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Update examples.adoc
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@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ template<class... Tp,
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## Computing Return Types
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C++17 has a standard variant type, called `std::variant`. It also defines a function template
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{cpp}17 has a standard variant type, called `std::variant`. It also defines a function template
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`std::visit` that can be used to apply a function to the contained value of one or more variants.
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So for instance, if the variant `v1` contains `1`, and the variant `v2` contains `2.0f`,
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`std::visit(f, v1, v2)` will call `f(1, 2.0f)`.
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@@ -410,28 +410,31 @@ We'll first define a helper quoted metafunction `Qret<F>` that returns the resul
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decltype( std::declval<F>()( std::declval<T>()... ) );
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};
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Unfortunately, we can't just define this metafunction inside `rvisit`; the language prohibits defining template aliases inside functions.
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But we can make use of another C++17 feature for an alternative which can be defined inside and simplifies the implementation further:
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It turns out that {cpp}17 already contains a metafunction that returns the result of the application of a function `F` to arguments
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of type `T...`: `std::invoke_result_t<F, T...>`. We can make use of it to simplify our `Qret` to
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using Qret_F = mp_bind_front<std::invoke_result_t, F>;
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template<class F> struct Qret
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{
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template<class... T> using fn = std::invoke_result_t<F, T...>;
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};
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which in Mp11 can be expressed more concisely as
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using Qret = mp_bind_front<std::invoke_result_t, F>;
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With `Qret` in hand, a `variant` of the possible return types is just a matter of applying it over the possible combinations of the variant values:
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using R = mp_product_q<Qret<F>, std::decay_t<V>...>;
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// or
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using R = mp_product_q<Qret_F, std::decay_t<V>...>;
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using R = mp_product_q<Qret, remove_cv_ref<V>...>;
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Why does this work? `mp_product<F, L1<T1...>, L2<T2...>, ..., Ln<Tn...>>` returns `L1<F<U1, U2, ..., Un>, ...>`, where `Ui` traverse all
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possible combinations of list values. Since in our case all `Li` are `std::variant`, the result will also be `std::variant`. (`mp_product_q` is
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the same as `mp_product`, but for quoted metafunctions such as our `Qret<F>` or `Qret_F`.) We needed to use `std::decay_t` for precisely the
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same reason as in the link:#fixing-tuple_cat[Fixing tuple_cat example], where `std::decay_t` is an equivalent alternative to `remove_cv_ref`.
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the same as `mp_product`, but for quoted metafunctions such as our `Qret`.)
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One more step remains. Suppose that, as above, we're passing two variants of type `std::variant<short, int, float>` and `F` is
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`[]( auto const& x, auto const& y ){ return x + y; }`. This will generate `R` of length 9, one per each combination, but many of those
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elements will be the same, either `int` or `float`, and we need to filter out the duplicates. So, we pass the result to `mp_unique`:
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using R = mp_unique<mp_product_q<Qret_F, std::decay_t<V>...>>;
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using R = mp_unique<mp_product_q<Qret, remove_cv_ref<V>...>>;
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and we're done:
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@@ -445,11 +448,14 @@ and we're done:
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using namespace boost::mp11;
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template<class T> using remove_cv_ref = typename std::remove_cv<
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typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type;
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template<class F, class... V> auto rvisit( F&& f, V&&... v )
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{
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using Qret_F = mp_bind_front<std::invoke_result_t, F>;
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using R = mp_unique<mp_product_q<Qret_F, std::decay_t<V>...>>;
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using Qret = mp_bind_front<std::invoke_result_t, F>;
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using R = mp_unique<mp_product_q<Qret, remove_cv_ref<V>...>>;
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return std::visit( [&]( auto&&... x )
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{ return R( std::forward<F>(f)( std::forward<decltype(x)>(x)... ) ); },
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@@ -475,7 +481,7 @@ int main()
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print_variant( "v1", v1 );
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std::variant<short, int, double> v2( 3.14 );
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std::variant<short, int, double> const v2( 3.14 );
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print_variant( "v2", v2 );
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