Remove SlotData

Because a slot id is smaller than a pointer, this change will ultimately allow reducing the slot size.

.clang-format

@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
 # http://clang.llvm.org/docs/ClangFormatStyleOptions.html
 
-BasedOnStyle: Google
+BasedOnStyle: Google
+Standard: c++11
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: Empty
+IncludeBlocks: Preserve
+IndentPPDirectives: AfterHash
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+
+# Always break after if to get accurate coverage
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false

.devcontainer/clang10/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 10",
+	"image": "conanio/clang10",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang10"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang11/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 11",
+	"image": "conanio/clang11",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang11"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang13/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-13 libc++-13-dev libc++abi-13-dev
+ENV CC=clang-13 CXX=clang++-13

.devcontainer/clang13/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 13",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang13"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang14/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-14 libc++-14-dev libc++abi-14-dev
+ENV CC=clang-14 CXX=clang++-14

.devcontainer/clang14/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 14",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang14"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang15/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-15 libc++-15-dev libc++abi-15-dev
+ENV CC=clang-15 CXX=clang++-15

.devcontainer/clang15/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 15",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang15"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang16/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-16 libc++-16-dev libc++abi-16-dev
+ENV CC=clang-16 CXX=clang++-16

.devcontainer/clang16/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 16",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang16"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang17/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+FROM ubuntu:24.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git clang-17 libc++-17-dev libc++abi-17-dev
+ENV CC=clang-17 CXX=clang++-17

.devcontainer/clang17/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 17",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile"
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang17"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang5/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 5",
+	"image": "conanio/clang50",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang5"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang6/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 6",
+	"image": "conanio/clang60",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang6"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang7/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 7",
+	"image": "conanio/clang7",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang7"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang8/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 8",
+	"image": "conanio/clang8",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang8"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/clang9/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "Clang 9",
+	"image": "conanio/clang9",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-clang9"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc10/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 10",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc10",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc10"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc11/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 11",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc11",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc11"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc12/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+FROM ubuntu:22.04
+
+RUN apt-get update
+RUN apt-get install -y cmake git g++-12

.devcontainer/gcc12/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 12",
+	"build": {
+		"dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+	},
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc12"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc48/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 4.8",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc48",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc48"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
+				"josetr.cmake-language-support-vscode",
+				"ms-vscode.cpptools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc5/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 5",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc5",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc5"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc6/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 6",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc6",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc6"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc7/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 7",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc7",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc7"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc8/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 8",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc8",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc8"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.devcontainer/gcc9/devcontainer.json

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+{
+	"name": "GCC 9",
+	"image": "conanio/gcc9",
+	"runArgs": [
+		"--name=ArduinoJson-gcc9"
+	],
+	"customizations": {
+		"vscode": {
+			"extensions": [
+				"ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+			],
+			"settings": {
+				"cmake.generator": "Unix Makefiles",
+				"cmake.buildDirectory": "/tmp/build"
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

.gitattributes

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
-*.sh text eol=lf
+* text=auto
+*.sh text eol=lf

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+github: bblanchon
+custom:
+  - https://arduinojson.org/book/
+  - https://donate.benoitblanchon.fr/

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+name: 🐛 Bug report
+about: Report a bug in ArduinoJson
+title: ''
+labels: 'bug'
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+<!-- ⚠️ IMPORTANT ⚠️
+Before opening a bug report, please use the ArduinoJson Troubleshooter as it may find a solution to your issue; if not, please include the  Troubleshooter's report in the description.
+-->
+
+**Describe the bug**  
+A clear and concise description of what the bug is.
+
+**Troubleshooter report**  
+Here is the report generated by the [ArduinoJson Troubleshooter](https://arduinojson.org/v7/troubleshooter/):  
+[Paste the report here]
+
+**Environment**  
+Here is the environment that I used:
+* Microcontroller: [e.g. ESP8266]
+* Core/runtime: [e.g. ESP8266 core for Arduino v3.0.2]
+* IDE: [e.g. Arduino IDE 1.8.16]
+
+**Reproduction**  
+Here is a small snippet that reproduces the issue.
+
+```c++
+JsonDocument doc;
+
+DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, "{\"hello\":\"world\"}");
+
+[insert repro code here]
+```
+
+**Compiler output**    
+If relevant, include the complete compiler output (i.e. not just the line that contains the error.)
+
+
+**Program output**  
+If relevant, include the repro program output.
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+[insert expected output here]
+```
+
+Actual output:
+
+```
+[insert actual output here]
+```

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: true
+contact_links:
+  - name: 👨‍🏫 ArduinoJson Assistant
+    url: https://arduinojson.org/v7/assistant/
+    about: An online tool that computes memory requirements and generates scaffolding code for your project.
+  - name: 👨‍⚕️ ArduinoJson Troubleshooter
+    url: https://arduinojson.org/v7/troubleshooter/
+    about: An online tool that helps you diagnose the most common issues with ArduinoJson.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+name: 💡 Feature request
+about: Suggest an idea for ArduinoJson
+title: ''
+labels: enhancement
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.**  
+A clear and concise description of what the problem is. Ex. I'm always frustrated when [...]
+
+**Describe the solution you'd like**  
+A clear and concise description of what you want to happen.
+
+**Describe alternatives you've considered**  
+A clear and concise description of any alternative solutions or features you've considered.
+
+**Additional context**  
+Add any other context or screenshots about the feature request here.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/help.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+---
+name: 😭 Help!
+about: Ask for help
+title: ''
+labels: 'question'
+assignees: ''
+---
+
+<!-- ⚠️ IMPORTANT ⚠️
+Before asking for help, please use the ArduinoJson Troubleshooter as it may find a solution to your issue; if not, please include the  Troubleshooter's report in the description.
+-->
+
+**Describe the issue**  
+A clear and concise description of what you're trying to do.
+You don't need to explain every aspect of your project: focus on the problem you're having.
+
+**Troubleshooter report**  
+Here is the report generated by the [ArduinoJson Troubleshooter](https://arduinojson.org/v7/troubleshooter/):  
+[Paste the report here]
+
+**Environment**  
+Here is the environment that I'm using':
+* Microconroller: [e.g. ESP8266]
+* Core/runtime: [e.g. ESP8266 core for Arduino v3.0.2]
+* IDE: [e.g. Arduino IDE 1.8.16]
+
+**Reproduction**  
+Here is a small snippet that demonstrate the problem.
+
+```c++
+JsonDocument doc;
+
+DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, "{\"hello\":\"world\"}");
+
+// insert code here
+```
+
+**Program output**  
+If relevant, include the program output.
+
+Expected output:
+
+```
+[insert expected output here]
+```
+
+Actual output:
+
+```
+[insert actual output here]
+```

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,601 @@
+name: Continuous Integration
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  lint:
+    name: Lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y clang-format
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Symlinks
+        run: find * -type l -printf "::error::%p is a symlink. This is forbidden by the Arduino Library Specification." -exec false {} +
+      - name: Clang-format
+        run: |
+          find src/ extras/ -name '*.[ch]pp' | xargs clang-format -i --verbose --style=file
+          git diff --exit-code
+      - name: Check URLs
+        run: |
+          grep -hREo "(http|https)://[a-zA-Z0-9./?=_%:-]*" src/ | sort -u | while read -r URL
+          do
+            STATUS=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -I -w "%{http_code}" "$URL")
+            [ "$STATUS" -ge 400 ] && echo "::warning title=HTTP $STATUS::$URL returned $STATUS"
+          done || true
+
+  gcc:
+    name: GCC
+    needs: lint
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - gcc: "4.8"
+          - gcc: "5"
+          - gcc: "6"
+          - gcc: "7"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=leak -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+          - gcc: "8"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+          - gcc: "9"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=address -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+          - gcc: "10"
+            cxxflags: -funsigned-char # Issue #1715
+          - gcc: "11"
+          - gcc: "12"
+    steps:
+      - name: Workaround for actions/runner-images#9491
+        run: sudo sysctl vm.mmap_rnd_bits=28
+
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 40976EAF437D05B5 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ xenial main universe'
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ bionic main universe'
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main universe'
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y gcc-${{ matrix.gcc }} g++-${{ matrix.gcc }}
+        timeout-minutes: 5
+
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        timeout-minutes: 1
+
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+        env:
+          CC: gcc-${{ matrix.gcc }}
+          CXX: g++-${{ matrix.gcc }}
+          CXXFLAGS: ${{ matrix.cxxflags }}
+        timeout-minutes: 1
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build .
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+        env:
+          UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1
+        timeout-minutes: 2
+
+  clang:
+    name: Clang
+    needs: lint
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - clang: "7"
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+            archive: focal
+          - clang: "8"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=leak -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+            archive: focal
+          - clang: "9"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+            archive: focal
+          - clang: "10"
+            cxxflags: -fsanitize=address -fno-sanitize-recover=all
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+            archive: focal
+          - clang: "11"
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+          - clang: "12"
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+          - clang: "13"
+            runner: ubuntu-22.04
+          - clang: 14
+          - clang: 15
+          - clang: 16
+          - clang: 17
+          - clang: 18
+          - clang: 19
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner || 'ubuntu-latest' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Add archive repositories
+        if: matrix.archive
+        run: |
+          sudo gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
+          sudo gpg --export 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32 | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ubuntu-keyring.gpg > /dev/null
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ ${{ matrix.archive }} main'
+          sudo add-apt-repository -yn 'deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ ${{ matrix.archive }} universe'
+      - name: Install Clang ${{ matrix.clang }}
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y clang-${{ matrix.clang }}
+      - name: Install libc++ ${{ matrix.clang }}
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libc++-${{ matrix.clang }}-dev libc++abi-${{ matrix.clang }}-dev
+      - name: Install libunwind ${{ matrix.clang }}
+        if: matrix.clang == 12 # dependency is missing in Ubuntu 22.04
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y libunwind-${{ matrix.clang }}-dev
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+        env:
+          CC: clang-${{ matrix.clang }}
+          CXX: clang++-${{ matrix.clang }}
+          CXXFLAGS: >-
+            ${{ matrix.cxxflags }}
+            ${{ matrix.clang < 11 && '-I/usr/lib/llvm-10/include/c++/v1/' || '' }}
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build .
+      - name: Test
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+        env:
+          UBSAN_OPTIONS: print_stacktrace=1
+
+  conf_test:
+    name: Test configuration on Linux
+    needs: [gcc, clang]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y g++-multilib gcc-avr avr-libc
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: AVR
+        run: avr-g++ -std=c++11 -Isrc extras/conf_test/avr.cpp
+      - name: GCC 32-bit
+        run: g++ -std=c++11 -m32 -Isrc extras/conf_test/x86.cpp
+      - name: GCC 64-bit
+        run: g++ -std=c++11 -m64 -Isrc extras/conf_test/x64.cpp
+      - name: Clang 32-bit
+        run: clang++ -std=c++11 -m32 -Isrc extras/conf_test/x86.cpp
+      - name: Clang 64-bit
+        run: clang++ -std=c++11 -m64 -Isrc extras/conf_test/x64.cpp
+
+  conf_test_windows:
+    name: Test configuration on Windows
+    runs-on: windows-2019
+    needs: [gcc, clang]
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: 32-bit
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars32.bat"
+          cl /Isrc extras/conf_test/x86.cpp
+        shell: cmd
+      - name: 64-bit
+        run: |
+          call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
+          cl /Isrc extras/conf_test/x64.cpp
+        shell: cmd
+
+  xcode:
+    name: XCode
+    needs: clang
+    runs-on: macos-13
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - xcode: "14.1"
+          - xcode: "14.2"
+          - xcode: "14.3.1"
+          - xcode: "15.0.1"
+          - xcode: "15.1"
+          - xcode: "15.2"
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Select XCode version
+        run: sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode_${{ matrix.xcode }}.app
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build .
+      - name: Test
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+
+  # DISABLED: Running on AppVeyor instead because it supports older versions of the compiler
+  # msvc:
+  #   name: Visual Studio
+  #   strategy:
+  #     fail-fast: false
+  #     matrix:
+  #       include:
+  #         - os: windows-2016
+  #         - os: windows-2019
+  #   runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+  #   steps:
+  #     - name: Checkout
+  #       uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  #     - name: Configure
+  #       run: cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+  #     - name: Build
+  #       run: cmake --build .
+  #     - name: Test
+  #       run: ctest --output-on-failure -C Debug .
+
+  arduino:
+    name: Arduino
+    needs: gcc
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - core: arduino:avr
+            board: arduino:avr:uno
+          - core: arduino:samd
+            board: arduino:samd:mkr1000
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install arduino-cli
+        run: curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/arduino/arduino-cli/master/install.sh | BINDIR=/usr/local/bin sh
+      - name: Install core
+        run: arduino-cli core install ${{ matrix.core }}
+      - name: Install libraries
+        run: arduino-cli lib install SD Ethernet
+      - name: Build JsonConfigFile
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonConfigFile/JsonConfigFile.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonFilterExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonFilterExample/JsonFilterExample.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonGeneratorExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonGeneratorExample/JsonGeneratorExample.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonHttpClient
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonHttpClient/JsonHttpClient.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonParserExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonParserExample/JsonParserExample.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonServer
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonServer/JsonServer.ino"
+      - name: Build JsonUdpBeacon
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/JsonUdpBeacon/JsonUdpBeacon.ino"
+      - name: Build MsgPackParser
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/MsgPackParser/MsgPackParser.ino"
+      - name: Build ProgmemExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/ProgmemExample/ProgmemExample.ino"
+      - name: Build StringExample
+        run: arduino-cli compile --library . --warnings all -b ${{ matrix.board }} "examples/StringExample/StringExample.ino"
+
+  platformio:
+    name: PlatformIO
+    needs: gcc
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - platform: atmelavr
+            board: leonardo
+            libraries:
+              - SD
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: avr
+          - platform: espressif8266
+            board: huzzah
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: espressif32
+            board: esp32dev
+            libraries:
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: atmelsam
+            board: mkr1000USB
+            libraries:
+              - SD
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: teensy
+            board: teensy31
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: ststm32
+            board: adafruit_feather_f405
+            libraries:
+              - SD
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: esp8266
+          - platform: nordicnrf52
+            board: adafruit_feather_nrf52840
+            libraries:
+              - SD
+              - Ethernet
+            conf_test: esp8266
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Set up cache for pip
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.cache/pip
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-pip
+      - name: Set up Python 3.x
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+      - name: Install PlatformIO
+        run: pip install platformio
+      - name: Install adafruit-nrfutil
+        if: ${{ matrix.platform == 'nordicnrf52' }}
+        run: pip install adafruit-nrfutil
+      - name: Include Adafruit_TinyUSB.h # https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_nRF52_Arduino/issues/653
+        if: ${{ matrix.platform == 'nordicnrf52' }}
+        run: find examples/ -name '*.ino' -exec sed -i 's/\(#include <ArduinoJson.h>\)/\1\n#include <Adafruit_TinyUSB.h>/' {} +
+      - name: Set up cache for platformio
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.platformio
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-platformio-${{ matrix.platform }}
+      - name: Install platform "${{ matrix.platform }}"
+        run: platformio platform install ${{ matrix.platform }}
+      - name: Install libraries
+        if: ${{ matrix.libraries }}
+        run: platformio lib install arduino-libraries/${{ join(matrix.libraries, ' arduino-libraries/') }}
+      - name: Test configuration
+        run: platformio ci "extras/conf_test/${{ matrix.conf_test }}.cpp" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.conf_test }}
+      - name: Build JsonConfigFile
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonConfigFile/JsonConfigFile.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonFilterExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonFilterExample/JsonFilterExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonGeneratorExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonGeneratorExample/JsonGeneratorExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonHttpClient
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonHttpClient/JsonHttpClient.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonParserExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonParserExample/JsonParserExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonServer
+        if: ${{ matrix.platform != 'espressif32' }}
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonServer/JsonServer.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build JsonUdpBeacon
+        run: platformio ci "examples/JsonUdpBeacon/JsonUdpBeacon.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build MsgPackParser
+        run: platformio ci "examples/MsgPackParser/MsgPackParser.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build ProgmemExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/ProgmemExample/ProgmemExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: Build StringExample
+        run: platformio ci "examples/StringExample/StringExample.ino" -l '.' -b ${{ matrix.board }}
+      - name: PlatformIO prune
+        if: ${{ always() }}
+        run: platformio system prune -f
+
+  particle:
+    name: Particle
+    needs: gcc
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name == 'push'
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - board: argon
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Install Particle CLI
+        run: sudo npm install -g particle-cli
+      - name: Login to Particle
+        run: particle login -t "${{ secrets.PARTICLE_TOKEN }}"
+      - name: Compile
+        run: extras/ci/particle.sh ${{ matrix.board }}
+
+  arm:
+    name: GCC for ARM processor
+    needs: gcc
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y g++-arm-linux-gnueabihf
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake .
+        env:
+          CC: arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
+          CXX: arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
+      - name: Build
+        run: cmake --build .
+
+  coverage:
+    needs: gcc
+    name: Coverage
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y lcov ninja-build
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -DCOVERAGE=true .
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja
+      - name: Test
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -LE 'WillFail|Fuzzing' -T test
+      - name: lcov --capture
+        run: lcov --capture --no-external --directory . --output-file coverage.info
+      - name: lcov --remove
+        run: lcov --remove coverage.info "$(pwd)/extras/*" --output-file coverage_filtered.info
+      - name: genhtml
+        run: mkdir coverage && genhtml coverage_filtered.info -o coverage -t ArduinoJson
+      - name: Upload HTML report
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Coverage report
+          path: coverage
+      - name: Upload to Coveralls
+        uses: coverallsapp/github-action@v2
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          path-to-lcov: coverage_filtered.info
+
+  valgrind:
+    needs: gcc
+    name: Valgrind
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y valgrind ninja-build
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -D MEMORYCHECK_COMMAND_OPTIONS="--error-exitcode=1 --leak-check=full"  .
+      - name: Build
+        run: ninja
+      - name: Memcheck
+        run: ctest --output-on-failure -LE WillFail -T memcheck
+        id: memcheck
+      - name: MemoryChecker.*.log
+        run: cat Testing/Temporary/MemoryChecker.*.log > $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+        if: failure()
+
+  clang-tidy:
+    needs: clang
+    name: Clang-Tidy
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: sudo apt-get install -y clang-tidy libc++-dev libc++abi-dev
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Configure
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -DCMAKE_CXX_CLANG_TIDY="clang-tidy;--warnings-as-errors=*" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+        env:
+          CC: clang
+          CXX: clang++
+      - name: Check
+        run: cmake --build . -- -k 0
+
+  amalgamate:
+    needs: gcc
+    name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.h
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Setup
+        run: |
+          if [[ $GITHUB_REF == refs/tags/* ]]; then
+            VERSION=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
+          else
+            VERSION=${GITHUB_SHA::7}
+          fi
+          echo "ARDUINOJSON_H=ArduinoJson-$VERSION.h" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "ARDUINOJSON_HPP=ArduinoJson-$VERSION.hpp" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.h
+        run: extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh "src/ArduinoJson.h" "$ARDUINOJSON_H"
+      - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.hpp
+        run: extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh "src/ArduinoJson.hpp" "$ARDUINOJSON_HPP"
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Single headers
+          path: |
+            ${{ env.ARDUINOJSON_H }}
+            ${{ env.ARDUINOJSON_HPP }}
+      - name: Smoke test ArduinoJson.h
+        run: |
+          g++ -x c++ - <<END
+          #include "$ARDUINOJSON_H"
+          int main() {
+            JsonDocument doc;
+            deserializeJson(doc, "{}");
+          }
+          END
+      - name: Smoke test ArduinoJson.hpp
+        run: |
+          g++ -x c++ - <<END
+          #include "$ARDUINOJSON_HPP"
+          int main() {
+            ArduinoJson::JsonDocument doc;
+            deserializeJson(doc, "{}");
+          }
+          END
+
+  esp-idf:
+    needs: gcc
+    name: ESP-IDF
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Setup cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        with:
+          path: ~/.espressif
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-esp-idf
+      - name: Checkout ArduinoJson
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout ESP-IDF
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          repository: espressif/esp-idf
+          path: esp-idf
+          submodules: true
+      - name: Install ESP-IDF
+        run: ./esp-idf/install.sh
+      - name: Add component
+        # NOTE: we cannot commit the symlink because the Arduino Library Specification forbids it.
+        run: |
+          mkdir -p extras/ci/espidf/components
+          ln -s $PWD extras/ci/espidf/components/ArduinoJson
+      - name: Build example
+        run: |
+          source esp-idf/export.sh
+          cd extras/ci/espidf
+          idf.py build
+
+  codeql:
+    name: CodeQL
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    needs: gcc
+
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Initialize CodeQL
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
+        with:
+          languages: cpp
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug .
+          cmake --build .
+
+      - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
+        with:
+          category: "/language:cpp"

.github/workflows/lock.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: Lock Threads
+
+on:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+
+jobs:
+  lock:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v5
+        with:
+          github-token: ${{ github.token }}
+          issue-inactive-days: 30

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - v*.*.*
+
+jobs:
+  release:
+    name: Create release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    steps:
+      - name: Set variables
+        id: init
+        run: |
+          echo "tag=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "version=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Write release body
+        id: body
+        run: |
+          FILENAME=RELEASE.md
+          tee $FILENAME <<END
+          ## Changes
+
+          $(extras/scripts/extract_changes.awk CHANGELOG.md)
+
+          [View version history](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/blob/${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }}/CHANGELOG.md)
+          END
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.h
+        id: amalgamate_h
+        run: |
+          FILENAME=ArduinoJson-${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }}.h
+          extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh src/ArduinoJson.h "$FILENAME"
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Amalgamate ArduinoJson.hpp
+        id: amalgamate_hpp
+        run: |
+          FILENAME=ArduinoJson-${{ steps.init.outputs.tag }}.hpp
+          extras/scripts/build-single-header.sh src/ArduinoJson.hpp "$FILENAME"
+          echo "filename=$FILENAME" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Create release
+        uses: ncipollo/release-action@v1
+        with:
+          bodyFile: ${{ steps.body.outputs.filename }}
+          name: ArduinoJson ${{ steps.init.outputs.version }}
+          artifacts: ${{ steps.amalgamate_h.outputs.filename }},${{ steps.amalgamate_hpp.outputs.filename }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+  idf:
+    name: IDF Component Registry
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Upload component to the component registry
+        uses: espressif/upload-components-ci-action@v1
+        with:
+          name: ArduinoJson
+          namespace: bblanchon
+          api_token: ${{ secrets.IDF_COMPONENT_API_TOKEN }}
+
+  particle:
+    name: Particle
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Install
+        run: npm install -g particle-cli
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Login
+        run: particle login --token ${{ secrets.PARTICLE_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Publish
+        run: bash -eux extras/scripts/publish-particle-library.sh
+
+  platformio:
+    name: PlatformIO
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Set up Python 3.x
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.x"
+      - name: Install PlatformIO
+        run: pip install platformio
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Publish
+        run: pio pkg publish --no-interactive --no-notify
+        env:
+          PLATFORMIO_AUTH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PLATFORMIO_AUTH_TOKEN }}

.gitignore

@@ -4,3 +4,17 @@
 /bin
 /lib
 /sftp-config.json
+.tags
+.tags_sorted_by_file
+/extras/fuzzing/*_fuzzer
+/extras/fuzzing/*_fuzzer.options
+/extras/fuzzing/*_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip
+.vs/
+/out/
+
+# Used by CI for Particle
+/src/*.ino
+/project.properties
+
+# Used by IDF
+/dist/

.mbedignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+.devcontainer/
+.github/
+examples/
+extras/

.prettierignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.md

.travis.yml

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-language: c++
-compiler:
-  - gcc
-  - clang
-before_install:
-  - "/sbin/start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile /tmp/custom_xvfb_1.pid --make-pidfile --background --exec /usr/bin/Xvfb -- :1 -ac -screen 0 1280x1024x16"
-  - sleep 3
-  - export DISPLAY=:1.0
-  - wget http://downloads.arduino.cc/arduino-1.6.5-linux64.tar.xz
-  - tar xf arduino-1.6.5-linux64.tar.xz
-  - sudo mv arduino-1.6.5 /usr/local/share/arduino
-  - sudo ln -s /usr/local/share/arduino/arduino /usr/local/bin/arduino
-  - sudo ln -s $PWD /usr/local/share/arduino/libraries/ArduinoJson
-  - sudo pip install cpp-coveralls
-script:
-  - cmake -DCOVERAGE=true . && make && make test
-  - arduino --verify --board arduino:avr:uno $PWD/examples/JsonParserExample/JsonParserExample.ino
-  - arduino --verify --board arduino:avr:uno $PWD/examples/JsonGeneratorExample/JsonGeneratorExample.ino
-after_success:
-    - if [ "$CC" = "gcc" ]; then coveralls --exclude third-party --gcov-options '\-lp'; fi

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "C_Cpp.default.configurationProvider": "ms-vscode.cmake-tools",
+  "git.inputValidationLength": 80,
+  "git.inputValidationSubjectLength": 72,
+  "files.insertFinalNewline": true,
+  "files.trimFinalNewlines": true,
+  "search.exclude": {
+    "/extras/tests/catch/*": true
+  },
+  "C_Cpp.default.includePath": [
+    "/src"
+  ],
+  "[cmake]": {
+    "editor.detectIndentation": false,
+    "editor.insertSpaces": false,
+  }
+}

ArduinoJson.h

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#include "src/ArduinoJson.h"

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,180 +1,287 @@
 ArduinoJson: change log
 =======================
 
-v5.0.1
+HEAD
+----
+
+* Optimize storage of static strings
+
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+>
+> Static string cannot contain NUL characters anymore (they could since 7.3.0).
+> This is an extremely rare case, so you probably won't be affected.
+>
+> For example, the following code produces different output in 7.3 and 7.4:
+>
+> ```cpp
+> JsonDocument doc;
+> doc["a\0b"] = "c\0d";
+> serializeJson(doc, Serial);
+> // With Arduino 7.3 -> {"a\u0000b":"c\u0000d"}
+> // With Arduino 7.4 -> {"a":"c"}
+> ```
+>
+> `JsonString` contructor now only accepts two arguments, not three.
+> If your code uses `JsonString` to store a string as a pointer, you must remove the size argument.
+>
+> For example, if you have something like this:
+>
+> ```cpp
+> doc["key"] = JsonString(str.c_str(), str.size(), true);
+> ```
+>
+> You must replace with either:
+>
+> ```cpp
+> doc["key"] = JsonString(str.c_str(), true);  // store as pointer, cannot contain NUL characters
+> doc["key"] = JsonString(str.c_str(), str.size()); // store by copy, NUL characters allowed
+> doc["key"] = str; // same as previous line for supported string classes (`String`, `std::string`, etc.)
+> ```
+
+v7.4.1 (2025-04-11)
 ------
 
-* Fixed compilation with Arduino 1.0.6 (issue #99)
+* Fix crash with tiny Flash strings (issue #2170)
 
-v5.0.0
+v7.4.0 (2025-04-09)
 ------
 
-* Added support of `String` class (issues #55, #56, #70, #77)
-* Added `JsonBuffer::strdup()` to make a copy of a string (issues #10, #57)
-* Implicitly call `strdup()` for `String` but not for `char*` (issues #84, #87)
-* Added support of non standard JSON input (issue #44)
-* Added support of comments in JSON input (issue #88)
-* Added implicit cast between numerical types (issues #64, #69, #93)
-* Added ability to read number values as string (issue #90)
-* Redesigned `JsonVariant` to leverage converting constructors instead of assignment operators (issue #66)
-* Switched to new the library layout (requires Arduino 1.0.6 or above)
+* Optimize storage of tiny strings (up to 3 characters)
+* Fix support for `const char[]` (issue #2166)
 
-**BREAKING CHANGES**:
-- `JsonObject::add()` was renamed to `set()`
-- `JsonArray::at()` and `JsonObject::at()` were renamed to `get()`
-- Number of digits of floating point value are now set with `double_with_n_digits()`
+v7.3.1 (2025-02-27)
+------
 
-**Personal note about the `String` class**:
-Support of the `String` class has been added to the library because many people use it in their programs.
-However, you should not see this as an invitation to use the `String` class.
-The `String` class is **bad** because it uses dynamic memory allocation.
-Compared to static allocation, it compiles to a bigger, slower program, and is less predictable.
-You certainly don't want that in an embedded environment!
+* Fix conversion from static string to number
+* Slightly reduce code size
 
-v4.6
-----
+v7.3.0 (2024-12-29)
+------
 
-* Fixed segmentation fault in `DynamicJsonBuffer` when memory allocation fails (issue #92)
+* Fix support for NUL characters in `deserializeJson()`
+* Make `ElementProxy` and `MemberProxy` non-copyable
+* Change string copy policy: only string literal are stored by pointer
+* `JsonString` is now stored by copy, unless specified otherwise
+* Replace undocumented `JsonString::Ownership` with `bool`
+* Rename undocumented `JsonString::isLinked()` to `isStatic()`
+* Move public facing SFINAEs to template declarations
 
-v4.5
-----
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+>
+> In previous versions, `MemberProxy` (the class returned by `operator[]`) could lead to dangling pointers when used with a temporary string.
+> To prevent this issue, `MemberProxy` and `ElementProxy` are now non-copyable.
+>
+> Your code is likely to be affected if you use `auto` to store the result of `operator[]`. For example, the following line won't compile anymore:
+>
+> ```cpp
+> auto value = doc["key"];
+> ```
+>
+> To fix the issue, you must append either `.as<T>()` or `.to<T>()`, depending on the situation.
+>
+> For example, if you are extracting values from a JSON document, you should update like this:
+>
+> ```diff
+> - auto config = doc["config"];
+> + auto config = doc["config"].as<JsonObject>();
+> const char* name = config["name"];
+> ```
+>
+> However, if you are building a JSON document, you should update like this:
+>
+> ```diff
+> - auto config = doc["config"];
+> + auto config = doc["config"].to<JsonObject>();
+> config["name"] = "ArduinoJson";
+> ```
 
-* Fixed buffer overflow when input contains a backslash followed by a terminator (issue #81)
+v7.2.1 (2024-11-15)
+------
 
-**Upgrading is recommended** since previous versions contain a potential security risk.
+* Forbid `deserializeJson(JsonArray|JsonObject, ...)` (issue #2135)
+* Fix VLA support in `JsonDocument::set()`
+* Fix `operator[](variant)` ignoring NUL characters
 
-Special thanks to [Giancarlo Canales Barreto](https://github.com/gcanalesb) for finding this nasty bug.
+v7.2.0 (2024-09-18)
+------
 
-v4.4
-----
+* Store object members with two slots: one for the key and one for the value
+* Store 64-bit numbers (`double` and `long long`) in an additional slot
+* Reduce the slot size (see table below)
+* Improve message when user forgets third arg of `serializeJson()` et al.
+* Set `ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE` to `0` by default on 8-bit architectures
+* Deprecate `containsKey()` in favor of `doc["key"].is<T>()`
+* Add support for escape sequence `\'` (issue #2124)
 
-* Added `JsonArray::measureLength()` and `JsonObject::measureLength()` (issue #75)
+| Architecture | before   | after    |
+|--------------|----------|----------|
+| 8-bit        | 8 bytes  | 6 bytes  |
+| 32-bit       | 16 bytes | 8 bytes  |
+| 64-bit       | 24 bytes | 16 bytes |
 
-v4.3
-----
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+>
+> After being on the death row for years, the `containsKey()` method has finally been deprecated.
+> You should replace `doc.containsKey("key")` with `doc["key"].is<T>()`, which not only checks that the key exists but also that the value is of the expected type.
+>
+> ```cpp
+> // Before
+> if (doc.containsKey("value")) {
+>   int value = doc["value"];
+>   // ...
+> }
+>
+> // After
+> if (doc["value"].is<int>()) {
+>   int value = doc["value"];
+>   // ...
+> }
+> ```
 
-* Added `JsonArray::removeAt()` to remove an element of an array (issue #58)
-* Fixed stack-overflow in `DynamicJsonBuffer` when parsing huge JSON files (issue #65)
-* Fixed wrong return value of `parseArray()` and `parseObject()` when allocation fails (issue #68)
+v7.1.0 (2024-06-27)
+------
 
-v4.2
-----
+* Add `ARDUINOJSON_STRING_LENGTH_SIZE` to the namespace name
+* Add support for MsgPack binary (PR #2078 by @Sanae6)
+* Add support for MsgPack extension
+* Make string support even more generic (PR #2084 by @d-a-v)
+* Optimize `deserializeMsgPack()`
+* Allow using a `JsonVariant` as a key or index (issue #2080)
+  Note: works only for reading, not for writing
+* Support `ElementProxy` and `MemberProxy` in `JsonDocument`'s constructor
+* Don't add partial objects when allocation fails (issue #2081)
+* Read MsgPack's 64-bit integers even if `ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG` is `0`
+  (they are set to `null` if they don't fit in a `long`)
 
-* Switched back to old library layout (issues #39, #43 and #45)
-* Removed global new operator overload (issue #40, #45 and #46)
-* Added an example with EthernetServer
+v7.0.4 (2024-03-12)
+------
 
-v4.1
-----
+* Make `JSON_STRING_SIZE(N)` return `N+1` to fix third-party code (issue #2054)
 
-* Added DynamicJsonBuffer (issue #19)
+v7.0.3 (2024-02-05)
+------
 
-v4.0
-----
+* Improve error messages when using `char` or `char*` (issue #2043)
+* Reduce stack consumption (issue #2046)
+* Fix compatibility with GCC 4.8 (issue #2045)
 
-* Unified parser and generator API (issue #23)
-* Updated library layout, now requires Arduino 1.0.6 or newer
+v7.0.2 (2024-01-19)
+------
 
-**BREAKING CHANGE**: API changed significantly, see [Migrating code to the new API](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/wiki/Migrating-code-to-the-new-API).
+* Fix assertion `poolIndex < count_` after `JsonDocument::clear()` (issue #2034)
 
+v7.0.1 (2024-01-10)
+------
 
-v3.4
-----
+* Fix "no matching function" with `JsonObjectConst::operator[]` (issue #2019)
+* Remove unused files in the PlatformIO package
+* Fix `volatile bool` serialized as `1` or `0` instead of `true` or `false` (issue #2029)
 
-* Fixed escaped char parsing (issue #16)
+v7.0.0 (2024-01-03)
+------
 
+* Remove `BasicJsonDocument`
+* Remove `StaticJsonDocument`
+* Add abstract `Allocator` class
+* Merge `DynamicJsonDocument` with `JsonDocument`
+* Remove `JSON_ARRAY_SIZE()`, `JSON_OBJECT_SIZE()`, and `JSON_STRING_SIZE()`
+* Remove `ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STRING_DEDUPLICATION` (string deduplication cannot be disabled anymore)
+* Remove `JsonDocument::capacity()`
+* Store the strings in the heap
+* Reference-count shared strings
+* Always store `serialized("string")` by copy (#1915)
+* Remove the zero-copy mode of `deserializeJson()` and `deserializeMsgPack()`
+* Fix double lookup in `to<JsonVariant>()`
+* Fix double call to `size()` in `serializeMsgPack()`
+* Include `ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_OFFSET_SIZE` in the namespace name
+* Remove `JsonVariant::shallowCopy()`
+* `JsonDocument`'s capacity grows as needed, no need to pass it to the constructor anymore
+* `JsonDocument`'s allocator is not monotonic anymore, removed values get recycled
+* Show a link to the documentation when user passes an unsupported input type
+* Remove `JsonDocument::memoryUsage()`
+* Remove `JsonDocument::garbageCollect()`
+* Add `deserializeJson(JsonVariant, ...)` and `deserializeMsgPack(JsonVariant, ...)` (#1226)
+* Call `shrinkToFit()` in `deserializeJson()` and `deserializeMsgPack()`
+* `serializeJson()` and `serializeMsgPack()` replace the content of `std::string` and `String` instead of appending to it
+* Replace `add()` with `add<T>()` (`add(T)` is still supported)
+* Remove `createNestedArray()` and `createNestedObject()` (use `to<JsonArray>()` and `to<JsonObject>()` instead)
 
-v3.3
-----
-
-* Added indented output for the JSON generator (issue #11), see example bellow.
-* Added `IndentedPrint`, a decorator for `Print` to allow indented output
-
-Example:
-
-    JsonOject<2> json;
-    json["key"] = "value";
-    json.prettyPrintTo(Serial);
-
-v3.2
-----
-
-* Fixed a bug when adding nested object in `JsonArray` (bug introduced in v3.1).
-
-v3.1
-----
-
-* Calling `Generator::JsonObject::add()` twice with the same `key` now replaces the `value`
-* Added `Generator::JsonObject::operator[]`, see bellow the new API
-* Added `Generator::JsonObject::remove()` (issue #9)
-
-Old generator API:
-
-	JsonObject<3> root; 
-    root.add("sensor", "gps");
-    root.add("time", 1351824120);
-    root.add("data", array);
-
-New generator API:
-
-	JsonObject<3> root; 
-    root["sensor"] = "gps";
-    root["time"] = 1351824120;
-    root["data"] = array;
-
-v3.0
-----
-
-* New parser API, see bellow
-* Renamed `JsonHashTable` into `JsonObject`
-* Added iterators for `JsonArray` and `JsonObject` (issue #4)
-
-Old parser API:
-
-    JsonHashTable root = parser.parseHashTable(json);
-
-	char*  sensor    = root.getString("sensor");
-	long   time      = root.getLong("time");
-	double latitude  = root.getArray("data").getDouble(0);
-    double longitude = root.getArray("data").getDouble(1);
-
-New parser API:
-
-	JsonObject root = parser.parse(json);
-
-	char*  sensor    = root["sensor"];
-    long   time      = root["time"];
-    double latitude  = root["data"][0];
-    double longitude = root["data"][1];
-
-v2.1
-----
-
-* Fixed case `#include "jsmn.cpp"` which caused an error in Linux (issue #6)
-* Fixed a buffer overrun in JSON Parser (issue #5)
-
-v2.0
-----
-
-* Added JSON encoding (issue #2)
-* Renamed the library `ArduinoJsonParser` becomes `ArduinoJson`
-
-**Breaking change**: you need to add the following line at the top of your program.
-
-	using namespace ArduinoJson::Parser;
-
-v1.2
-----
-
-* Fixed error in JSON parser example (issue #1)
-
-v1.1
-----
-
-* Example: changed `char* json` into `char[] json` so that the bytes are not write protected
-* Fixed parsing bug when the JSON contains multi-dimensional arrays
-
-v1.0 
-----
-
-Initial release
+> ### BREAKING CHANGES
+>
+> As every major release, ArduinoJson 7 introduces several breaking changes.
+> I added some stubs so that most existing programs should compile, but I highty recommend you upgrade your code.
+>
+> #### `JsonDocument`
+> 
+> In ArduinoJson 6, you could allocate the memory pool on the stack (with `StaticJsonDocument`) or in the heap (with `DynamicJsonDocument`).  
+> In ArduinoJson 7, the memory pool is always allocated in the heap, so `StaticJsonDocument` and `DynamicJsonDocument` have been merged into `JsonDocument`.
+>
+> In ArduinoJson 6, `JsonDocument` had a fixed capacity; in ArduinoJson 7, it has an elastic capacity that grows as needed.
+> Therefore, you don't need to specify the capacity anymore, so the macros `JSON_ARRAY_SIZE()`, `JSON_OBJECT_SIZE()`, and `JSON_STRING_SIZE()` have been removed.
+>
+> ```c++
+> // ArduinoJson 6
+> StaticJsonDocument<256> doc;
+> // or
+> DynamicJsonDocument doc(256);
+> 
+> // ArduinoJson 7
+> JsonDocument doc;
+> ```
+>
+> In ArduinoJson 7, `JsonDocument` reuses released memory, so `garbageCollect()` has been removed.  
+> `shrinkToFit()` is still available and releases the over-allocated memory.
+>
+> Due to a change in the implementation, it's not possible to store a pointer to a variant from another `JsonDocument`, so `shallowCopy()` has been removed.
+> 
+> In ArduinoJson 6, the meaning of `memoryUsage()` was clear: it returned the number of bytes used in the memory pool.  
+> In ArduinoJson 7, the meaning of `memoryUsage()` would be ambiguous, so it has been removed.
+>
+> #### Custom allocators
+>
+> In ArduinoJson 6, you could specify a custom allocator class as a template parameter of `BasicJsonDocument`.  
+> In ArduinoJson 7, you must inherit from `ArduinoJson::Allocator` and pass a pointer to an instance of your class to the constructor of `JsonDocument`.
+>
+> ```c++
+> // ArduinoJson 6
+> class MyAllocator {
+>   // ...
+> };
+> BasicJsonDocument<MyAllocator> doc(256);
+>
+> // ArduinoJson 7
+> class MyAllocator : public ArduinoJson::Allocator {
+>   // ...
+> };
+> MyAllocator myAllocator;
+> JsonDocument doc(&myAllocator);
+> ```
+>
+> #### `createNestedArray()` and `createNestedObject()`
+>
+> In ArduinoJson 6, you could create a nested array or object with `createNestedArray()` and `createNestedObject()`.  
+> In ArduinoJson 7, you must use `add<T>()` or `to<T>()` instead.
+>
+> For example, to create `[[],{}]`, you would write:
+>
+> ```c++
+> // ArduinoJson 6
+> arr.createNestedArray();
+> arr.createNestedObject();
+>
+> // ArduinoJson 7
+> arr.add<JsonArray>();
+> arr.add<JsonObject>();
+> ```
+>
+> And to create `{"array":[],"object":{}}`, you would write:
+>
+> ```c++
+> // ArduinoJson 6
+> obj.createNestedArray("array");
+> obj.createNestedObject("object");
+>
+> // ArduinoJson 7
+> obj["array"].to<JsonArray>();
+> obj["object"].to<JsonObject>();
+> ```

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,19 +1,25 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.4)
-project(ArduinoJson)
+# ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+# Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+# MIT License
 
-enable_testing()
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
 
-set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)
-set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)
-set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)
-
-if(MSVC)
-	add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS -W4)
+if(ESP_PLATFORM)
+	# Build ArduinoJson as an ESP-IDF component
+	idf_component_register(INCLUDE_DIRS src)
+	return()
 endif()
 
-if(${COVERAGE})
-	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-g -O0 -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage")
+project(ArduinoJson VERSION 7.4.1)
+
+if(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL PROJECT_NAME)
+	include(CTest)
 endif()
 
 add_subdirectory(src)
-add_subdirectory(test)
+
+if(CMAKE_PROJECT_NAME STREQUAL PROJECT_NAME AND BUILD_TESTING)
+	include(extras/CompileOptions.cmake)
+	add_subdirectory(extras/tests)
+	add_subdirectory(extras/fuzzing)
+endif()

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Contribution to ArduinoJson
+
+First, thank you for taking the time to contribute to this project.
+
+You can submit changes via GitHub Pull Requests.
+
+Please:
+
+1. Update the test suite for any change of behavior
+2. Use clang-format in "file" mode to format the code

LICENSE.txt

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-The MIT License (MIT)
----------------------
-
-Copyright © 2014-2015 Benoit BLANCHON
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+The MIT License (MIT)
+---------------------
+
+Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

README.md

@@ -1,83 +1,158 @@
-Arduino JSON library
-====================
-
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/bblanchon/ArduinoJson) [![Coverage Status](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/bblanchon/ArduinoJson.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=master)
-
-*An elegant and efficient JSON library for embedded systems.*
-
-It's design to have the most intuitive API, the smallest footprint and works without any allocation on the heap (no malloc).
-
-It has been written with Arduino in mind, but it isn't linked to Arduino libraries so you can use this library in any other C++ project.
-
-Features
---------
-
-* JSON decoding (comments are supported)
-* JSON encoding (with optional indentation)
-* Elegant API, very easy to use 
-* Efficient (no malloc, nor copy)
-* Portable (written in C++98)
-* Self-contained (no external dependency)
-* Small footprint
-* MIT License
-
-Quick start
------------
-
-#### Decoding / Parsing
-   
-    char json[] = "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
-
-    StaticJsonBuffer<200> jsonBuffer;
-
-    JsonObject& root = jsonBuffer.parseObject(json);
-
-    const char* sensor = root["sensor"];
-    long time          = root["time"];
-    double latitude    = root["data"][0];
-    double longitude   = root["data"][1];
-
-#### Encoding / Generating
-   
-    StaticJsonBuffer<200> jsonBuffer;
-
-    JsonObject& root = jsonBuffer.createObject();
-    root["sensor"] = "gps";
-    root["time"] = 1351824120;
-
-    JsonArray& data = root.createNestedArray("data");
-    data.add(48.756080, 6);  // 6 is the number of decimals to print
-    data.add(2.302038, 6);   // if not specified, 2 digits are printed
-
-    root.printTo(Serial);
-    // This prints:
-    // {"sensor":"gps","time":1351824120,"data":[48.756080,2.302038]}
-
-
-Documentation
--------------
-
-The documentation is available online in the [Arduino JSON wiki](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/wiki) 
-
-Testimonials
-------------
-
-From Arduino's Forum user `jflaplante`:
-> I tried aJson json-arduino before trying your library. I always ran into memory problem after a while. 
-> I have no such problem so far with your library. It is working perfectly with my web services.
-
-From Arduino's Forum user `gbathree`:
-> Thanks so much - this is an awesome library!  If you want to see what we're doing with it - the project is located at www.photosynq.org.
-
-From StackOverflow user `thegreendroid`:
-> It has a really elegant, simple API and it works like a charm on embedded and Windows/Linux platforms. We recently started using this on an embedded project and I can vouch for its quality.
-
-From GitHub user `zacsketches`:
-
-> Thanks for a great library!!!
-> I've been watching you consistently develop this library over the past six months, and I used it today for a publish and subscribe architecture designed to help hobbyists move into more advanced robotics. Your library allowed me to implement remote subscription in order to facilitate multi-processor robots.
-> ArduinoJson saved me a week's worth of time!!
+<p align="center">
+  <a href="https://arduinojson.org/"><img alt="ArduinoJson" src="https://arduinojson.org/images/logo.svg" width="200" /></a>
+</p>
 
 ---
 
-Found this library useful? Please star this project or [help me back with a donation!](https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_donations&business=donate%40benoitblanchon%2efr&lc=GB&item_name=Benoit%20Blanchon&item_number=Arduino%20JSON&currency_code=EUR&bn=PP%2dDonationsBF%3abtn_donate_LG%2egif%3aNonHosted) :smile:
+[![GitHub Workflow Status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/ci.yml?branch=7.x&logo=github)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Continuous+Integration%22+branch%3A7.x)
+[![Continuous Integration](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/m7s53wav1l0abssg/branch/7.x?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bblanchon/arduinojson/branch/7.x)
+[![Fuzzing Status](https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/arduinojson.svg)](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:arduinojson)
+[![Coveralls branch](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/7.x?logo=coveralls)](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=7.x)  
+[![GitHub stars](https://img.shields.io/github/stars/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?style=flat&logo=github&color=orange)](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/stargazers)
+[![GitHub Sponsors](https://img.shields.io/github/sponsors/bblanchon?logo=github&color=orange)](https://github.com/sponsors/bblanchon)
+
+ArduinoJson is a C++ JSON library for Arduino and IoT (Internet Of Things).
+
+## Features
+
+* [JSON deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/deserializejson/)
+    * [Optionally decodes UTF-16 escape sequences to UTF-8](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/decode_unicode/)
+    * [Optionally supports comments in the input](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_comments/)
+    * [Optionally filters the input to keep only desired values](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/deserializejson/#filtering)
+    * Supports single quotes as a string delimiter
+    * Compatible with [NDJSON](http://ndjson.org/) and [JSON Lines](https://jsonlines.org/)
+* [JSON serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/serializejson/)
+    * [Can write to a buffer or a stream](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/serializejson/)
+    * [Optionally indents the document (prettified JSON)](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/serializejsonpretty/)
+* [MessagePack serialization](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/msgpack/serializemsgpack/)
+* [MessagePack deserialization](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/msgpack/deserializemsgpack/)
+* Efficient
+    * [Twice smaller than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Almost 10% faster than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Consumes roughly 10% less RAM than the "official" Arduino_JSON library](https://arduinojson.org/2019/11/19/arduinojson-vs-arduino_json/)
+    * [Deduplicates strings](https://arduinojson.org/news/2020/08/01/version-6-16-0/)
+* Versatile
+    * Supports [custom allocators (to use external RAM chip, for example)](https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/use-external-ram-on-esp32/)
+    * Supports [`String`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_arduino_string/), [`std::string`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_std_string/), and [`std::string_view`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_string_view/)
+    * Supports [`Stream`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_arduino_stream/) and [`std::istream`/`std::ostream`](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_std_stream/)
+    * Supports [Flash strings](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/config/enable_progmem/)
+    * Supports [custom readers](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/deserializejson/#custom-reader) and [custom writers](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/json/serializejson/#custom-writer)
+    * Supports [custom converters](https://arduinojson.org/news/2021/05/04/version-6-18-0/)
+* Portable
+    * Usable on any C++ project (not limited to Arduino)
+    * Compatible with C++11, C++14 and C++17
+    * Support for C++98/C++03 available on [ArduinoJson 6.20.x](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/tree/6.20.x)
+    * Zero warnings with `-Wall -Wextra -pedantic` and `/W4`
+    * [Header-only library](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Header-only)
+    * Works with virtually any board
+        * Arduino boards: [Uno](https://amzn.to/38aL2ik), [Due](https://amzn.to/36YkWi2), [Micro](https://amzn.to/35WkdwG), [Nano](https://amzn.to/2QTvwRX), [Mega](https://amzn.to/36XWhuf), [Yun](https://amzn.to/30odURc), [Leonardo](https://amzn.to/36XWjlR)...
+        * Espressif chips: [ESP8266](https://amzn.to/36YluV8), [ESP32](https://amzn.to/2G4pRCB)
+        * Lolin (WeMos) boards: [D1 mini](https://amzn.to/2QUpz7q), [D1 Mini Pro](https://amzn.to/36UsGSs)...
+        * Teensy boards: [4.0](https://amzn.to/30ljXGq), [3.2](https://amzn.to/2FT0EuC), [2.0](https://amzn.to/2QXUMXj)
+        * Particle boards: [Argon](https://amzn.to/2FQHa9X), [Boron](https://amzn.to/36WgLUd), [Electron](https://amzn.to/30vEc4k), [Photon](https://amzn.to/387F9Cd)...
+        * Texas Instruments boards: [MSP430](https://amzn.to/30nJWgg)...
+        * Soft cores: [Nios II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nios_II)...
+    * Tested on all major development environments
+        * [Arduino IDE](https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software)
+        * [Atmel Studio](http://www.atmel.com/microsite/atmel-studio/)
+        * [Atollic TrueSTUDIO](https://atollic.com/truestudio/)
+        * [Energia](http://energia.nu/)
+        * [IAR Embedded Workbench](https://www.iar.com/iar-embedded-workbench/)
+        * [Keil uVision](http://www.keil.com/)
+        * [MPLAB X IDE](http://www.microchip.com/mplab/mplab-x-ide)
+        * [Particle](https://www.particle.io/)
+        * [PlatformIO](http://platformio.org/)
+        * [Sloeber plugin for Eclipse](https://eclipse.baeyens.it/)
+        * [Visual Micro](http://www.visualmicro.com/)
+        * [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com/)
+    * [Even works with online compilers like wandbox.org](https://wandbox.org/permlink/RlZSKy17DjJ6HcdN)
+    * [CMake friendly](https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/use-arduinojson-with-cmake/)
+* Well designed
+    * [Elegant API](http://arduinojson.org/v7/example/)
+    * [Thread-safe](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thread_safety)
+    * Self-contained (no external dependency)
+    * `const` friendly
+    * [`for` friendly](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/jsonobject/begin_end/)
+    * [TMP friendly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_metaprogramming)
+    * Handles [integer overflows](https://arduinojson.org/v7/api/jsonvariant/as/#integer-overflows)
+* Well tested
+    * [Unit test coverage close to 100%](https://coveralls.io/github/bblanchon/ArduinoJson?branch=7.x)
+    * Continuously tested on
+        * [Visual Studio 2017, 2019, 2022](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/bblanchon/arduinojson/branch/7.x)
+        * [GCC 4.8, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Continuous+Integration%22)
+        * [Clang 7 to 19](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/actions?query=workflow%3A%22Continuous+Integration%22)
+    * [Continuously fuzzed with Google OSS Fuzz](https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?sort=-opened&can=1&q=proj:arduinojson)
+    * Passes all default checks of [clang-tidy](https://releases.llvm.org/10.0.0/tools/clang/tools/extra/docs/clang-tidy/)
+* Well documented
+    * [Tutorials](https://arduinojson.org/v7/doc/deserialization/)
+    * [Examples](https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/)
+    * [How-tos](https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/)
+    * [FAQ](https://arduinojson.org/v7/faq/)
+    * [Troubleshooter](https://arduinojson.org/v7/troubleshooter/)
+    * [Book](https://arduinojson.org/book/)
+    * [Changelog](CHANGELOG.md)
+* Vibrant user community
+    * Most popular of all Arduino libraries on [GitHub](https://github.com/search?o=desc&q=arduino+library&s=stars&type=Repositories)
+    * [Used in hundreds of projects](https://www.hackster.io/search?i=projects&q=arduinojson)
+    * [Responsive support](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aclosed)
+
+## Quickstart
+
+### Deserialization
+
+Here is a program that parses a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
+
+```c++
+const char* json = "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
+
+JsonDocument doc;
+deserializeJson(doc, json);
+
+const char* sensor = doc["sensor"];
+long time          = doc["time"];
+double latitude    = doc["data"][0];
+double longitude   = doc["data"][1];
+```
+
+See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/v7/doc/deserialization/)
+
+### Serialization
+
+Here is a program that generates a JSON document with ArduinoJson:
+
+```c++
+JsonDocument doc;
+
+doc["sensor"] = "gps";
+doc["time"]   = 1351824120;
+doc["data"][0] = 48.756080;
+doc["data"][1] = 2.302038;
+
+serializeJson(doc, Serial);
+// This prints:
+// {"sensor":"gps","time":1351824120,"data":[48.756080,2.302038]}
+```
+
+See the [tutorial on arduinojson.org](https://arduinojson.org/v7/doc/serialization/)
+
+## Sponsors
+
+ArduinoJson is thankful to its sponsors. Please give them a visit; they deserve it!
+
+<p>
+  <a href="https://www.programmingelectronics.com/" rel="sponsored">
+    <img src="https://arduinojson.org/images/2021/10/programmingeleactronicsacademy.png" alt="Programming Electronics Academy" width="200">
+  </a>
+</p>
+<p>
+  <a href="https://github.com/1technophile" rel="sponsored">
+    <img alt="1technophile" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/12672732?s=40&v=4">
+  </a>
+  <a href="https://github.com/LArkema" rel="sponsored">
+    <img alt="LArkema" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38381313?s=40&v=4">
+  </a>
+</p>
+
+If you run a commercial project that embeds ArduinoJson, think about [sponsoring the library's development](https://github.com/sponsors/bblanchon): it ensures the code that your products rely on stays actively maintained. It can also give your project some exposure to the makers' community.
+
+If you are an individual user and want to support the development (or give a sign of appreciation), consider purchasing the book [Mastering ArduinoJson](https://arduinojson.org/book/)&nbsp;❤, or simply [cast a star](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/stargazers)&nbsp;⭐.

SUPPORT.md

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+# ArduinoJson Support
+
+First off, thank you very much for using ArduinoJson.
+
+We'll be very happy to help you, but first please read the following.
+
+## Before asking for help
+
+1. Read the [FAQ](https://arduinojson.org/faq/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=support)
+2. Search in the [API Reference](https://arduinojson.org/api/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=support)
+
+If you did not find the answer, please create a [new issue on GitHub](https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/issues/new).
+
+It is OK to add a comment to a currently opened issue, but please avoid adding comments to a closed issue.
+
+## Before hitting the Submit button
+
+Please provide all the relevant information:
+
+* Good title
+* Short description of the problem
+* Target platform
+* Compiler model and version
+* [MVCE](https://stackoverflow.com/help/mcve)
+* Compiler output
+
+Good questions get fast answers!

appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+version: 7.4.1.{build}
+environment:
+  matrix:
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2022
+      CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 17 2022
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2019
+      CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 16 2019
+    - APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE: Visual Studio 2017
+      CMAKE_GENERATOR: Visual Studio 15 2017
+    - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      MINGW32: i686-6.3.0-posix-dwarf-rt_v5-rev1 # MinGW-w64 6.3.0 i686
+    - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      MINGW64: x86_64-6.3.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev1 # MinGW-w64 6.3.0 x86_64
+    - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      MINGW64: x86_64-7.3.0-posix-seh-rt_v5-rev0 # MinGW-w64 7.3.0 x86_64
+    - CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
+      MINGW64: x86_64-8.1.0-posix-seh-rt_v6-rev0 # MinGW-w64 8.1.0 x86_64
+configuration: Debug
+before_build:
+  - set PATH=%PATH:C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin;=% # Workaround for CMake not wanting sh.exe on PATH for MinGW
+  - if defined MINGW set PATH=C:\%MINGW%\bin;%PATH%
+  - if defined MINGW32 set PATH=C:\mingw-w64\%MINGW32%\mingw32\bin;%PATH%
+  - if defined MINGW64 set PATH=C:\mingw-w64\%MINGW64%\mingw64\bin;%PATH%
+  - cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=%CONFIGURATION% -G "%CMAKE_GENERATOR%" .
+build_script:
+  - cmake --build . --config %CONFIGURATION%
+test_script:
+  - ctest -C %CONFIGURATION% --output-on-failure .

component.mk

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+COMPONENT_ADD_INCLUDEDIRS := src

examples/IndentedPrintExample/IndentedPrintExample.ino

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2015
-// MIT License
-//
-// Arduino JSON library
-// https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson
-
-#include <ArduinoJson.h>
-
-using namespace ArduinoJson::Internals;
-
-void setup() {
-  Serial.begin(9600);
-
-  IndentedPrint serial(Serial);
-  serial.setTabSize(4);
-
-  serial.println("This is at indentation 0");
-  serial.indent();
-  serial.println("This is at indentation 1");
-  serial.println("This is also at indentation 1");
-  serial.indent();
-  serial.println("This is at indentation 2");
-
-  serial.unindent();
-  serial.unindent();
-  serial.println("This is back at indentation 0");
-}
-
-void loop() {
-  // not used in this example
-}

examples/JsonConfigFile/JsonConfigFile.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+//
+// This example shows how to store your project configuration in a file.
+// It uses the SD library but can be easily modified for any other file-system.
+//
+// The file contains a JSON document with the following content:
+// {
+//   "hostname": "examples.com",
+//   "port": 2731
+// }
+//
+// To run this program, you need an SD card connected to the SPI bus as follows:
+// * MOSI <-> pin 11
+// * MISO <-> pin 12
+// * CLK  <-> pin 13
+// * CS   <-> pin 4
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/config/
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <SD.h>
+#include <SPI.h>
+
+// Our configuration structure.
+struct Config {
+  char hostname[64];
+  int port;
+};
+
+const char* filename = "/config.txt";  // <- SD library uses 8.3 filenames
+Config config;                         // <- global configuration object
+
+// Loads the configuration from a file
+void loadConfiguration(const char* filename, Config& config) {
+  // Open file for reading
+  File file = SD.open(filename);
+
+  // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
+  JsonDocument doc;
+
+  // Deserialize the JSON document
+  DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, file);
+  if (error)
+    Serial.println(F("Failed to read file, using default configuration"));
+
+  // Copy values from the JsonDocument to the Config
+  config.port = doc["port"] | 2731;
+  strlcpy(config.hostname,                  // <- destination
+          doc["hostname"] | "example.com",  // <- source
+          sizeof(config.hostname));         // <- destination's capacity
+
+  // Close the file (Curiously, File's destructor doesn't close the file)
+  file.close();
+}
+
+// Saves the configuration to a file
+void saveConfiguration(const char* filename, const Config& config) {
+  // Delete existing file, otherwise the configuration is appended to the file
+  SD.remove(filename);
+
+  // Open file for writing
+  File file = SD.open(filename, FILE_WRITE);
+  if (!file) {
+    Serial.println(F("Failed to create file"));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
+  JsonDocument doc;
+
+  // Set the values in the document
+  doc["hostname"] = config.hostname;
+  doc["port"] = config.port;
+
+  // Serialize JSON to file
+  if (serializeJson(doc, file) == 0) {
+    Serial.println(F("Failed to write to file"));
+  }
+
+  // Close the file
+  file.close();
+}
+
+// Prints the content of a file to the Serial
+void printFile(const char* filename) {
+  // Open file for reading
+  File file = SD.open(filename);
+  if (!file) {
+    Serial.println(F("Failed to read file"));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Extract each characters by one by one
+  while (file.available()) {
+    Serial.print((char)file.read());
+  }
+  Serial.println();
+
+  // Close the file
+  file.close();
+}
+
+void setup() {
+  // Initialize serial port
+  Serial.begin(9600);
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
+
+  // Initialize SD library
+  const int chipSelect = 4;
+  while (!SD.begin(chipSelect)) {
+    Serial.println(F("Failed to initialize SD library"));
+    delay(1000);
+  }
+
+  // Should load default config if run for the first time
+  Serial.println(F("Loading configuration..."));
+  loadConfiguration(filename, config);
+
+  // Create configuration file
+  Serial.println(F("Saving configuration..."));
+  saveConfiguration(filename, config);
+
+  // Dump config file
+  Serial.println(F("Print config file..."));
+  printFile(filename);
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  // not used in this example
+}
+
+// Performance issue?
+// ------------------
+//
+// File is an unbuffered stream, which is not optimal for ArduinoJson.
+// See: https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/improve-speed/
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization or deserialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a case study of a project that has
+// a complex configuration with nested members.
+// Contrary to this example, the project in the book uses the SPIFFS filesystem.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonFilterExample/JsonFilterExample.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+//
+// This example shows how to use DeserializationOption::Filter
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/filter/
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+void setup() {
+  // Initialize serial port
+  Serial.begin(9600);
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
+
+  // The huge input: an extract from OpenWeatherMap response
+  auto input_json = F(
+      "{\"cod\":\"200\",\"message\":0,\"list\":[{\"dt\":1581498000,\"main\":{"
+      "\"temp\":3.23,\"feels_like\":-3.63,\"temp_min\":3.23,\"temp_max\":4.62,"
+      "\"pressure\":1014,\"sea_level\":1014,\"grnd_level\":1010,\"humidity\":"
+      "58,\"temp_kf\":-1.39},\"weather\":[{\"id\":800,\"main\":\"Clear\","
+      "\"description\":\"clear "
+      "sky\",\"icon\":\"01d\"}],\"clouds\":{\"all\":0},\"wind\":{\"speed\":6."
+      "19,\"deg\":266},\"sys\":{\"pod\":\"d\"},\"dt_txt\":\"2020-02-12 "
+      "09:00:00\"},{\"dt\":1581508800,\"main\":{\"temp\":6.09,\"feels_like\":-"
+      "1.07,\"temp_min\":6.09,\"temp_max\":7.13,\"pressure\":1015,\"sea_"
+      "level\":1015,\"grnd_level\":1011,\"humidity\":48,\"temp_kf\":-1.04},"
+      "\"weather\":[{\"id\":800,\"main\":\"Clear\",\"description\":\"clear "
+      "sky\",\"icon\":\"01d\"}],\"clouds\":{\"all\":9},\"wind\":{\"speed\":6."
+      "64,\"deg\":268},\"sys\":{\"pod\":\"d\"},\"dt_txt\":\"2020-02-12 "
+      "12:00:00\"}],\"city\":{\"id\":2643743,\"name\":\"London\",\"coord\":{"
+      "\"lat\":51.5085,\"lon\":-0.1257},\"country\":\"GB\",\"population\":"
+      "1000000,\"timezone\":0,\"sunrise\":1581492085,\"sunset\":1581527294}}");
+
+  // The filter: it contains "true" for each value we want to keep
+  JsonDocument filter;
+  filter["list"][0]["dt"] = true;
+  filter["list"][0]["main"]["temp"] = true;
+
+  // Deserialize the document
+  JsonDocument doc;
+  deserializeJson(doc, input_json, DeserializationOption::Filter(filter));
+
+  // Print the result
+  serializeJsonPretty(doc, Serial);
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  // not used in this example
+}
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// deserialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on deserialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, like the one above, and then adds more
+// features like deserializing directly from a file or an HTTP request.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonGeneratorExample/JsonGeneratorExample.ino

@@ -1,32 +1,42 @@
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2015
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
-// Arduino JSON library
-// https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson
+// This example shows how to generate a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/generator/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 void setup() {
+  // Initialize Serial port
   Serial.begin(9600);
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
 
-  StaticJsonBuffer<200> jsonBuffer;
+  // Allocate the JSON document
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
-  JsonObject& root = jsonBuffer.createObject();
-  root["sensor"] = "gps";
-  root["time"] = 1351824120;
+  // Add values in the document
+  doc["sensor"] = "gps";
+  doc["time"] = 1351824120;
 
-  JsonArray& data = root.createNestedArray("data");
-  data.add(double_with_n_digits(48.756080, 6));
-  data.add(double_with_n_digits(2.302038, 6));
+  // Add an array
+  JsonArray data = doc["data"].to<JsonArray>();
+  data.add(48.756080);
+  data.add(2.302038);
 
-  root.printTo(Serial);
-  // This prints:
+  // Generate the minified JSON and send it to the Serial port
+  serializeJson(doc, Serial);
+  // The above line prints:
   // {"sensor":"gps","time":1351824120,"data":[48.756080,2.302038]}
 
+  // Start a new line
   Serial.println();
 
-  root.prettyPrintTo(Serial);
-  // This prints:
+  // Generate the prettified JSON and send it to the Serial port
+  serializeJsonPretty(doc, Serial);
+  // The above line prints:
   // {
   //   "sensor": "gps",
   //   "time": 1351824120,
@@ -40,3 +50,16 @@ void setup() {
 void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on serialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, like the one above, and then adds more
+// features like serializing directly to a file or an HTTP request.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonHttpClient/JsonHttpClient.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+//
+// This example shows how to parse a JSON document in an HTTP response.
+// It uses the Ethernet library, but can be easily adapted for Wifi.
+//
+// It performs a GET resquest on https://arduinojson.org/example.json
+// Here is the expected response:
+// {
+//   "sensor": "gps",
+//   "time": 1351824120,
+//   "data": [
+//     48.756080,
+//     2.302038
+//   ]
+// }
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/http-client/
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <Ethernet.h>
+#include <SPI.h>
+
+void setup() {
+  // Initialize Serial port
+  Serial.begin(9600);
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
+
+  // Initialize Ethernet library
+  byte mac[] = {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED};
+  if (!Ethernet.begin(mac)) {
+    Serial.println(F("Failed to configure Ethernet"));
+    return;
+  }
+  delay(1000);
+
+  Serial.println(F("Connecting..."));
+
+  // Connect to HTTP server
+  EthernetClient client;
+  client.setTimeout(10000);
+  if (!client.connect("arduinojson.org", 80)) {
+    Serial.println(F("Connection failed"));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  Serial.println(F("Connected!"));
+
+  // Send HTTP request
+  client.println(F("GET /example.json HTTP/1.0"));
+  client.println(F("Host: arduinojson.org"));
+  client.println(F("Connection: close"));
+  if (client.println() == 0) {
+    Serial.println(F("Failed to send request"));
+    client.stop();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Check HTTP status
+  char status[32] = {0};
+  client.readBytesUntil('\r', status, sizeof(status));
+  // It should be "HTTP/1.0 200 OK" or "HTTP/1.1 200 OK"
+  if (strcmp(status + 9, "200 OK") != 0) {
+    Serial.print(F("Unexpected response: "));
+    Serial.println(status);
+    client.stop();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Skip HTTP headers
+  char endOfHeaders[] = "\r\n\r\n";
+  if (!client.find(endOfHeaders)) {
+    Serial.println(F("Invalid response"));
+    client.stop();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Allocate the JSON document
+  JsonDocument doc;
+
+  // Parse JSON object
+  DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, client);
+  if (error) {
+    Serial.print(F("deserializeJson() failed: "));
+    Serial.println(error.f_str());
+    client.stop();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Extract values
+  Serial.println(F("Response:"));
+  Serial.println(doc["sensor"].as<const char*>());
+  Serial.println(doc["time"].as<long>());
+  Serial.println(doc["data"][0].as<float>(), 6);
+  Serial.println(doc["data"][1].as<float>(), 6);
+
+  // Disconnect
+  client.stop();
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  // not used in this example
+}
+
+// Performance issue?
+// ------------------
+//
+// EthernetClient is an unbuffered stream, which is not optimal for ArduinoJson.
+// See: https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/improve-speed/
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization  problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on deserialization
+// showing how to parse the response from GitHub's API. In the last chapter,
+// it shows how to parse the huge documents from OpenWeatherMap
+// and Reddit.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonParserExample/JsonParserExample.ino

@@ -1,31 +1,46 @@
-// Copyright Benoit Blanchon 2014-2015
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
 // MIT License
 //
-// Arduino JSON library
-// https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson
+// This example shows how to deserialize a JSON document with ArduinoJson.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/parser/
 
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
 
 void setup() {
+  // Initialize serial port
   Serial.begin(9600);
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
 
-  StaticJsonBuffer<200> jsonBuffer;
+  // Allocate the JSON document
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
-  char json[] =
+  // JSON input string.
+  const char* json =
       "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
 
-  JsonObject& root = jsonBuffer.parseObject(json);
+  // Deserialize the JSON document
+  DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, json);
 
-  if (!root.success()) {
-    Serial.println("parseObject() failed");
+  // Test if parsing succeeds
+  if (error) {
+    Serial.print(F("deserializeJson() failed: "));
+    Serial.println(error.f_str());
     return;
   }
 
-  const char* sensor = root["sensor"];
-  long time = root["time"];
-  double latitude = root["data"][0];
-  double longitude = root["data"][1];
+  // Fetch the values
+  //
+  // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
+  // In other case, you can do doc["time"].as<long>();
+  const char* sensor = doc["sensor"];
+  long time = doc["time"];
+  double latitude = doc["data"][0];
+  double longitude = doc["data"][1];
 
+  // Print the values
   Serial.println(sensor);
   Serial.println(time);
   Serial.println(latitude, 6);
@@ -35,3 +50,16 @@ void setup() {
 void loop() {
   // not used in this example
 }
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// deserialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on deserialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, like the one above, and then adds more
+// features like deserializing directly from a file or an HTTP request.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonServer/JsonServer.ino

@@ -1,74 +1,118 @@
-// Sample Arduino Json Web Server
-// Created by Benoit Blanchon.
-// Heavily inspired by "Web Server" from David A. Mellis and Tom Igoe
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+//
+// This example shows how to implement an HTTP server that sends a JSON document
+// in the response.
+// It uses the Ethernet library but can be easily adapted for Wifi.
+//
+// The JSON document contains the values of the analog and digital pins.
+// It looks like that:
+// {
+//   "analog": [0, 76, 123, 158, 192, 205],
+//   "digital": [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
+// }
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/http-server/
 
-#include <SPI.h>
-#include <Ethernet.h>
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <Ethernet.h>
+#include <SPI.h>
 
 byte mac[] = {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED};
-IPAddress ip(192, 168, 0, 177);
 EthernetServer server(80);
 
-bool readRequest(EthernetClient& client) {
-  bool currentLineIsBlank = true;
-  while (client.connected()) {
-    if (client.available()) {
-      char c = client.read();
-      if (c == '\n' && currentLineIsBlank) {
-        return true;
-      } else if (c == '\n') {
-        currentLineIsBlank = true;
-      } else if (c != '\r') {
-        currentLineIsBlank = false;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-JsonObject& prepareResponse(JsonBuffer& jsonBuffer) {
-  JsonObject& root = jsonBuffer.createObject();
-
-  JsonArray& analogValues = root.createNestedArray("analog");
-  for (int pin = 0; pin < 6; pin++) {
-    int value = analogRead(pin);
-    analogValues.add(value);
-  }
-
-  JsonArray& digitalValues = root.createNestedArray("digital");
-  for (int pin = 0; pin < 14; pin++) {
-    int value = digitalRead(pin);
-    digitalValues.add(value);
-  }
-
-  return root;
-}
-
-void writeResponse(EthernetClient& client, JsonObject& json) {
-  client.println("HTTP/1.1 200 OK");
-  client.println("Content-Type: application/json");
-  client.println("Connection: close");
-  client.println();
-
-  json.prettyPrintTo(client);
-}
-
 void setup() {
-  Ethernet.begin(mac, ip);
+  // Initialize serial port
+  Serial.begin(9600);
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
+
+  // Initialize Ethernet libary
+  if (!Ethernet.begin(mac)) {
+    Serial.println(F("Failed to initialize Ethernet library"));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Start to listen
   server.begin();
+
+  Serial.println(F("Server is ready."));
+  Serial.print(F("Please connect to http://"));
+  Serial.println(Ethernet.localIP());
 }
 
 void loop() {
+  // Wait for an incomming connection
   EthernetClient client = server.available();
-  if (client) {
-    bool success = readRequest(client);
-    if (success) {
-      StaticJsonBuffer<500> jsonBuffer;
-      JsonObject& json = prepareResponse(jsonBuffer);
-      writeResponse(client, json);
-    }
-    delay(1);
-    client.stop();
+
+  // Do we have a client?
+  if (!client)
+    return;
+
+  Serial.println(F("New client"));
+
+  // Read the request (we ignore the content in this example)
+  while (client.available())
+    client.read();
+
+  // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
+  JsonDocument doc;
+
+  // Create the "analog" array
+  JsonArray analogValues = doc["analog"].to<JsonArray>();
+  for (int pin = 0; pin < 6; pin++) {
+    // Read the analog input
+    int value = analogRead(pin);
+
+    // Add the value at the end of the array
+    analogValues.add(value);
   }
+
+  // Create the "digital" array
+  JsonArray digitalValues = doc["digital"].to<JsonArray>();
+  for (int pin = 0; pin < 14; pin++) {
+    // Read the digital input
+    int value = digitalRead(pin);
+
+    // Add the value at the end of the array
+    digitalValues.add(value);
+  }
+
+  Serial.print(F("Sending: "));
+  serializeJson(doc, Serial);
+  Serial.println();
+
+  // Write response headers
+  client.println(F("HTTP/1.0 200 OK"));
+  client.println(F("Content-Type: application/json"));
+  client.println(F("Connection: close"));
+  client.print(F("Content-Length: "));
+  client.println(measureJsonPretty(doc));
+  client.println();
+
+  // Write JSON document
+  serializeJsonPretty(doc, client);
+
+  // Disconnect
+  client.stop();
 }
+
+// Performance issue?
+// ------------------
+//
+// EthernetClient is an unbuffered stream, which is not optimal for ArduinoJson.
+// See: https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/improve-speed/
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on serialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, then adds more features like serializing
+// directly to a file or an HTTP client.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/JsonUdpBeacon/JsonUdpBeacon.ino

@@ -1,55 +1,106 @@
-// Send a JSON object on UDP at regular interval
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
 //
-// You can easily test this program with netcat:
-// $ nc -ulp 8888
+// This example shows how to send a JSON document to a UDP socket.
+// At regular interval, it sends a UDP packet that contains the status of
+// analog and digital pins.
+// It looks like that:
+// {
+//   "analog": [0, 76, 123, 158, 192, 205],
+//   "digital": [1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0]
+// }
 //
-// by Benoit Blanchon, MIT License 2015
+// If you want to test this program, you need to be able to receive the UDP
+// packets.
+// For example, you can run netcat on your computer
+// $ ncat -ulp 8888
+// See https://nmap.org/ncat/
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/udp-beacon/
 
-#include <SPI.h>
-#include <Ethernet.h>
 #include <ArduinoJson.h>
+#include <Ethernet.h>
+#include <SPI.h>
 
 byte mac[] = {0xDE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED};
-IPAddress localIp(192, 168, 0, 177);
-IPAddress remoteIp(192, 168, 0, 109);
-unsigned int remotePort = 8888;
-unsigned localPort = 8888;
+IPAddress remoteIp(192, 168, 0, 108);  // <- EDIT!!!!
+unsigned short remotePort = 8888;
+unsigned short localPort = 8888;
 EthernetUDP udp;
 
-JsonObject& buildJson(JsonBuffer& jsonBuffer) {
-  JsonObject& root = jsonBuffer.createObject();
-
-  JsonArray& analogValues = root.createNestedArray("analog");
-  for (int pin = 0; pin < 6; pin++) {
-    int value = analogRead(pin);
-    analogValues.add(value);
-  }
-
-  JsonArray& digitalValues = root.createNestedArray("digital");
-  for (int pin = 0; pin < 14; pin++) {
-    int value = digitalRead(pin);
-    digitalValues.add(value);
-  }
-
-  return root;
-}
-
-void sendJson(JsonObject& json) {
-  udp.beginPacket(remoteIp, remotePort);
-  json.printTo(udp);
-  udp.println();
-  udp.endPacket();
-}
-
 void setup() {
-  Ethernet.begin(mac, localIp);
+  // Initialize serial port
+  Serial.begin(9600);
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
+
+  // Initialize Ethernet libary
+  if (!Ethernet.begin(mac)) {
+    Serial.println(F("Failed to initialize Ethernet library"));
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Enable UDP
   udp.begin(localPort);
 }
 
 void loop() {
-  delay(1000);
+  // Allocate a temporary JsonDocument
+  JsonDocument doc;
 
-  StaticJsonBuffer<300> jsonBuffer;
-  JsonObject& json = buildJson(jsonBuffer);
-  sendJson(json);
+  // Create the "analog" array
+  JsonArray analogValues = doc["analog"].to<JsonArray>();
+  for (int pin = 0; pin < 6; pin++) {
+    // Read the analog input
+    int value = analogRead(pin);
+
+    // Add the value at the end of the array
+    analogValues.add(value);
+  }
+
+  // Create the "digital" array
+  JsonArray digitalValues = doc["digital"].to<JsonArray>();
+  for (int pin = 0; pin < 14; pin++) {
+    // Read the digital input
+    int value = digitalRead(pin);
+
+    // Add the value at the end of the array
+    digitalValues.add(value);
+  }
+
+  // Log
+  Serial.print(F("Sending to "));
+  Serial.print(remoteIp);
+  Serial.print(F(" on port "));
+  Serial.println(remotePort);
+  serializeJson(doc, Serial);
+
+  // Send UDP packet
+  udp.beginPacket(remoteIp, remotePort);
+  serializeJson(doc, udp);
+  udp.println();
+  udp.endPacket();
+
+  // Wait
+  delay(10000);
 }
+
+// Performance issue?
+// ------------------
+//
+// EthernetUDP is an unbuffered stream, which is not optimal for ArduinoJson.
+// See: https://arduinojson.org/v7/how-to/improve-speed/
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any
+// serialization problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a tutorial on serialization.
+// It begins with a simple example, then adds more features like serializing
+// directly to a file or any stream.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/MsgPackParser/MsgPackParser.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+//
+// This example shows how to deserialize a MessagePack document with
+// ArduinoJson.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/msgpack-parser/
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+void setup() {
+  // Initialize serial port
+  Serial.begin(9600);
+  while (!Serial)
+    continue;
+
+  // Allocate the JSON document
+  JsonDocument doc;
+
+  // The MessagePack input string
+  uint8_t input[] = {131, 166, 115, 101, 110, 115, 111, 114, 163, 103, 112, 115,
+                     164, 116, 105, 109, 101, 206, 80,  147, 50,  248, 164, 100,
+                     97,  116, 97,  146, 203, 64,  72,  96,  199, 58,  188, 148,
+                     112, 203, 64,  2,   106, 146, 230, 33,  49,  169};
+  // This MessagePack document contains:
+  // {
+  //   "sensor": "gps",
+  //   "time": 1351824120,
+  //   "data": [48.75608, 2.302038]
+  // }
+
+  // Parse the input
+  DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(doc, input);
+
+  // Test if parsing succeeded
+  if (error) {
+    Serial.print("deserializeMsgPack() failed: ");
+    Serial.println(error.f_str());
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Fetch the values
+  //
+  // Most of the time, you can rely on the implicit casts.
+  // In other case, you can do doc["time"].as<long>();
+  const char* sensor = doc["sensor"];
+  long time = doc["time"];
+  double latitude = doc["data"][0];
+  double longitude = doc["data"][1];
+
+  // Print the values
+  Serial.println(sensor);
+  Serial.println(time);
+  Serial.println(latitude, 6);
+  Serial.println(longitude, 6);
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  // not used in this example
+}

examples/ProgmemExample/ProgmemExample.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+//
+// This example shows the different ways you can use Flash strings with
+// ArduinoJson.
+//
+// Use Flash strings sparingly, because ArduinoJson duplicates them in the
+// JsonDocument. Prefer plain old char*, as they are more efficient in term of
+// code size, speed, and memory usage.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/progmem/
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+void setup() {
+  JsonDocument doc;
+
+  // You can use a Flash String as your JSON input.
+  // WARNING: the strings in the input will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
+  deserializeJson(doc, F("{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,"
+                         "\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}"));
+
+  // You can use a Flash String as a key to get a member from JsonDocument
+  // No duplication is done.
+  long time = doc[F("time")];
+
+  // You can use a Flash String as a key to set a member of a JsonDocument
+  // WARNING: the content of the Flash String will be duplicated in the
+  // JsonDocument.
+  doc[F("time")] = time;
+
+  // You can set a Flash String as the content of a JsonVariant
+  // WARNING: the content of the Flash String will be duplicated in the
+  // JsonDocument.
+  doc["sensor"] = F("gps");
+
+  // It works with serialized() too:
+  doc["sensor"] = serialized(F("\"gps\""));
+  doc["sensor"] = serialized(F("\xA3gps"), 3);
+
+  // You can compare the content of a JsonVariant to a Flash String
+  if (doc["sensor"] == F("gps")) {
+    // ...
+  }
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  // not used in this example
+}
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any memory
+// problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a quick C++ course that explains
+// how your microcontroller stores strings in memory. It also tells why you
+// should not abuse Flash strings with ArduinoJson.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

examples/StringExample/StringExample.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+//
+// This example shows the different ways you can use String with ArduinoJson.
+//
+// Use String objects sparingly, because ArduinoJson duplicates them in the
+// JsonDocument. Prefer plain old char[], as they are more efficient in term of
+// code size, speed, and memory usage.
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/v7/example/string/
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+void setup() {
+  JsonDocument doc;
+
+  // You can use a String as your JSON input.
+  // WARNING: the string in the input  will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
+  String input =
+      "{\"sensor\":\"gps\",\"time\":1351824120,\"data\":[48.756080,2.302038]}";
+  deserializeJson(doc, input);
+
+  // You can use a String as a key to get a member from JsonDocument
+  // No duplication is done.
+  long time = doc[String("time")];
+
+  // You can use a String as a key to set a member of a JsonDocument
+  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
+  doc[String("time")] = time;
+
+  // You can get the content of a JsonVariant as a String
+  // No duplication is done, at least not in the JsonDocument.
+  String sensor = doc["sensor"];
+
+  // Unfortunately, the following doesn't work (issue #118):
+  // sensor = doc["sensor"]; // <-  error "ambiguous overload for 'operator='"
+  // As a workaround, you need to replace by:
+  sensor = doc["sensor"].as<String>();
+
+  // You can set a String as the content of a JsonVariant
+  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
+  doc["sensor"] = sensor;
+
+  // It works with serialized() too:
+  doc["sensor"] = serialized(sensor);
+
+  // You can also concatenate strings
+  // WARNING: the content of the String will be duplicated in the JsonDocument.
+  doc[String("sen") + "sor"] = String("gp") + "s";
+
+  // You can compare the content of a JsonObject with a String
+  if (doc["sensor"] == sensor) {
+    // ...
+  }
+
+  // Lastly, you can print the resulting JSON to a String
+  String output;
+  serializeJson(doc, output);
+}
+
+void loop() {
+  // not used in this example
+}
+
+// See also
+// --------
+//
+// https://arduinojson.org/ contains the documentation for all the functions
+// used above. It also includes an FAQ that will help you solve any problem.
+//
+// The book "Mastering ArduinoJson" contains a quick C++ course that explains
+// how your microcontroller stores strings in memory. On several occasions, it
+// shows how you can avoid String in your program.
+// Learn more at https://arduinojson.org/book/
+// Use the coupon code TWENTY for a 20% discount ❤❤❤❤❤

extras/ArduinoJsonConfig.cmake.in

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@PACKAGE_INIT@
+
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/@PROJECT_NAME@Targets.cmake")
+check_required_components("@PROJECT_NAME@")

extras/CompileOptions.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+if(NOT DEFINED COVERAGE)
+	set(COVERAGE OFF)
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "(GNU|Clang)")
+	add_compile_options(
+		-pedantic
+		-Wall
+		-Wcast-align
+		-Wcast-qual
+		-Wconversion
+		-Wctor-dtor-privacy
+		-Wdisabled-optimization
+		-Werror
+		-Wextra
+		-Wformat=2
+		-Winit-self
+		-Wmissing-include-dirs
+		-Wnon-virtual-dtor
+		-Wold-style-cast
+		-Woverloaded-virtual
+		-Wparentheses
+		-Wredundant-decls
+		-Wshadow
+		-Wsign-conversion
+		-Wsign-promo
+		-Wstrict-aliasing
+		-Wundef
+	)
+
+	if(${COVERAGE})
+		set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "-fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage")
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
+	if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 4.9) AND(NOT ${COVERAGE}))
+		add_compile_options(-g -Og)
+	else() # GCC 4.8
+		add_compile_options(
+			-g
+			-O0 # GCC 4.8 doesn't support -Og
+			-Wno-shadow  # allow the same name for a function parameter and a member functions
+			-Wp,-w  # Disable preprocessing warnings (see below)
+		)
+		# GCC 4.8 doesn't support __has_include, so we need to help him
+		add_definitions(
+			-DARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STRING=1
+			-DARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_STD_STREAM=1
+		)
+	endif()
+
+	add_compile_options(
+		-Wstrict-null-sentinel
+		-Wno-vla # Allow VLA in tests
+	)
+	add_definitions(-DHAS_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY)
+
+	if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 4.5)
+		add_compile_options(-Wlogical-op) # the flag exists in 4.4 but is buggy
+	endif()
+
+	if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 4.6)
+		add_compile_options(-Wnoexcept)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+	add_compile_options(
+		-Wc++11-compat
+		-Wdeprecated-register
+		-Wno-vla-extension # Allow VLA in tests
+	)
+	add_definitions(
+		-DHAS_VARIABLE_LENGTH_ARRAY
+		-DSUBSCRIPT_CONFLICTS_WITH_BUILTIN_OPERATOR
+	)
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+	add_compile_options(-stdlib=libc++)
+	link_libraries(c++ m)
+
+	if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 4.0) AND(NOT ${COVERAGE}))
+		add_compile_options(-g -Og)
+	else()
+		add_compile_options(-g -O0)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "AppleClang")
+	if((CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 9.0) AND(NOT ${COVERAGE}))
+		add_compile_options(-g -Og)
+	else()
+		add_compile_options(-g -O0)
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+if(MSVC)
+	add_definitions(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+	add_compile_options(
+		/W4 # Set warning level
+		/WX # Treats all compiler warnings as errors.
+		/Zc:__cplusplus # Enable updated __cplusplus macro
+	)
+endif()
+
+if(MINGW)
+	# Static link on MinGW to avoid linking with the wrong DLLs when multiple
+	# versions are installed.
+	add_link_options(-static)
+endif()

extras/ci/espidf/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+# Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+# MIT License
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
+
+include($ENV{IDF_PATH}/tools/cmake/project.cmake)
+project(example)

extras/ci/espidf/main/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+# Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+# MIT License
+
+idf_component_register(
+	SRCS "main.cpp"
+	INCLUDE_DIRS ""
+)

extras/ci/espidf/main/component.mk

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#
+# "main" pseudo-component makefile.
+#
+# (Uses default behaviour of compiling all source files in directory, adding 'include' to include path.)

extras/ci/espidf/main/main.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+// Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+// MIT License
+
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+extern "C" void app_main() {
+  char buffer[256];
+  JsonDocument doc;
+
+  doc["hello"] = "world";
+  serializeJson(doc, buffer);
+  deserializeJson(doc, buffer);
+  serializeMsgPack(doc, buffer);
+  deserializeMsgPack(doc, buffer);
+}

extras/ci/particle.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/sh -ex
+
+BOARD=$1
+
+cd "$(dirname "$0")/../../"
+
+cp extras/particle/src/smocktest.ino src/
+cp extras/particle/project.properties ./
+
+particle compile "$BOARD"

extras/conf_test/avr.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_PROGMEM == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_ENABLE_PROGMEM");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG == 0, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY == 16, "ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE == 0, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE");
+
+static_assert(sizeof(ArduinoJson::detail::VariantData) == 6, "slot size");
+
+void setup() {}
+void loop() {}

extras/conf_test/esp8266.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE == 2, "ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY == 128, "ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE");
+
+static_assert(sizeof(VariantData) == 8, "slot size");
+
+void setup() {}
+void loop() {}

extras/conf_test/x64.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE == 4, "ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY == 256, "ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE");
+
+static_assert(sizeof(ArduinoJson::detail::VariantData) == 16, "slot size");
+
+int main() {}

extras/conf_test/x86.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE == 2, "ARDUINOJSON_SLOT_ID_SIZE");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY == 128, "ARDUINOJSON_POOL_CAPACITY");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_LITTLE_ENDIAN");
+
+static_assert(ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE == 1, "ARDUINOJSON_USE_DOUBLE");
+
+static_assert(sizeof(ArduinoJson::detail::VariantData) == 8, "slot size");
+
+int main() {}

extras/fuzzing/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# ArduinoJson - https://arduinojson.org
+# Copyright © 2014-2025, Benoit BLANCHON
+# MIT License
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+
+if(MSVC)
+	add_compile_options(-D_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+endif()
+
+add_executable(msgpack_reproducer
+	msgpack_fuzzer.cpp
+	reproducer.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(msgpack_reproducer
+	ArduinoJson
+)
+
+add_executable(json_reproducer
+	json_fuzzer.cpp
+	reproducer.cpp
+)
+target_link_libraries(json_reproducer
+	ArduinoJson
+)
+
+macro(add_fuzzer name)
+	set(FUZZER "${name}_fuzzer")
+	set(CORPUS_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}_corpus")
+	set(SEED_CORPUS_DIR "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${name}_seed_corpus")
+	add_executable("${FUZZER}"
+		"${name}_fuzzer.cpp"
+	)
+	target_link_libraries("${FUZZER}"
+		ArduinoJson
+	)
+	set_target_properties("${FUZZER}"
+		PROPERTIES
+			COMPILE_FLAGS "-fprofile-instr-generate -fcoverage-mapping -fsanitize=fuzzer -fno-sanitize-recover=all"
+			LINK_FLAGS "-fprofile-instr-generate -fcoverage-mapping -fsanitize=fuzzer -fno-sanitize-recover=all"
+	)
+
+	add_test(
+		NAME "${FUZZER}"
+		COMMAND "${FUZZER}" "${CORPUS_DIR}" "${SEED_CORPUS_DIR}" -max_total_time=5 -timeout=1
+	)
+
+	set_tests_properties("${FUZZER}"
+		PROPERTIES
+		LABELS "Fuzzing"
+	)
+endmacro()
+
+# Needs Clang 6+ to compile
+if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang" AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 6)
+	if(DEFINED ENV{GITHUB_ACTIONS} AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION MATCHES "^11\\.")
+		# Clang 11 fails on GitHub Actions with the following error:
+		# > ERROR: UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer failed to allocate 0x0 (0) bytes of SetAlternateSignalStack (error code: 22)
+		# > Sanitizer CHECK failed: /build/llvm-toolchain-11-mnvtwk/llvm-toolchain-11-11.1.0/compiler-rt/lib/sanitizer_common/sanitizer_common.cpp:54 ((0 && "unable to mmap")) != (0) (0, 0)
+		message(WARNING "Fuzzing is disabled on GitHub Actions to workaround a bug in Clang 11")
+		return()
+	endif()
+
+	add_fuzzer(json)
+	add_fuzzer(msgpack)
+endif()

extras/fuzzing/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# CAUTION: this file is invoked by https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
+
+CXXFLAGS += -I../../src -DARDUINOJSON_DEBUG=1 -std=c++11
+
+all: \
+	$(OUT)/json_fuzzer \
+	$(OUT)/json_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip \
+	$(OUT)/json_fuzzer.options \
+	$(OUT)/msgpack_fuzzer \
+	$(OUT)/msgpack_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip \
+	$(OUT)/msgpack_fuzzer.options
+
+$(OUT)/%_fuzzer: %_fuzzer.cpp $(shell find ../../src -type f)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $< -o$@ $(LIB_FUZZING_ENGINE)
+
+$(OUT)/%_fuzzer_seed_corpus.zip: %_seed_corpus/*
+	zip -j $@ $?
+
+$(OUT)/%_fuzzer.options:
+	@echo "[libfuzzer]" > $@
+	@echo "max_len = 256" >> $@
+	@echo "timeout = 10" >> $@

extras/fuzzing/json_corpus/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*
+!.gitignore

extras/fuzzing/json_fuzzer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+  JsonDocument doc;
+  DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, data, size);
+  if (!error) {
+    std::string json;
+    serializeJson(doc, json);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/Comments.json

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+//comment
+/*comment*/
+[ //comment
+/*comment*/"comment"/*comment*/,//comment
+/*comment*/{//comment
+/* comment*/"key"//comment
+: //comment
+"value"//comment
+}/*comment*/
+]//comment

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/EmptyArray.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[]

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/EmptyObject.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{}

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/ExcessiveNesting.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[1,[2,[3,[4,[5,[6,[7,[8,[9,[10,[11,[12,[13,[14,[15,[16,[17,[18,[19,[20,[21,[22,[23,[24,[25,[26,[27,[28,[29,[30,[31,[32,[33,[34,[35,[36,[37,[38,[39,[40,[41,[42,[43,[44,[45,[46,[47,[48,[49,[50,[51,[52,[53,[54,[55,[56,[57,[58,[59,[60,[61,[62,[63,[64,[65,[66,[67,[68,[69,[70,[71,[72,[73,[74,[75,[76,[77,[78,[79,[80,[81,[82,[83,[84,[85,[86,[87,[88,[89,[90,[91,[92,[93,[94,[95,[96,[97,[98,[99,[100,[101,[102,[103,[104,[105,[106,[107,[108,[109,[110,[111,[112,[113,[114,[115,[116,[117,[118,[119,[120]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/IntegerOverflow.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+9720730739393920739

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/Numbers.json

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+[
+  123,
+  -123,
+  123.456,
+  -123.456,
+  12e34,
+  12e-34,
+  12e+34,
+  12E34,
+  12E-34,
+  12E+34,
+  12.34e56,
+  12.34e-56,
+  12.34e+56,
+  12.34E56,
+  12.34E-56,
+  12.34E+56,
+  NaN,
+  -NaN,
+  +NaN,
+  Infinity,
+  +Infinity,
+  -Infinity
+]

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/OpenWeatherMap.json

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+  "coord": {
+    "lon": -0.13,
+    "lat": 51.51
+  },
+  "weather": [
+    {
+      "id": 301,
+      "main": "Drizzle",
+      "description": "drizzle",
+      "icon": "09n"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 701,
+      "main": "Mist",
+      "description": "mist",
+      "icon": "50n"
+    },
+    {
+      "id": 741,
+      "main": "Fog",
+      "description": "fog",
+      "icon": "50n"
+    }
+  ],
+  "base": "stations",
+  "main": {
+    "temp": 281.87,
+    "pressure": 1032,
+    "humidity": 100,
+    "temp_min": 281.15,
+    "temp_max": 283.15
+  },
+  "visibility": 2900,
+  "wind": {
+    "speed": 1.5
+  },
+  "clouds": {
+    "all": 90
+  },
+  "dt": 1483820400,
+  "sys": {
+    "type": 1,
+    "id": 5091,
+    "message": 0.0226,
+    "country": "GB",
+    "sunrise": 1483776245,
+    "sunset": 1483805443
+  },
+  "id": 2643743,
+  "name": "London",
+  "cod": 200
+}

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/Strings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+[
+  "hello",
+  'hello',
+  hello,
+  {"hello":"world"},
+  {'hello':'world'},
+  {hello:world}
+]

extras/fuzzing/json_seed_corpus/WeatherUnderground.json

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+{
+  "response": {
+    "version": "0.1",
+    "termsofService": "http://www.wunderground.com/weather/api/d/terms.html",
+    "features": {
+      "conditions": 1
+    }
+  },
+  "current_observation": {
+    "image": {
+      "url": "http://icons-ak.wxug.com/graphics/wu2/logo_130x80.png",
+      "title": "Weather Underground",
+      "link": "http://www.wunderground.com"
+    },
+    "display_location": {
+      "full": "San Francisco, CA",
+      "city": "San Francisco",
+      "state": "CA",
+      "state_name": "California",
+      "country": "US",
+      "country_iso3166": "US",
+      "zip": "94101",
+      "latitude": "37.77500916",
+      "longitude": "-122.41825867",
+      "elevation": "47.00000000"
+    },
+    "observation_location": {
+      "full": "SOMA - Near Van Ness, San Francisco, California",
+      "city": "SOMA - Near Van Ness, San Francisco",
+      "state": "California",
+      "country": "US",
+      "country_iso3166": "US",
+      "latitude": "37.773285",
+      "longitude": "-122.417725",
+      "elevation": "49 ft"
+    },
+    "estimated": {},
+    "station_id": "KCASANFR58",
+    "observation_time": "Last Updated on June 27, 5:27 PM PDT",
+    "observation_time_rfc822": "Wed, 27 Jun 2012 17:27:13 -0700",
+    "observation_epoch": "1340843233",
+    "local_time_rfc822": "Wed, 27 Jun 2012 17:27:14 -0700",
+    "local_epoch": "1340843234",
+    "local_tz_short": "PDT",
+    "local_tz_long": "America/Los_Angeles",
+    "local_tz_offset": "-0700",
+    "weather": "Partly Cloudy",
+    "temperature_string": "66.3 F (19.1 C)",
+    "temp_f": 66.3,
+    "temp_c": 19.1,
+    "relative_humidity": "65%",
+    "wind_string": "From the NNW at 22.0 MPH Gusting to 28.0 MPH",
+    "wind_dir": "NNW",
+    "wind_degrees": 346,
+    "wind_mph": 22,
+    "wind_gust_mph": "28.0",
+    "wind_kph": 35.4,
+    "wind_gust_kph": "45.1",
+    "pressure_mb": "1013",
+    "pressure_in": "29.93",
+    "pressure_trend": "+",
+    "dewpoint_string": "54 F (12 C)",
+    "dewpoint_f": 54,
+    "dewpoint_c": 12,
+    "heat_index_string": "NA",
+    "heat_index_f": "NA",
+    "heat_index_c": "NA",
+    "windchill_string": "NA",
+    "windchill_f": "NA",
+    "windchill_c": "NA",
+    "feelslike_string": "66.3 F (19.1 C)",
+    "feelslike_f": "66.3",
+    "feelslike_c": "19.1",
+    "visibility_mi": "10.0",
+    "visibility_km": "16.1",
+    "solarradiation": "",
+    "UV": "5",
+    "precip_1hr_string": "0.00 in ( 0 mm)",
+    "precip_1hr_in": "0.00",
+    "precip_1hr_metric": " 0",
+    "precip_today_string": "0.00 in (0 mm)",
+    "precip_today_in": "0.00",
+    "precip_today_metric": "0",
+    "icon": "partlycloudy",
+    "icon_url": "http://icons-ak.wxug.com/i/c/k/partlycloudy.gif",
+    "forecast_url": "http://www.wunderground.com/US/CA/San_Francisco.html",
+    "history_url": "http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KCASANFR58/2012/6/27/DailyHistory.html",
+    "ob_url": "http://www.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=37.773285,-122.417725"
+  }
+}

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_corpus/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*
+!.gitignore

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_fuzzer.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <ArduinoJson.h>
+
+extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size) {
+  JsonDocument doc;
+  DeserializationError error = deserializeMsgPack(doc, data, size);
+  if (!error) {
+    std::string json;
+    serializeMsgPack(doc, json);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/false

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<EFBFBD>

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/fixarray

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>hello<EFBFBD>world

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/fixint_negative

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<EFBFBD>

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/fixint_positive

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/fixmap

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<EFBFBD><EFBFBD>one
<01>two

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/fixstr

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<EFBFBD>hello world

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/float32

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<EFBFBD>@H<><48>

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/float64

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<EFBFBD>@	!<21><><EFBFBD>o

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/int16

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD>

extras/fuzzing/msgpack_seed_corpus/int32

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Ҷi<EFBFBD>.