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cast.htm
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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Header boost/cast.hpp Documentation</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<h1><img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center" width="277" height="86">Header
<a href="../../boost/cast.hpp">boost/cast.hpp</a></h1>
<h2><a name="Cast Functions">Cast Functions</a></h2>
<p>The <code>header <a href="../../boost/cast.hpp">boost/cast.hpp</a></code>
provides <a href="#Polymorphic_cast"><b>polymorphic_cast</b></a>, <a href="#Polymorphic_cast"><b>polymorphic_downcast</b></a>,
and <a href="#numeric_cast"><b>numeric_cast</b></a> function templates designed
to complement the C++ built-in casts.</p>
<p>The program&nbsp;<a href="cast_test.cpp">cast_test.cpp</a> can be used to
verify these function templates work as expected.</p>
<h3><a name="Polymorphic_cast">Polymorphic casts</a></h3>
<p>Pointers to polymorphic objects (objects of classes which define at least one
virtual function) are sometimes downcast or crosscast.&nbsp; Downcasting means
casting from a base class to a derived class.&nbsp; Crosscasting means casting
across an inheritance hierarchy diagram, such as from one base to the other in a
<b>Y</b> diagram hierarchy.</p>
<p>Such casts can be done with old-style casts, but this approach is never to be
recommended.&nbsp; Old-style casts are sorely lacking in type safety, suffer
poor readability, and are difficult to locate with search tools.</p>
<p>The C++ built-in <b>static_cast</b> can be used for efficiently downcasting
pointers to polymorphic objects, but provides no error detection for the case
where the pointer being cast actually points to the wrong derived class. The <b>polymorphic_downcast</b>
template retains the efficiency of <b>static_cast</b> for non-debug
compilations, but for debug compilations adds safety via an assert() that a <b>dynamic_cast</b>
succeeds.&nbsp;<b>&nbsp;</b></p>
<p>The C++ built-in <b>dynamic_cast</b> can be used for downcasts and crosscasts
of pointers to polymorphic objects, but error notification in the form of a
returned value of 0 is inconvenient to test, or worse yet, easy to forget to
test.&nbsp; The <b>polymorphic_cast</b> template performs a <b>dynamic_cast</b>,
and throws an exception if the <b>dynamic_cast</b> returns 0.</p>
<p>A <b>polymorphic_downcast</b> is preferred when debug-mode tests will cover
100% of the object types possibly cast and when non-debug-mode efficiency is an
issue. If these two conditions are not present, <b>polymorphic_cast</b> is
preferred.&nbsp; It must also be used for crosscasts.&nbsp; It does an assert(
dynamic_cast&lt;Derived&gt;(x) == x ) where x is the base pointer, ensuring that
not only is a non-zero pointer returned, but also that it correct in the
presence of multiple inheritance.<b> Warning:</b>: Because <b>polymorphic_downcast</b>
uses assert(), it violates the one definition rule (ODR) if NDEBUG is inconsistently
defined across translation units.&nbsp; [See ISO Std 3.2]</p>
<p>The C++ built-in <b>dynamic_cast</b> must be used to cast references rather
than pointers.&nbsp; It is also the only cast that can be used to check whether
a given interface is supported; in that case a return of 0 isn't an error
condition.</p>
<h3>polymorphic_cast and polymorphic_downcast synopsis</h3>
<blockquote>
<pre>namespace boost {
template &lt;class Derived, class Base&gt;
inline Derived polymorphic_cast(Base* x);
// Throws: std::bad_cast if ( dynamic_cast&lt;Derived&gt;(x) == 0 )
// Returns: dynamic_cast&lt;Derived&gt;(x)
template &lt;class Derived, class Base&gt;
inline Derived polymorphic_downcast(Base* x);
// Effects: assert( dynamic_cast&lt;Derived&gt;(x) == x );
// Returns: static_cast&lt;Derived&gt;(x)
}</pre>
</blockquote>
<h3>polymorphic_downcast example</h3>
<blockquote>
<pre>#include &lt;boost/cast.hpp&gt;
...
class Fruit { public: virtual ~Fruit(){}; ... };
class Banana : public Fruit { ... };
...
void f( Fruit * fruit ) {
// ... logic which leads us to believe it is a Banana
Banana * banana = boost::polymorphic_downcast&lt;Banana*&gt;(fruit);
...</pre>
</blockquote>
<h3><a name="numeric_cast">numeric_cast</a></h3>
<p>A <b>static_cast</b> or implicit conversion will not
detect failure to preserve range for numeric casts. The <b>numeric_cast</b> function
templates are similar to <b>static_cast</b> and certain (dubious)
implicit conversions in this respect, except that they detect loss of numeric
range. An exception is thrown when a runtime value-preservation check fails.</p>
<p>The requirements on the argument and result types are:</p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Both argument and result types are CopyConstructible [ISO Std 20.1.3].</li>
<li>Both argument and result types are Numeric, defined by <code>std::numeric_limits&lt;&gt;::is_specialized</code>
being true.</li>
<li>The argument can be converted to the result type using <b>static_cast</b>.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<h3>numeric_cast synopsis</h3>
<blockquote>
<pre>namespace boost {
class bad_numeric_cast : public std::bad_cast {...};
template&lt;typename Target, typename Source&gt;
inline Target numeric_cast(Source arg);
// Throws: bad_numeric_cast unless, in converting arg from Source to Target,
// there is no loss of negative range, and no underflow, and no
// overflow, as determined by std::numeric_limits
// Returns: static_cast&lt;Target&gt;(arg)
}</pre>
</blockquote>
<h3>numeric_cast example</h3>
<blockquote>
<pre>#include &lt;boost/cast.hpp&gt;
using namespace boost::cast;
void ariane(double vx)
{
...
unsigned short dx = numeric_cast&lt;unsigned short&gt;(vx);
...
}</pre>
</blockquote>
<h3>numeric_cast rationale</h3>
<p>The form of the throws condition is specified so that != is not a required
operation.</p>
<h3>History</h3>
<p><b>polymorphic_cast</b> was suggested by Bjarne Stroustrup in &quot;The C++
Programming Language&quot;.<br>
<b>polymorphic_downcast</b> was contributed by <a href="../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave
Abrahams</a>.<b><br>
numeric_cast</b> was contributed by <a href="../../people/kevlin_henney.htm">Kevlin
Henney</a>.</p>
<hr>
<p>Revised&nbsp; <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %B, %Y" startspan
-->06 January, 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="38320"
--></p>
<p>© Copyright boost.org 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
distribute this document is granted provided this copyright notice appears in
all copies. This document is provided &quot;as is&quot; without express or
implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.</p>
</body>
</html>
cast_test.cpp
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// boost utility cast test program -----------------------------------------//
// (C) Copyright boost.org 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
// and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright
// notice appears in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without
// express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
// any purpose.
// See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
// Revision History
// 20 Jan 01 removed use of <limits> for portability to raw GCC (David Abrahams)
// 28 Jun 00 implicit_cast removed (Beman Dawes)
// 30 Aug 99 value_cast replaced by numeric_cast
// 3 Aug 99 Initial Version
#include <iostream>
#include <climits>
#include <boost/cast.hpp>
# if SCHAR_MAX == LONG_MAX
# error "This test program doesn't work if SCHAR_MAX == LONG_MAX"
# endif
using namespace boost;
using std::cout;
namespace
{
struct Base
{
virtual char kind() { return 'B'; }
};
struct Base2
{
virtual char kind2() { return '2'; }
};
struct Derived : public Base, Base2
{
virtual char kind() { return 'D'; }
};
}
int main( int argc, char * argv[] )
{
cout << "Usage: test_casts [n], where n omitted or is:\n"
" 1 = execute #1 assert failure (#ifndef NDEBUG)\n"
" 2 = execute #2 assert failure (#ifndef NDEBUG)\n"
"Example: test_casts 2\n\n";
# ifdef NDEBUG
cout << "NDEBUG is defined\n";
# else
cout << "NDEBUG is not defined\n";
# endif
cout << "\nBeginning tests...\n";
// test polymorphic_cast ---------------------------------------------------//
// tests which should succeed
Base * base = new Derived;
Base2 * base2 = 0;
Derived * derived = 0;
derived = polymorphic_downcast<Derived*>( base ); // downcast
assert( derived->kind() == 'D' );
derived = 0;
derived = polymorphic_cast<Derived*>( base ); // downcast, throw on error
assert( derived->kind() == 'D' );
base2 = polymorphic_cast<Base2*>( base ); // crosscast
assert( base2->kind2() == '2' );
// tests which should result in errors being detected
int err_count = 0;
base = new Base;
if ( argc > 1 && *argv[1] == '1' )
{ derived = polymorphic_downcast<Derived*>( base ); } // #1 assert failure
bool caught_exception = false;
try { derived = polymorphic_cast<Derived*>( base ); }
catch (std::bad_cast)
{ cout<<"caught bad_cast\n"; caught_exception = true; }
if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
// the following is just so generated code can be inspected
if ( derived->kind() == 'B' ) ++err_count;
// test implicit_cast and numeric_cast -------------------------------------//
// tests which should succeed
long small_value = 1;
long small_negative_value = -1;
long large_value = LONG_MAX;
long large_negative_value = LONG_MIN;
signed char c = 0;
c = large_value; // see if compiler generates warning
c = numeric_cast<signed char>( small_value );
assert( c == 1 );
c = 0;
c = numeric_cast<signed char>( small_value );
assert( c == 1 );
c = 0;
c = numeric_cast<signed char>( small_negative_value );
assert( c == -1 );
// These tests courtesy of Joe R NWP Swatosh<joe.r.swatosh@usace.army.mil>
assert( 0.0f == numeric_cast<float>( 0.0 ) );
assert( 0.0 == numeric_cast<double>( 0.0 ) );
// tests which should result in errors being detected
caught_exception = false;
try { c = numeric_cast<signed char>( large_value ); }
catch (bad_numeric_cast)
{ cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #1\n"; caught_exception = true; }
if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
caught_exception = false;
try { c = numeric_cast<signed char>( large_negative_value ); }
catch (bad_numeric_cast)
{ cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #2\n"; caught_exception = true; }
if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
unsigned long ul;
caught_exception = false;
try { ul = numeric_cast<unsigned long>( large_negative_value ); }
catch (bad_numeric_cast)
{ cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #3\n"; caught_exception = true; }
if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
caught_exception = false;
try { ul = numeric_cast<unsigned long>( small_negative_value ); }
catch (bad_numeric_cast)
{ cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #4\n"; caught_exception = true; }
if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
caught_exception = false;
try { numeric_cast<int>( DBL_MAX ); }
catch (bad_numeric_cast)
{ cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #5\n"; caught_exception = true; }
if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
cout << err_count << " errors detected\nTest "
<< (err_count==0 ? "passed\n" : "failed\n");
return err_count;
} // main
include/boost/cast.hpp
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// boost cast.hpp header file ----------------------------------------------//
// (C) Copyright boost.org 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
// and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright
// notice appears in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without
// express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
// any purpose.
// See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
// Revision History
// 21 Jan 01 Undid a bug I introduced yesterday. numeric_cast<> never
// worked with stock GCC; trying to get it to do that broke
// vc-stlport.
// 20 Jan 01 Moved BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS to config.hpp.
// Removed unused BOOST_EXPLICIT_TARGET macro. Moved
// boost::detail::type to boost/type.hpp. Made it compile with
// stock gcc again (Dave Abrahams)
// 29 Nov 00 Remove nested namespace cast, cleanup spacing before Formal
// Review (Beman Dawes)
// 19 Oct 00 Fix numeric_cast for floating-point types (Dave Abrahams)
// 15 Jul 00 Suppress numeric_cast warnings for GCC, Borland and MSVC
// (Dave Abrahams)
// 30 Jun 00 More MSVC6 wordarounds. See comments below. (Dave Abrahams)
// 28 Jun 00 Removed implicit_cast<>. See comment below. (Beman Dawes)
// 27 Jun 00 More MSVC6 workarounds
// 15 Jun 00 Add workarounds for MSVC6
// 2 Feb 00 Remove bad_numeric_cast ";" syntax error (Doncho Angelov)
// 26 Jan 00 Add missing throw() to bad_numeric_cast::what(0 (Adam Levar)
// 29 Dec 99 Change using declarations so usages in other namespaces work
// correctly (Dave Abrahams)
// 23 Sep 99 Change polymorphic_downcast assert to also detect M.I. errors
// as suggested Darin Adler and improved by Valentin Bonnard.
// 2 Sep 99 Remove controversial asserts, simplify, rename.
// 30 Aug 99 Move to cast.hpp, replace value_cast with numeric_cast,
// place in nested namespace.
// 3 Aug 99 Initial version
#ifndef BOOST_CAST_HPP
#define BOOST_CAST_HPP
# include <boost/config.hpp>
# include <cassert>
# include <typeinfo>
# include <boost/type.hpp>
# ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
# include <limits>
# endif
// It has been demonstrated numerous times that MSVC 6.0 fails silently at link
// time if you use a template function which has template parameters that don't
// appear in the function's argument list.
//
// TODO: Add this to config.hpp?
# if defined(BOOST_MSVC) && BOOST_MSVC <= 1200 // 1200 = VC6
# define BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET , ::boost::type<Target>* = 0
# else
# define BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET
# endif
namespace boost
{
// See the documentation for descriptions of how to choose between
// static_cast<>, dynamic_cast<>, polymorphic_cast<> and polymorphic_downcast<>
// polymorphic_cast --------------------------------------------------------//
// Runtime checked polymorphic downcasts and crosscasts.
// Suggested in The C++ Programming Language, 3rd Ed, Bjarne Stroustrup,
// section 15.8 exercise 1, page 425.
template <class Target, class Source>
inline Target polymorphic_cast(Source* x BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET)
{
Target tmp = dynamic_cast<Target>(x);
if ( tmp == 0 ) throw std::bad_cast();
return tmp;
}
// polymorphic_downcast ----------------------------------------------------//
// assert() checked polymorphic downcast. Crosscasts prohibited.
// WARNING: Because this cast uses assert(), it violates the One Definition
// Rule if NDEBUG is inconsistently defined across translation units.
// Contributed by Dave Abrahams
template <class Target, class Source>
inline Target polymorphic_downcast(Source* x BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET)
{
assert( dynamic_cast<Target>(x) == x ); // detect logic error
return static_cast<Target>(x);
}
// implicit_cast -----------------------------------------------------------//
//
// Removed due to uncertain purpose. Use either numeric_cast (see below)
// or static_cast according to the need.
// numeric_cast and related exception --------------------------------------//
// Contributed by Kevlin Henney
// bad_numeric_cast --------------------------------------------------------//
// exception used to indicate runtime numeric_cast failure
class bad_numeric_cast : public std::bad_cast
{
public:
// constructors, destructors and assignment operator defaulted
// function inlined for brevity and consistency with rest of library
virtual const char *what() const throw()
{
return "bad numeric cast: loss of range in numeric_cast";
}
};
// numeric_cast ------------------------------------------------------------//
#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS
namespace detail
{
template <bool is_signed> struct numeric_min_select;
template<>
struct numeric_min_select<true>
{
template <class T>
struct limits : std::numeric_limits<T>
{
static inline T min()
# ifndef __GNUC__ // bug workaround courtesy Jens Maurer
{
return std::numeric_limits<T>::min() >= 0
// unary minus causes integral promotion, thus the static_cast<>
? static_cast<T>(-std::numeric_limits<T>::max())
: std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
}
# else
;
# endif
};
};
# ifdef __GNUC__ // bug workaround courtesy Jens Maurer
template<> template<class T>
inline T numeric_min_select<true>::limits<T>::min()
{
return std::numeric_limits<T>::min() >= 0
// unary minus causes integral promotion, thus the static_cast<>
? static_cast<T>(-std::numeric_limits<T>::max())
: std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
}
# endif
template<>
struct numeric_min_select<false>
{
template <class T>
struct limits : std::numeric_limits<T> {};
};
// Move to namespace boost in utility.hpp?
template <class T>
struct fixed_numeric_limits
: public numeric_min_select<
std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed
>::template limits<T>
{
};
} // namespace detail
// less_than_type_min -
// x_is_signed should be numeric_limits<X>::is_signed
// y_is_signed should be numeric_limits<Y>::is_signed
// y_min should be numeric_limits<Y>::min()
//
// check(x, y_min) returns true iff x < y_min without invoking comparisons
// between signed and unsigned values.
//
// "poor man's partial specialization" is in use here.
template <bool x_is_signed, bool y_is_signed>
struct less_than_type_min
{
template <class X, class Y>
static bool check(X x, Y y_min)
{ return x < y_min; }
};
template <>
struct less_than_type_min<false, true>
{
template <class X, class Y>
static bool check(X, Y)
{ return false; }
};
template <>
struct less_than_type_min<true, false>
{
template <class X, class Y>
static bool check(X x, Y)
{ return x < 0; }
};
// greater_than_type_max -
// same_sign should be:
// numeric_limits<X>::is_signed == numeric_limits<Y>::is_signed
// y_max should be numeric_limits<Y>::max()
//
// check(x, y_max) returns true iff x > y_max without invoking comparisons
// between signed and unsigned values.
//
// "poor man's partial specialization" is in use here.
template <bool same_sign, bool x_is_signed>
struct greater_than_type_max;
template<>
struct greater_than_type_max<true, true>
{
template <class X, class Y>
static inline bool check(X x, Y y_max)
{ return x > y_max; }
};
template <>
struct greater_than_type_max<false, true>
{
// What does the standard say about this? I think it's right, and it
// will work with every compiler I know of.
template <class X, class Y>
static inline bool check(X x, Y)
{ return x >= 0 && static_cast<X>(static_cast<Y>(x)) != x; }
};
template<>
struct greater_than_type_max<true, false>
{
template <class X, class Y>
static inline bool check(X x, Y y_max)
{ return x > y_max; }
};
template <>
struct greater_than_type_max<false, false>
{
// What does the standard say about this? I think it's right, and it
// will work with every compiler I know of.
template <class X, class Y>
static inline bool check(X x, Y)
{ return static_cast<X>(static_cast<Y>(x)) != x; }
};
#else // use #pragma hacks if available
namespace detail
{
# if BOOST_MSVC
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable : 4018)
# pragma warning(disable : 4146)
#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
# pragma option push -w-8041
# endif
# ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
// Move to namespace boost in utility.hpp?
template <class T>
struct fixed_numeric_limits : public std::numeric_limits<T>
{
static inline T min()
{
return std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed && std::numeric_limits<T>::min() >= 0
? T(-std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) : std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
}
};
# endif // BOOST_NO_LIMITS
# if BOOST_MSVC
# pragma warning(pop)
#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
# pragma option pop
# endif
} // namespace detail
#endif
template<typename Target, typename Source>
inline Target numeric_cast(Source arg BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET)
{
#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
// typedefs abbreviating respective trait classes
typedef std::numeric_limits<Source> arg_traits;
typedef detail::fixed_numeric_limits<Target> result_traits;
#endif
#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS
// typedefs that act as compile time assertions
// (to be replaced by boost compile time assertions
// as and when they become available and are stable)
typedef bool argument_must_be_numeric[arg_traits::is_specialized];
typedef bool result_must_be_numeric[result_traits::is_specialized];
const bool arg_is_signed = arg_traits::is_signed;
const bool result_is_signed = result_traits::is_signed;
const bool same_sign = arg_is_signed == result_is_signed;
if (less_than_type_min<arg_is_signed, result_is_signed>::check(arg, result_traits::min())
|| greater_than_type_max<same_sign, arg_is_signed>::check(arg, result_traits::max())
)
#else // We need to use #pragma hacks if available
# if BOOST_MSVC
# pragma warning(push)
# pragma warning(disable : 4018)
#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
#pragma option push -w-8012
# endif
if ((arg < 0 && !result_traits::is_signed) // loss of negative range
|| (arg_traits::is_signed && arg < result_traits::min()) // underflow
|| arg > result_traits::max()) // overflow
# if BOOST_MSVC
# pragma warning(pop)
#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
#pragma option pop
# endif
#endif
{
throw bad_numeric_cast();
}
return static_cast<Target>(arg);
} // numeric_cast
# undef BOOST_EXPLICIT_DEFAULT_TARGET
} // namespace boost
#endif // BOOST_CAST_HPP
include/boost/lexical_cast.hpp
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// boost lexical_cast.hpp header -------------------------------------------//
// See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
#ifndef BOOST_LEXICAL_CAST_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_LEXICAL_CAST_INCLUDED
// what: lexical_cast custom keyword cast
// who: contributed by Kevlin Henney, with alternative naming, behaviors
// and fixes contributed by Dave Abrahams, Daryle Walker and other
// Boosters on the list
// when: November 2000
// where: tested with MSVC 6.0, BCC 5.5, and g++ 2.91
#include <boost/config.hpp>
# ifndef BOOST_NO_STRINGSTREAM
# include <sstream>
# else
# include <strstream>
# endif
#include <typeinfo>
namespace boost
{
// exception used to indicate runtime lexical_cast failure
class bad_lexical_cast : public std::bad_cast
{
public:
// constructors, destructors, and assignment operator defaulted
// function inlined for brevity and consistency with rest of library
virtual const char * what() const throw()
{
return "bad lexical cast: "
"source type value could not be interpreted as target";
}
};
template<typename Target, typename Source>
Target lexical_cast(Source arg)
{
# ifndef BOOST_NO_STRINGSTREAM
std::stringstream interpreter;
# else
std::strstream interpreter; // for out-of-the-box g++ 2.95.2
# endif
Target result;
if(!(interpreter << arg) || !(interpreter >> result) ||
!(interpreter >> std::ws).eof())
throw bad_lexical_cast();
return result;
}
}
// Copyright Kevlin Henney, 2000. All rights reserved.
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that this copyright and
// permissions notice appear in all copies and derivatives, and that no
// charge may be made for the software and its documentation except to cover
// cost of distribution.
//
// This software is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
#endif
index.htm
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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<title>Boost Conversion Library</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
<h1><img border="0" src="../../c++boost.gif" align="center" width="277" height="86">Boost
Conversion Library</h1>
<p>The Conversion Library improves program safety and clarity by performing
otherwise messy conversions.&nbsp; It includes cast-style function templates designed to complement the C++
Standard's built-in casts.</p>
<p>To reduce coupling, particularly to standard library IOStreams, the Boost
Conversion Library is
supplied by several headers:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <a href="cast.htm">boost/cast</a> header provides <b>polymorphic_cast&lt;&gt;</b>
and <b>polymorphic_downcast&lt;&gt;</b> to perform safe casting between
polymorphic types, and <b> numeric_cast</b><i>&lt;&gt;</i> to perform safe casting
between numeric types.<br>
</li>
<li>The <a href="lexical_cast.htm">boost/lexical_cast</a> header provides <b>lexical_cast&lt;&gt;</b>
general literal text conversions, such as an <code>int</code> represented as
a <code>string</code>, or vice-versa.</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p>Revised <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED"
S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan -->06 January, 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="38320" -->
</p>
</body>
</html>
lexical_cast_test.cpp
-149
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@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
// boost lexical_cast_test.cpp program -------------------------------------//
// See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
// what: lexical_cast custom keyword cast tests
// who: contributed by Kevlin Henney
// when: October 2000
// where: tested with MSVC 6.0 and BCC 5.5
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include "test.hpp"
#include <complex>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace boost;
using namespace std;
typedef test::test<const char *, void (*)()> test_case;
typedef const test_case * test_case_iterator;
extern const test_case_iterator begin, end;
int main()
{
test::tester<test_case_iterator> test_suite(begin, end);
return test_suite() ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
}
void test_to_string()
{
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<string>(2001), "2001",
"2001 -> \"2001\"");
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<string>(2001.0), "2001",
"2001.0 ->\"2001\"");
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<string>(complex<double>(2000,1)), "(2000,1)",
"complex<double>(2000,1) -> \"(2000,1)\"");
}
void test_to_int()
{
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<int>("2001"), 2001,
"\"2001\" -> 2001");
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<int>(" 2001"), 2001,
"\" 2001\" -> 2001");
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<int>("2001 "), 2001,
"\"2001 \" -> 2001");
TEST_CHECK_THROW(
lexical_cast<int>("Two thousand and one"),
bad_lexical_cast,
"\"Two thousand and one\"");
TEST_CHECK_THROW(
lexical_cast<int>("2001: A Space Odyssey"),
bad_lexical_cast,
"\"2001: A Space Odyssey\"");
TEST_CHECK_THROW(
lexical_cast<int>(200.1),
bad_lexical_cast,
"200.1");
TEST_CHECK_THROW(
lexical_cast<int>("200e1"),
bad_lexical_cast,
"\"200e1\"");
}
void test_to_char()
{
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<char>("2"), '2',
"\"2\" -> '2'");
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<char>(" 2"), '2',
"\" 2\" -> '2'");
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<char>("2 "), '2',
"\"2 \" -> '2'");
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<char>(2), '2',
"2 -> '2'");
TEST_CHECK_THROW(
lexical_cast<char>("2001"),
bad_lexical_cast,
"\"2001\"");
TEST_CHECK_THROW(
lexical_cast<char>(2001),
bad_lexical_cast,
"2001");
}
void test_to_double()
{
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<double>("1e6"), 1e6,
"\"1e6\" -> 1e6");
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<double>("1e-2"), 1e-2,
"\"1e-2\" -> 1e-2");
}
void test_to_bool()
{
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<bool>(1), true,
"1 -> true");
test::check_equal(
lexical_cast<bool>('0'), false,
"'0' -> false");
TEST_CHECK_THROW(
lexical_cast<bool>(2001),
bad_lexical_cast,
"2001");
TEST_CHECK_THROW(
lexical_cast<bool>(2),
bad_lexical_cast,
"2");
TEST_CHECK_THROW(
lexical_cast<bool>("true thousand and one"),
bad_lexical_cast,
"\"true thousand and one\"");
}
const test_case test_cases[] =
{
{ "lexical_cast<std::string>", test_to_string },
{ "lexical_cast<int>", test_to_int },
{ "lexical_cast<char>", test_to_char },
{ "lexical_cast<double>", test_to_double },
{ "lexical_cast<bool>", test_to_bool }
};
const test_case_iterator begin = test_cases;
const test_case_iterator end =
test_cases + (sizeof test_cases / sizeof *test_cases);
// Copyright Kevlin Henney, 2000. All rights reserved.
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that this copyright and
// permissions notice appear in all copies and derivatives, and that no
// charge may be made for the software and its documentation except to cover
// cost of distribution.
//
// This software is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
test.hpp
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@@ -1,312 +0,0 @@
// what: simple unit test framework
// who: developed by Kevlin Henney
// when: November 2000
// where: tested with BCC 5.5, MSVC 6.0, and g++ 2.91
//
// ChangeLog:
// 20 Jan 2001 - Fixed a warning for MSVC (Dave Abrahams)
#ifndef TEST_INCLUDED
#define TEST_INCLUDED
#include <exception>
#include <iostream>
#include <strstream> // for out-of-the-box g++
#include <string>
namespace test // test tuple comprises name and nullary function (object)
{
template<typename string_type, typename function_type>
struct test
{
string_type name;
function_type action;
static test make(string_type name, function_type action)
{
test result; // MSVC aggreggate initializer bugs
result.name = name;
result.action = action;
return result;
}
};
}
namespace test // failure exception used to indicate checked test failures
{
class failure : public std::exception
{
public: // struction (default cases are OK)
failure(const std::string & why)
: reason(why)
{
}
// std::~string has no exception-specification (could throw anything),
// but we need to be compatible with std::~exception's empty one
// see std::15.4p13 and std::15.4p3
~failure() throw()
{
}
public: // usage
virtual const char * what() const throw()
{
return reason.c_str();
}
private: // representation
std::string reason;
};
}
namespace test // not_implemented exception used to mark unimplemented tests
{
class not_implemented : public std::exception
{
public: // usage (default ctor and dtor are OK)
virtual const char * what() const throw()
{
return "not implemented";
}
};
}
namespace test // test utilities
{
inline void check(bool condition, const std::string & description)
{
if(!condition)
{
throw failure(description);
}
}
inline void check_true(bool value, const std::string & description)
{
check(value, "expected true: " + description);
}
inline void check_false(bool value, const std::string & description)
{
check(!value, "expected false: " + description);
}
template<typename lhs_type, typename rhs_type>
void check_equal(
const lhs_type & lhs, const rhs_type & rhs,
const std::string & description)
{
check(lhs == rhs, "expected equal values: " + description);
}
template<typename lhs_type, typename rhs_type>
void check_unequal(
const lhs_type & lhs, const rhs_type & rhs,
const std::string & description)
{
check(lhs != rhs, "expected unequal values: " + description);
}
inline void check_null(const void* ptr, const std::string & description)
{
check(!ptr, "expected null pointer: " + description);
}
inline void check_non_null(const void* ptr, const std::string & description)
{
check(ptr != 0, "expected non-null pointer: " + description);
}
}
#define TEST_CHECK_THROW(expression, exception, description) \
try \
{ \
expression; \
throw ::test::failure(description); \
} \
catch(exception &) \
{ \
}
namespace test // memory tracking (enabled if test new and delete linked in)
{
class allocations
{
public: // singleton access
static allocations & instance()
{
static allocations singleton;
return singleton;
}
public: // logging
void clear()
{
alloc_count = dealloc_count = 0;
}
void allocation()
{
++alloc_count;
}
void deallocation()
{
++dealloc_count;
}
public: // reporting
unsigned long allocated() const
{
return alloc_count;
}
unsigned long deallocated() const
{
return dealloc_count;
}
bool balanced() const
{
return alloc_count == dealloc_count;
}
private: // structors (default dtor is fine)
allocations()
: alloc_count(0), dealloc_count(0)
{
}
private: // prevention
allocations(const allocations &);
allocations & operator=(const allocations &);
private: // state
unsigned long alloc_count, dealloc_count;
};
}
namespace test // tester is the driver class for a sequence of tests
{
template<typename test_iterator>
class tester
{
public: // structors (default destructor is OK)
tester(test_iterator first_test, test_iterator after_last_test)
: begin(first_test), end(after_last_test)
{
}
public: // usage
bool operator()(); // returns true if all tests passed
private: // representation
test_iterator begin, end;
private: // prevention
tester(const tester &);
tester &operator=(const tester &);
};
template<typename test_iterator>
bool tester<test_iterator>::operator()()
{
using namespace std;
unsigned long passed = 0, failed = 0, unimplemented = 0;
for(test_iterator current = begin; current != end; ++current)
{
cerr << "[" << current->name << "] " << flush;
string result = "passed"; // optimistic
try
{
allocations::instance().clear();
current->action();
if(!allocations::instance().balanced())
{
unsigned long allocated = allocations::instance().allocated();
unsigned long deallocated = allocations::instance().deallocated();
ostrstream report;
report << "new/delete ("
<< allocated << " allocated, "
<< deallocated << " deallocated)"
<< ends;
const char * text = report.str();
report.freeze(false);
throw failure(text);
}
++passed;
}
catch(const failure & caught)
{
(result = "failed: ") += caught.what();
++failed;
}
catch(const not_implemented &)
{
result = "not implemented";
++unimplemented;
}
catch(const exception & caught)
{
(result = "exception: ") += caught.what();
++failed;
}
catch(...)
{
result = "failed with unknown exception";
++failed;
}
cerr << result << endl;
}
cerr << passed + failed << " tests: "
<< passed << " passed, "
<< failed << " failed";
if(unimplemented)
{
cerr << " (" << unimplemented << " not implemented)";
}
cerr << endl;
return failed == 0;
}
}
#endif
// Copyright Kevlin Henney, 2000. All rights reserved.
//
// Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
// purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that this copyright and
// permissions notice appear in all copies and derivatives, and that no
// charge may be made for the software and its documentation except to cover
// cost of distribution.
//
// This software is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.