <class T1, class T2>
+    class compressed_pair
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+        typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+        typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+        typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+        typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
+        typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
+        typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
+        typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
+
+                 compressed_pair() : base() {}
+                 compressed_pair(first_param_type x, second_param_type y);
+        explicit compressed_pair(first_param_type x);
+        explicit compressed_pair(second_param_type y);
+
+        compressed_pair& operator=(const compressed_pair&);
+
+        first_reference       first();
+        first_const_reference first() const;
+
+        second_reference       second();
+        second_const_reference second() const;
+
+        void swap(compressed_pair& y);
+    };
+
+The two members of the pair can be accessed using the member functions
+`first()` and `second()`. Note that not all member functions can be
+instantiated for all template parameter types. In particular
+`compressed_pair` can be instantiated for reference and array types,
+however in these cases the range of constructors that can be used are
+limited. If types `T1` and `T2` are the same type, then there is only
+one version of the single-argument constructor, and this constructor
+initialises both values in the pair to the passed value.
+
+Note that if either member is a POD type, then that member is not
+zero-initialized by the `compressed_pair` default constructor: it's up
+to you to supply an initial value for these types if you want them to have
+a default value.
+
+Note that `compressed_pair` can not be instantiated if either of the
+template arguments is a union type, unless there is compiler support for
+`boost::is_union`, or if `boost::is_union` is specialised for the union
+type.
+
+Finally, a word of caution for Visual C++ 6 users: if either argument is an
+empty type, then assigning to that member will produce memory corruption,
+unless the empty type has a "do nothing" assignment operator defined. This
+is due to a bug in the way VC6 generates implicit assignment operators.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Acknowledgments]
+
+Based on contributions by Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant and
+John Maddock.
+
+Maintained by [@mailto:john@johnmaddock.co.uk John Maddock].
+
+[endsect]
--- a/doc/declval.qbk
+++ b/doc/declval.qbk
@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+[/
+ / Copyright (c) 2008 Howard Hinnant
+ / Copyright (c) 2009-20012 Vicente J. Botet Escriba
+ /
+ / Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ / file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ /]
+
+[article Declval
+    [quickbook 1.5]
+    [authors [Hinnant, Howard]]
+    [authors [Botet Escriba, Vicente J.]]
+    [copyright 2008 Howard Hinnant]
+    [copyright 2009-2012 Vicente J. Botet Escriba]
+    [license
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+        (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+        [@http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt])
+    ]
+]
+
+[/===============]
+[section Overview]
+[/===============]
+
+The motivation for `declval` was introduced in [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2009/n2958.html#Value N2958: 
+Moving Swap Forward]. Here follows a rewording of this chapter.
+
+With the provision of decltype, late-specified return types, and default template-arguments for function templates a 
+new generation of SFINAE patterns will emerge to at least partially compensate the lack of concepts on the C++0x timescale. 
+Using this technique, it is sometimes necessary to obtain an object of a known type in a non-using context, e.g. given the declaration 
+
+  template<class T>
+  T&& declval(); // not used
+  
+as part of the function template declaration 
+
+  template<class To, class From>
+  decltype(static_cast<To>(declval<From>())) convert(From&&);
+  
+or as part of a class template definition 
+
+  template<class> class result_of;
+
+  template<class Fn, class... ArgTypes>
+  struct result_of<Fn(ArgTypes...)> 
+  {
+    typedef decltype(declval<Fn>()(declval<ArgTypes>()...)) type;
+  };
+  
+The role of the function template declval() is a transformation of a type T into a value without using or evaluating this function. 
+The name is supposed to direct the reader's attention to the fact that the expression `declval<T>()` is an lvalue if and only if 
+T is an lvalue-reference, otherwise an rvalue. To extend the domain of this function we can do a bit better by changing its declaration to 
+
+  template<class T>
+  typename std::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval(); // not used
+  
+which ensures that we can also use cv void as template parameter. The careful reader might have noticed that `declval()` 
+already exists under the name create() as part of the definition of the semantics of the type trait is_convertible in the C++0x standard. 
+
+The provision of a new library component that allows the production of values in unevaluated expressions is considered 
+important to realize constrained templates in C++0x where concepts are not available. 
+This extremely light-weight function is expected to be part of the daily tool-box of the C++0x programmer. 
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+[/=================]
+[section:reference Reference ]
+[/=================]
+
+`#include <boost/utility/declval.hpp>`
+
+    namespace boost {
+
+        template <typename T>
+        typename add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval() noexcept; // as unevaluated operand
+
+    }  // namespace boost
+
+
+The library provides the function template declval to simplify the definition of expressions which occur as unevaluated operands.
+
+        template <typename T>
+        typename add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval();
+
+[*Remarks:] If this function is used, the program is ill-formed.
+
+[*Remarks:] The template parameter T of declval may be an incomplete type.
+
+[*Example:]
+
+    template <class To, class From>
+    decltype(static_cast<To>(declval<From>())) convert(From&&);
+
+Declares a function template convert which only participates in overloading if the type From can be explicitly converted to type To. 
+
+[endsect]
+
+[/===============]
+[section History]
+[/===============]
+
+[heading boost 1.50]
+
+Fixes:
+
+* [@http://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/6570 #6570] Adding noexcept to boost::declval.
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+
+
--- a/doc/html/string_view.html
+++ b/doc/html/string_view.html
@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII">
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+<td align="center"><a href="../../../../index.html">Home</a></td>
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+<hr>
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+<div class="titlepage">
+<div>
+<div><h2 class="title">
+<a name="string_view"></a>String_View</h2></div>
+<div><div class="authorgroup">
+<div class="author"><h3 class="author">
+<span class="firstname">Marshall</span> <span class="surname">Clow</span>
+</h3></div>
+<div class="author"><h3 class="author">
+<span class="firstname">Beman</span> <span class="surname">Dawes</span>
+</h3></div>
+</div></div>
+<div><p class="copyright">Copyright &#169; 2012 Marshall Clow</p></div>
+<div><p class="copyright">Copyright &#169; 2015 Beman Dawes</p></div>
+<div><div class="legalnotice">
+<a name="string_view.legal"></a><p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>
+      </p>
+</div></div>
+</div>
+<hr>
+</div>
+<div class="toc">
+<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
+<dl>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="string_view.html#string_view.overview">Overview</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="string_view.html#string_view.examples">Examples</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="string_view.html#string_view.reference">Reference </a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="string_view.html#string_view.compiler_support">Compiler Support</a></span></dt>
+<dt><span class="section"><a href="string_view.html#string_view.history">History</a></span></dt>
+</dl>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="string_view.overview"></a><a class="link" href="string_view.html#string_view.overview" title="Overview">Overview</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<p>
+      Boost.StringView is an implementation of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>
+      as specified in <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4480.html#string.view" target="_top">N4480:
+      ISO/IEC DTS 19568, Technical Specification - C++ Extensions for Library Fundamentals</a>.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      When you are parsing/processing strings from some external source, frequently
+      you want to pass a piece of text to a procedure for specialized processing.
+      The canonical way to do this is as a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span></code>,
+      but that has certain drawbacks:
+    </p>
+<p>
+      1) If you are processing a buffer of text (say a HTTP response or the contents
+      of a file), then you have to create the string from the text you want to pass,
+      which involves memory allocation and copying of data.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      2) if a routine receives a constant <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span></code>
+      and wants to pass a portion of that string to another routine, then it must
+      create a new string of that substring.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      3) A routine receives a constant <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span></code>
+      and wants to return a portion of the string, then it must create a new string
+      to return.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> is designed to
+      solve these efficiency problems. A <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>
+      is a read-only reference to a contiguous sequence of characters, and provides
+      much of the functionality of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span></code>.
+      A <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> is cheap to create,
+      copy and pass by value, because it does not actually own the storage that it
+      points to.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      A <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> is implemented
+      as a small struct that contains a pointer to the start of the character data
+      and a count. A <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>
+      is cheap to create and cheap to copy.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> acts as a container;
+      it includes all the methods that you would expect in a container, including
+      iteration support, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">operator</span> <span class="special">[]</span></code>,
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">at</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">size</span></code>.
+      It can be used with any of the iterator-based algorithms in the STL - as long
+      as you don't need to change the underlying data (<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">sort</span></code>
+      and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove</span></code>, for example, will
+      not work)
+    </p>
+<p>
+      Besides generic container functionality, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>
+      provides a subset of the interface of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span></code>.
+      This makes it easy to replace parameters of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">const</span>
+      <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
+      with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>. Like <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span></code>,
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> has a static member
+      variable named <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">npos</span></code> to denote
+      the result of failed searches, and to mean "the end".
+    </p>
+<p>
+      Because a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> does
+      not own the data that it "points to", it introduces lifetime issues
+      into code that uses it. The programmer must ensure that the data that a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> refers to exists as long as the
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> does.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      Note: The header actually contains a class template, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span></code>
+      and four typedefs:
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">traits</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">char_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">&gt;&gt;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>     <span class="identifier">string_view</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char16_t</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">u16string_view</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char32_t</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">u32string_view</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>  <span class="identifier">wstring_view</span><span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      So you can have views of strings of any of the four built-in character types
+      as well as strings of user-defined character-like type strings. For the sake
+      of simple exposition, we concentrate on <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>
+      (i.e. <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span></code> strings) in this documentation.
+    </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="string_view.examples"></a><a class="link" href="string_view.html#string_view.examples" title="Examples">Examples</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<p>
+      Integrating <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> into
+      your code is fairly simple. Wherever you pass a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">const</span>
+      <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
+      or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span></code> as a parameter, that's a candidate
+      for passing a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>.
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">extract_part</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">bar</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">bar</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">substr</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">3</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">extract_part</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="string">"ABCDEFG"</span> <span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">front</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="char">'C'</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="comment">/* do something */</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      Let's figure out what happens in this (contrived) example.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      First, a temporary string is created from the string literal <code class="computeroutput"><span class="string">"ABCDEFG"</span></code>, and it is passed (by reference)
+      to the routine <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extract_part</span></code>.
+      Then a second string is created in the call <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">substr</span></code>
+      and returned to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extract_part</span></code>
+      (this copy may be elided by RVO). Then <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extract_part</span></code>
+      returns that string back to the caller (again this copy may be elided). The
+      first temporary string is deallocated, and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">front</span></code>
+      is called on the second string, and then it is deallocated as well.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      Two <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span></code>s are created, and two copy operations.
+      That's (potentially) four memory allocations and deallocations, and the associated
+      copying of data.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      Now let's look at the same code with <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>:
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string_view</span> <span class="identifier">extract_part</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string_view</span> <span class="identifier">bar</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">bar</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">substr</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">3</span> <span class="special">);</span>
+    <span class="special">}</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">if</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">extract_part</span> <span class="special">(</span> <span class="string">"ABCDEFG"</span> <span class="special">).</span><span class="identifier">front</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="string">"C"</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="comment">/* do something */</span> <span class="special">}</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      No memory allocations. No copying of character data. No changes to the code
+      other than the types. There are two <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>s
+      created, and two <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code>s
+      copied, but those are cheap operations.
+    </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="string_view.reference"></a><a class="link" href="string_view.html#string_view.reference" title="Reference">Reference </a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<p>
+      The header file "string_view.hpp" defines a class template <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span></code>,
+      and four specializations - for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span></code>
+      / <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span></code> / <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char16_t</span></code>
+      / <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char32_t</span></code> .
+    </p>
+<p>
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">utility</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">string_view</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
+    </p>
+<p>
+      Types:
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">traits</span> <span class="identifier">traits_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span> <span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">pointer</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">const_pointer</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">reference</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">const_reference</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">const_pointer</span> <span class="identifier">const_iterator</span><span class="special">;</span>  <span class="comment">// implementation defined</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">const_iterator</span> <span class="identifier">iterator</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">reverse_iterator</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">const_iterator</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">const_reverse_iterator</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">const_reverse_iterator</span> <span class="identifier">reverse_iterator</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">ptrdiff_t</span> <span class="identifier">difference_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span><span class="special">(-</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">);</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      Construction and copying:
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="special">()</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>    <span class="comment">// Constructs empty string_view</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">rhs</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">=(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span><span class="identifier">rhs</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Allocator</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+  <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_string</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">traits</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Allocator</span><span class="special">&gt;&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// Ctor from std::string</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Ctor from NULL-terminated string</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">str</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">len</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// Ctor from pointer, length pair</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> does not define
+      a move constructor or a move-assignment operator because copying a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> is just as cheap as moving one
+      would be.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      Basic container-like functions:
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">size</span><span class="special">()</span>     <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">length</span><span class="special">()</span>   <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">max_size</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">empty</span><span class="special">()</span>         <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="comment">// All iterators are const_iterators</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">const_iterator</span>  <span class="identifier">begin</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">const_iterator</span> <span class="identifier">cbegin</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">const_iterator</span>    <span class="identifier">end</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">const_iterator</span>   <span class="identifier">cend</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">const_reverse_iterator</span>         <span class="identifier">rbegin</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">const_reverse_iterator</span>        <span class="identifier">crbegin</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">const_reverse_iterator</span>           <span class="identifier">rend</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">const_reverse_iterator</span>          <span class="identifier">crend</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      Access to the individual elements (all of which are const):
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">[](</span><span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">at</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">front</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">back</span><span class="special">()</span>  <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">data</span><span class="special">()</span>  <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span> <span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      Modifying the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">string_view</span></code> (but
+      not the underlying data):
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">clear</span><span class="special">();</span>  <span class="comment">// boost extension</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">remove_prefix</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">);</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">remove_suffix</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">);</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">swap</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      Searching:
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">charT</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">rfind</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">rfind</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">charT</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">rfind</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">rfind</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_first_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_first_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">charT</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_first_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_first_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_last_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_last_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">charT</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_last_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_last_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_first_not_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_first_not_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">charT</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_first_not_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_first_not_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_last_not_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_last_not_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">charT</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_NOEXCEPT</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_last_not_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">find_last_not_of</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">starts_with</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">charT</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span>                 <span class="comment">// boost extension</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">starts_with</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span>     <span class="comment">// boost extension</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">ends_with</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">charT</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span>                   <span class="comment">// boost extension</span>
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">ends_with</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span>       <span class="comment">// boost extension</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      String-like operations:
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Allocator</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>  <span class="comment">// Only present if compiler supports C++11 explicit conversion</span>
+  <span class="keyword">explicit</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">traits</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Allocator</span><span class="special">&gt;()</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Allocator</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">allocator</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">&gt;</span>  <span class="comment">// Default only present if compiler supports</span>
+  <span class="identifier">basic_string</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">traits</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Allocator</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>       <span class="comment">//   C++11 default template parameters</span>
+    <span class="identifier">to_string</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">Allocator</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">a</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">Allocator</span><span class="special">())</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">copy</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">charT</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR</span> <span class="identifier">basic_string_view</span> <span class="identifier">substr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">pos</span><span class="special">,</span>
+  <span class="identifier">size_type</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">npos</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">;</span> <span class="comment">// Create new string_view</span>
+</pre>
+<p>
+      Comparison:
+    </p>
+<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">To</span> <span class="identifier">be</span> <span class="identifier">supplied</span>
+</pre>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="string_view.compiler_support"></a><a class="link" href="string_view.html#string_view.compiler_support" title="Compiler Support">Compiler Support</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<p>
+      This Boost implementation only requires a C++03 compliant compiler.
+    </p>
+<p>
+      The actual Library Fundamentals specification assumes a C++14 compliant compiler,
+      so a few features are only present if actually supported by the compiler. Boost
+      macros such as BOOST_CONSTEXPR, BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR, and BOOST_NOEXCEPT supply
+      certain features if supported by the compiler.
+    </p>
+</div>
+<div class="section">
+<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
+<a name="string_view.history"></a><a class="link" href="string_view.html#string_view.history" title="History">History</a>
+</h2></div></div></div>
+<h4>
+<a name="string_view.history.h0"></a>
+      <span class="phrase"><a name="string_view.history.boost_1_53"></a></span><a class="link" href="string_view.html#string_view.history.boost_1_53">boost
+      1.53</a>
+    </h4>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+          Introduced, based on Jeffrey Yaskin's <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3442.html" target="_top">N3442:
+          string_ref: a non-owning reference to a string</a>
+        </li></ul></div>
+<h4>
+<a name="string_view.history.h1"></a>
+      <span class="phrase"><a name="string_view.history.boost_1_60"></a></span><a class="link" href="string_view.html#string_view.history.boost_1_60">boost
+      1.60</a>
+    </h4>
+<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "><li class="listitem">
+          Updated to reflect <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4480.html#string.view" target="_top">N4480:
+          ISO/IEC DTS 19568, Technical Specification - C++ Extensions for Library
+          Fundamentals</a>
+        </li></ul></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
+<td align="left"><p><small>Last revised: July 17, 2015 at 19:19:23 GMT</small></p></td>
+<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"></div></td>
+</tr></table>
+<hr>
+<div class="spirit-nav"></div>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/doc/string_ref.qbk
+++ b/doc/string_ref.qbk
@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+[/
+ / Copyright (c) 2012 Marshall Clow
+ /
+ / Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ / file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ /]
+
+[article String_Ref
+    [quickbook 1.5]
+    [authors [Clow, Marshall]]
+    [copyright 2012 Marshall Clow]
+    [license
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+        (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+        [@http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt])
+    ]
+]
+
+[/===============]
+[section Overview]
+[/===============]
+
+Boost.StringRef is an implementation of Jeffrey Yaskin's [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3442.html N3442:
+string_ref: a non-owning reference to a string]. 
+
+When you are parsing/processing strings from some external source, frequently you want to pass a piece of text to a procedure for specialized processing. The canonical way to do this is as a `std::string`, but that has certain drawbacks:
+
+1) If you are processing a buffer of text (say a HTTP response or the contents of a file), then you have to create the string from the text you want to pass, which involves memory allocation and copying of data.
+
+2) if a routine receives a constant `std::string` and wants to pass a portion of that string to another routine, then it must create a new string of that substring.
+
+3) A routine receives a constant `std::string` and wants to return a portion of the string, then it must create a new string to return.
+
+`string_ref` is designed to solve these efficiency problems. A `string_ref` is a read-only reference to a contiguous sequence of characters, and provides much of the functionality of `std::string`. A `string_ref` is cheap to create, copy and pass by value, because it does not actually own the storage that it points to. 
+
+A `string_ref` is implemented as a small struct that contains a pointer to the start of the character data and a count. A `string_ref` is cheap to create and cheap to copy.
+
+`string_ref` acts as a container; it includes all the methods that you would expect in a container, including iteration support, `operator []`, `at` and `size`. It can be used with any of the iterator-based algorithms in the STL - as long as you don't need to change the underlying data (`sort` and `remove`, for example, will not work)
+
+Besides generic container functionality, `string_ref` provides a subset of the interface of `std::string`. This makes it easy to replace parameters of type `const std::string &` with `boost::string_ref`. Like `std::string`, `string_ref` has a static member variable named `npos` to denote the result of failed searches, and to mean "the end".
+
+Because a `string_ref` does not own the data that it "points to", it introduces lifetime issues into code that uses it. The programmer must ensure that the data that a `string_ref` refers to exists as long as the `string_ref` does.
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+[/===============]
+[section Examples]
+[/===============]
+
+Integrating `string_ref` into your code is fairly simple. Wherever you pass a `const std::string &` or `std::string` as a parameter, that's a candidate for passing a `boost::string_ref`.
+
+    std::string extract_part ( const std::string &bar ) {
+        return bar.substr ( 2, 3 );
+        }
+        
+    if ( extract_part ( "ABCDEFG" ).front() == 'C' ) { /* do something */ }
+    
+Let's figure out what happens in this (contrived) example.
+
+First, a temporary string is created from the string literal `"ABCDEFG"`, and it is passed (by reference) to the routine `extract_part`. Then a second string is created in the call `std::string::substr` and returned to `extract_part` (this copy may be elided by RVO). Then `extract_part` returns that string back to the caller (again this copy may be elided). The first temporary string is deallocated, and `front` is called on the second string, and then it is deallocated as well.
+
+Two `std::string`s are created, and two copy operations. That's (potentially) four memory allocations and deallocations, and the associated copying of data.
+
+Now let's look at the same code with `string_ref`:
+
+    boost::string_ref extract_part ( boost::string_ref bar ) {
+        return bar.substr ( 2, 3 );
+        }
+        
+    if ( extract_part ( "ABCDEFG" ).front() == "C" ) { /* do something */ }
+
+No memory allocations. No copying of character data. No changes to the code other than the types. There are two `string_ref`s created, and two `string_ref`s copied, but those are cheap operations.
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+[/=================]
+[section:reference Reference ]
+[/=================]
+
+The header file "string_ref.hpp" defines a template `boost::basic_string_ref`, and four specializations - for `char` / `wchar_t` / `char16_t` / `char32_t` .
+
+`#include <boost/utility/string_ref.hpp>`
+
+Construction and copying:
+
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_ref ();    // Constructs an empty string_ref
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_ref(const charT* str); // Constructs from a NULL-terminated string
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_ref(const charT* str, size_type len); // Constructs from a pointer, length pair
+    template<typename Allocator>
+    basic_string_ref(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& str); // Constructs from a std::string
+    basic_string_ref (const basic_string_ref &rhs);
+    basic_string_ref& operator=(const basic_string_ref &rhs);
+
+`string_ref` does not define a move constructor nor a move-assignment operator because copying a `string_ref` is just a cheap as moving one.
+
+Basic container-like functions:
+
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type size()     const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type length()   const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type max_size() const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool empty()         const ;
+    
+    // All iterators are const_iterators
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator  begin() const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator cbegin() const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator    end() const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator   cend() const ;
+    const_reverse_iterator         rbegin() const ;
+    const_reverse_iterator        crbegin() const ;
+    const_reverse_iterator           rend() const ;
+    const_reverse_iterator          crend() const ;
+
+Access to the individual elements (all of which are const):
+
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& operator[](size_type pos) const ;
+    const charT& at(size_t pos) const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& front() const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& back()  const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT* data()  const ;
+
+Modifying the `string_ref` (but not the underlying data):
+
+    void clear();
+    void remove_prefix(size_type n);
+    void remove_suffix(size_type n);
+
+Searching:
+
+    size_type find(basic_string_ref s) const ;
+    size_type find(charT c) const ;
+    size_type rfind(basic_string_ref s) const ;
+    size_type rfind(charT c) const ;
+    size_type find_first_of(charT c) const ;
+    size_type find_last_of (charT c) const ;
+        
+    size_type find_first_of(basic_string_ref s) const ;
+    size_type find_last_of(basic_string_ref s) const ;
+    size_type find_first_not_of(basic_string_ref s) const ;
+    size_type find_first_not_of(charT c) const ;
+    size_type find_last_not_of(basic_string_ref s) const ;
+    size_type find_last_not_of(charT c) const ;
+
+String-like operations:
+
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_ref substr(size_type pos, size_type n=npos) const ; // Creates a new string_ref
+    bool starts_with(charT c) const ;
+    bool starts_with(basic_string_ref x) const ;
+    bool ends_with(charT c) const ;
+    bool ends_with(basic_string_ref x) const ;
+
+[endsect]
+
+[/===============]
+[section History]
+[/===============]
+
+[heading boost 1.53]
+* Introduced
+    
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+
+
--- a/doc/string_view.qbk
+++ b/doc/string_view.qbk
@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+[/
+ / Copyright (c) 2012 Marshall Clow
+ / Copyright (c) 2015 Beman Dawes
+ /
+ / Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+ / file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ /]
+
+[article String_View
+    [quickbook 1.5]
+    [authors [Clow, Marshall] [Dawes, Beman]]
+    [copyright 2012 Marshall Clow, 2015 Beman Dawes]
+    [license
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+        [@http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt] 
+    ]
+]
+
+[/===============]
+[section Overview]
+[/===============]
+
+Boost.StringView is an implementation of `string_view` as specified in [@
+http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4480.html#string.view N4480:
+ISO/IEC DTS 19568, Technical Specification - C++ Extensions for Library Fundamentals].
+    
+When you are parsing/processing strings from some external source, frequently you want to pass a piece of text to a procedure for specialized processing. The canonical way to do this is as a `std::string`, but that has certain drawbacks:
+
+1) If you are processing a buffer of text (say a HTTP response or the contents of a file), then you have to create the string from the text you want to pass, which involves memory allocation and copying of data.
+
+2) if a routine receives a constant `std::string` and wants to pass a portion of that string to another routine, then it must create a new string of that substring.
+
+3) A routine receives a constant `std::string` and wants to return a portion of the string, then it must create a new string to return.
+
+`string_view` is designed to solve these efficiency problems. A `string_view` is a read-only reference to a contiguous sequence of characters, and provides much of the functionality of `std::string`. A `string_view` is cheap to create, copy and pass by value, because it does not actually own the storage that it points to. 
+
+A `string_view` is implemented as a small struct that contains a pointer to the start of the character data and a count. A `string_view` is cheap to create and cheap to copy.
+
+`string_view` acts as a container; it includes all the methods that you would expect in a container, including iteration support, `operator []`, `at` and `size`. It can be used with any of the iterator-based algorithms in the STL - as long as you don't need to change the underlying data (`sort` and `remove`, for example, will not work)
+
+Besides generic container functionality, `string_view` provides a subset of the interface of `std::string`. This makes it easy to replace parameters of type `const std::string &` with `boost::string_view`. Like `std::string`, `string_view` has a static member variable named `npos` to denote the result of failed searches, and to mean "the end".
+
+Because a `string_view` does not own the data that it "points to", it introduces lifetime issues into code that uses it. The programmer must ensure that the data that a `string_view` refers to exists as long as the `string_view` does.
+
+Note: The header actually contains a class template, `basic_string_view` and four typedefs:
+
+    template<class charT, class traits = char_traits<charT>>
+        class basic_string_view;
+   
+    typedef basic_string_view<char>     string_view;
+    typedef basic_string_view<char16_t> u16string_view;
+    typedef basic_string_view<char32_t> u32string_view;
+    typedef basic_string_view<wchar_t>  wstring_view;
+
+So you can have views of strings of any of the four built-in character types as well as strings of user-defined character-like type strings. For the sake of simple exposition, we concentrate on `string_view` (i.e. `char` strings) in this documentation.
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+[/===============]
+[section Examples]
+[/===============]
+
+Integrating `string_view` into your code is fairly simple. Wherever you pass a `const std::string &` or `std::string` as a parameter, that's a candidate for passing a `boost::string_view`.
+
+    std::string extract_part ( const std::string &bar ) {
+        return bar.substr ( 2, 3 );
+        }
+        
+    if ( extract_part ( "ABCDEFG" ).front() == 'C' ) { /* do something */ }
+    
+Let's figure out what happens in this (contrived) example.
+
+First, a temporary string is created from the string literal `"ABCDEFG"`, and it is passed (by reference) to the routine `extract_part`. Then a second string is created in the call `std::string::substr` and returned to `extract_part` (this copy may be elided by RVO). Then `extract_part` returns that string back to the caller (again this copy may be elided). The first temporary string is deallocated, and `front` is called on the second string, and then it is deallocated as well.
+
+Two `std::string`s are created, and two copy operations. That's (potentially) four memory allocations and deallocations, and the associated copying of data.
+
+Now let's look at the same code with `string_view`:
+
+    boost::string_view extract_part ( boost::string_view bar ) {
+        return bar.substr ( 2, 3 );
+        }
+        
+    if ( extract_part ( "ABCDEFG" ).front() == "C" ) { /* do something */ }
+
+No memory allocations. No copying of character data. No changes to the code other than the types. There are two `string_view`s created, and two `string_view`s copied, but those are cheap operations.
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+[/=================]
+[section:reference Reference ]
+[/=================]
+
+The header file "string_view.hpp" defines a class template `boost::basic_string_view`, and four specializations - for `char` / `wchar_t` / `char16_t` / `char32_t` .
+
+`#include <boost/utility/string_view.hpp>`
+
+Types:
+
+    typedef traits traits_type;
+    typedef charT value_type;
+    typedef charT* pointer;
+    typedef const charT* const_pointer;
+    typedef charT& reference;
+    typedef const charT& const_reference;
+    typedef const_pointer const_iterator;  // implementation defined
+    typedef const_iterator iterator;
+    typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+    typedef const_reverse_iterator reverse_iterator;
+    typedef std::size_t size_type;
+    typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+    static BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST size_type npos = size_type(-1);
+
+Construction and copying:
+
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view () BOOST_NOEXCEPT;    // Constructs empty string_view
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view (const basic_string_view &rhs) BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    basic_string_view& operator=(const basic_string_view &rhs) BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    template<typename Allocator>
+      basic_string_view(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& str) BOOST_NOEXCEPT; // Ctor from std::string
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(const charT* str); // Ctor from NULL-terminated string
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(const charT* str, size_type len); // Ctor from pointer, length pair
+
+`string_view` does not define a move constructor or a move-assignment operator because copying a `string_view` is just as cheap as moving one would be.
+
+Basic container-like functions:
+
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type size()     const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type length()   const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type max_size() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool empty()         const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    
+    // All iterators are const_iterators
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator  begin() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator cbegin() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator    end() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator   cend() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    const_reverse_iterator         rbegin() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    const_reverse_iterator        crbegin() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    const_reverse_iterator           rend() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+    const_reverse_iterator          crend() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+
+Access to the individual elements (all of which are const):
+
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& operator[](size_type pos) const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& at(size_t pos) const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& front() const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& back()  const ;
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT* data()  const BOOST_NOEXCEPT ;
+
+Modifying the `string_view` (but not the underlying data):
+
+    void clear();  // boost extension
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void remove_prefix(size_type n);
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void remove_suffix(size_type n);
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void swap(basic_string_view& s) BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    
+Searching:
+
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const;
+    
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type rfind(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type rfind(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type rfind(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type rfind(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const;
+    
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_of(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_of(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const;
+    
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_of(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_of(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const;
+    
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_not_of(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_not_of(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const;
+    
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_not_of(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_not_of(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const;
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const;
+  
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool starts_with(charT c) const ;                 // boost extension
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool starts_with(basic_string_view x) const ;     // boost extension
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool ends_with(charT c) const ;                   // boost extension
+    BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool ends_with(basic_string_view x) const ;       // boost extension
+
+String-like operations:
+
+    template<class Allocator>  // Only present if compiler supports C++11 explicit conversion
+      explicit operator basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>() const;
+    
+    template<class Allocator = allocator<charT> >  // Default only present if compiler supports
+      basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>       //   C++11 default template parameters
+        to_string(const Allocator& a = Allocator()) const;
+
+    size_type copy(charT* s, size_type n, size_type pos = 0) const;
+  
+    BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view substr(size_type pos,
+      size_type n=npos) const ; // Create new string_view
+    
+Comparison:
+
+    To be supplied
+
+[endsect]
+
+[/===============]
+[section Compiler Support]
+[/===============]
+
+This Boost implementation only requires a C++03 compliant compiler.
+
+The actual Library Fundamentals specification assumes a C++14 compliant compiler, so a few features are only present if actually supported by the compiler. Boost macros such as BOOST_CONSTEXPR, BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR, and BOOST_NOEXCEPT supply certain features if supported by the compiler. 
+
+[endsect]
+
+[/===============]
+[section History]
+[/===============]
+
+[heading boost 1.53]
+* Introduced, based on Jeffrey Yaskin's [@http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3442.html N3442:
+string_ref: a non-owning reference to a string]
+
+[heading boost 1.60]
+*  Updated to reflect [@
+http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4480.html#string.view N4480:
+ISO/IEC DTS 19568, Technical Specification - C++ Extensions for Library Fundamentals]   
+
+[endsect]
+
+
+
+
--- a/enable_if.html
+++ b/enable_if.html
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; URL=../core/doc/html/core/enable_if.html">
+<title>Automatic redirection</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+Automatic redirection failed, please go to
+<a href="../core/doc/html/core/enable_if.html">enable_if.html</a>.&nbsp;<hr>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001</p>
+<p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying 
+file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy 
+at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/generator_iterator.htm
+++ b/generator_iterator.htm
@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">
+
+  <title>Generator Iterator Adaptor Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+  <img src="../../boost.png" alt="boost.png (6897 bytes)" align="middle"
+  width="277" height="86">
+
+  <h1>Generator Iterator Adaptor</h1>
+
+  <p>Defined in header <a href=
+  "../../boost/generator_iterator.hpp">boost/generator_iterator.hpp</a></p>
+
+  <p>The generator iterator adaptor makes it easier to create custom input
+  iterators from 0-ary functions and function objects. The adaptor takes a
+  <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Generator.html">Generator</a> and
+  creates a model of <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">Input Iterator</a>. Each
+  increment retrieves an item from the generator and makes it available to be
+  retrieved by dereferencing. The motivation for this iterator is that some
+  concepts can be more naturally expressed as a generator, while most STL
+  algorithms expect an iterator. An example is the <a href=
+  "../random/index.html">Random Number</a> library.</p>
+
+  <h2>Synopsis</h2>
+
+  <blockquote>
+    <pre>
+namespace boost {
+  template &lt;class Generator&gt;
+  class generator_iterator_policies;
+
+  template &lt;class Generator&gt;
+  class generator_iterator_generator;
+
+  template &lt;class Generator&gt;
+  typename generator_iterator_generator&lt;Generator&gt;::type
+  make_generator_iterator(Generator &amp; gen);
+}
+</pre>
+  </blockquote>
+  <hr>
+
+  <h2>The Generator Iterator Generator Class</h2>
+
+  <p>The class generator_iterator_generator is a helper class whose purpose
+  is to construct a generator iterator type. The template parameter for this
+  class is the Generator function object type that is being wrapped. The
+  generator iterator adaptor only holds a reference (or pointer) to the
+  function object, therefore the function object must outlive the generator
+  iterator adaptor constructed from it.</p>
+  <pre>
+template &lt;class Generator&gt;
+class generator_iterator_generator
+{
+public:
+  typedef <i>unspecified</i> type; // the resulting generator iterator type 
+}
+</pre>
+
+  <h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+  <table border summary="">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Parameter</th>
+
+      <th>Description</th>
+    </tr>
+
+    <tr>
+      <td><tt><a href=
+      "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Generator.html">Generator</a></tt></td>
+
+      <td>The generator (0-ary function object) type being wrapped. The
+      return type of the function must be defined as
+      <tt>Generator::result_type</tt>. The function object must be a model of
+      <a href=
+      "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Generator.html">Generator</a>.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+
+  <h3>Concept Model</h3>
+
+  <p>The generator iterator class is a model of <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">Input Iterator</a>.</p>
+
+  <h3>Members</h3>
+
+  <p>The generator iterator implements the member functions and operators
+  required of the <a href=
+  "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">Input Iterator</a>
+  concept.<br></p>
+  <hr>
+
+  <h2><a name="make_generator_iterator" id="make_generator_iterator">The
+  Generator Iterator Object Generator</a></h2>
+
+  <p>The <tt>make_generator_iterator()</tt> function provides a convenient
+  way to create generator iterator objects. The function saves the user the
+  trouble of explicitly writing out the iterator types.</p>
+
+  <blockquote>
+    <pre>
+template &lt;class Generator&gt;
+typename generator_iterator_generator&lt;Generator&gt;::type
+make_generator_iterator(Generator &amp; gen);
+</pre>
+  </blockquote>
+  <hr>
+
+  <h3>Example</h3>
+
+  <p>The following program shows how <code>generator_iterator</code>
+  transforms a generator into an input iterator.</p>
+
+  <blockquote>
+    <pre>
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/generator_iterator.hpp&gt;
+
+class my_generator
+{
+public:
+  typedef int result_type;
+  my_generator() : state(0) { }
+  int operator()() { return ++state; }
+private:
+  int state;
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+  my_generator gen;
+  boost::generator_iterator_generator&lt;my_generator&gt;::type it = boost::make_generator_iterator(gen);
+  for(int i = 0; i &lt; 10; ++i, ++it)
+    std::cout &lt;&lt; *it &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+}
+</pre>
+  </blockquote>
+  <hr>
+
+  <p><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check?uri=referer"><img border="0" src=
+  "../../doc/images/valid-html401.png" alt="Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional"
+  height="31" width="88"></a></p>
+
+  <p>Revised 
+  <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->05 December, 2006<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="38516" --></p>
+
+  <p><i>Copyright &copy; 2001 <a href=
+  "http://www.boost.org/people/jens_maurer.htm">Jens Maurer</a></i></p>
+
+  <p><i>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+  accompanying file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or
+  copy at <a href=
+  "http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</i></p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/generator_iterator_test.cpp
+++ b/generator_iterator_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2014 Peter Dimov
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+// See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+//
+
+#include <boost/generator_iterator.hpp>
+#include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+class X
+{
+private:
+
+    int v;
+
+public:
+
+    typedef int result_type;
+
+    X(): v( 0 )
+    {
+    }
+
+    int operator()()
+    {
+        return ++v;
+    }
+};
+
+template<class InputIterator, class Size, class OutputIterator> OutputIterator copy_n( InputIterator first, Size n, OutputIterator result )
+{
+    while( n-- > 0 )
+    {
+        *result++ = *first++;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+void copy_test()
+{
+    X x;
+    boost::generator_iterator<X> in( &x );
+
+    int const N = 4;
+    int v[ N ] = { 0 };
+
+    ::copy_n( in, 4, v );
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( v[0], 1 );
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( v[1], 2 );
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( v[2], 3 );
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ( v[3], 4 );
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    copy_test();
+    return boost::report_errors();
+}
--- a/identity_type/doc/Jamfile.v2
+++ b/identity_type/doc/Jamfile.v2
@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+# (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+# http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+# Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type
+
+import quickbook ;
+using boostbook ;
+
+doxygen reference : ../../../../boost/utility/identity_type.hpp
+    :   <reftitle>"Reference"
+        <doxygen:param>PREDEFINED="DOXYGEN"
+        <doxygen:param>QUIET=YES
+        <doxygen:param>WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED=NO
+        <doxygen:param>HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS=YES
+        <doxygen:param>HIDE_UNDOC_CLASSES=YES
+        <doxygen:param>ALIASES=" Params=\"<b>Parameters:</b> <table border="0">\" Param{2}=\"<tr><td><b><tt>\\1</tt></b></td><td>\\2</td></tr>\" EndParams=\"</table>\" Returns=\"<b>Returns:</b>\" Note=\"<b>Note:</b>\" Warning=\"<b>Warning:</b>\" See=\"<b>See:</b>\" RefSect{2}=\"\\xmlonly<link linkend='boost_utility_identitytype.\\1'>\\2</link>\\endxmlonly\" RefClass{1}=\"\\xmlonly<computeroutput><classname alt='\\1'>\\1</classname></computeroutput>\\endxmlonly\" RefFunc{1}=\"\\xmlonly<computeroutput><functionname alt='\\1'>\\1</functionname></computeroutput>\\endxmlonly\" RefMacro{1}=\"\\xmlonly<computeroutput><macroname alt='\\1'>\\1</macroname></computeroutput>\\endxmlonly\" "
+    ;
+
+# This target must be called "index" so to generate "index.html" file.
+xml index : identity_type.qbk : <dependency>reference ;
+
+boostbook doc : index
+    :   <location>html
+        <format>onehtml
+        <xsl:param>toc.section.depth=0
+        <xsl:param>html.stylesheet=../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css
+        <xsl:param>boost.root=../../../../..
+    ;
+
+#
+# This is very imperfect - it results in both html and pdf docs being built,
+# for some reason I can't get the "onehtml" format specified above to play nice
+# with the usual incantations for mixed pdf/html builds. JM 06/2012.
+#
+boostbook pdf_doc : index
+    :
+       <format>pdf
+       <format>html:<build>no
+    ;
+
+install pdf_doc_install : pdf_doc : <location>. <name>identity_type.pdf <install-type>PDF ;
+explicit pdf_doc_install ;
--- a/identity_type/doc/html/index.html
+++ b/identity_type/doc/html/index.html
@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Boost.Utility/IdentityType 1.0.0</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.76.1"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="chapter" title="Boost.Utility/IdentityType 1.0.0"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title"><a name="boost_utility_identitytype"></a>Boost.Utility/IdentityType 1.0.0</h2></div><div><div class="author"><h3 class="author"><span class="firstname">Lorenzo</span> <span class="surname">Caminiti <code class="email">&lt;<a class="email" href="mailto:lorcaminiti@gmail.com">lorcaminiti@gmail.com</a>&gt;</code></span></h3></div></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2009-2012 Lorenzo
+      Caminiti</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice" title="Legal Notice"><a name="boost_utility_identitytype.legal"></a><p>
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0 (see accompanying
+        file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
+      </p></div></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#boost_utility_identitytype.motivation">Motivation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#boost_utility_identitytype.solution">Solution</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#boost_utility_identitytype.templates">Templates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#boost_utility_identitytype.abstract_types">Abstract Types</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#boost_utility_identitytype.annex__usage">Annex: Usage</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#boost_utility_identitytype.annex__implementation">Annex:
+    Implementation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reference">Reference</a></span></dt></dl></div><p>
+    This library allows to wrap types within round parenthesis so they can always
+    be passed as macro parameters.
+  </p><div class="section boost_utility_identitytype_motivation" title="Motivation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="boost_utility_identitytype.motivation"></a><a class="link" href="#boost_utility_identitytype.motivation" title="Motivation">Motivation</a></h2></div></div></div><p>
+      Consider the following macro which declares a variable named <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">var</span></code><code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>n</em></span></code>
+      with the specified <code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>type</em></span></code> (see also
+      <a href="../../test/var_error.cpp" target="_top"><code class="literal">var_error.cpp</code></a>):
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> <span class="identifier">VAR</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">type</span> <span class="identifier">var</span> <span class="error">#</span><span class="preprocessor"># n</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">VAR</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">);</span>                    <span class="comment">// OK.</span>
+<span class="identifier">VAR</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;,</span> <span class="number">2</span><span class="special">);</span>    <span class="comment">// Error.</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p><p>
+      The first macro invocation works correctly declaring a variable named <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">var1</span></code> of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>.
+      However, the second macro invocation fails generating a preprocessor error
+      similar to the following:
+    </p><pre class="programlisting">error: macro "VAR" passed 3 arguments, but takes just 2
+</pre><p>
+      That is because the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span></code> type passed as the first macro parameter
+      contains a comma <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">,</span></code> not wrapped
+      by round parenthesis <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">()</span></code>. The preprocessor
+      interprets that unwrapped comma as a separation between macro parameters concluding
+      that a total of three (and not two) parameters are passed to the macro in the
+      following order:
+    </p><div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1"><li class="listitem">
+          <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
+        </li><li class="listitem">
+          <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
+        </li><li class="listitem">
+          <code class="computeroutput"><span class="number">2</span></code>
+        </li></ol></div><p>
+      Note that, differently from the compiler, the preprocessor only recognizes
+      round parenthesis <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">()</span></code>. Angular
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span></code> and squared <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">[]</span></code> parenthesis are not recognized by the preprocessor
+      when parsing macro parameters.
+    </p></div><div class="section boost_utility_identitytype_solution" title="Solution"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="boost_utility_identitytype.solution"></a><a class="link" href="#boost_utility_identitytype.solution" title="Solution">Solution</a></h2></div></div></div><p>
+      In some cases, it might be possible to workaround this issue by avoiding to
+      pass the type expression to the macro all together. For example, in the case
+      above a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">typedef</span></code> could have been
+      used to specify the type expression with the commas outside the macro (see
+      also <a href="../../test/var.cpp" target="_top"><code class="literal">var.cpp</code></a>):
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">map_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">VAR</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">map_type</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// OK.</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p><p>
+      When this is neither possible nor desired (e.g., see the function template
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code> in the section below), this
+      library header <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#header.boost.utility.identity_type_hpp" title="Header &lt;boost/utility/identity_type.hpp&gt;">boost/utility/identity_type.hpp</a></code>
+      defines a macro <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code>
+      which can be used to workaround the issue while keeping the type expression
+      as one of the macro parameters (see also <a href="../../test/var.cpp" target="_top"><code class="literal">var.cpp</code></a>).
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">utility</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">identity_type</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">VAR</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;)),</span> <span class="number">4</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// OK.</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p><p>
+      The <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code> macro
+      expands to an expression that evaluates (at compile-time) to the specified
+      type. The specified type is never split into multiple macro parameters because
+      it is always wrapped by a set of extra round parenthesis <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">()</span></code>.
+      In fact, a total of two sets of round parenthesis must be used: The parenthesis
+      to invoke the macro <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">(...)</span></code> plus the inner parenthesis to wrap the
+      type passed to the macro <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">((...))</span></code>.
+    </p><p>
+      This macro works on any <a href="http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/standards" target="_top">C++03</a>
+      compiler (and it does not use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variadic_macro" target="_top">variadic
+      macros</a>). <sup>[<a name="boost_utility_identitytype.solution.f0" href="#ftn.boost_utility_identitytype.solution.f0" class="footnote">1</a>]</sup> The authors originally developed and tested this library using
+      GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) C++ 4.5.3 (with and without C++11 features enabled
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">=</span><span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">++</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="identifier">x</span></code>) on Cygwin
+      and Miscrosoft Visual C++ (MSVC) 8.0 on Windows 7. See the library <a href="http://www.boost.org/development/tests/release/developer/utility-identity_type.html" target="_top">regressions
+      test results</a> for more information on supported compilers and platforms.
+    </p></div><div class="section boost_utility_identitytype_templates" title="Templates"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="boost_utility_identitytype.templates"></a><a class="link" href="#boost_utility_identitytype.templates" title="Templates">Templates</a></h2></div></div></div><p>
+      This macro must be prefixed by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">typename</span></code>
+      when used within templates. For example, let's program a macro that declares
+      a function parameter named <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">arg</span></code><code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>n</em></span></code>
+      with the specified <code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>type</em></span></code> (see also
+      <a href="../../test/template.cpp" target="_top"><code class="literal">template.cpp</code></a>):
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> <span class="identifier">ARG</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">n</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="identifier">type</span> <span class="identifier">arg</span> <span class="error">#</span><span class="preprocessor"># n</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="comment">// Prefix macro with `typename` in templates.</span>
+    <span class="identifier">ARG</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;)),</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">)</span>
+<span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">arg1</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="char">'a'</span><span class="special">;</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// OK...</span>
+<span class="comment">// f(a);    // ... but error.</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p><p>
+      However, note that the template parameter <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span></code>
+      must be manually specified when invoking the function as in <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">)</span></code>. In fact,
+      when the <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code>
+      macro is used to wrap a function template parameter, the template parameter
+      can no longer be automatically deduced by the compiler form the function call
+      as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">)</span></code> would
+      have done. <sup>[<a name="boost_utility_identitytype.templates.f0" href="#ftn.boost_utility_identitytype.templates.f0" class="footnote">2</a>]</sup> (This limitation does not apply to class templates because class
+      template parameters must always be explicitly specified.) In other words, without
+      using the <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code>
+      macro, C++ would normally be able to automatically deduce the function template
+      parameter as shown below:
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">g</span><span class="special">(</span>
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">arg1</span>
+<span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">arg1</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">]</span> <span class="special">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">endl</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">g</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// OK...</span>
+<span class="identifier">g</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">);</span>       <span class="comment">// ... and also OK.</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p></div><div class="section boost_utility_identitytype_abstract_types" title="Abstract Types"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="boost_utility_identitytype.abstract_types"></a><a class="link" href="#boost_utility_identitytype.abstract_types" title="Abstract Types">Abstract Types</a></h2></div></div></div><p>
+      On some compilers (e.g., GCC), using this macro on abstract types (i.e., classes
+      with one or more pure virtual functions) generates a compiler error. This can
+      be avoided by manipulating the type adding and removing a reference to it.
+    </p><p>
+      Let's program a macro that performs a static assertion on a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_metaprogramming" target="_top">Template
+      Meta-Programming</a> (TMP) meta-function (similarly to Boost.MPL <a href="http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_36_0/libs/mpl/doc/refmanual/assert.html" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_MPL_ASSERT</span></code></a>). The <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code> macro can be used
+      to pass a meta-function with multiple template parameters to the assert macro
+      (so to handle the commas separating the template parameters). In this case,
+      if the meta-function is an abstract type, it needs to be manipulated adding
+      and removing a reference to it (see also <a href="../../test/abstract.cpp" target="_top"><code class="literal">abstract.cpp</code></a>):
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> <span class="identifier">TMP_ASSERT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">metafunction</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">\</span>
+    <span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">metafunction</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">)</span>
+
+<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">abstract</span> <span class="special">{</span>
+    <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">;</span>
+    <span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>     <span class="comment">// Pure virtual function.</span>
+<span class="special">};</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">TMP_ASSERT</span><span class="special">(</span>
+    <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span>            <span class="comment">// Add and remove</span>
+        <span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">((</span>           <span class="comment">// reference for</span>
+            <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">add_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span>       <span class="comment">// abstract type.</span>
+                <span class="identifier">abstract</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">true</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+            <span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span>
+        <span class="special">))</span>
+    <span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span>
+<span class="special">);</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p></div><div class="section boost_utility_identitytype_annex__usage" title="Annex: Usage"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="boost_utility_identitytype.annex__usage"></a><a class="link" href="#boost_utility_identitytype.annex__usage" title="Annex: Usage">Annex: Usage</a></h2></div></div></div><p>
+      The <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code> macro
+      can be used either when calling a user-defined macro (as shown by the examples
+      so far), or internally when implementing a user-defined macro (as shown below).
+      When <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code> is
+      used in the implementation of the user-defined macro, the caller of the user
+      macro will have to specify the extra parenthesis (see also <a href="../../test/paren.cpp" target="_top"><code class="literal">paren.cpp</code></a>):
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#define</span> <span class="identifier">TMP_ASSERT_PAREN</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">parenthesized_metafunction</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">\</span>
+    <span class="comment">/* use `BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE` in macro definition instead of invocation */</span> <span class="special">\</span>
+    <span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">parenthesized_metafunction</span><span class="special">)::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">)</span>
+
+<span class="preprocessor">#define</span> <span class="identifier">TMP_ASSERT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">metafunction</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">\</span>
+    <span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">metafunction</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">)</span>
+
+<span class="comment">// Specify only extra parenthesis `((...))`.</span>
+<span class="identifier">TMP_ASSERT_PAREN</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;));</span>
+
+<span class="comment">// Specify both the extra parenthesis `((...))` and `BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE` macro.</span>
+<span class="identifier">TMP_ASSERT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;)));</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p><p>
+      However, note that the caller will <span class="emphasis"><em>always</em></span> have to specify
+      the extra parenthesis even when the macro parameters contain no comma:
+    </p><p>
+</p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">TMP_ASSERT_PAREN</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;));</span> <span class="comment">// Always extra `((...))`.</span>
+
+<span class="identifier">TMP_ASSERT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;);</span> <span class="comment">// No extra `((...))` and no macro.</span>
+</pre><p>
+    </p><p>
+      In some cases, using <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code>
+      in the implementation of the user-defined macro might provide the best syntax
+      for the caller. For example, this is the case for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_MPL_ASSERT</span></code>
+      because the majority of template meta-programming expressions contain unwrapped
+      commas so it is less confusing for the user to always specify the extra parenthesis
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">((...))</span></code> instead of using <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code>:
+    </p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">BOOST_MPL_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span> <span class="comment">// Natural syntax.</span>
+    <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">and_</span><span class="special">&lt;</span>
+          <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+        <span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+    <span class="special">&gt;</span>
+<span class="special">));</span>
+</pre><p>
+      However, in other situations it might be preferable to not require the extra
+      parenthesis in the common cases and handle commas as special cases using <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code>. For example, this
+      is the case for <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/local_function" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION</span></code></a> for which always
+      requiring the extra parenthesis <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">((...))</span></code>
+      around the types would lead to an unnatural syntax for the local function signature:
+    </p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="special">((</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;))</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">((</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;))</span> <span class="identifier">y</span> <span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="comment">// Unnatural syntax.</span>
+    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">+</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">;</span>
+<span class="special">}</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION_NAME</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">add</span><span class="special">)</span>
+</pre><p>
+      Instead requiring the user to specify <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code>
+      only when needed allows for the more natural syntax <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;</span>
+      <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">)</span></code> in the common cases when the parameter types
+      contain no comma (while still allowing to specify parameter types with commas
+      as special cases using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;))&amp;</span>
+      <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">)</span></code>).
+    </p></div><div class="section boost_utility_identitytype_annex__implementation" title="Annex: Implementation"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="boost_utility_identitytype.annex__implementation"></a><a class="link" href="#boost_utility_identitytype.annex__implementation" title="Annex: Implementation">Annex:
+    Implementation</a></h2></div></div></div><p>
+      The implementation of this library macro is equivalent to the following: <sup>[<a name="boost_utility_identitytype.annex__implementation.f0" href="#ftn.boost_utility_identitytype.annex__implementation.f0" class="footnote">3</a>]</sup>
+    </p><pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
+
+<span class="preprocessor">#define</span> <span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">parenthesized_type</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">\</span>
+    <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">parenthesized_type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">arg1_type</span>
+</pre><p>
+      Essentially, the type is wrapped between round parenthesis <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span>
+      <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;)</span></code>
+      so it can be passed as a single macro parameter even if it contains commas.
+      Then the parenthesized type is transformed into the type of a function returning
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">void</span></code> and with the specified type
+      as the type of the first and only argument <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">void</span>
+      <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">map</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;)</span></code>. Finally, the type of the first argument
+      <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">arg1_type</span></code> is extracted at compile-time
+      using the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span></code> meta-function
+      therefore obtaining the original type from the parenthesized type (effectively
+      stripping the extra parenthesis from around the specified type).
+    </p></div><div class="section reference" title="Reference"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="reference"></a>Reference</h2></div></div></div><div class="section header_boost_utility_identity_type_hpp" title="Header &lt;boost/utility/identity_type.hpp&gt;"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title"><a name="header.boost.utility.identity_type_hpp"></a>Header &lt;<a href="../../../../../boost/utility/identity_type.hpp" target="_top">boost/utility/identity_type.hpp</a>&gt;</h3></div></div></div><p>Wrap type expressions with round parenthesis so they can be passed to macros even if they contain commas. </p><pre class="synopsis">
+
+<a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a>(parenthesized_type)</pre><div class="refentry" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE"><a name="BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE"></a><div class="titlepage"></div><div class="refnamediv"><h2><span class="refentrytitle">Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span></h2><p>BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE — This macro allows to wrap the specified type expression within extra round parenthesis so the type can be passed as a single macro parameter even if it contains commas (not already wrapped within round parenthesis). </p></div><h2 class="refsynopsisdiv-title">Synopsis</h2><div class="refsynopsisdiv"><pre class="synopsis"><span class="comment">// In header: &lt;<a class="link" href="#header.boost.utility.identity_type_hpp" title="Header &lt;boost/utility/identity_type.hpp&gt;">boost/utility/identity_type.hpp</a>&gt;
+
+</span>BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE(parenthesized_type)</pre></div><div class="refsect1" title="Description"><a name="id554262"></a><h2>Description</h2><p><span class="bold"><strong>Parameters:</strong></span> </p><div class="informaltable"><table class="table"><colgroup><col><col></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong><code class="computeroutput">parenthesized_type</code></strong></span></td><td>The type expression to be passed as macro parameter wrapped by a single set of round parenthesis <code class="computeroutput">(...)</code>. This type expression can contain an arbitrary number of commas.  </td></tr></tbody></table></div><p>
+</p><p>This macro works on any C++03 compiler (it does not use variadic macros).</p><p>This macro must be prefixed by <code class="computeroutput">typename</code> when used within templates. Note that the compiler will not be able to automatically determine function template parameters when they are wrapped with this macro (these parameters need to be explicitly specified when calling the function template).</p><p>On some compilers (like GCC), using this macro on abstract types requires to add and remove a reference to the specified type. </p></div></div></div></div><div class="footnotes"><br><hr width="100" align="left"><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a id="ftn.boost_utility_identitytype.solution.f0" href="#boost_utility_identitytype.solution.f0" class="para">1</a>] </sup>
+        Using variadic macros, it would be possible to require a single set of extra
+        parenthesis <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">(</span></code><code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>type</em></span></code><code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">)</span></code> instead of two <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</span><span class="special">((</span></code><code class="literal"><span class="emphasis"><em>type</em></span></code><code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">))</span></code> but variadic macros are not part of C++03
+        (even if nowadays they are supported by most modern compilers and they are
+        also part of C++11).
+      </p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a id="ftn.boost_utility_identitytype.templates.f0" href="#boost_utility_identitytype.templates.f0" class="para">2</a>] </sup>
+        This is because the implementation of <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="#BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE" title="Macro BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE">BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE</a></code>
+        wraps the specified type within a meta-function.
+      </p></div><div class="footnote"><p><sup>[<a id="ftn.boost_utility_identitytype.annex__implementation.f0" href="#boost_utility_identitytype.annex__implementation.f0" class="para">3</a>] </sup>
+        There is absolutely no guarantee that the macro is actually implemented using
+        the code listed in this documentation. The listed code is for explanatory
+        purposes only.
+      </p></div></div></div></body></html>
--- a/identity_type/doc/identity_type.qbk
+++ b/identity_type/doc/identity_type.qbk
@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+
+[/ Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti ]
+[/ Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0 ]
+[/ (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at ]
+[/ http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) ]
+[/ Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type ]
+
+[library Boost.Utility/IdentityType
+    [quickbook 1.5]
+    [version 1.0.0]
+    [copyright 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti]
+    [purpose wraps types with round parenthesis]
+    [license
+        Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+        (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+        [@http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt])
+    ]
+    [authors [Caminiti <email>lorcaminiti@gmail.com</email>, Lorenzo]]
+    [category Utilities]
+]
+
+This library allows to wrap types within round parenthesis so they can always be passed as macro parameters.
+
+[import ../test/var_error.cpp]
+[import ../test/var.cpp]
+[import ../test/template.cpp]
+[import ../test/abstract.cpp]
+[import ../test/paren.cpp]
+
+[section Motivation]
+
+Consider the following macro which declares a variable named `var`[^['n]] with the specified [^['type]] (see also [@../../test/var_error.cpp =var_error.cpp=]):
+
+[var_error]
+
+The first macro invocation works correctly declaring a variable named `var1` of type `int`.
+However, the second macro invocation fails generating a preprocessor error similar to the following:
+
+[pre
+    error: macro "VAR" passed 3 arguments, but takes just 2
+]
+
+That is because the `std::map` type passed as the first macro parameter contains a comma `,` not wrapped by round parenthesis `()`.
+The preprocessor interprets that unwrapped comma as a separation between macro parameters concluding that a total of three (and not two) parameters are passed to the macro in the following order:
+
+# `std::map<int`
+# `char>`
+# `2`
+
+Note that, differently from the compiler, the preprocessor only recognizes round parenthesis `()`.
+Angular `<>` and squared `[]` parenthesis are not recognized by the preprocessor when parsing macro parameters.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Solution]
+
+In some cases, it might be possible to workaround this issue by avoiding to pass the type expression to the macro all together.
+For example, in the case above a `typedef` could have been used to specify the type expression with the commas outside the macro (see also [@../../test/var.cpp =var.cpp=]):
+
+[var_typedef]
+
+When this is neither possible nor desired (e.g., see the function template `f` in the section below), this library header [headerref boost/utility/identity_type.hpp] defines a macro [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] which can be used to workaround the issue while keeping the type expression as one of the macro parameters (see also [@../../test/var.cpp =var.cpp=]).
+
+[var_ok]
+
+The [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] macro expands to an expression that evaluates (at compile-time) to the specified type.
+The specified type is never split into multiple macro parameters because it is always wrapped by a set of extra round parenthesis `()`.
+In fact, a total of two sets of round parenthesis must be used: The parenthesis to invoke the macro `BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE(...)` plus the inner parenthesis to wrap the type passed to the macro `BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE((...))`.
+
+This macro works on any [@http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/standards C++03] compiler (and it does not use [@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variadic_macro variadic macros]).
+[footnote
+Using variadic macros, it would be possible to require a single set of extra parenthesis `BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE(`[^['type]]`)` instead of two `BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE((`[^['type]]`))` but variadic macros are not part of C++03 (even if nowadays they are supported by most modern compilers and they are also part of C++11).
+]
+The authors originally developed and tested this library using GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) C++ 4.5.3 (with and without C++11 features enabled `-std=c++0x`) on Cygwin and Miscrosoft Visual C++ (MSVC) 8.0 on Windows 7.
+See the library [@http://www.boost.org/development/tests/release/developer/utility-identity_type.html regressions test results] for more information on supported compilers and platforms.
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Templates]
+
+This macro must be prefixed by `typename` when used within templates.
+For example, let's program a macro that declares a function parameter named `arg`[^['n]] with the specified [^['type]] (see also [@../../test/template.cpp =template.cpp=]):
+
+[template_f_decl]
+[template_f_call]
+
+However, note that the template parameter `char` must be manually specified when invoking the function as in `f<char>(a)`.
+In fact, when the [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] macro is used to wrap a function template parameter, the template parameter can no longer be automatically deduced by the compiler form the function call as `f(a)` would have done.
+[footnote
+This is because the implementation of [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] wraps the specified type within a meta-function.
+]
+(This limitation does not apply to class templates because class template parameters must always be explicitly specified.)
+In other words, without using the [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] macro, C++ would normally be able to automatically deduce the function template parameter as shown below:
+
+[template_g_decl]
+[template_g_call]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Abstract Types]
+
+On some compilers (e.g., GCC), using this macro on abstract types (i.e., classes with one or more pure virtual functions) generates a compiler error.
+This can be avoided by manipulating the type adding and removing a reference to it.
+
+Let's program a macro that performs a static assertion on a [@http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_metaprogramming Template Meta-Programming] (TMP) meta-function (similarly to Boost.MPL [@http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_36_0/libs/mpl/doc/refmanual/assert.html `BOOST_MPL_ASSERT`]).
+The [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] macro can be used to pass a meta-function with multiple template parameters to the assert macro (so to handle the commas separating the template parameters).
+In this case, if the meta-function is an abstract type, it needs to be manipulated adding and removing a reference to it (see also [@../../test/abstract.cpp =abstract.cpp=]):
+
+[abstract]
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Annex: Usage]
+
+The [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] macro can be used either when calling a user-defined macro (as shown by the examples so far), or internally when implementing a user-defined macro (as shown below).
+When [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] is used in the implementation of the user-defined macro, the caller of the user macro will have to specify the extra parenthesis (see also [@../../test/paren.cpp =paren.cpp=]):
+
+[paren]
+
+However, note that the caller will /always/ have to specify the extra parenthesis even when the macro parameters contain no comma:
+
+[paren_always]
+
+In some cases, using [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] in the implementation of the user-defined macro might provide the best syntax for the caller.
+For example, this is the case for `BOOST_MPL_ASSERT` because the majority of template meta-programming expressions contain unwrapped commas so it is less confusing for the user to always specify the extra parenthesis `((...))` instead of using [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE]:
+
+    BOOST_MPL_ASSERT(( // Natural syntax.
+        boost::mpl::and_<
+              boost::is_const<T>
+            , boost::is_reference<T>
+        >
+    ));
+
+However, in other situations it might be preferable to not require the extra parenthesis in the common cases and handle commas as special cases using [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE].
+For example, this is the case for [@http://www.boost.org/libs/local_function `BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION`] for which always requiring the extra parenthesis `((...))` around the types would lead to an unnatural syntax for the local function signature:
+
+    int BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION( ((int&)) x, ((int&)) y ) { // Unnatural syntax.
+        return x + y;
+    } BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION_NAME(add)
+
+Instead requiring the user to specify [macroref BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE] only when needed allows for the more natural syntax `BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION(int& x, int& y)` in the common cases when the parameter types contain no comma (while still allowing to specify parameter types with commas as special cases using `BOOST_LOCAL_FUNCTION(BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE((std::map<int, char>))& x, int& y)`).
+
+[endsect]
+
+[section Annex: Implementation]
+
+The implementation of this library macro is equivalent to the following:
+[footnote
+There is absolutely no guarantee that the macro is actually implemented using the code listed in this documentation.
+The listed code is for explanatory purposes only.
+]
+
+    #include <boost/type_traits/function_traits.hpp>
+    
+    #define BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE(parenthesized_type) \
+        boost::function_traits<void parenthesized_type>::arg1_type
+
+Essentially, the type is wrapped between round parenthesis `(std::map<int, char>)` so it can be passed as a single macro parameter even if it contains commas.
+Then the parenthesized type is transformed into the type of a function returning `void` and with the specified type as the type of the first and only argument `void (std::map<int, char>)`.
+Finally, the type of the first argument `arg1_type` is extracted at compile-time using the `function_traits` meta-function therefore obtaining the original type from the parenthesized type (effectively stripping the extra parenthesis from around the specified type).
+
+[endsect]
+
+[xinclude reference.xml]
+
--- a/identity_type/index.html
+++ b/identity_type/index.html
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=doc/html/index.html">
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    Automatic redirection failed, click this 
+    <a href="doc/html/index.html">link</a> &nbsp;<hr>
+    <p><EFBFBD> Copyright Lorenzo Caminiti, 2009-2012</p>
+    <p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0 (see 
+    accompanying file <a href="../../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
+    LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or a copy at
+    <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
+  </body>
+</html>
--- a/identity_type/test/Jamfile.v2
+++ b/identity_type/test/Jamfile.v2
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+# (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+# http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+# Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type
+
+import testing ;
+
+compile-fail var_error.cpp ;
+run var.cpp ;
+run template.cpp ;
+run abstract.cpp ;
+run noncopyable.cpp ;
+run paren.cpp ;
+
--- a/identity_type/test/abstract.cpp
+++ b/identity_type/test/abstract.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+// Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+// (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+// Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type
+
+#include <boost/utility/identity_type.hpp>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/add_reference.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/remove_reference.hpp>
+
+//[abstract
+#define TMP_ASSERT(metafunction) \
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(metafunction::value)
+
+template<typename T, bool b>
+struct abstract {
+    static const bool value = b;
+    virtual void f(T const& x) = 0;     // Pure virtual function.
+};
+
+TMP_ASSERT(
+    boost::remove_reference<            // Add and remove
+        BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE((           // reference for
+            boost::add_reference<       // abstract type.
+                abstract<int, true>
+            >::type
+        ))
+    >::type
+);
+//]
+
+int main() { return 0; }
+
--- a/identity_type/test/noncopyable.cpp
+++ b/identity_type/test/noncopyable.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+// Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+// (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+// Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type
+
+#include <boost/utility/identity_type.hpp>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
+
+//[noncopyable
+#define TMP_ASSERT(metafunction) \
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(metafunction::value)
+
+template<typename T, T init>
+struct noncopyable : boost::noncopyable {
+    static const T value = init;
+};
+
+TMP_ASSERT(BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE((noncopyable<bool, true>)));
+//]
+
+int main() { return 0; }
+
--- a/identity_type/test/paren.cpp
+++ b/identity_type/test/paren.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+
+// Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+// (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+// Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type
+
+#include <boost/utility/identity_type.hpp>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/is_const.hpp>
+#include <map>
+
+//[paren
+#define TMP_ASSERT_PAREN(parenthesized_metafunction) \
+    /* use `BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE` in macro definition instead of invocation */ \
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE(parenthesized_metafunction)::value)
+
+#define TMP_ASSERT(metafunction) \
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(metafunction::value)
+
+// Specify only extra parenthesis `((...))`.
+TMP_ASSERT_PAREN((boost::is_const<std::map<int, char> const>));
+
+// Specify both the extra parenthesis `((...))` and `BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE` macro.
+TMP_ASSERT(BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE((boost::is_const<std::map<int, char> const>)));
+//]
+
+//[paren_always
+TMP_ASSERT_PAREN((boost::is_const<int const>)); // Always extra `((...))`.
+
+TMP_ASSERT(boost::is_const<int const>); // No extra `((...))` and no macro.
+//]
+
+int main() { return 0; }
+
--- a/identity_type/test/template.cpp
+++ b/identity_type/test/template.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+
+// Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+// (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+// Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type
+
+#include <boost/utility/identity_type.hpp>
+#include <map>
+#include <iostream>
+
+//[template_f_decl
+#define ARG(type, n) type arg ## n
+
+template<typename T>
+void f( // Prefix macro with `typename` in templates.
+    ARG(typename BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE((std::map<int, T>)), 1)
+) {
+    std::cout << arg1[0] << std::endl;
+}
+//]
+
+//[template_g_decl
+template<typename T>
+void g(
+    std::map<int, T> arg1
+) {
+    std::cout << arg1[0] << std::endl;
+}
+//]
+
+int main() {
+    //[template_f_call
+    std::map<int, char> a;
+    a[0] = 'a';
+    
+    f<char>(a); // OK...
+    // f(a);    // ... but error.
+    //]
+
+    //[template_g_call
+    g<char>(a); // OK...
+    g(a);       // ... and also OK.
+    //]
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+
--- a/identity_type/test/var.cpp
+++ b/identity_type/test/var.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+
+// Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+// (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+// Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type
+
+#include <map>
+
+#define VAR(type, n) type var ## n
+
+VAR(int, 1); // OK.
+
+//[var_typedef
+typedef std::map<int, char> map_type;
+VAR(map_type, 3); // OK.
+//]
+
+//[var_ok
+#include <boost/utility/identity_type.hpp>
+
+VAR(BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE((std::map<int, char>)), 4); // OK.
+//]
+
+int main() { return 0; }
+
--- a/identity_type/test/var_error.cpp
+++ b/identity_type/test/var_error.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+// Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+// (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+// Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type
+
+#include <map>
+
+//[var_error
+#define VAR(type, n) type var ## n
+
+VAR(int, 1);                    // OK.
+VAR(std::map<int, char>, 2);    // Error.
+//]
+
+int main() { return 0; }
+
--- a/in_place_factories.html
+++ b/in_place_factories.html
@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//SoftQuad Software//DTD HoTMetaL PRO 5.0::19981217::extensions to HTML 4.0//EN" "hmpro5.dtd">
+
+<HTML>
+
+<HEAD>
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<TITLE>In_place_factory Documentation</TITLE>
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#800080">
+<H2 align="left"><IMG SRC="../../boost.png" WIDTH="276" HEIGHT="86"></H2>
+
+<blockquote>
+  <blockquote>
+    <blockquote>
+      <blockquote>
+        <blockquote>
+          <blockquote>
+<H2 align="left">Header &lt;<A
+HREF="../../boost/utility/in_place_factory.hpp">boost/utility/in_place_factory.hpp</A>&gt; </H2>
+
+<H2 align="left">Header &lt;<A
+HREF="../../boost/utility/typed_in_place_factory.hpp">boost/utility/typed_in_place_factory.hpp</A>&gt; </H2>
+
+          </blockquote>
+        </blockquote>
+      </blockquote>
+    </blockquote>
+  </blockquote>
+</blockquote>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<H2>Contents</H2>
+<DL CLASS="page-index">
+  <DT><A HREF="#mot">Motivation</A></DT>
+  <DT><A HREF="#framework">Framework</A></DT>
+  <DT><A HREF="#specification">Specification</A></DT>
+  <DT><A HREF="#container-usage">Container-side Usage</A></DT>
+  <DT><A HREF="#user-usage">User-side Usage</A></DT>
+</DL>
+
+<HR>
+
+<H2><A NAME="mot"></A>Motivation</H2>
+
+<p>Suppose we have a class</p>
+<pre>struct X
+{
+  X ( int, std::string ) ;
+} ;</pre>
+<p>And a container for it which supports an empty state (that is, which can contain zero objects):</p>
+<pre>struct C
+{
+   C() : contained_(0) {}
+  ~C() { delete contained_ ; }
+  X* contained_ ;
+} ;</pre>
+<p>A container designed to support an empty state typically doesn't require the contained type to be DefaultConstructible,
+but it typically requires it to be CopyConstructible as a mechanism to
+initialize the object to store:</p>
+<pre>struct C
+{
+   C() : contained_(0) {}
+   C ( X const& v ) : contained_ ( new X(v) ) {}
+  ~C() { delete contained_ ; }
+  X* contained_ ;
+} ;</pre>
+<p>There is a subtle problem with this: since the mechanism used to initialize the stored object is copy construction,
+there must exist a previously constructed source object to copy from. This
+object is likely to be temporary and serve no purpose besides being the source</p>
+<pre>void foo()
+{
+  // Temporary object created.
+  C c( X(123,"hello") ) ;
+}
+</pre>
+<p>A solution to this problem is to support direct construction of the contained
+object right in the container's storage.<br>
+In this scheme, the user supplies the arguments for the X constructor
+directly to the container:</p>
+<pre>struct C
+{
+   C() : contained_(0) {}
+   C ( X const& v ) : contained_ ( new X(v) ) {}
+   C ( int a0, std::string a1 ) : contained_ ( new X(a0,a1) ) {}
+  ~C() { delete contained_ ; }
+  X* contained_ ;
+} ;</pre>
+<pre>void foo()
+{
+  // Wrapped object constructed in-place
+  // No temporary created.
+  C c(123,"hello") ;
+}
+</pre>
+<p>Clearly, this solution doesn't scale well since the container must duplicate all the constructor overloads from the contained type
+(at least all those which are to be supported directly in the container).</p>
+
+<H2><A NAME="framework"></A>Framework</H2>
+<p>
+This library proposes a framework to allow some containers to directly contruct contained objects in-place without requiring
+the entire set of constructor overloads from the contained type. It also allows the container to remove the CopyConstuctible
+requirement from the contained type since objects can be directly constructed in-place without need of a copy.<br>
+The only requirement on the container is that it must provide proper storage (that is, correctly aligned and sized).
+Naturally, the container will typically support uninitialized storage to avoid the in-place construction to override
+a fully-constructed object (as this would defeat the purpose of in-place construction)
+</p>
+<p>For this purpose, the framework provides two families of classes collectively called: InPlaceFactories and TypedInPlaceFactories.<br>
+Essentially, these classes hold a sequence of actual parameters and a method to contruct an object in place using these parameters.
+Each member of the family differs only in the number (and type) of the parameter list. The first family
+takes the type of the object to construct directly in method provided for that
+purpose, whereas the second family incorporates that type in the factory class
+itself..</p>
+<p>From the container POV, using the framework amounts to calling the factory's method to contruct the object in place.
+From the user POV, it amounts to creating the right factory object to hold the parameters and pass it to the container.<br>
+The following simplified example shows the basic idea. A complete example follows the formal specification of the framework:</p>
+<pre>struct C
+{
+   template&lt;class InPlaceFactory&gt;
+   C ( InPlaceFactory const& aFactory )
+    :
+    contained_ ( uninitialized_storage() )
+   {
+     aFactory.template apply&lt;X&gt;(contained_);
+   }
+
+  ~C() 
+  { 
+    contained_ -> X::~X();
+    delete[] contained_ ; 
+  }
+
+  char* uninitialized_storage() { return new char[sizeof(X)] ; }
+
+  char* contained_ ;
+} ;
+
+void foo()
+{
+  C c( in_place(123,"hello") ) ;
+}
+</pre>
+
+<HR>
+
+<H2><A NAME="specification">Specification</A></H2>
+
+<p>The following is the first member of the family of 'in_place_factory' classes, along with its corresponding helper template function.
+The rest of the family varies only in the number and type of template (and constructor) parameters.</p>
+<PRE>namespace boost {
+
+struct in_place_factory_base {} ;
+
+template&lt;class A0&gt;
+class in_place_factory : public in_place_factory_base
+{
+  public:</PRE>
+
+<PRE>    in_place_factory ( A0 const& a0 ) : m_a0(a0) {}
+
+    template&lt; class T &gt;
+    void apply ( void* address ) const
+    {
+      new (address) T(m_a0);
+    }
+
+  private:</PRE>
+
+<PRE>    A0 const& m_a0 ;
+} ;
+
+template&lt;class A0&gt;
+in_place_factory&lt;A0&gt; in_place ( A0 const& a0 )
+{
+  return in_place_factory&lt;A0&gt;(a0);
+}
+</PRE>
+
+<p>Similarly, the following is the first member of the family of 'typed_in_place_factory' classes, along with its corresponding
+helper template function. The rest of the family varies only in the number and type of template (and constructor) parameters.</p>
+<PRE>namespace boost {
+
+struct typed_in_place_factory_base {} ;
+
+template&lt;class T, class A0&gt;
+class typed_in_place_factory : public typed_in_place_factory_base
+{
+  public:</PRE>
+
+<PRE>    typed_in_place_factory ( A0 const& a0 ) : m_a0(a0) {}
+
+    void apply ( void* address ) const
+    {
+      new (address) T(m_a0);
+    }
+
+  private:</PRE>
+
+<PRE>    A0 const& m_a0 ;
+} ;
+
+template&lt;class T, class A0&gt;
+typed_in_place_factory&lt;A0&gt; in_place ( A0 const& a0 )
+{
+  return typed_in_place_factory&lt;T,A0&gt;(a0);
+}</PRE>
+
+<PRE>}
+</PRE>
+
+<p>As you can see, the 'in_place_factory' and 'typed_in_place_factory' template classes varies only in the way they specify
+the target type: in the first family, the type is given as a template argument to the apply member function while in the
+second it is given directly as part of the factory class.<br>
+When the container holds a unique non-polymorphic type (such as the case of Boost.Optional), it knows the exact dynamic-type
+of the contained object and can pass it to the apply() method of a (non-typed) factory.
+In this case, end users can use an 'in_place_factory' instance which can be constructed without the type of the object to construct.<br>
+However, if the container holds heterogeneous or polymorphic objects (such as the case of Boost.Variant), the dynamic-type
+of the object to be constructed must be known by the factory itslef. In this case, end users must use a 'typed_in_place_factory'
+instead.</p>
+
+<HR>
+
+<h2><A NAME="container-usage">Container-side Usage</a></h2>
+
+<p>As shown in the introductory simplified example, the container class must
+contain methods that accept an instance of
+these factories and pass the object's storage to the factory's apply method.<br>
+However, the type of the factory class cannot be completly specified in the container class because that would
+defeat the whole purpose of the factories which is to allow the container to accept a variadic argument list
+for the constructor of its contained object.<br>
+The correct function overload must be based on the only distinctive and common
+characteristic of all the classes in each family, the base class.<br>
+Depending on the container class, you can use 'enable_if' to generate the right overload, or use the following
+dispatch technique (used in the Boost.Optional class):
+</p>
+<pre>struct C
+{
+   C() : contained_(0) {}
+   C ( X const& v ) : contained_ ( new X(v) ) {}
+
+   template&lt;class Expr&gt
+   C ( Expr const& expr )
+    :
+    contained_ ( uninitialized_storage() )
+   {
+    construct(expr,&expr)
+   }
+
+  ~C() { delete contained_ ; }
+
+  template&lt;class InPlaceFactory&gt;
+  void construct ( InPlaceFactory const& aFactory, boost::in_place_factory_base* )
+  {
+    aFactory.template apply&lt;X&gt;(contained_);
+  }
+
+  template&lt;class TypedInPlaceFactory&gt;
+  void construct ( TypedInPlaceFactory const& aFactory, boost::typed_in_place_factory_base* )
+  {
+    aFactory.apply(contained_);
+  }
+
+  X* uninitialized_storage() { return static_cast&lt;X*&gt;(new char[sizeof(X)]) ; }
+
+  X* contained_ ;
+} ;
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+
+<h2><A NAME="user-usage">User-side Usage</a></h2>
+
+<p>End users pass to the container an instance of a factory object holding the actual parameters needed to construct the
+contained object directly within the container. For this, the helper template function 'in_place' is used.<br>
+The call 'in_place(a0,a1,a2,...,an)' constructs a (non-typed) 'in_place_factory' instance with the given argument list.<br>
+The call 'in_place&lt;T&gt;(a0,a1,a2,...,an)' constructs a 'typed_in_place_factory' instance with the given argument list for the
+type 'T'.</p>
+<pre>void foo()
+{
+  C a( in_place(123,"hello") ) ;    // in_place_factory passed
+  C b( in_place&lt;X&gt;(456,"world") ) ; // typed_in_place_factory passed
+}
+</pre>
+
+<P>Revised September 17, 2004</P>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal, 2004</p>
+<p> Use, modification, and distribution are subject to the Boost Software
+License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
+LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
+www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
+<P>Developed by <A HREF="mailto:fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com">Fernando Cacciola</A>,
+the latest version of this file can be found at <A
+HREF="http://www.boost.org">www.boost.org</A>, and the boost
+<A HREF="http://www.boost.org/more/mailing_lists.htm#main">discussion lists</A></P>
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- a/include/boost/call_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/call_traits.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
+//  Use, modification and distribution are subject to the Boost Software License,
+//  Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt).
+//
+//  See http://www.boost.org/libs/utility for most recent version including documentation.
+
+//  See boost/detail/call_traits.hpp
+//  for full copyright notices.
+
+#ifndef BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
+#define BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
+
+#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/detail/call_traits.hpp>
+
+#endif // BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
--- a/include/boost/compressed_pair.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/compressed_pair.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
+//  Use, modification and distribution are subject to the Boost Software License,
+//  Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt).
+//
+//  See http://www.boost.org/libs/utility for most recent version including documentation.
+
+//  See boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp
+//  for full copyright notices.
+
+#ifndef BOOST_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
+#define BOOST_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
+
+#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp>
+
+#endif // BOOST_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
--- a/include/boost/detail/call_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/detail/call_traits.hpp
@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>

 #include <boost/type_traits/is_arithmetic.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/is_enum.hpp>
 #include <boost/type_traits/is_pointer.hpp>
 #include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>

@ -43,22 +44,28 @@ struct ct_imp2<T, true>
   typedef const T param_type;
 };

-template <typename T, bool isp, bool b1>
+template <typename T, bool isp, bool b1, bool b2>
 struct ct_imp
 {
   typedef const T& param_type;
 };

-template <typename T, bool isp>
-struct ct_imp<T, isp, true>
+template <typename T, bool isp, bool b2>
+struct ct_imp<T, isp, true, b2>
 {
   typedef typename ct_imp2<T, sizeof(T) <= sizeof(void*)>::param_type param_type;
 };

-template <typename T, bool b1>
-struct ct_imp<T, true, b1>
+template <typename T, bool isp, bool b1>
+struct ct_imp<T, isp, b1, true>
 {
-   typedef T const param_type;
+   typedef typename ct_imp2<T, sizeof(T) <= sizeof(void*)>::param_type param_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T, bool b1, bool b2>
+struct ct_imp<T, true, b1, b2>
+{
+   typedef const T param_type;
 };

 }
@ -79,7 +86,8 @@ public:
   typedef typename boost::detail::ct_imp<
      T,
      ::boost::is_pointer<T>::value,
-      ::boost::is_arithmetic<T>::value
+      ::boost::is_arithmetic<T>::value,
+      ::boost::is_enum<T>::value
   >::param_type param_type;
 };

@ -92,7 +100,7 @@ struct call_traits<T&>
   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
 };

-#if BOOST_WORKAROUND( __BORLANDC__,  BOOST_TESTED_AT( 0x570 ) )
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND( __BORLANDC__,  < 0x5A0 )
 // these are illegal specialisations; cv-qualifies applied to
 // references have no effect according to [8.3.2p1],
 // C++ Builder requires them though as it treats cv-qualified
@ -121,6 +129,15 @@ struct call_traits<T&const volatile>
   typedef const T& const_reference;
   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
 };
+
+template <typename T>
+struct call_traits< T * >
+{
+   typedef T * value_type;
+   typedef T * & reference;
+   typedef T * const & const_reference;
+   typedef T * const param_type;  // hh removed const
+};
 #endif
 #if !defined(BOOST_NO_ARRAY_TYPE_SPECIALIZATIONS)
 template <typename T, std::size_t N>
--- a/include/boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp
@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 //  See http://www.boost.org/libs/utility for most recent version including documentation.

 // compressed_pair: pair that "compresses" empty members
-// (see libs/utility/compressed_pair.htm)
+// (see libs/utility/doc/html/compressed_pair.html)
 //
 // JM changes 25 Jan 2004:
 // For the case where T1 == T2 and both are empty, then first() and second()
@ -27,6 +27,10 @@
 #include <boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp>
 #include <boost/call_traits.hpp>

+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+# pragma warning(push)
+# pragma warning(disable:4512)
+#endif 
 namespace boost
 {

@ -132,7 +136,7 @@ namespace details

   template <class T1, class T2>
   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 1>
-      : private ::boost::remove_cv<T1>::type
+      : protected ::boost::remove_cv<T1>::type
   {
   public:
      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
@ -174,7 +178,7 @@ namespace details

   template <class T1, class T2>
   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 2>
-      : private ::boost::remove_cv<T2>::type
+      : protected ::boost::remove_cv<T2>::type
   {
   public:
      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
@ -217,8 +221,8 @@ namespace details

   template <class T1, class T2>
   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 3>
-      : private ::boost::remove_cv<T1>::type,
-        private ::boost::remove_cv<T2>::type
+      : protected ::boost::remove_cv<T1>::type,
+        protected ::boost::remove_cv<T2>::type
   {
   public:
      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
@ -253,11 +257,14 @@ namespace details

   // JM
   // 4    T1 == T2, T1 and T2 both empty
-   //      Note does not actually store an instance of T2 at all -
-   //      but reuses T1 base class for both first() and second().
+   //      Originally this did not store an instance of T2 at all
+   //      but that led to problems beause it meant &x.first() == &x.second()
+   //      which is not true for any other kind of pair, so now we store an instance
+   //      of T2 just in case the user is relying on first() and second() returning
+   //      different objects (albeit both empty).
   template <class T1, class T2>
   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 4>
-      : private ::boost::remove_cv<T1>::type
+      : protected ::boost::remove_cv<T1>::type
   {
   public:
      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
@ -428,5 +435,9 @@ swap(compressed_pair<T1, T2>& x, compressed_pair<T1, T2>& y)

 } // boost

+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+# pragma warning(pop)
+#endif 
+
 #endif // BOOST_DETAIL_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP

--- a/include/boost/detail/ob_call_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/detail/ob_call_traits.hpp
@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Use, modification and distribution are subject to the Boost Software License,
-//  Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
-//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt).
-//
-//  See http://www.boost.org/libs/utility for most recent version including documentation.
-//
-//  Crippled version for crippled compilers:
-//  see libs/utility/call_traits.htm
-//
-
-/* Release notes:
-   01st October 2000:
-      Fixed call_traits on VC6, using "poor man's partial specialisation",
-      using ideas taken from "Generative programming" by Krzysztof Czarnecki 
-      & Ulrich Eisenecker.
-*/
-
-#ifndef BOOST_OB_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#define BOOST_OB_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef BOOST_ARITHMETIC_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits/arithmetic_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-#ifndef BOOST_COMPOSITE_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits/composite_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost{
-
-#ifdef BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES
-//
-// use member templates to emulate
-// partial specialisation:
-//
-namespace detail{
-
-template <class T>
-struct standard_call_traits
-{
-   typedef T value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef const T& param_type;
-};
-template <class T>
-struct simple_call_traits
-{
-   typedef T value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef const T param_type;
-};
-template <class T>
-struct reference_call_traits
-{
-   typedef T value_type;
-   typedef T reference;
-   typedef T const_reference;
-   typedef T param_type;
-};
-
-template <bool pointer, bool arithmetic, bool reference>
-struct call_traits_chooser
-{
-   template <class T>
-   struct rebind
-   {
-      typedef standard_call_traits<T> type;
-   };
-};
-
-template <>
-struct call_traits_chooser<true, false, false>
-{
-   template <class T>
-   struct rebind
-   {
-      typedef simple_call_traits<T> type;
-   };
-};
-
-template <>
-struct call_traits_chooser<false, false, true>
-{
-   template <class T>
-   struct rebind
-   {
-      typedef reference_call_traits<T> type;
-   };
-};
-
-template <bool size_is_small> 
-struct call_traits_sizeof_chooser2
-{
-   template <class T>
-   struct small_rebind
-   {
-      typedef simple_call_traits<T> small_type;
-   };
-};
-
-template<> 
-struct call_traits_sizeof_chooser2<false>
-{
-   template <class T>
-   struct small_rebind
-   {
-      typedef standard_call_traits<T> small_type;
-   };
-};
-
-template <>
-struct call_traits_chooser<false, true, false>
-{
-   template <class T>
-   struct rebind
-   {
-      enum { sizeof_choice = (sizeof(T) <= sizeof(void*)) };
-      typedef call_traits_sizeof_chooser2<(sizeof(T) <= sizeof(void*))> chooser;
-      typedef typename chooser::template small_rebind<T> bound_type;
-      typedef typename bound_type::small_type type;
-   };
-};
-
-} // namespace detail
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits
-{
-private:
-    typedef detail::call_traits_chooser<
-         ::boost::is_pointer<T>::value,
-         ::boost::is_arithmetic<T>::value, 
-         ::boost::is_reference<T>::value
-      > chooser;
-   typedef typename chooser::template rebind<T> bound_type;
-   typedef typename bound_type::type call_traits_type;
-public:
-   typedef typename call_traits_type::value_type       value_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits_type::reference        reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits_type::const_reference  const_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits_type::param_type       param_type;
-};
-
-#else
-//
-// sorry call_traits is completely non-functional
-// blame your broken compiler:
-//
-
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits
-{
-   typedef T value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef const T& param_type;
-};
-
-#endif // member templates
-
-}
-
-#endif // BOOST_OB_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
--- a/include/boost/detail/ob_compressed_pair.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/detail/ob_compressed_pair.hpp
@ -167,17 +167,6 @@ public:
   compressed_pair_1(const ::boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& x)
      : T2(x.second()), _first(x.first()) {}

-#if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && BOOST_MSVC <= 1300
-  // Total weirdness. If the assignment to _first is moved after
-  // the call to the inherited operator=, then this breaks graph/test/graph.cpp
-  // by way of iterator_adaptor.
-  compressed_pair_1& operator=(const compressed_pair_1& x) {
-    _first = x._first;
-    T2::operator=(x);
-    return *this;
-  }
-#endif
-
   first_reference       first()       { return _first; }
   first_const_reference first() const { return _first; }

--- a/include/boost/next_prior.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/next_prior.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+//  Boost next_prior.hpp header file  ---------------------------------------//
+
+//  (C) Copyright Dave Abrahams and Daniel Walker 1999-2003. Distributed under the Boost
+//  Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+//  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org/libs/utility for documentation.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  13 Dec 2003  Added next(x, n) and prior(x, n) (Daniel Walker)
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NEXT_PRIOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define BOOST_NEXT_PRIOR_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+#include <iterator>
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1310
+#include <boost/mpl/and.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/is_integral.hpp>
+#endif
+#include <boost/type_traits/is_unsigned.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/integral_promotion.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/make_signed.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/has_plus.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/has_plus_assign.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/has_minus.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/has_minus_assign.hpp>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+//  Helper functions for classes like bidirectional iterators not supporting
+//  operator+ and operator-
+//
+//  Usage:
+//    const std::list<T>::iterator p = get_some_iterator();
+//    const std::list<T>::iterator prev = boost::prior(p);
+//    const std::list<T>::iterator next = boost::next(prev, 2);
+
+//  Contributed by Dave Abrahams
+
+namespace next_prior_detail {
+
+template< typename T, typename Distance, bool HasPlus = has_plus< T, Distance >::value >
+struct next_impl2
+{
+    static T call(T x, Distance n)
+    {
+        std::advance(x, n);
+        return x;
+    }
+};
+
+template< typename T, typename Distance >
+struct next_impl2< T, Distance, true >
+{
+    static T call(T x, Distance n)
+    {
+        return x + n;
+    }
+};
+
+
+template< typename T, typename Distance, bool HasPlusAssign = has_plus_assign< T, Distance >::value >
+struct next_impl1 :
+    public next_impl2< T, Distance >
+{
+};
+
+template< typename T, typename Distance >
+struct next_impl1< T, Distance, true >
+{
+    static T call(T x, Distance n)
+    {
+        x += n;
+        return x;
+    }
+};
+
+
+template<
+    typename T,
+    typename Distance,
+    typename PromotedDistance = typename integral_promotion< Distance >::type,
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER > 1310
+    bool IsUInt = is_unsigned< PromotedDistance >::value
+#else
+    // MSVC 7.1 has problems with applying is_unsigned to non-integral types
+    bool IsUInt = mpl::and_< is_integral< PromotedDistance >, is_unsigned< PromotedDistance > >::value
+#endif
+>
+struct prior_impl3
+{
+    static T call(T x, Distance n)
+    {
+        std::advance(x, -n);
+        return x;
+    }
+};
+
+template< typename T, typename Distance, typename PromotedDistance >
+struct prior_impl3< T, Distance, PromotedDistance, true >
+{
+    static T call(T x, Distance n)
+    {
+        typedef typename make_signed< PromotedDistance >::type signed_distance;
+        std::advance(x, -static_cast< signed_distance >(static_cast< PromotedDistance >(n)));
+        return x;
+    }
+};
+
+
+template< typename T, typename Distance, bool HasMinus = has_minus< T, Distance >::value >
+struct prior_impl2 :
+    public prior_impl3< T, Distance >
+{
+};
+
+template< typename T, typename Distance >
+struct prior_impl2< T, Distance, true >
+{
+    static T call(T x, Distance n)
+    {
+        return x - n;
+    }
+};
+
+
+template< typename T, typename Distance, bool HasMinusAssign = has_minus_assign< T, Distance >::value >
+struct prior_impl1 :
+    public prior_impl2< T, Distance >
+{
+};
+
+template< typename T, typename Distance >
+struct prior_impl1< T, Distance, true >
+{
+    static T call(T x, Distance n)
+    {
+        x -= n;
+        return x;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace next_prior_detail
+
+template <class T>
+inline T next(T x) { return ++x; }
+
+template <class T, class Distance>
+inline T next(T x, Distance n)
+{
+    return next_prior_detail::next_impl1< T, Distance >::call(x, n);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline T prior(T x) { return --x; }
+
+template <class T, class Distance>
+inline T prior(T x, Distance n)
+{
+    return next_prior_detail::prior_impl1< T, Distance >::call(x, n);
+}
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#endif  // BOOST_NEXT_PRIOR_HPP_INCLUDED
--- a/include/boost/operators.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/operators.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,948 @@
+//  Boost operators.hpp header file  ----------------------------------------//
+
+//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams, Jeremy Siek, Daryle Walker 1999-2001.
+//  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+//  accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/operators.htm for documentation.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  16 Dec 10 Limit warning suppression for 4284 to older versions of VC++
+//            (Matthew Bradbury, fixes #4432)
+//  07 Aug 08 Added "euclidean" spelling. (Daniel Frey)
+//  03 Apr 08 Make sure "convertible to bool" is sufficient
+//            for T::operator<, etc. (Daniel Frey)
+//  24 May 07 Changed empty_base to depend on T, see
+//            http://svn.boost.org/trac/boost/ticket/979
+//  21 Oct 02 Modified implementation of operators to allow compilers with a
+//            correct named return value optimization (NRVO) to produce optimal
+//            code.  (Daniel Frey)
+//  02 Dec 01 Bug fixed in random_access_iteratable.  (Helmut Zeisel)
+//  28 Sep 01 Factored out iterator operator groups.  (Daryle Walker)
+//  27 Aug 01 'left' form for non commutative operators added;
+//            additional classes for groups of related operators added;
+//            workaround for empty base class optimization
+//            bug of GCC 3.0 (Helmut Zeisel)
+//  25 Jun 01 output_iterator_helper changes: removed default template 
+//            parameters, added support for self-proxying, additional 
+//            documentation and tests (Aleksey Gurtovoy)
+//  29 May 01 Added operator classes for << and >>.  Added input and output
+//            iterator helper classes.  Added classes to connect equality and
+//            relational operators.  Added classes for groups of related
+//            operators.  Reimplemented example operator and iterator helper
+//            classes in terms of the new groups.  (Daryle Walker, with help
+//            from Alexy Gurtovoy)
+//  11 Feb 01 Fixed bugs in the iterator helpers which prevented explicitly
+//            supplied arguments from actually being used (Dave Abrahams)
+//  04 Jul 00 Fixed NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE bugs, major cleanup and
+//            refactoring of compiler workarounds, additional documentation
+//            (Alexy Gurtovoy and Mark Rodgers with some help and prompting from
+//            Dave Abrahams) 
+//  28 Jun 00 General cleanup and integration of bugfixes from Mark Rodgers and
+//            Jeremy Siek (Dave Abrahams)
+//  20 Jun 00 Changes to accommodate Borland C++Builder 4 and Borland C++ 5.5
+//            (Mark Rodgers)
+//  20 Jun 00 Minor fixes to the prior revision (Aleksey Gurtovoy)
+//  10 Jun 00 Support for the base class chaining technique was added
+//            (Aleksey Gurtovoy). See documentation and the comments below 
+//            for the details. 
+//  12 Dec 99 Initial version with iterator operators (Jeremy Siek)
+//  18 Nov 99 Change name "divideable" to "dividable", remove unnecessary
+//            specializations of dividable, subtractable, modable (Ed Brey) 
+//  17 Nov 99 Add comments (Beman Dawes)
+//            Remove unnecessary specialization of operators<> (Ed Brey)
+//  15 Nov 99 Fix less_than_comparable<T,U> second operand type for first two
+//            operators.(Beman Dawes)
+//  12 Nov 99 Add operators templates (Ed Brey)
+//  11 Nov 99 Add single template parameter version for compilers without
+//            partial specialization (Beman Dawes)
+//  10 Nov 99 Initial version
+
+// 10 Jun 00:
+// An additional optional template parameter was added to most of 
+// operator templates to support the base class chaining technique (see 
+// documentation for the details). Unfortunately, a straightforward
+// implementation of this change would have broken compatibility with the
+// previous version of the library by making it impossible to use the same
+// template name (e.g. 'addable') for both the 1- and 2-argument versions of
+// an operator template. This implementation solves the backward-compatibility
+// issue at the cost of some simplicity.
+//
+// One of the complications is an existence of special auxiliary class template
+// 'is_chained_base<>' (see 'detail' namespace below), which is used
+// to determine whether its template parameter is a library's operator template
+// or not. You have to specialize 'is_chained_base<>' for each new 
+// operator template you add to the library.
+//
+// However, most of the non-trivial implementation details are hidden behind 
+// several local macros defined below, and as soon as you understand them,
+// you understand the whole library implementation. 
+
+#ifndef BOOST_OPERATORS_HPP
+#define BOOST_OPERATORS_HPP
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/iterator.hpp>
+#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
+
+#if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__)
+#   pragma set woff 1234
+#endif
+
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1600)
+#   pragma warning( disable : 4284 ) // complaint about return type of 
+#endif                               // operator-> not begin a UDT
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T> class empty_base {};
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace boost
+
+// In this section we supply the xxxx1 and xxxx2 forms of the operator
+// templates, which are explicitly targeted at the 1-type-argument and
+// 2-type-argument operator forms, respectively. Some compilers get confused
+// when inline friend functions are overloaded in namespaces other than the
+// global namespace. When BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE is defined, all of
+// these templates must go in the global namespace.
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
+namespace boost
+{
+#endif
+
+//  Basic operator classes (contributed by Dave Abrahams) ------------------//
+
+//  Note that friend functions defined in a class are implicitly inline.
+//  See the C++ std, 11.4 [class.friend] paragraph 5
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct less_than_comparable2 : B
+{
+     friend bool operator<=(const T& x, const U& y) { return !static_cast<bool>(x > y); }
+     friend bool operator>=(const T& x, const U& y) { return !static_cast<bool>(x < y); }
+     friend bool operator>(const U& x, const T& y)  { return y < x; }
+     friend bool operator<(const U& x, const T& y)  { return y > x; }
+     friend bool operator<=(const U& x, const T& y) { return !static_cast<bool>(y < x); }
+     friend bool operator>=(const U& x, const T& y) { return !static_cast<bool>(y > x); }
+};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct less_than_comparable1 : B
+{
+     friend bool operator>(const T& x, const T& y)  { return y < x; }
+     friend bool operator<=(const T& x, const T& y) { return !static_cast<bool>(y < x); }
+     friend bool operator>=(const T& x, const T& y) { return !static_cast<bool>(x < y); }
+};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct equality_comparable2 : B
+{
+     friend bool operator==(const U& y, const T& x) { return x == y; }
+     friend bool operator!=(const U& y, const T& x) { return !static_cast<bool>(x == y); }
+     friend bool operator!=(const T& y, const U& x) { return !static_cast<bool>(y == x); }
+};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct equality_comparable1 : B
+{
+     friend bool operator!=(const T& x, const T& y) { return !static_cast<bool>(x == y); }
+};
+
+// A macro which produces "name_2left" from "name".
+#define BOOST_OPERATOR2_LEFT(name) name##2##_##left
+
+//  NRVO-friendly implementation (contributed by Daniel Frey) ---------------//
+
+#if defined(BOOST_HAS_NRVO) || defined(BOOST_FORCE_SYMMETRIC_OPERATORS)
+
+// This is the optimal implementation for ISO/ANSI C++,
+// but it requires the compiler to implement the NRVO.
+// If the compiler has no NRVO, this is the best symmetric
+// implementation available.
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_COMMUTATIVE( NAME, OP )                         \
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >        \
+struct NAME##2 : B                                                            \
+{                                                                             \
+  friend T operator OP( const T& lhs, const U& rhs )                          \
+    { T nrv( lhs ); nrv OP##= rhs; return nrv; }                              \
+  friend T operator OP( const U& lhs, const T& rhs )                          \
+    { T nrv( rhs ); nrv OP##= lhs; return nrv; }                              \
+};                                                                            \
+                                                                              \
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >                 \
+struct NAME##1 : B                                                            \
+{                                                                             \
+  friend T operator OP( const T& lhs, const T& rhs )                          \
+    { T nrv( lhs ); nrv OP##= rhs; return nrv; }                              \
+};
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_NON_COMMUTATIVE( NAME, OP )               \
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >  \
+struct NAME##2 : B                                                      \
+{                                                                       \
+  friend T operator OP( const T& lhs, const U& rhs )                    \
+    { T nrv( lhs ); nrv OP##= rhs; return nrv; }                        \
+};                                                                      \
+                                                                        \
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >  \
+struct BOOST_OPERATOR2_LEFT(NAME) : B                                   \
+{                                                                       \
+  friend T operator OP( const U& lhs, const T& rhs )                    \
+    { T nrv( lhs ); nrv OP##= rhs; return nrv; }                        \
+};                                                                      \
+                                                                        \
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >           \
+struct NAME##1 : B                                                      \
+{                                                                       \
+  friend T operator OP( const T& lhs, const T& rhs )                    \
+    { T nrv( lhs ); nrv OP##= rhs; return nrv; }                        \
+};
+
+#else // defined(BOOST_HAS_NRVO) || defined(BOOST_FORCE_SYMMETRIC_OPERATORS)
+
+// For compilers without NRVO the following code is optimal, but not
+// symmetric!  Note that the implementation of
+// BOOST_OPERATOR2_LEFT(NAME) only looks cool, but doesn't provide
+// optimization opportunities to the compiler :)
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_COMMUTATIVE( NAME, OP )                   \
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >  \
+struct NAME##2 : B                                                      \
+{                                                                       \
+  friend T operator OP( T lhs, const U& rhs ) { return lhs OP##= rhs; } \
+  friend T operator OP( const U& lhs, T rhs ) { return rhs OP##= lhs; } \
+};                                                                      \
+                                                                        \
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >           \
+struct NAME##1 : B                                                      \
+{                                                                       \
+  friend T operator OP( T lhs, const T& rhs ) { return lhs OP##= rhs; } \
+};
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_NON_COMMUTATIVE( NAME, OP )               \
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >  \
+struct NAME##2 : B                                                      \
+{                                                                       \
+  friend T operator OP( T lhs, const U& rhs ) { return lhs OP##= rhs; } \
+};                                                                      \
+                                                                        \
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >  \
+struct BOOST_OPERATOR2_LEFT(NAME) : B                                   \
+{                                                                       \
+  friend T operator OP( const U& lhs, const T& rhs )                    \
+    { return T( lhs ) OP##= rhs; }                                      \
+};                                                                      \
+                                                                        \
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >           \
+struct NAME##1 : B                                                      \
+{                                                                       \
+  friend T operator OP( T lhs, const T& rhs ) { return lhs OP##= rhs; } \
+};
+
+#endif // defined(BOOST_HAS_NRVO) || defined(BOOST_FORCE_SYMMETRIC_OPERATORS)
+
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_COMMUTATIVE( multipliable, * )
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_COMMUTATIVE( addable, + )
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_NON_COMMUTATIVE( subtractable, - )
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_NON_COMMUTATIVE( dividable, / )
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_NON_COMMUTATIVE( modable, % )
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_COMMUTATIVE( xorable, ^ )
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_COMMUTATIVE( andable, & )
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_COMMUTATIVE( orable, | )
+
+#undef BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_COMMUTATIVE
+#undef BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR_NON_COMMUTATIVE
+#undef BOOST_OPERATOR2_LEFT
+
+//  incrementable and decrementable contributed by Jeremy Siek
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct incrementable : B
+{
+  friend T operator++(T& x, int)
+  {
+    incrementable_type nrv(x);
+    ++x;
+    return nrv;
+  }
+private: // The use of this typedef works around a Borland bug
+  typedef T incrementable_type;
+};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct decrementable : B
+{
+  friend T operator--(T& x, int)
+  {
+    decrementable_type nrv(x);
+    --x;
+    return nrv;
+  }
+private: // The use of this typedef works around a Borland bug
+  typedef T decrementable_type;
+};
+
+//  Iterator operator classes (contributed by Jeremy Siek) ------------------//
+
+template <class T, class P, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct dereferenceable : B
+{
+  P operator->() const
+  { 
+    return &*static_cast<const T&>(*this); 
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T, class I, class R, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct indexable : B
+{
+  R operator[](I n) const
+  {
+    return *(static_cast<const T&>(*this) + n);
+  }
+};
+
+//  More operator classes (contributed by Daryle Walker) --------------------//
+//  (NRVO-friendly implementation contributed by Daniel Frey) ---------------//
+
+#if defined(BOOST_HAS_NRVO) || defined(BOOST_FORCE_SYMMETRIC_OPERATORS)
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR( NAME, OP )                                     \
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >        \
+struct NAME##2 : B                                                            \
+{                                                                             \
+  friend T operator OP( const T& lhs, const U& rhs )                          \
+    { T nrv( lhs ); nrv OP##= rhs; return nrv; }                              \
+};                                                                            \
+                                                                              \
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >                 \
+struct NAME##1 : B                                                            \
+{                                                                             \
+  friend T operator OP( const T& lhs, const T& rhs )                          \
+    { T nrv( lhs ); nrv OP##= rhs; return nrv; }                              \
+};
+
+#else // defined(BOOST_HAS_NRVO) || defined(BOOST_FORCE_SYMMETRIC_OPERATORS)
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR( NAME, OP )                                     \
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >        \
+struct NAME##2 : B                                                            \
+{                                                                             \
+  friend T operator OP( T lhs, const U& rhs ) { return lhs OP##= rhs; }       \
+};                                                                            \
+                                                                              \
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >                 \
+struct NAME##1 : B                                                            \
+{                                                                             \
+  friend T operator OP( T lhs, const T& rhs ) { return lhs OP##= rhs; }       \
+};
+
+#endif // defined(BOOST_HAS_NRVO) || defined(BOOST_FORCE_SYMMETRIC_OPERATORS)
+
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR( left_shiftable, << )
+BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR( right_shiftable, >> )
+
+#undef BOOST_BINARY_OPERATOR
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct equivalent2 : B
+{
+  friend bool operator==(const T& x, const U& y)
+  {
+    return !static_cast<bool>(x < y) && !static_cast<bool>(x > y);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct equivalent1 : B
+{
+  friend bool operator==(const T&x, const T&y)
+  {
+    return !static_cast<bool>(x < y) && !static_cast<bool>(y < x);
+  }
+};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct partially_ordered2 : B
+{
+  friend bool operator<=(const T& x, const U& y)
+    { return static_cast<bool>(x < y) || static_cast<bool>(x == y); }
+  friend bool operator>=(const T& x, const U& y)
+    { return static_cast<bool>(x > y) || static_cast<bool>(x == y); }
+  friend bool operator>(const U& x, const T& y)
+    { return y < x; }
+  friend bool operator<(const U& x, const T& y)
+    { return y > x; }
+  friend bool operator<=(const U& x, const T& y)
+    { return static_cast<bool>(y > x) || static_cast<bool>(y == x); }
+  friend bool operator>=(const U& x, const T& y)
+    { return static_cast<bool>(y < x) || static_cast<bool>(y == x); }
+};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct partially_ordered1 : B
+{
+  friend bool operator>(const T& x, const T& y)
+    { return y < x; }
+  friend bool operator<=(const T& x, const T& y)
+    { return static_cast<bool>(x < y) || static_cast<bool>(x == y); }
+  friend bool operator>=(const T& x, const T& y)
+    { return static_cast<bool>(y < x) || static_cast<bool>(x == y); }
+};
+
+//  Combined operator classes (contributed by Daryle Walker) ----------------//
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct totally_ordered2
+    : less_than_comparable2<T, U
+    , equality_comparable2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct totally_ordered1
+    : less_than_comparable1<T
+    , equality_comparable1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct additive2
+    : addable2<T, U
+    , subtractable2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct additive1
+    : addable1<T
+    , subtractable1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct multiplicative2
+    : multipliable2<T, U
+    , dividable2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct multiplicative1
+    : multipliable1<T
+    , dividable1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct integer_multiplicative2
+    : multiplicative2<T, U
+    , modable2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct integer_multiplicative1
+    : multiplicative1<T
+    , modable1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct arithmetic2
+    : additive2<T, U
+    , multiplicative2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct arithmetic1
+    : additive1<T
+    , multiplicative1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct integer_arithmetic2
+    : additive2<T, U
+    , integer_multiplicative2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct integer_arithmetic1
+    : additive1<T
+    , integer_multiplicative1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct bitwise2
+    : xorable2<T, U
+    , andable2<T, U
+    , orable2<T, U, B
+      > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct bitwise1
+    : xorable1<T
+    , andable1<T
+    , orable1<T, B
+      > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct unit_steppable
+    : incrementable<T
+    , decrementable<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct shiftable2
+    : left_shiftable2<T, U
+    , right_shiftable2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct shiftable1
+    : left_shiftable1<T
+    , right_shiftable1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ring_operators2
+    : additive2<T, U
+    , subtractable2_left<T, U
+    , multipliable2<T, U, B
+      > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ring_operators1
+    : additive1<T
+    , multipliable1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ordered_ring_operators2
+    : ring_operators2<T, U
+    , totally_ordered2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ordered_ring_operators1
+    : ring_operators1<T
+    , totally_ordered1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct field_operators2
+    : ring_operators2<T, U
+    , dividable2<T, U
+    , dividable2_left<T, U, B
+      > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct field_operators1
+    : ring_operators1<T
+    , dividable1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ordered_field_operators2
+    : field_operators2<T, U
+    , totally_ordered2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ordered_field_operators1
+    : field_operators1<T
+    , totally_ordered1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct euclidian_ring_operators2
+    : ring_operators2<T, U
+    , dividable2<T, U
+    , dividable2_left<T, U
+    , modable2<T, U
+    , modable2_left<T, U, B
+      > > > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct euclidian_ring_operators1
+    : ring_operators1<T
+    , dividable1<T
+    , modable1<T, B
+      > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ordered_euclidian_ring_operators2
+    : totally_ordered2<T, U
+    , euclidian_ring_operators2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ordered_euclidian_ring_operators1
+    : totally_ordered1<T
+    , euclidian_ring_operators1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct euclidean_ring_operators2
+    : ring_operators2<T, U
+    , dividable2<T, U
+    , dividable2_left<T, U
+    , modable2<T, U
+    , modable2_left<T, U, B
+      > > > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct euclidean_ring_operators1
+    : ring_operators1<T
+    , dividable1<T
+    , modable1<T, B
+      > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ordered_euclidean_ring_operators2
+    : totally_ordered2<T, U
+    , euclidean_ring_operators2<T, U, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct ordered_euclidean_ring_operators1
+    : totally_ordered1<T
+    , euclidean_ring_operators1<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+template <class T, class P, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct input_iteratable
+    : equality_comparable1<T
+    , incrementable<T
+    , dereferenceable<T, P, B
+      > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct output_iteratable
+    : incrementable<T, B
+      > {};
+
+template <class T, class P, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct forward_iteratable
+    : input_iteratable<T, P, B
+      > {};
+
+template <class T, class P, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct bidirectional_iteratable
+    : forward_iteratable<T, P
+    , decrementable<T, B
+      > > {};
+
+//  To avoid repeated derivation from equality_comparable,
+//  which is an indirect base class of bidirectional_iterable,
+//  random_access_iteratable must not be derived from totally_ordered1
+//  but from less_than_comparable1 only. (Helmut Zeisel, 02-Dec-2001)
+template <class T, class P, class D, class R, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> >
+struct random_access_iteratable
+    : bidirectional_iteratable<T, P
+    , less_than_comparable1<T
+    , additive2<T, D
+    , indexable<T, D, R, B
+      > > > > {};
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
+} // namespace boost
+#endif // BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
+
+
+// BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1 .. BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE4 -
+//
+// When BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE is defined we need a way to import an
+// operator template into the boost namespace. BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1 is used
+// for one-argument forms of operator templates; BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2 for
+// two-argument forms. Note that these macros expect to be invoked from within
+// boost.
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
+
+  // The template is already in boost so we have nothing to do.
+# define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE4(template_name)
+# define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE3(template_name)
+# define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name)
+# define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name)
+
+#else // BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
+
+#  ifndef BOOST_NO_USING_TEMPLATE
+
+     // Bring the names in with a using-declaration
+     // to avoid stressing the compiler.
+#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE4(template_name) using ::template_name;
+#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE3(template_name) using ::template_name;
+#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name) using ::template_name;
+#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name) using ::template_name;
+
+#  else
+
+     // Otherwise, because a Borland C++ 5.5 bug prevents a using declaration
+     // from working, we are forced to use inheritance for that compiler.
+#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE4(template_name)                                             \
+     template <class T, class U, class V, class W, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> > \
+     struct template_name : ::template_name<T, U, V, W, B> {};
+
+#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE3(template_name)                                    \
+     template <class T, class U, class V, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> > \
+     struct template_name : ::template_name<T, U, V, B> {};
+
+#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name)                           \
+     template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> > \
+     struct template_name : ::template_name<T, U, B> {};
+
+#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name)                  \
+     template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T> > \
+     struct template_name : ::template_name<T, B> {};
+
+#  endif // BOOST_NO_USING_TEMPLATE
+
+#endif // BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
+
+//
+// Here's where we put it all together, defining the xxxx forms of the templates
+// in namespace boost. We also define specializations of is_chained_base<> for
+// the xxxx, xxxx1, and xxxx2 templates, importing them into boost:: as
+// necessary.
+//
+
+// is_chained_base<> - a traits class used to distinguish whether an operator
+// template argument is being used for base class chaining, or is specifying a
+// 2nd argument type.
+
+namespace boost {
+// A type parameter is used instead of a plain bool because Borland's compiler
+// didn't cope well with the more obvious non-type template parameter.
+namespace detail {
+  struct true_t {};
+  struct false_t {};
+} // namespace detail
+
+// Unspecialized version assumes that most types are not being used for base
+// class chaining. We specialize for the operator templates defined in this
+// library.
+template<class T> struct is_chained_base {
+  typedef ::boost::detail::false_t value;
+};
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+// Import a 4-type-argument operator template into boost (if necessary) and
+// provide a specialization of 'is_chained_base<>' for it.
+# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE4(template_name4)                     \
+  BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE4(template_name4)                              \
+  template<class T, class U, class V, class W, class B>               \
+  struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name4<T, U, V, W, B> > {  \
+    typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                            \
+  };
+
+// Import a 3-type-argument operator template into boost (if necessary) and
+// provide a specialization of 'is_chained_base<>' for it.
+# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE3(template_name3)                     \
+  BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE3(template_name3)                              \
+  template<class T, class U, class V, class B>                        \
+  struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name3<T, U, V, B> > {     \
+    typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                            \
+  };
+
+// Import a 2-type-argument operator template into boost (if necessary) and
+// provide a specialization of 'is_chained_base<>' for it.
+# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(template_name2)                  \
+  BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name2)                           \
+  template<class T, class U, class B>                              \
+  struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name2<T, U, B> > {     \
+    typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                         \
+  };
+
+// Import a 1-type-argument operator template into boost (if necessary) and
+// provide a specialization of 'is_chained_base<>' for it.
+# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(template_name1)                  \
+  BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name1)                           \
+  template<class T, class B>                                       \
+  struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name1<T, B> > {        \
+    typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                         \
+  };
+
+// BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(template_name) defines template_name<> such that it
+// can be used for specifying both 1-argument and 2-argument forms. Requires the
+// existence of two previously defined class templates named '<template_name>1'
+// and '<template_name>2' which must implement the corresponding 1- and 2-
+// argument forms.
+//
+// The template type parameter O == is_chained_base<U>::value is used to
+// distinguish whether the 2nd argument to <template_name> is being used for
+// base class chaining from another boost operator template or is describing a
+// 2nd operand type. O == true_t only when U is actually an another operator
+// template from the library. Partial specialization is used to select an
+// implementation in terms of either '<template_name>1' or '<template_name>2'.
+//
+
+# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(template_name)                    \
+template <class T                                                  \
+         ,class U = T                                              \
+         ,class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base<T>                 \
+         ,class O = typename is_chained_base<U>::value             \
+         >                                                         \
+struct template_name : template_name##2<T, U, B> {};               \
+                                                                   \
+template<class T, class U, class B>                                \
+struct template_name<T, U, B, ::boost::detail::true_t>             \
+  : template_name##1<T, U> {};                                     \
+                                                                   \
+template <class T, class B>                                        \
+struct template_name<T, T, B, ::boost::detail::false_t>            \
+  : template_name##1<T, B> {};                                     \
+                                                                   \
+template<class T, class U, class B, class O>                       \
+struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name<T, U, B, O> > {     \
+  typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                           \
+};                                                                 \
+                                                                   \
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(template_name##2)                         \
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(template_name##1)
+
+
+
+namespace boost {
+    
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(less_than_comparable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(equality_comparable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(multipliable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(addable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(subtractable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(subtractable2_left)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(dividable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(dividable2_left)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(modable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(modable2_left)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(xorable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(andable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(orable)
+
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(incrementable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(decrementable)
+
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(dereferenceable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE3(indexable)
+
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(left_shiftable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(right_shiftable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(equivalent)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(partially_ordered)
+
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(totally_ordered)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(additive)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(multiplicative)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(integer_multiplicative)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(arithmetic)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(integer_arithmetic)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(bitwise)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(unit_steppable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(shiftable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(ring_operators)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(ordered_ring_operators)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(field_operators)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(ordered_field_operators)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(euclidian_ring_operators)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(ordered_euclidian_ring_operators)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(euclidean_ring_operators)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(ordered_euclidean_ring_operators)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(input_iteratable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(output_iteratable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(forward_iteratable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(bidirectional_iteratable)
+BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE4(random_access_iteratable)
+
+#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE
+#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE4
+#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE3
+#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2
+#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1
+#undef BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1
+#undef BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2
+#undef BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE3
+#undef BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE4
+
+// The following 'operators' classes can only be used portably if the derived class
+// declares ALL of the required member operators.
+template <class T, class U>
+struct operators2
+    : totally_ordered2<T,U
+    , integer_arithmetic2<T,U
+    , bitwise2<T,U
+      > > > {};
+
+template <class T, class U = T>
+struct operators : operators2<T, U> {};
+
+template <class T> struct operators<T, T>
+    : totally_ordered<T
+    , integer_arithmetic<T
+    , bitwise<T
+    , unit_steppable<T
+      > > > > {};
+
+//  Iterator helper classes (contributed by Jeremy Siek) -------------------//
+//  (Input and output iterator helpers contributed by Daryle Walker) -------//
+//  (Changed to use combined operator classes by Daryle Walker) ------------//
+template <class T,
+          class V,
+          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
+          class P = V const *,
+          class R = V const &>
+struct input_iterator_helper
+  : input_iteratable<T, P
+  , boost::iterator<std::input_iterator_tag, V, D, P, R
+    > > {};
+
+template<class T>
+struct output_iterator_helper
+  : output_iteratable<T
+  , boost::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, void, void, void, void
+  > >
+{
+  T& operator*()  { return static_cast<T&>(*this); }
+  T& operator++() { return static_cast<T&>(*this); }
+};
+
+template <class T,
+          class V,
+          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
+          class P = V*,
+          class R = V&>
+struct forward_iterator_helper
+  : forward_iteratable<T, P
+  , boost::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, V, D, P, R
+    > > {};
+
+template <class T,
+          class V,
+          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
+          class P = V*,
+          class R = V&>
+struct bidirectional_iterator_helper
+  : bidirectional_iteratable<T, P
+  , boost::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag, V, D, P, R
+    > > {};
+
+template <class T,
+          class V, 
+          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
+          class P = V*,
+          class R = V&>
+struct random_access_iterator_helper
+  : random_access_iteratable<T, P, D, R
+  , boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, V, D, P, R
+    > >
+{
+  friend D requires_difference_operator(const T& x, const T& y) {
+    return x - y;
+  }
+}; // random_access_iterator_helper
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma reset woff 1234
+#endif
+
+#endif // BOOST_OPERATORS_HPP
--- a/include/boost/utility.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//  Boost utility.hpp header file  -------------------------------------------//
+
+//  Copyright 1999-2003 Aleksey Gurtovoy.  Use, modification, and distribution are
+//  subject to the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.  (See accompanying file
+//  LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at <http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt>.)
+
+//  See <http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/> for the library's home page.
+
+#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_HPP
+#define BOOST_UTILITY_HPP
+
+#include <boost/utility/addressof.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/base_from_member.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/binary.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/identity_type.hpp>
+#include <boost/checked_delete.hpp>
+#include <boost/next_prior.hpp>
+#include <boost/noncopyable.hpp>
+
+#endif  // BOOST_UTILITY_HPP
--- a/include/boost/utility/base_from_member.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/base_from_member.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+//  boost utility/base_from_member.hpp header file  --------------------------//
+
+//  Copyright 2001, 2003, 2004, 2012 Daryle Walker.  Use, modification, and
+//  distribution are subject to the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.  (See
+//  accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+//  <http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt>.)
+
+//  See <http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/> for the library's home page.
+
+#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_BASE_FROM_MEMBER_HPP
+#define BOOST_UTILITY_BASE_FROM_MEMBER_HPP
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/inc.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_binary_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/repeat_from_to.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/remove_cv.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/remove_reference.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>
+
+
+//  Base-from-member arity configuration macro  ------------------------------//
+
+// The following macro determines how many arguments will be in the largest
+// constructor template of base_from_member.  Constructor templates will be
+// generated from one argument to this maximum.  Code from other files can read
+// this number if they need to always match the exact maximum base_from_member
+// uses.  The maximum constructor length can be changed by overriding the
+// #defined constant.  Make sure to apply the override, if any, for all source
+// files during project compiling for consistency.
+
+// Contributed by Jonathan Turkanis
+
+#ifndef BOOST_BASE_FROM_MEMBER_MAX_ARITY
+#define BOOST_BASE_FROM_MEMBER_MAX_ARITY  10
+#endif
+
+
+//  An iteration of a constructor template for base_from_member  -------------//
+
+// A macro that should expand to:
+//     template < typename T1, ..., typename Tn >
+//     base_from_member( T1 x1, ..., Tn xn )
+//         : member( x1, ..., xn )
+//         {}
+// This macro should only persist within this file.
+
+#define BOOST_PRIVATE_CTR_DEF( z, n, data )                            \
+    template < BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n, typename T) >                   \
+    explicit base_from_member( BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(n, T, x) )  \
+        : member( BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(n, x) )                         \
+        {}                                                             \
+    /**/
+
+
+namespace boost
+{
+
+namespace detail
+{
+
+//  Type-unmarking class template  -------------------------------------------//
+
+// Type-trait to get the raw type, i.e. the type without top-level reference nor
+// cv-qualification, from a type expression.  Mainly for function arguments, any
+// reference part is stripped first.
+
+// Contributed by Daryle Walker
+
+template < typename T >
+struct remove_cv_ref
+{
+    typedef typename ::boost::remove_cv<typename
+     ::boost::remove_reference<T>::type>::type  type;
+
+};  // boost::detail::remove_cv_ref
+
+//  Unmarked-type comparison class template  ---------------------------------//
+
+// Type-trait to check if two type expressions have the same raw type.
+
+// Contributed by Daryle Walker, based on a work-around by Luc Danton
+
+template < typename T, typename U >
+struct is_related
+    : public ::boost::is_same<
+     typename ::boost::detail::remove_cv_ref<T>::type,
+     typename ::boost::detail::remove_cv_ref<U>::type >
+{};
+
+//  Enable-if-on-unidentical-unmarked-type class template  -------------------//
+
+// Enable-if on the first two type expressions NOT having the same raw type.
+
+// Contributed by Daryle Walker, based on a work-around by Luc Danton
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES
+template<typename ...T>
+struct enable_if_unrelated
+    : public ::boost::enable_if_c<true>
+{};
+
+template<typename T, typename U, typename ...U2>
+struct enable_if_unrelated<T, U, U2...>
+    : public ::boost::disable_if< ::boost::detail::is_related<T, U> >
+{};
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace boost::detail
+
+
+//  Base-from-member class template  -----------------------------------------//
+
+// Helper to initialize a base object so a derived class can use this
+// object in the initialization of another base class.  Used by
+// Dietmar Kuehl from ideas by Ron Klatcho to solve the problem of a
+// base class needing to be initialized by a member.
+
+// Contributed by Daryle Walker
+
+template < typename MemberType, int UniqueID = 0 >
+class base_from_member
+{
+protected:
+    MemberType  member;
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES) && \
+    !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_VARIADIC_TEMPLATES) && \
+    !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_ARGS) && \
+    !(defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ == 4) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ < 4))
+    template <typename ...T, typename EnableIf = typename
+     ::boost::detail::enable_if_unrelated<base_from_member, T...>::type>
+    explicit BOOST_CONSTEXPR base_from_member( T&& ...x )
+        BOOST_NOEXCEPT_IF( BOOST_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(::new ((void*) 0) MemberType(
+         static_cast<T&&>(x)... )) )  // no std::is_nothrow_constructible...
+        : member( static_cast<T&&>(x)... )     // ...nor std::forward needed
+        {}
+#else
+    base_from_member()
+        : member()
+        {}
+
+    BOOST_PP_REPEAT_FROM_TO( 1, BOOST_PP_INC(BOOST_BASE_FROM_MEMBER_MAX_ARITY),
+     BOOST_PRIVATE_CTR_DEF, _ )
+#endif
+
+};  // boost::base_from_member
+
+template < typename MemberType, int UniqueID >
+class base_from_member<MemberType&, UniqueID>
+{
+protected:
+    MemberType& member;
+
+    explicit BOOST_CONSTEXPR base_from_member( MemberType& x )
+        BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+        : member( x )
+        {}
+
+};  // boost::base_from_member
+
+}  // namespace boost
+
+
+// Undo any private macros
+#undef BOOST_PRIVATE_CTR_DEF
+
+
+#endif  // BOOST_UTILITY_BASE_FROM_MEMBER_HPP
--- a/include/boost/utility/binary.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/binary.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+/*=============================================================================
+    Copyright (c) 2005 Matthew Calabrese
+
+    Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+    License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+    http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+==============================================================================*/
+
+#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_BINARY_HPP
+#define BOOST_UTILITY_BINARY_HPP
+
+/*=============================================================================
+
+    Binary Literal Utility
+    ______________________
+
+
+    The following code works by converting the input bit pattern into a
+    Boost.Preprocessor sequence, then converting groupings of 3 bits each into
+    the corresponding octal digit, and finally concatenating all of the digits
+    together along with a leading zero. This yields a standard octal literal
+    with the desired value as specified in bits.
+
+==============================================================================*/
+
+#include <boost/preprocessor/control/deduce_d.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/facilities/identity.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/seq/cat.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/seq/transform.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/arithmetic/mod.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/seq/size.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/facilities/empty.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/control/while.hpp>
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY( bit_groupings )                                          \
+  BOOST_BINARY_LITERAL_D( BOOST_PP_DEDUCE_D(), bit_groupings ) 
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_U( bit_groupings )                                        \
+  BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL( bit_groupings, U ) 
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_L( bit_groupings )                                        \
+  BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL( bit_groupings, L ) 
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_UL( bit_groupings )                                       \
+  BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL( bit_groupings, UL ) 
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_LU( bit_groupings )                                       \
+  BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL( bit_groupings, LU ) 
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_LL( bit_groupings )                                       \
+  BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL( bit_groupings, LL ) 
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_ULL( bit_groupings )                                      \
+  BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL( bit_groupings, ULL ) 
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_LLU( bit_groupings )                                      \
+  BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL( bit_groupings, LLU ) 
+
+#define BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL( bit_groupings, suffix )                 \
+  BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL_D( BOOST_PP_DEDUCE_D(), bit_groupings, suffix ) 
+
+#define BOOST_SUFFIXED_BINARY_LITERAL_D( d, bit_groupings, suffix )            \
+  BOOST_PP_CAT( BOOST_BINARY_LITERAL_D( d, bit_groupings ), suffix ) 
+
+#define BOOST_BINARY_LITERAL_D( d, bit_groupings )                             \
+  BOOST_PP_SEQ_CAT                                                             \
+  ( (0) BOOST_DETAIL_CREATE_BINARY_LITERAL_OCTAL_SEQUENCE( d, bit_groupings )  \
+  ) 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CREATE_BINARY_LITERAL_OCTAL_SEQUENCE( d, bit_groupings )  \
+  BOOST_PP_SEQ_TRANSFORM                                                       \
+  ( BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_OPERATION                                     \
+  , BOOST_PP_NIL                                                               \
+  , BOOST_PP_IDENTITY( BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_TRIPLE_SEQUENCE )()\
+    ( BOOST_DETAIL_COMPLETE_TRIPLE_SEQUENCE                                    \
+      (                                                                        \
+        d                                                                      \
+      , BOOST_DETAIL_CREATE_BINARY_LITERAL_BIT_SEQUENCE( d, bit_groupings )    \
+      )                                                                        \
+    )                                                                          \
+  ) 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_TRIPLE_SEQUENCE( bit_sequence )   \
+  BOOST_PP_CAT                                                                 \
+  ( BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_PARENTHETIC_TUPLE_1 bit_sequence      \
+  , END_BIT                                                                    \
+  ) 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BITS_PER_OCTIT 3
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_COMPLETE_TRIPLE_SEQUENCE( d, incomplete_nibble_sequence ) \
+  BOOST_PP_CAT                                                                 \
+  ( BOOST_DETAIL_CREATE_TRIPLE_COMPLETION_SEQUENCE_                            \
+  , BOOST_PP_MOD_D( d                                                          \
+                  , BOOST_PP_SEQ_SIZE( incomplete_nibble_sequence )            \
+                  , BOOST_DETAIL_BITS_PER_OCTIT                                \
+                  )                                                            \
+  )                                                                            \
+  incomplete_nibble_sequence 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_FIXED_COMPL( bit )                                        \
+  BOOST_PP_CAT( BOOST_DETAIL_FIXED_COMPL_, bit )
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_FIXED_COMPL_0 1 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_FIXED_COMPL_1 0 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CREATE_BINARY_LITERAL_BIT_SEQUENCE( d, bit_groupings )    \
+  BOOST_PP_EMPTY                                                               \
+  BOOST_PP_CAT( BOOST_PP_WHILE_, d )                                           \
+  ( BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_PREDICATE                                      \
+  , BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_OPERATION                                      \
+  , bit_groupings ()                                                           \
+  ) 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_PREDICATE( d, state )                      \
+  BOOST_DETAIL_FIXED_COMPL( BOOST_DETAIL_IS_NULLARY_ARGS( state ) ) 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_OPERATION( d, state )                      \
+  BOOST_DETAIL_SPLIT_AND_SWAP                                                  \
+  ( BOOST_PP_CAT( BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_, state ) ) 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_OPERATION( s, dummy_param, tuple )        \
+  BOOST_DETAIL_TERNARY_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL tuple 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TERNARY_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL( bit2, bit1, bit0 )               \
+  BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_ ## bit2 ## bit1 ## bit0 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CREATE_TRIPLE_COMPLETION_SEQUENCE_1 (0)(0)
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CREATE_TRIPLE_COMPLETION_SEQUENCE_2 (0)
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CREATE_TRIPLE_COMPLETION_SEQUENCE_0  
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_PARENTHETIC_TUPLE_1END_BIT  
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_PARENTHETIC_TUPLE_1( bit )        \
+  ( ( bit, BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_PARENTHETIC_TUPLE_2 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_PARENTHETIC_TUPLE_2( bit )        \
+  bit, BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_PARENTHETIC_TUPLE_3 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_PARENTHETIC_TUPLE_3( bit )        \
+  bit ) ) BOOST_DETAIL_CONVERT_BIT_SEQUENCE_TO_PARENTHETIC_TUPLE_1 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_SPLIT_AND_SWAP( params )                                  \
+  BOOST_PP_IDENTITY( BOOST_DETAIL_SPLIT_AND_SWAP_PARAMS )()( params )
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_SPLIT_AND_SWAP_PARAMS( first_param, second_param )        \
+  second_param first_param 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_LEFT_OF_COMMA( params )                                   \
+  BOOST_PP_IDENTITY( BOOST_DETAIL_FIRST_MACRO_PARAM )()( params ) 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_FIRST_MACRO_PARAM( first_param, second_param )            \
+  first_param 
+
+/* Begin derived concepts from Chaos by Paul Mensonides */
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_IS_NULLARY_ARGS( param )                                  \
+  BOOST_DETAIL_LEFT_OF_COMMA                                                   \
+  ( BOOST_PP_CAT( BOOST_DETAIL_IS_NULLARY_ARGS_R_                              \
+                , BOOST_DETAIL_IS_NULLARY_ARGS_C param                         \
+                )                                                              \
+  ) 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_IS_NULLARY_ARGS_C()                                       \
+  1 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_IS_NULLARY_ARGS_R_1                                       \
+  1, BOOST_PP_NIL 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_IS_NULLARY_ARGS_R_BOOST_DETAIL_IS_NULLARY_ARGS_C          \
+  0, BOOST_PP_NIL 
+
+/* End derived concepts from Chaos by Paul Mensonides */
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_000 0 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_001 1 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_010 2 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_011 3 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_100 4 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_101 5 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_110 6 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_TRIPLE_TO_OCTAL_111 7 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0 (0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1 (1), 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00 (0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01 (0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10 (1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11 (1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00 (0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01 (0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10 (1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11 (1)(1), 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_000 (0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_001 (0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_010 (0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_011 (0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_100 (1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_101 (1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_110 (1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_111 (1)(1)(1), 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0000 (0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0001 (0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0010 (0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0011 (0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0100 (0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0101 (0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0110 (0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0111 (0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1000 (1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1001 (1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1010 (1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1011 (1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1100 (1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1101 (1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1110 (1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1111 (1)(1)(1)(1), 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00000 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00001 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00010 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00011 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00100 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00101 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00110 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00111 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01000 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01001 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01010 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01011 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01100 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01101 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01110 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01111 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10000 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10001 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10010 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10011 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10100 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10101 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10110 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10111 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11000 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11001 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11010 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11011 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11100 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11101 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11110 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11111 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_000000 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_000001 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_000010 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_000011 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_000100 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_000101 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_000110 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_000111 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_001000 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_001001 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_001010 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_001011 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_001100 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_001101 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_001110 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_001111 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_010000 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_010001 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_010010 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_010011 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_010100 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_010101 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_010110 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_010111 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_011000 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_011001 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_011010 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_011011 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_011100 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_011101 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_011110 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_011111 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_100000 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_100001 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_100010 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_100011 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_100100 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_100101 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_100110 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_100111 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_101000 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_101001 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_101010 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_101011 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_101100 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_101101 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_101110 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_101111 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_110000 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_110001 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_110010 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_110011 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_110100 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_110101 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_110110 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_110111 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_111000 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_111001 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_111010 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_111011 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_111100 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_111101 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_111110 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_111111 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0000000 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0000001 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0000010 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0000011 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0000100 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0000101 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0000110 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0000111 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0001000 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0001001 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0001010 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0001011 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0001100 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0001101 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0001110 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0001111 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0010000 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0010001 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0010010 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0010011 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0010100 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0010101 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0010110 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0010111 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0011000 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0011001 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0011010 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0011011 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0011100 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0011101 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0011110 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0011111 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0100000 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0100001 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0100010 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0100011 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0100100 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0100101 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0100110 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0100111 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0101000 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0101001 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0101010 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0101011 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0101100 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0101101 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0101110 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0101111 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0110000 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0110001 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0110010 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0110011 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0110100 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0110101 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0110110 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0110111 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0111000 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0111001 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0111010 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0111011 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0111100 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0111101 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0111110 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_0111111 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1000000 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1000001 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1000010 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1000011 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1000100 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1000101 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1000110 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1000111 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1001000 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1001001 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1001010 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1001011 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1001100 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1001101 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1001110 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1001111 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1010000 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1010001 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1010010 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1010011 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1010100 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1010101 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1010110 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1010111 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1011000 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1011001 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1011010 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1011011 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1011100 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1011101 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1011110 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1011111 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1100000 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1100001 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1100010 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1100011 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1100100 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1100101 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1100110 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1100111 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1101000 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1101001 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1101010 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1101011 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1101100 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1101101 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1101110 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1101111 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1110000 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1110001 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1110010 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1110011 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1110100 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1110101 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1110110 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1110111 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1111000 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1111001 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1111010 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1111011 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1111100 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1111101 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1111110 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_1111111 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00000000 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00000001 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00000010 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00000011 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00000100 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00000101 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00000110 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00000111 (0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00001000 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00001001 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00001010 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00001011 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00001100 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00001101 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00001110 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00001111 (0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00010000 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00010001 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00010010 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00010011 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00010100 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00010101 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00010110 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00010111 (0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00011000 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00011001 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00011010 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00011011 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00011100 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00011101 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00011110 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00011111 (0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00100000 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00100001 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00100010 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00100011 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00100100 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00100101 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00100110 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00100111 (0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00101000 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00101001 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00101010 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00101011 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00101100 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00101101 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00101110 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00101111 (0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00110000 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00110001 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00110010 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00110011 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00110100 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00110101 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00110110 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00110111 (0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00111000 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00111001 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00111010 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00111011 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00111100 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00111101 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00111110 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_00111111 (0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01000000 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01000001 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01000010 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01000011 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01000100 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01000101 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01000110 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01000111 (0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01001000 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01001001 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01001010 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01001011 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01001100 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01001101 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01001110 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01001111 (0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01010000 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01010001 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01010010 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01010011 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01010100 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01010101 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01010110 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01010111 (0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01011000 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01011001 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01011010 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01011011 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01011100 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01011101 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01011110 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01011111 (0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01100000 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01100001 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01100010 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01100011 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01100100 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01100101 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01100110 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01100111 (0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01101000 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01101001 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01101010 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01101011 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01101100 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01101101 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01101110 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01101111 (0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01110000 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01110001 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01110010 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01110011 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01110100 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01110101 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01110110 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01110111 (0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01111000 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01111001 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01111010 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01111011 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01111100 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01111101 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01111110 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_01111111 (0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10000000 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10000001 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10000010 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10000011 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10000100 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10000101 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10000110 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10000111 (1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10001000 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10001001 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10001010 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10001011 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10001100 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10001101 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10001110 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10001111 (1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10010000 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10010001 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10010010 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10010011 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10010100 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10010101 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10010110 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10010111 (1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10011000 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10011001 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10011010 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10011011 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10011100 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10011101 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10011110 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10011111 (1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10100000 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10100001 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10100010 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10100011 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10100100 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10100101 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10100110 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10100111 (1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10101000 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10101001 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10101010 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10101011 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10101100 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10101101 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10101110 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10101111 (1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10110000 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10110001 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10110010 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10110011 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10110100 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10110101 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10110110 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10110111 (1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10111000 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10111001 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10111010 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10111011 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10111100 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10111101 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10111110 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_10111111 (1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11000000 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11000001 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11000010 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11000011 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11000100 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11000101 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11000110 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11000111 (1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11001000 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11001001 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11001010 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11001011 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11001100 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11001101 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11001110 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11001111 (1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11010000 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11010001 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11010010 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11010011 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11010100 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11010101 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11010110 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11010111 (1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11011000 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11011001 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11011010 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11011011 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11011100 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11011101 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11011110 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11011111 (1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11100000 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11100001 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11100010 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11100011 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11100100 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11100101 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11100110 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11100111 (1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11101000 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11101001 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11101010 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11101011 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11101100 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11101101 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11101110 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11101111 (1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11110000 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11110001 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11110010 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11110011 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11110100 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11110101 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11110110 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11110111 (1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11111000 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11111001 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11111010 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11111011 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11111100 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11111101 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0)(1), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11111110 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(0), 
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_BINARY_LITERAL_ELEMENT_11111111 (1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1), 
+
+#endif
--- a/include/boost/utility/compare_pointees.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/compare_pointees.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+//
+// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/optional for documentation.
+//
+// You are welcome to contact the author at:
+//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
+//
+#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_COMPARE_POINTEES_25AGO2003_HPP
+#define BOOST_UTILITY_COMPARE_POINTEES_25AGO2003_HPP
+
+#include<functional>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+// template<class OP> bool equal_pointees(OP const& x, OP const& y);
+// template<class OP> struct equal_pointees_t;
+//
+// Being OP a model of OptionalPointee (either a pointer or an optional):
+//
+// If both x and y have valid pointees, returns the result of (*x == *y)
+// If only one has a valid pointee, returns false.
+// If none have valid pointees, returns true.
+// No-throw
+template<class OptionalPointee>
+inline
+bool equal_pointees ( OptionalPointee const& x, OptionalPointee const& y )
+{
+  return (!x) != (!y) ? false : ( !x ? true : (*x) == (*y) ) ;
+}
+
+template<class OptionalPointee>
+struct equal_pointees_t : std::binary_function<OptionalPointee,OptionalPointee,bool>
+{
+  bool operator() ( OptionalPointee const& x, OptionalPointee const& y ) const
+    { return equal_pointees(x,y) ; }
+} ;
+
+// template<class OP> bool less_pointees(OP const& x, OP const& y);
+// template<class OP> struct less_pointees_t;
+//
+// Being OP a model of OptionalPointee (either a pointer or an optional):
+//
+// If y has not a valid pointee, returns false.
+// ElseIf x has not a valid pointee, returns true.
+// ElseIf both x and y have valid pointees, returns the result of (*x < *y)
+// No-throw
+template<class OptionalPointee>
+inline
+bool less_pointees ( OptionalPointee const& x, OptionalPointee const& y )
+{
+  return !y ? false : ( !x ? true : (*x) < (*y) ) ;
+}
+
+template<class OptionalPointee>
+struct less_pointees_t : std::binary_function<OptionalPointee,OptionalPointee,bool>
+{
+  bool operator() ( OptionalPointee const& x, OptionalPointee const& y ) const
+    { return less_pointees(x,y) ; }
+} ;
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#endif
+
--- a/include/boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_prefix.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_prefix.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// Copyright (C) 2007, Tobias Schwinger.
+//
+// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/optional for documentation.
+//
+// You are welcome to contact the author at:
+//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
+//
+#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_DETAIL_INPLACE_FACTORY_PREFIX_04APR2007_HPP
+#define BOOST_UTILITY_DETAIL_INPLACE_FACTORY_PREFIX_04APR2007_HPP
+
+#include <new>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/punctuation/paren.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/iteration/iterate.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/repeat.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_binary_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_trailing_params.hpp>
+
+#define BOOST_DEFINE_INPLACE_FACTORY_CLASS_MEMBER_INIT(z,n,_) BOOST_PP_CAT(m_a,n) BOOST_PP_LPAREN() BOOST_PP_CAT(a,n) BOOST_PP_RPAREN()
+#define BOOST_DEFINE_INPLACE_FACTORY_CLASS_MEMBER_DECL(z,n,_) BOOST_PP_CAT(A,n) const& BOOST_PP_CAT(m_a,n);
+
+#define BOOST_MAX_INPLACE_FACTORY_ARITY 10
+
+#undef BOOST_UTILITY_DETAIL_INPLACE_FACTORY_SUFFIX_04APR2007_HPP
+
+#endif
+
--- a/include/boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_suffix.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_suffix.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// Copyright (C) 2007, Tobias Schwinger.
+//
+// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/optional for documentation.
+//
+// You are welcome to contact the author at:
+//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
+//
+#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_DETAIL_INPLACE_FACTORY_SUFFIX_04APR2007_HPP
+#define BOOST_UTILITY_DETAIL_INPLACE_FACTORY_SUFFIX_04APR2007_HPP
+
+#undef BOOST_DEFINE_INPLACE_FACTORY_CLASS_MEMBER_INIT
+#undef BOOST_DEFINE_INPLACE_FACTORY_CLASS_MEMBER_DECL
+#undef BOOST_MAX_INPLACE_FACTORY_ARITY
+
+#undef BOOST_UTILITY_DETAIL_INPLACE_FACTORY_PREFIX_04APR2007_HPP
+
+#endif
+
--- a/include/boost/utility/detail/result_of_iterate.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/detail/result_of_iterate.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,221 @@
+// Boost result_of library
+
+//  Copyright Douglas Gregor 2004. Use, modification and
+//  distribution is subject to the Boost Software License, Version
+//  1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+//  Copyright Daniel Walker, Eric Niebler, Michel Morin 2008-2012.
+//  Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+//  License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or
+//  copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// For more information, see http://www.boost.org/libs/utility
+#if !defined(BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING)
+# error Boost result_of - do not include this file!
+#endif
+
+// CWPro8 requires an argument in a function type specialization
+#if BOOST_WORKAROUND(__MWERKS__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x3002)) && BOOST_PP_ITERATION() == 0
+# define BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS void
+#else
+# define BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T)
+#endif
+
+#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x551))
+template<typename F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct tr1_result_of<F(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS)>
+    : mpl::if_<
+          mpl::or_< is_pointer<F>, is_member_function_pointer<F> >
+        , boost::detail::tr1_result_of_impl<
+            typename remove_cv<F>::type,
+            typename remove_cv<F>::type(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS),
+            (boost::detail::has_result_type<F>::value)>
+        , boost::detail::tr1_result_of_impl<
+            F,
+            F(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS),
+            (boost::detail::has_result_type<F>::value)> >::type { };
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE
+template<typename F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct result_of<F(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS)>
+    : detail::cpp0x_result_of<F(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS)> { };
+#endif // BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE
+
+#ifdef BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK
+template<typename F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct result_of<F(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS)>
+    : mpl::if_<mpl::or_<detail::has_result_type<F>, detail::has_result<F> >,
+               tr1_result_of<F(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS)>,
+               detail::cpp0x_result_of<F(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS)> >::type { };
+#endif // BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK
+
+#if defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE) || defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK)
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template<typename F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct cpp0x_result_of<F(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T))>
+    : mpl::if_<
+          is_member_function_pointer<F>
+        , detail::tr1_result_of_impl<
+            typename remove_cv<F>::type,
+            typename remove_cv<F>::type(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T)), false
+          >
+        , detail::cpp0x_result_of_impl<
+              F(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T))
+          >
+      >::type
+{};
+
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_SFINAE_EXPR
+
+template<typename F>
+struct BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_callable_fun_2_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION());
+
+template<typename R BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(), typename T)>
+struct BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_callable_fun_2_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION())<R(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(), T))> {
+    R operator()(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(), T)) const;
+    typedef result_of_private_type const &(*pfn_t)(...);
+    operator pfn_t() const volatile;
+};
+
+template<typename F>
+struct BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_callable_fun_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION());
+
+template<typename F>
+struct BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_callable_fun_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION())<F *>
+  : BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_callable_fun_2_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION())<F>
+{};
+
+template<typename F>
+struct BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_callable_fun_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION())<F &>
+  : BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_callable_fun_2_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION())<F>
+{};
+
+template<typename F>
+struct BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_select_call_wrapper_type_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION())
+  : mpl::eval_if<
+        is_class<typename remove_reference<F>::type>,
+        result_of_wrap_callable_class<F>,
+        mpl::identity<BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_callable_fun_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION())<typename remove_cv<F>::type> >
+    >
+{};
+
+template<typename F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(), typename T)>
+struct BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_is_callable_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION()) {
+    typedef typename BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_select_call_wrapper_type_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION())<F>::type wrapper_t;
+    static const bool value = (
+        sizeof(result_of_no_type) == sizeof(detail::result_of_is_private_type(
+            (boost::declval<wrapper_t>()(BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(), boost::declval<T, >() BOOST_PP_INTERCEPT)), result_of_weird_type())
+        ))
+    );
+    typedef mpl::bool_<value> type;
+};
+
+template<typename F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct cpp0x_result_of_impl<F(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T)), true>
+    : lazy_enable_if<
+          BOOST_PP_CAT(result_of_is_callable_, BOOST_PP_ITERATION())<F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(), T)>
+        , cpp0x_result_of_impl<F(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T)), false>
+      >
+{};
+
+template<typename F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct cpp0x_result_of_impl<F(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T)), false>
+{
+  typedef decltype(
+    boost::declval<F>()(
+      BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(), boost::declval<T, >() BOOST_PP_INTERCEPT)
+    )
+  ) type;
+};
+
+#else // BOOST_NO_SFINAE_EXPR
+
+template<typename F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct cpp0x_result_of_impl<F(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T)),
+                            typename result_of_always_void<decltype(
+                                boost::declval<F>()(
+                                    BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(), boost::declval<T, >() BOOST_PP_INTERCEPT)
+                                )
+                            )>::type> {
+  typedef decltype(
+    boost::declval<F>()(
+      BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(), boost::declval<T, >() BOOST_PP_INTERCEPT)
+    )
+  ) type;
+};
+
+#endif // BOOST_NO_SFINAE_EXPR
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+#else // defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE) || defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK)
+
+#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x551))
+template<typename F BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct result_of<F(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS)>
+    : tr1_result_of<F(BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS)> { };
+#endif
+
+#endif // defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE)
+
+#undef BOOST_RESULT_OF_ARGS
+
+#if BOOST_PP_ITERATION() >= 1
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template<typename R,  typename FArgs BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct tr1_result_of_impl<R (*)(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T)), FArgs, false>
+{
+  typedef R type;
+};
+
+template<typename R,  typename FArgs BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct tr1_result_of_impl<R (&)(BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T)), FArgs, false>
+{
+  typedef R type;
+};
+
+#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x551))
+template<typename R, typename FArgs BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct tr1_result_of_impl<R (T0::*)
+                     (BOOST_PP_ENUM_SHIFTED_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T)),
+                 FArgs, false>
+{
+  typedef R type;
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename FArgs BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct tr1_result_of_impl<R (T0::*)
+                     (BOOST_PP_ENUM_SHIFTED_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T))
+                     const,
+                 FArgs, false>
+{
+  typedef R type;
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename FArgs BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct tr1_result_of_impl<R (T0::*)
+                     (BOOST_PP_ENUM_SHIFTED_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T))
+                     volatile,
+                 FArgs, false>
+{
+  typedef R type;
+};
+
+template<typename R, typename FArgs BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),typename T)>
+struct tr1_result_of_impl<R (T0::*)
+                     (BOOST_PP_ENUM_SHIFTED_PARAMS(BOOST_PP_ITERATION(),T))
+                     const volatile,
+                 FArgs, false>
+{
+  typedef R type;
+};
+#endif
+
+}
+#endif
--- a/include/boost/utility/identity_type.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/identity_type.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+
+// Copyright (C) 2009-2012 Lorenzo Caminiti
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+// (see accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+// Home at http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/identity_type
+
+/** @file
+Wrap type expressions with round parenthesis so they can be passed to macros
+even if they contain commas.
+*/
+
+#ifndef BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE_HPP_
+#define BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE_HPP_
+
+#include <boost/type_traits/function_traits.hpp>
+
+/**
+@brief This macro allows to wrap the specified type expression within extra
+round parenthesis so the type can be passed as a single macro parameter even if
+it contains commas (not already wrapped within round parenthesis).
+
+@Params
+@Param{parenthesized_type,
+The type expression to be passed as macro parameter wrapped by a single set
+of round parenthesis <c>(...)</c>.
+This type expression can contain an arbitrary number of commas.
+}
+@EndParams
+
+This macro works on any C++03 compiler (it does not use variadic macros).
+
+This macro must be prefixed by <c>typename</c> when used within templates.
+Note that the compiler will not be able to automatically determine function
+template parameters when they are wrapped with this macro (these parameters
+need to be explicitly specified when calling the function template).
+
+On some compilers (like GCC), using this macro on abstract types requires to
+add and remove a reference to the specified type.
+*/
+#define BOOST_IDENTITY_TYPE(parenthesized_type) \
+    /* must NOT prefix this with `::` to work with parenthesized syntax */ \
+    boost::function_traits< void parenthesized_type >::arg1_type
+
+#endif // #include guard
+
--- a/include/boost/utility/in_place_factory.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/in_place_factory.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// Copyright (C) 2007, Tobias Schwinger.
+//
+// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/optional for documentation.
+//
+// You are welcome to contact the author at:
+//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
+//
+#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_INPLACE_FACTORY_04APR2007_HPP
+#ifndef BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING
+
+#include <boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_prefix.hpp>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+class in_place_factory_base {} ;
+
+#define  BOOST_PP_ITERATION_LIMITS (0, BOOST_MAX_INPLACE_FACTORY_ARITY)
+#define  BOOST_PP_FILENAME_1 <boost/utility/in_place_factory.hpp>
+#include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#include <boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_suffix.hpp>
+
+#define BOOST_UTILITY_INPLACE_FACTORY_04APR2007_HPP
+#else
+#define N BOOST_PP_ITERATION()
+
+#if N
+template< BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, class A) >
+#endif
+class BOOST_PP_CAT(in_place_factory,N)
+  : 
+  public in_place_factory_base
+{
+public:
+
+  explicit BOOST_PP_CAT(in_place_factory,N)
+      ( BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(N,A,const& a) )
+#if N > 0
+    : BOOST_PP_ENUM(N, BOOST_DEFINE_INPLACE_FACTORY_CLASS_MEMBER_INIT, _)
+#endif
+  {}
+
+  template<class T>
+  void* apply(void* address) const
+  {
+    return new(address) T( BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, m_a) );
+  }
+
+  template<class T>
+  void* apply(void* address, std::size_t n) const
+  {
+    for(char* next = address = this->BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE apply<T>(address);
+        !! --n;)
+      this->BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE apply<T>(next = next+sizeof(T));
+    return address; 
+  }
+
+  BOOST_PP_REPEAT(N, BOOST_DEFINE_INPLACE_FACTORY_CLASS_MEMBER_DECL, _)
+};
+
+#if N > 0
+template< BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, class A) >
+inline BOOST_PP_CAT(in_place_factory,N)< BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, A) >
+in_place( BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(N, A, const& a) )
+{
+  return BOOST_PP_CAT(in_place_factory,N)< BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, A) >
+      ( BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, a) );
+}
+#else
+inline in_place_factory0 in_place()
+{
+  return in_place_factory0();
+}
+#endif
+
+#undef N
+#endif
+#endif
+
--- a/include/boost/utility/result_of.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/result_of.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+// Boost result_of library
+
+//  Copyright Douglas Gregor 2004. Use, modification and
+//  distribution is subject to the Boost Software License, Version
+//  1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// For more information, see http://www.boost.org/libs/utility
+#ifndef BOOST_RESULT_OF_HPP
+#define BOOST_RESULT_OF_HPP
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/iteration/iterate.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_trailing_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_binary_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/repetition/enum_shifted_params.hpp>
+#include <boost/preprocessor/facilities/intercept.hpp>
+#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/has_xxx.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/if.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/eval_if.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/bool.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/identity.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/or.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/is_class.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/is_pointer.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/is_member_function_pointer.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/remove_cv.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/remove_reference.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/declval.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/enable_if.hpp>
+
+#ifndef BOOST_RESULT_OF_NUM_ARGS
+#  define BOOST_RESULT_OF_NUM_ARGS 16
+#endif
+
+// Use the decltype-based version of result_of by default if the compiler
+// supports N3276 <http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/papers/2011/n3276.pdf>.
+// The user can force the choice by defining BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE,
+// BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1, or BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK but not more than one!
+#if (defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE) && defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1)) || \
+    (defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE) && defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK)) || \
+    (defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1) && defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK))
+#  error More than one of BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE, BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1 and \
+  BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK cannot be defined at the same time.
+#endif
+
+#if defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK) && defined(BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_HAS_XXX_TEMPLATE)
+#  error Cannot fallback to decltype if BOOST_MPL_CFG_NO_HAS_XXX_TEMPLATE is not defined.
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1
+#  ifndef BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE
+#    ifndef BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK
+#      ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_DECLTYPE_N3276 // this implies !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_DECLTYPE)
+#        define BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE
+#      else
+#        define BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1
+#      endif
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+namespace boost {
+
+template<typename F> struct result_of;
+template<typename F> struct tr1_result_of; // a TR1-style implementation of result_of
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_SFINAE)
+namespace detail {
+
+BOOST_MPL_HAS_XXX_TRAIT_DEF(result_type)
+
+// Work around a nvcc bug by only defining has_result when it's needed.
+#ifdef BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK
+BOOST_MPL_HAS_XXX_TEMPLATE_DEF(result)
+#endif
+
+template<typename F, typename FArgs, bool HasResultType> struct tr1_result_of_impl;
+
+template<typename F> struct cpp0x_result_of;
+
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_SFINAE_EXPR
+
+// There doesn't seem to be any other way to turn this off such that the presence of
+// the user-defined operator,() below doesn't cause spurious warning all over the place,
+// so unconditionally turn it off.
+#if BOOST_MSVC
+#  pragma warning(disable: 4913) // user defined binary operator ',' exists but no overload could convert all operands, default built-in binary operator ',' used
+#endif
+
+struct result_of_private_type {};
+
+struct result_of_weird_type {
+  friend result_of_private_type operator,(result_of_private_type, result_of_weird_type);
+};
+
+typedef char result_of_yes_type;      // sizeof(result_of_yes_type) == 1
+typedef char (&result_of_no_type)[2]; // sizeof(result_of_no_type)  == 2
+
+template<typename T>
+result_of_no_type result_of_is_private_type(T const &);
+result_of_yes_type result_of_is_private_type(result_of_private_type);
+
+template<typename C>
+struct result_of_callable_class : C {
+    result_of_callable_class();
+    typedef result_of_private_type const &(*pfn_t)(...);
+    operator pfn_t() const volatile;
+};
+
+template<typename C>
+struct result_of_wrap_callable_class {
+  typedef result_of_callable_class<C> type;
+};
+
+template<typename C>
+struct result_of_wrap_callable_class<C const> {
+  typedef result_of_callable_class<C> const type;
+};
+
+template<typename C>
+struct result_of_wrap_callable_class<C volatile> {
+  typedef result_of_callable_class<C> volatile type;
+};
+
+template<typename C>
+struct result_of_wrap_callable_class<C const volatile> {
+  typedef result_of_callable_class<C> const volatile type;
+};
+
+template<typename C>
+struct result_of_wrap_callable_class<C &> {
+  typedef typename result_of_wrap_callable_class<C>::type &type;
+};
+
+template<typename F, bool TestCallability = true> struct cpp0x_result_of_impl;
+
+#else // BOOST_NO_SFINAE_EXPR
+
+template<typename T>
+struct result_of_always_void
+{
+  typedef void type;
+};
+
+template<typename F, typename Enable = void> struct cpp0x_result_of_impl {};
+
+#endif // BOOST_NO_SFINAE_EXPR
+
+template<typename F>
+struct result_of_void_impl
+{
+  typedef void type;
+};
+
+template<typename R>
+struct result_of_void_impl<R (*)(void)>
+{
+  typedef R type;
+};
+
+template<typename R>
+struct result_of_void_impl<R (&)(void)>
+{
+  typedef R type;
+};
+
+// Determine the return type of a function pointer or pointer to member.
+template<typename F, typename FArgs>
+struct result_of_pointer
+  : tr1_result_of_impl<typename remove_cv<F>::type, FArgs, false> { };
+
+template<typename F, typename FArgs>
+struct tr1_result_of_impl<F, FArgs, true>
+{
+  typedef typename F::result_type type;
+};
+
+template<typename FArgs>
+struct is_function_with_no_args : mpl::false_ {};
+
+template<typename F>
+struct is_function_with_no_args<F(void)> : mpl::true_ {};
+
+template<typename F, typename FArgs>
+struct result_of_nested_result : F::template result<FArgs>
+{};
+
+template<typename F, typename FArgs>
+struct tr1_result_of_impl<F, FArgs, false>
+  : mpl::if_<is_function_with_no_args<FArgs>,
+             result_of_void_impl<F>,
+             result_of_nested_result<F, FArgs> >::type
+{};
+
+} // end namespace detail
+
+#define BOOST_PP_ITERATION_PARAMS_1 (3,(0,BOOST_RESULT_OF_NUM_ARGS,<boost/utility/detail/result_of_iterate.hpp>))
+#include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
+
+#else
+#  define BOOST_NO_RESULT_OF 1
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#endif // BOOST_RESULT_OF_HPP
--- a/include/boost/utility/string_ref.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/string_ref.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,536 @@
+/*
+   Copyright (c) Marshall Clow 2012-2015.
+
+   Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+    For more information, see http://www.boost.org
+
+    Based on the StringRef implementation in LLVM (http://llvm.org) and
+    N3422 by Jeffrey Yasskin
+        http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3442.html
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef BOOST_STRING_REF_HPP
+#define BOOST_STRING_REF_HPP
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/string_ref_fwd.hpp>
+#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+    namespace detail {
+    //  A helper functor because sometimes we don't have lambdas
+        template <typename charT, typename traits>
+        class string_ref_traits_eq {
+        public:
+            string_ref_traits_eq ( charT ch ) : ch_(ch) {}
+            bool operator () ( charT val ) const { return traits::eq ( ch_, val ); }
+            charT ch_;
+            };
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    class basic_string_ref {
+    public:
+        // types
+        typedef charT value_type;
+        typedef const charT* pointer;
+        typedef const charT& reference;
+        typedef const charT& const_reference;
+        typedef pointer const_iterator; // impl-defined
+        typedef const_iterator iterator;
+        typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+        typedef const_reverse_iterator reverse_iterator;
+        typedef std::size_t size_type;
+        typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+        static BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST size_type npos = size_type(-1);
+
+        // construct/copy
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_ref ()
+            : ptr_(NULL), len_(0) {}
+
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_ref (const basic_string_ref &rhs)
+            : ptr_(rhs.ptr_), len_(rhs.len_) {}
+
+        basic_string_ref& operator=(const basic_string_ref &rhs) {
+            ptr_ = rhs.ptr_;
+            len_ = rhs.len_;
+            return *this;
+            }
+
+        basic_string_ref(const charT* str)
+            : ptr_(str), len_(traits::length(str)) {}
+
+        template<typename Allocator>
+        basic_string_ref(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>& str)
+            : ptr_(str.data()), len_(str.length()) {}
+
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_ref(const charT* str, size_type len)
+            : ptr_(str), len_(len) {}
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_OPERATORS
+        template<typename Allocator>
+        explicit operator std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>() const {
+            return std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> ( begin(), end());
+            }
+#endif
+
+        std::basic_string<charT, traits> to_string () const {
+            return std::basic_string<charT, traits> ( begin(), end());
+            }
+
+        // iterators
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator   begin() const { return ptr_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator  cbegin() const { return ptr_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator     end() const { return ptr_ + len_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator    cend() const { return ptr_ + len_; }
+                const_reverse_iterator  rbegin() const { return const_reverse_iterator (end()); }
+                const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const { return const_reverse_iterator (end()); }
+                const_reverse_iterator    rend() const { return const_reverse_iterator (begin()); }
+                const_reverse_iterator   crend() const { return const_reverse_iterator (begin()); }
+
+        // capacity
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type size()     const { return len_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type length()   const { return len_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type max_size() const { return len_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool empty()         const { return len_ == 0; }
+
+        // element access
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& operator[](size_type pos) const { return ptr_[pos]; }
+
+        const charT& at(size_t pos) const {
+            if ( pos >= len_ )
+                BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( std::out_of_range ( "boost::string_ref::at" ) );
+            return ptr_[pos];
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& front() const { return ptr_[0]; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT& back()  const { return ptr_[len_-1]; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const charT* data()  const { return ptr_; }
+
+        // modifiers
+        void clear() { len_ = 0; }
+        void remove_prefix(size_type n) {
+            if ( n > len_ )
+                n = len_;
+            ptr_ += n;
+            len_ -= n;
+            }
+
+        void remove_suffix(size_type n) {
+            if ( n > len_ )
+                n = len_;
+            len_ -= n;
+            }
+
+
+        // basic_string_ref string operations
+        basic_string_ref substr(size_type pos, size_type n=npos) const {
+            if ( pos > size())
+                BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( std::out_of_range ( "string_ref::substr" ) );
+            if ( n == npos || pos + n > size())
+                n = size () - pos;
+            return basic_string_ref ( data() + pos, n );
+            }
+
+        int compare(basic_string_ref x) const {
+            const int cmp = traits::compare ( ptr_, x.ptr_, (std::min)(len_, x.len_));
+            return cmp != 0 ? cmp : ( len_ == x.len_ ? 0 : len_ < x.len_ ? -1 : 1 );
+            }
+
+        bool starts_with(charT c) const { return !empty() && traits::eq ( c, front()); }
+        bool starts_with(basic_string_ref x) const {
+            return len_ >= x.len_ && traits::compare ( ptr_, x.ptr_, x.len_ ) == 0;
+            }
+
+        bool ends_with(charT c) const { return !empty() && traits::eq ( c, back()); }
+        bool ends_with(basic_string_ref x) const {
+            return len_ >= x.len_ && traits::compare ( ptr_ + len_ - x.len_, x.ptr_, x.len_ ) == 0;
+            }
+
+        size_type find(basic_string_ref s) const {
+            const_iterator iter = std::search ( this->cbegin (), this->cend (),
+                                                s.cbegin (), s.cend (), traits::eq );
+            return iter == this->cend () ? npos : std::distance ( this->cbegin (), iter );
+            }
+
+        size_type find(charT c) const {
+            const_iterator iter = std::find_if ( this->cbegin (), this->cend (),
+                                    detail::string_ref_traits_eq<charT, traits> ( c ));
+            return iter == this->cend () ? npos : std::distance ( this->cbegin (), iter );
+            }
+
+        size_type rfind(basic_string_ref s) const {
+            const_reverse_iterator iter = std::search ( this->crbegin (), this->crend (),
+                                                s.crbegin (), s.crend (), traits::eq );
+            return iter == this->crend () ? npos : reverse_distance ( this->crbegin (), iter );
+            }
+
+        size_type rfind(charT c) const {
+            const_reverse_iterator iter = std::find_if ( this->crbegin (), this->crend (),
+                                    detail::string_ref_traits_eq<charT, traits> ( c ));
+            return iter == this->crend () ? npos : reverse_distance ( this->crbegin (), iter );
+            }
+
+        size_type find_first_of(charT c) const { return  find (c); }
+        size_type find_last_of (charT c) const { return rfind (c); }
+
+        size_type find_first_of(basic_string_ref s) const {
+            const_iterator iter = std::find_first_of
+                ( this->cbegin (), this->cend (), s.cbegin (), s.cend (), traits::eq );
+            return iter == this->cend () ? npos : std::distance ( this->cbegin (), iter );
+            }
+
+        size_type find_last_of(basic_string_ref s) const {
+            const_reverse_iterator iter = std::find_first_of
+                ( this->crbegin (), this->crend (), s.cbegin (), s.cend (), traits::eq );
+            return iter == this->crend () ? npos : reverse_distance ( this->crbegin (), iter);
+            }
+
+        size_type find_first_not_of(basic_string_ref s) const {
+            const_iterator iter = find_not_of ( this->cbegin (), this->cend (), s );
+            return iter == this->cend () ? npos : std::distance ( this->cbegin (), iter );
+            }
+
+        size_type find_first_not_of(charT c) const {
+            for ( const_iterator iter = this->cbegin (); iter != this->cend (); ++iter )
+                if ( !traits::eq ( c, *iter ))
+                    return std::distance ( this->cbegin (), iter );
+            return npos;
+            }
+
+        size_type find_last_not_of(basic_string_ref s) const {
+            const_reverse_iterator iter = find_not_of ( this->crbegin (), this->crend (), s );
+            return iter == this->crend () ? npos : reverse_distance ( this->crbegin (), iter );
+            }
+
+        size_type find_last_not_of(charT c) const {
+            for ( const_reverse_iterator iter = this->crbegin (); iter != this->crend (); ++iter )
+                if ( !traits::eq ( c, *iter ))
+                    return reverse_distance ( this->crbegin (), iter );
+            return npos;
+            }
+
+    private:
+        template <typename r_iter>
+        size_type reverse_distance ( r_iter first, r_iter last ) const {
+            return len_ - 1 - std::distance ( first, last );
+            }
+
+        template <typename Iterator>
+        Iterator find_not_of ( Iterator first, Iterator last, basic_string_ref s ) const {
+            for ( ; first != last ; ++first )
+                if ( 0 == traits::find ( s.ptr_, s.len_, *first ))
+                    return first;
+            return last;
+            }
+
+
+
+        const charT *ptr_;
+        std::size_t len_;
+        };
+
+
+//  Comparison operators
+//  Equality
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator==(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        if ( x.size () != y.size ()) return false;
+        return x.compare(y) == 0;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator==(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) {
+        return x == basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator==(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) == y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator==(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const charT * y) {
+        return x == basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator==(const charT * x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) == y;
+        }
+
+//  Inequality
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator!=(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        if ( x.size () != y.size ()) return true;
+        return x.compare(y) != 0;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator!=(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) {
+        return x != basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator!=(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) != y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator!=(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const charT * y) {
+        return x != basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator!=(const charT * x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) != y;
+        }
+
+//  Less than
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return x.compare(y) < 0;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator<(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) {
+        return x < basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator<(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) < y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const charT * y) {
+        return x < basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<(const charT * x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) < y;
+        }
+
+//  Greater than
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return x.compare(y) > 0;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator>(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) {
+        return x > basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator>(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) > y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const charT * y) {
+        return x > basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>(const charT * x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) > y;
+        }
+
+//  Less than or equal to
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<=(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return x.compare(y) <= 0;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator<=(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) {
+        return x <= basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator<=(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) <= y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<=(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const charT * y) {
+        return x <= basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<=(const charT * x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) <= y;
+        }
+
+//  Greater than or equal to
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>=(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return x.compare(y) >= 0;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator>=(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) {
+        return x >= basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator>=(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) >= y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>=(basic_string_ref<charT, traits> x, const charT * y) {
+        return x >= basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>=(const charT * x, basic_string_ref<charT, traits> y) {
+        return basic_string_ref<charT, traits>(x) >= y;
+        }
+
+    namespace detail {
+
+        template<class charT, class traits>
+        inline void insert_fill_chars(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, std::size_t n) {
+            enum { chunk_size = 8 };
+            charT fill_chars[chunk_size];
+            std::fill_n(fill_chars, static_cast< std::size_t >(chunk_size), os.fill());
+            for (; n >= chunk_size && os.good(); n -= chunk_size)
+                os.write(fill_chars, static_cast< std::size_t >(chunk_size));
+            if (n > 0 && os.good())
+                os.write(fill_chars, n);
+            }
+
+        template<class charT, class traits>
+        void insert_aligned(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const basic_string_ref<charT,traits>& str) {
+            const std::size_t size = str.size();
+            const std::size_t alignment_size = static_cast< std::size_t >(os.width()) - size;
+            const bool align_left = (os.flags() & std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>::adjustfield) == std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>::left;
+            if (!align_left) {
+                detail::insert_fill_chars(os, alignment_size);
+                if (os.good())
+                    os.write(str.data(), size);
+                }
+            else {
+                os.write(str.data(), size);
+                if (os.good())
+                    detail::insert_fill_chars(os, alignment_size);
+                }
+            }
+
+        } // namespace detail
+
+    // Inserter
+    template<class charT, class traits>
+    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const basic_string_ref<charT,traits>& str) {
+        if (os.good()) {
+            const std::size_t size = str.size();
+            const std::size_t w = static_cast< std::size_t >(os.width());
+            if (w <= size)
+                os.write(str.data(), size);
+            else
+                detail::insert_aligned(os, str);
+            os.width(0);
+            }
+        return os;
+        }
+
+#if 0
+    // numeric conversions
+    //
+    //  These are short-term implementations.
+    //  In a production environment, I would rather avoid the copying.
+    //
+    inline int stoi (string_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoi ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline long stol (string_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stol ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline unsigned long stoul (string_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoul ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline long long stoll (string_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoll ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline unsigned long long stoull (string_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoull ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline float stof (string_ref str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stof ( std::string(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline double stod (string_ref str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stod ( std::string(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline long double stold (string_ref str, size_t* idx=0)  {
+        return std::stold ( std::string(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline int  stoi (wstring_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoi ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline long stol (wstring_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stol ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline unsigned long stoul (wstring_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoul ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline long long stoll (wstring_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoll ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline unsigned long long stoull (wstring_ref str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoull ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline float  stof (wstring_ref str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stof ( std::wstring(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline double stod (wstring_ref str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stod ( std::wstring(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline long double stold (wstring_ref str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stold ( std::wstring(str), idx );
+        }
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#if 0
+namespace std {
+    // Hashing
+    template<> struct hash<boost::string_ref>;
+    template<> struct hash<boost::u16string_ref>;
+    template<> struct hash<boost::u32string_ref>;
+    template<> struct hash<boost::wstring_ref>;
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- a/include/boost/utility/string_ref_fwd.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/string_ref_fwd.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+/*
+   Copyright (c) Marshall Clow 2012-2012.
+
+   Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+    For more information, see http://www.boost.org
+
+    Based on the StringRef implementation in LLVM (http://llvm.org) and
+    N3422 by Jeffrey Yasskin
+        http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3442.html
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef BOOST_STRING_REF_FWD_HPP
+#define BOOST_STRING_REF_FWD_HPP
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits = std::char_traits<charT> > class basic_string_ref;
+    typedef basic_string_ref<char,     std::char_traits<char> >        string_ref;
+    typedef basic_string_ref<wchar_t,  std::char_traits<wchar_t> >    wstring_ref;
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_CHAR16_T
+    typedef basic_string_ref<char16_t, std::char_traits<char16_t> > u16string_ref;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_CHAR32_T
+    typedef basic_string_ref<char32_t, std::char_traits<char32_t> > u32string_ref;
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#endif
--- a/include/boost/utility/string_view.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/string_view.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,666 @@
+/*
+   <20> Copyright (c) Marshall Clow 2012-2015.
+   <20> Copyright Beman Dawes 2015
+
+   Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+    For more information, see http://www.boost.org
+
+    Based on the StringRef implementation in LLVM (http://llvm.org) and
+    N3422 by Jeffrey Yasskin
+        http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3442.html
+    Updated July 2015 to reflect the Library Fundamentals TS
+        http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4480.html
+*/
+
+#ifndef BOOST_STRING_VIEW_HPP
+#define BOOST_STRING_VIEW_HPP
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility/string_view_fwd.hpp>
+#include <boost/throw_exception.hpp>
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+    namespace detail {
+    //  A helper functor because sometimes we don't have lambdas
+        template <typename charT, typename traits>
+        class string_view_traits_eq {
+        public:
+            string_view_traits_eq ( charT ch ) : ch_(ch) {}
+            bool operator () ( charT val ) const { return traits::eq ( ch_, val ); }
+            charT ch_;
+            };
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>  // traits defaulted in string_view_fwd.hpp
+    class basic_string_view {
+    public:
+      // types
+      typedef traits traits_type;
+      typedef charT value_type;
+      typedef charT* pointer;
+      typedef const charT* const_pointer;
+      typedef charT& reference;
+      typedef const charT& const_reference;
+      typedef const_pointer const_iterator; // impl-defined
+      typedef const_iterator iterator;
+      typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
+      typedef const_reverse_iterator reverse_iterator;
+      typedef std::size_t size_type;
+      typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+      static BOOST_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST size_type npos = size_type(-1);
+
+      // construct/copy
+      BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view() BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+        : ptr_(NULL), len_(0) {}
+
+      BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(const basic_string_view &rhs) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+        : ptr_(rhs.ptr_), len_(rhs.len_) {}
+
+      basic_string_view& operator=(const basic_string_view &rhs) BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+        ptr_ = rhs.ptr_;
+        len_ = rhs.len_;
+        return *this;
+        }
+
+      template<typename Allocator>
+        basic_string_view(const std::basic_string<charT, traits,
+          Allocator>& str) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+        : ptr_(str.data()), len_(str.length()) {}
+
+      BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(const charT* str)
+        : ptr_(str), len_(traits::length(str)) {}
+
+      BOOST_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(const charT* str, size_type len)
+        : ptr_(str), len_(len) {}
+
+        // iterators
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator   begin() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return ptr_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator  cbegin() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return ptr_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator     end() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return ptr_ + len_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_iterator    cend() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return ptr_ + len_; }
+                const_reverse_iterator  rbegin() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return const_reverse_iterator (end()); }
+                const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return const_reverse_iterator (end()); }
+                const_reverse_iterator    rend() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return const_reverse_iterator (begin()); }
+                const_reverse_iterator   crend() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return const_reverse_iterator (begin()); }
+
+        // capacity
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type size()     const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return len_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type length()   const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return len_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR size_type max_size() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return len_; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool empty()         const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {  return len_ == 0; }
+
+        // element access
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_reference operator[](size_type pos) const { return ptr_[pos]; }
+
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_reference at(size_t pos) const {
+            if ( pos >= len_ )
+                BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( std::out_of_range ( "boost::string_view::at" ) );
+            return ptr_[pos];
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_reference front() const { return ptr_[0]; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_reference back()  const { return ptr_[len_-1]; }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR const_pointer data()  const BOOST_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_; }
+
+        // modifiers
+        void clear() BOOST_NOEXCEPT { len_ = 0; }          // Boost extension
+
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void remove_prefix(size_type n) {
+            if ( n > len_ )
+                n = len_;
+            ptr_ += n;
+            len_ -= n;
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void remove_suffix(size_type n) {
+            if ( n > len_ )
+                n = len_;
+            len_ -= n;
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR void swap(basic_string_view& s) BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+            std::swap(ptr_, s.ptr_);
+            std::swap(len_, s.len_);
+            }
+
+
+        // basic_string_view string operations
+ 
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_OPERATORS
+        template<typename Allocator>
+        explicit operator std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>() const {
+            return std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>(begin(), end());
+            }
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_FUNCTION_TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_ARGS
+        template<typename Allocator = std::allocator<charT> >
+        std::basic_string<charT, traits> to_string(const Allocator& a = Allocator()) const {
+            return std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator>(begin(), end(), a);
+            }
+#else
+        std::basic_string<charT, traits> to_string() const {
+            return std::basic_string<charT, traits>(begin(), end());
+            }
+#endif
+
+        size_type copy( charT* s, size_type n, size_type pos = 0 ) const {
+            if ( pos > size())
+                BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( std::out_of_range ( "string_view::copy" ) );
+            size_type rlen = (std::min)(n, len_ - pos);
+            // use std::copy(begin() + pos, begin() + pos + rlen, s) rather than
+            // std::copy_n(begin() + pos, rlen, s) to support pre-C++11 standard libraries
+            std::copy(begin() + pos, begin() + pos + rlen, s);
+            return rlen;
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view substr(size_type pos, size_type n=npos) const {
+            if ( pos > size())
+                BOOST_THROW_EXCEPTION( std::out_of_range ( "string_view::substr" ) );
+            if ( n == npos || pos + n > size())
+                n = size () - pos;
+            return basic_string_view ( data() + pos, n );
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int compare(basic_string_view x) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+            const int cmp = traits::compare ( ptr_, x.ptr_, (std::min)(len_, x.len_));
+            return cmp != 0 ? cmp : ( len_ == x.len_ ? 0 : len_ < x.len_ ? -1 : 1 );
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int compare(size_type pos1, size_type n1, basic_string_view x)
+          const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+            return substr(pos1, n1).compare(x);
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int compare(size_type pos1, size_type n1,
+          basic_string_view x, size_type pos2, size_type n2) const {
+            return substr(pos1, n1).compare(x.substr(pos2, n2));
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int compare(const charT* x) const {
+            return compare(basic_string_view(x));
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int compare(size_type pos1, size_type n1, const charT* x) const {
+            return substr(pos1, n1).compare(basic_string_view(x));
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR int compare(size_type pos1, size_type n1,
+          const charT* x, size_type n2) const {
+            return substr(pos1, n1).compare(basic_string_view(x, n2));
+            }
+
+        //  Searches
+
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool starts_with(charT c) const {  // Boost extension
+            return !empty() && traits::eq ( c, front());
+            }  
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool starts_with(basic_string_view x) const {  // Boost extension
+            return len_ >= x.len_ && traits::compare ( ptr_, x.ptr_, x.len_ ) == 0;
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool ends_with(charT c) const {
+            return !empty() && traits::eq ( c, back());  // Boost extension
+            }
+        BOOST_CONSTEXPR bool ends_with(basic_string_view x) const {  // Boost extension
+            return len_ >= x.len_ && traits::compare ( ptr_ + len_ - x.len_,
+              x.ptr_, x.len_ ) == 0;
+            }
+
+        //  find
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+            if (pos > size())
+              return npos;
+            if (s.empty())
+              return pos;
+            const_iterator iter = std::search(this->cbegin() + pos, this->cend(),
+                                               s.cbegin (), s.cend (), traits::eq );
+            return iter == this->cend () ? npos : std::distance ( this->cbegin (), iter );
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+            { return find(basic_string_view(&c, 1), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const
+            { return find(basic_string_view(s, n), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const
+            { return find(basic_string_view(s), pos); }
+
+        //  rfind
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type rfind(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+            if (len_ < s.len_)
+              return npos;
+            if (pos > len_ - s.len_) 
+              pos = len_ - s.len_;
+            if (s.len_ == 0u)     // an empty string is always found
+              return pos;
+            for (const charT* cur = ptr_ + pos;; --cur) {
+                if (traits::compare(cur, s.ptr_, s.len_) == 0)
+                  return cur - ptr_;
+                if (cur == ptr_)
+                  return npos;
+                };
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type rfind(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+            { return rfind(basic_string_view(&c, 1), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type rfind(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const
+            { return rfind(basic_string_view(s, n), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type rfind(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const
+            { return rfind(basic_string_view(s), pos); }
+
+        //  find_first_of
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_of(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+            if (pos >= len_ || s.len_ == 0)
+              return npos;
+            const_iterator iter = std::find_first_of
+                (this->cbegin () + pos, this->cend (), s.cbegin (), s.cend (), traits::eq);
+            return iter == this->cend () ? npos : std::distance ( this->cbegin (), iter );
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_of(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+            { return find_first_of(basic_string_view(&c, 1), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const
+            { return find_first_of(basic_string_view(s, n), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const
+            { return find_first_of(basic_string_view(s), pos); }
+
+        //  find_last_of
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_of(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+            if (s.len_ == 0u)
+              return npos;
+            if (pos >= len_)
+              pos = 0;
+            else
+              pos = len_ - (pos+1);
+            const_reverse_iterator iter = std::find_first_of
+                ( this->crbegin () + pos, this->crend (), s.cbegin (), s.cend (), traits::eq );
+            return iter == this->crend () ? npos : reverse_distance ( this->crbegin (), iter);
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_of(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+            { return find_last_of(basic_string_view(&c, 1), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const
+            { return find_last_of(basic_string_view(s, n), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const
+            { return find_last_of(basic_string_view(s), pos); }
+
+        //  find_first_not_of
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_not_of(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+            if (pos >= len_)
+              return npos;
+            if (s.len_ == 0)
+              return pos;
+            const_iterator iter = find_not_of ( this->cbegin () + pos, this->cend (), s );
+            return iter == this->cend () ? npos : std::distance ( this->cbegin (), iter );
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_not_of(charT c, size_type pos = 0) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+            { return find_first_not_of(basic_string_view(&c, 1), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const
+            { return find_first_not_of(basic_string_view(s, n), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_first_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = 0) const
+            { return find_first_not_of(basic_string_view(s), pos); }
+
+        //  find_last_not_of
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_not_of(basic_string_view s, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+            if (pos >= len_)
+              pos = len_ - 1;;
+            if (s.len_ == 0u)
+              return pos;
+            pos = len_ - (pos+1);
+            const_reverse_iterator iter = find_not_of ( this->crbegin () + pos, this->crend (), s );
+            return iter == this->crend () ? npos : reverse_distance ( this->crbegin (), iter );
+            }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_not_of(charT c, size_type pos = npos) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
+            { return find_last_not_of(basic_string_view(&c, 1), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos, size_type n) const
+            { return find_last_not_of(basic_string_view(s, n), pos); }
+        BOOST_CXX14_CONSTEXPR size_type find_last_not_of(const charT* s, size_type pos = npos) const
+            { return find_last_not_of(basic_string_view(s), pos); }
+
+    private:
+        template <typename r_iter>
+        size_type reverse_distance ( r_iter first, r_iter last ) const {
+            return len_ - 1 - std::distance ( first, last );
+            }
+
+        template <typename Iterator>
+        Iterator find_not_of ( Iterator first, Iterator last, basic_string_view s ) const {
+            for ( ; first != last ; ++first )
+                if ( 0 == traits::find ( s.ptr_, s.len_, *first ))
+                    return first;
+            return last;
+            }
+
+
+
+        const charT *ptr_;
+        std::size_t len_;
+        };
+
+
+//  Comparison operators
+//  Equality
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator==(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT {
+        if ( x.size () != y.size ()) return false;
+        return x.compare(y) == 0;
+        }
+
+//  Inequality
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator!=(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        if ( x.size () != y.size ()) return true;
+        return x.compare(y) != 0;
+        }
+
+//  Less than
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x.compare(y) < 0;
+        }
+
+//  Greater than
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x.compare(y) > 0;
+        }
+
+//  Less than or equal to
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<=(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x.compare(y) <= 0;
+        }
+
+//  Greater than or equal to
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>=(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x.compare(y) >= 0;
+        }
+
+// "sufficient additional overloads of comparison functions"
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator==(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x == basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator==(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) == y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator==(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const charT * y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x == basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator==(const charT * x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) == y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator!=(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x != basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator!=(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) != y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator!=(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const charT * y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x != basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator!=(const charT * x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) != y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator<(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x < basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator<(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) < y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const charT * y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x < basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<(const charT * x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) < y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator>(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x > basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator>(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) > y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const charT * y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x > basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>(const charT * x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) > y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator<=(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x <= basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator<=(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) <= y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<=(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const charT * y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x <= basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator<=(const charT * x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) <= y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator>=(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x >= basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits, typename Allocator>
+    inline bool operator>=(const std::basic_string<charT, traits, Allocator> & x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) >= y;
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>=(basic_string_view<charT, traits> x,
+      const charT * y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return x >= basic_string_view<charT, traits>(y);
+        }
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits>
+    inline bool operator>=(const charT * x,
+      basic_string_view<charT, traits> y) BOOST_NOEXCEPT { 
+        return basic_string_view<charT, traits>(x) >= y;
+        }
+
+    namespace detail {
+
+        template<class charT, class traits>
+        inline void insert_fill_chars(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, std::size_t n) {
+            enum { chunk_size = 8 };
+            charT fill_chars[chunk_size];
+            std::fill_n(fill_chars, static_cast< std::size_t >(chunk_size), os.fill());
+            for (; n >= chunk_size && os.good(); n -= chunk_size)
+                os.write(fill_chars, static_cast< std::size_t >(chunk_size));
+            if (n > 0 && os.good())
+                os.write(fill_chars, n);
+            }
+
+        template<class charT, class traits>
+        void insert_aligned(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os, const basic_string_view<charT,traits>& str) {
+            const std::size_t size = str.size();
+            const std::size_t alignment_size = static_cast< std::size_t >(os.width()) - size;
+            const bool align_left = (os.flags() & std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>::adjustfield) == std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>::left;
+            if (!align_left) {
+                detail::insert_fill_chars(os, alignment_size);
+                if (os.good())
+                    os.write(str.data(), size);
+                }
+            else {
+                os.write(str.data(), size);
+                if (os.good())
+                    detail::insert_fill_chars(os, alignment_size);
+                }
+            }
+
+        } // namespace detail
+
+    // Inserter
+    template<class charT, class traits>
+    inline std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>&
+    operator<<(std::basic_ostream<charT, traits>& os,
+      const basic_string_view<charT,traits>& str) {
+        if (os.good()) {
+            const std::size_t size = str.size();
+            const std::size_t w = static_cast< std::size_t >(os.width());
+            if (w <= size)
+                os.write(str.data(), size);
+            else
+                detail::insert_aligned(os, str);
+            os.width(0);
+            }
+        return os;
+        }
+
+#if 0
+    // numeric conversions
+    //
+    //  These are short-term implementations.
+    //  In a production environment, I would rather avoid the copying.
+    //
+    inline int stoi (string_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoi ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline long stol (string_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stol ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline unsigned long stoul (string_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoul ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline long long stoll (string_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoll ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline unsigned long long stoull (string_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoull ( std::string(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline float stof (string_view str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stof ( std::string(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline double stod (string_view str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stod ( std::string(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline long double stold (string_view str, size_t* idx=0)  {
+        return std::stold ( std::string(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline int  stoi (wstring_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoi ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline long stol (wstring_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stol ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline unsigned long stoul (wstring_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoul ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline long long stoll (wstring_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoll ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline unsigned long long stoull (wstring_view str, size_t* idx=0, int base=10) {
+        return std::stoull ( std::wstring(str), idx, base );
+        }
+
+    inline float  stof (wstring_view str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stof ( std::wstring(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline double stod (wstring_view str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stod ( std::wstring(str), idx );
+        }
+
+    inline long double stold (wstring_view str, size_t* idx=0) {
+        return std::stold ( std::wstring(str), idx );
+        }
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#if 0
+namespace std {
+    // Hashing
+    template<> struct hash<boost::string_view>;
+    template<> struct hash<boost::u16string_view>;
+    template<> struct hash<boost::u32string_view>;
+    template<> struct hash<boost::wstring_view>;
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- a/include/boost/utility/string_view_fwd.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/string_view_fwd.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+   Copyright (c) Marshall Clow 2012-2012.
+
+   Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+    For more information, see http://www.boost.org
+
+    Based on the StringRef implementation in LLVM (http://llvm.org) and
+    N3422 by Jeffrey Yasskin
+        http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3442.html
+    Updated July 2015 to reflect the Library Fundamentals TS
+        http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2015/n4480.html
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef BOOST_STRING_VIEW_FWD_HPP
+#define BOOST_STRING_VIEW_FWD_HPP
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+    template<typename charT, typename traits = std::char_traits<charT> > class basic_string_view;
+    typedef basic_string_view<char,     std::char_traits<char> >        string_view;
+    typedef basic_string_view<wchar_t,  std::char_traits<wchar_t> >    wstring_view;
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_CHAR16_T
+    typedef basic_string_view<char16_t, std::char_traits<char16_t> > u16string_view;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_CHAR32_T
+    typedef basic_string_view<char32_t, std::char_traits<char32_t> > u32string_view;
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#endif
--- a/include/boost/utility/typed_in_place_factory.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/typed_in_place_factory.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright (C) 2003, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+// Copyright (C) 2007, Tobias Schwinger.
+//
+// Use, modification, and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/optional for documentation.
+//
+// You are welcome to contact the author at:
+//  fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com
+//
+#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_TYPED_INPLACE_FACTORY_04APR2007_HPP
+#ifndef BOOST_PP_IS_ITERATING
+
+#include <boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_prefix.hpp>
+
+namespace boost {
+
+class typed_in_place_factory_base {} ;
+
+#define  BOOST_PP_ITERATION_LIMITS (0, BOOST_MAX_INPLACE_FACTORY_ARITY)
+#define  BOOST_PP_FILENAME_1 <boost/utility/typed_in_place_factory.hpp>
+#include BOOST_PP_ITERATE()
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#include <boost/utility/detail/in_place_factory_suffix.hpp>
+
+#define BOOST_UTILITY_TYPED_INPLACE_FACTORY_04APR2007_HPP
+#else 
+#define N BOOST_PP_ITERATION()
+
+template< class T BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(N,class A) >
+class BOOST_PP_CAT(typed_in_place_factory,N) 
+  : 
+  public typed_in_place_factory_base
+{
+public:
+
+  typedef T value_type;
+
+  explicit BOOST_PP_CAT(typed_in_place_factory,N) 
+      ( BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(N, A, const& a) )
+#if N > 0
+    : BOOST_PP_ENUM(N, BOOST_DEFINE_INPLACE_FACTORY_CLASS_MEMBER_INIT, _)
+#endif
+  {}
+
+  void* apply (void* address) const
+  {
+    return new(address) T( BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, m_a) );
+  }
+
+  void* apply (void* address, std::size_t n) const
+  {
+    for(void* next = address = this->apply(address); !! --n;)
+      this->apply(next = static_cast<char *>(next) + sizeof(T));
+    return address; 
+  }
+
+  BOOST_PP_REPEAT(N, BOOST_DEFINE_INPLACE_FACTORY_CLASS_MEMBER_DECL, _)
+};
+
+template< class T BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(N, class A) >
+inline BOOST_PP_CAT(typed_in_place_factory,N)<
+    T BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(N, A) >
+in_place( BOOST_PP_ENUM_BINARY_PARAMS(N, A, const& a) )
+{
+  return BOOST_PP_CAT(typed_in_place_factory,N)< 
+      T BOOST_PP_ENUM_TRAILING_PARAMS(N, A) >( BOOST_PP_ENUM_PARAMS(N, a) );
+}
+
+#undef N
+#endif
+#endif
+
--- a/include/boost/utility/value_init.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility/value_init.hpp
@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+// (C) Copyright 2002-2008, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// 21 Ago 2002 (Created) Fernando Cacciola
+// 24 Dec 2007 (Refactored and worked around various compiler bugs) Fernando Cacciola, Niels Dekker
+// 23 May 2008 (Fixed operator= const issue, added initialized_value) Niels Dekker, Fernando Cacciola
+// 21 Ago 2008 (Added swap) Niels Dekker, Fernando Cacciola
+// 20 Feb 2009 (Fixed logical const-ness issues) Niels Dekker, Fernando Cacciola
+// 03 Apr 2010 (Added initialized<T>, suggested by Jeffrey Hellrung, fixing #3472) Niels Dekker
+// 30 May 2010 (Made memset call conditional, fixing #3869) Niels Dekker
+//
+#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_VALUE_INIT_21AGO2002_HPP
+#define BOOST_UTILITY_VALUE_INIT_21AGO2002_HPP
+
+// Note: The implementation of boost::value_initialized had to deal with the
+// fact that various compilers haven't fully implemented value-initialization.
+// The constructor of boost::value_initialized<T> works around these compiler
+// issues, by clearing the bytes of T, before constructing the T object it
+// contains. More details on these issues are at libs/utility/value_init.htm
+
+#include <boost/aligned_storage.hpp>
+#include <boost/config.hpp> // For BOOST_NO_COMPLETE_VALUE_INITIALIZATION.
+#include <boost/detail/workaround.hpp>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/cv_traits.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/alignment_of.hpp>
+#include <boost/swap.hpp>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <new>
+
+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+// It is safe to ignore the following warning from MSVC 7.1 or higher:
+// "warning C4351: new behavior: elements of array will be default initialized"
+#pragma warning(disable: 4351)
+// It is safe to ignore the following MSVC warning, which may pop up when T is 
+// a const type: "warning C4512: assignment operator could not be generated".
+#pragma warning(disable: 4512)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_COMPLETE_VALUE_INITIALIZATION
+  // Implementation detail: The macro BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND_SUGGESTED 
+  // suggests that a workaround should be applied, because of compiler issues 
+  // regarding value-initialization.
+  #define BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND_SUGGESTED
+#endif
+
+// Implementation detail: The macro BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND
+// switches the value-initialization workaround either on or off.
+#ifndef BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND
+  #ifdef BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND_SUGGESTED
+  #define BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND 1
+  #else
+  #define BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND 0
+  #endif
+#endif
+
+namespace boost {
+
+template<class T>
+class initialized
+{
+  private :
+    struct wrapper
+    {
+#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x592))
+      typename
+#endif 
+      remove_const<T>::type data;
+
+      BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+      wrapper()
+      :
+      data()
+      {
+      }
+
+      BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+      wrapper(T const & arg)
+      :
+      data(arg)
+      {
+      }
+    };
+
+    mutable
+#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(__BORLANDC__, BOOST_TESTED_AT(0x592))
+      typename
+#endif 
+      aligned_storage<sizeof(wrapper), alignment_of<wrapper>::value>::type x;
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    wrapper * wrapper_address() const
+    {
+      return static_cast<wrapper *>( static_cast<void*>(&x));
+    }
+
+  public :
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    initialized()
+    {
+#if BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND
+      std::memset(&x, 0, sizeof(x));
+#endif
+      new (wrapper_address()) wrapper();
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    initialized(initialized const & arg)
+    {
+      new (wrapper_address()) wrapper( static_cast<wrapper const &>(*(arg.wrapper_address())));
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    explicit initialized(T const & arg)
+    {
+      new (wrapper_address()) wrapper(arg);
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    initialized & operator=(initialized const & arg)
+    {
+      // Assignment is only allowed when T is non-const.
+      BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT( ! is_const<T>::value );
+      *wrapper_address() = static_cast<wrapper const &>(*(arg.wrapper_address()));
+      return *this;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    ~initialized()
+    {
+      wrapper_address()->wrapper::~wrapper();
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    T const & data() const
+    {
+      return wrapper_address()->data;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    T& data()
+    {
+      return wrapper_address()->data;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    void swap(initialized & arg)
+    {
+      ::boost::swap( this->data(), arg.data() );
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    operator T const &() const
+    {
+      return wrapper_address()->data;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    operator T&()
+    {
+      return wrapper_address()->data;
+    }
+
+} ;
+
+template<class T>
+BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+T const& get ( initialized<T> const& x )
+{
+  return x.data() ;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+T& get ( initialized<T>& x )
+{
+  return x.data() ;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+void swap ( initialized<T> & lhs, initialized<T> & rhs )
+{
+  lhs.swap(rhs) ;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+class value_initialized
+{
+  private :
+
+    // initialized<T> does value-initialization by default.
+    initialized<T> m_data;
+
+  public :
+    
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    value_initialized()
+    :
+    m_data()
+    { }
+    
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    T const & data() const
+    {
+      return m_data.data();
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    T& data()
+    {
+      return m_data.data();
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    void swap(value_initialized & arg)
+    {
+      m_data.swap(arg.m_data);
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    operator T const &() const
+    {
+      return m_data;
+    }
+
+    BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+    operator T&()
+    {
+      return m_data;
+    }
+} ;
+
+
+template<class T>
+BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+T const& get ( value_initialized<T> const& x )
+{
+  return x.data() ;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+T& get ( value_initialized<T>& x )
+{
+  return x.data() ;
+}
+
+template<class T>
+BOOST_GPU_ENABLED
+void swap ( value_initialized<T> & lhs, value_initialized<T> & rhs )
+{
+  lhs.swap(rhs) ;
+}
+
+
+class initialized_value_t
+{
+  public :
+    
+    template <class T> BOOST_GPU_ENABLED operator T() const
+    {
+      return initialized<T>().data();
+    }
+};
+
+initialized_value_t const initialized_value = {} ;
+
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
+		<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0">
+		<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+		<title>Boost Utility Library</title>
+	</head>
+	<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
+		<h1><IMG SRC="../../boost.png" WIDTH="276" HEIGHT="86" align="center">Boost 
+			Utility Library</h1>
+		<p>The Boost Utility Library isn't really a single library at all. It is just a 
+			collection for components too small to be called libraries in their own right.</p>
+		<p>But that doesn't mean there isn't useful stuff here. Take a look:</p>
+		<blockquote>
+			<p>
+				<a href="../core/doc/html/core/addressof.html">addressof</a> (moved to the Boost.Core library)<br>
+				<a href="doc/html/base_from_member.html">base_from_member</a><br>
+				<a href="utility.htm#BOOST_BINARY">BOOST_BINARY</a><br>
+				<a href="call_traits.htm">call_traits</a><br>
+				<a href="../core/doc/html/core/checked_delete.html">checked_delete</a> (moved to the Boost.Core library)<br>
+				<a href="doc/html/compressed_pair.html">compressed_pair</a><br>
+				<a href="doc/html/declval.html">declval</a><br>
+				<a href="../core/doc/html/core/enable_if.html">enable_if</a> (moved to the Boost.Core library)<br>
+				<a href="in_place_factories.html">in_place_factory</a><br>
+				<a href="iterator_adaptors.htm">iterator_adaptors</a><br>
+				<a href="generator_iterator.htm">generator iterator adaptors</a><br>
+				<a href="utility.htm#functions_next_prior">next/prior</a><br>
+				<a href="../core/doc/html/core/noncopyable.html">noncopyable</a> (moved to the Boost.Core library)<br>
+				<a href="operators.htm">operators</a><br>
+				<a href="utility.htm#result_of">result_of</a><br>
+				<a href="throw_exception.html">throw_exception</a><br>
+				<a href="utility.htm">utility</a><br>
+            <a href="doc/html/string_ref.html">string_ref</a><br>
+            <a href="value_init.htm">value_init</a><br>
+         </p>
+		</blockquote>
+		<hr>
+		<p>&copy; Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001</p>
+        <p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See 
+        accompanying file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
+        LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy at
+        <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">
+        www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
+		<p>Revised 
+			<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->07 November, 2006<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39368" --></p>
+		</body>
+</html>
--- a/initialized_test.cpp
+++ b/initialized_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Copyright 2010, Niels Dekker.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// Test program for boost::initialized<T>.
+//
+// 2 May 2010 (Created) Niels Dekker
+
+#include <boost/utility/value_init.hpp>
+#include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace
+{
+  // Typical use case for boost::initialized<T>: A generic class that 
+  // holds a value of type T, which must be initialized by either 
+  // value-initialization or direct-initialization.
+  template <class T> class key_value_pair
+  {
+    std::string m_key;
+    boost::initialized<T> m_value;
+  public:
+ 
+    // Value-initializes the object held by m_value.
+    key_value_pair() { }
+
+    // Value-initializes the object held by m_value.
+    explicit key_value_pair(const std::string& key)
+    :
+    m_key(key)
+    {
+    }
+
+    // Direct-initializes the object held by m_value.
+    key_value_pair(const std::string& key, const T& value)
+    :
+    m_key(key), m_value(value)
+    {
+    }
+
+    const T& get_value() const
+    {
+      return m_value;
+    }
+  };
+
+
+  // Tells whether the argument is value-initialized.
+  bool is_value_initialized(const int& arg)
+  {
+    return arg == 0;
+  }
+
+
+  // Tells whether the argument is value-initialized.
+  bool is_value_initialized(const std::string& arg)
+  {
+    return arg.empty();
+  }
+
+  struct foo
+  {
+    int data;
+  };
+
+  bool operator==(const foo& lhs, const foo& rhs)
+  {
+    return lhs.data == rhs.data;
+  }
+
+
+  // Tells whether the argument is value-initialized.
+  bool is_value_initialized(const foo& arg)
+  {
+    return arg.data == 0;
+  }
+
+
+  template <class T>
+  void test_key_value_pair(const T& magic_value)
+  {
+    // The value component of a default key_value_pair must be value-initialized.
+    key_value_pair<T> default_key_value_pair;
+    BOOST_TEST( is_value_initialized(default_key_value_pair.get_value() ) );
+
+    // The value component of a key_value_pair that only has its key explicitly specified
+    // must also be value-initialized.
+    BOOST_TEST( is_value_initialized(key_value_pair<T>("key").get_value()) );
+
+    // However, the value component of the following key_value_pair must be 
+    // "magic_value", as it must be direct-initialized.
+    BOOST_TEST( key_value_pair<T>("key", magic_value).get_value() == magic_value );
+  }
+}
+
+
+// Tests boost::initialize for a fundamental type, a type with a
+// user-defined constructor, and a user-defined type without 
+// a user-defined constructor.
+int main()
+{
+
+  const int magic_number = 42;
+  test_key_value_pair(magic_number);
+
+  const std::string magic_string = "magic value";
+  test_key_value_pair(magic_string);
+
+  const foo magic_foo = { 42 };
+  test_key_value_pair(magic_foo);
+
+  return boost::report_errors();
+}
--- a/initialized_test_fail1.cpp
+++ b/initialized_test_fail1.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright 2010, Niels Dekker.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// Test program for boost::initialized<T>. Must fail to compile.
+//
+// Initial: 2 May 2010
+
+#include <boost/utility/value_init.hpp>
+
+namespace
+{
+  void direct_initialize_from_int()
+  {
+    // Okay: initialized<T> supports direct-initialization from T.
+    boost::initialized<int> direct_initialized_int(1);
+  }
+
+  void copy_initialize_from_int()
+  {
+    // The following line should not compile, because initialized<T> 
+    // was not intended to supports copy-initialization from T.
+    boost::initialized<int> copy_initialized_int = 1;
+  }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  // This should fail to compile, so there is no need to call any function.
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/initialized_test_fail2.cpp
+++ b/initialized_test_fail2.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2010, Niels Dekker.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// Test program for boost::initialized<T>. Must fail to compile.
+//
+// Initial: 2 May 2010
+
+#include <boost/utility/value_init.hpp>
+
+namespace
+{
+  void from_value_initialized_to_initialized()
+  {
+    boost::value_initialized<int> value_initialized_int;
+
+    // Okay: initialized<T> can be initialized by value_initialized<T>.
+    boost::initialized<int> initialized_int(value_initialized_int);
+  }
+
+  void from_initialized_to_value_initialized()
+  {
+    boost::initialized<int> initialized_int(13);
+
+    // The following line should not compile, because initialized<T>
+    // should not be convertible to value_initialized<T>.
+    boost::value_initialized<int> value_initialized_int(initialized_int);
+  }
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+  // This should fail to compile, so there is no need to call any function.
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/iterator_adaptors.htm
+++ b/iterator_adaptors.htm
@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+<!-- Copyright David Abrahams 2004. Distributed under the Boost -->
+<!-- Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying -->
+<!-- file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt) -->
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0; URL=../iterator/doc/index.html">
+</head>
+<body>
+This documentation moved to <a href="../iterator/doc/index.html">../iterator/doc/index.html</a>.
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/iterators_test.cpp
+++ b/iterators_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+//  Demonstrate and test boost/operators.hpp on std::iterators  --------------//
+
+//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  29 May 01 Factored implementation, added comparison tests, use Test Tools
+//            library (Daryle Walker)
+//  12 Dec 99 Initial version with iterator operators (Jeremy Siek)
+
+#define  BOOST_INCLUDE_MAIN
+#include <boost/test/test_tools.hpp>  // for main
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>     // for BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT
+#include <boost/cstdlib.hpp>    // for boost::exit_success
+#include <boost/operators.hpp>  // for boost::random_access_iterator_helper
+
+#include <cstddef>    // for std::ptrdiff_t, std::size_t
+#include <cstring>    // for std::strcmp
+#include <iostream>   // for std::cout (std::endl, ends, and flush indirectly)
+#include <string>     // for std::string
+#include <sstream>    // for std::stringstream
+
+# ifdef BOOST_NO_STDC_NAMESPACE
+    namespace std { using ::strcmp; }
+# endif
+
+
+// Iterator test class
+template <class T, class R, class P>
+struct test_iter
+  : public boost::random_access_iterator_helper<
+     test_iter<T,R,P>, T, std::ptrdiff_t, P, R>
+{
+  typedef test_iter self;
+  typedef R Reference;
+  typedef std::ptrdiff_t Distance;
+
+public:
+  explicit test_iter(T* i =0) : _i(i) { }
+  test_iter(const self& x) : _i(x._i) { }
+  self& operator=(const self& x) { _i = x._i; return *this; }
+  Reference operator*() const { return *_i; }
+  self& operator++() { ++_i; return *this; }
+  self& operator--() { --_i; return *this; }
+  self& operator+=(Distance n) { _i += n; return *this; }
+  self& operator-=(Distance n) { _i -= n; return *this; }
+  bool operator==(const self& x) const { return _i == x._i; }
+  bool operator<(const self& x) const { return _i < x._i; }
+  friend Distance operator-(const self& x, const self& y) {
+    return x._i - y._i; 
+  }
+protected:
+  P _i;
+};
+
+// Iterator operator testing classes
+class test_opr_base
+{
+protected:
+    // Test data and types
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT( std::size_t, fruit_length = 6u );
+
+    typedef std::string  fruit_array_type[ fruit_length ];
+
+    static  fruit_array_type    fruit;
+
+};  // test_opr_base
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_INCLASS_MEMBER_INITIALIZATION
+//  A definition is required even for integral static constants
+const std::size_t test_opr_base::fruit_length;
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename R = T&, typename P = T*>
+class test_opr
+    : public test_opr_base
+{
+    typedef test_opr<T, R, P>  self_type;
+
+public:
+    // Types
+    typedef T  value_type;
+    typedef R  reference;
+    typedef P  pointer;
+
+    typedef test_iter<T, R, P>  iter_type;
+
+    // Test controller
+    static  void  master_test( char const name[] );
+
+private:
+    // Test data
+    static iter_type const  fruit_begin;
+    static iter_type const  fruit_end;
+
+    // Test parts
+    static  void  post_increment_test();
+    static  void  post_decrement_test();
+    static  void  indirect_referral_test();
+    static  void  offset_addition_test();
+    static  void  reverse_offset_addition_test();
+    static  void  offset_subtraction_test();
+    static  void  comparison_test();
+    static  void  indexing_test();
+
+};  // test_opr
+
+
+// Class-static data definitions
+test_opr_base::fruit_array_type
+ test_opr_base::fruit = { "apple", "orange", "pear", "peach", "grape", "plum" };
+
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+  typename test_opr<T, R, P>::iter_type const
+ test_opr<T, R, P>::fruit_begin = test_iter<T,R,P>( fruit );
+
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+typename test_opr<T, R, P>::iter_type const
+ test_opr<T, R, P>::fruit_end = test_iter<T,R,P>( fruit + fruit_length );
+
+
+// Main testing function
+int
+test_main( int , char * [] )
+{
+    using std::string;
+
+    typedef test_opr<string, string &, string *>              test1_type;
+    typedef test_opr<string, string const &, string const *>  test2_type;
+
+    test1_type::master_test( "non-const string" );
+    test2_type::master_test( "const string" );
+
+    return boost::exit_success;
+}
+
+// Tests for all of the operators added by random_access_iterator_helper
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+void
+test_opr<T, R, P>::master_test
+(
+    char const  name[]
+)
+{
+    std::cout << "Doing test run for " << name << '.' << std::endl;
+
+    post_increment_test();
+    post_decrement_test();
+    indirect_referral_test();
+    offset_addition_test();
+    reverse_offset_addition_test();
+    offset_subtraction_test();
+    comparison_test();
+    indexing_test();
+}
+
+// Test post-increment
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+void
+test_opr<T, R, P>::post_increment_test
+(
+)
+{
+    std::cout << "\tDoing post-increment test." << std::endl;
+
+    std::stringstream oss;
+    for ( iter_type i = fruit_begin ; i != fruit_end ; )
+    {
+        oss << *i++ << ' ';
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( oss.str() == "apple orange pear peach grape plum ");
+}
+
+// Test post-decrement
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+void
+test_opr<T, R, P>::post_decrement_test
+(
+)
+{
+    std::cout << "\tDoing post-decrement test." << std::endl;
+
+    std::stringstream oss;
+    for ( iter_type i = fruit_end ; i != fruit_begin ; )
+    {
+        i--;
+        oss << *i << ' ';
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( oss.str() == "plum grape peach pear orange apple ");
+}
+
+// Test indirect structure referral
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+void
+test_opr<T, R, P>::indirect_referral_test
+(
+)
+{
+    std::cout << "\tDoing indirect reference test." << std::endl;
+
+    std::stringstream oss;
+    for ( iter_type i = fruit_begin ; i != fruit_end ; ++i )
+    {
+        oss << i->size() << ' ';
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( oss.str() == "5 6 4 5 5 4 ");
+}
+
+// Test offset addition
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+void
+test_opr<T, R, P>::offset_addition_test
+(
+)
+{
+    std::cout << "\tDoing offset addition test." << std::endl;
+
+    std::ptrdiff_t const  two = 2;
+    std::stringstream oss;
+    for ( iter_type i = fruit_begin ; i != fruit_end ; i = i + two )
+    {
+        oss << *i << ' ';
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( oss.str() == "apple pear grape ");
+}
+
+// Test offset addition, in reverse order
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+void
+test_opr<T, R, P>::reverse_offset_addition_test
+(
+)
+{
+    std::cout << "\tDoing reverse offset addition test." << std::endl;
+
+    std::ptrdiff_t const  two = 2;
+    std::stringstream oss;
+    for ( iter_type i = fruit_begin ; i != fruit_end ; i = two + i )
+    {
+        oss << *i << ' ';
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( oss.str() == "apple pear grape ");
+}
+
+// Test offset subtraction
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+void
+test_opr<T, R, P>::offset_subtraction_test
+(
+)
+{
+    std::cout << "\tDoing offset subtraction test." << std::endl;
+
+    std::ptrdiff_t const  two = 2;
+    std::stringstream oss;
+    for ( iter_type i = fruit_end ; fruit_begin < i ; )
+    {
+        i = i - two;
+        if ( (fruit_begin < i) || (fruit_begin == i) )
+        {
+            oss << *i << ' ';
+        }
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( oss.str() == "grape pear apple ");
+}
+
+// Test comparisons
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+void
+test_opr<T, R, P>::comparison_test
+(
+)
+{
+    using std::cout;
+    using std::ptrdiff_t;
+
+    cout << "\tDoing comparison tests.\n\t\tPass:";
+
+    for ( iter_type i = fruit_begin ; i != fruit_end ; ++i )
+    {
+        ptrdiff_t const  i_offset = i - fruit_begin;
+
+        cout << ' ' << *i << std::flush;
+        for ( iter_type j = fruit_begin ; j != fruit_end ; ++j )
+        {
+            ptrdiff_t const  j_offset = j - fruit_begin;
+
+            BOOST_CHECK( (i != j) == (i_offset != j_offset) );
+            BOOST_CHECK( (i > j) == (i_offset > j_offset) );
+            BOOST_CHECK( (i <= j) == (i_offset <= j_offset) );
+            BOOST_CHECK( (i >= j) == (i_offset >= j_offset) );
+        }
+    }
+    cout << std::endl;
+}
+
+// Test indexing
+template <typename T, typename R, typename P>
+void
+test_opr<T, R, P>::indexing_test
+(
+)
+{
+    std::cout << "\tDoing indexing test." << std::endl;
+
+    std::stringstream oss;
+    for ( std::size_t k = 0u ; k < fruit_length ; ++k )
+    {
+        oss << fruit_begin[ k ] << ' ';
+    }
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( oss.str() == "apple orange pear peach grape plum ");
+}
--- a/meta/libraries.json
+++ b/meta/libraries.json
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+[
+    {
+        "key": "utility",
+        "name": "Utility",
+        "authors": [
+            "Dave Abrahams and others"
+        ],
+        "description": "Class noncopyable plus checked_delete(), checked_array_delete(), next(), prior() function templates, plus base-from-member idiom.",
+        "documentation": "utility.htm",
+        "category": [
+            "Algorithms",
+            "Function-objects",
+            "Memory",
+            "Miscellaneous",
+            "Patterns"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "key": "utility/call_traits",
+        "name": "Call Traits",
+        "authors": [
+            "John Maddock, Howard Hinnant, et al"
+        ],
+        "description": "Defines types for passing parameters.",
+        "documentation": "call_traits.htm",
+        "category": [
+            "Generic"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "key": "utility/compressed_pair",
+        "name": "Compressed Pair",
+        "authors": [
+            "John Maddock, Howard Hinnant, et al"
+        ],
+        "description": "Empty member optimization.",
+        "documentation": "compressed_pair.htm",
+        "category": [
+            "Data",
+            "Patterns"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "key": "utility/identity_type",
+        "name": "Identity Type",
+        "authors": [
+            "Lorenzo Caminiti"
+        ],
+        "description": "Wrap types within round parenthesis so they can always be passed as macro parameters.",
+        "documentation": "identity_type/",
+        "category": [
+            "Preprocessor"
+        ],
+        "maintainers": [
+            "Lorenzo Caminiti <lorcaminiti -at- gmail.com>"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "key": "utility/in_place_factories",
+        "name": "In Place Factory, Typed In Place Factory",
+        "authors": [
+            "Fernando Cacciola"
+        ],
+        "description": "Generic in-place construction of contained objects with a variadic argument-list.",
+        "documentation": "in_place_factories.html",
+        "category": [
+            "Generic"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "key": "utility/operators",
+        "name": "Operators",
+        "authors": [
+            "Dave Abrahams",
+            "Jeremy Siek"
+        ],
+        "description": "Templates ease arithmetic classes and iterators.",
+        "documentation": "operators.htm",
+        "category": [
+            "Generic",
+            "Iterators",
+            "Math"
+        ],
+        "maintainers": [
+            "Daniel Frey <d.frey -at- gmx.de>"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "key": "utility/result_of",
+        "name": "Result Of",
+        "description": "Determines the type of a function call expression.",
+        "documentation": "utility.htm#result_of",
+        "category": [
+            "Function-objects"
+        ],
+        "authors": "",
+        "maintainers": [
+            "Daniel Walker <daniel.j.walker -at- gmail.com>"
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        "key": "utility/value_initialized",
+        "name": "Value Initialized",
+        "authors": [
+            "Fernando Cacciola"
+        ],
+        "description": "Wrapper for uniform-syntax value initialization, based on the original idea of David Abrahams.",
+        "documentation": "value_init.htm",
+        "category": [
+            "Miscellaneous"
+        ]
+    }
+]
--- a/numeric_traits_test.cpp
+++ b/numeric_traits_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2001.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  1  Apr 2001 Fixes for ICL; use BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT
+//  11 Feb 2001 Fixes for Borland (David Abrahams)
+//  23 Jan 2001 Added test for wchar_t (David Abrahams)
+//  23 Jan 2001 Now statically selecting a test for signed numbers to avoid
+//              warnings with fancy compilers. Added commentary and
+//              additional dumping of traits data for tested types (David
+//              Abrahams).
+//  21 Jan 2001 Initial version (David Abrahams)
+
+#include <boost/detail/numeric_traits.hpp>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/cstdint.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility.hpp>
+#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
+#include <climits>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
+# include <limits>
+#endif
+
+// =================================================================================
+// template class complement_traits<Number> --
+//
+//    statically computes the max and min for 1s and 2s-complement binary
+//    numbers. This helps on platforms without <limits> support. It also shows
+//    an example of a recursive template that works with MSVC!
+//
+
+template <unsigned size> struct complement; // forward
+
+// The template complement, below, does all the real work, using "poor man's
+// partial specialization". We need complement_traits_aux<> so that MSVC doesn't
+// complain about undefined min/max as we're trying to recursively define them. 
+template <class Number, unsigned size>
+struct complement_traits_aux
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, max = complement<size>::template traits<Number>::max);
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, min = complement<size>::template traits<Number>::min);
+};
+
+template <unsigned size>
+struct complement
+{
+    template <class Number>
+    struct traits
+    {
+     private:
+        // indirection through complement_traits_aux necessary to keep MSVC happy
+        typedef complement_traits_aux<Number, size - 1> prev;
+     public:
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 0 && __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ == 2
+        // GCC 4.0.2 ICEs on these C-style casts
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, max =
+                            Number((prev::max) << CHAR_BIT)
+                            + Number(UCHAR_MAX));
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, min = Number((prev::min) << CHAR_BIT));
+#else
+        // Avoid left shifting negative integers, use multiplication instead
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, shift = 1u << CHAR_BIT);
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, max =
+                            Number(Number(prev::max) * shift)
+                            + Number(UCHAR_MAX));
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, min = Number(Number(prev::min) * shift));
+#endif
+    };
+};
+
+// Template class complement_base<> -- defines values for min and max for
+// complement<1>, at the deepest level of recursion. Uses "poor man's partial
+// specialization" again.
+template <bool is_signed> struct complement_base;
+
+template <> struct complement_base<false>
+{
+    template <class Number>
+    struct values
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, min = 0);
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, max = UCHAR_MAX);
+    };
+};
+
+template <> struct complement_base<true>
+{
+    template <class Number>
+    struct values
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, min = SCHAR_MIN);
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, max = SCHAR_MAX);
+    };
+};
+
+// Base specialization of complement, puts an end to the recursion.
+template <>
+struct complement<1>
+{
+    template <class Number>
+    struct traits
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(bool, is_signed = boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, min =
+                            complement_base<is_signed>::template values<Number>::min);
+        BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, max =
+                            complement_base<is_signed>::template values<Number>::max);
+    };
+};
+
+// Now here's the "pretty" template you're intended to actually use.
+//   complement_traits<Number>::min, complement_traits<Number>::max are the
+//   minimum and maximum values of Number if Number is a built-in integer type.
+template <class Number>
+struct complement_traits
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, max = (complement_traits_aux<Number, sizeof(Number)>::max));
+    BOOST_STATIC_CONSTANT(Number, min = (complement_traits_aux<Number, sizeof(Number)>::min));
+};
+
+// =================================================================================
+
+// Support for streaming various numeric types in exactly the format I want. I
+// needed this in addition to all the assertions so that I could see exactly
+// what was going on.
+//
+// Numbers go through a 2-stage conversion process (by default, though, no real
+// conversion).
+//
+template <class T> struct stream_as {
+    typedef T t1;
+    typedef T t2;
+};
+
+// char types first get converted to unsigned char, then to unsigned.
+template <> struct stream_as<char> {
+    typedef unsigned char t1;
+    typedef unsigned t2;
+};
+template <> struct stream_as<unsigned char> {
+    typedef unsigned char t1; typedef unsigned t2;
+};
+template <> struct stream_as<signed char>  {
+    typedef unsigned char t1; typedef unsigned t2;
+};
+
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC_STD_ITERATOR) // No intmax streaming built-in
+
+// With this library implementation, __int64 and __uint64 get streamed as strings
+template <> struct stream_as<boost::uintmax_t> {
+    typedef std::string t1;
+    typedef std::string t2;
+};
+
+template <> struct stream_as<boost::intmax_t>  {
+    typedef std::string t1;
+    typedef std::string t2;
+};
+#endif
+
+// Standard promotion process for streaming
+template <class T> struct promote
+{
+    static typename stream_as<T>::t1 from(T x) {
+        typedef typename stream_as<T>::t1 t1;
+        return t1(x);
+    }
+};
+
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC_STD_ITERATOR) // No intmax streaming built-in
+
+// On this platform, stream them as long/unsigned long if they fit.
+// Otherwise, write a string.
+template <> struct promote<boost::uintmax_t> {
+    std::string static from(const boost::uintmax_t x) {
+        if (x > ULONG_MAX)
+            return std::string("large unsigned value");
+        else
+            return boost::lexical_cast<std::string>((unsigned long)x);
+    }
+};
+template <> struct promote<boost::intmax_t> {
+    std::string static from(const boost::intmax_t x) {
+        if (x > boost::intmax_t(ULONG_MAX))
+            return std::string("large positive signed value");
+        else if (x >= 0)
+            return boost::lexical_cast<std::string>((unsigned long)x);
+        
+        if (x < boost::intmax_t(LONG_MIN))
+            return std::string("large negative signed value");
+        else
+            return boost::lexical_cast<std::string>((long)x);
+    }
+};
+#endif
+
+// This is the function which converts types to the form I want to stream them in.
+template <class T>
+typename stream_as<T>::t2 stream_number(T x)
+{
+    return promote<T>::from(x);
+}
+// =================================================================================
+
+//
+// Tests for built-in signed and unsigned types
+//
+
+// Tag types for selecting tests
+struct unsigned_tag {};
+struct signed_tag {};
+
+// Tests for unsigned numbers. The extra default Number parameter works around
+// an MSVC bug.
+template <class Number>
+void test_aux(unsigned_tag, Number*)
+{
+    typedef typename boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type difference_type;
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(!boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(
+        (sizeof(Number) < sizeof(boost::intmax_t))
+        | (boost::is_same<difference_type, boost::intmax_t>::value));
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 0 && __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ == 2
+    // GCC 4.0.2 ICEs on this C-style cases
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((complement_traits<Number>::max) > Number(0));
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((complement_traits<Number>::min) == Number(0));
+#else
+    // Force casting to Number here to work around the fact that it's an enum on MSVC
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(Number(complement_traits<Number>::max) > Number(0));
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(Number(complement_traits<Number>::min) == Number(0));
+#endif
+
+    const Number max = complement_traits<Number>::max;
+    const Number min = complement_traits<Number>::min;
+    
+    const Number test_max = (sizeof(Number) < sizeof(boost::intmax_t))
+        ? max
+        : max / 2 - 1;
+
+    std::cout << std::hex << "(unsigned) min = " << stream_number(min) << ", max = "
+              << stream_number(max) << "..." << std::flush;
+    std::cout << "difference_type = " << typeid(difference_type).name() << "..."
+              << std::flush;
+    
+    difference_type d1 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(Number(0), test_max);
+    difference_type d2 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(test_max, Number(0));
+    
+    std::cout << "0->" << stream_number(test_max) << "==" << std::dec << stream_number(d1) << "; "
+              << std::hex << stream_number(test_max) << "->0==" << std::dec << stream_number(d2) << "..." << std::flush;
+
+    assert(d1 == difference_type(test_max));
+    assert(d2 == -difference_type(test_max));
+}
+
+// Tests for signed numbers. The extra default Number parameter works around an
+// MSVC bug.
+struct out_of_range_tag {};
+struct in_range_tag {};
+
+// This test morsel gets executed for numbers whose difference will always be
+// representable in intmax_t
+template <class Number>
+void signed_test(in_range_tag, Number*)
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+    typedef typename boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type difference_type;
+    const Number max = complement_traits<Number>::max;
+    const Number min = complement_traits<Number>::min;
+    
+    difference_type d1 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(min, max);
+    difference_type d2 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(max, min);
+
+    std::cout << stream_number(min) << "->" << stream_number(max) << "==";
+    std::cout << std::dec << stream_number(d1) << "; ";
+    std::cout << std::hex << stream_number(max) << "->" << stream_number(min)
+              << "==" << std::dec << stream_number(d2) << "..." << std::flush;
+    assert(d1 == difference_type(max) - difference_type(min));
+    assert(d2 == difference_type(min) - difference_type(max));
+}
+
+// This test morsel gets executed for numbers whose difference may exceed the
+// capacity of intmax_t.
+template <class Number>
+void signed_test(out_of_range_tag, Number*)
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+    typedef typename boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type difference_type;
+    const Number max = complement_traits<Number>::max;
+    const Number min = complement_traits<Number>::min;
+
+    difference_type min_distance = complement_traits<difference_type>::min;
+    difference_type max_distance = complement_traits<difference_type>::max;
+
+    const Number n1 = Number(min + max_distance);
+    const Number n2 = Number(max + min_distance);
+    difference_type d1 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(min, n1);
+    difference_type d2 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(max, n2);
+
+    std::cout << stream_number(min) << "->" << stream_number(n1) << "==";
+    std::cout << std::dec << stream_number(d1) << "; ";
+    std::cout << std::hex << stream_number(max) << "->" << stream_number(n2)
+              << "==" << std::dec << stream_number(d2) << "..." << std::flush;
+    assert(d1 == max_distance);
+    assert(d2 == min_distance);
+}
+
+template <class Number>
+void test_aux(signed_tag, Number*)
+{
+    typedef typename boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type difference_type;
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(
+        (sizeof(Number) < sizeof(boost::intmax_t))
+        | (boost::is_same<difference_type, Number>::value));
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ == 0 && __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ == 2
+    // GCC 4.0.2 ICEs on this cast
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((complement_traits<Number>::max) > Number(0));
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((complement_traits<Number>::min) < Number(0));
+#else
+    // Force casting to Number here to work around the fact that it's an enum on MSVC
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(Number(complement_traits<Number>::max) > Number(0));
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(Number(complement_traits<Number>::min) < Number(0));
+#endif    
+    const Number max = complement_traits<Number>::max;
+    const Number min = complement_traits<Number>::min;
+    
+    std::cout << std::hex << "min = " << stream_number(min) << ", max = "
+              << stream_number(max) << "..." << std::flush;
+    std::cout << "difference_type = " << typeid(difference_type).name() << "..."
+              << std::flush;
+
+    typedef typename boost::detail::if_true<
+                          (sizeof(Number) < sizeof(boost::intmax_t))>
+                        ::template then<
+                          in_range_tag,
+                          out_of_range_tag
+                        >::type
+        range_tag;
+    signed_test<Number>(range_tag(), 0);
+}
+
+
+// Test for all numbers. The extra default Number parameter works around an MSVC
+// bug.
+template <class Number>
+void test(Number* = 0)
+{
+    std::cout << "testing " << typeid(Number).name() << ":\n"
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS
+              << "is_signed: " << (std::numeric_limits<Number>::is_signed ? "true\n" : "false\n")
+              << "is_bounded: " << (std::numeric_limits<Number>::is_bounded ? "true\n" : "false\n")
+              << "digits: " << std::numeric_limits<Number>::digits << "\n"
+#endif
+              << "..." << std::flush;
+
+    // factoring out difference_type for the assert below confused Borland :(
+    typedef boost::detail::is_signed<
+#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || BOOST_MSVC > 1300
+        typename
+#endif
+        boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type
+        > is_signed;
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(is_signed::value);
+
+    typedef typename boost::detail::if_true<
+        boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value
+        >::template then<signed_tag, unsigned_tag>::type signedness;
+    
+    test_aux<Number>(signedness(), 0);
+    std::cout << "passed" << std::endl;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test<char>();
+    test<unsigned char>();
+    test<signed char>();
+    test<wchar_t>();
+    test<short>();
+    test<unsigned short>();
+    test<int>();
+    test<unsigned int>();
+    test<long>();
+    test<unsigned long>();
+#if defined(BOOST_HAS_LONG_LONG) && !defined(BOOST_NO_INTEGRAL_INT64_T)
+    test< ::boost::long_long_type>();
+    test< ::boost::ulong_long_type>();
+#elif defined(BOOST_MSVC)
+    // The problem of not having compile-time static class constants other than
+    // enums prevents this from working, since values get truncated.
+    // test<boost::uintmax_t>();
+    // test<boost::intmax_t>();
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
--- a/operators.htm
+++ b/operators.htm
--- a/operators_test.cpp
+++ b/operators_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,941 @@
+//  Demonstrate and test boost/operators.hpp  -------------------------------//
+
+//  Copyright Beman Dawes 1999.  Distributed under the Boost
+//  Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
+//  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org/libs/utility for documentation.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  03 Apr 08 Added convertible_to_bool (Daniel Frey)
+//  01 Oct 01 Added tests for "left" operators
+//            and new grouped operators. (Helmut Zeisel)
+//  20 May 01 Output progress messages.  Added tests for new operator
+//            templates.  Updated random number generator.  Changed tests to
+//            use Boost Test Tools library.  (Daryle Walker)
+//  04 Jun 00 Added regression test for a bug I found (David Abrahams)
+//  17 Jun 00 Fix for broken compilers (Aleksey Gurtovoy)
+//  ?? ??? 00 Major update to randomly test all one- and two- argument forms by
+//            wrapping integral types and comparing the results of operations
+//            to the results for the raw types (David Abrahams)
+//  12 Dec 99 Minor update, output confirmation message.
+//  15 Nov 99 Initial version
+
+#define BOOST_INCLUDE_MAIN
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>                      // for BOOST_MSVC
+#include <boost/cstdlib.hpp>                     // for boost::exit_success
+#include <boost/operators.hpp>                   // for the tested items
+#include <boost/random/linear_congruential.hpp>  // for boost::minstd_rand
+#include <boost/test/test_tools.hpp>             // for main
+
+#include <iostream>  // for std::cout (std::endl indirectly)
+
+
+namespace
+{
+    // avoiding a template version of true_value so as to not confuse VC++
+    int true_value(int x) { return x; }
+    long true_value(long x) { return x; }
+    signed char true_value(signed char x) { return x; }
+    short true_value(short x) { return x; }
+    unsigned int true_value(unsigned int x) { return x; }
+    unsigned long true_value(unsigned long x) { return x; }
+    unsigned char true_value(unsigned char x) { return x; }
+    unsigned short true_value(unsigned short x) { return x; }
+
+    // verify the minimum requirements for some operators
+    class convertible_to_bool
+    {
+    private:
+        bool _value;
+
+        typedef bool convertible_to_bool::*unspecified_bool_type;
+
+        void operator!() const;
+
+    public:
+        convertible_to_bool( const bool value ) : _value( value ) {}
+
+        operator unspecified_bool_type() const
+          { return _value ? &convertible_to_bool::_value : 0; }
+    };
+
+    // The use of operators<> here tended to obscure
+    // interactions with certain compiler bugs
+    template <class T>
+    class Wrapped1
+        : boost::operators<Wrapped1<T> >
+        , boost::shiftable<Wrapped1<T> >
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit Wrapped1( T v = T() ) : _value(v) {}
+        T value() const { return _value; }
+
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(const Wrapped1& x) const
+          { return _value < x._value; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator==(const Wrapped1& x) const
+          { return _value == x._value; }
+        
+        Wrapped1& operator+=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value += x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator-=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value -= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator*=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value *= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator/=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value /= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator%=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value %= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator|=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value |= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator&=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value &= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator^=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value ^= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator<<=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value <<= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator>>=(const Wrapped1& x)
+          { _value >>= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator++()               { ++_value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped1& operator--()               { --_value; return *this; }
+        
+    private:
+        T _value;
+    };
+    template <class T>
+    T true_value(Wrapped1<T> x) { return x.value(); }    
+
+    template <class T, class U>
+    class Wrapped2
+        : boost::operators<Wrapped2<T, U> >
+        , boost::operators2<Wrapped2<T, U>, U>
+        , boost::shiftable1<Wrapped2<T, U>
+        , boost::shiftable2<Wrapped2<T, U>, U > >
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit Wrapped2( T v = T() ) : _value(v) {}
+        T value() const { return _value; }
+
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(const Wrapped2& x) const
+          { return _value < x._value; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator==(const Wrapped2& x) const
+          { return _value == x._value; }
+        
+        Wrapped2& operator+=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value += x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator-=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value -= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator*=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value *= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator/=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value /= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator%=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value %= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator|=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value |= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator&=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value &= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator^=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value ^= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator<<=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value <<= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator>>=(const Wrapped2& x)
+          { _value >>= x._value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator++()                { ++_value; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator--()                { --_value; return *this; }
+         
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(U u) const
+          { return _value < u; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator>(U u) const
+          { return _value > u; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator==(U u) const
+          { return _value == u; }
+
+        Wrapped2& operator+=(U u) { _value += u; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator-=(U u) { _value -= u; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator*=(U u) { _value *= u; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator/=(U u) { _value /= u; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator%=(U u) { _value %= u; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator|=(U u) { _value |= u; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator&=(U u) { _value &= u; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator^=(U u) { _value ^= u; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator<<=(U u) { _value <<= u; return *this; }
+        Wrapped2& operator>>=(U u) { _value >>= u; return *this; }
+
+    private:
+        T _value;
+    };
+    template <class T, class U>
+    T true_value(Wrapped2<T,U> x) { return x.value(); }
+    
+    template <class T>
+    class Wrapped3
+        : boost::equivalent<Wrapped3<T> >
+        , boost::partially_ordered<Wrapped3<T> >
+        , boost::equality_comparable<Wrapped3<T> >
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit Wrapped3( T v = T() ) : _value(v) {}
+        T value() const { return _value; }
+
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(const Wrapped3& x) const
+          { return _value < x._value; }
+        
+    private:
+        T _value;
+    };
+    template <class T>
+    T true_value(Wrapped3<T> x) { return x.value(); }    
+
+    template <class T, class U>
+    class Wrapped4
+        : boost::equality_comparable1<Wrapped4<T, U>
+        , boost::equivalent1<Wrapped4<T, U>
+        , boost::partially_ordered1<Wrapped4<T, U> > > >
+        , boost::partially_ordered2<Wrapped4<T, U>, U
+        , boost::equivalent2<Wrapped4<T, U>, U
+        , boost::equality_comparable2<Wrapped4<T, U>, U> > >
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit Wrapped4( T v = T() ) : _value(v) {}
+        T value() const { return _value; }
+
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(const Wrapped4& x) const
+          { return _value < x._value; }
+         
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(U u) const
+          { return _value < u; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator>(U u) const
+          { return _value > u; }
+
+    private:
+        T _value;
+    };
+    template <class T, class U>
+    T true_value(Wrapped4<T,U> x) { return x.value(); }
+    
+    // U must be convertible to T
+    template <class T, class U>
+    class Wrapped5
+        : boost::ordered_field_operators2<Wrapped5<T, U>, U>
+        , boost::ordered_field_operators1<Wrapped5<T, U> >
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit Wrapped5( T v = T() ) : _value(v) {}
+
+        // Conversion from U to Wrapped5<T,U>
+        Wrapped5(U u) : _value(u) {}
+
+        T value() const { return _value; }
+
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(const Wrapped5& x) const
+          { return _value < x._value; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(U u) const
+          { return _value < u; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator>(U u) const
+          { return _value > u; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator==(const Wrapped5& u) const
+          { return _value == u._value; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator==(U u) const
+          { return _value == u; }
+
+        Wrapped5& operator/=(const Wrapped5& u) { _value /= u._value; return *this;}
+        Wrapped5& operator/=(U u) { _value /= u; return *this;}
+        Wrapped5& operator*=(const Wrapped5& u) { _value *= u._value; return *this;}
+        Wrapped5& operator*=(U u) { _value *= u; return *this;}
+        Wrapped5& operator-=(const Wrapped5& u) { _value -= u._value; return *this;}
+        Wrapped5& operator-=(U u) { _value -= u; return *this;}
+        Wrapped5& operator+=(const Wrapped5& u) { _value += u._value; return *this;}
+        Wrapped5& operator+=(U u) { _value += u; return *this;}
+
+    private:
+        T _value;
+    };
+    template <class T, class U>
+    T true_value(Wrapped5<T,U> x) { return x.value(); }
+    
+    // U must be convertible to T
+    template <class T, class U>
+    class Wrapped6
+        : boost::ordered_euclidean_ring_operators2<Wrapped6<T, U>, U>
+        , boost::ordered_euclidean_ring_operators1<Wrapped6<T, U> >
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit Wrapped6( T v = T() ) : _value(v) {}
+
+        // Conversion from U to Wrapped6<T,U>
+        Wrapped6(U u) : _value(u) {}
+
+        T value() const { return _value; }
+
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(const Wrapped6& x) const
+          { return _value < x._value; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator<(U u) const
+          { return _value < u; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator>(U u) const
+          { return _value > u; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator==(const Wrapped6& u) const
+          { return _value == u._value; }
+        convertible_to_bool operator==(U u) const
+          { return _value == u; }
+
+        Wrapped6& operator%=(const Wrapped6& u) { _value %= u._value; return *this;}
+        Wrapped6& operator%=(U u) { _value %= u; return *this;}
+        Wrapped6& operator/=(const Wrapped6& u) { _value /= u._value; return *this;}
+        Wrapped6& operator/=(U u) { _value /= u; return *this;}
+        Wrapped6& operator*=(const Wrapped6& u) { _value *= u._value; return *this;}
+        Wrapped6& operator*=(U u) { _value *= u; return *this;}
+        Wrapped6& operator-=(const Wrapped6& u) { _value -= u._value; return *this;}
+        Wrapped6& operator-=(U u) { _value -= u; return *this;}
+        Wrapped6& operator+=(const Wrapped6& u) { _value += u._value; return *this;}
+        Wrapped6& operator+=(U u) { _value += u; return *this;}
+
+    private:
+        T _value;
+    };
+    template <class T, class U>
+    T true_value(Wrapped6<T,U> x) { return x.value(); }
+    
+    //  MyInt uses only the single template-argument form of all_operators<>
+    typedef Wrapped1<int> MyInt;
+
+    typedef Wrapped2<long, long> MyLong;
+
+    typedef Wrapped3<signed char> MyChar;
+
+    typedef Wrapped4<short, short> MyShort;
+
+    typedef Wrapped5<double, int> MyDoubleInt;
+
+    typedef Wrapped6<long, int> MyLongInt;
+
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void sanity_check(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        BOOST_CHECK( true_value(y1) == true_value(y2) );
+        BOOST_CHECK( true_value(x1) == true_value(x2) );
+    }
+
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_less_than_comparable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(x1 < y1) == static_cast<bool>(x2 < y2) );
+        BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(x1 <= y1) == static_cast<bool>(x2 <= y2) );
+        BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(x1 >= y1) == static_cast<bool>(x2 >= y2) );
+        BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(x1 > y1) == static_cast<bool>(x2 > y2) );
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_less_than_comparable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_less_than_comparable_aux( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_less_than_comparable_aux( y1, x1, y2, x2 );
+    }
+
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_equality_comparable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(x1 == y1) == static_cast<bool>(x2 == y2) );
+        BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(x1 != y1) == static_cast<bool>(x2 != y2) );
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_equality_comparable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_equality_comparable_aux( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_equality_comparable_aux( y1, x1, y2, x2 );
+    }
+
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_multipliable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        BOOST_CHECK( (x1 * y1).value() == (x2 * y2) );
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_multipliable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_multipliable_aux( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_multipliable_aux( y1, x1, y2, x2 );
+    }
+
+  template <class A, class B>
+  void test_value_equality(A a, B b)
+  {
+      BOOST_CHECK(a.value() == b);
+  }
+  
+#define TEST_OP_R(op) test_value_equality(x1 op y1, x2 op y2)
+#define TEST_OP_L(op) test_value_equality(y1 op x1, y2 op x2)
+  
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_addable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        TEST_OP_R(+);
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_addable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_addable_aux( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_addable_aux( y1, x1, y2, x2 );
+    }
+
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_subtractable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        TEST_OP_R(-);
+    }
+
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_subtractable_left(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        TEST_OP_L(-);
+    }
+
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_dividable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        if ( y2 != 0 )
+            TEST_OP_R(/);
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_dividable_left(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        if ( x2 != 0 )
+            TEST_OP_L(/);
+    }
+
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_modable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        if ( y2 != 0 )
+            TEST_OP_R(%);
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_modable_left(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        if ( x2 != 0 )
+            TEST_OP_L(%);
+    }
+
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_xorable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        TEST_OP_R(^);
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_xorable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_xorable_aux( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_xorable_aux( y1, x1, y2, x2 );
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_andable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        TEST_OP_R(&);
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_andable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_andable_aux( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_andable_aux( y1, x1, y2, x2 );
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_orable_aux(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        TEST_OP_R(|);
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_orable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_orable_aux( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_orable_aux( y1, x1, y2, x2 );
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_left_shiftable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        TEST_OP_R(<<);
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_right_shiftable(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        TEST_OP_R(>>);
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class X2>
+    void test_incrementable(X1 x1, X2 x2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, x1, x2, x2 );
+        BOOST_CHECK( (x1++).value() == x2++ );
+        BOOST_CHECK( x1.value() == x2 );
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class X2>
+    void test_decrementable(X1 x1, X2 x2)
+    {
+        sanity_check( x1, x1, x2, x2 );
+        BOOST_CHECK( (x1--).value() == x2-- );
+        BOOST_CHECK( x1.value() == x2 );
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_all(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        test_less_than_comparable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_equality_comparable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_multipliable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_addable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_subtractable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_dividable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_modable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_xorable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_andable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_orable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_left_shiftable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_right_shiftable( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_incrementable( x1, x2 );
+        test_decrementable( x1, x2 );
+    }
+    
+    template <class X1, class Y1, class X2, class Y2>
+    void test_left(X1 x1, Y1 y1, X2 x2, Y2 y2)
+    {
+        test_subtractable_left( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_dividable_left( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+        test_modable_left( x1, y1, x2, y2 );
+     }
+
+    template <class Big, class Small>
+    struct tester
+    {
+        void operator()(boost::minstd_rand& randomizer) const
+        {
+            Big    b1 = Big( randomizer() );
+            Big    b2 = Big( randomizer() );
+            Small  s = Small( randomizer() );
+            
+            test_all( Wrapped1<Big>(b1), Wrapped1<Big>(b2), b1, b2 );
+            test_all( Wrapped2<Big, Small>(b1), s, b1, s );
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class Big, class Small>
+    struct tester_left
+    {
+        void operator()(boost::minstd_rand& randomizer) const
+        {
+            Big    b1 = Big( randomizer() );
+            Small  s = Small( randomizer() );
+            
+            test_left( Wrapped6<Big, Small>(b1), s, b1, s );
+         }
+    };
+
+    // added as a regression test. We had a bug which this uncovered.
+    struct Point
+        : boost::addable<Point
+        , boost::subtractable<Point> >
+    {
+        Point( int h, int v ) : h(h), v(v) {}
+        Point() :h(0), v(0) {}
+        const Point& operator+=( const Point& rhs )
+            { h += rhs.h; v += rhs.v; return *this; }
+        const Point& operator-=( const Point& rhs )
+            { h -= rhs.h; v -= rhs.v; return *this; }
+
+        int h;
+        int v;
+    };
+
+} // unnamed namespace
+
+
+// workaround for MSVC bug; for some reasons the compiler doesn't instantiate
+// inherited operator templates at the moment it must, so the following
+// explicit instantiations force it to do that.
+
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && (_MSC_VER < 1300)
+template Wrapped1<int>;
+template Wrapped1<long>;
+template Wrapped1<unsigned int>;
+template Wrapped1<unsigned long>;
+
+template Wrapped2<int, int>;
+template Wrapped2<int, signed char>;
+template Wrapped2<long, signed char>;
+template Wrapped2<long, int>;
+template Wrapped2<long, long>;
+template Wrapped2<unsigned int, unsigned int>;
+template Wrapped2<unsigned int, unsigned char>;
+template Wrapped2<unsigned long, unsigned int>;
+template Wrapped2<unsigned long, unsigned char>;
+template Wrapped2<unsigned long, unsigned long>;
+
+template Wrapped6<long, int>;
+template Wrapped6<long, signed char>;
+template Wrapped6<int, signed char>;
+template Wrapped6<unsigned long, unsigned int>;
+template Wrapped6<unsigned long, unsigned char>;
+template Wrapped6<unsigned int, unsigned char>;
+#endif
+
+#define PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST(e, t)  BOOST_CHECK( ((e), (t)) )
+
+int
+test_main( int , char * [] )
+{
+    using std::cout;
+    using std::endl;
+
+    // Regression test.
+    Point x;
+    x = x + Point(3, 4);
+    x = x - Point(3, 4);
+    
+    cout << "Created point, and operated on it." << endl;
+    
+    for (int n = 0; n < 1000; ++n)  // was 10,000 but took too long (Beman)
+    {
+        boost::minstd_rand r;
+        tester<long, int>()(r);
+        tester<long, signed char>()(r);
+        tester<long, long>()(r);
+        tester<int, int>()(r);
+        tester<int, signed char>()(r);
+        
+        tester<unsigned long, unsigned int>()(r);
+        tester<unsigned long, unsigned char>()(r);
+        tester<unsigned long, unsigned long>()(r);
+        tester<unsigned int, unsigned int>()(r);
+        tester<unsigned int, unsigned char>()(r);
+
+        tester_left<long, int>()(r);
+        tester_left<long, signed char>()(r);
+        tester_left<int, signed char>()(r);
+
+        tester_left<unsigned long, unsigned int>()(r);
+        tester_left<unsigned long, unsigned char>()(r);
+        tester_left<unsigned int, unsigned char>()(r);
+    }
+    
+    cout << "Did random tester loop." << endl;
+
+    MyInt i1(1);
+    MyInt i2(2);
+    MyInt i;
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( i1.value() == 1 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( i2.value() == 2 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( i.value() == 0 );
+
+    cout << "Created MyInt objects.\n";
+
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i2), (i.value() == 2) );
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(i2 == i) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(i1 != i2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(i1 <  i2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(i1 <= i2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(i <= i2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(i2 >  i1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(i2 >= i1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(i2 >= i) );
+
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i1 + i2), (i.value() == 3) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i + i2), (i.value() == 5) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i - i1), (i.value() == 4) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i * i2), (i.value() == 8) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i / i2), (i.value() == 4) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i % ( i - i1 )), (i.value() == 1) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i2 + i2), (i.value() == 4) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i1 | i2 | i), (i.value() == 7) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i & i2), (i.value() == 2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i + i1), (i.value() == 3) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i ^ i1), (i.value() == 2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = ( i + i1 ) * ( i2 | i1 )), (i.value() == 9) );
+
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i1 << i2), (i.value() == 4) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (i = i2 >> i1), (i.value() == 1) );
+
+    cout << "Performed tests on MyInt objects.\n";
+
+    MyLong j1(1);
+    MyLong j2(2);
+    MyLong j;
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( j1.value() == 1 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( j2.value() == 2 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( j.value() == 0 );
+
+    cout << "Created MyLong objects.\n";
+
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j2), (j.value() == 2) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j2 == j) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 == j) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j2 == 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j == j2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j1 != j2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j1 != 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 != j2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j1 <  j2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 <  j2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j1 <  2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j1 <= j2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 <= j2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j1 <= j) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j <= j2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 <= j2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j <= 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j2 >  j1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 >  j1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j2 >  1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j2 >= j1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 >= j1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j2 >= 1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j2 >= j) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 >= j) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(j2 >= 2) );
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j1 + 2) == 3) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((1 + j2) == 3) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j1 + j2), (j.value() == 3) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j + 2) == 5) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((3 + j2) == 5) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j + j2), (j.value() == 5) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j - 1) == 4) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j - j1), (j.value() == 4) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j * 2) == 8) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((4 * j2) == 8) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j * j2), (j.value() == 8) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j / 2) == 4) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j / j2), (j.value() == 4) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j % 3) == 1) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j % ( j - j1 )), (j.value() == 1) );
+    
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j2 + j2), (j.value() == 4) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((1 | j2 | j) == 7) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j1 | 2 | j) == 7) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j1 | j2 | 4) == 7) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j1 | j2 | j), (j.value() == 7) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((7 & j2) == 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j & 2) == 2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j & j2), (j.value() == 2) );
+    
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j | j1), (j.value() == 3) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((3 ^ j1) == 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j ^ 1) == 2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j ^ j1), (j.value() == 2) );
+    
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = ( j + j1 ) * ( j2 | j1 )), (j.value() == 9) );
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j1 << 2) == 4) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j2 << 1) == 4) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j1 << j2), (j.value() == 4) );
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j >> 2) == 1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>((j2 >> 1) == 1) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (j = j2 >> j1), (j.value() == 1) );
+    
+    cout << "Performed tests on MyLong objects.\n";
+
+    MyChar k1(1);
+    MyChar k2(2);
+    MyChar k;
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( k1.value() == 1 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( k2.value() == 2 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( k.value() == 0 );
+
+    cout << "Created MyChar objects.\n";
+
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (k = k2), (k.value() == 2) );
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(k2 == k) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(k1 != k2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(k1 <  k2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(k1 <= k2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(k <= k2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(k2 >  k1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(k2 >= k1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(k2 >= k) );
+    
+    cout << "Performed tests on MyChar objects.\n";
+
+    MyShort l1(1);
+    MyShort l2(2);
+    MyShort l;
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( l1.value() == 1 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( l2.value() == 2 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( l.value() == 0 );
+
+    cout << "Created MyShort objects.\n";
+
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (l = l2), (l.value() == 2) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l2 == l) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 == l) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l2 == 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l == l2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l1 != l2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l1 != 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 != l2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l1 <  l2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 <  l2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l1 <  2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l1 <= l2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 <= l2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l1 <= l) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l <= l2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 <= l2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l <= 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l2 >  l1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 >  l1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l2 >  1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l2 >= l1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 >= l1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l2 >= 1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l2 >= l) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 >= l) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(l2 >= 2) );
+    
+    cout << "Performed tests on MyShort objects.\n";
+    
+    MyDoubleInt di1(1);
+    MyDoubleInt di2(2.);
+    MyDoubleInt half(0.5);
+    MyDoubleInt di;
+    MyDoubleInt tmp;
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( di1.value() == 1 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( di2.value() == 2 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( di2.value() == 2 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( di.value() == 0 );
+
+    cout << "Created MyDoubleInt objects.\n";
+
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (di = di2), (di.value() == 2) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di2 == di) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 == di) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di == 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di1 < di2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 < di2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di1 <= di2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 <= di2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di2 > di1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di2 > 1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di2 >= di1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di2 >= 1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di1 / di2 == half) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di1 / 2 == half) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 / di2 == half) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp=di1), static_cast<bool>((tmp/=2) == half) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp=di1), static_cast<bool>((tmp/=di2) == half) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di1 * di2 == di2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di1 * 2 == di2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 * di2 == di2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp=di1), static_cast<bool>((tmp*=2) == di2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp=di1), static_cast<bool>((tmp*=di2) == di2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di2 - di1 == di1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di2 - 1 == di1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 - di1 == di1) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp=di2), static_cast<bool>((tmp-=1) == di1) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp=di2), static_cast<bool>((tmp-=di1) == di1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di1 + di1 == di2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(di1 + 1 == di2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 + di1 == di2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp=di1), static_cast<bool>((tmp+=1) == di2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp=di1), static_cast<bool>((tmp+=di1) == di2) );
+
+    cout << "Performed tests on MyDoubleInt objects.\n";
+
+    MyLongInt li1(1);
+    MyLongInt li2(2);
+    MyLongInt li;
+    MyLongInt tmp2;
+
+    BOOST_CHECK( li1.value() == 1 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( li2.value() == 2 );
+    BOOST_CHECK( li.value() == 0 );
+
+    cout << "Created MyLongInt objects.\n";
+
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (li = li2), (li.value() == 2) );
+    
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li2 == li) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 == li) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li == 2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 < li2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 < li2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 <= li2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 <= li2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li2 > li1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li2 > 1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li2 >= li1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li2 >= 1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 % li2 == li1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 % 2 == li1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 % li2 == li1) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li1), static_cast<bool>((tmp2%=2) == li1) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li1), static_cast<bool>((tmp2%=li2) == li1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 / li2 == 0) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 / 2 == 0) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 / li2 == 0) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li1), static_cast<bool>((tmp2/=2) == 0) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li1), static_cast<bool>((tmp2/=li2) == 0) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 * li2 == li2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 * 2 == li2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 * li2 == li2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li1), static_cast<bool>((tmp2*=2) == li2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li1), static_cast<bool>((tmp2*=li2) == li2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li2 - li1 == li1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li2 - 1 == li1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(2 - li1 == li1) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li2), static_cast<bool>((tmp2-=1) == li1) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li2), static_cast<bool>((tmp2-=li1) == li1) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 + li1 == li2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(li1 + 1 == li2) );
+    BOOST_CHECK( static_cast<bool>(1 + li1 == li2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li1), static_cast<bool>((tmp2+=1) == li2) );
+    PRIVATE_EXPR_TEST( (tmp2=li1), static_cast<bool>((tmp2+=li1) == li2) );
+
+    cout << "Performed tests on MyLongInt objects.\n";
+
+    return boost::exit_success;
+}
--- a/shared_container_iterator.html
+++ b/shared_container_iterator.html
@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+<title>Shared Container Iterator Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+
+<img src="../../boost.png" alt="boost.png (6897 bytes)"
+align="center" width="277" height="86">
+
+<h1>Shared Container Iterator</h1>
+
+Defined in header
+<a href="../../boost/shared_container_iterator.hpp">boost/shared_container_iterator.hpp</a>
+
+<p>
+The purpose of the shared container iterator is to attach the lifetime
+of a container to the lifetime of its iterators. In other words, the
+container will not be deleted until after all its iterators are
+destroyed.  The shared container iterator is typically used to
+implement functions that return iterators over a range of objects that
+only need to exist for the lifetime of the iterators.  By returning a
+pair of shared iterators from a function, the callee can return a
+heap-allocated range of objects whose lifetime is automatically managed.
+<p>
+The shared container iterator augments an iterator over a shared
+container.  It maintains a reference count on the shared 
+container. If only shared container iterators hold references to
+the container, the container's lifetime will end when the last shared
+container iterator over it is destroyed.  In any case, the shared
+container is guaranteed to persist beyond the lifetime of all
+the iterators. In all other ways, the
+shared container iterator behaves the same as its base iterator.
+
+
+<h2>Synopsis</h2>
+
+<pre>
+namespace boost {
+  template &lt;typename <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html">Container</a>&gt;
+  class shared_container_iterator;
+
+  template &lt;typename <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html">Container</a>&gt;
+  shared_container_iterator&lt;Container&gt;
+  make_shared_container_iterator(typename Container::iterator base, 
+    boost::shared_ptr&lt;Container&gt; const&amp; container);
+
+  std::pair&lt;
+    typename shared_container_iterator&lt;Container&gt;,
+    typename shared_container_iterator&lt;Container&gt;
+  &gt;
+  make_shared_container_range(boost::shared_ptr&lt;Container&gt; const&amp; container);
+}
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+
+<h2><a name="generator">The Shared Container Iterator Type</a></h2>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;typename Container&gt; class shared_container_iterator;
+</pre>
+
+The class template <tt>shared_container_iterator</tt> 
+is the shared container iterator type.  The <tt>Container</tt> template
+type argument must model the
+<a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html">Container</a>
+concept.
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+<p>
+The following example illustrates how to create an iterator that 
+regulates the lifetime of a reference counted <tt>std::vector</tt>.
+Though the original shared pointer <tt>ints</tt> ceases to exist
+after <tt>set_range()</tt> returns, the
+<tt>shared_counter_iterator</tt> objects maintain references to the
+      underlying vector and thereby extend the container's lifetime.
+<p>
+<a href="./shared_iterator_example1.cpp">shared_iterator_example1.cpp</a>:
+<PRE>
+<font color="#008040">#include "shared_container_iterator.hpp"</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp"</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;algorithm&gt;</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;iostream&gt;</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;vector&gt;</font>
+
+<B>typedef</B> boost::shared_container_iterator&lt; std::vector&lt;<B>int</B>&gt; &gt; iterator;
+
+
+<B>void</B> set_range(iterator& i, iterator& end)  {
+
+  boost::shared_ptr&lt; std::vector&lt;<B>int</B>&gt; &gt; ints(<B>new</B> std::vector&lt;<B>int</B>&gt;());
+  
+  ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">0</font>);
+  ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">1</font>);
+  ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">2</font>);
+  ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">3</font>);
+  ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">4</font>);
+  ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">5</font>);
+  
+  i = iterator(ints-&gt;begin(),ints);
+  end = iterator(ints-&gt;end(),ints);
+}
+
+
+<B>int</B> main() {
+
+  iterator i,end;
+
+  set_range(i,end);
+
+  std::copy(i,end,std::ostream_iterator&lt;<B>int</B>&gt;(std::cout,<font color="#0000FF">","</font>));
+  std::cout.put(<font color="#0000FF">'\n'</font>);
+
+  <B>return</B> <font color="#0000A0">0</font>;
+}
+</PRE>
+
+The output from this part is:
+<pre>
+0,1,2,3,4,5,
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>Parameter</TH><TH>Description</TH>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html"><tt>Container</tt></a></TD>
+<TD>The type of the container that we wish to iterate over. It must be 
+a model of the 
+<a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Container.html"><tt>Container</tt></a>
+concept.
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</Table>
+
+<h3>Model of</h3>
+
+The <tt>shared_container_iterator<Container></tt> type models the
+same iterator concept as the base iterator
+    (<tt>Container::iterator</tt>).
+
+<h3>Members</h3>
+
+The shared container iterator type implements the member functions and
+operators required of the <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random Access Iterator</a>
+concept, though only operations defined for the base iterator will be valid.
+In addition it has the following constructor:
+
+<pre>
+shared_container_iterator(Container::iterator const&amp; it,
+                          boost::shared_ptr&lt;Container&gt; const&amp; container)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+
+
+<h2><a name="make_iterator">The Shared Container Iterator Object Generator</a></h2>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;typename Container&gt;
+shared_container_iterator&lt;Container&gt;
+make_shared_container_iterator(Container::iterator base,
+                               boost::shared_ptr&lt;Container&gt; const&amp; container)
+</pre>
+
+This function provides an alternative to directly constructing a
+shared container iterator.  Using the object generator, a shared
+container iterator can be created and passed to a function without
+explicitly specifying its type.
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+This example, similar to the previous, uses 
+<tt>make_shared_container_iterator()</tt> to create the iterators.
+
+<p>
+<a href="./shared_iterator_example2.cpp">shared_iterator_example2.cpp</a>:
+
+<PRE>
+<font color="#008040">#include "shared_container_iterator.hpp"</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp"</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;algorithm&gt;</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;iterator&gt;</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;iostream&gt;</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;vector&gt;</font>
+
+
+<B>template</B> &lt;<B>typename</B> Iterator&gt;
+<B>void</B> print_range_nl (Iterator begin, Iterator end) {
+  <B>typedef</B> <B>typename</B> std::iterator_traits&lt;Iterator&gt;::value_type val;
+  std::copy(begin,end,std::ostream_iterator&lt;val&gt;(std::cout,<font color="#0000FF">","</font>));
+  std::cout.put(<font color="#0000FF">'\n'</font>);
+}
+
+
+<B>int</B> main() {
+
+  <B>typedef</B> boost::shared_ptr&lt; std::vector&lt;<B>int</B>&gt; &gt; ints_t;
+  {
+    ints_t ints(<B>new</B> std::vector&lt;<B>int</B>&gt;());
+
+    ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">0</font>);
+    ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">1</font>);
+    ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">2</font>);
+    ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">3</font>);
+    ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">4</font>);
+    ints-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">5</font>);
+
+    print_range_nl(boost::make_shared_container_iterator(ints-&gt;begin(),ints),
+		   boost::make_shared_container_iterator(ints-&gt;end(),ints));
+  }
+  
+
+
+  <B>return</B> <font color="#0000A0">0</font>;
+}
+</PRE>
+
+Observe that the <tt>shared_container_iterator</tt> type is never
+explicitly named. The output from this example is the same as the previous.
+
+<h2><a name="make_range">The Shared Container Iterator Range Generator</a></h2>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;typename Container&gt;
+std::pair&lt
+  shared_container_iterator&lt;Container&gt;,
+  shared_container_iterator&lt;Container&gt;
+&gt;
+make_shared_container_range(boost::shared_ptr&lt;Container&gt; const&amp; container);
+</pre>
+
+Class <tt>shared_container_iterator</tt> is meant primarily to return,
+using iterators, a range of values that we can guarantee will be alive as 
+long as the iterators are. This is a convenience
+function to do just that. It is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+std::make_pair(make_shared_container_iterator(container-&gt;begin(),container),
+               make_shared_container_iterator(container-&gt;end(),container));
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+In the following example, a range of values is returned as a pair of
+<tt>shared_container_iterator</tt> objects.  
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="./shared_iterator_example3.cpp">shared_iterator_example3.cpp</a>:
+
+<PRE>
+<font color="#008040">#include "shared_container_iterator.hpp"</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp"</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include "boost/tuple/tuple.hpp" // for boost::tie</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;algorithm&gt;              // for std::copy</font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;iostream&gt;              </font>
+<font color="#008040">#include &lt;vector&gt;</font>
+
+
+<B>typedef</B> boost::shared_container_iterator&lt; std::vector&lt;<B>int</B>&gt; &gt; iterator; 
+
+std::pair&lt;iterator,iterator&gt;
+return_range() {
+  boost::shared_ptr&lt; std::vector&lt;<B>int</B>&gt; &gt; range(<B>new</B> std::vector&lt;<B>int</B>&gt;());
+  range-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">0</font>);
+  range-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">1</font>);
+  range-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">2</font>);
+  range-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">3</font>);
+  range-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">4</font>);
+  range-&gt;push_back(<font color="#0000A0">5</font>);
+  <B>return</B> boost::make_shared_container_range(range);
+}
+
+
+<B>int</B> main() {
+
+
+  iterator i,end;
+  
+  boost::tie(i,end) = return_range();
+
+  std::copy(i,end,std::ostream_iterator&lt;<B>int</B>&gt;(std::cout,<font color="#0000FF">","</font>));
+  std::cout.put(<font color="#0000FF">'\n'</font>);
+
+  <B>return</B> <font color="#0000A0">0</font>;
+}
+</PRE>
+
+Though the <tt>range</tt> object only lives for the duration of the
+<tt>return_range</tt> call, the reference counted
+<tt>std::vector</tt> will live until <tt>i</tt> and <tt>end</tt>
+are both destroyed.  The output from this example is the same as
+the previous two.
+
+
+<hr>
+<!-- hhmts start -->
+Last modified: Mon Aug 11 11:27:03 EST 2003
+<!-- hhmts end -->
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright 2003 The Trustees of Indiana University.
+ Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software 
+ License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+ http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)</p>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
--- a/shared_iterator_example1.cpp
+++ b/shared_iterator_example1.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Copyright 2003 The Trustees of Indiana University.
+
+// Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software 
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#include "boost/shared_container_iterator.hpp"
+#include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+typedef boost::shared_container_iterator< std::vector<int> > iterator;
+
+
+void set_range(iterator& i, iterator& end)  {
+
+  boost::shared_ptr< std::vector<int> > ints(new std::vector<int>());
+  
+  ints->push_back(0);
+  ints->push_back(1);
+  ints->push_back(2);
+  ints->push_back(3);
+  ints->push_back(4);
+  ints->push_back(5);
+  
+  i = iterator(ints->begin(),ints);
+  end = iterator(ints->end(),ints);
+}
+
+
+int main() {
+
+  iterator i,end;
+
+  set_range(i,end);
+
+  std::copy(i,end,std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout,","));
+  std::cout.put('\n');
+
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/shared_iterator_example2.cpp
+++ b/shared_iterator_example2.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright 2003 The Trustees of Indiana University.
+
+// Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software 
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#include "boost/shared_container_iterator.hpp"
+#include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+template <typename Iterator>
+void print_range_nl (Iterator begin, Iterator end) {
+  typedef typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type val;
+  std::copy(begin,end,std::ostream_iterator<val>(std::cout,","));
+  std::cout.put('\n');
+}
+
+
+int main() {
+
+  typedef boost::shared_ptr< std::vector<int> > ints_t;
+  {
+    ints_t ints(new std::vector<int>());
+
+    ints->push_back(0);
+    ints->push_back(1);
+    ints->push_back(2);
+    ints->push_back(3);
+    ints->push_back(4);
+    ints->push_back(5);
+
+    print_range_nl(boost::make_shared_container_iterator(ints->begin(),ints),
+                   boost::make_shared_container_iterator(ints->end(),ints));
+  }
+  
+
+
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/shared_iterator_example3.cpp
+++ b/shared_iterator_example3.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2003 The Trustees of Indiana University.
+
+// Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software 
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#include "boost/shared_container_iterator.hpp"
+#include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp"
+#include "boost/tuple/tuple.hpp" // for boost::tie
+#include <algorithm>              // for std::copy
+#include <iostream>              
+#include <vector>
+
+
+typedef boost::shared_container_iterator< std::vector<int> > iterator;
+
+std::pair<iterator,iterator>
+return_range() {
+  boost::shared_ptr< std::vector<int> > range(new std::vector<int>());
+  range->push_back(0);
+  range->push_back(1);
+  range->push_back(2);
+  range->push_back(3);
+  range->push_back(4);
+  range->push_back(5);
+  return boost::make_shared_container_range(range);
+}
+
+
+int main() {
+
+
+  iterator i,end;
+  
+  boost::tie(i,end) = return_range();
+
+  std::copy(i,end,std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout,","));
+  std::cout.put('\n');
+
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/shared_iterator_test.cpp
+++ b/shared_iterator_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Copyright 2003 The Trustees of Indiana University.
+
+// Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software 
+// License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+//  Shared container iterator adaptor 
+//  Author: Ronald Garcia
+//  See http://boost.org/libs/utility/shared_container_iterator.html 
+//  for documentation. 
+
+//
+// shared_iterator_test.cpp - Regression tests for shared_container_iterator.
+//
+
+
+#include "boost/shared_container_iterator.hpp"
+#include "boost/shared_ptr.hpp"
+#include <vector>
+#include <cassert>
+
+struct resource {
+  static int count;
+  resource() { ++count; }
+  resource(resource const&) { ++count; }
+  ~resource() { --count; }
+};
+int resource::count = 0;
+
+typedef std::vector<resource> resources_t;
+
+typedef boost::shared_container_iterator< resources_t > iterator;
+
+
+void set_range(iterator& i, iterator& end)  {
+
+  boost::shared_ptr< resources_t > objs(new resources_t());
+
+  for (int j = 0; j != 6; ++j)
+    objs->push_back(resource());
+  
+  i = iterator(objs->begin(),objs);
+  end = iterator(objs->end(),objs);
+  assert(resource::count == 6);
+}
+
+
+int main() {
+
+  assert(resource::count == 0);
+  
+  {
+    iterator i;
+    {
+      iterator end;
+      set_range(i,end);
+      assert(resource::count == 6);
+    }
+    assert(resource::count == 6);
+  }
+  assert(resource::count == 0);
+  
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/1
+++ b/1
@ -0,0 +1 @@
+The existance of this file tells the regression reporting programs that the directory contains sub-directories which are libraries.
--- a/test/Jamfile.v2
+++ b/test/Jamfile.v2
@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Copyright David Abrahams 2003.
+
+# Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+# See http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+# For more information, see http://www.boost.org/
+
+# bring in rules for testing
+import testing ;
+
+alias unit_test_framework
+    : # sources
+        /boost//unit_test_framework
+    ;        
+
+# Please keep the tests ordered by filename
+test-suite utility
+    :
+        [ run ../base_from_member_test.cpp ]
+        [ run ../base_from_member_ref_test.cpp ]
+        [ run ../binary_test.cpp ]
+        [ run ../call_traits_test.cpp : -u ]
+        [ run ../compressed_pair_test.cpp ../../test/build//boost_test_exec_monitor/<link>static : -u ]
+        [ run ../iterators_test.cpp ../../test/build//boost_test_exec_monitor/<link>static ]
+        [ run next_prior_test.cpp ../../test/build//boost_test_exec_monitor/<link>static ]
+        [ run ../numeric_traits_test.cpp ]
+        [ run ../operators_test.cpp ../../test/build//boost_test_exec_monitor/<link>static ]
+        [ compile result_of_test.cpp ]
+        [ run ../shared_iterator_test.cpp ]
+        [ run string_ref_test1.cpp unit_test_framework ]
+        [ run string_ref_test2.cpp unit_test_framework ]
+        [ run string_ref_test_io.cpp unit_test_framework ]
+        [ run string_view_test1.cpp unit_test_framework ]
+        [ run string_view_test2.cpp unit_test_framework ]
+        [ run string_view_test3.cpp ]
+        [ run string_view_test_io.cpp unit_test_framework ]
+        [ run ../value_init_test.cpp ]
+        [ run ../value_init_workaround_test.cpp ]
+        [ run ../initialized_test.cpp ]
+        [ compile-fail ../value_init_test_fail1.cpp ]
+        [ compile-fail ../value_init_test_fail2.cpp ]
+        [ compile-fail ../value_init_test_fail3.cpp ]
+        [ compile-fail ../initialized_test_fail1.cpp ]
+        [ compile-fail ../initialized_test_fail2.cpp ]
+
+        [ run ../generator_iterator_test.cpp ]
+    ;
+
--- a/test/msvc/common.props
+++ b/test/msvc/common.props
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup />
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>../../../../..</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <PostBuildEvent>
+      <Command>"$(TargetDir)\$(TargetName).exe"</Command>
+    </PostBuildEvent>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup />
+</Project>
--- a/test/msvc/string_view.sln
+++ b/test/msvc/string_view.sln
@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio 14
+VisualStudioVersion = 14.0.22823.1
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "string_view_test3", "string_view_test3\string_view_test3.vcxproj", "{4921E3AB-4466-4592-BA7A-3460AD616956}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
+		Release|x86 = Release|x86
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{4921E3AB-4466-4592-BA7A-3460AD616956}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{4921E3AB-4466-4592-BA7A-3460AD616956}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{4921E3AB-4466-4592-BA7A-3460AD616956}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{4921E3AB-4466-4592-BA7A-3460AD616956}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
--- a/test/msvc/string_view_test3/string_view_test3.vcxproj
+++ b/test/msvc/string_view_test3/string_view_test3.vcxproj
@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="14.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{4921E3AB-4466-4592-BA7A-3460AD616956}</ProjectGuid>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+    <RootNamespace>string_view_test3</RootNamespace>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>true</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>Application</ConfigurationType>
+    <UseDebugLibraries>false</UseDebugLibraries>
+    <PlatformToolset>v140</PlatformToolset>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="Shared">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+    <Import Project="..\common.props" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+    <Import Project="..\common.props" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>true</LinkIncremental>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <LinkIncremental>false</LinkIncremental>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <Optimization>MaxSpeed</Optimization>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_CONSOLE;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <SDLCheck>true</SDLCheck>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <SubSystem>Console</SubSystem>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>true</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\string_view_test3.cpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
--- a/test/next_prior_test.cpp
+++ b/test/next_prior_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Boost test program for next() and prior() utilities.
+
+// Copyright 2003 Daniel Walker.  Use, modification, and distribution
+// are subject to the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or a copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt.)
+
+// See http://www.boost.org/libs/utility for documentation.
+
+// Revision History 13 Dec 2003 Initial Version (Daniel Walker)
+
+// next() and prior() are replacements for operator+ and operator- for
+// non-random-access iterators. The semantics of these operators are
+// such that after executing j = i + n, std::distance(i, j) equals
+// n. Tests are provided to ensure next() has the same
+// result. Parallel tests are provided for prior(). The tests call
+// next() and prior() several times. next() and prior() are very
+// simple functions, though, and it would be very strange if these
+// tests were to fail.
+
+#define BOOST_INCLUDE_MAIN
+#include <boost/test/test_tools.hpp>
+
+#include <list>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <boost/next_prior.hpp>
+
+template<class RandomAccessIterator, class ForwardIterator>
+bool plus_one_test(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, ForwardIterator first2)
+{
+    RandomAccessIterator i = first;
+    ForwardIterator j = first2;
+    while(i != last)
+        i = i + 1, j = boost::next(j);
+    return std::distance(first, i) == std::distance(first2, j);
+}
+
+template<class RandomAccessIterator, class ForwardIterator>
+bool plus_n_test(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, ForwardIterator first2)
+{
+    RandomAccessIterator i = first;
+    ForwardIterator j = first2;
+    for(int n = 0; i != last; ++n)
+        i = first + n, j = boost::next(first2, n);
+    return std::distance(first, i) == std::distance(first2, j);
+}
+
+template<class RandomAccessIterator, class BidirectionalIterator>
+bool minus_one_test(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, BidirectionalIterator last2)
+{
+    RandomAccessIterator i = last;
+    BidirectionalIterator j = last2;
+    while(i != first)
+        i = i - 1, j = boost::prior(j);
+    return std::distance(i, last) == std::distance(j, last2);
+}
+
+template<class RandomAccessIterator, class BidirectionalIterator>
+bool minus_n_test(RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, BidirectionalIterator last2)
+{
+    RandomAccessIterator i = last;
+    BidirectionalIterator j = last2;
+    for(int n = 0; i != first; ++n)
+        i = last - n, j = boost::prior(last2, n);
+    return std::distance(i, last) == std::distance(j, last2);
+}
+
+template<class Iterator, class Distance>
+bool minus_n_unsigned_test(Iterator first, Iterator last, Distance size)
+{
+    Iterator i = boost::prior(last, size);
+    return i == first;
+}
+
+int test_main(int, char*[])
+{
+    std::vector<int> x(8);
+    std::list<int> y(x.begin(), x.end());
+
+    // Tests with iterators
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(plus_one_test(x.begin(), x.end(), y.begin()));
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(plus_n_test(x.begin(), x.end(), y.begin()));
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(minus_one_test(x.begin(), x.end(), y.end()));
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(minus_n_test(x.begin(), x.end(), y.end()));
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(minus_n_unsigned_test(x.begin(), x.end(), x.size()));
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(minus_n_unsigned_test(y.begin(), y.end(), y.size()));
+
+    // Tests with integers
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(boost::next(5) == 6);
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(boost::next(5, 7) == 12);
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(boost::prior(5) == 4);
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(boost::prior(5, 7) == -2);
+    BOOST_REQUIRE(boost::prior(5, 7u) == -2);
+
+    return 0;
+}
--- a/test/result_of_test.cpp
+++ b/test/result_of_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+// Boost result_of library
+
+//  Copyright Douglas Gregor 2003-2004. Use, modification and
+//  distribution is subject to the Boost Software License, Version
+//  1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+// Examples:
+//   To run the default test:
+//   $ cd libs/utility/test && bjam
+//   To test decltype on g++ 2.7:
+//   $ cd libs/utility/test && bjam cxxflags="-std=c++11 -D BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE"
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+
+// For more information, see http://www.boost.org/libs/utility
+#include <boost/utility/result_of.hpp>
+#include <utility>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp>
+
+struct int_result_type
+{
+  typedef int result_type;
+  result_type operator()(float);
+};
+
+struct int_result_of
+{
+  template<typename F> struct result { typedef int type; };
+  result<int_result_of(double)>::type operator()(double);
+  result<const int_result_of(double)>::type operator()(double) const;
+  result<int_result_of()>::type operator()();
+  result<volatile int_result_of()>::type operator()() volatile;
+};
+
+struct int_result_type_and_float_result_of_and_char_return
+{
+  typedef int result_type;
+  template<typename F> struct result { typedef float type; };
+  char operator()(char);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct int_result_type_template
+{
+  typedef int result_type;
+  result_type operator()(float);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct int_result_of_template
+{
+  template<typename F> struct result;
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<This(That)> { typedef int type; };
+  typename result<int_result_of_template<T>(double)>::type operator()(double);
+  typename result<const int_result_of_template<T>(double)>::type operator()(double) const;
+  typename result<int_result_of_template<T>(double)>::type operator()();
+  typename result<volatile int_result_of_template<T>(double)>::type operator()() volatile;
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct int_result_type_and_float_result_of_and_char_return_template
+{
+  typedef int result_type;
+  template<typename F> struct result;
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<This(That)> { typedef float type; };
+  char operator()(char);
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct cv_overload_check {};
+
+struct result_of_member_function_template
+{
+  template<typename F> struct result;
+
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<This(That)> { typedef That type; };
+  template<class T> typename result<result_of_member_function_template(T)>::type operator()(T);
+
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<const This(That)> { typedef cv_overload_check<const That> type; };
+  template<class T> typename result<const result_of_member_function_template(T)>::type operator()(T) const;
+
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<volatile This(That)> { typedef cv_overload_check<volatile That> type; };
+  template<class T> typename result<volatile result_of_member_function_template(T)>::type operator()(T) volatile;
+
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<const volatile This(That)> { typedef cv_overload_check<const volatile That> type; };
+  template<class T> typename result<const volatile result_of_member_function_template(T)>::type operator()(T) const volatile;
+
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<This(That &, That)> { typedef That & type; };
+  template<class T> typename result<result_of_member_function_template(T &, T)>::type operator()(T &, T);
+
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<This(That const &, That)> { typedef That const & type; };
+  template<class T> typename result<result_of_member_function_template(T const &, T)>::type operator()(T const &, T);
+
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<This(That volatile &, That)> { typedef That volatile & type; };
+  template<class T> typename result<result_of_member_function_template(T volatile &, T)>::type operator()(T volatile &, T);
+
+  template<typename This, typename That> struct result<This(That const volatile &, That)> { typedef That const volatile & type; };
+  template<class T> typename result<result_of_member_function_template(T const volatile &, T)>::type operator()(T const volatile &, T);
+};
+
+struct no_result_type_or_result
+{
+  short operator()(double);
+  cv_overload_check<const short> operator()(double) const;
+  cv_overload_check<volatile short> operator()(double) volatile;
+  cv_overload_check<const volatile short> operator()(double) const volatile;
+  int operator()();
+  cv_overload_check<const int> operator()() const;
+  cv_overload_check<volatile int> operator()() volatile;
+  cv_overload_check<const volatile int> operator()() const volatile;
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
+  short operator()(int&&);
+  int operator()(int&);
+  long operator()(int const&);
+#endif
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+struct no_result_type_or_result_template
+{
+  short operator()(double);
+  cv_overload_check<const short> operator()(double) const;
+  cv_overload_check<volatile short> operator()(double) volatile;
+  cv_overload_check<const volatile short> operator()(double) const volatile;
+  int operator()();
+  cv_overload_check<const int> operator()() const;
+  cv_overload_check<volatile int> operator()() volatile;
+  cv_overload_check<const volatile int> operator()() const volatile;
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
+  short operator()(int&&);
+  int operator()(int&);
+  long operator()(int const&);
+#endif
+};
+
+// sfinae_tests are derived from example code from Joel de Guzman,
+// which demonstrated the interaction between result_of and SFINAE.
+template <typename F, typename Arg>
+typename boost::result_of<F(Arg const&)>::type
+sfinae_test(F f, Arg const& arg)
+{
+    return f(arg);
+}
+
+template <typename F, typename Arg>
+typename boost::result_of<F(Arg&)>::type
+sfinae_test(F f, Arg& arg)
+{
+    return f(arg);
+}
+
+int sfinae_test_f(int& i)
+{
+    return i;
+}
+
+struct X {};
+
+int main()
+{
+  using namespace boost;
+
+  typedef int (*func_ptr)(float, double);
+  typedef int (&func_ref)(float, double);
+  typedef int (*func_ptr_0)();
+  typedef int (&func_ref_0)();
+  typedef void (*func_ptr_void)(float, double);
+  typedef void (&func_ref_void)(float, double);
+  typedef void (*func_ptr_void_0)();
+  typedef void (&func_ref_void_0)();
+  typedef int (X::*mem_func_ptr)(float);
+  typedef int (X::*mem_func_ptr_c)(float) const;
+  typedef int (X::*mem_func_ptr_v)(float) volatile;
+  typedef int (X::*mem_func_ptr_cv)(float) const volatile;
+  typedef int (X::*mem_func_ptr_0)();
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_type(float)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_of(double)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const int_result_of(double)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_type_template<void>(float)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_of_template<void>(double)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const int_result_of_template<void>(double)>::type, int>::value));
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<int_result_type(float)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<int_result_of(double)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<const int_result_of(double)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<int_result_type_template<void>(float)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<int_result_of_template<void>(double)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<const int_result_of_template<void>(double)>::type, int>::value));
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<int_result_of(void)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<volatile int_result_of(void)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<int_result_of_template<void>(void)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<volatile int_result_of_template<void>(void)>::type, void>::value));
+
+  // Prior to decltype, result_of could not deduce the return type
+  // of nullary function objects unless they exposed a result_type.
+#if defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE)
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_of(void)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<volatile int_result_of(void)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_of_template<void>(void)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<volatile int_result_of_template<void>(void)>::type, int>::value));
+#else
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_of(void)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<volatile int_result_of(void)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_of_template<void>(void)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<volatile int_result_of_template<void>(void)>::type, void>::value));
+#endif
+
+  // Prior to decltype, result_of ignored a nested result<> if
+  // result_type was defined. After decltype, result_of deduces the
+  // actual return type of the function object, ignoring both
+  // result<> and result_type.
+#if defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE)
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_type_and_float_result_of_and_char_return(char)>::type, char>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_type_and_float_result_of_and_char_return_template<void>(char)>::type, char>::value));
+#else
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_type_and_float_result_of_and_char_return(char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<int_result_type_and_float_result_of_and_char_return_template<void>(char)>::type, int>::value));
+#endif
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<int_result_type_and_float_result_of_and_char_return(char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<int_result_type_and_float_result_of_and_char_return_template<void>(char)>::type, int>::value));
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<func_ptr(char, float)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<func_ref(char, float)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<func_ptr_0()>::type, int>::value)); 
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<func_ref_0()>::type, int>::value)); 
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<func_ptr_void(char, float)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<func_ref_void(char, float)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<func_ptr_void_0()>::type, void>::value)); 
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<func_ref_void_0()>::type, void>::value)); 
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<mem_func_ptr(X,char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<mem_func_ptr_c(X,char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<mem_func_ptr_v(X,char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<mem_func_ptr_cv(X,char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<mem_func_ptr_0(X)>::type, int>::value)); 
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ptr(char, float)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ref(char, float)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ptr_0()>::type, int>::value)); 
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ref_0()>::type, int>::value)); 
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ptr_void(char, float)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ref_void(char, float)>::type, void>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ptr_void_0()>::type, void>::value)); 
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ref_void_0()>::type, void>::value)); 
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<mem_func_ptr(X,char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<mem_func_ptr_c(X,char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<mem_func_ptr_v(X,char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<mem_func_ptr_cv(X,char)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<mem_func_ptr_0(X)>::type, int>::value)); 
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ptr(void)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<func_ref(void)>::type, int>::value));
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<result_of_member_function_template(double)>::type, double>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const result_of_member_function_template(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<const double> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<volatile result_of_member_function_template(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<volatile double> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const volatile result_of_member_function_template(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<const volatile double> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<result_of_member_function_template(int &, int)>::type, int &>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<result_of_member_function_template(int const &, int)>::type, int const &>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<result_of_member_function_template(int volatile &, int)>::type, int volatile &>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<result_of_member_function_template(int const volatile &, int)>::type, int const volatile &>::value));
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<result_of_member_function_template(double)>::type, double>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<const result_of_member_function_template(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<const double> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<volatile result_of_member_function_template(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<volatile double> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<const volatile result_of_member_function_template(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<const volatile double> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<result_of_member_function_template(int &, int)>::type, int &>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<result_of_member_function_template(int const &, int)>::type, int const &>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<result_of_member_function_template(int volatile &, int)>::type, int volatile &>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<result_of_member_function_template(int const volatile &, int)>::type, int const volatile &>::value));
+
+  typedef int (*pf_t)(int);
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<pf_t(int)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<pf_t const(int)>::type,int>::value));
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<pf_t(int)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<tr1_result_of<pf_t const(int)>::type,int>::value));
+
+#if defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE) || defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK)
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result(double)>::type, short>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const no_result_type_or_result(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<const short> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<volatile no_result_type_or_result(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<volatile short> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const volatile no_result_type_or_result(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<const volatile short> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result(void)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const no_result_type_or_result(void)>::type, cv_overload_check<const int> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<volatile no_result_type_or_result(void)>::type, cv_overload_check<volatile int> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const volatile no_result_type_or_result(void)>::type, cv_overload_check<const volatile int> >::value));
+
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(double)>::type, short>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<const short> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<volatile no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<volatile short> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const volatile no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(double)>::type, cv_overload_check<const volatile short> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(void)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(void)>::type, cv_overload_check<const int> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<volatile no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(void)>::type, cv_overload_check<volatile int> >::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<const volatile no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(void)>::type, cv_overload_check<const volatile int> >::value));
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result(int&&)>::type, short>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result(int&)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result(int const&)>::type, long>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(int&&)>::type, short>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(int&)>::type, int>::value));
+  BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((is_same<result_of<no_result_type_or_result_template<void>(int const&)>::type, long>::value));
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE) || defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK)
+  int i = 123;
+  sfinae_test(sfinae_test_f, i);
+#endif // defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE) || defined(BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK)
+
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/test/string_ref_test1.cpp
+++ b/test/string_ref_test1.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+   Copyright (c) Marshall Clow 2012-2012.
+
+   Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+    For more information, see http://www.boost.org
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/utility/string_ref.hpp>
+
+#define BOOST_TEST_MAIN
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+typedef boost::string_ref string_ref;
+
+//  Should be equal
+void interop ( const std::string &str, string_ref ref ) {
+//  BOOST_CHECK ( str == ref );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( str.size () == ref.size ());
+    BOOST_CHECK ( std::equal ( str.begin (),  str.end (),  ref.begin ()));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( std::equal ( str.rbegin (), str.rend (), ref.rbegin ()));
+    }
+
+void null_tests ( const char *p ) {
+//  All zero-length string-refs should be equal
+    string_ref sr1; // NULL, 0
+    string_ref sr2 ( NULL, 0 );
+    string_ref sr3 ( p, 0 );
+    string_ref sr4 ( p );
+    sr4.clear ();
+
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 == sr2 );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 == sr3 );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr2 == sr3 );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 == sr4 );
+    }
+
+//  make sure that substrings work just like strings
+void test_substr ( const std::string &str ) {
+    const size_t sz = str.size ();
+    string_ref ref ( str );
+
+//  Substrings at the end
+    for ( size_t i = 0; i <= sz; ++ i )
+        interop ( str.substr ( i ), ref.substr ( i ));
+
+//  Substrings at the beginning
+    for ( size_t i = 0; i <= sz; ++ i )
+        interop ( str.substr ( 0, i ), ref.substr ( 0, i ));
+
+//  All possible substrings
+    for ( size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i )
+        for ( size_t j = i; j < sz; ++j )
+            interop ( str.substr ( i, j ), ref.substr ( i, j ));
+    }
+
+//  make sure that removing prefixes and suffixes work just like strings
+void test_remove ( const std::string &str ) {
+    const size_t sz = str.size ();
+    std::string work;
+    string_ref ref;
+
+    for ( size_t i = 1; i <= sz; ++i ) {
+      work = str;
+      ref  = str;
+      while ( ref.size () >= i ) {
+          interop ( work, ref );
+          work.erase ( 0, i );
+          ref.remove_prefix (i);
+          }
+      }
+
+    for ( size_t i = 1; i < sz; ++ i ) {
+      work = str;
+      ref  = str;
+      while ( ref.size () >= i ) {
+          interop ( work, ref );
+          work.erase ( work.size () - i, i );
+          ref.remove_suffix (i);
+          }
+      }
+    }
+
+const char *test_strings [] = {
+    "",
+    "1",
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ",
+    "0123456789",
+    NULL
+    };
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
+{
+    const char **p = &test_strings[0];
+
+    while ( *p != NULL ) {
+        interop ( *p, *p );
+        test_substr ( *p );
+        test_remove ( *p );
+        null_tests ( *p );
+
+        p++;
+        }
+}
--- a/test/string_ref_test2.cpp
+++ b/test/string_ref_test2.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+/*
+   Copyright (c) Marshall Clow 2012-2012.
+
+   Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+    For more information, see http://www.boost.org
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cstring>    // for std::strchr
+
+#include <boost/utility/string_ref.hpp>
+
+#define BOOST_TEST_MAIN
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+typedef boost::string_ref string_ref;
+
+void ends_with ( const char *arg ) {
+    const size_t sz = std::strlen ( arg );
+    string_ref sr ( arg );
+    string_ref sr2 ( arg );
+    const char *p = arg;
+
+    while ( *p ) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.ends_with ( p ));
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+    while ( !sr2.empty ()) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.ends_with ( sr2 ));
+        sr2.remove_prefix (1);
+        }
+
+    sr2 = arg;
+    while ( !sr2.empty ()) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.ends_with ( sr2 ));
+        sr2.remove_prefix (1);
+        }
+
+    char ch = sz == 0 ? '\0' : arg [ sz - 1 ];
+    sr2 = arg;
+    if ( sz > 0 )
+      BOOST_CHECK ( sr2.ends_with ( ch ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( !sr2.ends_with ( ++ch ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr2.ends_with ( string_ref ()));
+    }
+
+void starts_with ( const char *arg ) {
+    const size_t sz = std::strlen ( arg );
+    string_ref sr  ( arg );
+    string_ref sr2 ( arg );
+    const char *p = arg + std::strlen ( arg ) - 1;
+    while ( p >= arg ) {
+        std::string foo ( arg, p + 1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.starts_with ( foo ));
+        --p;
+        }
+
+    while ( !sr2.empty ()) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.starts_with ( sr2 ));
+        sr2.remove_suffix (1);
+        }
+
+    char ch = *arg;
+    sr2 = arg;
+  if ( sz > 0 )
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr2.starts_with ( ch ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( !sr2.starts_with ( ++ch ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr2.starts_with ( string_ref ()));
+    }
+
+void reverse ( const char *arg ) {
+//  Round trip
+    string_ref sr1 ( arg );
+    std::string string1 ( sr1.rbegin (), sr1.rend ());
+    string_ref sr2 ( string1 );
+    std::string string2 ( sr2.rbegin (), sr2.rend ());
+
+    BOOST_CHECK ( std::equal ( sr2.rbegin (), sr2.rend (), arg ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( string2 == arg );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( std::equal ( sr1.begin (), sr1.end (), string2.begin ()));
+    }
+
+//	This helper function eliminates signed vs. unsigned warnings
+string_ref::size_type ptr_diff ( const char *res, const char *base ) {
+    BOOST_CHECK ( res >= base );
+    return static_cast<string_ref::size_type> ( res - base );
+    }
+
+void find ( const char *arg ) {
+    string_ref sr1;
+    string_ref sr2;
+    const char *p;
+
+//  Look for each character in the string(searching from the start)
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( *p ) {
+      string_ref::size_type pos = sr1.find(*p);
+      BOOST_CHECK ( pos != string_ref::npos && ( pos <= ptr_diff ( p, arg )));
+      ++p;
+      }
+
+//  Look for each character in the string (searching from the end)
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( *p ) {
+      string_ref::size_type pos = sr1.rfind(*p);
+      BOOST_CHECK ( pos != string_ref::npos && pos < sr1.size () && ( pos >= ptr_diff ( p, arg )));
+      ++p;
+      }
+
+//	Look for pairs on characters (searching from the start)
+    sr1 = arg;
+    p = arg;
+    while ( *p && *(p+1)) {
+        string_ref sr3 ( p, 2 );
+        string_ref::size_type pos = sr1.find ( sr3 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos != string_ref::npos && pos <= static_cast<string_ref::size_type>( p - arg ));
+        p++;
+        }
+
+    sr1 = arg;
+    p = arg;
+//  for all possible chars, see if we find them in the right place.
+//  Note that strchr will/might do the _wrong_ thing if we search for NULL
+    for ( int ch = 1; ch < 256; ++ch ) {
+        string_ref::size_type pos = sr1.find(ch);
+        const char *strp = std::strchr ( arg, ch );
+        BOOST_CHECK (( strp == NULL ) == ( pos == string_ref::npos ));
+        if ( strp != NULL )
+            BOOST_CHECK ( ptr_diff ( strp, arg ) == pos );
+    }
+
+    sr1 = arg;
+    p = arg;
+//  for all possible chars, see if we find them in the right place.
+//  Note that strchr will/might do the _wrong_ thing if we search for NULL
+    for ( int ch = 1; ch < 256; ++ch ) {
+        string_ref::size_type pos = sr1.rfind(ch);
+        const char *strp = std::strrchr ( arg, ch );
+        BOOST_CHECK (( strp == NULL ) == ( pos == string_ref::npos ));
+        if ( strp != NULL )
+            BOOST_CHECK ( ptr_diff ( strp, arg ) == pos );
+    }
+
+
+//  Find everything at the start
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( !sr1.empty ()) {
+        string_ref::size_type pos = sr1.find(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos == 0 );
+        sr1.remove_prefix (1);
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+//  Find everything at the end
+    sr1  = arg;
+    p    = arg + std::strlen ( arg ) - 1;
+    while ( !sr1.empty ()) {
+        string_ref::size_type pos = sr1.rfind(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos == sr1.size () - 1 );
+        sr1.remove_suffix (1);
+        --p;
+        }
+
+//  Find everything at the start
+    sr1  = arg;
+    p    = arg;
+    while ( !sr1.empty ()) {
+        string_ref::size_type pos = sr1.find_first_of(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos == 0 );
+        sr1.remove_prefix (1);
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+
+//  Find everything at the end
+    sr1  = arg;
+    p    = arg + std::strlen ( arg ) - 1;
+    while ( !sr1.empty ()) {
+        string_ref::size_type pos = sr1.find_last_of(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos == sr1.size () - 1 );
+        sr1.remove_suffix (1);
+        --p;
+        }
+
+//  Basic sanity checking for "find_first_of / find_first_not_of"
+    sr1 = arg;
+    sr2 = arg;
+    while ( !sr1.empty() ) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1.find_first_of ( sr2 )     == 0 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1.find_first_not_of ( sr2 ) == string_ref::npos );
+        sr1.remove_prefix ( 1 );
+        }
+
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( *p ) {
+        string_ref::size_type pos1 = sr1.find_first_of(*p);
+        string_ref::size_type pos2 = sr1.find_first_not_of(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos1 != string_ref::npos && pos1 < sr1.size () && pos1 <= ptr_diff ( p, arg ));
+        if ( pos2 != string_ref::npos ) {
+            for ( size_t i = 0 ; i < pos2; ++i )
+                BOOST_CHECK ( sr1[i] == *p );
+            BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 [ pos2 ] != *p );
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos2 != pos1 );
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+//  Basic sanity checking for "find_last_of / find_last_not_of"
+    sr1 = arg;
+    sr2 = arg;
+    while ( !sr1.empty() ) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1.find_last_of ( sr2 )     == ( sr1.size () - 1 ));
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1.find_last_not_of ( sr2 ) == string_ref::npos );
+        sr1.remove_suffix ( 1 );
+        }
+
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( *p ) {
+        string_ref::size_type pos1 = sr1.find_last_of(*p);
+        string_ref::size_type pos2 = sr1.find_last_not_of(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos1 != string_ref::npos && pos1 < sr1.size () && pos1 >= ptr_diff ( p, arg ));
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos2 == string_ref::npos || pos1 < sr1.size ());
+        if ( pos2 != string_ref::npos ) {
+            for ( size_t i = sr1.size () -1 ; i > pos2; --i )
+                BOOST_CHECK ( sr1[i] == *p );
+            BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 [ pos2 ] != *p );
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos2 != pos1 );
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+
+void to_string ( const char *arg ) {
+    string_ref sr1;
+    std::string str1;
+    std::string str2;
+
+    str1.assign ( arg );
+    sr1 = arg;
+//	str2 = sr1.to_string<std::allocator<char> > ();
+    str2 = sr1.to_string ();
+    BOOST_CHECK ( str1 == str2 );
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_OPERATORS
+    std::string str3 = static_cast<std::string> ( sr1 );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( str1 == str3 );
+#endif
+    }
+
+void compare ( const char *arg ) {
+    string_ref sr1;
+    std::string str1;
+    std::string str2 = str1;
+
+    str1.assign ( arg );
+    sr1 = arg;
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  == sr1);	    // compare string_ref and string_ref
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  == str1);	// compare string and string_ref
+    BOOST_CHECK ( str1 == sr1 );	// compare string_ref and string
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  == arg );	// compare string_ref and pointer
+    BOOST_CHECK ( arg  == sr1 );	// compare pointer and string_ref
+
+    if ( sr1.size () > 0 ) {
+        (*str1.rbegin())++;
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  != str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 != sr1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 < str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 <= str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 > sr1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 >= sr1 );
+
+        (*str1.rbegin()) -= 2;
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  != str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 != sr1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 > str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 >= str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 < sr1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 <= sr1 );
+        }
+    }
+
+const char *test_strings [] = {
+    "",
+    "0",
+    "abc",
+    "AAA",  // all the same
+    "adsfadadiaef;alkdg;aljt;j agl;sjrl;tjs;lga;lretj;srg[w349u5209dsfadfasdfasdfadsf",
+    "abc\0asdfadsfasf",
+    NULL
+    };
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
+{
+    const char **p = &test_strings[0];
+
+    while ( *p != NULL ) {
+        starts_with ( *p );
+        ends_with ( *p );
+        reverse ( *p );
+        find ( *p );
+        to_string ( *p );
+        compare ( *p );
+
+        p++;
+        }
+}
--- a/test/string_ref_test_io.cpp
+++ b/test/string_ref_test_io.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ *             Copyright Andrey Semashev 2013.
+ * Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+ *    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+ *          http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ */
+/*!
+ * \file   string_ref_test_io.cpp
+ * \author Andrey Semashev
+ * \date   26.05.2013
+ *
+ * \brief  This header contains tests for stream operations of \c basic_string_ref.
+ */
+
+#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE string_ref_test_io
+
+#include <boost/utility/string_ref.hpp>
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/vector.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+typedef boost::mpl::vector<
+    char
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_STD_WSTRING) && !defined(BOOST_NO_STD_WSTREAMBUF) && !defined(BOOST_NO_INTRINSIC_WCHAR_T)
+    , wchar_t
+#endif
+/* Current implementations seem to be missing codecvt facets to convert chars to char16_t and char32_t even though the types are available.
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_CHAR16_T)
+    , char16_t
+#endif
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_CHAR32_T)
+    , char32_t
+#endif
+*/
+>::type char_types;
+
+static const char* test_strings[] =
+{
+    "begin",
+    "abcd",
+    "end"
+};
+
+//! The context with test data for particular character type
+template< typename CharT >
+struct context
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+
+    string_type begin, abcd, end;
+
+    context()
+    {
+        boost::string_ref str = test_strings[0];
+        std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), std::back_inserter(begin));
+
+        str = test_strings[1];
+        std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), std::back_inserter(abcd));
+
+        str = test_strings[2];
+        std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), std::back_inserter(end));
+    }
+};
+
+// Test regular output
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(string_ref_output, CharT, char_types)
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+    typedef boost::basic_string_ref< char_type > string_ref_type;
+
+    context< char_type > ctx;
+
+    ostream_type strm;
+    strm << string_ref_type(ctx.abcd);
+    BOOST_CHECK(strm.str() == ctx.abcd);
+}
+
+// Test support for padding
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(padding, CharT, char_types)
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+    typedef boost::basic_string_ref< char_type > string_ref_type;
+
+    context< char_type > ctx;
+
+    // Test for padding
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_ref;
+        strm_ref << ctx.begin << std::setw(8) << string_ref_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::setw(8) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_ref.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+
+    // Test for long padding
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_ref;
+        strm_ref << ctx.begin << std::setw(100) << string_ref_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::setw(100) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_ref.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+
+    // Test that short width does not truncate the string
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_ref;
+        strm_ref << ctx.begin << std::setw(1) << string_ref_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::setw(1) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_ref.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+}
+
+// Test support for padding fill
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(padding_fill, CharT, char_types)
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+    typedef boost::basic_string_ref< char_type > string_ref_type;
+
+    context< char_type > ctx;
+
+    ostream_type strm_ref;
+    strm_ref << ctx.begin << std::setfill(static_cast< char_type >('x')) << std::setw(8) << string_ref_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+    ostream_type strm_correct;
+    strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::setfill(static_cast< char_type >('x')) << std::setw(8) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+    BOOST_CHECK(strm_ref.str() == strm_correct.str());
+}
+
+// Test support for alignment
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(alignment, CharT, char_types)
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+    typedef boost::basic_string_ref< char_type > string_ref_type;
+
+    context< char_type > ctx;
+
+    // Left alignment
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_ref;
+        strm_ref << ctx.begin << std::left << std::setw(8) << string_ref_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::left << std::setw(8) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_ref.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+
+    // Right alignment
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_ref;
+        strm_ref << ctx.begin << std::right << std::setw(8) << string_ref_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::right << std::setw(8) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_ref.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+}
--- a/test/string_view_test1.cpp
+++ b/test/string_view_test1.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+   Copyright (c) Marshall Clow 2012-2012.
+
+   Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+    For more information, see http://www.boost.org
+*/
+
+#ifndef _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+# define _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/utility/string_view.hpp>
+
+#define BOOST_TEST_MAIN
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+typedef boost::string_view string_view;
+
+//  Should be equal
+void interop ( const std::string &str, string_view ref ) {
+//  BOOST_CHECK ( str == ref );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( str.size () == ref.size ());
+    BOOST_CHECK ( std::equal ( str.begin (),  str.end (),  ref.begin ()));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( std::equal ( str.rbegin (), str.rend (), ref.rbegin ()));
+    }
+
+void null_tests ( const char *p ) {
+//  All zero-length string-refs should be equal
+    string_view sr1; // NULL, 0
+    string_view sr2 ( NULL, 0 );
+    string_view sr3 ( p, 0 );
+    string_view sr4 ( p );
+    sr4.clear ();
+
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 == sr2 );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 == sr3 );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr2 == sr3 );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 == sr4 );
+    }
+
+//  make sure that substrings work just like strings
+void test_substr ( const std::string &str ) {
+    const size_t sz = str.size ();
+    string_view ref ( str );
+
+//  Substrings at the end
+    for ( size_t i = 0; i <= sz; ++ i )
+        interop ( str.substr ( i ), ref.substr ( i ));
+
+//  Substrings at the beginning
+    for ( size_t i = 0; i <= sz; ++ i )
+        interop ( str.substr ( 0, i ), ref.substr ( 0, i ));
+
+//  All possible substrings
+    for ( size_t i = 0; i < sz; ++i )
+        for ( size_t j = i; j < sz; ++j )
+            interop ( str.substr ( i, j ), ref.substr ( i, j ));
+    }
+
+//  make sure that removing prefixes and suffixes work just like strings
+void test_remove ( const std::string &str ) {
+    const size_t sz = str.size ();
+    std::string work;
+    string_view ref;
+
+    for ( size_t i = 1; i <= sz; ++i ) {
+      work = str;
+      ref  = str;
+      while ( ref.size () >= i ) {
+          interop ( work, ref );
+          work.erase ( 0, i );
+          ref.remove_prefix (i);
+          }
+      }
+
+    for ( size_t i = 1; i < sz; ++ i ) {
+      work = str;
+      ref  = str;
+      while ( ref.size () >= i ) {
+          interop ( work, ref );
+          work.erase ( work.size () - i, i );
+          ref.remove_suffix (i);
+          }
+      }
+    }
+
+const char *test_strings [] = {
+    "",
+    "1",
+    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ",
+    "0123456789",
+    NULL
+    };
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
+{
+    const char **p = &test_strings[0];
+
+    while ( *p != NULL ) {
+        interop ( *p, *p );
+        test_substr ( *p );
+        test_remove ( *p );
+        null_tests ( *p );
+
+        p++;
+        }
+}
--- a/test/string_view_test2.cpp
+++ b/test/string_view_test2.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+/*
+   Copyright (c) Marshall Clow 2012-2012.
+
+   Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+   file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+    For more information, see http://www.boost.org
+*/
+
+#ifndef _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+# define _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <cstring>    // for std::strchr
+
+#include <boost/utility/string_view.hpp>
+
+#define BOOST_TEST_MAIN
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+typedef boost::string_view string_view;
+
+void ends_with ( const char *arg ) {
+    const size_t sz = std::strlen ( arg );
+    string_view sr ( arg );
+    string_view sr2 ( arg );
+    const char *p = arg;
+
+    while ( *p ) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.ends_with ( p ));
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+    while ( !sr2.empty ()) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.ends_with ( sr2 ));
+        sr2.remove_prefix (1);
+        }
+
+    sr2 = arg;
+    while ( !sr2.empty ()) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.ends_with ( sr2 ));
+        sr2.remove_prefix (1);
+        }
+
+    char ch = sz == 0 ? '\0' : arg [ sz - 1 ];
+    sr2 = arg;
+    if ( sz > 0 )
+      BOOST_CHECK ( sr2.ends_with ( ch ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( !sr2.ends_with ( ++ch ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr2.ends_with ( string_view ()));
+    }
+
+void starts_with ( const char *arg ) {
+    const size_t sz = std::strlen ( arg );
+    string_view sr  ( arg );
+    string_view sr2 ( arg );
+    const char *p = arg + std::strlen ( arg ) - 1;
+    while ( p >= arg ) {
+        std::string foo ( arg, p + 1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.starts_with ( foo ));
+        --p;
+        }
+
+    while ( !sr2.empty ()) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr.starts_with ( sr2 ));
+        sr2.remove_suffix (1);
+        }
+
+    char ch = *arg;
+    sr2 = arg;
+  if ( sz > 0 )
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr2.starts_with ( ch ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( !sr2.starts_with ( ++ch ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr2.starts_with ( string_view ()));
+    }
+
+void reverse ( const char *arg ) {
+//  Round trip
+    string_view sr1 ( arg );
+    std::string string1 ( sr1.rbegin (), sr1.rend ());
+    string_view sr2 ( string1 );
+    std::string string2 ( sr2.rbegin (), sr2.rend ());
+
+    BOOST_CHECK ( std::equal ( sr2.rbegin (), sr2.rend (), arg ));
+    BOOST_CHECK ( string2 == arg );
+    BOOST_CHECK ( std::equal ( sr1.begin (), sr1.end (), string2.begin ()));
+    }
+
+//	This helper function eliminates signed vs. unsigned warnings
+string_view::size_type ptr_diff ( const char *res, const char *base ) {
+    BOOST_CHECK ( res >= base );
+    return static_cast<string_view::size_type> ( res - base );
+    }
+
+void find ( const char *arg ) {
+    string_view sr1;
+    string_view sr2;
+    const char *p;
+
+//  Look for each character in the string(searching from the start)
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( *p ) {
+      string_view::size_type pos = sr1.find(*p);
+      BOOST_CHECK ( pos != string_view::npos && ( pos <= ptr_diff ( p, arg )));
+      ++p;
+      }
+
+//  Look for each character in the string (searching from the end)
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( *p ) {
+      string_view::size_type pos = sr1.rfind(*p);
+      BOOST_CHECK ( pos != string_view::npos && pos < sr1.size () && ( pos >= ptr_diff ( p, arg )));
+      ++p;
+      }
+
+//	Look for pairs on characters (searching from the start)
+    sr1 = arg;
+    p = arg;
+    while ( *p && *(p+1)) {
+        string_view sr3 ( p, 2 );
+        string_view::size_type pos = sr1.find ( sr3 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos != string_view::npos && pos <= static_cast<string_view::size_type>( p - arg ));
+        p++;
+        }
+
+    sr1 = arg;
+    p = arg;
+//  for all possible chars, see if we find them in the right place.
+//  Note that strchr will/might do the _wrong_ thing if we search for NULL
+
+    for ( unsigned char ch = 1u; ; ++ch ) {
+        string_view::size_type pos = sr1.find(ch);
+        const char *strp = std::strchr ( arg, ch );
+        BOOST_CHECK (( strp == NULL ) == ( pos == string_view::npos ));
+        if ( strp != NULL )
+            BOOST_CHECK ( ptr_diff ( strp, arg ) == pos );
+        if (ch == 255u)
+            break;
+        }
+
+    sr1 = arg;
+    p = arg;
+//  for all possible chars, see if we find them in the right place.
+//  Note that strchr will/might do the _wrong_ thing if we search for NULL
+    for ( unsigned char ch = 1u; ; ++ch ) {
+        string_view::size_type pos = sr1.rfind(ch);
+        const char *strp = std::strrchr ( arg, ch );
+        BOOST_CHECK (( strp == NULL ) == ( pos == string_view::npos ));
+        if ( strp != NULL )
+            BOOST_CHECK ( ptr_diff ( strp, arg ) == pos );
+        if (ch == 255u)
+            break;
+    }
+
+
+//  Find everything at the start
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( !sr1.empty ()) {
+        string_view::size_type pos = sr1.find(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos == 0 );
+        sr1.remove_prefix (1);
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+//  Find everything at the end
+    sr1  = arg;
+    p    = arg + std::strlen ( arg ) - 1;
+    while ( !sr1.empty ()) {
+        string_view::size_type pos = sr1.rfind(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos == sr1.size () - 1 );
+        sr1.remove_suffix (1);
+        --p;
+        }
+
+//  Find everything at the start
+    sr1  = arg;
+    p    = arg;
+    while ( !sr1.empty ()) {
+        string_view::size_type pos = sr1.find_first_of(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos == 0 );
+        sr1.remove_prefix (1);
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+
+//  Find everything at the end
+    sr1  = arg;
+    p    = arg + std::strlen ( arg ) - 1;
+    while ( !sr1.empty ()) {
+        string_view::size_type pos = sr1.find_last_of(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos == sr1.size () - 1 );
+        sr1.remove_suffix (1);
+        --p;
+        }
+
+//  Basic sanity checking for "find_first_of / find_first_not_of"
+    sr1 = arg;
+    sr2 = arg;
+    while ( !sr1.empty() ) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1.find_first_of ( sr2 )     == 0 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1.find_first_not_of ( sr2 ) == string_view::npos );
+        sr1.remove_prefix ( 1 );
+        }
+
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( *p ) {
+        string_view::size_type pos1 = sr1.find_first_of(*p);
+        string_view::size_type pos2 = sr1.find_first_not_of(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos1 != string_view::npos && pos1 < sr1.size () && pos1 <= ptr_diff ( p, arg ));
+        if ( pos2 != string_view::npos ) {
+            for ( size_t i = 0 ; i < pos2; ++i )
+                BOOST_CHECK ( sr1[i] == *p );
+            BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 [ pos2 ] != *p );
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos2 != pos1 );
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+//  Basic sanity checking for "find_last_of / find_last_not_of"
+    sr1 = arg;
+    sr2 = arg;
+    while ( !sr1.empty() ) {
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1.find_last_of ( sr2 )     == ( sr1.size () - 1 ));
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1.find_last_not_of ( sr2 ) == string_view::npos );
+        sr1.remove_suffix ( 1 );
+        }
+
+    p = arg;
+    sr1 = arg;
+    while ( *p ) {
+        string_view::size_type pos1 = sr1.find_last_of(*p);
+        string_view::size_type pos2 = sr1.find_last_not_of(*p);
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos1 != string_view::npos && pos1 < sr1.size () && pos1 >= ptr_diff ( p, arg ));
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos2 == string_view::npos || pos1 < sr1.size ());
+        if ( pos2 != string_view::npos ) {
+            for ( size_t i = sr1.size () -1 ; i > pos2; --i )
+                BOOST_CHECK ( sr1[i] == *p );
+            BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 [ pos2 ] != *p );
+            }
+
+        BOOST_CHECK ( pos2 != pos1 );
+        ++p;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+
+void to_string ( const char *arg ) {
+    string_view sr1;
+    std::string str1;
+    std::string str2;
+
+    str1.assign ( arg );
+    sr1 = arg;
+//	str2 = sr1.to_string<std::allocator<char> > ();
+    str2 = sr1.to_string ();
+    BOOST_CHECK ( str1 == str2 );
+
+//#ifndef BOOST_NO_CXX11_EXPLICIT_CONVERSION_OPERATORS
+//    std::string str3 = static_cast<std::string> ( sr1 );
+//    BOOST_CHECK ( str1 == str3 );
+//#endif
+    }
+
+void compare ( const char *arg ) {
+    string_view sr1;
+    std::string str1;
+    std::string str2 = str1;
+
+    str1.assign ( arg );
+    sr1 = arg;
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  == sr1);	    // compare string_view and string_view
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  == str1);	// compare string and string_view
+    BOOST_CHECK ( str1 == sr1 );	// compare string_view and string
+    BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  == arg );	// compare string_view and pointer
+    BOOST_CHECK ( arg  == sr1 );	// compare pointer and string_view
+
+    if ( sr1.size () > 0 ) {
+        (*str1.rbegin())++;
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  != str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 != sr1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 < str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 <= str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 > sr1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 >= sr1 );
+
+        (*str1.rbegin()) -= 2;
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1  != str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 != sr1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 > str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( sr1 >= str1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 < sr1 );
+        BOOST_CHECK ( str1 <= sr1 );
+        }
+    }
+
+const char *test_strings [] = {
+    "",
+    "0",
+    "abc",
+    "AAA",  // all the same
+    "adsfadadiaef;alkdg;aljt;j agl;sjrl;tjs;lga;lretj;srg[w349u5209dsfadfasdfasdfadsf",
+    "abc\0asdfadsfasf",
+    NULL
+    };
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE( test_main )
+{
+    const char **p = &test_strings[0];
+
+    while ( *p != NULL ) {
+        starts_with ( *p );
+        ends_with ( *p );
+        reverse ( *p );
+        find ( *p );
+        to_string ( *p );
+        compare ( *p );
+
+        p++;
+        }
+}
--- a/test/string_view_test3.cpp
+++ b/test/string_view_test3.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,482 @@
+/*
+   <20> Copyright Beman Dawes 2015
+
+   Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0
+   See http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt
+
+   For more information, see http://www.boost.org
+*/
+
+#ifndef _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+# define _SCL_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/utility/string_view.hpp>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+
+#define BOOST_LIGHTWEIGHT_TEST_OSTREAM std::cout
+#include <boost/core/lightweight_test.hpp>
+#include <boost/detail/lightweight_main.hpp>
+
+namespace
+{
+  void swap_test()
+  {
+    std::cout << "swap test..." << std::endl;
+
+    std::string s1("abcdefg");
+    boost::string_view sv1(s1);
+    std::string s2("xyz");
+    boost::string_view sv2(s2);
+    std::string s3;
+    boost::string_view sv3(s3);
+
+    boost::string_view sv1_org(sv1);
+    boost::string_view sv2_org(sv2);
+    boost::string_view sv3_org(sv3);
+
+    sv1.swap(sv2);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.data(), sv2_org.data());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv2.data(), sv1_org.data());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.size(), sv2_org.size());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv2.size(), sv1_org.size());
+    sv1.swap(sv2);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.data(), sv1_org.data());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv2.data(), sv2_org.data());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.size(), sv1_org.size());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv2.size(), sv2_org.size());
+
+    sv3.swap(sv1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.data(), sv1_org.data());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.data(), sv3_org.data());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.size(), sv1_org.size());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.size(), sv3_org.size());
+    sv3.swap(sv1);
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.data(), sv1_org.data());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.data(), sv3_org.data());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.size(), sv1_org.size());
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.size(), sv3_org.size());
+  }
+
+  void copy_test()
+  {
+    std::cout << "copy test..." << std::endl;
+
+    std::string s1("abcdefg");
+    boost::string_view sv1(s1);
+    const std::size_t sz = 128u;
+    char a[sz];
+
+    std::fill(a, a + sz, 'x');
+    sv1.copy(a, sv1.size());
+    BOOST_TEST(std::memcmp(sv1.data(), &a, sv1.size()) == 0);
+    const char* p;
+    for (p = a + sv1.size();
+      p != a + sz && *p == 'x'; ++p) {}
+    BOOST_TEST(p == a + sz);
+
+    std::fill(a, a + sz, 'x');
+    sv1.copy(a, sv1.size()-2, 2);
+    BOOST_TEST(std::memcmp(sv1.data()+2, &a, sv1.size()-2) == 0);
+    for (p = a + sv1.size() - 2;
+      p != a + sz && *p == 'x'; ++p) {}
+    BOOST_TEST(p == a + sz);
+  }
+
+  void compare_test()
+  {
+    std::cout << "compare test..." << std::endl;
+
+  }
+
+  void find_test()
+  {
+    std::cout << "find test..." << std::endl;
+
+    //  find - test two modified and two new signatures
+    std::string s1("ababcab");
+    boost::string_view sv1(s1);
+    std::string s2("abc");
+    boost::string_view sv2(s2);
+    std::string s3;
+    boost::string_view sv3(s3);
+
+    //  first signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find(sv3), s3.find(s3));            // both strings empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv3), s1.find(s3));            // search string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find(sv2), s3.find(s2));            // searched string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv3, sizeof(s1) + 2), s1.find(s3, sizeof(s1) + 2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv3, sizeof(s1) + 1), s1.find(s3, sizeof(s1) + 1));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv3, sizeof(s1)), s1.find(s3, sizeof(s1)));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv3, sizeof(s1)-  1), s1.find(s3, sizeof(s1)-  1));
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv2), s1.find(s2));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= sizeof(s1) + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv2, i), s1.find(s2, i));
+    }
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= sizeof(s1) + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv3, i), s1.find(s3, i));
+    }
+
+    //  second signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= sizeof(s1) + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find('b', i), s1.find('b', i));
+    }
+
+    //  third signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= sizeof(s1) + 1; ++i)
+      for (std::string::size_type j = 0; j <= 4; ++j)
+      {
+        //std::cout << i << " " << j << std::endl;
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find("abc", i, j), s1.find("abc", i, j));
+      }
+
+    //  fourth signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find("abc"), s1.find("abc"));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= sizeof(s1) + 1; ++i)
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find("abc", i), s1.find("abc", i));
+  }
+
+  void rfind_test()
+  {
+    std::cout << "rfind test..." << std::endl;
+
+    //  rfind - test two modified and two new signatures
+    std::string s1("ababcab");
+    boost::string_view sv1(s1);
+    std::string s2("ab");
+    boost::string_view sv2(s2);
+    std::string s3;
+    boost::string_view sv3(s3);
+
+     //  first signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.rfind(sv3), s3.rfind(s3));          // both strings empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind(sv3), s1.rfind(s3));          // search string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.rfind(sv2), s3.rfind(s2));          // searched string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv3, s1.size() + 2), s1.find(s3, s1.size() + 2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find(sv3, s1.size() + 1), s1.find(s3, s1.size() + 1));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind(sv3, s1.size()), s1.rfind(s3, s1.size()));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind(sv3, s1.size()-  1), s1.rfind(s3, s1.size()-  1));
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind(sv2), s1.rfind(s2));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = s1.size(); i <= s1.size(); --i)
+    {
+      // std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.rfind(sv2, i) << " " << s1.rfind(s2, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind(sv2, i), s1.rfind(s2, i));
+    }
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind(sv3, i), s1.rfind(s3, i));
+    }
+
+    //  second signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind('b', i), s1.rfind('b', i));
+    }
+
+    //  third signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+      for (std::string::size_type j = 0; j <= 4; ++j)
+      {
+        //std::cout << i << " " << j << std::endl;
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind("abc", i, j), s1.rfind("abc", i, j));
+      }
+
+    //  fourth signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind("abc"), s1.rfind("abc"));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.rfind("abc", i), s1.rfind("abc", i));
+  }
+
+  void find_first_of_test()
+  {
+    std::cout << "find_first_of test..." << std::endl;
+
+    //  find_first_of - test two modified and two new signatures
+    std::string s1("Hello World!");
+    boost::string_view sv1(s1);
+    std::string s2("o");
+    boost::string_view sv2(s2);
+    const char* s2c = "Good Bye";
+    boost::string_view sv2c(s2c);
+    std::string s3;
+    boost::string_view sv3(s3);
+
+    //  smoke test
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv2), s1.find_first_of(s2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv2, 5), s1.find_first_of(s2, 5));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(s2c), s1.find_first_of(s2c));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(s2c, 0, 4), s1.find_first_of(s2c, 0, 4));
+
+    //  first signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find_first_of(sv3), s3.find_first_of(s3));  // both strings empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv3), s1.find_first_of(s3));  // search string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find_first_of(sv2), s3.find_first_of(s2));  // searched string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv3, s1.size() + 2), s1.find_first_of(s3, s1.size() + 2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv3, s1.size() + 1), s1.find_first_of(s3, s1.size() + 1));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv3, s1.size()), s1.find_first_of(s3, s1.size()));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv3, s1.size() -  1), s1.find_first_of(s3, s1.size() -  1));
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv2), s1.find_first_of(s2));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_first_of(sv2, i) << " " << s1.find_first_of(s2, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv2, i), s1.find_first_of(s2, i));
+    }
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_first_of(sv3, i) << " " << s1.find_first_of(s3, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(sv3, i), s1.find_first_of(s3, i));
+    }
+
+    //  second signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_first_of('o', i) << " " << s1.find_first_of('o', i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of('o', i), s1.find_first_of('o', i));
+    }
+
+    //  third signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+      for (std::string::size_type j = 0; j <= std::strlen(s2c) + 1; ++j)
+      {
+        //std::cout << i << "," << j << ": " << sv1.find_first_of(s2c, i, j) << " " << s1.find_first_of(s2c, i, j) << std::endl;
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(s2c, i, j), s1.find_first_of(s2c, i, j));
+      }
+
+    //  fourth signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(s2c), s1.find_first_of(s2c));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_first_of(s2c, i) << " " << s1.find_first_of(s2c, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_of(s2c, i), s1.find_first_of(s2c, i));  
+    }
+  }
+
+  void find_last_of_test()
+  {
+    std::cout << "find_last_of test..." << std::endl;
+
+    //  find_last_of - test two modified and two new signatures
+    std::string s1("Hello World!");
+    boost::string_view sv1(s1);
+    std::string s2("o");
+    boost::string_view sv2(s2);
+    const char* s2c = "Good Bye";
+    boost::string_view sv2c(s2c);
+    std::string s3;
+    boost::string_view sv3(s3);
+
+    //  smoke test
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv2), s1.find_last_of(s2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv2, 5), s1.find_last_of(s2, 5));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(s2c), s1.find_last_of(s2c));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(s2c, 0, 4), s1.find_last_of(s2c, 0, 4));
+
+    //  first signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find_last_of(sv3), s3.find_last_of(s3));  // both strings empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv3), s1.find_last_of(s3));  // search string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find_last_of(sv2), s3.find_last_of(s2));  // searched string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv3, s1.size() + 2), s1.find_last_of(s3, s1.size() + 2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv3, s1.size() + 1), s1.find_last_of(s3, s1.size() + 1));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv3, s1.size()), s1.find_last_of(s3, s1.size()));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv3, s1.size() -  1), s1.find_last_of(s3, s1.size() -  1));
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv2), s1.find_last_of(s2));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_last_of(sv2, i) << " " << s1.find_last_of(s2, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv2, i), s1.find_last_of(s2, i));
+    }
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_last_of(sv3, i) << " " << s1.find_last_of(s3, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(sv3, i), s1.find_last_of(s3, i));
+    }
+
+    //  second signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_last_of('o', i) << " " << s1.find_last_of('o', i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of('o', i), s1.find_last_of('o', i));
+    }
+
+    //  third signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+      for (std::string::size_type j = 0; j <= std::strlen(s2c) + 1; ++j)
+      {
+        //std::cout << i << "," << j << ": " << sv1.find_last_of(s2c, i, j) << " " << s1.find_last_of(s2c, i, j) << std::endl;
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(s2c, i, j), s1.find_last_of(s2c, i, j));
+      }
+
+    //  fourth signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(s2c), s1.find_last_of(s2c));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_last_of(s2c, i) << " " << s1.find_last_of(s2c, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_of(s2c, i), s1.find_last_of(s2c, i));  
+    }
+  }
+
+  void find_first_not_of_test()
+  {
+    std::cout << "find_first_not_of test..." << std::endl;
+
+    //  find_first_not_of - test two modified and two new signatures
+    std::string s1("Hello World!");
+    boost::string_view sv1(s1);
+    std::string s2("o");
+    boost::string_view sv2(s2);
+    const char* s2c = "Good Bye";
+    boost::string_view sv2c(s2c);
+    std::string s3;
+    boost::string_view sv3(s3);
+
+    //  smoke test
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv2), s1.find_first_not_of(s2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv2, 5), s1.find_first_not_of(s2, 5));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(s2c), s1.find_first_not_of(s2c));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(s2c, 0, 4), s1.find_first_not_of(s2c, 0, 4));
+
+    //  first signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find_first_not_of(sv3), s3.find_first_not_of(s3));  // both strings empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv3), s1.find_first_not_of(s3));  // search string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find_first_not_of(sv2), s3.find_first_not_of(s2));  // searched string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv3, s1.size() + 2), s1.find_first_not_of(s3, s1.size() + 2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv3, s1.size() + 1), s1.find_first_not_of(s3, s1.size() + 1));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv3, s1.size()), s1.find_first_not_of(s3, s1.size()));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv3, s1.size() -  1), s1.find_first_not_of(s3, s1.size() -  1));
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv2), s1.find_first_not_of(s2));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_first_not_of(sv2, i) << " " << s1.find_first_not_of(s2, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv2, i), s1.find_first_not_of(s2, i));
+    }
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_first_not_of(sv3, i) << " " << s1.find_first_not_of(s3, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(sv3, i), s1.find_first_not_of(s3, i));
+    }
+
+    //  second signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_first_not_of('o', i) << " " << s1.find_first_not_of('o', i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of('o', i), s1.find_first_not_of('o', i));
+    }
+
+    //  third signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+      for (std::string::size_type j = 0; j <= std::strlen(s2c) + 1; ++j)
+      {
+        //std::cout << i << "," << j << ": " << sv1.find_first_not_of(s2c, i, j) << " " << s1.find_first_not_of(s2c, i, j) << std::endl;
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(s2c, i, j), s1.find_first_not_of(s2c, i, j));
+      }
+
+    //  fourth signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(s2c), s1.find_first_not_of(s2c));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_first_not_of(s2c, i) << " " << s1.find_first_not_of(s2c, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_first_not_of(s2c, i), s1.find_first_not_of(s2c, i));  
+    }
+  }
+
+  void find_last_not_of_test()
+  {
+    std::cout << "find_last_not_of test..." << std::endl;
+
+    //  find_last_not_of - test two modified and two new signatures
+    std::string s1("Hello World!");
+    boost::string_view sv1(s1);
+    std::string s2("o");
+    boost::string_view sv2(s2);
+    const char* s2c = "Good Bye";
+    boost::string_view sv2c(s2c);
+    std::string s3;
+    boost::string_view sv3(s3);
+
+    //  smoke test
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv2), s1.find_last_not_of(s2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv2, 5), s1.find_last_not_of(s2, 5));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(s2c), s1.find_last_not_of(s2c));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(s2c, 0, 4), s1.find_last_not_of(s2c, 0, 4));
+
+    //  first signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find_last_not_of(sv3), s3.find_last_not_of(s3));  // both strings empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv3), s1.find_last_not_of(s3));  // search string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv3.find_last_not_of(sv2), s3.find_last_not_of(s2));  // searched string empty
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv3, s1.size() + 2), s1.find_last_not_of(s3, s1.size() + 2));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv3, s1.size() + 1), s1.find_last_not_of(s3, s1.size() + 1));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv3, s1.size()), s1.find_last_not_of(s3, s1.size()));
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv3, s1.size() -  1), s1.find_last_not_of(s3, s1.size() -  1));
+
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv2), s1.find_last_not_of(s2));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_last_not_of(sv2, i) << " " << s1.find_last_not_of(s2, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv2, i), s1.find_last_not_of(s2, i));
+    }
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_last_not_of(sv3, i) << " " << s1.find_last_not_of(s3, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(sv3, i), s1.find_last_not_of(s3, i));
+    }
+
+    //  second signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_last_not_of('o', i) << " " << s1.find_last_not_of('o', i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of('o', i), s1.find_last_not_of('o', i));
+    }
+
+    //  third signature
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+      for (std::string::size_type j = 0; j <= std::strlen(s2c) + 1; ++j)
+      {
+        //std::cout << i << "," << j << ": " << sv1.find_last_not_of(s2c, i, j) << " " << s1.find_last_not_of(s2c, i, j) << std::endl;
+        BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(s2c, i, j), s1.find_last_not_of(s2c, i, j));
+      }
+
+    //  fourth signature
+    BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(s2c), s1.find_last_not_of(s2c));
+    for (std::string::size_type i = 0; i <= s1.size() + 1; ++i)
+    {
+      //std::cout << i << ": " << sv1.find_last_not_of(s2c, i) << " " << s1.find_last_not_of(s2c, i) << std::endl;
+      BOOST_TEST_EQ(sv1.find_last_not_of(s2c, i), s1.find_last_not_of(s2c, i));  
+    }
+  }
+
+}  // unnamed namespace
+
+int cpp_main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+  //  verify traits_type and const_pointer typedefs compile OK
+  BOOST_TEST(boost::string_view::traits_type::eq('x', 'x'));
+  BOOST_TEST_EQ(sizeof(boost::string_view::const_pointer), sizeof(&argc));
+
+  swap_test();
+  copy_test();
+  compare_test();
+  find_test();
+  rfind_test();
+  find_first_of_test();
+  find_last_of_test();
+  find_first_not_of_test();
+  find_last_not_of_test();
+
+  return boost::report_errors();
+}
--- a/test/string_view_test_io.cpp
+++ b/test/string_view_test_io.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+/*
+ *             Copyright Andrey Semashev 2013.
+ * Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+ *    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+ *          http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+ */
+/*!
+ * \file   string_view_test_io.cpp
+ * \author Andrey Semashev
+ * \date   26.05.2013
+ *
+ * \brief  This header contains tests for stream operations of \c basic_string_view.
+ */
+
+#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE string_view_test_io
+
+#include <boost/utility/string_view.hpp>
+
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/mpl/vector.hpp>
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+
+typedef boost::mpl::vector<
+    char
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_STD_WSTRING) && !defined(BOOST_NO_STD_WSTREAMBUF) && !defined(BOOST_NO_INTRINSIC_WCHAR_T)
+    , wchar_t
+#endif
+/* Current implementations seem to be missing codecvt facets to convert chars to char16_t and char32_t even though the types are available.
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_CHAR16_T)
+    , char16_t
+#endif
+#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_CHAR32_T)
+    , char32_t
+#endif
+*/
+>::type char_types;
+
+static const char* test_strings[] =
+{
+    "begin",
+    "abcd",
+    "end"
+};
+
+//! The context with test data for particular character type
+template< typename CharT >
+struct context
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+
+    string_type begin, abcd, end;
+
+    context()
+    {
+        boost::string_view str = test_strings[0];
+        std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), std::back_inserter(begin));
+
+        str = test_strings[1];
+        std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), std::back_inserter(abcd));
+
+        str = test_strings[2];
+        std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), std::back_inserter(end));
+    }
+};
+
+// Test regular output
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(string_view_output, CharT, char_types)
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    //typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+    typedef boost::basic_string_view< char_type > string_view_type;
+
+    context< char_type > ctx;
+
+    ostream_type strm;
+    strm << string_view_type(ctx.abcd);
+    BOOST_CHECK(strm.str() == ctx.abcd);
+}
+
+// Test support for padding
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(padding, CharT, char_types)
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    //typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+    typedef boost::basic_string_view< char_type > string_view_type;
+
+    context< char_type > ctx;
+
+    // Test for padding
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_view;
+        strm_view << ctx.begin << std::setw(8) << string_view_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::setw(8) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_view.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+
+    // Test for long padding
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_view;
+        strm_view << ctx.begin << std::setw(100) << string_view_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::setw(100) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_view.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+
+    // Test that short width does not truncate the string
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_view;
+        strm_view << ctx.begin << std::setw(1) << string_view_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::setw(1) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_view.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+}
+
+// Test support for padding fill
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(padding_fill, CharT, char_types)
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    //typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+    typedef boost::basic_string_view< char_type > string_view_type;
+
+    context< char_type > ctx;
+
+    ostream_type strm_view;
+    strm_view << ctx.begin << std::setfill(static_cast< char_type >('x')) << std::setw(8) << string_view_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+    ostream_type strm_correct;
+    strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::setfill(static_cast< char_type >('x')) << std::setw(8) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+    BOOST_CHECK(strm_view.str() == strm_correct.str());
+}
+
+// Test support for alignment
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(alignment, CharT, char_types)
+{
+    typedef CharT char_type;
+    //typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
+    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
+    typedef boost::basic_string_view< char_type > string_view_type;
+
+    context< char_type > ctx;
+
+    // Left alignment
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_view;
+        strm_view << ctx.begin << std::left << std::setw(8) << string_view_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::left << std::setw(8) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_view.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+
+    // Right alignment
+    {
+        ostream_type strm_view;
+        strm_view << ctx.begin << std::right << std::setw(8) << string_view_type(ctx.abcd) << ctx.end;
+
+        ostream_type strm_correct;
+        strm_correct << ctx.begin << std::right << std::setw(8) << ctx.abcd << ctx.end;
+
+        BOOST_CHECK(strm_view.str() == strm_correct.str());
+    }
+}
--- a/throw_exception.html
+++ b/throw_exception.html
@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
+<html>
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv=refresh content="0; URL=../exception/doc/throw_exception.html">
+<title>Automatic redirection</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+Automatic redirection failed, please go to
+<a href="../exception/doc/throw_exception.html">throw_exception.html</a>.&nbsp;<hr>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Beman Dawes, 2001</p>
+<p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying 
+file <a href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">LICENSE_1_0.txt</a> or copy 
+at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)</p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/utility.htm
+++ b/utility.htm
@ -0,0 +1,622 @@
+<html>
+	<head>
+		<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+		<title>Header boost/utility.hpp Documentation</title>
+	</head>
+	<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+		<h1><img src="../../boost.png" alt="boost.png (6897 bytes)" align="center" WIDTH="277" HEIGHT="86">Header
+			<a href="../../boost/utility.hpp">boost/utility.hpp</a></h1>
+		<p>The entire contents of the header <code><a href="../../boost/utility.hpp">&lt;boost/utility.hpp&gt;</a></code>
+			are in <code>namespace boost</code>.</p>
+		<h2>Contents</h2>
+		<ul>
+			<li>
+				Class templates supporting the <a href="doc/html/base_from_member.html">
+					base-from-member idiom</a></li>
+			<li>
+				Function templates <a href="../core/doc/html/core/checked_delete.html">checked_delete() and 
+					checked_array_delete()</a> (moved to the Boost.Core library)</li>
+			<li>
+				Function templates <a href="#functions_next_prior">next() and prior()</a></li>
+			<li>
+				Class <a href="../core/doc/html/core/noncopyable.html">noncopyable</a> (moved to the Boost.Core library)</li>
+			<li>
+				Function template <a href="../core/doc/html/core/addressof.html">addressof()</a> (moved to the Boost.Core library)</li>
+                        <li>Class template <a href="#result_of">result_of</a></li>
+                        <li>
+				Macro <a href="#BOOST_BINARY">BOOST_BINARY</a></li>
+                        <li><a href="index.html">Other utilities not part of <code>utility.hpp</code></a></li>
+		</ul>
+		<h2>
+			<a name="functions_next_prior">Function</a> templates next() and prior()</h2>
+		<p>Certain data types, such as the C++ Standard Library's forward and bidirectional 
+			iterators, do not provide addition and subtraction via operator+() or 
+			operator-().&nbsp; This means that non-modifying computation of the next or 
+			prior value requires a temporary, even though operator++() or operator--() is 
+			provided.&nbsp; It also means that writing code like <code>itr+1</code> inside 
+			a template restricts the iterator category to random access iterators.</p>
+		<p>The next() and prior() functions provide a simple way around these problems:</p>
+		<blockquote>
+			<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+T next(T x) { return ++x; }
+
+template &lt;class T, class Distance&gt;
+T next(T x, Distance n)
+{
+    std::advance(x, n);
+    return x;
+}
+
+template &lt;class T&gt;
+T prior(T x) { return --x; }
+
+template &lt;class T, class Distance&gt;
+T prior(T x, Distance n)
+{
+    std::advance(x, -n);
+    return x;
+}</pre>
+		</blockquote>
+		<p>Usage is simple:</p>
+		<blockquote>
+			<pre>const std::list&lt;T&gt;::iterator p = get_some_iterator();
+const std::list&lt;T&gt;::iterator prev = boost::prior(p);
+const std::list&lt;T&gt;::iterator next = boost::next(prev, 2);</pre>
+		</blockquote>
+                <p>The distance from the given iterator should be supplied as an absolute value. For
+			example, the iterator four iterators prior to the given iterator <code>p</code>
+			may be obtained by <code>prior(p, 4)</code>.</p>
+		<p>Contributed by <a href="http://www.boost.org/people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a>.  Two-argument versions by Daniel Walker.</p>
+
+                <h2><a name="result_of">Class template
+                result_of</a></h2> <p>The class template
+                <code>result_of</code> helps determine the type of a
+                call expression. For example, given an lvalue <code>f</code> of
+                type <code>F</code> and lvalues <code>t1</code>,
+                <code>t2</code>, ..., <code>t<em>N</em></code> of
+                types <code>T1</code>, <code>T2</code>, ...,
+                <code>T<em>N</em></code>, respectively, the type
+                <code>result_of&lt;F(T1, T2, ...,
+                T<em>N</em>)&gt;::type</code> defines the result type
+                of the expression <code>f(t1, t2,
+                ...,t<em>N</em>)</code>. This implementation permits
+                the type <code>F</code> to be a function pointer,
+                function reference, member function pointer, or class
+                type. By default, <em>N</em> may be any value between 0 and
+                16. To change the upper limit, define the macro
+                <code>BOOST_RESULT_OF_NUM_ARGS</code> to the maximum
+                value for <em>N</em>. Class template <code>result_of</code>
+                resides in the header <code>&lt;<a
+                href="../../boost/utility/result_of.hpp">boost/utility/result_of.hpp</a>&gt;</code>.</p>
+
+                <p>If your compiler's support for <code>decltype</code> is
+                adequate, <code>result_of</code> automatically uses it to
+                deduce the type of the call expression, in which case
+                <code>result_of&lt;F(T1, T2, ...,
+                T<em>N</em>)&gt;::type</code> names the type
+                <code>decltype(boost::declval&lt;F&gt;()(boost::declval&lt;T1&gt;(),
+                boost::declval&lt;T2&gt;(), ...,
+                boost::declval&lt;T<em>N</em>&gt;()))</code>, as in the
+                following example.</p>
+
+                <blockquote>
+                <pre>struct functor {
+    template&lt;class T&gt;
+    T operator()(T x)
+    {
+        return x;
+    }
+};
+
+typedef boost::result_of&lt;
+    functor(int)
+&gt;::type type; // type is int</pre>
+                </blockquote>
+
+                <p>You can test whether <code>result_of</code> is using
+                <code>decltype</code> by checking if the macro
+                <code>BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE</code> is defined after
+                including <code>result_of.hpp</code>. You can also force
+                <code>result_of</code> to use <code>decltype</code> by
+                defining <code>BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE</code> prior
+                to including <code>result_of.hpp</code>.</p>
+
+                <p>If <code>decltype</code> is not used,
+                then automatic result type deduction of function
+                objects is not possible. Instead, <code>result_of</code>
+                uses the following protocol to allow the programmer to
+                specify a type. When <code>F</code> is a class type with a
+                member type <code>result_type</code>,
+                <code>result_of&lt;F(T1, T2, ...,
+                T<em>N</em>)&gt;::type</code> is
+                <code>F::result_type</code>. When <code>F</code> does
+                not contain <code>result_type</code>,
+                <code>result_of&lt;F(T1, T2, ...,
+                T<em>N</em>)&gt;::type</code> is <code>F::result&lt;F(T1,
+                T2, ..., T<em>N</em>)&gt;::type</code> when
+                <code><em>N</em> &gt; 0</code> or <code>void</code>
+                when <code><em>N</em> = 0</code>. Note that it is the
+                responsibility of the programmer to ensure that
+                function objects accurately advertise their result
+                type via this protocol, as in the following
+                example.</p>
+
+                <blockquote>
+                <pre>struct functor {
+    template&lt;class&gt; struct result;
+
+    template&lt;class F, class T&gt;
+    struct result&lt;F(T)&gt; {
+        typedef T type;
+    };
+
+    template&lt;class T&gt;
+    T operator()(T x)
+    {
+        return x;
+    }
+};
+
+typedef boost::result_of&lt;
+    functor(int)
+&gt;::type type; // type is int</pre>
+                </blockquote>
+
+                <p>Since <code>decltype</code> is a new language
+                feature recently standardized in C++11,
+                if you are writing a function object
+                to be used with <code>result_of</code>, for
+                maximum portability, you might consider following
+                the above protocol even if your compiler has
+                proper <code>decltype</code> support. If you wish to continue to
+                use the protocol on compilers that
+                support <code>decltype</code>, there are two options:
+                You can use <code>boost::tr1_result_of</code>, which is also
+                defined in <code>&lt;<a href="../../boost/utility/result_of.hpp">boost/utility/result_of.hpp</a>&gt;</code>.
+                Alternatively, you can define the macro
+                <code>BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1</code>, which causes
+                <code>result_of</code> to use the protocol described
+                above instead of <code>decltype</code>. If you choose to
+                follow the protocol, take care to ensure that the
+                <code>result_type</code> and
+                <code>result&lt;&gt;</code> members accurately
+                represent the return type of
+                <code>operator()</code> given a call expression.</p>
+
+                <p>Additionally, <code>boost::result_of</code>
+                provides a third mode of operation, which some users
+                may find convenient. When
+                <code>BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1_WITH_DECLTYPE_FALLBACK</code>
+                is defined, <code>boost::result_of</code> behaves as
+                follows. If the function object has a member
+                type <code>result_type</code> or member
+                template <code>result&lt;&gt;</code>, then
+                <code>boost::result_of</code> will use the TR1
+                protocol. Otherwise,
+                <code>boost::result_of</code> will
+                use <code>decltype</code>. Using TR1 with
+                a <code>declytpe</code> fallback may workaround
+                certain problems at the cost of portability. For
+                example:
+                <ul>
+                    <li>Deficient compiler: If your code
+                    requires <code>boost::result_of</code> to work
+                    with incomplete return types but your
+                    compiler's <code>decltype</code> implementation
+                    does not support incomplete return types, then you
+                    can use the TR1 protocol as a workaround. Support
+                    for incomplete return types was added late in the
+                    C++11 standardization process
+                    (see <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2011/n3276.pdf">N3276</a>)
+                    and is not implemented by some compilers.</li>
+
+                    <li>Deficient legacy code: If your existing TR1
+                    function object advertises a different type than
+                    the actual result type deduced
+                    by <code>decltype</code>, then using TR1 with a
+                    <code>decltype</code> fallback will allow you to
+                    work with both your existing TR1 function objects
+                    and new C++11 function object. This situation
+                    could occur if your legacy function objects
+                    misused the TR1 protocol. See the documentation on
+                    known <a href="#result_of_tr1_diff">differences</a>
+                    between <code>boost::result_of</code> and TR1.</li>
+                </ul>
+
+                <a name="BOOST_NO_RESULT_OF"></a>
+                <p>This implementation of <code>result_of</code>
+                requires class template partial specialization, the
+                ability to parse function types properly, and support
+                for SFINAE. If <code>result_of</code> is not supported
+                by your compiler, including the header 
+                <code>boost/utility/result_of.hpp</code> will
+                define the macro <code>BOOST_NO_RESULT_OF</code>.</p>
+
+                <p>For additional information
+                about <code>result_of</code>, see the C++ Library
+                Technical Report,
+                <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2005/n1836.pdf">N1836</a>,
+                or, for motivation and design rationale,
+                the <code>result_of</code> <a href="http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2003/n1454.html">proposal</a>.</p>
+
+                <a name="result_of_guidelines">
+                <h3>Usage guidelines for boost::result_of</h3>
+                </a>
+
+                <p>The following are general suggestions about when
+                and how to use <code>boost::result_of</code>.</p>
+
+                <ol>
+                <li> If you are targeting C++11 and are not concerned
+                about portability to non-compliant compilers or
+                previous versions of the standard, then use
+                <code>std::result_of</code>. If <code>std::result_of</code>
+                meets your needs, then there's no reason to stop using
+                it.</li>
+
+                <li> If you are targeting C++11 but may port your code
+                to legacy compilers at some time in the future, then
+                use <code>boost::result_of</code> with
+                <code>decltype</code>. When <code>decltype</code> is
+                used <code>boost::result_of</code>
+                and <code>std::result_of</code> are usually
+                interchangeable. See the documentation on
+                known <a href="#result_of_cxx11_diff">differences</a>
+                between boost::result_of and C++11 result_of.</li>
+
+                <li> If compiler portability is required,
+                use <code>boost::result_of</code> with the TR1 protocol.</li>
+                </ol>
+
+                <p>Regardless of how you
+                configure <code>boost::result_of</code>, it is
+                important to bear in mind that the return type of a
+                function may change depending on its arguments, and
+                additionally, the return type of a member function may
+                change depending on the cv-qualification of the
+                object. <code>boost::result_of</code> must be passed
+                the appropriately cv-qualified types in order to
+                deduce the corresponding return type. For example:
+
+                <blockquote>
+                <pre>struct functor {
+    int& operator()(int);
+    int const& operator()(int) const;
+
+    float& operator()(float&);
+    float const& operator()(float const&);
+};
+
+typedef boost::result_of&lt;
+    functor(int)
+&gt;::type type1; // type1 is int &
+
+typedef boost::result_of&lt;
+    const functor(int)
+&gt;::type type2; // type2 is int const &
+
+typedef boost::result_of&lt;
+    functor(float&)
+&gt;::type type3; // type3 is float &
+
+typedef boost::result_of&lt;
+    functor(float const&)
+&gt;::type type4; // type4 is float const &</pre>
+                </blockquote>
+
+                <a name="result_of_tr1_protocol_guidelines">
+                <h3>Usage guidelines for the TR1 result_of protocol</h3>
+                </a>
+
+                <p>On compliant C++11
+                compilers, <code>boost::result_of</code> can
+                use <code>decltype</code> to deduce the type of any
+                call expression, including calls to function
+                objects. However, on pre-C++11 compilers or on
+                compilers without adequate decltype support,
+                additional scaffolding is needed from function
+                objects as described above. The following are
+                suggestions about how to use the TR1 protocol.</p>
+
+                <ul>
+                    <li>When the return type does not depend on the
+                    argument types or the cv-qualification of the
+                    function object, simply
+                    define <code>result_type</code>. There is no need
+                    to use the <code>result</code> template unless the
+                    return type varies.</li>
+
+                    <li>Use the protocol specified type when defining
+                    function prototypes. This can help ensure the
+                    actual return type does not get out of sync with
+                    the protocol specification. For example:
+
+                   <blockquote>
+                   <pre>struct functor {
+    typedef int result_type;
+    result_type operator()(int);
+};</pre>
+                   </blockquote> </li>
+
+                   <li>Always specify the <code>result</code>
+                   specialization near the corresponding
+                   <code>operator()</code> overload. This can make it
+                   easier to keep the specializations in sync with the
+                   overloads. For example:
+
+                   <blockquote>
+                   <pre>struct functor {
+    template&lt;class&gt; struct result;
+
+    template&lt;class F&gt;
+    struct result&lt;F(int)&gt; {
+        typedef int& type;
+    };
+    result&lt;functor(int)&gt;::type operator()(int);
+
+    template&lt;class F&gt;
+    struct result&lt;const F(int)&gt; {
+        typedef int const& type;
+    };
+    result&lt;const functor(int)&gt;::type operator()(int) const;
+};</pre>
+                   </blockquote> </li>
+
+                   <li>Use type transformations to simplify
+                   the <code>result</code> template specialization. For
+                   example, the following uses
+                   <a href="../type_traits/doc/html/index.html">Boost.TypeTraits</a>
+                   to specialize the <code>result</code> template for
+                   a single <code>operator()</code> that can be called on
+                   both a const and non-const function object with
+                   either an lvalue or rvalue argument.
+
+                   <blockquote>
+                   <pre>struct functor {
+    template&lt;class&gt; struct result;
+
+    template&lt;class F, class T&gt;
+    struct result&lt;F(T)&gt; 
+        : boost::remove_cv&lt;
+              typename boost::remove_reference&lt;T&gt;::type
+          &gt;
+    {};
+
+    template&lt;class T&gt;
+    T operator()(T const&amp; x) const;
+};</pre>
+                   </blockquote></li>
+                </ul>
+
+                <a name="result_of_tr1_diff">
+                <h3>Known differences between boost::result_of and TR1 result_of</h3>
+                </a>
+
+                When using <code>decltype</code>, <code>boost::result_of</code>
+                ignores the TR1 protocol and instead deduces the
+                return type of function objects directly
+                via <code>decltype</code>. In most situations, users
+                will not notice a difference, so long as they use the
+                protocol correctly. The following are situations in
+                which the type deduced
+                by <code>boost::result_of</code> is known to differ depending on
+                whether <code>decltype</code> or the TR1 protocol is
+                used.
+
+                <ul>
+                <li> TR1 protocol misusage
+
+                     <p>When using the TR1
+                     protocol, <code>boost::result_of</code> cannot
+                     detect whether the actual type of a call to a
+                     function object is the same as the type specified
+                     by the protocol, which allows for the possibility
+                     of inadvertent mismatches between the specified
+                     type and the actual type. When
+                     using <code>decltype</code>, these subtle bugs
+                     may result in compilation errors. For example:</p>
+
+                     <blockquote>
+                     <pre>struct functor {
+   typedef short result_type;
+   int operator()(short);
+};
+
+#ifdef BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE
+
+BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+   boost::is_same&lt;boost::result_of&lt;functor(short)&gt;::type, int&gt;::value
+)); 
+
+#else
+
+BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+   boost::is_same&lt;boost::result_of&lt;functor(short)&gt;::type, short&gt;::value
+));
+
+#endif</pre>
+                   </blockquote>
+
+                  <p>Note that the user can
+                  force <code>boost::result_of</code> to use the TR1
+                  protocol even on platforms that
+                  support <code>decltype</code> by
+                  defining <code>BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_TR1</code>.</p></li>
+
+                  <li> Nullary function objects
+
+                       <p>When using the TR1 protocol, <code>boost::result_of</code>
+                       cannot always deduce the type of calls to
+                       nullary function objects, in which case the
+                       type defaults to void. When using <code>decltype</code>,
+                       <code>boost::result_of</code> always gives the actual type of the
+                       call expression. For example:</p>
+
+                       <blockquote>
+                       <pre>struct functor {
+   template&lt;class&gt; struct result {
+       typedef int type;
+   };
+   int operator()();
+};
+
+#ifdef BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE
+
+BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+   boost::is_same&lt;boost::result_of&lt;functor()&gt;::type, int&gt;::value
+));
+
+#else
+
+BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+   boost::is_same&lt;boost::result_of&lt;functor()&gt;::type, void&gt;::value
+));
+
+#endif</pre>
+                       </blockquote>
+
+                       <p>Note that there are some workarounds for the
+                       nullary function problem. So long as the return
+                       type does not vary,
+                       <code>result_type</code> can always be used to
+                       specify the return type regardless of arity. If the
+                       return type does vary, then the user can
+                       specialize <code>boost::result_of</code> itself for
+                       nullary calls.</p></li>
+
+                  <li> Non-class prvalues and cv-qualification
+
+                       <p>When using the TR1
+                       protocol, <code>boost::result_of</code> will
+                       report the cv-qualified type specified
+                       by <code>result_type</code> or
+                       the <code>result</code> template regardless of
+                       the actual cv-qualification of the call
+                       expression. When using
+                       <code>decltype</code>, <code>boost::result_of</code>
+                       will report the actual type of the call expression,
+                       which is not cv-qualified when the expression is a
+                       non-class prvalue. For example:</p>
+
+                       <blockquote>
+                       <pre>struct functor {
+   template&lt;class&gt; struct result;
+   template&lt;class F, class T&gt; struct result&lt;F(const T)&gt; {
+       typedef const T type;
+   };
+
+   const short operator()(const short);
+   int const & operator()(int const &);
+};
+
+// Non-prvalue call expressions work the same with or without decltype.
+
+BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+   boost::is_same&lt;
+       boost::result_of&lt;functor(int const &)&gt;::type,
+       int const &
+::value
+));
+
+// Non-class prvalue call expressions are not actually cv-qualified,
+// but only the decltype-based result_of reports this accurately.
+
+#ifdef BOOST_RESULT_OF_USE_DECLTYPE
+
+BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+   boost::is_same&lt;
+       boost::result_of&lt;functor(const short)&gt;::type,
+       short
+::value
+));
+
+#else
+
+BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+   boost::is_same&lt;
+       boost::result_of&lt;functor(const short)&gt;::type,
+       const short
+::value
+));
+
+#endif</pre>
+                       </blockquote></li>
+                </ul>
+
+                <a name="result_of_cxx11_diff">
+                <h3>Known differences between boost::result_of and C++11 result_of</h3>
+                </a>
+
+                <p>When using <code>decltype</code>, <code>boost::result_of</code>
+                implements most of the C++11 result_of
+                specification. One known exception is that
+                <code>boost::result_of</code> does not implement the
+                requirements regarding pointers to member data.</p>
+
+                <p>Created by Doug Gregor. Contributions from Daniel Walker, Eric Niebler, Michel Morin and others</p>
+
+		<h2><a name="BOOST_BINARY">Macro BOOST_BINARY</a></h2>
+
+		<p>The macro <code>BOOST_BINARY</code> is used for the
+                representation of binary literals. It takes as an argument
+                a binary number arranged as an arbitrary amount of 1s and 0s in
+                groupings of length 1 to 8, with groups separated
+                by spaces. The type of the literal yielded is determined by
+                the same rules as those of hex and octal
+                literals (<i>2.13.1p1</i>). By implementation, this macro
+                expands directly to an octal literal during preprocessing, so
+                there is no overhead at runtime and the result is useable in
+                any place that an octal literal would be.</p>
+
+		<p>In order to directly support binary literals with suffixes,
+                additional macros of the form BOOST_BINARY_XXX are also
+                provided, where XXX is a standard integer suffix in all capital
+                letters. In addition, LL and ULL suffixes may be used for representing
+                long long and unsigned long long types in compilers which provide
+                them as an extension.</p>
+
+
+                <p>The BOOST_BINARY family of macros resides in the header
+                <a
+                href="../../boost/utility/binary.hpp">&lt;boost/utility/binary.hpp&gt;</a>
+                which is automatically included by
+                <a
+                href="../../boost/utility.hpp">&lt;boost/utility.hpp&gt;</a>.
+
+		<p>Contributed by Matt Calabrese.</p><p>
+		</p><h3>Example</h3>
+		<blockquote>
+			<pre>
+void foo( int );
+
+void foo( unsigned long );
+
+void bar()
+{
+  int value1 = BOOST_BINARY( 100 111000 01 1 110 );
+
+  unsigned long value2 = BOOST_BINARY_UL( 100 001 ); // unsigned long
+
+  long long value3 = BOOST_BINARY_LL( 11 000 ); // long long if supported
+
+  assert(    BOOST_BINARY( 10010 )
+          &  BOOST_BINARY( 11000 )
+          == BOOST_BINARY( 10000 )
+        );
+
+  foo( BOOST_BINARY( 1010 ) ); // calls the first foo
+
+  foo( BOOST_BINARY_LU( 1010 ) ); // calls the second foo
+}
+</pre></blockquote>
+		<hr>
+		<p>Revised&nbsp; <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan
+-->04 September, 2008<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="39369"
+-->
+		</p>
+		<p>&copy; Copyright Beman Dawes 1999-2003.</p>
+<p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. See
+<a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a></p>
+
+	</body>
+</html>
--- a/value_init.htm
+++ b/value_init.htm
@ -0,0 +1,514 @@
+<html>
+<head>
+             
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+ content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+  <title>value_initialized</title>
+    
+</head>
+  <body vlink="#800080" link="#0000ff" text="#000000" bgcolor="#ffffff">
+                   
+<h2><img src="../../boost.png" width="276" height="86">
+         Header &lt;<a href="../../boost/utility/value_init.hpp">boost/utility/value_init.hpp</a>&gt;
+     </h2>
+                   
+<h2>Contents</h2>
+                   
+<dl>
+  <dt><a href="#rationale">Rationale</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></dt>
+  <dt><a href="#details">Details</a></dt>
+</dl>
+                   
+<ul>
+          <li><a href="#valueinit">value-initialization</a></li>
+          <li><a href="#valueinitsyn">value-initialization syntax</a></li>
+          <li><a href="#compiler_issues">compiler issues</a></li>
+                   
+</ul>
+                   
+<dl class="page-index">
+  <dt><a href="#types">Types and objects</a></dt>
+</dl>
+                   
+<ul>
+          <li><a href="#val_init"><code>template class value_initialized&lt;T&gt;</code></a></li>
+          <li><a href="#initialized"><code>template class initialized&lt;T&gt;</code></a></li>
+          <li><a href="#initialized_value"><code>initialized_value</code></a></li>
+                   
+</ul>
+              <a href="#acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a><br>
+     <br>
+         
+<hr>          
+<h2><a name="rationale"></a>Rationale</h2>
+                  
+<p>Constructing and initializing objects in a generic way is difficult in
+    C++. The problem is that there are several different rules that apply
+for    initialization. Depending on the type, the value of a newly constructed
+  object  can be zero-initialized (logically 0), default-constructed (using
+  the default constructor), or indeterminate. When writing generic code,
+this  problem must be addressed. The template <code>value_initialized</code> provides
+a solution   with consistent syntax for value   initialization of scalar,
+union and class   types.
+Moreover, <code>value_initialized</code> offers a workaround to various
+compiler issues regarding value-initialization.
+
+Furthermore, a <code>const</code> object, <code>initialized_value</code> is provided,
+to avoid repeating the type name when retrieving the value from a
+<code>value_initialized&lt;T&gt;</code> object.
+<br>
+  </p>
+        
+<h2><a name="intro"></a>Introduction</h2>
+     
+<p>
+There are various ways to initialize a variable, in C++. The following
+declarations all <em>may</em> have a local variable initialized to its default
+value:
+<pre>
+  T1 var1;
+  T2 var2 = 0;
+  T3 var3 = {};
+  T4 var4 = T4();
+</pre> 
+Unfortunately, whether or not any of those declarations correctly
+initialize the variable very much depends on its type. The first
+declaration is valid for any <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/DefaultConstructible.html">
+DefaultConstructible</a> type (by definition).
+However, it does not always do an initialization!
+It correctly initializes the variable when it's an instance of a
+class, and the author of the class has provided a proper default
+constructor. On the other hand, the value of <code>var1</code> is <em>indeterminate</em> when
+its type is an arithmetic type, like <code>int</code>, <code>float</code>, or <code>char</code>.
+An arithmetic variable
+is of course initialized properly by the second declaration, <code>T2
+var2 = 0</code>. But this initialization form usually won't work for a
+class type (unless the class was especially written to support being
+initialized that way). The third form,  <code>T3 var3 = {}</code>
+initializes an aggregate, typically a "C-style" <code>struct</code> or a "C-style" array.
+However, the syntax is not allowed for a class that has an explicitly declared
+constructor.  (But watch out for an upcoming C++ language change, 
+by Bjarne Stroustrup et al [<a href="#references">1</a>]!)
+The fourth form is the most generic form of them, as it
+can be used to initialize arithmetic types, class types, aggregates, pointers, and
+other types. The declaration,  <code>T4 var4 = T4()</code>, should be read
+as follows: First a temporary object is created, by <code>T4()</code>.
+This object is <a href="#valueinit">value-initialized</a>. Next the temporary
+object is copied to the named variable, <code>var4</code>. Afterwards, the temporary
+is destroyed. While the copying and the destruction are likely to
+be optimized away, C++ still requires the type <code>T4</code> to be
+<a href="CopyConstructible.html">CopyConstructible</a>.
+(So <code>T4</code> needs to be <em>both</em> DefaultConstructible <em>and</em> CopyConstructible.) 
+A class may not be CopyConstructible, for example because it may have a
+private and undefined copy constructor,
+or because it may be derived from <a href="utility.htm#Class_noncopyable">boost::noncopyable</a>.
+Scott Meyers [<a href="#references">2</a>] explains why a class would be defined like that.
+</p>
+<p>
+There is another, less obvious disadvantage to the fourth form, <code>T4 var4 = T4()</code>:
+It suffers from various  <a href="#compiler_issues">compiler issues</a>, causing
+a variable to be left uninitialized in some compiler specific cases.
+</p>
+<p>
+The template <a href="#val_init"><code>value_initialized</code></a>
+offers a generic way to initialize
+an object, like <code>T4 var4 = T4()</code>, but without requiring its type
+to be CopyConstructible. And it offers a workaround to those compiler issues
+regarding value-initialization as well! It allows getting an initialized
+variable of any type; it <em>only</em> requires the type to be DefaultConstructible.
+A properly <em>value-initialized</em> object of type <code>T</code> is
+constructed by the following declaration:
+<pre>
+  value_initialized&lt;T&gt; var;
+</pre>
+</p>
+<p>
+The template <a href="#initialized"><code>initialized</code></a>
+offers both value-initialization and direct-initialization.
+It is especially useful as a data member type, allowing the very same object
+to be either direct-initialized or value-initialized.
+</p>
+<p>
+The <code>const</code> object <a href="#initialized_value"><code>initialized_value</code></a>
+allows value-initializing a variable as follows:
+<pre>
+  T var = initialized_value ;
+</pre>
+This form of initialization is semantically equivalent to <code>T4 var4 = T4()</code>,
+but robust against the aforementioned compiler issues.
+
+</p>
+
+<h2><a name="details"></a>Details</h2>
+<p>The C++ standard [<a href="#references">3</a>] contains the definitions 
+    of <code>zero-initialization</code> and <code>default-initialization</code>.
+     Informally, zero-initialization means that the object is given the initial
+     value 0 (converted to the type) and default-initialization means that
+ POD   [<a href="#references">4</a>] types are zero-initialized, while non-POD class
+ types   are initialized with their corresponding default constructors. A
+<i>declaration</i>   can contain an <i>initializer</i>, which specifies the
+object's initial value.  The initializer can be just '()', which states that
+the object shall be value-initialized  (but see below). However, if a <i>declaration</i> 
+  has no <i>initializer</i>  and it is of a non-<code>const</code>, non-<code>static</code> 
+   POD type, the initial value is indeterminate: <cite>(see &sect;8.5, [dcl.init], for the
+   accurate definitions).</cite></p>
+                   
+<pre>int x ; // no initializer. x value is indeterminate.<br>std::string s ; // no initializer, s is default-constructed.<br><br>int y = int() ; <br>// y is initialized using copy-initialization<br>// but the temporary uses an empty set of parentheses as the initializer,<br>// so it is default-constructed.<br>// A default constructed POD type is zero-initialized,<br>// therefore, y == 0.<br><br>void foo ( std::string ) ;<br>foo ( std::string() ) ; <br>// the temporary string is default constructed <br>// as indicated by the initializer ()  </pre>
+                    
+<h3><a name="valueinit">value-initialization</a></h3>
+                   
+<p>The first <a
+ href="http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/cwg_defects.html">Technical 
+  Corrigendum for the C++ Standard</a> (TC1), whose draft   was released to
+  the public in November 2001, introduced <a
+ href="http://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/cwg_defects.html#178">Core 
+  Issue 178</a> (among   many other issues, of course).</p>
+                   
+<p> That issue introduced the new concept of <code>value-initialization</code>
+     (it also fixed the wording for zero-initialization). Informally, value-initialization 
+    is similar to default-initialization with the exception that in some cases
+    non-static data members and base class sub-objects are also value-initialized. 
+    The difference is that an object that is value-initialized won't have 
+(or    at least is less likely to have) indeterminate values for data members 
+ and   base class sub-objects; unlike the case of an object default constructed. 
+    (see Core Issue 178 for a normative description).</p>
+                   
+<p>In order to specify value-initialization of an object we need to use the
+     empty-set initializer: (). </p>
+                   
+<p>As before, a declaration with no intializer specifies default-initialization, 
+    and a declaration with a non-empty initializer specifies copy (=xxx) or
+  direct  (xxx) initialization. </p>
+                   
+<pre>template&lt;class T&gt; void eat(T);<br>int x ; // indeterminate initial value.<br>std::string s; // default-initialized.<br>eat ( int() ) ; // value-initialized<br>eat ( std::string() ) ; // value-initialized</pre>
+                    
+<h4><a name="valueinitsyn">value-initialization</a> syntax</h4>
+                   
+<p>Value initialization is specified using (). However, the empty set of
+parentheses is not permitted by the syntax of initializers because it is
+parsed as the declaration of a function taking no arguments: </p>
+                   
+<pre>int x() ; // declares function int(*)()</pre>
+                    
+<p>Thus, the empty () must be put in some other initialization context.</p>
+                   
+<p>One alternative is to use copy-initialization syntax:</p>
+                   
+<pre>int x = int() ;</pre>
+                    
+<p>This works perfectly fine for POD types. But for non-POD class types,
+copy-initialization searches for a suitable constructor, which could be,
+for instance, the copy-constructor (it also searches for a suitable conversion
+sequence but this doesn't apply in this context). For an arbitrary unknown
+type, using this syntax may not have the value-initialization effect intended
+because we don't know if a copy from a default constructed object is exactly
+the same as a default constructed object, and the compiler is allowed (in
+some cases), but never required to, optimize the copy away.</p>
+                   
+<p>One possible generic solution is to use value-initialization of a non static
+data member:</p>
+                   
+<pre>template&lt;class T&gt; <br>struct W <br>{<br>  // value-initialization of 'data' here.<br>  W() : data() {}<br>  T data ;<br>} ;<br>W&lt;int&gt; w ;<br>// w.data is value-initialized for any type. </pre>
+                    
+<p>This is the solution as it was supplied by earlier versions of the
+<code>value_initialized&lt;T&gt;</code> template
+     class. Unfortunately this approach suffered from various compiler issues.</p>
+		 
+<h4><a name="compiler_issues">compiler issues</a> </h4>
+
+Various compilers haven't yet fully implemented value-initialization.
+So when an object should be <em>value-initialized</em> (according to the C++ Standard),
+it <em>may</em> in practice still be left uninitialized, because of those
+compiler issues! It's hard to make a general statement on what those issues
+are like, because they depend on the compiler you are using, its version number,
+and the type of object you would like to have value-initialized.
+All compilers we have tested so far support value-initialization for arithmetic types properly.
+However, various compilers may leave some types of <em>aggregates</em> uninitialized, when they 
+should be value-initialized. Value-initialization of objects of a pointer-to-member type may also
+go wrong on various compilers. 
+</p>
+<p>
+At the moment of writing, May 2010, the following reported issues regarding 
+value-initialization are still there in current compiler releases:
+<ul>
+<li>
+<a href="https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/100744">
+Microsoft Visual Studio Feedback ID 100744, Value-initialization in new-expression</a>
+<br>Reported by Pavel Kuznetsov (MetaCommunications Engineering), 2005
+</li><li>
+<a href="http://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/484295">
+Microsoft Visual Studio Feedback ID 484295, VC++ does not value-initialize members of derived classes without user-declared constructor</a>
+<br>Reported by Sylvester Hesp, 2009
+</li><li>
+<a href="https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/499606">
+Microsoft Visual Studio Feedback ID 499606, Presence of copy constructor breaks member class initialization</a>
+<br>Reported by Alex Vakulenko, 2009
+</li><li>
+<a href="http://qc.embarcadero.com/wc/qcmain.aspx?d=83751">
+Embarcadero/C++Builder Report 83751, Value-initialization: arrays should have each element value-initialized</a>
+<br>Reported by Niels Dekker (LKEB), 2010
+</li><li>
+<a href="http://qc.embarcadero.com/wc/qcmain.aspx?d=83851">
+Embarcadero/C++Builder Report 83851, Value-initialized temporary triggers internal backend error C1798</a>
+<br>Reported by Niels Dekker, 2010
+</li><li>
+<a href="http://qc.embarcadero.com/wc/qcmain.aspx?d=84279">
+Embarcadero/C++Builder Report 84279, Internal compiler error (F1004), value-initializing member function pointer by "new T()"</a>
+<br>Reported by Niels Dekker, 2010
+</li><li>
+Sun CR 6947016, Sun 5.10 may fail to value-initialize an object of a non-POD aggregate.
+<br>Reported to Steve Clamage by Niels Dekker, 2010
+</li><li>
+IBM's XL V10.1 and V11.1 may fail to value-initialize a temporary of a non-POD aggregate.
+<br>Reported to Michael Wong by Niels Dekker, 2010
+</li><li>
+Intel support issue 589832, Attempt to value-initialize pointer-to-member triggers internal error
+on Intel 11.1.
+<br>Reported by John Maddock, 2010
+</li>
+</ul>
+Note that all known GCC issues regarding value-initialization are
+fixed with GCC version 4.4, including
+<a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=30111">GCC Bug 30111</a>.
+Clang also has completely implemented value-initialization, as far as we know,
+now that <a href="http://llvm.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=7139">Clang Bug 7139</a> is fixed. 
+</p><p>
+
+New versions of <code>value_initialized</code>
+(Boost release version 1.35 or higher)
+offer a workaround to these issues: <code>value_initialized</code> may now clear
+its internal data, prior to constructing the object that it contains. It will do
+so for those compilers that need to have such a workaround, based on the
+<a href="../config/doc/html/boost_config/boost_macro_reference.html#boost_config.boost_macro_reference.macros_that_describe_defects"
+>compiler defect macro</a> BOOST_NO_COMPLETE_VALUE_INITIALIZATION.
+</p>
+                   
+<h2><a name="types"></a>Types and objects</h2>
+                   
+<h2><a name="val_init"><code>template class value_initialized&lt;T&gt;</code></a></h2>
+                   
+<pre>namespace boost {<br><br>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>class value_initialized<br>{
+<br>  public :
+<br>    value_initialized() : x() {}
+<br>    operator T const &amp;() const { return x ; }
+<br>    operator T&amp;() { return x ; }
+<br>    T const &amp;data() const { return x ; }
+<br>    T&amp; data() { return x ; }
+<br>    void swap( value_initialized&amp; );
+<br>
+<br>  private :
+<br>    <i>unspecified</i> x ;
+<br>} ;
+<br>
+<br>template&lt;class T&gt;
+<br>T const&amp; get ( value_initialized&lt;T&gt; const&amp; x )
+<br>{
+<br>  return x.data() ;
+<br>}
+<br>
+<br>template&lt;class T&gt;
+<br>T&amp; get ( value_initialized&lt;T&gt;&amp; x )
+<br>{
+<br>  return x.data() ;
+<br>}
+<br>
+<br>template&lt;class T&gt;
+<br>void swap ( value_initialized&lt;T&gt;&amp; lhs, value_initialized&lt;T&gt;&amp; rhs )
+<br>{
+<br>  lhs.swap(rhs) ;
+<br>}
+<br>
+<br>} // namespace boost
+<br></pre>
+                    
+<p>An object of this template class is a <code>T</code>-wrapper convertible 
+    to <code>'T&amp;'</code> whose wrapped object (data member of type <code>T</code>) 
+    is <a href="#valueinit">value-initialized</a> upon default-initialization 
+    of this wrapper class: </p>
+                   
+<pre>int zero = 0 ;<br>value_initialized&lt;int&gt; x ;<br>assert ( x == zero ) ;<br><br>std::string def ;<br>value_initialized&lt; std::string &gt; y ;<br>assert ( y == def ) ;<br></pre>
+                    
+<p>The purpose of this wrapper is to provide a consistent syntax for value
+     initialization of scalar, union and class types (POD and non-POD) since
+   the  correct syntax for value initialization varies (see <a
+ href="#valueinitsyn">value-initialization syntax</a>)</p>
+                   
+<p>The wrapped object can be accessed either through the conversion operator
+     <code>T&amp;</code>, the member function <code>data()</code>, or the
+non-member    function <code>get()</code>:  </p>
+                   
+<pre>void watch(int);<br>value_initialized&lt;int&gt; x;
+<br><br>watch(x) ; // operator T&amp; used.<br>watch(x.data());<br>watch( get(x) ) // function get() used</pre>
+                    
+<p>Both <code>const</code> and non-<code>const</code> objects can be wrapped. 
+    Mutable objects can be modified directly from within the wrapper but constant
+    objects cannot:</p>
+
+<p>When <code>T</code> is a <em>Swappable</em> type, <code>value_initialized&lt;T&gt;</code>
+    is swappable as well, by calling its <code>swap</code> member function
+    as well as by calling <code>boost::swap</code>.</p>
+                   
+<pre>value_initialized&lt;int&gt; x ; <br>static_cast&lt;int&amp;&gt;(x) = 1 ; // OK<br>get(x) = 1 ; // OK
+<br><br>value_initialized&lt;int const&gt; y ; <br>static_cast&lt;int&amp;&gt;(y) = 1 ; // ERROR: cannot cast to int&amp;<br>static_cast&lt;int const&amp;&gt;(y) = 1 ; // ERROR: cannot modify a const value<br>get(y) = 1 ; // ERROR: cannot modify a const value</pre>
+                    
+<h3>Warning:</h3>
+                   
+<p>The <code>value_initialized</code> implementation of Boost version 1.40.0 and older
+allowed <i>non-const</i> access to the wrapped object, from a constant wrapper,
+both by its conversion operator and its <code>data()</code> member function. For example:</p>
+                   
+<pre>value_initialized&lt;int&gt; const x_c ;<br>int&amp; xr = x_c ; // OK, conversion to int&amp; available even though x_c is itself const.
+<br>xr = 2 ; </pre>
+                    
+<p>The reason for this obscure behavior was that some compilers 
+     didn't accept the following valid code:</p>
+                   
+<pre>struct X<br>{<br>  operator int&amp;() ;<br>  operator int const&amp;() const ;   <br>};<br>X x ;<br>(x == 1 ) ; // ERROR HERE!</pre>
+                    
+<p>The current version of <code>value_initialized</code> no longer has this obscure behavior.
+As compilers nowadays widely support overloading the conversion operator by having a <code>const</code> and a <code>non-const</code> version, we have decided to fix the issue accordingly. So the current version supports the idea of logical constness.
+<br>
+          </p>
+                   
+<h3>Recommended practice: The non-member get() idiom</h3>
+                   
+<p>The obscure behavior of being able to modify a non-<code>const</code>
+wrapped object from within a constant wrapper (as was supported by previous
+versions of <code>value_initialized</code>)
+can be avoided if access to
+the wrapped object is always performed with the <code>get()</code> idiom:</p>
+                   
+<pre>value_initialized&lt;int&gt; x ;<br>get(x) = 1 ; // OK<br><br>value_initialized&lt;int const&gt; cx ;<br>get(x) = 1 ; // ERROR: Cannot modify a const object<br><br>value_initialized&lt;int&gt; const x_c ;<br>get(x_c) = 1 ; // ERROR: Cannot modify a const object<br><br>value_initialized&lt;int const&gt; const cx_c ;<br>get(cx_c) = 1 ; // ERROR: Cannot modify a const object<br></pre>
+
+<h2><a name="initialized"><code>template class initialized&lt;T&gt;</code></a></h2>
+                   
+<pre>namespace boost {<br><br>template&lt;class T&gt;<br>class initialized<br>{
+<br>  public :
+<br>    initialized() : x() {}
+<br>    explicit initialized(T const &amp; arg) : x(arg) {}
+<br>    operator T const &amp;() const;
+<br>    operator T&amp;();
+<br>    T const &amp;data() const;
+<br>    T&amp; data();
+<br>    void swap( initialized&amp; );
+<br>
+<br>  private :
+<br>    <i>unspecified</i> x ;
+<br>} ;
+<br>
+<br>template&lt;class T&gt;
+<br>T const&amp; get ( initialized&lt;T&gt; const&amp; x );
+<br>
+<br>template&lt;class T&gt;
+<br>T&amp; get ( initialized&lt;T&gt;&amp; x );
+<br>
+<br>template&lt;class T&gt;
+<br>void swap ( initialized&lt;T&gt;&amp; lhs, initialized&lt;T&gt;&amp; rhs );
+<br>
+<br>} // namespace boost
+<br></pre>
+
+The template class <code>boost::initialized&lt;T&gt;</code> supports both value-initialization
+and direct-initialization, so its interface is a superset of the interface
+of <code>value_initialized&lt;T&gt;</code>: Its default-constructor 
+value-initializes the wrapped object just like the default-constructor of
+<code>value_initialized&lt;T&gt;</code>, but <code>boost::initialized&lt;T&gt;</code>
+also offers an extra <code>explicit</code>
+constructor, which direct-initializes the wrapped object by the specified value.
+<p>
+
+<code>initialized&lt;T&gt;</code> is especially useful when the wrapped
+object must be either value-initialized or direct-initialized, depending on
+runtime conditions. For example, <code>initialized&lt;T&gt;</code> could
+hold the value of a data member that may be value-initialized by some
+constructors, and direct-initialized by others.
+On the other hand, if it is known beforehand that the
+object must <i>always</i> be value-initialized, <code>value_initialized&lt;T&gt;</code>
+may be preferable. And if the object must always be
+direct-initialized, none of the two wrappers really needs to be used.
+</p>
+ 
+
+<h2><a name="initialized_value"><code>initialized_value</code></a></h2>
+
+<pre>
+namespace boost {
+class initialized_value_t
+{
+  public :
+    template &lt;class T&gt; operator T() const ;
+};
+
+initialized_value_t const initialized_value = {} ;
+
+} // namespace boost
+</pre>
+
+<code>initialized_value</code> provides a convenient way to get
+an initialized value: its conversion operator provides an appropriate
+<em>value-initialized</em> object for any CopyConstructible type.
+
+Suppose you need to have an initialized variable of type <code>T</code>.
+You could do it as follows:
+<pre>
+  T var = T();
+</pre>
+But as mentioned before, this form suffers from various compiler issues.
+The template <code>value_initialized</code> offers a workaround:
+<pre>
+  T var = get( value_initialized&lt;T&gt;() );
+</pre>
+Unfortunately both forms repeat the type name, which
+is rather short now (<code>T</code>), but could of course be 
+more like <code>Namespace::Template&lt;Arg&gt;::Type</code>.
+Instead, one could use <code>initialized_value</code> as follows:
+<pre>
+  T var = initialized_value ;
+</pre>
+                    
+<h3><a name="references">References</a></h3>
+          [1] Bjarne Stroustrup, Gabriel Dos Reis, and J. Stephen Adamczyk wrote
+          various papers, proposing to extend the support for brace-enclosed <em>initializer lists</em>
+          in the next version of C++.
+          This would allow a variable <code>var</code> of any DefaultConstructible type
+          <code>T</code> to be <em>value-initialized</em> by doing <code>T var = {}</code>.
+          The papers are listed at Bjarne's web page,
+          <a href="http://www.research.att.com/~bs/WG21.html">My C++ Standards committee papers</a>  <br> 
+          [2] Scott Meyers, Effective C++, Third Edition, item 6,
+          <em>Explicitly disallow the use of compiler-generated functions you do not want</em>, 
+          <a href="http://www.aristeia.com/books.html">Scott Meyers: Books and CDs</a>  <br>
+          [3] The C++ Standard, Second edition (2003), ISO/IEC 14882:2003 <br>
+          [4] POD stands for "Plain Old Data"
+
+<h3><a name="acknowledgements"></a>Acknowledgements</h3>
+     value_initialized was developed by Fernando Cacciola, with help and
+suggestions from David Abrahams and Darin Adler.<br>
+Special thanks to Bj&ouml;rn Karlsson who carefully edited and completed this documentation.
+                 
+<p>value_initialized was reimplemented by Fernando Cacciola and Niels Dekker
+for Boost release version 1.35 (2008), offering a workaround to various compiler issues.
+     </p>
+<p><code>boost::initialized</code> was very much inspired by feedback from Edward Diener and 
+  Jeffrey Hellrung.
+     </p>
+<p>initialized_value was written by Niels Dekker, and added to Boost release version 1.36 (2008).
+     </p>
+<p>Developed by <a href="mailto:fernando_cacciola@hotmail.com">Fernando Cacciola</a>,
+     the latest version of this file can be found at <a
+ href="http://www.boost.org">www.boost.org</a>.
+     </p>
+                    
+<hr>          
+<p>Revised 30 May 2010</p>
+                   
+<p>&copy; Copyright Fernando Cacciola, 2002 - 2010.</p>
+                   
+<p>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. See
+<a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a></p>
+
+ <br>
+ <br>
+    
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/value_init_test.cpp
+++ b/value_init_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+// Copyright 2002-2008, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// Test program for "boost/utility/value_init.hpp"
+//
+// 21 Ago 2002 (Created) Fernando Cacciola
+// 15 Jan 2008 (Added tests regarding compiler issues) Fernando Cacciola, Niels Dekker
+// 23 May 2008 (Added tests regarding initialized_value) Niels Dekker
+// 21 Ago 2008 (Added swap test) Niels Dekker
+
+#include <cstring>  // For memcmp.
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "boost/utility/value_init.hpp"
+#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+#pragma hdrstop
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/detail/lightweight_test.hpp>
+
+//
+// Sample POD type
+//
+struct POD
+{
+  POD () : f(0), c(0), i(0){}
+
+  POD ( char c_, int i_, float f_ ) : f(f_), c(c_), i(i_) {}
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, POD const& pod )
+    { return os << '(' << pod.c << ',' << pod.i << ',' << pod.f << ')' ; }
+
+  friend bool operator == ( POD const& lhs, POD const& rhs )
+    { return lhs.f == rhs.f && lhs.c == rhs.c && lhs.i == rhs.i ; }
+
+  float f;
+  char  c;
+  int   i;
+} ;
+
+//
+// Sample non POD type
+//
+struct NonPODBase
+{
+  virtual ~NonPODBase() {}
+} ;
+struct NonPOD : NonPODBase
+{
+  NonPOD () : id() {}
+  explicit NonPOD ( std::string const& id_) : id(id_) {}
+
+  friend std::ostream& operator << ( std::ostream& os, NonPOD const& npod )
+    { return os << '(' << npod.id << ')' ; }
+
+  friend bool operator == ( NonPOD const& lhs, NonPOD const& rhs )
+    { return lhs.id == rhs.id ; }
+
+  std::string id ;
+} ;
+
+//
+// Sample aggregate POD struct type
+// Some compilers do not correctly value-initialize such a struct, for example:
+// Borland C++ Report #51854, "Value-initialization: POD struct should be zero-initialized "
+// http://qc.codegear.com/wc/qcmain.aspx?d=51854
+//
+struct AggregatePODStruct
+{
+  float f;
+  char  c;
+  int   i;
+};
+
+bool operator == ( AggregatePODStruct const& lhs, AggregatePODStruct const& rhs )
+{ return lhs.f == rhs.f && lhs.c == rhs.c && lhs.i == rhs.i ; }
+
+//
+// An aggregate struct that contains an std::string and an int.
+// Pavel Kuznetsov (MetaCommunications Engineering) used a struct like
+// this to reproduce the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler bug, reported as
+// Feedback ID 100744, "Value-initialization in new-expression"
+// https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=100744
+//
+struct StringAndInt
+{
+  std::string s;
+  int i;
+};
+
+bool operator == ( StringAndInt const& lhs, StringAndInt const& rhs )
+{ return lhs.s == rhs.s && lhs.i == rhs.i ; }
+
+
+//
+// A struct that has an explicit (user defined) destructor.
+// Some compilers do not correctly value-initialize such a struct, for example:
+// Microsoft Visual C++, Feedback ID 100744, "Value-initialization in new-expression"
+// https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=100744
+//
+struct StructWithDestructor
+{
+  int i;
+  ~StructWithDestructor() {}
+};
+
+bool operator == ( StructWithDestructor const& lhs, StructWithDestructor const& rhs )
+{ return lhs.i == rhs.i ; }
+
+
+//
+// A struct that has a virtual function.
+// Some compilers do not correctly value-initialize such a struct either, for example:
+// Microsoft Visual C++, Feedback ID 100744, "Value-initialization in new-expression"
+// https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/ViewFeedback.aspx?FeedbackID=100744
+//
+struct StructWithVirtualFunction
+{
+  int i;
+  virtual void VirtualFunction(); 
+};
+
+void StructWithVirtualFunction::VirtualFunction()
+{
+}
+
+bool operator == ( StructWithVirtualFunction const& lhs, StructWithVirtualFunction const& rhs )
+{ return lhs.i == rhs.i ; }
+
+
+//
+// A struct that is derived from an aggregate POD struct.
+// Some compilers do not correctly value-initialize such a struct, for example:
+// GCC Bugzilla Bug 30111,  "Value-initialization of POD base class doesn't initialize members",
+// reported by Jonathan Wakely, http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=30111
+//
+struct DerivedFromAggregatePODStruct : AggregatePODStruct
+{
+  DerivedFromAggregatePODStruct() : AggregatePODStruct() {}
+};
+
+//
+// A struct that wraps an aggregate POD struct as data member.
+//
+struct AggregatePODStructWrapper
+{
+  AggregatePODStructWrapper() : dataMember() {}
+  AggregatePODStruct dataMember;
+};
+
+bool operator == ( AggregatePODStructWrapper const& lhs, AggregatePODStructWrapper const& rhs )
+{ return lhs.dataMember == rhs.dataMember ; }
+
+typedef unsigned char ArrayOfBytes[256];
+
+
+//
+// A struct that allows testing whether the appropriate copy functions are called.
+//
+struct CopyFunctionCallTester
+{
+  bool is_copy_constructed;
+  bool is_assignment_called;
+
+  CopyFunctionCallTester()
+  : is_copy_constructed(false), is_assignment_called(false) {}
+
+  CopyFunctionCallTester(const CopyFunctionCallTester & )
+  : is_copy_constructed(true), is_assignment_called(false) {}
+
+  CopyFunctionCallTester & operator=(const CopyFunctionCallTester & )
+  {
+    is_assignment_called = true ;
+    return *this ;
+  }
+};
+
+
+//
+// A struct that allows testing whether its customized swap function is called.
+//
+struct SwapFunctionCallTester
+{
+  bool is_custom_swap_called;
+  int data;
+
+  SwapFunctionCallTester()
+  : is_custom_swap_called(false), data(0) {}
+
+  SwapFunctionCallTester(const SwapFunctionCallTester & arg)
+  : is_custom_swap_called(false), data(arg.data) {}
+
+  void swap(SwapFunctionCallTester & arg)
+  {
+    std::swap(data, arg.data);
+    is_custom_swap_called = true;
+    arg.is_custom_swap_called = true;
+  }
+};
+
+void swap(SwapFunctionCallTester & lhs, SwapFunctionCallTester & rhs)
+{
+  lhs.swap(rhs);
+}
+
+
+
+template<class T>
+void check_initialized_value ( T const& y )
+{
+  T initializedValue = boost::initialized_value ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == initializedValue ) ;
+}
+
+#ifdef  __BORLANDC__
+#if __BORLANDC__ == 0x582
+void check_initialized_value( NonPOD const& )
+{
+  // The initialized_value check is skipped for Borland 5.82
+  // and this type (NonPOD), because the following statement
+  // won't compile on this particular compiler version:
+  //   NonPOD initializedValue = boost::initialized_value() ;
+  //
+  // This is caused by a compiler bug, that is fixed with a newer version
+  // of the Borland compiler.  The Release Notes for Delphi(R) 2007 for
+  // Win32(R) and C++Builder(R) 2007 (http://dn.codegear.com/article/36575)
+  // say about similar statements:
+  //   both of these statements now compile but under 5.82 got the error:
+  //   Error E2015: Ambiguity between 'V::V(const A &)' and 'V::V(const V &)'
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+//
+// This test function tests boost::value_initialized<T> for a specific type T.
+// The first argument (y) is assumed have the value of a value-initialized object.
+// Returns true on success.
+//
+template<class T>
+bool test ( T const& y, T const& z )
+{
+  const int errors_before_test = boost::detail::test_errors();
+
+  check_initialized_value(y);
+
+  boost::value_initialized<T> x ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == x ) ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == boost::get(x) ) ;
+
+  static_cast<T&>(x) = z ;
+  boost::get(x) = z ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( x == z ) ;
+
+  boost::value_initialized<T> const x_c ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == x_c ) ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == boost::get(x_c) ) ;
+  T& x_c_ref = const_cast<T&>( boost::get(x_c) ) ;
+  x_c_ref = z ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( x_c == z ) ;
+
+  boost::value_initialized<T> const copy1 = x;
+  BOOST_TEST ( boost::get(copy1) == boost::get(x) ) ;
+
+  boost::value_initialized<T> copy2;
+  copy2 = x;
+  BOOST_TEST ( boost::get(copy2) == boost::get(x) ) ;
+  
+  boost::shared_ptr<boost::value_initialized<T> > ptr( new boost::value_initialized<T> );
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == *ptr ) ;
+
+#if !BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_MSVC, < 1300)
+  boost::value_initialized<T const> cx ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == cx ) ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == boost::get(cx) ) ;
+
+  boost::value_initialized<T const> const cx_c ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == cx_c ) ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( y == boost::get(cx_c) ) ;
+#endif
+
+  return boost::detail::test_errors() == errors_before_test ;
+}
+
+int main(int, char **)
+{
+  BOOST_TEST ( test( 0,1234 ) ) ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( test( 0.0,12.34 ) ) ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( test( POD(0,0,0.0), POD('a',1234,56.78f) ) ) ;
+  BOOST_TEST ( test( NonPOD( std::string() ), NonPOD( std::string("something") ) ) ) ;
+
+  NonPOD NonPOD_object( std::string("NonPOD_object") );
+  BOOST_TEST ( test<NonPOD *>( 0, &NonPOD_object ) ) ;
+
+  AggregatePODStruct zeroInitializedAggregatePODStruct = { 0.0f, '\0', 0 };
+  AggregatePODStruct nonZeroInitializedAggregatePODStruct = { 1.25f, 'a', -1 };
+  BOOST_TEST ( test(zeroInitializedAggregatePODStruct, nonZeroInitializedAggregatePODStruct) );
+
+  StringAndInt stringAndInt0;
+  StringAndInt stringAndInt1;
+  stringAndInt0.i = 0;
+  stringAndInt1.i = 1;
+  stringAndInt1.s = std::string("1");
+  BOOST_TEST ( test(stringAndInt0, stringAndInt1) );
+
+  StructWithDestructor structWithDestructor0;
+  StructWithDestructor structWithDestructor1;
+  structWithDestructor0.i = 0;
+  structWithDestructor1.i = 1;
+  BOOST_TEST ( test(structWithDestructor0, structWithDestructor1) );
+
+  StructWithVirtualFunction structWithVirtualFunction0;
+  StructWithVirtualFunction structWithVirtualFunction1;
+  structWithVirtualFunction0.i = 0;
+  structWithVirtualFunction1.i = 1;
+  BOOST_TEST ( test(structWithVirtualFunction0, structWithVirtualFunction1) );
+
+  DerivedFromAggregatePODStruct derivedFromAggregatePODStruct0;
+  DerivedFromAggregatePODStruct derivedFromAggregatePODStruct1;
+  static_cast<AggregatePODStruct &>(derivedFromAggregatePODStruct0) = zeroInitializedAggregatePODStruct;
+  static_cast<AggregatePODStruct &>(derivedFromAggregatePODStruct1) = nonZeroInitializedAggregatePODStruct;
+  BOOST_TEST ( test(derivedFromAggregatePODStruct0, derivedFromAggregatePODStruct1) );
+
+  AggregatePODStructWrapper aggregatePODStructWrapper0;
+  AggregatePODStructWrapper aggregatePODStructWrapper1;
+  aggregatePODStructWrapper0.dataMember = zeroInitializedAggregatePODStruct;
+  aggregatePODStructWrapper1.dataMember = nonZeroInitializedAggregatePODStruct;
+  BOOST_TEST ( test(aggregatePODStructWrapper0, aggregatePODStructWrapper1) );
+
+  ArrayOfBytes zeroInitializedArrayOfBytes = { 0 };
+  boost::value_initialized<ArrayOfBytes> valueInitializedArrayOfBytes;
+  BOOST_TEST (std::memcmp(get(valueInitializedArrayOfBytes), zeroInitializedArrayOfBytes, sizeof(ArrayOfBytes)) == 0);
+
+  boost::value_initialized<ArrayOfBytes> valueInitializedArrayOfBytes2;
+  valueInitializedArrayOfBytes2 = valueInitializedArrayOfBytes;
+  BOOST_TEST (std::memcmp(get(valueInitializedArrayOfBytes), get(valueInitializedArrayOfBytes2), sizeof(ArrayOfBytes)) == 0);
+
+  boost::value_initialized<CopyFunctionCallTester> copyFunctionCallTester1;
+  BOOST_TEST ( ! get(copyFunctionCallTester1).is_copy_constructed);
+  BOOST_TEST ( ! get(copyFunctionCallTester1).is_assignment_called);
+
+  boost::value_initialized<CopyFunctionCallTester> copyFunctionCallTester2 = boost::value_initialized<CopyFunctionCallTester>(copyFunctionCallTester1);
+  BOOST_TEST ( get(copyFunctionCallTester2).is_copy_constructed);
+  BOOST_TEST ( ! get(copyFunctionCallTester2).is_assignment_called);
+
+  boost::value_initialized<CopyFunctionCallTester> copyFunctionCallTester3;
+  copyFunctionCallTester3 = boost::value_initialized<CopyFunctionCallTester>(copyFunctionCallTester1);
+  BOOST_TEST ( ! get(copyFunctionCallTester3).is_copy_constructed);
+  BOOST_TEST ( get(copyFunctionCallTester3).is_assignment_called);
+
+  boost::value_initialized<SwapFunctionCallTester> swapFunctionCallTester1;
+  boost::value_initialized<SwapFunctionCallTester> swapFunctionCallTester2;
+  get(swapFunctionCallTester1).data = 1;
+  get(swapFunctionCallTester2).data = 2;
+  boost::swap(swapFunctionCallTester1, swapFunctionCallTester2);
+  BOOST_TEST( get(swapFunctionCallTester1).data == 2 );
+  BOOST_TEST( get(swapFunctionCallTester2).data == 1 );
+  BOOST_TEST( get(swapFunctionCallTester1).is_custom_swap_called );
+  BOOST_TEST( get(swapFunctionCallTester2).is_custom_swap_called );
+
+  return boost::report_errors();
+}
+
+
--- a/value_init_test_fail1.cpp
+++ b/value_init_test_fail1.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2002, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// Test program for "boost/utility/value_init.hpp"
+//
+// Initial: 21 Agu 2002
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "boost/utility/value_init.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+#pragma hdrstop
+#endif
+
+#include "boost/test/minimal.hpp"
+
+int test_main(int, char **)
+{
+  boost::value_initialized<int> const x_c ;
+
+  get(x_c) = 1234 ; // this should produce an ERROR
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+unsigned int expected_failures = 0;
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/value_init_test_fail2.cpp
+++ b/value_init_test_fail2.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2002, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// Test program for "boost/utility/value_init.hpp"
+//
+// Initial: 21 Agu 2002
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "boost/utility/value_init.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+#pragma hdrstop
+#endif
+
+#include "boost/test/minimal.hpp"
+
+int test_main(int, char **)
+{
+  boost::value_initialized<int const> cx ;
+
+  get(cx) = 1234 ; // this should produce an ERROR
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+unsigned int expected_failures = 0;
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/value_init_test_fail3.cpp
+++ b/value_init_test_fail3.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2002, Fernando Luis Cacciola Carballal.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// Test program for "boost/utility/value_init.hpp"
+//
+// Initial: 21 Agu 2002
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "boost/utility/value_init.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __BORLANDC__
+#pragma hdrstop
+#endif
+
+#include "boost/test/minimal.hpp"
+
+int test_main(int, char **)
+{
+  boost::value_initialized<int const> const cx_c ;
+
+  get(cx_c) = 1234 ; // this should produce an ERROR
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+unsigned int expected_failures = 0;
+
+
+
+
+
--- a/value_init_workaround_test.cpp
+++ b/value_init_workaround_test.cpp
@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Copyright 2010, Niels Dekker.
+//
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
+// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+//
+// Test program for the boost::value_initialized<T> workaround.
+//
+// 17 June 2010 (Created) Niels Dekker
+
+// Switch the workaround off, before inluding "value_init.hpp".
+#define BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND 0
+#include <boost/utility/value_init.hpp>
+
+#include <iostream>  // For cout.
+#include <cstdlib>  // For EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE.
+
+namespace
+{
+  struct empty_struct
+  {
+  };
+
+  // A POD aggregate struct derived from an empty struct.
+  // Similar to struct Foo1 from Microsoft Visual C++ bug report 484295,
+  // "VC++ does not value-initialize members of derived classes without 
+  // user-declared constructor", reported in 2009 by Sylvester Hesp:
+  // https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/484295
+  struct derived_struct: empty_struct
+  {
+    int data;
+  };
+
+  bool is_value_initialized(const derived_struct& arg)
+  {
+    return arg.data == 0;
+  }
+
+
+  class virtual_destructor_holder
+  {
+  public:
+    int i;
+    virtual ~virtual_destructor_holder()
+    {
+    }
+  };
+
+  bool is_value_initialized(const virtual_destructor_holder& arg)
+  {
+    return arg.i == 0;
+  }
+
+  // Equivalent to the Stats class from GCC Bug 33916,
+  // "Default constructor fails to initialize array members", reported in 2007 by
+  // Michael Elizabeth Chastain: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33916
+  // and fixed for GCC 4.2.4.
+  class private_int_array_pair
+  {
+    friend bool is_value_initialized(const private_int_array_pair& arg);
+  private:
+    int first[12];
+    int second[12];
+  };
+
+  bool is_value_initialized(const private_int_array_pair& arg)
+  {
+    for ( unsigned i = 0; i < 12; ++i)
+    {
+      if ( (arg.first[i] != 0) || (arg.second[i] != 0) )
+      {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  bool is_value_initialized(const T(& arg)[2])
+  {
+    return
+      is_value_initialized(arg[0]) &&
+      is_value_initialized(arg[1]);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  bool is_value_initialized(const boost::value_initialized<T>& arg)
+  {
+    return is_value_initialized(arg.data());
+  }
+
+  // Returns zero when the specified object is value-initializated, and one otherwise.
+  // Prints a message to standard output if the value-initialization has failed.
+  template <class T>
+  unsigned failed_to_value_initialized(const T& object, const char *const object_name)
+  {
+    if ( is_value_initialized(object) )
+    {
+      return 0u;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      std::cout << "Note: Failed to value-initialize " << object_name << '.' << std::endl;
+      return 1u;
+    }
+  }
+
+// A macro that passed both the name and the value of the specified object to
+// the function above here.
+#define FAILED_TO_VALUE_INITIALIZE(value) failed_to_value_initialized(value, #value)
+
+  // Equivalent to the dirty_stack() function from GCC Bug 33916,
+  // "Default constructor fails to initialize array members", reported in 2007 by
+  // Michael Elizabeth Chastain: http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33916
+  void dirty_stack()
+  {
+    unsigned char array_on_stack[4096];
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(array_on_stack); ++i)
+    {
+      array_on_stack[i] = 0x11;
+    }
+  }
+
+}
+
+
+int main()
+{
+  dirty_stack();
+
+  // TODO More types may be added later.
+  const unsigned num_failures =
+    FAILED_TO_VALUE_INITIALIZE(boost::value_initialized<derived_struct>()) +
+    FAILED_TO_VALUE_INITIALIZE(boost::value_initialized<virtual_destructor_holder[2]>()) +
+	FAILED_TO_VALUE_INITIALIZE(boost::value_initialized<private_int_array_pair>());
+
+#ifdef BOOST_DETAIL_VALUE_INIT_WORKAROUND_SUGGESTED
+  // One or more failures are expected.
+  return num_failures > 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+#else
+  // No failures are expected.
+  return num_failures == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+#endif
+}
				`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
				`The existance of this file tells the regression reporting programs that the directory contains sub-directories which are libraries.`