Merge pull request #956 from david-cermak/fix/modem_ping_in_examples

[modem]: Bump -> v2.0

.github/workflows/asio__build-target-test.yml

@@ -81,18 +81,24 @@ jobs:
         with:
           name: examples_app_bin_${{ matrix.idf_target }}_${{ matrix.idf_ver }}_${{ matrix.example }}
           path: ${{ env.TEST_DIR }}/${{ matrix.example }}/build
-      - name: Install Python packages
-        env:
-          PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL: "https://www.piwheels.org/simple"
-        run: |
-            sudo apt-get install -y dnsutils
-      - name: Download Example Test to target ${{ matrix.config }}
-        run: |
-            python -m esptool --chip ${{ matrix.idf_target }} write_flash 0x0 ${{ env.TEST_DIR }}/${{ matrix.example }}/build/flash_image.bin
       - name: Run Example Test ${{ matrix.example }} on target
         working-directory: ${{ env.TEST_DIR }}/${{ matrix.example }}
         run: |
-            python -m pytest --log-cli-level DEBUG --junit-xml=./examples_results_${{ matrix.idf_target }}_${{ matrix.idf_ver }}_${{ matrix.config }}.xml --target=${{ matrix.idf_target }}
+          export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
+          export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
+          eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
+          eval "$(pyenv init -)"
+          if ! pyenv versions --bare | grep -q '^3\.12\.6$'; then
+            echo "Installing Python 3.12.6..."
+            pyenv install -s 3.12.6
+          fi
+          if ! pyenv virtualenvs --bare | grep -q '^myenv$'; then
+            echo "Creating pyenv virtualenv 'myenv'..."
+            pyenv virtualenv 3.12.6 myenv
+          fi
+          pyenv activate myenv
+          python --version
+          python -m pytest --log-cli-level DEBUG --junit-xml=./examples_results_${{ matrix.idf_target }}_${{ matrix.idf_ver }}_${{ matrix.config }}.xml --target=${{ matrix.idf_target }}
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         if: always()
         with:

.github/workflows/console_cmd_ifconfig__build.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.0", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3"]
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
         idf_target: ["esp32"]
         test: [ { app: ifconfig-basic, path: "components/console_cmd_ifconfig/examples"}]
         include:

.github/workflows/console_cmd_mqtt__build.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.0", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3"]
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
         idf_target: ["esp32"]
         test: [ { app: mqtt_ssl_auth_console, path: "components/console_cmd_mqtt/examples" }]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04

.github/workflows/console_cmd_ping__build.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.0", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3"]
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
         idf_target: ["esp32"]
         test: [ { app: ping-basic, path: "components/console_cmd_ping/examples" }]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04

.github/workflows/console_cmd_wifi__build.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.0", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3"]
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
         idf_target: ["esp32"]
         test: [ { app: wifi-basic, path: "components/console_cmd_wifi/examples" }]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04

.github/workflows/console_simple_init__build.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.0", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3"]
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
         idf_target: ["esp32"]
         test: [ { app: console_basic, path: "components/console_simple_init/examples" }]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04

.github/workflows/examples_build-host-test.yml

@@ -13,10 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build examples
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4"]
-        include:
-          - idf_ver: "latest"
-            warning: "Warning: The smallest app partition is nearly full"
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     container: espressif/idf:${{ matrix.idf_ver }}
     env:
@@ -27,7 +24,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Build with IDF-${{ matrix.idf_ver }}
         env:
-          EXPECTED_WARNING: ${{ matrix.warning }}
+          EXPECTED_WARNING: "Warning: The smallest app partition is nearly full"
         shell: bash
         run: |
           . ${IDF_PATH}/export.sh
@@ -75,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: build_all_examples
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["release-v5.4", "latest"]
+        idf_ver: ["release-v5.5", "latest"]
     runs-on:
       - self-hosted
       - modem

.github/workflows/lws_build.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Libwebsockets build
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4"]
+        idf_ver: ["release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5"]
         test: [ { app: example, path: "examples/client" }]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     container: espressif/idf:${{ matrix.idf_ver }}
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4"]
+        idf_ver: ["release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5"]
         idf_target: ["esp32"]
         test: [ { app: example, path: "examples/client" }]
     runs-on:
@@ -65,14 +65,24 @@ jobs:
         with:
           name: lws_target_esp32_${{ matrix.idf_ver }}_${{ matrix.test.app }}
           path: ${{ env.TEST_DIR }}/ci/
-      - name: Install Python packages
-        env:
-          PIP_EXTRA_INDEX_URL: "https://www.piwheels.org/simple"
-        run: |
-          pip install --only-binary cryptography --extra-index-url https://dl.espressif.com/pypi/ -r $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/ci/requirements.txt
       - name: Run Example Test on target
         working-directory: ${{ env.TEST_DIR }}
         run: |
+          export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
+          export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
+          eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
+          eval "$(pyenv init -)"
+          if ! pyenv versions --bare | grep -q '^3\.12\.6$'; then
+            echo "Installing Python 3.12.6..."
+            pyenv install -s 3.12.6
+          fi
+          if ! pyenv virtualenvs --bare | grep -q '^myenv$'; then
+            echo "Creating pyenv virtualenv 'myenv'..."
+            pyenv virtualenv 3.12.6 myenv
+          fi
+          pyenv activate myenv
+          python --version
+          pip install --only-binary cryptography --extra-index-url https://dl.espressif.com/pypi/ -r $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/ci/requirements.txt
           unzip ci/artifacts.zip -d ci
           for dir in `ls -d ci/build_*`; do
           rm -rf build sdkconfig.defaults

.github/workflows/modem__build-host-tests.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build examples
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.0", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4"]
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
         example: ["pppos_client", "modem_console", "modem_tcp_client", "ap_to_pppos", "simple_cmux_client"]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
     container: espressif/idf:${{ matrix.idf_ver }}
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build tests
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["release-v5.0", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "latest"]
+        idf_ver: ["latest","release-v5.0", "release-v5.1", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
         test: ["target", "target_ota", "target_iperf", "target_urc"]
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04

.github/workflows/modem__target-test.yml

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build Target tests
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest"]
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
         idf_target: ["esp32c3"]
         test: [ { app: pppd, path: test/target }, { app: pppd_chap_auth, path: test/target }, { app: sim800_c3, path: examples/pppos_client }, { app: sim800_cmux, path: examples/simple_cmux_client } ]
         include:
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Run Target tests
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest"]
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0"]
         idf_target: ["esp32c3"]
         test: [ { app: pppd, path: test/target }, { app: pppd_chap_auth, path: test/target }, { app: sim800_c3, path: examples/pppos_client }, { app: sim800_cmux, path: examples/simple_cmux_client } ]
         include:

.github/workflows/mosq__build.yml

@@ -13,13 +13,15 @@ jobs:
     name: Mosquitto build
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.5", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.1"]
-        example: ["broker", "serverless_mqtt"]
-        exclude:
-          # serverless_mqtt is not supported on v5.1 and master (esp-peer dependency)
-          - idf_ver: "release-v5.1"
+        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v6.0", "release-v5.5", "release-v5.4", "release-v5.3", "release-v5.2", "release-v5.1"]
+        example: ["broker"]
+        include:
+          # serverless_mqtt is not supported on >=v6.0 (esp-peer dependency)
+          - idf_ver: "release-v5.3"
             example: "serverless_mqtt"
-          - idf_ver: "latest"
+          - idf_ver: "release-v5.4"
+            example: "serverless_mqtt"
+          - idf_ver: "release-v5.5"
             example: "serverless_mqtt"
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: build_mosq
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest", "release-v5.3"]
+        idf_ver: ["release-v5.4", "release-v5.5", "release-v6.0", "latest"]
     runs-on:
       - self-hosted
       - ESP32-ETHERNET-KIT
@@ -77,6 +79,20 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run Test
         working-directory: ${{ env.TEST_DIR }}
         run: |
+          export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
+          export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
+          eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
+          eval "$(pyenv init -)"
+          if ! pyenv versions --bare | grep -q '^3\.12\.6$'; then
+            echo "Installing Python 3.12.6..."
+            pyenv install -s 3.12.6
+          fi
+          if ! pyenv virtualenvs --bare | grep -q '^myenv$'; then
+            echo "Creating pyenv virtualenv 'myenv'..."
+            pyenv virtualenv 3.12.6 myenv
+          fi
+          pyenv activate myenv
+          python --version
           python -m pip install pytest-embedded-serial-esp pytest-embedded-idf pytest-rerunfailures pytest-timeout pytest-ignore-test-results
           unzip ci/artifacts.zip -d ci
           for dir in `ls -d ci/build_*`; do
@@ -120,7 +136,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Build IDF tests
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest"]
+        idf_ver: ["release-v5.5"]   # TODO: add release-v6.0/latest with esp-mqtt directly
         idf_target: ["esp32"]
         test: [ { app: publish, path: "tools/test_apps/protocols/mqtt/publish_connect_test" }]
     runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
@@ -165,7 +181,7 @@ jobs:
     needs: build_idf_tests_with_mosq
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        idf_ver: ["latest"]
+        idf_ver: ["release-v5.5"]
     runs-on:
       - self-hosted
       - ESP32-ETHERNET-KIT
@@ -180,6 +196,20 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run Test
         working-directory: ${{ env.TEST_DIR }}
         run: |
+          export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
+          export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
+          eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
+          eval "$(pyenv init -)"
+          if ! pyenv versions --bare | grep -q '^3\.12\.6$'; then
+            echo "Installing Python 3.12.6..."
+            pyenv install -s 3.12.6
+          fi
+          if ! pyenv virtualenvs --bare | grep -q '^myenv$'; then
+            echo "Creating pyenv virtualenv 'myenv'..."
+            pyenv virtualenv 3.12.6 myenv
+          fi
+          pyenv activate myenv
+          python --version
           python -m pip install pytest-embedded-serial-esp pytest-embedded-idf pytest-rerunfailures pytest-timeout pytest-ignore-test-results "paho-mqtt<2"  --upgrade
           unzip ci/artifacts.zip -d ci
           for dir in `ls -d ci/build_*`; do

.github/workflows/sockutls_build.yml

@@ -87,6 +87,20 @@ jobs:
       - name: Run Test
         working-directory: ${{ env.TEST_DIR }}
         run: |
+          export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
+          export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
+          eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
+          eval "$(pyenv init -)"
+          if ! pyenv versions --bare | grep -q '^3\.12\.6$'; then
+            echo "Installing Python 3.12.6..."
+            pyenv install -s 3.12.6
+          fi
+          if ! pyenv virtualenvs --bare | grep -q '^myenv$'; then
+            echo "Creating pyenv virtualenv 'myenv'..."
+            pyenv virtualenv 3.12.6 myenv
+          fi
+          pyenv activate myenv
+          python --version
           unzip ci/artifacts.zip -d ci
           for dir in `ls -d ci/build_*`; do
           rm -rf build sdkconfig.defaults

ci/ignore_build_warnings.txt

@@ -5,3 +5,4 @@ Warning: Deprecated: Option '--flash_freq' is deprecated. Use '--flash-freq' ins
 Warning: Deprecated: Command 'sign_data' is deprecated. Use 'sign-data' instead.
 Warning: Deprecated: Command 'extract_public_key' is deprecated. Use 'extract-public-key' instead.
 warning: unknown kconfig symbol 'EXAMPLE_ETH_PHY_IP101'
+WARNING: The following Kconfig variables were used in "if" clauses, but not

components/console_cmd_ifconfig/idf_component.yml

@@ -9,4 +9,8 @@ dependencies:
     override_path: '../console_simple_init'
     public: true
   espressif/ethernet_init:
-    version: '>=0.0.7'
+    matches:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0
+    - if: idf_version <6.0
+      version: '==0.3.0'

components/console_cmd_mqtt/idf_component.yml

@@ -9,3 +9,7 @@ dependencies:
     version: '>=1.1.0'
     override_path: '../console_simple_init'
     public: true
+  espressif/mqtt:
+    rules:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0

components/eppp_link/examples/host/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -5,3 +5,7 @@ dependencies:
     override_path: ../../..
   console_cmd_ping:
     version: '*'
+  espressif/mqtt:
+    rules:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0

components/esp_modem/.cz.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ commitizen:
   bump_message: 'bump(modem): $current_version -> $new_version'
   pre_bump_hooks: python ../../ci/changelog.py esp_modem
   tag_format: modem-v$version
-  version: 1.4.0
+  version: 2.0.0
   version_files:
   - idf_component.yml

components/esp_modem/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,41 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## [2.0.0](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commits/modem-v2.0.0)
+
+### Breaking changes
+
+- inc headers for AT command definitions are no longer used directly, but pregenerated into *.h(pp) ([Use generated AT command definitions for IDE navigation](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/e2fa1110))
+
+### Features
+
+- Add support for multiple connection in AT based example ([2826287d](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/2826287d))
+- Add enhanced URC observer API ([4889dd6f](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/4889dd6f))
+- Support esp-modem use without PPP ([858f8570](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/858f8570), [#851](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/issues/851))
+- Modem simulator based on esp-at ([e5787e3d](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/e5787e3d))
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+- Update tests and examples to use modem-v2.0 ([4aa0e4ba](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/4aa0e4ba))
+- Replace MQTT client with simple ping command ([0ccaf2c0](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/0ccaf2c0))
+- Replace MQTT client with simple ping command ([9b2b1f68](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/9b2b1f68))
+- Update example to use optional mqtt deps ([3141d6ca](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/3141d6ca))
+- Minor fixed in the test code ([e772ce67](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/e772ce67))
+- Add missing set_echo() C wrapper ([d1e67080](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/d1e67080), [#926](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/issues/926))
+- Fix modem console dependencies ([453be4cd](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/453be4cd))
+- Address build issues ([018ba58e](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/018ba58e))
+- Fix driver dependency issue on v6.0 ([67c682d9](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/67c682d9))
+- Fix CI build issues with IDFv6.0 ([15140e04](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/15140e04))
+- Add support for ESP-AT based tcp-client example ([14d3cb6b](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/14d3cb6b))
+- Use idf-build-apps for building target tests ([e9d9b3a8](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/e9d9b3a8))
+- Make MQTT public broker endpoint configurable ([6d541194](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/6d541194))
+- Fix URC handling in DTE data callback ([93029946](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/93029946))
+- Use another public broker for examples and tests ([fac2edbe](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/fac2edbe))
+- Fix incompatible iterator in std::search() in new gcc ([ed0f6334](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/ed0f6334))
+- Fix autodetect to support ACFC mode in PPP frames ([8b328a69](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/8b328a69), [#801](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/issues/801))
+- Fix get_network_registration_state() to accept two params ([5f54d907](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/5f54d907), [#826](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/issues/826))
+- Consume buffer after handled URC ([6eceb28f](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/6eceb28f))
+- Use generated AT command definitions for IDE navigation ([e2fa1110](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commit/e2fa1110), !BREAKING)
+
 ## [1.4.0](https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/commits/modem-v1.4.0)
 
 ### Features

components/esp_modem/examples/ap_to_pppos/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 dependencies:
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.0.1"
+    version: "^2"
     override_path: "../../../"

components/esp_modem/examples/linux_modem/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 dependencies:
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.0.1"
+    version: "^2"
     override_path: "../../../"

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_console/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ dependencies:
   ## Required IDF version
   idf: ">=4.1.0"
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.0.0"
+    version: "^2"
     override_path: "../../../"
   espressif/esp_modem_usb_dte:
     version: "^1.2.0"

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_psm/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 dependencies:
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.0.1"
+    version: "^2"
     override_path: "../../../"

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/README.md

@@ -22,3 +22,18 @@ To enable this mode, please set `EXAMPLE_CUSTOM_TCP_TRANSPORT=y`
 This configuration could be used with any network library, which is connecting to a localhost endpoint instead of remote one. This example creates a localhost listener which basically mimics the remote endpoint by forwarding the traffic between the library and the TCP/socket layer of the modem (which is already secure if the TLS is used in the network library)
 
 ![with localhost listener](at_client_localhost.png)
+
+### Multi-connection support
+
+This example supports opening multiple TCP connections concurrently when the modem firmware allows it.
+
+- ESP-AT: Multi-connection mode is enabled via `AT+CIPMUX=1`. The example assigns a unique link ID per DCE instance and includes the link ID in `CIPSTART/CIPSEND/CIPRECVDATA` commands.
+- BG96/SIM7600: The example uses module-specific multi-connection syntax (for example `QIOPEN/CIPOPEN` with a connection ID) and tracks link IDs internally.
+
+How it works:
+- The `sock_dce` layer creates multiple DCE instances over a shared DTE. A lightweight mutex coordinates access to the UART so only one DCE issues AT commands at a time.
+- Asynchronous URCs (for example `+IPD`, `+QIURC`, `+CIPRXGET: 1,<cid>`) wake the corresponding DCE which then performs receive operations for its link.
+
+Usage:
+- `app_main` starts two DCE tasks to demonstrate concurrent connections. Adjust the number of DCE instances as needed.
+- For ESP-AT, ensure your firmware supports `CIPMUX=1` and passive receive (`CIPRECVTYPE`).

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/Kconfig.projbuild

@@ -44,6 +44,18 @@ menu "Example Configuration"
         help
             Set APN (Access Point Name), a logical name to choose data network
 
+    config EXAMPLE_USE_TLS
+        bool "Use TLS for MQTT broker"
+        default n
+        help
+            Enable TLS for connection to the MQTT broker.
+
+    config EXAMPLE_BROKER_HOST
+        string "MQTT broker host"
+        default "test.mosquitto.org"
+        help
+            Hostname or IP address of the MQTT broker.
+
     menu "UART Configuration"
         config EXAMPLE_MODEM_UART_TX_PIN
             int "TXD Pin Number"

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/command/sock_dce.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <charconv>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include "esp_vfs.h"
@@ -14,6 +15,29 @@
 namespace sock_dce {
 
 constexpr auto const *TAG = "sock_dce";
+constexpr auto WAIT_TO_IDLE_TIMEOUT = 5000;
+
+// Definition of the static member variables
+std::vector<DCE *> DCE::dce_list{};
+bool DCE::network_init = false;
+int Responder::s_link_id = 0;
+SemaphoreHandle_t Responder::s_dte_mutex{};
+
+// Constructor - add this DCE instance to the static list
+DCE::DCE(std::shared_ptr<esp_modem::DTE> dte_arg, const esp_modem_dce_config *config)
+    : Module(std::move(dte_arg), config)
+{
+    dce_list.push_back(this);
+}
+
+// Destructor - remove this DCE instance from the static list
+DCE::~DCE()
+{
+    auto it = std::find(dce_list.begin(), dce_list.end(), this);
+    if (it != dce_list.end()) {
+        dce_list.erase(it);
+    }
+}
 
 
 bool DCE::perform_sock()
@@ -61,13 +85,26 @@ bool DCE::perform_sock()
 
 void DCE::perform_at(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
 {
-    ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEXDUMP(TAG, data, len, ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
+    if (state != status::RECEIVING) {
+        std::string_view resp_sv((char *)data, len);
+        at.check_urc(state, resp_sv);
+        if (state == status::IDLE) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    // Trace incoming AT bytes when handling a response; use DEBUG level
+    ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEXDUMP(TAG, data, len, ESP_LOG_DEBUG);
     switch (at.process_data(state, data, len)) {
     case Responder::ret::OK:
+        // Release DTE access for this link after processing data
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "GIVE data %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
         state = status::IDLE;
         signal.set(IDLE);
         return;
     case Responder::ret::FAIL:
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "GIVE data %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
         state = status::FAILED;
         signal.set(IDLE);
         return;
@@ -82,10 +119,14 @@ void DCE::perform_at(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
     std::string_view response((char *)data, len);
     switch (at.check_async_replies(state, response)) {
     case Responder::ret::OK:
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "GIVE command %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
         state = status::IDLE;
         signal.set(IDLE);
         return;
     case Responder::ret::FAIL:
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "GIVE command %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
         state = status::FAILED;
         signal.set(IDLE);
         return;
@@ -121,7 +162,7 @@ bool DCE::at_to_sock()
     uint64_t data;
     read(data_ready_fd, &data, sizeof(data));
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "select read: modem data available %" PRIu64, data);
-    if (!signal.wait(IDLE, 1000)) {
+    if (!signal.wait(IDLE, WAIT_TO_IDLE_TIMEOUT)) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to get idle");
         close_sock();
         return false;
@@ -131,6 +172,10 @@ bool DCE::at_to_sock()
         close_sock();
         return false;
     }
+    // Take DTE mutex before issuing receive on this link
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKE RECV %d", at.link_id);
+    xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKEN RECV %d", at.link_id);
     state = status::RECEIVING;
     at.start_receiving(at.get_buf_len());
     return true;
@@ -139,7 +184,7 @@ bool DCE::at_to_sock()
 bool DCE::sock_to_at()
 {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG,  "socket read: data available");
-    if (!signal.wait(IDLE, 1000)) {
+    if (!signal.wait(IDLE, WAIT_TO_IDLE_TIMEOUT)) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG,  "Failed to get idle");
         close_sock();
         return false;
@@ -149,6 +194,10 @@ bool DCE::sock_to_at()
         close_sock();
         return false;
     }
+    // Take DTE mutex before issuing send on this link
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKE SEND %d", at.link_id);
+    xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKEN SEND %d", at.link_id);
     state = status::SENDING;
     int len = ::recv(sock, at.get_buf(), at.get_buf_len(), 0);
     if (len < 0) {
@@ -201,7 +250,7 @@ void DCE::start_listening(int port)
     }
     int opt = 1;
     setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Socket created");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Socket created");
     struct sockaddr_in addr = { };
     addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
     addr.sin_port = htons(port);
@@ -213,7 +262,7 @@ void DCE::start_listening(int port)
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Socket unable to bind: errno %d", errno);
         return;
     }
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Socket bound, port %d", 1883);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Socket bound, port %d", 1883);
     err = listen(listen_sock, 1);
     if (err != 0) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error occurred during listen: errno %d", errno);
@@ -224,12 +273,12 @@ void DCE::start_listening(int port)
 
 bool DCE::connect(std::string host, int port)
 {
-    dte->on_read(nullptr);
-    tcp_close();
-    dte->on_read([this](uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-        this->perform_at(data, len);
-        return esp_modem::command_result::TIMEOUT;
-    });
+    data_ready_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_SUPPORT_ISR);
+    assert(data_ready_fd > 0);
+    // Take DTE mutex before starting connect for this link
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKE CONNECT %d", at.link_id);
+    xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKEN CONNECT %d", at.link_id);
     if (!at.start_connecting(host, port)) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to start connecting");
         dte->on_read(nullptr);
@@ -241,12 +290,15 @@ bool DCE::connect(std::string host, int port)
 
 bool DCE::init()
 {
+    if (network_init) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    network_init = true;
+    Responder::s_dte_mutex = xSemaphoreCreateBinary();
+    xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
     esp_vfs_eventfd_config_t config = ESP_VFS_EVENTD_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
     esp_vfs_eventfd_register(&config);
 
-    data_ready_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_SUPPORT_ISR);
-    assert(data_ready_fd > 0);
-
     dte->on_read(nullptr);
     const int retries = 5;
     int i = 0;
@@ -287,6 +339,10 @@ bool DCE::init()
         esp_modem::Task::Delay(5000);
     }
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Got IP %s", ip_addr.c_str());
+    dte->on_read([](uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+        read_callback(data, len);
+        return esp_modem::command_result::TIMEOUT;
+    });
     return true;
 }
 

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/command/sock_dce.hpp

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ public:
         sock(s), data_ready_fd(ready_fd), dte(dte_arg) {}
     ret process_data(status state, uint8_t *data, size_t len);
     ret check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &response);
+    ret check_urc(status state, std::string_view &response);
 
     void start_sending(size_t len);
     void start_receiving(size_t len);
@@ -63,13 +64,19 @@ public:
         return total_len;
     }
 
+    // Unique link identifier used to target multi-connection AT commands
+    int link_id{s_link_id++};
+    // Shared mutex guarding DTE access across concurrent DCE instances
+    static SemaphoreHandle_t s_dte_mutex;
 private:
+    static int s_link_id;
     static constexpr size_t buffer_size = 512;
 
     bool on_read(char *data, size_t len)
     {
 #ifndef CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CUSTOM_TCP_TRANSPORT
         ::send(sock, data, len, 0);
+        printf("sending %d\n", len);
 #else
         ::memcpy(&buffer[actual_read], data, len);
         actual_read += len;
@@ -101,6 +108,8 @@ private:
 class DCE : public Module {
     using Module::Module;
 public:
+    DCE(std::shared_ptr<esp_modem::DTE> dte_arg, const esp_modem_dce_config *config);
+    ~DCE();
 
     /**
      * @brief Opens network in AT command mode
@@ -163,6 +172,10 @@ public:
             return 0;
         }
         at.clear_offsets();
+        // Take DTE mutex before issuing receive on this link
+        ESP_LOGD("TAG", "TAKE RECV %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+        ESP_LOGD("TAG", "TAKEN RECV %d", at.link_id);
         state = status::RECEIVING;
         uint64_t data;
         read(data_ready_fd, &data, sizeof(data));
@@ -184,6 +197,10 @@ public:
         if (!wait_to_idle(timeout_ms)) {
             return -1;
         }
+        // Take DTE mutex before issuing send on this link
+        ESP_LOGD("TAG", "TAKE SEND %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+        ESP_LOGD("TAG", "TAKEN SEND %d", at.link_id);
         state = status::SENDING;
         memcpy(at.get_buf(), buffer, len_to_send);
         ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEXDUMP("dce", at.get_buf(), len, ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
@@ -224,6 +241,14 @@ public:
         }
         return -1;
     }
+    static std::vector<DCE *> dce_list;
+    static bool network_init;
+    static void read_callback(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
+    {
+        for (auto dce : dce_list) {
+            dce->perform_at(data, len);
+        }
+    }
 private:
     esp_modem::SignalGroup signal;
     void close_sock();

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/generate/sock_dce.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
 
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <charconv>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include "esp_vfs.h"
@@ -14,6 +15,29 @@
 namespace sock_dce {
 
 constexpr auto const *TAG = "sock_dce";
+constexpr auto WAIT_TO_IDLE_TIMEOUT = 5000;
+
+// Definition of the static member variables
+std::vector<DCE*> DCE::dce_list{};
+bool DCE::network_init = false;
+int Responder::s_link_id = 0;
+SemaphoreHandle_t Responder::s_dte_mutex{};
+
+// Constructor - add this DCE instance to the static list
+DCE::DCE(std::shared_ptr<esp_modem::DTE> dte_arg, const esp_modem_dce_config *config)
+    : Module(std::move(dte_arg), config)
+{
+    dce_list.push_back(this);
+}
+
+// Destructor - remove this DCE instance from the static list
+DCE::~DCE()
+{
+    auto it = std::find(dce_list.begin(), dce_list.end(), this);
+    if (it != dce_list.end()) {
+        dce_list.erase(it);
+    }
+}
 
 
 bool DCE::perform_sock()
@@ -61,13 +85,26 @@ bool DCE::perform_sock()
 
 void DCE::perform_at(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
 {
-    ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEXDUMP(TAG, data, len, ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
+    if (state != status::RECEIVING) {
+        std::string_view resp_sv((char *)data, len);
+        at.check_urc(state, resp_sv);
+        if (state == status::IDLE) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    // Trace incoming AT bytes when handling a response; use DEBUG level
+    ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEXDUMP(TAG, data, len, ESP_LOG_DEBUG);
     switch (at.process_data(state, data, len)) {
     case Responder::ret::OK:
+        // Release DTE access for this link after processing data
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "GIVE data %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
         state = status::IDLE;
         signal.set(IDLE);
         return;
     case Responder::ret::FAIL:
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "GIVE data %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
         state = status::FAILED;
         signal.set(IDLE);
         return;
@@ -82,10 +119,14 @@ void DCE::perform_at(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
     std::string_view response((char *)data, len);
     switch (at.check_async_replies(state, response)) {
     case Responder::ret::OK:
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "GIVE command %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
         state = status::IDLE;
         signal.set(IDLE);
         return;
     case Responder::ret::FAIL:
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "GIVE command %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
         state = status::FAILED;
         signal.set(IDLE);
         return;
@@ -121,7 +162,7 @@ bool DCE::at_to_sock()
     uint64_t data;
     read(data_ready_fd, &data, sizeof(data));
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "select read: modem data available %" PRIu64, data);
-    if (!signal.wait(IDLE, 1000)) {
+    if (!signal.wait(IDLE, WAIT_TO_IDLE_TIMEOUT)) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to get idle");
         close_sock();
         return false;
@@ -131,6 +172,10 @@ bool DCE::at_to_sock()
         close_sock();
         return false;
     }
+    // Take DTE mutex before issuing receive on this link
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKE RECV %d", at.link_id);
+    xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKEN RECV %d", at.link_id);
     state = status::RECEIVING;
     at.start_receiving(at.get_buf_len());
     return true;
@@ -139,7 +184,7 @@ bool DCE::at_to_sock()
 bool DCE::sock_to_at()
 {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG,  "socket read: data available");
-    if (!signal.wait(IDLE, 1000)) {
+    if (!signal.wait(IDLE, WAIT_TO_IDLE_TIMEOUT)) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG,  "Failed to get idle");
         close_sock();
         return false;
@@ -149,6 +194,10 @@ bool DCE::sock_to_at()
         close_sock();
         return false;
     }
+    // Take DTE mutex before issuing send on this link
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKE SEND %d", at.link_id);
+    xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKEN SEND %d", at.link_id);
     state = status::SENDING;
     int len = ::recv(sock, at.get_buf(), at.get_buf_len(), 0);
     if (len < 0) {
@@ -201,7 +250,7 @@ void DCE::start_listening(int port)
     }
     int opt = 1;
     setsockopt(listen_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Socket created");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Socket created");
     struct sockaddr_in addr = { };
     addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
     addr.sin_port = htons(port);
@@ -213,7 +262,7 @@ void DCE::start_listening(int port)
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Socket unable to bind: errno %d", errno);
         return;
     }
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Socket bound, port %d", 1883);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Socket bound, port %d", 1883);
     err = listen(listen_sock, 1);
     if (err != 0) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error occurred during listen: errno %d", errno);
@@ -224,12 +273,12 @@ void DCE::start_listening(int port)
 
 bool DCE::connect(std::string host, int port)
 {
-    dte->on_read(nullptr);
-    tcp_close();
-    dte->on_read([this](uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-        this->perform_at(data, len);
-        return esp_modem::command_result::TIMEOUT;
-    });
+    data_ready_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_SUPPORT_ISR);
+    assert(data_ready_fd > 0);
+    // Take DTE mutex before starting connect for this link
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKE CONNECT %d", at.link_id);
+    xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TAKEN CONNECT %d", at.link_id);
     if (!at.start_connecting(host, port)) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unable to start connecting");
         dte->on_read(nullptr);
@@ -241,12 +290,15 @@ bool DCE::connect(std::string host, int port)
 
 bool DCE::init()
 {
+    if (network_init) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    network_init = true;
+    Responder::s_dte_mutex = xSemaphoreCreateBinary();
+    xSemaphoreGive(at.s_dte_mutex);
     esp_vfs_eventfd_config_t config = ESP_VFS_EVENTD_CONFIG_DEFAULT();
     esp_vfs_eventfd_register(&config);
 
-    data_ready_fd = eventfd(0, EFD_SUPPORT_ISR);
-    assert(data_ready_fd > 0);
-
     dte->on_read(nullptr);
     const int retries = 5;
     int i = 0;
@@ -287,6 +339,10 @@ bool DCE::init()
         esp_modem::Task::Delay(5000);
     }
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Got IP %s", ip_addr.c_str());
+    dte->on_read([](uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+        read_callback(data, len);
+        return esp_modem::command_result::TIMEOUT;
+    });
     return true;
 }
 

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/generate/sock_dce.hpp

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ public:
         sock(s), data_ready_fd(ready_fd), dte(dte_arg) {}
     ret process_data(status state, uint8_t *data, size_t len);
     ret check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &response);
+    ret check_urc(status state, std::string_view &response);
 
     void start_sending(size_t len);
     void start_receiving(size_t len);
@@ -63,13 +64,19 @@ public:
         return total_len;
     }
 
+    // Unique link identifier used to target multi-connection AT commands
+    int link_id{s_link_id++};
+    // Shared mutex guarding DTE access across concurrent DCE instances
+    static SemaphoreHandle_t s_dte_mutex;
 private:
+    static int s_link_id;
     static constexpr size_t buffer_size = 512;
 
     bool on_read(char *data, size_t len)
     {
 #ifndef CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CUSTOM_TCP_TRANSPORT
         ::send(sock, data, len, 0);
+        printf("sending %d\n", len);
 #else
         ::memcpy(&buffer[actual_read], data, len);
         actual_read += len;
@@ -101,6 +108,8 @@ private:
 class DCE : public Module {
     using Module::Module;
 public:
+    DCE(std::shared_ptr<esp_modem::DTE> dte_arg, const esp_modem_dce_config *config);
+    ~DCE();
 
 //  --- ESP-MODEM command module starts here ---
 #include "esp_modem_command_declare_helper.inc"
@@ -141,6 +150,10 @@ esp_modem::return_type name(ESP_MODEM_COMMAND_PARAMS(__VA_ARGS__));
             return 0;
         }
         at.clear_offsets();
+        // Take DTE mutex before issuing receive on this link
+        ESP_LOGD("TAG", "TAKE RECV %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+        ESP_LOGD("TAG", "TAKEN RECV %d", at.link_id);
         state = status::RECEIVING;
         uint64_t data;
         read(data_ready_fd, &data, sizeof(data));
@@ -163,6 +176,10 @@ esp_modem::return_type name(ESP_MODEM_COMMAND_PARAMS(__VA_ARGS__));
         if (!wait_to_idle(timeout_ms)) {
             return -1;
         }
+        // Take DTE mutex before issuing send on this link
+        ESP_LOGD("TAG", "TAKE SEND %d", at.link_id);
+        xSemaphoreTake(at.s_dte_mutex, portMAX_DELAY);
+        ESP_LOGD("TAG", "TAKEN SEND %d", at.link_id);
         state = status::SENDING;
         memcpy(at.get_buf(), buffer, len_to_send);
         ESP_LOG_BUFFER_HEXDUMP("dce", at.get_buf(), len, ESP_LOG_VERBOSE);
@@ -204,6 +221,14 @@ esp_modem::return_type name(ESP_MODEM_COMMAND_PARAMS(__VA_ARGS__));
         }
         return -1;
     }
+    static std::vector<DCE*> dce_list;
+    static bool network_init;
+    static void read_callback(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
+    {
+        for (auto dce : dce_list) {
+            dce->perform_at(data, len);
+        }
+    }
 
 private:
     esp_modem::SignalGroup signal;

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
 dependencies:
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.0.1"
-    override_path: "../../../"
+    version: ^2
+    override_path: ../../../
   espressif/mbedtls_cxx:
-    version: "*"
-    override_path: "../../../../mbedtls_cxx"
+    version: '*'
+    override_path: ../../../../mbedtls_cxx
+  espressif/mqtt:
+    rules:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/modem_client.cpp

@@ -22,15 +22,26 @@
 #include "esp_log.h"
 #include "tcp_transport_mbedtls.h"
 #include "tcp_transport_at.h"
+#include "sdkconfig.h"
 
-#define BROKER_URL "test.mosquitto.org"
+#define USE_TLS CONFIG_EXAMPLE_USE_TLS
+#define BROKER_HOST CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_HOST
+#if USE_TLS
+#define BROKER_SCHEME "mqtts"
+#define BROKER_PORT 8883
+#else
+#define BROKER_SCHEME "mqtt"
 #define BROKER_PORT 1883
+#endif
+#define BROKER_URL BROKER_SCHEME "://" BROKER_HOST
 
 
 static const char *TAG = "modem_client";
 static EventGroupHandle_t event_group = NULL;
 static const int CONNECT_BIT = BIT0;
 static const int GOT_DATA_BIT = BIT2;
+static const int DCE0_DONE = BIT3;
+static const int DCE1_DONE = BIT4;
 
 static void mqtt_event_handler(void *handler_args, esp_event_base_t base, int32_t event_id, void *event_data)
 {
@@ -73,13 +84,15 @@ static void mqtt_event_handler(void *handler_args, esp_event_base_t base, int32_
     }
 }
 
+static void perform(void* ctx);
 
 extern "C" void app_main(void)
 {
-
     /* Init and register system/core components */
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
+    // Default to INFO; individual modules use DEBUG for verbose tracing
+    esp_log_level_set("*", ESP_LOG_INFO);
 
     event_group = xEventGroupCreate();
 
@@ -104,30 +117,60 @@ extern "C" void app_main(void)
     esp_modem_dce_config_t dce_config = ESP_MODEM_DCE_DEFAULT_CONFIG(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MODEM_APN);
 
     /* create the DCE and initialize network manually (using AT commands) */
-    auto dce = sock_dce::create(&dce_config, std::move(dte));
+    auto dce = sock_dce::create(&dce_config, dte);
     if (!dce->init()) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG,  "Failed to setup network");
         return;
     }
 
-    esp_mqtt_client_config_t mqtt_config = {};
-    mqtt_config.broker.address.port = BROKER_PORT;
-    mqtt_config.session.message_retransmit_timeout = 10000;
-#ifndef CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CUSTOM_TCP_TRANSPORT
-    mqtt_config.broker.address.uri = "mqtt://127.0.0.1";
-    dce->start_listening(BROKER_PORT);
-#else
-    mqtt_config.broker.address.uri = "mqtt://" BROKER_URL;
-    esp_transport_handle_t at = esp_transport_at_init(dce.get());
-    esp_transport_handle_t ssl = esp_transport_tls_init(at);
+    xTaskCreate(perform, "perform", 4096, dce.get(), 4, nullptr);
 
-    mqtt_config.network.transport = ssl;
+    /* create another DCE to serve a new connection */
+    auto dce1 = sock_dce::create(&dce_config, dte);
+    if (!dce1->init()) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG,  "Failed to setup network");
+        return;
+    }
+    xTaskCreate(perform, "perform", 4096, dce1.get(), 4, nullptr);
+
+    xEventGroupWaitBits(event_group, DCE0_DONE | DCE1_DONE, pdFALSE, pdTRUE, portMAX_DELAY);
+#ifdef CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CUSTOM_TCP_TRANSPORT
+    // this example does never keeps both DCEs running and in tcp-transport option
+    // we don't need a task to run so we exit main and keep DCE's "running"
+    vTaskDelay(portMAX_DELAY);
 #endif
+}
+
+static void perform(void* ctx)
+{
+    auto dce = static_cast<sock_dce::DCE*>(ctx);
+    char mqtt_client_id[] = "MQTT_CLIENT_0";
+    static int counter = 0;
+    const int id = counter++;
+    mqtt_client_id[sizeof(mqtt_client_id) - 2] += id;    // assumes a different client id per each thread
+    esp_mqtt_client_config_t mqtt_config = {};
+    mqtt_config.session.message_retransmit_timeout = 10000;
+    mqtt_config.credentials.client_id = mqtt_client_id;
+#ifndef CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CUSTOM_TCP_TRANSPORT
+    mqtt_config.broker.address.port = BROKER_PORT + id;
+    mqtt_config.broker.address.uri = BROKER_SCHEME "://127.0.0.1";
+    dce->start_listening(BROKER_PORT + id);
+#else
+    mqtt_config.broker.address.port = BROKER_PORT;
+    mqtt_config.broker.address.uri = BROKER_URL;
+    esp_transport_handle_t at = esp_transport_at_init(dce);
+#if USE_TLS
+    esp_transport_handle_t ssl = esp_transport_tls_init(at);
+    mqtt_config.network.transport = ssl;
+#else
+    mqtt_config.network.transport = at;
+#endif // USE_TLS
+#endif // CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CUSTOM_TCP_TRANSPORT
     esp_mqtt_client_handle_t mqtt_client = esp_mqtt_client_init(&mqtt_config);
     esp_mqtt_client_register_event(mqtt_client, static_cast<esp_mqtt_event_id_t>(ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID), mqtt_event_handler, nullptr);
     esp_mqtt_client_start(mqtt_client);
 #ifndef CONFIG_EXAMPLE_CUSTOM_TCP_TRANSPORT
-    if (!dce->connect(BROKER_URL, BROKER_PORT)) {
+    if (!dce->connect(BROKER_HOST, BROKER_PORT)) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to start DCE");
         return;
     }
@@ -135,18 +178,17 @@ extern "C" void app_main(void)
         while (dce->perform_sock()) {
             ESP_LOGV(TAG, "...performing");
         }
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Loop exit.. retrying");
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Loop exit.. retrying");
         // handle disconnections errors
         if (!dce->init()) {
             ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to reinit network");
             return;
         }
-        if (!dce->connect(BROKER_URL, BROKER_PORT)) {
+        if (!dce->connect(BROKER_HOST, BROKER_PORT)) {
             ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Network reinitialized, retrying");
         }
     }
-#else
-    vTaskDelay(portMAX_DELAY);
 #endif
-
+    xEventGroupSetBits(event_group, id ? DCE0_DONE : DCE1_DONE);
+    vTaskDelete(nullptr);
 }

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/sock_commands_bg96.cpp

@@ -109,17 +109,17 @@ void Responder::start_sending(size_t len)
 {
     data_to_send = len;
     send_stat = 0;
-    send_cmd("AT+QISEND=0," + std::to_string(len) + "\r");
+    send_cmd("AT+QISEND=" + std::to_string(link_id) + "," + std::to_string(len) + "\r");
 }
 
 void Responder::start_receiving(size_t len)
 {
-    send_cmd("AT+QIRD=0," + std::to_string(len) + "\r");
+    send_cmd("AT+QIRD=" + std::to_string(link_id) + "," + std::to_string(len) + "\r");
 }
 
 bool Responder::start_connecting(std::string host, int port)
 {
-    send_cmd(R"(AT+QIOPEN=1,0,"TCP",")" + host + "\"," + std::to_string(port) + "\r");
+    send_cmd(std::string("AT+QIOPEN=1,") + std::to_string(link_id) + R"(,"TCP",")" + host + "\"," + std::to_string(port) + "\r");
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -130,16 +130,24 @@ Responder::ret Responder::recv(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
     auto *recv_data = (char *)data;
     if (data_to_recv == 0) {
         const std::string_view head = "+QIRD: ";
+again:
         const std::string_view recv_data_view = std::string_view(recv_data, len);
         auto head_pos_found = recv_data_view.find(head);
         if (head_pos_found == std::string_view::npos) {
-            return ret::FAIL;
+            return ret::IN_PROGRESS;
         }
 
         auto *head_pos = recv_data + head_pos_found;
         auto next_nl = (char *)memchr(head_pos + head.size(), '\n', MIN_MESSAGE);
 
         if (next_nl == nullptr) {
+            if (head_pos + head.size() + 1 < recv_data + len) {
+                // might be that we misinterpreted the URC +QIRD: <>,<>,<> (notification) with the +QIRD: <> (read data)
+                // so we try to find the next +QIRD:
+                recv_data = head_pos + head.size() + 1;
+                goto again;
+            }
+            ESP_LOGD(TAG, "no new line found");
             return ret::FAIL;
         }
 
@@ -151,7 +159,9 @@ Responder::ret Responder::recv(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Received: actual len=%d", actual_len);
         if (actual_len == 0) {
             ESP_LOGD(TAG, "no data received");
-            return ret::FAIL;
+            data_to_recv = 0;
+            // return OK here, as BG96 would keep unacked data and notifies us with +QIRD: 0
+            return ret::OK;
         }
 
         if (actual_len > buffer_size) {
@@ -182,6 +192,7 @@ Responder::ret Responder::recv(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
         last_pos = (char *)memchr(recv_data + 1 + actual_len, 'O', MIN_MESSAGE);
         if (last_pos == nullptr || last_pos[1] != 'K') {
             data_to_recv = 0;
+            ESP_LOGD(TAG, "no OK after data");
             return ret::FAIL;
         }
     }
@@ -222,7 +233,7 @@ Responder::ret Responder::send(std::string_view response)
 {
     if (send_stat == 3) {
         if (response.find("SEND OK") != std::string::npos) {
-            send_cmd("AT+QISEND=0,0\r");
+            send_cmd(std::string("AT+QISEND=") + std::to_string(link_id) + ",0\r");
             send_stat++;
             return ret::IN_PROGRESS;
         } else if (response.find("SEND FAIL") != std::string::npos) {
@@ -267,7 +278,7 @@ Responder::ret Responder::send(std::string_view response)
             if (ack < total) {
                 ESP_LOGD(TAG, "all sending data are not ack (missing %d bytes acked)", (total - ack));
                 if (total - ack > 64) {
-                    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Need a pause: missing %d bytes acked", (total - ack));
+                    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Need a pause: missing %d bytes acked", (total - ack));
                     return ret::NEED_MORE_TIME;
                 }
             }
@@ -284,7 +295,8 @@ Responder::ret Responder::send(std::string_view response)
 
 Responder::ret Responder::connect(std::string_view response)
 {
-    if (response.find("+QIOPEN: 0,0") != std::string::npos) {
+    std::string open_response = "+QIOPEN: " + std::to_string(link_id) + ",0";
+    if (response.find(open_response) != std::string::npos) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connected!");
         return ret::OK;
     }
@@ -295,10 +307,9 @@ Responder::ret Responder::connect(std::string_view response)
     return Responder::ret::IN_PROGRESS;
 }
 
-Responder::ret Responder::check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &response)
+Responder::ret Responder::check_urc(status state, std::string_view &response)
 {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "response %.*s", static_cast<int>(response.size()), response.data());
-    if (response.find("+QIURC: \"recv\",0") != std::string::npos) {
+    if (response.find(std::string("+QIURC: \"recv\",") + std::to_string(link_id)) != std::string::npos) {
         uint64_t data_ready = 1;
         write(data_ready_fd, &data_ready, sizeof(data_ready));
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got data on modem!");
@@ -309,6 +320,9 @@ Responder::ret Responder::check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &re
         response = response.substr(head_pos + head.size());
         int next_cr = response.find('\r');
         if (next_cr != std::string::npos) {
+            if (next_cr < 2) {
+                return ret::IN_PROGRESS;
+            }
             response = response.substr(next_cr - 2, next_cr);
             if (response.find(",0") != std::string::npos) {
                 ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Receiving done");
@@ -318,12 +332,21 @@ Responder::ret Responder::check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &re
                 ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got data on modem!");
             }
         }
-    } else if (response.find("+QIURC: \"closed\",0") != std::string::npos) {
+    } else if (response.find(std::string("+QIURC: \"closed\",") + std::to_string(link_id)) != std::string::npos) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Connection closed");
         return ret::FAIL;
     }
+    return ret::IN_PROGRESS;
+}
+
+
+Responder::ret Responder::check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &response)
+{
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "response %.*s", static_cast<int>(response.size()), response.data());
     if (state == status::SENDING) {
         return send(response);
-    } else if (state == status::CONNECTING) {
+    }
+    if (state == status::CONNECTING) {
         return connect(response);
     }
     return ret::IN_PROGRESS;
@@ -342,7 +365,7 @@ Responder::ret Responder::process_data(status state, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
 
 status Responder::pending()
 {
-    send_cmd("AT+QISEND=0,0\r");
+    send_cmd(std::string("AT+QISEND=") + std::to_string(link_id) + ",0\r");
     return status::SENDING;
 }
 

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/sock_commands_espat.cpp

@@ -58,12 +58,19 @@ command_result net_open(CommandableIf *t)
     }
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WiFi connected successfully");
 
-    // Set passive receive mode (1) for better control
-    ret = set_rx_mode(t, 1);
+    // Enable multiple connections mode
+    ret = dce_commands::generic_command(t, "AT+CIPMUX=1\r\n", "OK", "ERROR", 1000);
     if (ret != command_result::OK) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to set preferred Rx mode");
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to enable multiple connections mode");
         return ret;
     }
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Multiple connections mode enabled");
+
+    // Set passive receive mode (1) for better control
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        std::string cmd = "AT+CIPRECVTYPE=" + std::to_string(i) + ",1\r\n";
+        dce_commands::generic_command(t, cmd, "OK", "ERROR", 1000);
+    }
     return command_result::OK;
 }
 
@@ -78,49 +85,20 @@ command_result net_close(CommandableIf *t)
     return command_result::OK;
 }
 
-command_result tcp_open(CommandableIf *t, const std::string &host, int port, int timeout)
-{
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
-
-    // Set single connection mode (just in case)
-    auto ret = dce_commands::generic_command(t, "AT+CIPMUX=0\r\n", "OK", "ERROR", 1000);
-    if (ret != command_result::OK) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to set single connection mode");
-    }
-
-    // Establish TCP connection
-    std::string tcp_cmd = "AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"" + host + "\"," + std::to_string(port) + "\r\n";
-    ret = dce_commands::generic_command(t, tcp_cmd, "CONNECT", "ERROR", timeout);
-    if (ret != command_result::OK) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to establish TCP connection to %s:%d", host.c_str(), port);
-        return ret;
-    }
-
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TCP connection established to %s:%d", host.c_str(), port);
-    return command_result::OK;
-}
-
 command_result tcp_close(CommandableIf *t)
 {
+    return command_result::OK;
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
-    return dce_commands::generic_command(t, "AT+CIPCLOSE\r\n", "CLOSED", "ERROR", 5000);
+    // Use link ID 0 for closing connection
+    const int link_id = 0;
+    std::string close_cmd = "AT+CIPCLOSE=" + std::to_string(link_id) + "\r\n";
+
+    // In multiple connections mode, response format is: <link ID>,CLOSED
+    std::string expected_response = std::to_string(link_id) + ",CLOSED";
+
+    return dce_commands::generic_command(t, close_cmd, expected_response, "ERROR", 5000);
 }
 
-command_result tcp_send(CommandableIf *t, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
-{
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
-    // This function is not used in the current implementation
-    // Data sending is handled by the DCE responder
-    return command_result::FAIL;
-}
-
-command_result tcp_recv(CommandableIf *t, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t &out_len)
-{
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
-    // This function is not used in the current implementation
-    // Data receiving is handled by the DCE responder
-    return command_result::FAIL;
-}
 
 command_result get_ip(CommandableIf *t, std::string &ip)
 {
@@ -150,9 +128,11 @@ command_result get_ip(CommandableIf *t, std::string &ip)
 
 command_result set_rx_mode(CommandableIf *t, int mode)
 {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s", __func__);
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
+    // For multiple connections mode, set receive mode for link ID 0
+    const int link_id = 0;
     // Active mode (0) sends data automatically, Passive mode (1) notifies about data for reading
-    std::string cmd = "AT+CIPRECVTYPE=" + std::to_string(mode) + "\r\n";
+    std::string cmd = "AT+CIPRECVTYPE=" + std::to_string(link_id) + "," + std::to_string(mode) + "\r\n";
     return dce_commands::generic_command(t, cmd, "OK", "ERROR", 1000);
 }
 
@@ -164,17 +144,20 @@ void Responder::start_sending(size_t len)
 {
     data_to_send = len;
     send_stat = 0;
-    send_cmd("AT+CIPSEND=" + std::to_string(len) + "\r\n");
+    // For multiple connections mode, include link ID
+    send_cmd("AT+CIPSEND=" + std::to_string(link_id) + "," + std::to_string(len) + "\r\n");
 }
 
 void Responder::start_receiving(size_t len)
 {
-    send_cmd("AT+CIPRECVDATA=" + std::to_string(len) + "\r\n");
+    // For multiple connections mode, include link ID
+    send_cmd("AT+CIPRECVDATA=" + std::to_string(link_id) + "," + std::to_string(len) + "\r\n");
 }
 
 bool Responder::start_connecting(std::string host, int port)
 {
-    std::string cmd = "AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"" + host + "\"," + std::to_string(port) + "\r\n";
+    // For multiple connections mode, include link ID
+    std::string cmd = "AT+CIPSTART=" + std::to_string(link_id) + ",\"TCP\",\"" + host + "\"," + std::to_string(port) + "\r\n";
     send_cmd(cmd);
     return true;
 }
@@ -187,16 +170,12 @@ Responder::ret Responder::recv(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
 
     if (data_to_recv == 0) {
         const std::string_view head = "+CIPRECVDATA:";
-
-        // Find the response header
-        auto head_pos = std::search(recv_data, recv_data + len, head.data(), head.data() + head.size(), [](char a, char b) {
-            return a == b;
-        });
-
-        if (head_pos == recv_data + len) {
-            return ret::FAIL;
+        const std::string_view recv_data_view(recv_data, len);
+        const auto head_pos_found = recv_data_view.find(head);
+        if (head_pos_found == std::string_view::npos) {
+            return ret::IN_PROGRESS;
         }
-
+        const auto *head_pos = recv_data + head_pos_found;
         // Find the end of the length field
         auto next_comma = (char *)memchr(head_pos + head.size(), ',', MIN_MESSAGE);
         if (next_comma == nullptr) {
@@ -245,12 +224,25 @@ Responder::ret Responder::recv(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
     char *ok_pos = nullptr;
     if (actual_len + 1 + 2 /* OK */ <= len) {
         ok_pos = (char *)memchr(recv_data + actual_len + 1, 'O', MIN_MESSAGE);
-        if (ok_pos == nullptr || ok_pos[1] != 'K') {
+        if (ok_pos == nullptr) { // || ok_pos[1] != 'K') {
             data_to_recv = 0;
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Missed 'OK' marker");
+            return ret::OK;
+            return ret::FAIL;
+        }
+        if (ok_pos + 1 < recv_data + len && ok_pos[1] != 'K') {
+            // we ignore the condition when receiving 'O' as the last character in the last batch,
+            // don't wait for the 'K' in the next run, assume the data are valid and let higher layers deal with it.
+            data_to_recv = 0;
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Missed 'OK' marker2");
             return ret::FAIL;
         }
     }
-
+    if (ok_pos != nullptr && (char *)data + len - ok_pos - 2 > MIN_MESSAGE) {
+        // check for async replies after the Recv header
+        std::string_view response((char *)ok_pos + 2 /* OK */, (char *)data + len - ok_pos);
+        check_urc(status::RECEIVING, response);
+    }
     // Reset and prepare for next receive
     data_to_recv = 0;
     return ret::OK;
@@ -299,7 +291,8 @@ Responder::ret Responder::send(std::string_view response)
 
 Responder::ret Responder::connect(std::string_view response)
 {
-    if (response.find("CONNECT") != std::string::npos) {
+    // In multiple connections mode, response format is: <link ID>,CONNECT
+    if (response.find(",CONNECT") != std::string::npos || response.find("CONNECT") != std::string::npos) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "TCP connected!");
         return ret::OK;
     }
@@ -309,6 +302,17 @@ Responder::ret Responder::connect(std::string_view response)
     }
     return ret::IN_PROGRESS;
 }
+Responder::ret Responder::check_urc(status state, std::string_view &response)
+{
+    // Handle data notifications - in multiple connections mode, format is +IPD,<link ID>,<len>
+    std::string expected_urc = "+IPD," + std::to_string(link_id);
+    if (response.find(expected_urc) != std::string::npos) {
+        uint64_t data_ready = 1;
+        write(data_ready_fd, &data_ready, sizeof(data_ready));
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Data available notification");
+    }
+    return ret::IN_PROGRESS;
+}
 
 Responder::ret Responder::check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &response)
 {
@@ -318,24 +322,17 @@ Responder::ret Responder::check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &re
     if (response.find("WIFI CONNECTED") != std::string::npos) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "WiFi connected");
     } else if (response.find("WIFI DISCONNECTED") != std::string::npos) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "WiFi disconnected");
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "WiFi disconnected");
     }
 
-    // Handle TCP status messages
+    // Handle TCP status messages (multiple connections format: <link ID>,CONNECT or <link ID>,CLOSED)
     if (response.find("CONNECT") != std::string::npos && state == status::CONNECTING) {
         return connect(response);
     } else if (response.find("CLOSED") != std::string::npos) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "TCP connection closed");
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "TCP connection closed");
         return ret::FAIL;
     }
 
-    // Handle data notifications in active mode (if we switch to it later)
-    if (response.find("+IPD,") != std::string::npos) {
-        uint64_t data_ready = 1;
-        write(data_ready_fd, &data_ready, sizeof(data_ready));
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Data available notification");
-    }
-
     if (state == status::SENDING) {
         return send(response);
     } else if (state == status::CONNECTING) {

components/esp_modem/examples/modem_tcp_client/main/sock_commands_sim7600.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2023 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ using namespace esp_modem;
 
 command_result net_open(CommandableIf *term)
 {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__ );
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
     std::string response;
     auto ret = dce_commands::generic_get_string(term, "AT+NETOPEN?\r", response, 1000);
     if (ret != command_result::OK) {
         return ret;
     }
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", response.data() );
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", response.data());
     if (response.find("+NETOPEN: 1") != std::string::npos) {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Already there");
         ret = command_result::OK;
@@ -42,23 +42,23 @@ command_result net_open(CommandableIf *term)
 
 command_result net_close(CommandableIf *term)
 {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__ );
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
     return dce_commands::generic_command(term, "AT+NETCLOSE\r", "+NETCLOSE:", "ERROR", 30000);
 }
 
 command_result tcp_open(CommandableIf *term, const std::string &host, int port, int timeout)
 {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__ );
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
     auto ret = dce_commands::generic_command(term, "AT+CIPRXGET=1\r", "OK", "ERROR", 50000);
     if (ret != command_result::OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Setting Rx mode failed!");
         return ret;
     }
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__ );
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
     std::string ip_open = R"(AT+CIPOPEN=0,"TCP",")" + host + "\"," + std::to_string(port) + "\r";
     ret = dce_commands::generic_command(term, ip_open, "+CIPOPEN: 0,0", "ERROR", timeout);
     if (ret != command_result::OK) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s Failed", __func__ );
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "%s Failed", __func__);
         return ret;
     }
     return command_result::OK;
@@ -66,13 +66,13 @@ command_result tcp_open(CommandableIf *term, const std::string &host, int port,
 
 command_result tcp_close(CommandableIf *term)
 {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__ );
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
     return dce_commands::generic_command(term, "AT+CIPCLOSE=0\r", "+CIPCLOSE:", "ERROR", 10000);
 }
 
 command_result tcp_send(CommandableIf *term, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
 {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__ );
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
     std::string send = "AT+CIPSEND=0," + std::to_string(len) + "\r";
     auto ret = term->command(send, [&](uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
         std::string_view response((char *)data, len);
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ command_result tcp_send(CommandableIf *term, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
         return ret;
     }
     ret = command_result::TIMEOUT;
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Before setting...");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Before setting...");
     term->on_read([&ret](uint8_t *cmd_data, size_t cmd_len) {
         std::string_view response((char *)cmd_data, cmd_len);
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "CIPSEND response %.*s", static_cast<int>(response.size()), response.data());
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "CIPSEND response %.*s", static_cast<int>(response.size()), response.data());
 
         if (response.find("+CIPSEND:") != std::string::npos) {
             ret = command_result::OK;
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ command_result tcp_send(CommandableIf *term, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
         }
         return ret;
     });
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Before writing...");
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Before writing...");
     auto written = term->write(data, len);
     if (written != len) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "written %d (%d)...", written, len);
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ command_result tcp_send(CommandableIf *term, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
     uint8_t ctrl_z = '\x1A';
     term->write(&ctrl_z, 1);
     int count = 0;
-    while (ret == command_result::TIMEOUT && count++ < 1000 ) {
+    while (ret == command_result::TIMEOUT && count++ < 1000) {
         vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(1000));
     }
     term->on_read(nullptr);
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ command_result tcp_send(CommandableIf *term, uint8_t *data, size_t len)
 
 command_result tcp_recv(CommandableIf *term, uint8_t *data, size_t len, size_t &out_len)
 {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__ );
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "%s", __func__);
     std::string out;
     auto ret = dce_commands::generic_get_string(term, "AT+CIPRXGET=4,0\r", out);
     if (ret != command_result::OK) {
@@ -195,17 +195,17 @@ void Responder::start_sending(size_t len)
 {
     data_to_send = len;
     send_stat = 0;
-    send_cmd("AT+CIPSEND=0," + std::to_string(len) + "\r");
+    send_cmd("AT+CIPSEND=" + std::to_string(link_id) + "," + std::to_string(len) + "\r");
 }
 
 void Responder::start_receiving(size_t len)
 {
-    send_cmd("AT+CIPRXGET=2,0," + std::to_string(len) + "\r");
+    send_cmd("AT+CIPRXGET=2," + std::to_string(link_id) + "," + std::to_string(len) + "\r");
 }
 
 bool Responder::start_connecting(std::string host, int port)
 {
-    send_cmd(R"(AT+CIPOPEN=0,"TCP",")" + host + "\"," + std::to_string(port) + "\r");
+    send_cmd(std::string("AT+CIPOPEN=") + std::to_string(link_id) + R"(,"TCP",")" + host + "\"," + std::to_string(port) + "\r");
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Responder::ret Responder::recv(uint8_t *data, size_t len)
     size_t actual_len = 0;
     auto *recv_data = (char *)data;
     if (data_to_recv == 0) {
-        static constexpr std::string_view head = "+CIPRXGET: 2,0,";
+        const std::string head = std::string("+CIPRXGET: 2,") + std::to_string(link_id) + ",";
         auto head_pos = std::search(recv_data, recv_data + len, head.begin(), head.end());
         if (head_pos == recv_data + len) {
             return ret::FAIL;
@@ -329,7 +329,8 @@ Responder::ret Responder::send(std::string_view response)
 
 Responder::ret Responder::connect(std::string_view response)
 {
-    if (response.find("+CIPOPEN: 0,0") != std::string::npos) {
+    std::string open_response = "+CIPOPEN: " + std::to_string(link_id) + ",0";
+    if (response.find(open_response) != std::string::npos) {
         ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connected!");
         return ret::OK;
     }
@@ -340,14 +341,22 @@ Responder::ret Responder::connect(std::string_view response)
     return Responder::ret::IN_PROGRESS;
 }
 
-Responder::ret Responder::check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &response)
+Responder::ret Responder::check_urc(status state, std::string_view &response)
 {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "response %.*s", static_cast<int>(response.size()), response.data());
-    if (response.find("+CIPRXGET: 1") != std::string::npos) {
+    // 1. When <mode> is set to 1 and the 2-4 mode will take effect.
+    // 2. If AT+CIPRXGET=1, it will report +CIPRXGET: 1,<cid>(multi client) when
+    const std::string expected = std::string("+CIPRXGET: 1,") + std::to_string(link_id);
+    if (response.find(expected) != std::string::npos) {
         uint64_t data_ready = 1;
         write(data_ready_fd, &data_ready, sizeof(data_ready));
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Got data on modem!");
     }
+    return ret::IN_PROGRESS;
+}
+
+Responder::ret Responder::check_async_replies(status state, std::string_view &response)
+{
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "response %.*s", static_cast<int>(response.size()), response.data());
     if (state == status::SENDING) {
         return send(response);
     } else if (state == status::CONNECTING) {

components/esp_modem/examples/pppos_client/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 ## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
 dependencies:
   ## Required IDF version
-  idf: ">=4.1.0"
+  idf: '>=4.1.0'
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.0.0"
-    override_path: "../../../"
+    version: ^2
+    override_path: ../../../
   espressif/esp_modem_usb_dte:
-    version: "^1.2.0"
+    version: ^1.2.0
     rules:
-      - if: "idf_version >=4.4"
-      - if: "target in [esp32s2, esp32s3, esp32p4]"
+    - if: idf_version >=4.4
+    - if: target in [esp32s2, esp32s3, esp32p4]
+  console_cmd_ping:
+    version: '*'

components/esp_modem/examples/pppos_client/main/pppos_client_main.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
  */
@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
 #include "freertos/event_groups.h"
 #include "esp_netif.h"
 #include "esp_netif_ppp.h"
-#include "mqtt_client.h"
 #include "esp_modem_api.h"
+#include "esp_console.h"
+#include "console_ping.h"
+#include "esp_event.h"
 #include "esp_log.h"
 #include "sdkconfig.h"
 
@@ -35,7 +37,6 @@ static const char *TAG = "pppos_example";
 static EventGroupHandle_t event_group = NULL;
 static const int CONNECT_BIT = BIT0;
 static const int DISCONNECT_BIT = BIT1;
-static const int GOT_DATA_BIT = BIT2;
 static const int USB_DISCONNECTED_BIT = BIT3; // Used only with USB DTE but we define it unconditionally, to avoid too many #ifdefs in the code
 
 #ifdef CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MODEM_DEVICE_CUSTOM
@@ -64,47 +65,6 @@ if ((xEventGroupGetBits(event_group) & USB_DISCONNECTED_BIT) == USB_DISCONNECTED
 #define CHECK_USB_DISCONNECTION(event_group)
 #endif
 
-static void mqtt_event_handler(void *handler_args, esp_event_base_t base, int32_t event_id, void *event_data)
-{
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Event dispatched from event loop base=%s, event_id=%" PRIu32, base, event_id);
-    esp_mqtt_event_handle_t event = event_data;
-    esp_mqtt_client_handle_t client = event->client;
-    int msg_id;
-    switch ((esp_mqtt_event_id_t)event_id) {
-    case MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED:
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED");
-        msg_id = esp_mqtt_client_subscribe(client, CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_TOPIC, 0);
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "sent subscribe successful, msg_id=%d", msg_id);
-        break;
-    case MQTT_EVENT_DISCONNECTED:
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_DISCONNECTED");
-        break;
-    case MQTT_EVENT_SUBSCRIBED:
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_SUBSCRIBED, msg_id=%d", event->msg_id);
-        msg_id = esp_mqtt_client_publish(client, CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_TOPIC, CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_DATA, 0, 0, 0);
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "sent publish successful, msg_id=%d", msg_id);
-        break;
-    case MQTT_EVENT_UNSUBSCRIBED:
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_UNSUBSCRIBED, msg_id=%d", event->msg_id);
-        break;
-    case MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISHED:
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISHED, msg_id=%d", event->msg_id);
-        break;
-    case MQTT_EVENT_DATA:
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_DATA");
-        printf("TOPIC=%.*s\r\n", event->topic_len, event->topic);
-        printf("DATA=%.*s\r\n", event->data_len, event->data);
-        xEventGroupSetBits(event_group, GOT_DATA_BIT);
-        break;
-    case MQTT_EVENT_ERROR:
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_ERROR");
-        break;
-    default:
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT other event id: %d", event->event_id);
-        break;
-    }
-}
-
 static void on_ppp_changed(void *arg, esp_event_base_t event_base,
                            int32_t event_id, void *event_data)
 {
@@ -160,6 +120,11 @@ void app_main(void)
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_register(IP_EVENT, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, &on_ip_event, NULL));
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_register(NETIF_PPP_STATUS, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, &on_ppp_changed, NULL));
 
+    // Initialize console REPL, register ping and start it
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(console_cmd_init());
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(console_cmd_ping_register());
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(console_cmd_start());
+
     /* Configure the PPP netif */
     esp_err_t err;
     esp_modem_dce_config_t dce_config = ESP_MODEM_DCE_DEFAULT_CONFIG(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MODEM_PPP_APN);
@@ -251,7 +216,7 @@ void app_main(void)
 #endif
 
 #if CONFIG_EXAMPLE_DETECT_MODE_BEFORE_CONNECT
-    xEventGroupClearBits(event_group, CONNECT_BIT | GOT_DATA_BIT | USB_DISCONNECTED_BIT | DISCONNECT_BIT);
+    xEventGroupClearBits(event_group, CONNECT_BIT | USB_DISCONNECTED_BIT | DISCONNECT_BIT);
 
     err = esp_modem_set_mode(dce, ESP_MODEM_MODE_DETECT);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
@@ -270,7 +235,7 @@ void app_main(void)
     }
 #endif // CONFIG_EXAMPLE_DETECT_MODE_BEFORE_CONNECT
 
-    xEventGroupClearBits(event_group, CONNECT_BIT | GOT_DATA_BIT | USB_DISCONNECTED_BIT | DISCONNECT_BIT);
+    xEventGroupClearBits(event_group, CONNECT_BIT | USB_DISCONNECTED_BIT | DISCONNECT_BIT);
 
     /* Run the modem demo app */
 #if CONFIG_EXAMPLE_NEED_SIM_PIN == 1
@@ -340,15 +305,11 @@ void app_main(void)
     }
 
     /* Config MQTT */
-    esp_mqtt_client_config_t mqtt_config = {
-        .broker.address.uri = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MQTT_BROKER_URI,
-    };
-    esp_mqtt_client_handle_t mqtt_client = esp_mqtt_client_init(&mqtt_config);
-    esp_mqtt_client_register_event(mqtt_client, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, mqtt_event_handler, NULL);
-    esp_mqtt_client_start(mqtt_client);
+    int ping_ret_val;
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_console_run("ping www.espressif.com", &ping_ret_val));
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ping command finished with return value: %d", ping_ret_val);
 
 #if CONFIG_EXAMPLE_PAUSE_NETIF_TO_CHECK_SIGNAL
-    xEventGroupWaitBits(event_group, GOT_DATA_BIT, pdTRUE, pdFALSE, portMAX_DELAY);
     esp_modem_pause_net(dce, true);
     err = esp_modem_get_signal_quality(dce, &rssi, &ber);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
@@ -357,14 +318,15 @@ void app_main(void)
     }
     ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Signal quality: rssi=%d, ber=%d", rssi, ber);
     esp_modem_pause_net(dce, false);
-    esp_mqtt_client_publish(mqtt_client, CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_TOPIC, CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_DATA, 0, 0, 0);
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_console_run("ping www.espressif.com", &ping_ret_val));
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ping command finished with return value: %d", ping_ret_val);
 #endif // CONFIG_EXAMPLE_PAUSE_NETIF_TO_CHECK_SIGNAL
 
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Waiting for MQTT data");
-    xEventGroupWaitBits(event_group, GOT_DATA_BIT | USB_DISCONNECTED_BIT, pdFALSE, pdFALSE, portMAX_DELAY);
+    if (ping_ret_val != 0) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Ping command failed with return value: %d", ping_ret_val);
+    }
     CHECK_USB_DISCONNECTION(event_group);
 
-    esp_mqtt_client_destroy(mqtt_client);
     err = esp_modem_set_mode(dce, ESP_MODEM_MODE_COMMAND);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_modem_set_mode(ESP_MODEM_MODE_COMMAND) failed with %d", err);

components/esp_modem/examples/pppos_client/pytest_pppos_client.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2023 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
 from __future__ import print_function, unicode_literals
 
@@ -8,16 +8,12 @@ def test_pppos_connect(dut):
     steps:
       1. initializes connection with SIM800
       2. checks we get an IP
-      3. checks for the MQTT events
+      3. checks that the ping command works
       4. checks that the client cleanly disconnects
     """
     # Check the sequence of connecting, publishing, disconnecting
     dut.expect('Modem Connect to PPP Server', timeout=90)
-    # Check for MQTT connection and the data event
-    dut.expect('MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED')
-    dut.expect('MQTT_EVENT_DATA')
-    dut.expect('TOPIC=/ci/esp-modem/pppos-client')
-    dut.expect('DATA=esp32-pppos')
+    dut.expect('Ping command finished with return value: 0', timeout=30)
     # Check that we have disconnected
     dut.expect('User interrupted event')
     # And can use commands again

components/esp_modem/examples/simple_cmux_client/main/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-idf_component_register(SRCS "simple_cmux_client_main.cpp"  "simple_mqtt_client.cpp"
+idf_component_register(SRCS "simple_cmux_client_main.cpp"
                        INCLUDE_DIRS ".")

components/esp_modem/examples/simple_cmux_client/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 dependencies:
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.0.1"
+    version: "^2"
     override_path: "../../../"
+  console_cmd_ping:
+    version: '*'

components/esp_modem/examples/simple_cmux_client/main/simple_cmux_client_main.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2023 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
  */
@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@
 #include "cxx_include/esp_modem_dte.hpp"
 #include "esp_modem_config.h"
 #include "cxx_include/esp_modem_api.hpp"
-#include "simple_mqtt_client.hpp"
 #include "esp_vfs_dev.h"        // For optional VFS support
 #include "esp_https_ota.h"      // For potential OTA configuration
 #include "vfs_resource/vfs_create.hpp"
 #include "SIM7070_gnss.hpp"
+#include "esp_console.h"
+#include "console_ping.h"
+#include "esp_event.h"
 
 #if defined(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_FLOW_CONTROL_NONE)
 #define EXAMPLE_FLOW_CONTROL ESP_MODEM_FLOW_CONTROL_NONE
@@ -35,18 +37,13 @@
 #define EXAMPLE_FLOW_CONTROL ESP_MODEM_FLOW_CONTROL_HW
 #endif
 
-#define BROKER_URL CONFIG_BROKER_URI
-
-
 using namespace esp_modem;
 
 static const char *TAG = "cmux_example";
 
 class StatusHandler {
 public:
-    static constexpr auto IP_Event      = SignalGroup::bit0;
-    static constexpr auto MQTT_Connect  = SignalGroup::bit1;
-    static constexpr auto MQTT_Data     = SignalGroup::bit2;
+    static constexpr auto IP_Event = SignalGroup::bit0;
 
     StatusHandler()
     {
@@ -58,12 +55,6 @@ public:
         esp_event_handler_unregister(IP_EVENT, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, on_event);
     }
 
-    void handle_mqtt(MqttClient *client)
-    {
-        mqtt_client = client;
-        client->register_handler(ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, on_event, this);
-    }
-
     esp_err_t wait_for(decltype(IP_Event) event, int milliseconds)
     {
         return signal.wait_any(event, milliseconds);
@@ -80,8 +71,6 @@ private:
         auto *handler = static_cast<StatusHandler *>(arg);
         if (base == IP_EVENT) {
             handler->ip_event(event, data);
-        } else {
-            handler->mqtt_event(event, data);
         }
     }
 
@@ -92,27 +81,16 @@ private:
             ESP_LOGI(TAG, "IP          : " IPSTR, IP2STR(&event->ip_info.ip));
             ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Netmask     : " IPSTR, IP2STR(&event->ip_info.netmask));
             ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Gateway     : " IPSTR, IP2STR(&event->ip_info.gw));
+            ip_event_type = static_cast<ip_event_t>(id);
             signal.set(IP_Event);
         } else if (id == IP_EVENT_PPP_LOST_IP) {
+            ip_event_type = static_cast<ip_event_t>(id);
             signal.set(IP_Event);
         }
-        ip_event_type = static_cast<ip_event_t>(id);
-    }
-
-    void mqtt_event(int32_t event, void *data)
-    {
-        if (mqtt_client && event == mqtt_client->get_event(MqttClient::Event::CONNECT)) {
-            signal.set(MQTT_Connect);
-        } else if (mqtt_client && event == mqtt_client->get_event(MqttClient::Event::DATA)) {
-            ESP_LOGI(TAG, " TOPIC: %s", mqtt_client->get_topic(data).c_str());
-            ESP_LOGI(TAG, " DATA: %s", mqtt_client->get_data(data).c_str());
-            signal.set(MQTT_Data);
-        }
     }
 
     esp_modem::SignalGroup signal{};
-    MqttClient *mqtt_client{nullptr};
-    ip_event_t ip_event_type;
+    ip_event_t ip_event_type{};
 };
 
 
@@ -122,6 +100,11 @@ extern "C" void app_main(void)
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_netif_init());
 
+    // Initialize console REPL, register ping and start it
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(console_cmd_init());
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(console_cmd_ping_register());
+    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(console_cmd_start());
+
     /* Configure and create the DTE */
     esp_modem_dte_config_t dte_config = ESP_MODEM_DTE_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
     /* setup UART specific configuration based on kconfig options */
@@ -175,7 +158,7 @@ extern "C" void app_main(void)
 #endif
     assert(dce);
 
-    /* Try to connect to the network and publish an mqtt topic */
+    /* Try to connect to the network */
     StatusHandler handler;
 
     if (dte_config.uart_config.flow_control == ESP_MODEM_FLOW_CONTROL_HW) {
@@ -224,24 +207,14 @@ extern "C" void app_main(void)
     } else if (handler.get_ip_event_type() == IP_EVENT_PPP_GOT_IP) {
         std::cout << "Got IP address" << std::endl;
 
-        /* When connected to network, subscribe and publish some MQTT data */
-        MqttClient mqtt(BROKER_URL);
-        handler.handle_mqtt(&mqtt);
-        mqtt.connect();
-        if (!handler.wait_for(StatusHandler::MQTT_Connect, 60000)) {
-            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Cannot connect to %s within specified timeout... exiting", BROKER_URL);
+        /* When connected to network, we can ping the internet */
+        int ping_ret_val;
+        ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_console_run("ping www.espressif.com", &ping_ret_val));
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Ping command finished with return value: %d", ping_ret_val);
+        if (ping_ret_val != 0) {
+            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Ping command failed with return value: %d", ping_ret_val);
             return;
         }
-        std::cout << "Connected" << std::endl;
-
-        mqtt.subscribe(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_TOPIC);
-        mqtt.publish(CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_TOPIC, CONFIG_EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_DATA);
-        if (!handler.wait_for(StatusHandler::MQTT_Data, 60000)) {
-            ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Didn't receive published data within specified timeout... exiting");
-            return;
-        }
-        std::cout << "Received MQTT data" << std::endl;
-
     } else if (handler.get_ip_event_type() == IP_EVENT_PPP_LOST_IP) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "PPP client has lost connection... exiting");
         return;

components/esp_modem/examples/simple_cmux_client/main/simple_mqtt_client.cpp

@@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2023 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
- */
-
-/*
- * PPPoS Client Example
-*/
-
-#include <memory>
-#include "mqtt_client.h"
-#include "simple_mqtt_client.hpp"
-
-/**
- * Reference to the MQTT event base
- */
-ESP_EVENT_DECLARE_BASE(MQTT_EVENTS);
-
-/**
- * Thin wrapper around C mqtt_client
- */
-struct MqttClientHandle {
-    explicit MqttClientHandle(const std::string &uri)
-    {
-        esp_mqtt_client_config_t config = { };
-#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 0, 0)
-        config.broker.address.uri = uri.c_str();
-#else
-        config.uri = uri.c_str();
-#endif
-        client = esp_mqtt_client_init(&config);
-    }
-
-    ~MqttClientHandle()
-    {
-        esp_mqtt_client_destroy(client);
-    }
-
-    esp_mqtt_client_handle_t client;
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Definitions of MqttClient methods
- */
-MqttClient::MqttClient(const std::string &uri):
-    h(std::unique_ptr<MqttClientHandle>(new MqttClientHandle(uri)))
-{}
-
-void MqttClient::connect()
-{
-    esp_mqtt_client_start(h->client);
-}
-
-int32_t MqttClient::get_event(MqttClient::Event ev)
-{
-    switch (ev) {
-    case Event::CONNECT: {
-        return MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED;
-    }
-    case Event::DATA:
-        return MQTT_EVENT_DATA;
-    }
-    return -1;
-}
-
-int MqttClient::publish(const std::string &topic, const std::string &data, int qos)
-{
-    return esp_mqtt_client_publish(h->client, topic.c_str(), data.c_str(), 0, qos, 0);
-}
-
-int MqttClient::subscribe(const std::string &topic, int qos)
-{
-    return esp_mqtt_client_subscribe(h->client, topic.c_str(), qos);
-}
-
-std::string MqttClient::get_topic(void *event_data)
-{
-    auto event = (esp_mqtt_event_handle_t)event_data;
-    if (event == nullptr || event->client != h->client)
-        return {};
-
-    return std::string(event->topic, event->topic_len);
-}
-
-std::string MqttClient::get_data(void *event_data)
-{
-    auto event = (esp_mqtt_event_handle_t)event_data;
-    if (event == nullptr || event->client != h->client)
-        return {};
-
-    return std::string(event->data, event->data_len);
-}
-
-void MqttClient::register_handler(int32_t event_id, esp_event_handler_t event_handler, void *arg)
-{
-    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_mqtt_client_register_event(h->client, MQTT_EVENT_ANY, event_handler, arg));
-}
-
-MqttClient::~MqttClient() = default;

components/esp_modem/examples/simple_cmux_client/main/simple_mqtt_client.hpp

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022-2023 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
- *
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
- */
-
-/*
- * PPPoS Client Example
-*/
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-#include <memory>
-
-struct MqttClientHandle;
-
-/**
- * @brief Simple MQTT client wrapper
- */
-class MqttClient {
-public:
-    enum class Event {
-        CONNECT,
-        DATA,
-    };
-
-    explicit MqttClient(const std::string &uri);
-    ~MqttClient();
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Start the mqtt-client
-     */
-    void connect();
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Publish to topic
-     * @param topic Topic to publish
-     * @param data Data to publish
-     * @param qos QoS (0 by default)
-     * @return message id
-     */
-    int publish(const std::string &topic, const std::string &data, int qos = 0);
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Subscribe to a topic
-     * @param topic Topic to subscribe
-     * @param qos QoS (0 by default)
-     * @return message id
-     */
-    int subscribe(const std::string &topic, int qos = 0);
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Get topic from event data
-     * @return String topic
-     */
-    std::string get_topic(void *);
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Get published data from event
-     * @return String representation of the data
-     */
-    std::string get_data(void *);
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Register MQTT event
-     * @param id Event id
-     * @param event_handler Event handler
-     * @param event_handler_arg Event handler parameters
-     */
-    void register_handler(int32_t id, esp_event_handler_t event_handler, void *event_handler_arg);
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Convert internal MQTT event to standard ESPEvent
-     * @param ev internal mqtt event
-     * @return corresponding esp_event id
-     */
-    static int32_t get_event(Event ev);
-
-private:
-    std::unique_ptr<MqttClientHandle> h;
-};

components/esp_modem/examples/simple_cmux_client/pytest_cmux.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023-2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2023-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
 from __future__ import print_function, unicode_literals
 
@@ -6,21 +6,10 @@ from __future__ import print_function, unicode_literals
 def test_cmux_connection(dut):
     """
     steps:
-      1. initializes connection with SIM800
-      2. checks we get an IP
-      3. checks for the MQTT events
+      1. checks we're in CMUX mode and get an IP
+      2. checks for ping command
     """
-    # Get topic and data from Kconfig
-    topic = ''
-    data = ''
-    try:
-        topic = dut.app.sdkconfig.get('EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_TOPIC')
-        data = dut.app.sdkconfig.get('EXAMPLE_MQTT_TEST_DATA')
-    except Exception:
-        print('ENV_TEST_FAILURE: Cannot find broker url in sdkconfig')
-        raise
-    # Check the sequence of connecting, publishing, disconnecting
-    dut.expect('Modem has correctly entered multiplexed')
-    # Check for MQTT connection and the data event
-    dut.expect(f'TOPIC: {topic}')
-    dut.expect(f'DATA: {data}')
+    # Check we're in CMUX mode and get an IP
+    dut.expect('Modem has correctly entered multiplexed command/data mode', timeout=60)
+    # Check for ping command
+    dut.expect('Ping command finished with return value: 0', timeout=30)

components/esp_modem/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-version: "1.4.0"
+version: "2.0.0"
 description: Library for communicating with cellular modems in command and data modes
 url: https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/tree/master/components/esp_modem
 issues: https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/issues

components/esp_modem/src/esp_modem_c_api.cpp

@@ -163,6 +163,15 @@ extern "C" esp_err_t esp_modem_read_pin(esp_modem_dce_t *dce_wrap, bool *pin)
     return command_response_to_esp_err(dce_wrap->dce->read_pin(*pin));
 }
 
+extern "C" esp_err_t esp_modem_set_echo(esp_modem_dce_t *dce_wrap, const bool echo_on)
+{
+    if (dce_wrap == nullptr || dce_wrap->dce == nullptr) {
+        return ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
+    }
+
+    return command_response_to_esp_err(dce_wrap->dce->set_echo(echo_on));
+}
+
 extern "C" esp_err_t esp_modem_sms_txt_mode(esp_modem_dce_t *dce_wrap, bool txt)
 {
     if (dce_wrap == nullptr || dce_wrap->dce == nullptr) {

components/esp_modem/test/target_iperf/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
 dependencies:
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.1.0"
+    version: "^2"
     override_path: "../../.."
   espressif/iperf-cmd: "^0.1.1"

components/esp_modem/test/target_ota/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
 ## IDF Component Manager Manifest File
 dependencies:
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "*"
+    version: '^2'
     override_path: ../../..
   espressif/mbedtls_cxx:
-    version: "*"
+    version: '*'
     override_path: ../../../../mbedtls_cxx
   idf:
-    version: ">=4.1.0"
+    version: '>=4.1.0'
+  espressif/mqtt:
+    rules:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0

components/esp_modem/test/target_urc/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ dependencies:
   ## Required IDF version
   idf: ">=4.1.0"
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.0.0"
+    version: "^2"
     override_path: "../../../"

components/esp_mqtt_cxx/idf_component.yml

@@ -9,3 +9,7 @@ dependencies:
   # Required IDF version
   idf:
     version: ">=5.0"
+  espressif/mqtt:
+    rules:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0

components/libwebsockets/idf_component.yml

@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ version: "4.3.3"
 url: https://github.com/espressif/esp-protocols/tree/master/components/libwebsockets
 description: The component provides a simple ESP-IDF port of libwebsockets client.
 dependencies:
-  idf: '>=5.3'
+  idf: '>=5.3,<6.0'

components/mosquitto/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -90,6 +90,10 @@ if (CONFIG_MOSQ_ENABLE_SYS)
 endif()
 target_compile_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} PRIVATE "-Wno-format")
 
+# Enable linker wrapping for mosquitto_unpwd_check to allow connection callback interception
+# without modifying upstream code
+target_link_options(${COMPONENT_LIB} INTERFACE "-Wl,--wrap=mosquitto_unpwd_check")
+
 # Some mosquitto source unconditionally define `_GNU_SOURCE` which collides with IDF build system
 # producing warning: "_GNU_SOURCE" redefined
 # This workarounds this issue by undefining the macro for the selected files

components/mosquitto/api.md

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 | Type | Name |
 | ---: | :--- |
 | struct | [**mosq\_broker\_config**](#struct-mosq_broker_config) <br>_Mosquitto configuration structure._ |
+| typedef int(\* | [**mosq\_connect\_cb\_t**](#typedef-mosq_connect_cb_t)  <br> |
 | typedef void(\* | [**mosq\_message\_cb\_t**](#typedef-mosq_message_cb_t)  <br> |
 
 ## Functions
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ ESP port of mosquittto supports only the options in this configuration structure
 
 Variables:
 
+-  mosq\_connect\_cb\_t handle_connect_cb  <br>On connect callback. If configured, user function is called whenever a client attempts to connect. The callback receives client\_id, username, password, and password length. Return 0 to accept the connection, non-zero to reject it.
+
 -  void(\* handle_message_cb  <br>On message callback. If configured, user function is called whenever mosquitto processes a message.
 
 -  const char \* host  <br>Address on which the broker is listening for connections
@@ -43,6 +46,12 @@ Variables:
 
 -  esp\_tls\_cfg\_server\_t \* tls_cfg  <br>ESP-TLS configuration (if TLS transport used) Please refer to the ESP-TLS official documentation for more details on configuring the TLS options. You can open the respective docs with this idf.py command: `idf.py docs -sp api-reference/protocols/esp_tls.html`
 
+### typedef `mosq_connect_cb_t`
+
+```c
+typedef int(* mosq_connect_cb_t) (const char *client_id, const char *username, const char *password, int password_len);
+```
+
 ### typedef `mosq_message_cb_t`
 
 ```c

components/mosquitto/examples/broker/main/Kconfig.projbuild

@@ -19,6 +19,15 @@ menu "Example Configuration"
             If enabled, it runs a local mqtt client connecting
             to the same endpoint ans the broker listens to
 
+    config EXAMPLE_BROKER_USE_BASIC_AUTH
+        bool "Use basic authentication (username/password)"
+        default n
+        help
+            If enabled, the broker will require username and password
+            authentication. The example uses "testuser" / "testpass" as
+            credentials. The client will also use these credentials when
+            connecting to the broker.
+
     config EXAMPLE_BROKER_WITH_TLS
         bool "Use TLS"
         default y

components/mosquitto/examples/broker/main/example_broker.c

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense OR CC0-1.0
  */
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
 #include "nvs_flash.h"
 #include "esp_event.h"
 #include "esp_netif.h"
@@ -14,6 +15,45 @@
 
 const static char *TAG = "mqtt_broker";
 
+/* Basic auth credentials for the example */
+#define EXAMPLE_USERNAME "testuser"
+#define EXAMPLE_PASSWORD "testpass"
+
+#if CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_USE_BASIC_AUTH
+/* Connection callback to validate username/password */
+static int example_connect_callback(const char *client_id, const char *username, const char *password, int password_len)
+{
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connection attempt from client_id='%s', username='%s'", client_id, username ? username : "(none)");
+
+    /* Check if username is provided */
+    if (!username) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection rejected: no username provided");
+        return 1; /* Reject connection */
+    }
+
+    /* Check if password is provided */
+    if (!password) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection rejected: no password provided");
+        return 1; /* Reject connection */
+    }
+
+    /* Validate username */
+    if (strcmp(username, EXAMPLE_USERNAME) != 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection rejected: invalid username '%s'", username);
+        return 1; /* Reject connection */
+    }
+
+    /* Validate password */
+    if (strcmp(password, EXAMPLE_PASSWORD) != 0) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection rejected: invalid password");
+        return 1; /* Reject connection */
+    }
+
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connection accepted for client_id='%s', username='%s'", client_id, username);
+    return 0; /* Accept connection */
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_USE_BASIC_AUTH */
+
 #if CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_WITH_TLS
 extern const unsigned char servercert_start[] asm("_binary_servercert_pem_start");
 extern const unsigned char servercert_end[]   asm("_binary_servercert_pem_end");
@@ -81,6 +121,10 @@ static void mqtt_app_start(struct mosq_broker_config *config)
         .broker.address.transport = MQTT_TRANSPORT_OVER_TCP,
 #endif
         .broker.address.port = config->port,
+#if CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_USE_BASIC_AUTH
+        .credentials.username = "EXAMPLE_USERNAME",
+        .credentials.authentication.password = EXAMPLE_PASSWORD,
+#endif
     };
     esp_mqtt_client_handle_t client = esp_mqtt_client_init(&mqtt_cfg);
     esp_mqtt_client_register_event(client, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, mqtt_event_handler, NULL);
@@ -95,7 +139,16 @@ void app_main(void)
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(example_connect());
 
-    struct mosq_broker_config config = { .host = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_HOST, .port = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_PORT, .tls_cfg = NULL };
+    struct mosq_broker_config config = {
+        .host = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_HOST,
+        .port = CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_PORT,
+        .tls_cfg = NULL,
+#if CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_USE_BASIC_AUTH
+        .handle_connect_cb = example_connect_callback,
+#else
+        .handle_connect_cb = NULL,
+#endif
+    };
 
 #if CONFIG_EXAMPLE_BROKER_RUN_LOCAL_MQTT_CLIENT
     mqtt_app_start(&config);

components/mosquitto/examples/broker/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -4,3 +4,7 @@ dependencies:
     override_path: "../../.."
   protocol_examples_common:
     path: ${IDF_PATH}/examples/common_components/protocol_examples_common
+  espressif/mqtt:
+    rules:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0

components/mosquitto/examples/serverless_mqtt/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -3,3 +3,7 @@ dependencies:
   espressif/mosquitto:
     override_path: ../../..
   espressif/sock_utils: "*"
+  espressif/mqtt:
+    rules:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0

components/mosquitto/port/broker.c

@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ void mosq_broker_stop(void)
 }
 
 extern mosq_message_cb_t g_mosq_message_callback;
+extern mosq_connect_cb_t g_mosq_connect_callback;
 
 int mosq_broker_run(struct mosq_broker_config *broker_config)
 {
@@ -130,6 +131,9 @@ int mosq_broker_run(struct mosq_broker_config *broker_config)
     if (broker_config->handle_message_cb) {
         g_mosq_message_callback = broker_config->handle_message_cb;
     }
+    if (broker_config->handle_connect_cb) {
+        g_mosq_connect_callback = broker_config->handle_connect_cb;
+    }
 
     db.config = &config;
 

components/mosquitto/port/callbacks.c

@@ -3,8 +3,9 @@
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
  *
- * SPDX-FileContributor: 2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ * SPDX-FileContributor: 2024-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
  */
+#include <string.h>
 #include "mosquitto_internal.h"
 #include "mosquitto_broker.h"
 #include "memory_mosq.h"
@@ -16,6 +17,7 @@
 #include "mosq_broker.h"
 
 mosq_message_cb_t g_mosq_message_callback = NULL;
+mosq_connect_cb_t g_mosq_connect_callback = NULL;
 
 int mosquitto_callback_register(
     mosquitto_plugin_id_t *identifier,
@@ -51,3 +53,39 @@ int plugin__handle_message(struct mosquitto *context, struct mosquitto_msg_store
     }
     return MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS;
 }
+
+int __real_mosquitto_unpwd_check(struct mosquitto *context);
+
+/* Wrapper function to intercept mosquitto_unpwd_check calls via linker wrapping */
+int __wrap_mosquitto_unpwd_check(struct mosquitto *context)
+{
+    int rc;
+    int password_len = 0;
+
+    /* Call user's connect callback if set */
+    if (g_mosq_connect_callback) {
+        /* Extract password length if password is present.
+         * Note: MQTT passwords are binary data, but mosquitto stores them as null-terminated strings.
+         * If password contains null bytes, strlen() will not return the full length.
+         * This matches how mosquitto itself handles passwords in some security functions. */
+        if (context->password) {
+            password_len = (int)strlen(context->password);
+        }
+
+        /* Call user callback */
+        rc = g_mosq_connect_callback(
+                 context->id ? context->id : "",
+                 context->username ? context->username : NULL,
+                 context->password ? context->password : NULL,
+                 password_len
+             );
+
+        /* If callback rejects (returns non-zero), return AUTH error immediately */
+        if (rc != 0) {
+            return MOSQ_ERR_AUTH;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Call the original function */
+    return __real_mosquitto_unpwd_check(context);
+}

components/mosquitto/port/include/mosq_broker.h

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ extern "C" {
 struct mosquitto__config;
 
 typedef void (*mosq_message_cb_t)(char *client, char *topic, char *data, int len, int qos, int retain);
+
+typedef int (*mosq_connect_cb_t)(const char *client_id, const char *username, const char *password, int password_len);
 /**
  * @brief Mosquitto configuration structure
  *
@@ -33,6 +35,11 @@ struct mosq_broker_config {
                                      * On message callback. If configured, user function is called
                                      * whenever mosquitto processes a message.
                                      */
+    mosq_connect_cb_t handle_connect_cb; /*!< On connect callback. If configured, user function is called
+                                     * whenever a client attempts to connect. The callback receives
+                                     * client_id, username, password, and password length. Return 0 to
+                                     * accept the connection, non-zero to reject it.
+                                     */
 };
 
 /**

docs/esp_modem/en/README.rst

@@ -176,6 +176,41 @@ Component Kconfig
 Compile-time configuration is provided using menuconfig. Please check
 the description for the CMUX mode configuration options.
 
+Development Mode
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ESP-MODEM supports two different modes for handling AT command definitions:
+
+**Production Mode (Default)**
+    Uses pre-generated headers and sources with common AT commands from the ``command/`` directory.
+    This mode provides better IDE navigation and code completion, making it ideal for:
+
+    - Application development using existing AT commands
+    - Better code navigation and IntelliSense support
+    - Faster compilation times
+    - Stable, tested command implementations
+
+**Development Mode**
+    Uses in-place macro expansion with AT commands from the ``generate/`` directory.
+    This mode is designed for ESP-MODEM library developers who need to:
+
+    - Modify or add new AT command definitions in ``esp_modem_command_declare.inc``
+    - Work directly with the source definitions of AT commands
+    - Debug command implementations
+    - Contribute to the core ESP-MODEM library development
+
+.. note::
+    For adding support for new modem modules, you typically don't need development mode.
+    Instead, create a custom module class inheriting from ``GenericModule`` and add your
+    commands directly in your project's headers/sources. See the ``pppos_client`` example
+    for a demonstration of this approach.
+
+To enable development mode, set ``CONFIG_ESP_MODEM_ENABLE_DEVELOPMENT_MODE=y`` in your project configuration.
+
+.. note::
+    Development mode requires the C preprocessor to expand command definitions at compile time,
+    which may result in longer compilation times and larger binary sizes compared to production mode.
+
 Runtime configuration
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

docs/esp_modem/en/customization.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+Customization
+=============
+
+This chapter covers how to customize ESP-MODEM for your specific requirements by creating custom modules and adding new commands.
+
+Custom Module Development
+-------------------------
+
+For most customization needs, you don't need development mode. Instead, you can create custom modules that inherit from existing ESP-MODEM classes.
+
+Creating Custom Modules
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The recommended approach for adding support for new modem modules or custom commands is to create a custom module class. This approach:
+
+- **Doesn't require development mode**
+- **Keeps your changes separate** from the core library
+- **Allows easy updates** of the ESP-MODEM library
+- **Provides full flexibility** for custom commands
+
+Basic Custom Module Example
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Here's a simple example of creating a custom module:
+
+.. code-block:: cpp
+
+    #include "cxx_include/esp_modem_api.hpp"
+    #include "cxx_include/esp_modem_command_library_utils.hpp"
+
+    class MyCustomModule: public GenericModule {
+        using GenericModule::GenericModule;
+
+    public:
+        // Add a new command
+        command_result get_custom_info(std::string &info) {
+            return esp_modem::dce_commands::generic_get_string(
+                dte.get(), "AT+CUSTOM?\r", info);
+        }
+
+        // Override an existing command
+        command_result get_signal_quality(int &rssi, int &ber) override {
+            // Custom implementation
+            return esp_modem::dce_commands::generic_get_string(
+                dte.get(), "AT+CSQ\r", rssi, ber);
+        }
+    };
+
+Using Custom Modules with C++ API
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+With the C++ API, you can use your custom module directly:
+
+.. code-block:: cpp
+
+    // Create DCE with custom module
+    auto dce = dce_factory::Factory::create_unique_dce_from<MyCustomModule>(
+        dce_config, std::move(dte), netif);
+
+    // Use custom commands
+    std::string info;
+    auto result = dce->get_custom_info(info);
+
+Using Custom Modules with C API
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To use custom modules with the C API, you need to:
+
+1. **Enable custom module support** in Kconfig:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+       idf.py menuconfig
+       # Navigate to: Component config → ESP-MODEM
+       # Enable: "Add support for custom module in C-API"
+
+2. **Create a custom module header** (e.g., ``custom_module.hpp``) in your main component
+
+3. **Implement the required functions**:
+
+   .. code-block:: cpp
+
+       // Create custom DCE function
+       DCE *esp_modem_create_custom_dce(
+           const esp_modem_dce_config_t *dce_config,
+           std::shared_ptr<DTE> dte,
+           esp_netif_t *netif) {
+           return dce_factory::Factory::create_unique_dce_from<MyCustomModule, DCE *>(
+               dce_config, std::move(dte), netif);
+       }
+
+       // Add C API wrappers for custom commands
+       extern "C" esp_err_t esp_modem_get_custom_info(esp_modem_dce_t *dce_wrap, char *info) {
+           if (dce_wrap == nullptr || dce_wrap->dce == nullptr) {
+               return ESP_ERR_INVALID_ARG;
+           }
+           std::string info_str{CONFIG_ESP_MODEM_C_API_STR_MAX};
+           auto ret = command_response_to_esp_err(
+               static_cast<MyCustomModule *>(dce_wrap->dce->get_module())->get_custom_info(info_str));
+           if (ret == ESP_OK && !info_str.empty()) {
+               strlcpy(info, info_str.c_str(), CONFIG_ESP_MODEM_C_API_STR_MAX);
+           }
+           return ret;
+       }
+
+4. **Use the custom commands** in your C code:
+
+   .. code-block:: c
+
+       char info[128];
+       esp_err_t ret = esp_modem_get_custom_info(dce, info);
+
+Complete Example
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+See the ``examples/pppos_client`` example for a complete demonstration of custom module development. This example shows:
+
+- Creating a custom module that inherits from ``GenericModule``
+- Adding new commands (``get_time()``)
+- Overriding existing commands (``get_signal_quality()``)
+- Integration with both C++ and C APIs
+
+Available Base Classes
+----------------------
+
+You can inherit from several base classes depending on your needs:
+
+**GenericModule**
+    The most general implementation of a common modem. Use this when:
+    - Your modem supports most standard AT commands
+    - You need to add a few custom commands
+    - You want to override some existing commands
+
+**Specific Module Classes**
+    Inherit from existing module classes (e.g., ``SIM800``, ``BG96``, ``SIM7600``) when:
+    - Your modem is very similar to an existing one
+    - You only need minor modifications
+    - You want to leverage existing device-specific optimizations
+
+**ModuleIf**
+    Use this minimal interface when:
+    - You only need basic AT command functionality
+    - You don't need network interface features
+    - You want to implement a custom DTE without DCE
+
+Command Utilities
+-----------------
+
+ESP-MODEM provides utility functions to help implement custom commands:
+
+**Generic Command Helpers**
+    - ``generic_get_string()`` - Parse string responses
+    - ``generic_get_int()`` - Parse integer responses
+    - ``generic_set_string()`` - Send string commands
+    - ``generic_set_int()`` - Send integer commands
+
+**Response Parsing**
+    - ``get_number_from_string()`` - Extract numbers from responses
+    - ``get_string_from_response()`` - Extract strings from responses
+    - ``get_urc()`` - Handle unsolicited result codes
+
+Example Usage:
+.. code-block:: cpp
+
+    // Get a string value
+    command_result get_imei(std::string &imei) {
+        return esp_modem::dce_commands::generic_get_string(
+            dte.get(), "AT+CGSN\r", imei);
+    }
+
+    // Get an integer value
+    command_result get_signal_strength(int &rssi) {
+        return esp_modem::dce_commands::generic_get_int(
+            dte.get(), "AT+CSQ\r", rssi);
+    }
+
+Best Practices
+--------------
+
+**For Application Developers:**
+- Use production mode for better IDE support and faster builds
+- Create custom modules for new modem support
+- Inherit from ``GenericModule`` or other existing modules
+- Keep customizations in your project, not in the ESP-MODEM library
+
+**Module Design:**
+- Choose the most appropriate base class for your needs
+- Override only the commands you need to modify
+- Use the provided utility functions for common operations
+- Follow the existing command naming conventions
+
+**Testing:**
+- Test your custom module with real hardware
+- Verify compatibility with existing ESP-MODEM features
+- Test both C++ and C API usage if applicable
+- Consider edge cases and error handling
+
+**Documentation:**
+- Document your custom commands clearly
+- Provide usage examples
+- Explain any device-specific requirements
+- Note any limitations or known issues

docs/esp_modem/en/development.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+Development
+===========
+
+This chapter covers development mode, build system, and workflow for ESP-MODEM library developers.
+
+Development Mode
+----------------
+
+ESP-MODEM supports two different modes for handling AT command definitions, each optimized for different use cases.
+
+Production Mode (Default)
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Production mode uses pre-generated headers and sources from the ``command/`` directory. This mode is ideal for:
+
+- **Application development** using existing AT commands
+- **Better IDE navigation** and code completion
+- **Faster compilation times** with stable, tested implementations
+- **End users** who don't need to modify the core library
+
+Development Mode
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Development mode uses in-place macro expansion from the ``generate/`` directory. This mode is designed for:
+
+- **ESP-MODEM library developers** contributing to the core library
+- **Modifying core AT command definitions** in ``esp_modem_command_declare.inc``
+- **Debugging command implementations** at the source level
+- **Working directly with command source definitions**
+
+To enable development mode:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    idf.py menuconfig
+    # Navigate to: Component config → ESP-MODEM
+    # Enable: "Use development mode"
+
+Or set the configuration directly:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    idf.py -D CONFIG_ESP_MODEM_ENABLE_DEVELOPMENT_MODE=y build
+
+.. note::
+    Development mode requires C preprocessor expansion at compile time, which may result in longer compilation times and larger binary sizes.
+
+When to Use Development Mode
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**Use Development Mode when:**
+- Contributing to the ESP-MODEM library itself
+- Modifying core AT command definitions in ``esp_modem_command_declare.inc``
+- Debugging issues in the command library
+- Adding new commands to the core library for all users
+
+**Use Production Mode when:**
+- Developing applications with ESP-MODEM
+- Adding support for new modem modules (see :ref:`customization`)
+- Creating custom commands for specific projects
+- General application development
+
+Build System
+------------
+
+The ESP-MODEM build system automatically handles the differences between production and development modes:
+
+- **Production mode**: Uses pre-generated sources from ``command/`` directory
+- **Development mode**: Uses macro expansion from ``generate/`` directory
+
+The build system selects the appropriate source directory based on the ``CONFIG_ESP_MODEM_ENABLE_DEVELOPMENT_MODE`` configuration.
+
+Directory Structure
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ESP-MODEM uses two parallel directory structures:
+
+**``generate/`` Directory (Development Mode)**
+    Contains source files with macro definitions that get expanded at compile time:
+
+    - ``generate/include/esp_modem_command_declare.inc`` - Core AT command definitions
+    - ``generate/include/cxx_include/`` - C++ header templates
+    - ``generate/src/`` - Source file templates
+
+**``command/`` Directory (Production Mode)**
+    Contains pre-generated, expanded source files:
+
+    - ``command/include/esp_modem_api.h`` - Generated C API
+    - ``command/include/cxx_include/`` - Generated C++ headers
+    - ``command/src/`` - Generated source files
+
+Code Generation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ESP-MODEM uses a sophisticated code generation system to create the pre-generated sources. The ``generate.sh`` script:
+
+- Processes AT command definitions from ``esp_modem_command_declare.inc``
+- Uses C preprocessor metaprogramming to expand command prototypes
+- Generates both C and C++ API headers
+- Formats the generated code for consistency
+
+Generate Script Usage
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``generate.sh`` script is located in ``components/esp_modem/scripts/`` and can be used to:
+
+**Generate all default files:**
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    ./scripts/generate.sh
+
+**Generate specific files:**
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    ./scripts/generate.sh generate/include/cxx_include/esp_modem_command_library.hpp
+
+**Generate files for documentation:**
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    ./scripts/generate.sh ../../docs/esp_modem/generate/dce.rst
+
+The script automatically:
+- Determines the correct compiler (clang/clang++) based on file extension
+- Expands macros using C preprocessor
+- Formats generated code with astyle
+- Handles different file types (.hpp, .cpp, .h, .rst)
+
+Developer Workflow
+------------------
+
+Adding New AT Commands
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+To add new AT commands to the core ESP-MODEM library:
+
+1. **Enable development mode** in your project
+2. **Edit** ``components/esp_modem/generate/include/esp_modem_command_declare.inc``
+3. **Add your command definition** using the ``ESP_MODEM_DECLARE_DCE_COMMAND`` macro:
+
+   .. code-block:: c
+
+       /**
+        * @brief Your new command description
+        * @param[in] param1 Description of parameter 1
+        * @param[out] param2 Description of parameter 2
+        * @return OK, FAIL or TIMEOUT
+        */
+       ESP_MODEM_DECLARE_DCE_COMMAND(your_new_command, command_result,
+                                     STR_IN(param1), INT_OUT(param2))
+
+4. **Test your changes** in development mode
+5. **Generate production files** using ``generate.sh``
+6. **Test in production mode** to ensure compatibility
+7. **Submit your changes** with appropriate tests
+
+Command Definition Macros
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ESP-MODEM provides several macros for defining commands:
+
+- ``ESP_MODEM_DECLARE_DCE_COMMAND`` - Standard command declaration
+- ``STR_IN(param)`` - String input parameter
+- ``STR_OUT(param)`` - String output parameter
+- ``INT_IN(param)`` - Integer input parameter
+- ``INT_OUT(param)`` - Integer output parameter
+
+Testing and Validation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When developing ESP-MODEM library changes:
+
+1. **Test in both modes** - Ensure your changes work in both development and production modes
+2. **Run existing tests** - Verify you don't break existing functionality
+3. **Test with multiple modules** - Ensure compatibility across different modem modules
+4. **Validate generated code** - Check that generated files are correct and properly formatted
+5. **Update documentation** - Add documentation for new commands or features
+
+CI/CD Integration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ESP-MODEM project includes automated testing that:
+
+- **Validates generated files** - Ensures generated sources are up-to-date
+- **Tests both modes** - Runs tests in both development and production modes
+- **Checks formatting** - Validates code formatting and style
+- **Builds examples** - Ensures examples work with changes
+
+Best Practices
+--------------
+
+**For Library Developers:**
+- Use development mode when modifying core library files
+- Test changes in both production and development modes
+- Follow the existing code generation patterns
+- Update documentation when adding new commands
+- Include appropriate tests for new functionality
+
+**For Contributors:**
+- Submit changes that work in both modes
+- Include appropriate tests
+- Update relevant documentation
+- Consider backward compatibility
+- Follow the existing coding style and patterns

docs/esp_modem/en/index.rst

@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@ ESP-MODEM Programmers manual
 .. toctree::
 
    Brief intro <README>
+   Migration Guide <migration_guide>
    C interface <api_docs>
    C++ interface <cxx_api_docs>
    Advanced use cases <advanced_api>
+   Development <development>
+   Customization <customization>
    Internal design <internal_design>
    Internal implementation <internal_docs>

docs/esp_modem/en/migration_guide.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+Migration Guide
+===============
+
+ESP-MODEM v2.0 introduces production mode (default) with pre-generated sources for better IDE navigation. Previous behavior (development mode) requires explicit configuration.
+
+Breaking Changes
+----------------
+
+**Production Mode (Default)**
+- Uses pre-generated sources from ``command/`` directory
+- Better IDE navigation and code completion
+- Faster compilation
+
+**Development Mode (Optional)**
+- Uses macro expansion from ``generate/`` directory
+- Enable with ``CONFIG_ESP_MODEM_ENABLE_DEVELOPMENT_MODE=y``
+- Required for modifying core ESP-MODEM files
+
+Migration Steps
+---------------
+
+**Application Developers:**
+No changes required. Production mode is default.
+
+**Library Developers:**
+Enable development mode:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    idf.py -D CONFIG_ESP_MODEM_ENABLE_DEVELOPMENT_MODE=y build
+
+**Custom ``*.inc`` Files:**
+Use generation script:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    ./components/esp_modem/scripts/generate.sh your_file.inc
+
+**Build:**
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    idf.py fullclean
+    idf.py build
+
+New Features (Coming Soon)
+--------------------------
+
+**Better URC Handling**
+- Enhanced unsolicited result code processing
+- Existing URC code remains compatible
+
+**AT-based Networking**
+- AT command networking examples now supports multiple connections
+
+Troubleshooting
+---------------
+
+**Build errors:** ``idf.py fullclean && idf.py build``
+
+**No IDE completion:** Use production mode (default)
+
+**Custom .inc files:** Use ``./components/esp_modem/scripts/generate.sh your_file.inc``
+
+**Modify core files:** Enable ``CONFIG_ESP_MODEM_ENABLE_DEVELOPMENT_MODE=y``

examples/esp_netif/multiple_netifs/main/ethernet_connect.c

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include "esp_log.h"
 #include "sdkconfig.h"
 #include "iface_info.h"
+#include "esp_idf_version.h"
 
 static const char *TAG = "ethernet_connect";
 
@@ -109,7 +110,11 @@ iface_info_t *example_eth_init(int prio)
     // Use internal ESP32's ethernet
     eth_esp32_emac_config_t esp32_emac_config = ETH_ESP32_EMAC_DEFAULT_CONFIG();
     eth_info->mac = esp_eth_mac_new_esp32(&esp32_emac_config, &mac_config);
+#if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 4, 0)
+    eth_info->phy = esp_eth_phy_new_generic(&phy_config);
+#else
     eth_info->phy = esp_eth_phy_new_ip101(&phy_config);
+#endif
     // Init Ethernet driver to default and install it
     esp_eth_config_t config = ETH_DEFAULT_CONFIG(eth_info->mac, eth_info->phy);
     ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_eth_driver_install(&config, &eth_info->eth_handle));

examples/esp_netif/multiple_netifs/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
 dependencies:
   espressif/esp_modem:
-    version: "^1.0.0"
+    version: "^2"
     override_path: "../../../../components/esp_modem"
+  espressif/mqtt:
+    rules:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0

examples/esp_netif/slip_custom_netif/components/slip_modem/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 # SLIP Modem Component
+if("${IDF_VERSION_MAJOR}.${IDF_VERSION_MINOR}" VERSION_GREATER "5.3")
+    set(dependencies esp_driver_uart)
+else()
+    set(dependencies driver)
+endif()
 
 idf_component_register(
     SRCS "library/slip_modem.c" "library/slip_modem_netif.c"
     INCLUDE_DIRS "include"
-    REQUIRES esp_netif driver
+    REQUIRES esp_netif ${dependencies}
 )

examples/esp_netif/slip_custom_netif/components/slip_modem/library/slip_modem_netif.c

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2024 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
+ * SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2019-2025 Espressif Systems (Shanghai) CO LTD
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
  */
@@ -53,10 +53,18 @@ esp_err_t slip_modem_netif_start(esp_netif_t *esp_netif, esp_ip6_addr_t *addr)
     return ESP_OK;
 }
 
+#if defined(CONFIG_ESP_NETIF_RECEIVE_REPORT_ERRORS)
+typedef esp_err_t esp_netif_recv_ret_t;
+#define ESP_NETIF_OPTIONAL_RETURN_CODE(expr) expr
+#else
+typedef void esp_netif_recv_ret_t;
+#define ESP_NETIF_OPTIONAL_RETURN_CODE(expr)
+#endif // CONFIG_ESP_NETIF_RECEIVE_REPORT_ERRORS
+
 /**
  * @brief Write incoming serial data to the SLIP interface
  */
-void esp_netif_lwip_slip_input(void *h, void *buffer, unsigned int len, void *eb)
+esp_netif_recv_ret_t esp_netif_lwip_slip_input(void *h, void *buffer, unsigned int len, void *eb)
 {
     struct netif *netif = h;
 
@@ -76,6 +84,7 @@ void esp_netif_lwip_slip_input(void *h, void *buffer, unsigned int len, void *eb
     for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
         slipif_process_rxqueue(netif);
     }
+    return ESP_NETIF_OPTIONAL_RETURN_CODE(ESP_OK);
 }
 
 /**

examples/mqtt/main/idf_component.yml

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
 dependencies:
   protocol_examples_common:
     path: ${IDF_PATH}/examples/common_components/protocol_examples_common
+  espressif/mqtt:
+    rules:
+    - if: idf_version >=6.0
+      version: ^1.0.0