Full merge from trunk at revision 41356 of entire boost-root tree.

[SVN r41370]
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Beman Dawes
2007-11-25 18:38:02 +00:00
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<P>Copyright&nbsp;John Maddock 2006</P>
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using quickbook ;
path-constant boost-images : ../../../doc/src/images ;
xml type_traits : type_traits.qbk ;
boostbook standalone
:
type_traits
:
<xsl:param>nav.layout=none
<xsl:param>navig.graphics=0
# Path for links to Boost:
<xsl:param>boost.root=../../../..
# Path for libraries index:
<xsl:param>boost.libraries=../../../libraries.htm
# Use the main Boost stylesheet:
<xsl:param>html.stylesheet=../../../../doc/html/boostbook.css
# Some general style settings:
<xsl:param>table.footnote.number.format=1
<xsl:param>footnote.number.format=1
# HTML options first:
# Use graphics not text for navigation:
<xsl:param>navig.graphics=1
# How far down we chunk nested sections, basically all of them:
<xsl:param>chunk.section.depth=10
# Don't put the first section on the same page as the TOC:
<xsl:param>chunk.first.sections=1
# How far down sections get TOC's
<xsl:param>toc.section.depth=10
# Max depth in each TOC:
<xsl:param>toc.max.depth=4
# How far down we go with TOC's
<xsl:param>generate.section.toc.level=10
# PDF Options:
# TOC Generation: this is needed for FOP-0.9 and later:
# <xsl:param>fop1.extensions=1
<xsl:param>xep.extensions=1
# TOC generation: this is needed for FOP 0.2, but must not be set to zero for FOP-0.9!
<xsl:param>fop.extensions=0
# No indent on body text:
<xsl:param>body.start.indent=0pt
# Margin size:
<xsl:param>page.margin.inner=0.5in
# Margin size:
<xsl:param>page.margin.outer=0.5in
# Paper type = A4
<xsl:param>paper.type=A4
# Yes, we want graphics for admonishments:
<xsl:param>admon.graphics=1
# Set this one for PDF generation *only*:
# default pnd graphics are awful in PDF form,
# better use SVG's instead:
<format>pdf:<xsl:param>admon.graphics.extension=".svg"
<format>pdf:<xsl:param>admon.graphics.path=$(boost-images)/
;
install html : ../../../doc/html/boostbook.css ;
install ../ : ../../../boost.png ;
#install html : ../../../doc/html/boostbook.css ;
#install ../ : ../../../boost.png ;

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<html>
<head>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="boost_typetraits.background"></a><a href="background.html" title="Background and Tutorial"> Background and Tutorial</a>
</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
The following is an updated version of the article "C++ Type traits"
by John Maddock and Steve Cleary that appeared in the October 2000 issue of
<a href="http://www.ddj.com" target="_top">Dr Dobb's Journal</a>.
</p>
<p>
Generic programming (writing code which works with any data type meeting a
set of requirements) has become the method of choice for providing reusable
code. However, there are times in generic programming when "generic"
just isn't good enough - sometimes the differences between types are too large
for an efficient generic implementation. This is when the traits technique
becomes important - by encapsulating those properties that need to be considered
on a type by type basis inside a traits class, we can minimize the amount of
code that has to differ from one type to another, and maximize the amount of
generic code.
</p>
<p>
Consider an example: when working with character strings, one common operation
is to determine the length of a null terminated string. Clearly it's possible
to write generic code that can do this, but it turns out that there are much
more efficient methods available: for example, the C library functions <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">strlen</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">wcslen</span></code>
are usually written in assembler, and with suitable hardware support can be
considerably faster than a generic version written in C++. The authors of the
C++ standard library realized this, and abstracted the properties of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span></code>
into the class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">char_traits</span></code>.
Generic code that works with character strings can simply use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">char_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">length</span></code> to determine the length of a null
terminated string, safe in the knowledge that specializations of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">char_traits</span></code> will use the most appropriate
method available to them.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.background.type_traits"></a><h5>
<a name="id437803"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.background.type_traits">Type Traits</a>
</h5>
<p>
Class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">char_traits</span></code> is a classic
example of a collection of type specific properties wrapped up in a single
class - what Nathan Myers termed a <span class="emphasis"><em>baggage class</em></span><a href="background.html#background.references">[1]</a>. In the Boost type-traits library,
we<a href="background.html#background.references">[2]</a> have written a set of very
specific traits classes, each of which encapsulate a single trait from the
C++ type system; for example, is a type a pointer or a reference type? Or does
a type have a trivial constructor, or a const-qualifier? The type-traits classes
share a unified design: each class inherits from a the type <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>
if the type has the specified property and inherits from <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>
otherwise. As we will show, these classes can be used in generic programming
to determine the properties of a given type and introduce optimizations that
are appropriate for that case.
</p>
<p>
The type-traits library also contains a set of classes that perform a specific
transformation on a type; for example, they can remove a top-level const or
volatile qualifier from a type. Each class that performs a transformation defines
a single typedef-member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
that is the result of the transformation. All of the type-traits classes are
defined inside namespace <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span></code>;
for brevity, namespace-qualification is omitted in most of the code samples
given.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.background.implementation"></a><h5>
<a name="id437920"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.background.implementation">Implementation</a>
</h5>
<p>
There are far too many separate classes contained in the type-traits library
to give a full implementation here - see the source code in the Boost library
for the full details - however, most of the implementation is fairly repetitive
anyway, so here we will just give you a flavor for how some of the classes
are implemented. Beginning with possibly the simplest class in the library,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_void</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> inherits
from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>
only if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">void</span></code>.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/is_void.html" title="is_void">is_void</a> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/is_void.html" title="is_void">is_void</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
Here we define a primary version of the template class <code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/is_void.html" title="is_void">is_void</a></code>,
and provide a full-specialization when <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">void</span></code>. While full specialization
of a template class is an important technique, sometimes we need a solution
that is halfway between a fully generic solution, and a full specialization.
This is exactly the situation for which the standards committee defined partial
template-class specialization. As an example, consider the class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>:
here we needed a primary version that handles all the cases where T is not
a pointer, and a partial specialization to handle all the cases where T is
a pointer:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/is_pointer.html" title="is_pointer">is_pointer</a> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/is_pointer.html" title="is_pointer">is_pointer</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*&gt;</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
The syntax for partial specialization is somewhat arcane and could easily occupy
an article in its own right; like full specialization, in order to write a
partial specialization for a class, you must first declare the primary template.
The partial specialization contains an extra &lt;...&gt; after the class name
that contains the partial specialization parameters; these define the types
that will bind to that partial specialization rather than the default template.
The rules for what can appear in a partial specialization are somewhat convoluted,
but as a rule of thumb if you can legally write two function overloads of the
form:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
Then you can also write a partial specialization of the form:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">{</span> <span class="comment">/*details*/</span> <span class="special">};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">&gt;{</span> <span class="comment">/*details*/</span> <span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
This rule is by no means foolproof, but it is reasonably simple to remember
and close enough to the actual rule to be useful for everyday use.
</p>
<p>
As a more complex example of partial specialization consider the class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>. This
class defines a single typedef-member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
that is the same type as T but with any top-level array bounds removed; this
is an example of a traits class that performs a transformation on a type:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent">remove_extent</a>
<span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent">remove_extent</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">]&gt;</span>
<span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
The aim of <code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent">remove_extent</a></code>
is this: imagine a generic algorithm that is passed an array type as a template
parameter, <code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent">remove_extent</a></code>
provides a means of determining the underlying type of the array. For example
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> would evaluate to the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">]</span></code>. This example also shows that the number of
template parameters in a partial specialization does not have to match the
number in the default template. However, the number of parameters that appear
after the class name do have to match the number and type of the parameters
in the default template.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.background.optimized_copy"></a><h5>
<a name="id490307"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.background.optimized_copy">Optimized copy</a>
</h5>
<p>
As an example of how the type traits classes can be used, consider the standard
library algorithm copy:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Iter1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Iter2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="identifier">Iter2</span> <span class="identifier">copy</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Iter1</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Iter1</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Iter2</span> <span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
Obviously, there's no problem writing a generic version of copy that works
for all iterator types <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter1</span></code>
and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter2</span></code>; however, there are
some circumstances when the copy operation can best be performed by a call
to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code>. In order to implement
copy in terms of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code> all
of the following conditions need to be met:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
Both of the iterator types <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter1</span></code>
and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter2</span></code> must be pointers.
</li>
<li>
Both <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter1</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter2</span></code> must point to the same type - excluding
const and volatile-qualifiers.
</li>
<li>
The type pointed to by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter1</span></code>
must have a trivial assignment operator.
</li>
</ul></div>
<p>
By trivial assignment operator we mean that the type is either a scalar type<a href="background.html#background.references">[3]</a> or:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
The type has no user defined assignment operator.
</li>
<li>
The type does not have any data members that are references.
</li>
<li>
All base classes, and all data member objects must have trivial assignment
operators.
</li>
</ul></div>
<p>
If all these conditions are met then a type can be copied using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code> rather than using a compiler generated
assignment operator. The type-traits library provides a class <code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a></code>,
such that <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_assign</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is true only if T has a trivial assignment
operator. This class "just works" for scalar types, but has to be
explicitly specialised for class/struct types that also happen to have a trivial
assignment operator. In other words if <a href="reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a>
gives the wrong answer, it will give the "safe" wrong answer - that
trivial assignment is not allowable.
</p>
<p>
The code for an optimized version of copy that uses <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code>
where appropriate is given in <a href="examples/copy.html" title="An Optimized Version of std::copy">the
examples</a>. The code begins by defining a template function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">do_copy</span></code> that performs a "slow but safe"
copy. The last parameter passed to this function may be either a <code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>
or a <code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code>.
Following that there is an overload of do<span class="underline">copy that
uses `memcpy`: this time the iterators are required to actually be pointers
to the same type, and the final parameter must be a `</span>_true_type<code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">.</span> <span class="identifier">Finally</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">the</span> <span class="identifier">version</span>
<span class="identifier">of</span> </code>copy<code class="computeroutput"> <span class="identifier">calls</span>
</code>do<span class="underline">copy`, passing `</span>_has_trivial_assign&lt;value_type&gt;()`
as the final parameter: this will dispatch to the optimized version where appropriate,
otherwise it will call the "slow but safe version".
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.background.was_it_worth_it_"></a><h5>
<a name="id490852"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.background.was_it_worth_it_">Was it worth it?</a>
</h5>
<p>
It has often been repeated in these columns that "premature optimization
is the root of all evil" <a href="background.html#background.references">[4]</a>.
So the question must be asked: was our optimization premature? To put this
in perspective the timings for our version of copy compared a conventional
generic copy<a href="background.html#background.references">[5]</a> are shown in table
1.
</p>
<p>
Clearly the optimization makes a difference in this case; but, to be fair,
the timings are loaded to exclude cache miss effects - without this accurate
comparison between algorithms becomes difficult. However, perhaps we can add
a couple of caveats to the premature optimization rule:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
If you use the right algorithm for the job in the first place then optimization
will not be required; in some cases, memcpy is the right algorithm.
</li>
<li>
If a component is going to be reused in many places by many people then optimizations
may well be worthwhile where they would not be so for a single case - in
other words, the likelihood that the optimization will be absolutely necessary
somewhere, sometime is that much higher. Just as importantly the perceived
value of the stock implementation will be higher: there is no point standardizing
an algorithm if users reject it on the grounds that there are better, more
heavily optimized versions available.
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="table">
<a name="id490923"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.1.<2E>Time taken to copy 1000 elements using `copy&lt;const
T*, T*&gt;` (times in micro-seconds)</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Time taken to copy 1000 elements using `copy&lt;const
T*, T*&gt;` (times in micro-seconds)">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Version
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
T
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Time
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
"Optimized" copy
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
char
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
0.99
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
Conventional copy
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
char
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
8.07
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
"Optimized" copy
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
int
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
2.52
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
Conventional copy
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
int
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
8.02
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"><a name="boost_typetraits.background.pair_of_references"></a><h5>
<a name="id491080"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.background.pair_of_references">Pair of References</a>
</h5>
<p>
The optimized copy example shows how type traits may be used to perform optimization
decisions at compile-time. Another important usage of type traits is to allow
code to compile that otherwise would not do so unless excessive partial specialization
is used. This is possible by delegating partial specialization to the type
traits classes. Our example for this form of usage is a pair that can hold
references <a href="background.html#background.references">[6]</a>.
</p>
<p>
First, let us examine the definition of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pair</span></code>, omitting
the comparison operators, default constructor, and template copy constructor
for simplicity:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">pair</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">first_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">second_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">second</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">pair</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">nfirst</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">nsecond</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">:</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">nfirst</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">second</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">nsecond</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
Now, this "pair" cannot hold references as it currently stands, because
the constructor would require taking a reference to a reference, which is currently
illegal <a href="background.html#background.references">[7]</a>. Let us consider what
the constructor's parameters would have to be in order to allow "pair"
to hold non-reference types, references, and constant references:
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id491443"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.2.<2E>Required Constructor Argument Types</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Required Constructor Argument Types">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Type of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T1</span></code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Type of parameter to initializing constructor
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
T
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"><p>
A little familiarity with the type traits classes allows us to construct a
single mapping that allows us to determine the type of parameter from the type
of the contained class. The type traits classes provide a transformation <a href="reference/add_reference.html" title="add_reference">add_reference</a>, which
adds a reference to its type, unless it is already a reference.
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id491567"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.3.<2E>Using add_reference to synthesize the correct constructor
type</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Using add_reference to synthesize the correct constructor
type">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Type of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T1</span></code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Type of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span></code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Type of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
T
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
T &amp; [8]
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"><p>
This allows us to build a primary template definition for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">pair</span></code>
that can contain non-reference types, reference types, and constant reference
types:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">pair</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">first_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">second_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">second</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">pair</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="reference/add_reference.html" title="add_reference">add_reference</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span> <span class="identifier">nfirst</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="reference/add_reference.html" title="add_reference">add_reference</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span> <span class="identifier">nsecond</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">:</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">nfirst</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">second</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">nsecond</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
Add back in the standard comparison operators, default constructor, and template
copy constructor (which are all the same), and you have a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pair</span></code> that
can hold reference types!
</p>
<p>
This same extension could have been done using partial template specialization
of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">pair</span></code>, but to specialize
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">pair</span></code> in this way would require
three partial specializations, plus the primary template. Type traits allows
us to define a single primary template that adjusts itself auto-magically to
any of these partial specializations, instead of a brute-force partial specialization
approach. Using type traits in this fashion allows programmers to delegate
partial specialization to the type traits classes, resulting in code that is
easier to maintain and easier to understand.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.background.conclusion"></a><h5>
<a name="id492190"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.background.conclusion">Conclusion</a>
</h5>
<p>
We hope that in this article we have been able to give you some idea of what
type-traits are all about. A more complete listing of the available classes
are in the boost documentation, along with further examples using type traits.
Templates have enabled C++ uses to take the advantage of the code reuse that
generic programming brings; hopefully this article has shown that generic programming
does not have to sink to the lowest common denominator, and that templates
can be optimal as well as generic.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.background.acknowledgements"></a><h5>
<a name="id492491"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.background.acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a>
</h5>
<p>
The authors would like to thank Beman Dawes and Howard Hinnant for their helpful
comments when preparing this article.
</p>
<a name="background.references"></a><a name="boost_typetraits.background.references"></a><h5>
<a name="id492525"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.background.references">References</a>
</h5>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1">
<li>
Nathan C. Myers, C++ Report, June 1995.
</li>
<li>
The type traits library is based upon contributions by Steve Cleary, Beman
Dawes, Howard Hinnant and John Maddock: it can be found at www.boost.org.
</li>
<li>
A scalar type is an arithmetic type (i.e. a built-in integer or floating
point type), an enumeration type, a pointer, a pointer to member, or a const-
or volatile-qualified version of one of these types.
</li>
<li>
This quote is from Donald Knuth, ACM Computing Surveys, December 1974, pg
268.
</li>
<li>
The test code is available as part of the boost utility library (see algo_opt_examples.cpp),
the code was compiled with gcc 2.95 with all optimisations turned on, tests
were conducted on a 400MHz Pentium II machine running Microsoft Windows 98.
</li>
<li>
John Maddock and Howard Hinnant have submitted a "compressed_pair"
library to Boost, which uses a technique similar to the one described here
to hold references. Their pair also uses type traits to determine if any
of the types are empty, and will derive instead of contain to conserve space
-- hence the name "compressed".
</li>
<li>
This is actually an issue with the C++ Core Language Working Group (issue
#106), submitted by Bjarne Stroustrup. The tentative resolution is to allow
a "reference to a reference to T" to mean the same thing as a "reference
to T", but only in template instantiation, in a method similar to multiple
cv-qualifiers.
</li>
<li>
For those of you who are wondering why this shouldn't be const-qualified,
remember that references are always implicitly constant (for example, you
can't re-assign a reference). Remember also that "const T &amp;"
is something completely different. For this reason, cv-qualifiers on template
type arguments that are references are ignored.
</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="category/value_traits.html"> Type Traits
that Describe the Properties of a Type</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="category/value_traits/primary.html"> Categorizing
a Type</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="category/value_traits/properties.html">
General Type Properties</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="category/value_traits/relate.html"> Relationships
Between Two Types</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="category/transform.html"> Type Traits that
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="category/alignment.html"> Synthesizing Types
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="category/function.html"> Decomposing Function
Types</a></span></dt>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
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Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.alignment"></a><a href="alignment.html" title="Synthesizing Types with Specific Alignments"> Synthesizing Types
with Specific Alignments</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Some low level memory management routines need to synthesize a POD type with
specific alignment properties. The template <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/type_with_alignment.html" title="type_with_alignment">type_with_alignment</a></code>
finds the smallest type with a specified alignment, while template <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/aligned_storage.html" title="aligned_storage">aligned_storage</a></code>
creates a type with a specific size and alignment.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Synopsis</strong></span>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">Align</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/type_with_alignment.html" title="type_with_alignment">type_with_alignment</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">Size</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">Align</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/aligned_storage.html" title="aligned_storage">aligned_storage</a><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
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Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The following is an updated version of the article "C++ Type traits"
by John Maddock and Steve Cleary that appeared in the October 2000 issue
of <a href="http://www.ddj.com" target="_top">Dr Dobb's Journal</a>.
</p>
<p>
Generic programming (writing code which works with any data type meeting
a set of requirements) has become the method of choice for providing reusable
code. However, there are times in generic programming when "generic"
just isn't good enough - sometimes the differences between types are too
large for an efficient generic implementation. This is when the traits technique
becomes important - by encapsulating those properties that need to be considered
on a type by type basis inside a traits class, we can minimize the amount
of code that has to differ from one type to another, and maximize the amount
of generic code.
</p>
<p>
Consider an example: when working with character strings, one common operation
is to determine the length of a null terminated string. Clearly it's possible
to write generic code that can do this, but it turns out that there are much
more efficient methods available: for example, the C library functions <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">strlen</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">wcslen</span></code>
are usually written in assembler, and with suitable hardware support can
be considerably faster than a generic version written in C++. The authors
of the C++ standard library realized this, and abstracted the properties
of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span></code>
into the class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">char_traits</span></code>.
Generic code that works with character strings can simply use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">char_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">length</span></code> to determine the length of a null
terminated string, safe in the knowledge that specializations of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">char_traits</span></code> will use the most appropriate
method available to them.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.background.type_traits"></a><h5>
<a name="id437674"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.category.background.type_traits">Type Traits</a>
</h5>
<p>
Class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">char_traits</span></code> is a classic
example of a collection of type specific properties wrapped up in a single
class - what Nathan Myers termed a <span class="emphasis"><em>baggage class</em></span><a href="../../">[1]</a>. In the Boost type-traits library,
we<a href="../../">[2]</a> have written a set of
very specific traits classes, each of which encapsulate a single trait from
the C++ type system; for example, is a type a pointer or a reference type?
Or does a type have a trivial constructor, or a const-qualifier? The type-traits
classes share a unified design: each class inherits from a the type <a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a> if
the type has the specified property and inherits from <a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>
otherwise. As we will show, these classes can be used in generic programming
to determine the properties of a given type and introduce optimizations that
are appropriate for that case.
</p>
<p>
The type-traits library also contains a set of classes that perform a specific
transformation on a type; for example, they can remove a top-level const
or volatile qualifier from a type. Each class that performs a transformation
defines a single typedef-member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
that is the result of the transformation. All of the type-traits classes
are defined inside namespace <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span></code>;
for brevity, namespace-qualification is omitted in most of the code samples
given.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.background.implementation"></a><h5>
<a name="id437797"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.category.background.implementation">Implementation</a>
</h5>
<p>
There are far too many separate classes contained in the type-traits library
to give a full implementation here - see the source code in the Boost library
for the full details - however, most of the implementation is fairly repetitive
anyway, so here we will just give you a flavor for how some of the classes
are implemented. Beginning with possibly the simplest class in the library,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_void</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> inherits
from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>
only if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">void</span></code>.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/is_void.html" title="is_void">is_void</a> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/is_void.html" title="is_void">is_void</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
Here we define a primary version of the template class <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/is_void.html" title="is_void">is_void</a></code>,
and provide a full-specialization when <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">void</span></code>. While full specialization
of a template class is an important technique, sometimes we need a solution
that is halfway between a fully generic solution, and a full specialization.
This is exactly the situation for which the standards committee defined partial
template-class specialization. As an example, consider the class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>:
here we needed a primary version that handles all the cases where T is not
a pointer, and a partial specialization to handle all the cases where T is
a pointer:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/is_pointer.html" title="is_pointer">is_pointer</a> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/is_pointer.html" title="is_pointer">is_pointer</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*&gt;</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
The syntax for partial specialization is somewhat arcane and could easily
occupy an article in its own right; like full specialization, in order to
write a partial specialization for a class, you must first declare the primary
template. The partial specialization contains an extra &lt;...&gt; after
the class name that contains the partial specialization parameters; these
define the types that will bind to that partial specialization rather than
the default template. The rules for what can appear in a partial specialization
are somewhat convoluted, but as a rule of thumb if you can legally write
two function overloads of the form:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
Then you can also write a partial specialization of the form:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">{</span> <span class="comment">/*details*/</span> <span class="special">};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">&gt;{</span> <span class="comment">/*details*/</span> <span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
This rule is by no means foolproof, but it is reasonably simple to remember
and close enough to the actual rule to be useful for everyday use.
</p>
<p>
As a more complex example of partial specialization consider the class <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>.
This class defines a single typedef-member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
that is the same type as T but with any top-level array bounds removed; this
is an example of a traits class that performs a transformation on a type:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent">remove_extent</a>
<span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent">remove_extent</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">]&gt;</span>
<span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
The aim of <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent">remove_extent</a></code>
is this: imagine a generic algorithm that is passed an array type as a template
parameter, <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent">remove_extent</a></code>
provides a means of determining the underlying type of the array. For example
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> would evaluate to the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">]</span></code>. This example also shows that the number
of template parameters in a partial specialization does not have to match
the number in the default template. However, the number of parameters that
appear after the class name do have to match the number and type of the parameters
in the default template.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.background.optimized_copy"></a><h5>
<a name="id490244"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.category.background.optimized_copy">Optimized
copy</a>
</h5>
<p>
As an example of how the type traits classes can be used, consider the standard
library algorithm copy:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Iter1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">Iter2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="identifier">Iter2</span> <span class="identifier">copy</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Iter1</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Iter1</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Iter2</span> <span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">);</span>
</pre>
<p>
Obviously, there's no problem writing a generic version of copy that works
for all iterator types <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter1</span></code>
and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter2</span></code>; however, there
are some circumstances when the copy operation can best be performed by a
call to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code>. In order
to implement copy in terms of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code>
all of the following conditions need to be met:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
Both of the iterator types <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter1</span></code>
and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter2</span></code> must be pointers.
</li>
<li>
Both <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter1</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter2</span></code> must point to the same type - excluding
const and volatile-qualifiers.
</li>
<li>
The type pointed to by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Iter1</span></code>
must have a trivial assignment operator.
</li>
</ul></div>
<p>
By trivial assignment operator we mean that the type is either a scalar type<a href="../../">[3]</a> or:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
The type has no user defined assignment operator.
</li>
<li>
The type does not have any data members that are references.
</li>
<li>
All base classes, and all data member objects must have trivial assignment
operators.
</li>
</ul></div>
<p>
If all these conditions are met then a type can be copied using <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code> rather than using a compiler generated
assignment operator. The type-traits library provides a class <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a></code>,
such that <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_assign</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is true only if T has a trivial assignment
operator. This class "just works" for scalar types, but has to
be explicitly specialised for class/struct types that also happen to have
a trivial assignment operator. In other words if <a href="../reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a>
gives the wrong answer, it will give the "safe" wrong answer -
that trivial assignment is not allowable.
</p>
<p>
The code for an optimized version of copy that uses <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code>
where appropriate is given in <a href="../../">the examples</a>.
The code begins by defining a template function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">do_copy</span></code>
that performs a "slow but safe" copy. The last parameter passed
to this function may be either a <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>
or a <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code>.
Following that there is an overload of do<span class="underline">copy
that uses `memcpy`: this time the iterators are required to actually be pointers
to the same type, and the final parameter must be a `</span>_true_type<code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">.</span> <span class="identifier">Finally</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">the</span> <span class="identifier">version</span> <span class="identifier">of</span>
</code>copy<code class="computeroutput"> <span class="identifier">calls</span> </code>do<span class="underline">copy`, passing `</span>_has_trivial_assign&lt;value_type&gt;()`
as the final parameter: this will dispatch to the optimized version where
appropriate, otherwise it will call the "slow but safe version".
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.background.was_it_worth_it_"></a><h5>
<a name="id490786"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.category.background.was_it_worth_it_">Was
it worth it?</a>
</h5>
<p>
It has often been repeated in these columns that "premature optimization
is the root of all evil" <a href="../../">[4]</a>.
So the question must be asked: was our optimization premature? To put this
in perspective the timings for our version of copy compared a conventional
generic copy<a href="../../">[5]</a> are shown in
table 1.
</p>
<p>
Clearly the optimization makes a difference in this case; but, to be fair,
the timings are loaded to exclude cache miss effects - without this accurate
comparison between algorithms becomes difficult. However, perhaps we can
add a couple of caveats to the premature optimization rule:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
If you use the right algorithm for the job in the first place then optimization
will not be required; in some cases, memcpy is the right algorithm.
</li>
<li>
If a component is going to be reused in many places by many people then
optimizations may well be worthwhile where they would not be so for a single
case - in other words, the likelihood that the optimization will be absolutely
necessary somewhere, sometime is that much higher. Just as importantly
the perceived value of the stock implementation will be higher: there is
no point standardizing an algorithm if users reject it on the grounds that
there are better, more heavily optimized versions available.
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="table">
<a name="id490853"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.1.<2E>Time taken to copy 1000 elements using `copy&lt;const
T*, T*&gt;` (times in micro-seconds)</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Time taken to copy 1000 elements using `copy&lt;const
T*, T*&gt;` (times in micro-seconds)">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Version
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
T
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Time
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
"Optimized" copy
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
char
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
0.99
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
Conventional copy
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
char
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
8.07
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
"Optimized" copy
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
int
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
2.52
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
Conventional copy
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
int
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
8.02
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"><a name="boost_typetraits.category.background.pair_of_references"></a><h5>
<a name="id491010"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.category.background.pair_of_references">Pair
of References</a>
</h5>
<p>
The optimized copy example shows how type traits may be used to perform optimization
decisions at compile-time. Another important usage of type traits is to allow
code to compile that otherwise would not do so unless excessive partial specialization
is used. This is possible by delegating partial specialization to the type
traits classes. Our example for this form of usage is a pair that can hold
references <a href="../../">[6]</a>.
</p>
<p>
First, let us examine the definition of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pair</span></code>,
omitting the comparison operators, default constructor, and template copy
constructor for simplicity:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">pair</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">first_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">second_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">second</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">pair</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">nfirst</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">nsecond</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">:</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">nfirst</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">second</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">nsecond</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
Now, this "pair" cannot hold references as it currently stands,
because the constructor would require taking a reference to a reference,
which is currently illegal <a href="../../">[7]</a>.
Let us consider what the constructor's parameters would have to be in order
to allow "pair" to hold non-reference types, references, and constant
references:
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id491374"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.2.<2E>Required Constructor Argument Types</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Required Constructor Argument Types">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Type of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T1</span></code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Type of parameter to initializing constructor
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
T
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"><p>
A little familiarity with the type traits classes allows us to construct
a single mapping that allows us to determine the type of parameter from the
type of the contained class. The type traits classes provide a transformation
<a href="../reference/add_reference.html" title="add_reference">add_reference</a>,
which adds a reference to its type, unless it is already a reference.
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id491508"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.3.<2E>Using add_reference to synthesize the correct constructor
type</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Using add_reference to synthesize the correct constructor
type">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Type of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T1</span></code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Type of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span></code>
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Type of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
T
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
T &amp; [8]
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
const T &amp;
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"><p>
This allows us to build a primary template definition for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">pair</span></code>
that can contain non-reference types, reference types, and constant reference
types:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">pair</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">first_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">second_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">second</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">pair</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/add_reference.html" title="add_reference">add_reference</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span> <span class="identifier">nfirst</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/add_reference.html" title="add_reference">add_reference</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span> <span class="identifier">nsecond</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">:</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">nfirst</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">second</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">nsecond</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
Add back in the standard comparison operators, default constructor, and template
copy constructor (which are all the same), and you have a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">pair</span></code>
that can hold reference types!
</p>
<p>
This same extension could have been done using partial template specialization
of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">pair</span></code>, but to specialize
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">pair</span></code> in this way would require
three partial specializations, plus the primary template. Type traits allows
us to define a single primary template that adjusts itself auto-magically
to any of these partial specializations, instead of a brute-force partial
specialization approach. Using type traits in this fashion allows programmers
to delegate partial specialization to the type traits classes, resulting
in code that is easier to maintain and easier to understand.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.background.conclusion"></a><h5>
<a name="id492124"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.category.background.conclusion">Conclusion</a>
</h5>
<p>
We hope that in this article we have been able to give you some idea of what
type-traits are all about. A more complete listing of the available classes
are in the boost documentation, along with further examples using type traits.
Templates have enabled C++ uses to take the advantage of the code reuse that
generic programming brings; hopefully this article has shown that generic
programming does not have to sink to the lowest common denominator, and that
templates can be optimal as well as generic.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.background.acknowledgements"></a><h5>
<a name="id492161"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.category.background.acknowledgements">Acknowledgements</a>
</h5>
<p>
The authors would like to thank Beman Dawes and Howard Hinnant for their
helpful comments when preparing this article.
</p>
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.background.references"></a><h5>
<a name="id492191"></a>
<a href="background.html#boost_typetraits.category.background.references">References</a>
</h5>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol type="1">
<li>
Nathan C. Myers, C++ Report, June 1995.
</li>
<li>
The type traits library is based upon contributions by Steve Cleary, Beman
Dawes, Howard Hinnant and John Maddock: it can be found at www.boost.org.
</li>
<li>
A scalar type is an arithmetic type (i.e. a built-in integer or floating
point type), an enumeration type, a pointer, a pointer to member, or a
const- or volatile-qualified version of one of these types.
</li>
<li>
This quote is from Donald Knuth, ACM Computing Surveys, December 1974,
pg 268.
</li>
<li>
The test code is available as part of the boost utility library (see algo_opt_examples.cpp),
the code was compiled with gcc 2.95 with all optimisations turned on, tests
were conducted on a 400MHz Pentium II machine running Microsoft Windows
98.
</li>
<li>
John Maddock and Howard Hinnant have submitted a "compressed_pair"
library to Boost, which uses a technique similar to the one described here
to hold references. Their pair also uses type traits to determine if any
of the types are empty, and will derive instead of contain to conserve
space -- hence the name "compressed".
</li>
<li>
This is actually an issue with the C++ Core Language Working Group (issue
#106), submitted by Bjarne Stroustrup. The tentative resolution is to allow
a "reference to a reference to T" to mean the same thing as a
"reference to T", but only in template instantiation, in a method
similar to multiple cv-qualifiers.
</li>
<li>
For those of you who are wondering why this shouldn't be const-qualified,
remember that references are always implicitly constant (for example, you
can't re-assign a reference). Remember also that "const T &amp;"
is something completely different. For this reason, cv-qualifiers on template
type arguments that are references are ignored.
</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
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<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek</small></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.function"></a><a href="function.html" title="Decomposing Function Types"> Decomposing Function
Types</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The class template <a href="../reference/function_traits.html" title="function_traits">function_traits</a>
extracts information from function types (see also <a href="../reference/is_function.html" title="is_function">is_function</a>).
This traits class allows you to tell how many arguments a function takes,
what those argument types are, and what the return type is.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Synopsis</strong></span>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">Align</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/function_traits.html" title="function_traits">function_traits</a><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
</div>
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<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<title>Type Traits that Transform One Type to Another</title>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.transform"></a><a href="transform.html" title="Type Traits that Transform One Type to Another"> Type Traits that
Transform One Type to Another</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
The following templates transform one type to another, based upon some well-defined
rule. Each template has a single member called <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
that is the result of applying the transformation to the template argument
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Synopsis:</strong></span>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/add_const.html" title="add_const">add_const</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/add_cv.html" title="add_cv">add_cv</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/add_pointer.html" title="add_pointer">add_pointer</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/add_reference.html" title="add_reference">add_reference</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/add_volatile.html" title="add_volatile">add_volatile</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/decay.html" title="decay">decay</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/floating_point_promotion.html" title="floating_point_promotion">floating_point_promotion</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/integral_promotion.html" title="integral_promotion">integral_promotion</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/make_signed.html" title="make_signed">make_signed</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/make_unsigned.html" title="make_unsigned">make_unsigned</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/promote.html" title="promote">promote</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/remove_all_extents.html" title="remove_all_extents">remove_all_extents</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/remove_const.html" title="remove_const">remove_const</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/remove_cv.html" title="remove_cv">remove_cv</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent">remove_extent</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/remove_pointer.html" title="remove_pointer">remove_pointer</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/remove_reference.html" title="remove_reference">remove_reference</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../reference/remove_volatile.html" title="remove_volatile">remove_volatile</a><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_"></a><h5>
<a name="id496340"></a>
<a href="transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">Broken
Compiler Workarounds:</a>
</h5>
<p>
For all of these templates support for partial specialization of class templates
is required to correctly implement the transformation. On the other hand,
practice shows that many of the templates from this category are very useful,
and often essential for implementing some generic libraries. Lack of these
templates is often one of the major limiting factors in porting those libraries
to compilers that do not yet support this language feature. As some of these
compilers are going to be around for a while, and at least one of them is
very wide-spread, it was decided that the library should provide workarounds
where possible.
</p>
<p>
The basic idea behind the workaround is to manually define full specializations
of all type transformation templates for all fundamental types, and all their
1st and 2nd rank cv-[un]qualified derivative pointer types, and to provide
a user-level macro that will define all the explicit specializations needed
for any user-defined type T.
</p>
<p>
The first part guarantees the successful compilation of something like this:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*,</span> <span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*,</span> <span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="special">...</span>
<span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">));</span>
</pre>
<p>
and the second part provides the library's users with a mechanism to make
the above code work not only for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code> or other built-in type,
but for their own types as well:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">myspace</span><span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">MyClass</span> <span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="comment">// declare this at global scope:
</span><span class="identifier">BOOST_BROKEN_COMPILER_TYPE_TRAITS_SPECIALIZATION</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">myspace</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="comment">// transformations on myspace::MyClass now work:
</span><span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">myspace</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">myspace</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="identifier">BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT</span><span class="special">((</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">myspace</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">remove_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">myspace</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="comment">// etc.
</span></pre>
<p>
Note that the macro BOOST_BROKEN_COMPILER_TYPE_TRAITS_SPECIALIZATION evaluates
to nothing on those compilers that <span class="bold"><strong>do</strong></span> support
partial specialization.
</p>
</div>
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Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.value_traits"></a><a href="value_traits.html" title="Type Traits that Describe the Properties of a Type"> Type Traits
that Describe the Properties of a Type</a>
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<div class="toc"><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="value_traits/primary.html"> Categorizing
a Type</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="value_traits/properties.html">
General Type Properties</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="value_traits/relate.html"> Relationships
Between Two Types</a></span></dt>
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<p>
These traits are all <span class="emphasis"><em>value traits</em></span>, which is to say the
traits classes all inherit from <a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a>,
and are used to access some numerical property of a type. Often this is a
simple true or false Boolean value, but in a few cases may be some other
integer value (for example when dealing with type alignments, or array bounds:
see <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/alignment_of.html" title="alignment_of">alignment_of</a></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/rank.html" title="rank">rank</a></code>
and <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/extent.html" title="extent">extent</a></code>).
</p>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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a Type</a>
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<p>
These traits identify what "kind" of type some type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is. These are split into two groups:
primary traits which are all mutually exclusive, and composite traits that
are compositions of one or more primary traits.
</p>
<p>
For any given type, exactly one primary type trait will inherit from <a href="../../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
and all the others will inherit from <a href="../../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>,
in other words these traits are mutually exclusive.
</p>
<p>
This means that <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../../reference/is_integral.html" title="is_integral">is_integral</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
and <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../../reference/is_floating_point.html" title="is_floating_point">is_floating_point</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
will only ever be true for built-in types; if you want to check for a user-defined
class type that behaves "as if" it is an integral or floating
point type, then use the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric_limits</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span></code> instead.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Synopsis:</strong></span>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_array.html" title="is_array">is_array</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_class.html" title="is_class">is_class</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_complex.html" title="is_complex">is_complex</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_enum.html" title="is_enum">is_enum</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_floating_point.html" title="is_floating_point">is_floating_point</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_function.html" title="is_function">is_function</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_integral.html" title="is_integral">is_integral</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_member_function_pointer.html" title="is_member_function_pointer">is_member_function_pointer</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_member_object_pointer.html" title="is_member_object_pointer">is_member_object_pointer</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_pointer.html" title="is_pointer">is_pointer</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_reference.html" title="is_reference">is_reference</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_union.html" title="is_union">is_union</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_void.html" title="is_void">is_void</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;;</span>
</pre>
<p>
The following traits are made up of the union of one or more type categorizations.
A type may belong to more than one of these categories, in addition to
one of the primary categories.
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_arithmetic.html" title="is_arithmetic">is_arithmetic</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_compound.html" title="is_compound">is_compound</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_fundamental.html" title="is_fundamental">is_fundamental</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_member_pointer.html" title="is_member_pointer">is_member_pointer</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_object.html" title="is_object">is_object</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_scalar.html" title="is_scalar">is_scalar</a><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.value_traits.properties"></a><a href="properties.html" title="General Type Properties">
General Type Properties</a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
The following templates describe the general properties of a type.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Synopsis:</strong></span>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/alignment_of.html" title="alignment_of">alignment_of</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_nothrow_assign.html" title="has_nothrow_assign">has_nothrow_assign</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_nothrow_constructor.html" title="has_nothrow_constructor">has_nothrow_constructor</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_nothrow_constructor.html" title="has_nothrow_constructor">has_nothrow_default_constructor</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_nothrow_copy.html" title="has_nothrow_copy">has_nothrow_copy</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_nothrow_copy.html" title="has_nothrow_copy">has_nothrow_copy_constructor</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_trivial_constructor.html" title="has_trivial_constructor">has_trivial_constructor</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_trivial_constructor.html" title="has_trivial_constructor">has_trivial_default_constructor</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_trivial_copy.html" title="has_trivial_copy">has_trivial_copy</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_trivial_copy.html" title="has_trivial_copy">has_trivial_copy_constructor</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_trivial_destructor.html" title="has_trivial_destructor">has_trivial_destructor</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/has_virtual_destructor.html" title="has_virtual_destructor">has_virtual_destructor</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_abstract.html" title="is_abstract">is_abstract</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_const.html" title="is_const">is_const</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_empty.html" title="is_empty">is_empty</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_stateless.html" title="is_stateless">is_stateless</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_pod.html" title="is_pod">is_pod</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_polymorphic.html" title="is_polymorphic">is_polymorphic</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_signed.html" title="is_signed">is_signed</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_unsigned.html" title="is_unsigned">is_unsigned</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_volatile.html" title="is_volatile">is_volatile</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">N</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/extent.html" title="extent">extent</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/rank.html" title="rank">rank</a><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
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Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<title>Relationships Between Two Types</title>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.category.value_traits.relate"></a><a href="relate.html" title="Relationships Between Two Types"> Relationships
Between Two Types</a>
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<p>
These templates determine the whether there is a relationship between two
types:
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Synopsis:</strong></span>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_base_of.html" title="is_base_of">is_base_of</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">From</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">To</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_convertible.html" title="is_convertible">is_convertible</a><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="../../reference/is_same.html" title="is_same">is_same</a><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
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Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<p>
This documentation was pulled together by John Maddock, using <a href="../../../tools/quickbook/doc/html/index.html" target="_top">Boost.Quickbook</a>
and <a href="../boostbook.html" target="_top">Boost.DocBook</a>.
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<p>
The original version of this library was created by Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes,
Howard Hinnant, and John Maddock. John Maddock is the current maintainer of
the library.
</p>
<p>
This version of type traits library is based on contributions by Adobe Systems
Inc, David Abrahams, Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant,
Jesse Jones, Mat Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek.
</p>
<p>
Mat Marcus and Jesse Jones invented, and <a href="http://opensource.adobe.com/project4/project.shtml" target="_top">published
a paper describing</a>, the partial specialization workarounds used in
this library.
</p>
<p>
Aleksey Gurtovoy added MPL integration to the library.
</p>
<p>
The <a href="reference/is_convertible.html" title="is_convertible">is_convertible</a>
template is based on code originally devised by Andrei Alexandrescu, see "<a href="http://www.cuj.com/experts/1810/alexandr.htm?topic=experts" target="_top">Generic&lt;Programming&gt;:
Mappings between Types and Values</a>".
</p>
<p>
The latest version of this library and documentation can be found at <a href="http://www.boost.org" target="_top">www.boost.org</a>. Bugs, suggestions and discussion
should be directed to boost@lists.boost.org (see <a href="http://www.boost.org/more/mailing_lists.htm#main" target="_top">www.boost.org/more/mailing_lists.htm#main</a>
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Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
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Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<a name="boost_typetraits.examples.copy"></a><a href="copy.html" title="An Optimized Version of std::copy"> An Optimized Version
of std::copy</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Demonstrates a version of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">copy</span></code>
that uses <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a></code>
to determine whether to use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code>
to optimise the copy operation (see <a href="../../../../libs/type_traits/examples/copy_example.cpp" target="_top">copy_example.cpp</a>):
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">//
</span><span class="comment">// opt::copy
</span><span class="comment">// same semantics as std::copy
</span><span class="comment">// calls memcpy where appropriate.
</span><span class="comment">//
</span>
<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">detail</span><span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="identifier">I2</span> <span class="identifier">copy_imp</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I1</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I1</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I2</span> <span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">&gt;&amp;)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">while</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">first</span> <span class="special">!=</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">out</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">++</span><span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">++</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">copy_imp</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">&amp;)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">memcpy</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">)*</span><span class="keyword">sizeof</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">));</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">+(</span><span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="identifier">I2</span> <span class="identifier">copy</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I1</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I1</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I2</span> <span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="comment">//
</span> <span class="comment">// We can copy with memcpy if T has a trivial assignment operator,
</span> <span class="comment">// and if the iterator arguments are actually pointers (this last
</span> <span class="comment">// requirement we detect with overload resolution):
</span> <span class="comment">//
</span> <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iterator_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">I1</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span> <span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">detail</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">copy_imp</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">&gt;());</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
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Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.examples.destruct"></a><a href="destruct.html" title="An Example that Omits Destructor Calls For Types with Trivial Destructors"> An Example that
Omits Destructor Calls For Types with Trivial Destructors</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Demonstrates a simple algorithm that uses <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">__has_trivial_destruct</span></code>
to determine whether to destructors need to be called (see <a href="../../../../libs/type_traits/examples/trivial_destructor_example.cpp" target="_top">trivial_destructor_example.cpp</a>):
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">//
</span><span class="comment">// algorithm destroy_array:
</span><span class="comment">// The reverse of std::unitialized_copy, takes a block of
</span><span class="comment">// initialized memory and calls destructors on all objects therein.
</span><span class="comment">//
</span>
<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">detail</span><span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">do_destroy_array</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a><span class="special">&amp;)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">while</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">first</span> <span class="special">!=</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">-&gt;~</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">();</span>
<span class="special">++</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">do_destroy_array</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">&amp;)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span> <span class="comment">// namespace detail
</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">destroy_array</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">p1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">p2</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">detail</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">do_destroy_array</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">p1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">p2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/has_trivial_destructor.html" title="has_trivial_destructor">has_trivial_destructor</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;());</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
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<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.examples.fill"></a><a href="fill.html" title="An Optimised Version of std::fill"> An Optimised Version
of std::fill</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Demonstrates a version of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">fill</span></code>
that uses <code class="computeroutput"><a href="../reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a></code>
to determine whether to use <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memset</span></code>
to optimise the fill operation (see <a href="../../../../libs/type_traits/examples/fill_example.cpp" target="_top">fill_example.cpp</a>):
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">//
</span><span class="comment">// fill
</span><span class="comment">// same as std::fill, but uses memset where appropriate
</span><span class="comment">//
</span><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">detail</span><span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">do_fill</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">b</span><span class="special">&gt;&amp;)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">while</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">first</span> <span class="special">!=</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">first</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">++</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">do_fill</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">&amp;)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">memset</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">-</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">fill</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="comment">//
</span> <span class="comment">// We can do an optimised fill if T has a trivial assignment
</span> <span class="comment">// operator and if it's size is one:
</span> <span class="comment">//
</span> <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">sizeof</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">truth_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">detail</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">do_fill</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">first</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">last</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">truth_type</span><span class="special">());</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.examples.iter"></a><a href="iter.html" title="An improved Version of std::iter_swap"> An improved Version
of std::iter_swap</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Demonstrates a version of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iter_swap</span></code>
that use type traits to determine whether an it's arguments are proxying
iterators or not, if they're not then it just does a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">swap</span></code>
of it's dereferenced arguments (the same as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iter_swap</span></code>
does), however if they are proxying iterators then takes special care over
the swap to ensure that the algorithm works correctly for both proxying iterators,
and even iterators of different types (see <a href="../../../../libs/type_traits/examples/iter_swap_example.cpp" target="_top">iter_swap_example.cpp</a>):
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="comment">//
</span><span class="comment">// iter_swap:
</span><span class="comment">// tests whether iterator is a proxying iterator or not, and
</span><span class="comment">// uses optimal form accordingly:
</span><span class="comment">//
</span><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">detail</span><span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">do_swap</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">one</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">two</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a><span class="special">&amp;)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iterator_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span> <span class="identifier">v_t</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">v_t</span> <span class="identifier">v</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">one</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">one</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">two</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">two</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">do_swap</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">one</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I</span> <span class="identifier">two</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">&amp;)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">swap</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">swap</span><span class="special">(*</span><span class="identifier">one</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="special">*</span><span class="identifier">two</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">I2</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="identifier">iter_swap</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">I1</span> <span class="identifier">one</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">I2</span> <span class="identifier">two</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="comment">//
</span> <span class="comment">// See is both arguments are non-proxying iterators,
</span> <span class="comment">// and if both iterator the same type:
</span> <span class="comment">//
</span> <span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iterator_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">I1</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">reference</span> <span class="identifier">r1_t</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iterator_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">I2</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">reference</span> <span class="identifier">r2_t</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/is_reference.html" title="is_reference">is_reference</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">r1_t</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
<span class="special">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/is_reference.html" title="is_reference">is_reference</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">r2_t</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
<span class="special">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><a href="../reference/is_same.html" title="is_same">is_same</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">r1_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">r2_t</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">truth_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">detail</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">do_swap</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">one</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">two</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">truth_type</span><span class="special">());</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.examples.to_double"></a><a href="to_double.html" title="Convert Numeric Types and Enums to double"> Convert Numeric
Types and Enums to double</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
Demonstrates a conversion of <a href="../../../../libs/numeric/conversion/doc/definitions.html#numtypes" target="_top">Numeric
Types</a> and enum types to double:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">inline</span> <span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="identifier">to_double</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span> <span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">promote</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span> <span class="identifier">promoted</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">numeric</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">converter</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">promoted</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">convert</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<a name="boost_typetraits.intrinsics"></a><a href="intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics"> Support for Compiler Intrinsics</a>
</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
There are some traits that can not be implemented within the current C++ language:
to make these traits "just work" with user defined types, some kind
of additional help from the compiler is required. Currently (May 2005) MWCW
9 and Visual C++ 8 provide the necessary intrinsics, and other compilers will
no doubt follow in due course.
</p>
<p>
The Following traits classes always need compiler support to do the right thing
for all types (but all have safe fallback positions if this support is unavailable):
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><a href="reference/is_union.html" title="is_union">is_union</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/is_pod.html" title="is_pod">is_pod</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/has_trivial_constructor.html" title="has_trivial_constructor">has_trivial_constructor</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/has_trivial_copy.html" title="has_trivial_copy">has_trivial_copy</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign">has_trivial_assign</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/has_trivial_destructor.html" title="has_trivial_destructor">has_trivial_destructor</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/has_nothrow_constructor.html" title="has_nothrow_constructor">has_nothrow_constructor</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/has_nothrow_copy.html" title="has_nothrow_copy">has_nothrow_copy</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/has_nothrow_assign.html" title="has_nothrow_assign">has_nothrow_assign</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/has_virtual_destructor.html" title="has_virtual_destructor">has_virtual_destructor</a></li>
</ul></div>
<p>
The following traits classes can't be portably implemented in the C++ language,
although in practice, the implementations do in fact do the right thing on
all the compilers we know about:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><a href="reference/is_empty.html" title="is_empty">is_empty</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/is_polymorphic.html" title="is_polymorphic">is_polymorphic</a></li>
</ul></div>
<p>
The following traits classes are dependent on one or more of the above:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><a href="reference/is_class.html" title="is_class">is_class</a></li>
<li><a href="reference/is_stateless.html" title="is_stateless">is_stateless</a></li>
</ul></div>
<p>
The hooks for compiler-intrinsic support are defined in <a href="../../../boost/type_traits/intrinsics.hpp" target="_top">boost/type_traits/intrinsics.hpp</a>,
adding support for new compilers is simply a matter of defining one of more
of the following macros:
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id498584"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.4.<2E>Macros for Compiler Intrinsics</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Macros for Compiler Intrinsics">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
BOOST_IS_UNION(T)
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if T is a union type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_IS_POD(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if T is a POD type
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_IS_EMPTY(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if T is an empty struct or union
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_HAS_TRIVIAL_CONSTRUCTOR(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if the default constructor for T is trivial (i.e.
has no effect)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_HAS_TRIVIAL_COPY(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if T has a trivial copy constructor (and can
therefore be replaced by a call to memcpy)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_HAS_TRIVIAL_ASSIGN(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if T has a trivial assignment operator (and can
therefore be replaced by a call to memcpy)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_HAS_TRIVIAL_DESTRUCTOR(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if T has a trivial destructor (i.e. ~T() has
no effect)
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_HAS_NOTHROW_CONSTRUCTOR(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span>
<span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">;</span></code>
can not throw
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_HAS_NOTHROW_COPY(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">t</span><span class="special">)</span></code> can not throw
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_HAS_NOTHROW_ASSIGN(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span>
<span class="identifier">t</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="identifier">u</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">t</span> <span class="special">=</span>
<span class="identifier">u</span></code> can not throw
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
BOOST_HAS_VIRTUAL_DESTRUCTOR(T)
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Should evaluate to true T has a virtual destructor
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="boost_typetraits.intro"></a><a href="intro.html" title="Introduction"> Introduction</a>
</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
The Boost type-traits library contains a set of very specific traits classes,
each of which encapsulate a single trait from the C++ type system; for example,
is a type a pointer or a reference type? Or does a type have a trivial constructor,
or a const-qualifier?
</p>
<p>
The type-traits classes share a unified design: each class inherits from a
the type <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>
if the type has the specified property and inherits from <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>
otherwise.
</p>
<p>
The type-traits library also contains a set of classes that perform a specific
transformation on a type; for example, they can remove a top-level const or
volatile qualifier from a type. Each class that performs a transformation defines
a single typedef-member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
that is the result of the transformation.
</p>
</div>
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<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="boost_typetraits.mpl"></a><a href="mpl.html" title="MPL Interoperability"> MPL Interoperability</a>
</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
All the value based traits in this library conform to MPL's requirements for
an <a href="../../../libs/mpl/doc/refmanual/integral-constant.html" target="_top">Integral
Constant type</a>: that includes a number of rather intrusive workarounds
for broken compilers.
</p>
<p>
Purely as an implementation detail, this means that <code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>
inherits from <a href="../../../libs/mpl/doc/refmanual/bool.html" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">true_</span></code></a>,
<code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code>
inherits from <a href="../../../libs/mpl/doc/refmanual/bool.html" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">false_</span></code></a>,
and <code class="computeroutput"><a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <a href="../../../libs/mpl/doc/refmanual/integral-c.html" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">mpl</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">integral_c</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">v</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code></a>
(provided <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is not <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>)
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Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference/add_const.html"> add_const</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference/add_cv.html"> add_cv</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference/add_pointer.html"> add_pointer</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference/add_reference.html"> add_reference</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference/add_volatile.html"> add_volatile</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="reference/aligned_storage.html"> aligned_storage</a></span></dt>
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floating_point_promotion</a></span></dt>
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Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.add_const"></a><a href="add_const.html" title="add_const"> add_const</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">add_const</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> The same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span></code> for all <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">add_const</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id503727"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.5.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.add_cv"></a><a href="add_cv.html" title="add_cv"> add_cv</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">add_cv</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> The same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span></code>
for all <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">add_cv</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id504366"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.6.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_cv</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="keyword">volatile</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_cv</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_cv</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_cv</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="keyword">volatile</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.add_pointer"></a><a href="add_pointer.html" title="add_pointer"> add_pointer</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">add_pointer</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> The same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">*</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
The rationale for this template is that it produces the same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">TYPEOF</span><span class="special">(&amp;</span><span class="identifier">t</span><span class="special">)</span></code>, where
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">t</span></code> is an object of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 8.3.1.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">add_pointer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id505080"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.7.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">**</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">**</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.add_reference"></a><a href="add_reference.html" title="add_reference"> add_reference</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">add_reference</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> If <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
is not a reference type then <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>, otherwise <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 8.3.2.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">add_reference</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id505719"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.8.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.add_volatile"></a><a href="add_volatile.html" title="add_volatile"> add_volatile</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">add_volatile</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> The same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span>
<span class="keyword">volatile</span></code> for all <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">add_volatile</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id506349"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.9.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span>
<span class="keyword">volatile</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">add_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="keyword">volatile</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
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Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.aligned_storage"></a><a href="aligned_storage.html" title="aligned_storage"> aligned_storage</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">Size</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">Align</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">aligned_storage</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> a built-in or POD type with size
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Size</span></code> and an alignment that
is a multiple of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Align</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">aligned_storage</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.alignment_of"></a><a href="alignment_of.html" title="alignment_of"> alignment_of</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">alignment_of</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">ALIGNOF</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> Class template alignment<span class="underline">of inherits from `</span>_integral_constant&lt;std::size_t,
ALIGNOF(T)&gt;<code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">where</span>
</code>ALIGNOF(T)` is the alignment of type T.
</p>
<p>
<span class="emphasis"><em>Note: strictly speaking you should only rely on the value of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ALIGNOF</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">)</span></code> being
a multiple of the true alignment of T, although in practice it does compute
the correct value in all the cases we know about.</em></span>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">alignment_of</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alignment_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">ALIGNOF</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alignment_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">ALIGNOF</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alignment_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
with value <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ALIGNOF</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">)</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alignment_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">decay</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> Let <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">U</span></code>
be the result of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>, then if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">U</span></code>
is an array type, the result is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">&gt;*</span></code>,
otherwise if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">U</span></code> is a function
type then the result is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">*</span></code>, otherwise the result is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">U</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">decay</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id508010"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.10.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">decay</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">decay</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">(&amp;)[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">decay</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">(&amp;)(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">double</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">)</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">N</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">extent</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">EXTENT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> Class template extent inherits
from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">EXTENT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span></code>,
where <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">EXTENT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">)</span></code> is the number of elements in the N'th array
dimention of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
If <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is not an array type,
or if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">N</span> <span class="special">&gt;</span>
<a href="rank.html" title="rank">rank</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>, or if the N'th array bound is incomplete,
then <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">EXTENT</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">N</span><span class="special">)</span></code> is zero.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">extent</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">]&gt;</span></code> inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">],</span>
<span class="number">1</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>4</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[][</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>0</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[][</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">],</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>2</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>0</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.floating_point_promotion"></a><a href="floating_point_promotion.html" title="floating_point_promotion">
floating_point_promotion</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">floating_point_promotion</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> If floating point promotion can be
applied to an rvalue of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
then applies floating point promotion to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
and keeps cv-qualifiers of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
otherwise leaves <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> unchanged.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 4.6.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">floating_point_promotion</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id509798"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.11.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">floating_point_promotion</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">floating_point_promotion</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">float</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">floating_point_promotion</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">short</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.function_traits"></a><a href="function_traits.html" title="function_traits"> function_traits</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">function_traits</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">arity</span> <span class="special">=</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">result_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> arg<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em>_type<span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
The class template function_traits will only compile if:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
The compiler supports partial specialization of class templates.
</li>
<li>
The template argument <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
is a <span class="emphasis"><em>function type</em></span>, note that this <span class="emphasis"><em><span class="bold"><strong>is not</strong></span></em></span> the same thing as a <span class="emphasis"><em>pointer
to a function</em></span>.
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="tip"><table border="0" summary="Tip">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Tip]" src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/tip.png"></td>
<th align="left">Tip</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
function_traits is intended to introspect only C++ functions of the form
R (), R( A1 ), R ( A1, ... etc. ) and not function pointers or class member
functions. To convert a function pointer type to a suitable type use <a href="remove_pointer.html" title="remove_pointer">remove_pointer</a>.
</p></td></tr>
</table></div>
<div class="table">
<a name="id510280"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.12.<2E>Function Traits Members</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Function Traits Members">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Member
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Description
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">arity</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
An integral constant expression that gives the number of arguments
accepted by the function type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">result_type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The type returned by function type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span>arg<em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em>_type</code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The <em class="replaceable"><code>N</code></em>th argument type of function type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code>,
where <code class="computeroutput"><span class="number">1</span> <span class="special">&lt;=</span>
<span class="identifier">N</span> <span class="special">&lt;=</span>
<span class="identifier">arity</span></code> of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">F</span></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break"><div class="table">
<a name="id510557"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.13.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">arity</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
An integral constant expression that has the value 0.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">arity</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
An integral constant expression that has the value 1.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">arity</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
An integral constant expression that has the value 4.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">result_type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">void</span></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">result_type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">long</span></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">arg1_type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">arg4_type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
The type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*</span></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">arg5_type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
A compiler error: there is no <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">arg4_type</span></code>
since there are only three arguments.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">function_traits</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">arity</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
A compiler error: argument type is a <span class="emphasis"><em>function pointer</em></span>,
and not a <span class="emphasis"><em>function type</em></span>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
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<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.has_no_throw_def_cons"></a><a href="has_no_throw_def_cons.html" title="has_nothrow_default_constructor"> has_nothrow_default_constructor</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
See <a href="has_nothrow_constructor.html" title="has_nothrow_constructor">has_nothrow_constructor</a>.
</p>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.has_nothrow_assign"></a><a href="has_nothrow_assign.html" title="has_nothrow_assign"> has_nothrow_assign</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_nothrow_assign</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
type with a non-throwing assignment-operator then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> must be a complete
type.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
Without some (as yet unspecified) help from the compiler, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_nothrow_assign</span></code>
will never report that a class or struct has a non-throwing assignment-operator;
this is always safe, if possibly sub-optimal. Currently (May 2005) only Visual
C++ 8 has the necessary compiler support to ensure that this trait "just
works".
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">has_nothrow_assign</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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has_nothrow_constructor</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_nothrow_constructor</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_nothrow_default_constructor</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
type with a non-throwing default-constructor then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> must be a complete
type.
</p>
<p>
These two traits are synonyms for each other.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
Without some (as yet unspecified) help from the compiler, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_nothrow_constructor</span></code>
will never report that a class or struct has a non-throwing default-constructor;
this is always safe, if possibly sub-optimal. Currently (May 2005) only Visual
C++ 8 has the necessary compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to ensure that this trait "just works".
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">has_nothrow_constructor</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_nothrow_copy</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_nothrow_copy_constructor</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
type with a non-throwing copy-constructor then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> must be a complete
type.
</p>
<p>
These two traits are synonyms for each other.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
Without some (as yet unspecified) help from the compiler, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_nothrow_copy</span></code>
will never report that a class or struct has a non-throwing copy-constructor;
this is always safe, if possibly sub-optimal. Currently (May 2005) only Visual
C++ 8 has the necessary compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to ensure that this trait "just works".
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">has_nothrow_copy</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.has_nothrow_cp_cons"></a><a href="has_nothrow_cp_cons.html" title="has_nothrow_copy_constructor"> has_nothrow_copy_constructor</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
See <a href="has_nothrow_copy.html" title="has_nothrow_copy">has_nothrow_copy</a>.
</p>
</div>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.has_trivial_assign"></a><a href="has_trivial_assign.html" title="has_trivial_assign"> has_trivial_assign</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_trivial_assign</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
type with a trivial assignment-operator then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
If a type has a trivial assignment-operator then the operator has the same
effect as copying the bits of one object to the other: calls to the operator
can be safely replaced with a call to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
Without some (as yet unspecified) help from the compiler, has_trivial_assign
will never report that a user-defined class or struct has a trivial constructor;
this is always safe, if possibly sub-optimal. Currently (May 2005) only MWCW
9 and Visual C++ 8 have the necessary compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to detect user-defined classes with trivial constructors.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 12.8p11.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">has_trivial_assign</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_assign</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_assign</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_assign</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_assign</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_assign</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.has_trivial_constructor"></a><a href="has_trivial_constructor.html" title="has_trivial_constructor">
has_trivial_constructor</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_trivial_constructor</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_trivial_default_constructor</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
type with a trivial default-constructor then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
These two traits are synonyms for each other.
</p>
<p>
If a type has a trivial default-constructor then the constructor have no
effect: calls to the constructor can be safely omitted. Note that using meta-programming
to omit a call to a single trivial-constructor call is of no benefit whatsoever.
However, if loops and/or exception handling code can also be omitted, then
some benefit in terms of code size and speed can be obtained.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
Without some (as yet unspecified) help from the compiler, has_trivial_constructor
will never report that a user-defined class or struct has a trivial constructor;
this is always safe, if possibly sub-optimal. Currently (May 2005) only MWCW
9 and Visual C++ 8 have the necessary compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to detect user-defined classes with trivial constructors.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 12.1p6.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">has_trivial_constructor</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_constructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_constructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_constructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_constructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_constructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.has_trivial_copy"></a><a href="has_trivial_copy.html" title="has_trivial_copy"> has_trivial_copy</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_trivial_copy</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_trivial_copy_constructor</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
type with a trivial copy-constructor then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
These two traits are synonyms for each other.
</p>
<p>
If a type has a trivial copy-constructor then the constructor has the same
effect as copying the bits of one object to the other: calls to the constructor
can be safely replaced with a call to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">memcpy</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
Without some (as yet unspecified) help from the compiler, has_trivial_copy
will never report that a user-defined class or struct has a trivial constructor;
this is always safe, if possibly sub-optimal. Currently (May 2005) only MWCW
9 and Visual C++ 8 have the necessary compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to detect user-defined classes with trivial constructors.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 12.8p6.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">has_trivial_copy</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_copy</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_copy</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_copy</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_copy</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_copy</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
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<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<p>
See <a href="has_trivial_copy.html" title="has_trivial_copy">has_trivial_copy</a>.
</p>
</div>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
See <a href="has_trivial_constructor.html" title="has_trivial_constructor">has_trivial_constructor</a>.
</p>
</div>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.has_trivial_destructor"></a><a href="has_trivial_destructor.html" title="has_trivial_destructor"> has_trivial_destructor</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_trivial_destructor</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
type with a trivial destructor then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
If a type has a trivial destructor then the destructor has no effect: calls
to the destructor can be safely omitted. Note that using meta-programming
to omit a call to a single trivial-constructor call is of no benefit whatsoever.
However, if loops and/or exception handling code can also be omitted, then
some benefit in terms of code size and speed can be obtained.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
Without some (as yet unspecified) help from the compiler, has_trivial_destructor
will never report that a user-defined class or struct has a trivial destructor;
this is always safe, if possibly sub-optimal. Currently (May 2005) only MWCW
9 and Visual C++ 8 have the necessary compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to detect user-defined classes with trivial constructors.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 12.4p3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">has_trivial_destructor</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_destructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_destructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_destructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_destructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">has_trivial_destructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.has_virtual_destructor"></a><a href="has_virtual_destructor.html" title="has_virtual_destructor"> has_virtual_destructor</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">has_virtual_destructor</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
type with a virtual destructor then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> This trait is provided
for completeness, since it's part of the Technical Report on C++ Library
Extensions. However, there is currently no way to portably implement this
trait. The default version provided always inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>,
and has to be explicitly specialized for types with virtual destructors unless
the compiler used has compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
that enable the trait to do the right thing: currently (May 2005) only Visual
C++ 8 has the necessary <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 12.4.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">has_virtual_destructor</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.integral_constant"></a><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant"> integral_constant</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">integral_constant</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">integral_constant</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">value_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">T</span> <span class="identifier">value</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">val</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">integral_constant</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">true</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">true_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">integral_constant</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">bool</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">false</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="identifier">false_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
<p>
Class template <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">integral_constant</span></code>
is the common base class for all the value-based type traits. The two typedef's
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">true_type</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">false_type</span></code> are provided for convenience:
most of the value traits are Boolean properties and so will inherit from
one of these.
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.integral_promotion"></a><a href="integral_promotion.html" title="integral_promotion"> integral_promotion</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">integral_promotion</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> If integral promotion can be applied
to an rvalue of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>, then
applies integral promotion to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
and keeps cv-qualifiers of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
otherwise leaves <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> unchanged.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 4.5 except 4.5/3
(integral bit-field).
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">integral_promotion</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id516064"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.14.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">integral_promotion</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">short</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">integral_promotion</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">integral_promotion</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">float_round_style</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_abstract</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
abstract type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 10.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_abstract</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> The compiler must
support DR337 (as of April 2005: GCC 3.4, VC++ 7.1 (and later), Intel C++
7 (and later), and Comeau 4.3.2). Otherwise behaves the same as <a href="is_polymorphic.html" title="is_polymorphic">is_polymorphic</a>;
this is the "safe fallback position" for which polymorphic types
are always regarded as potentially abstract. The macro BOOST_NO_IS_ABSTRACT
is used to signify that the implementation is buggy, users should check for
this in their own code if the "safe fallback" is not suitable for
their particular use-case.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
Given: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">abc</span><span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="special">~</span><span class="identifier">abc</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">};</span></code>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_abstract</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">abc</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_abstract</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">abc</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_abstract</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">abc</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_abstract</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_arithmetic"></a><a href="is_arithmetic.html" title="is_arithmetic"> is_arithmetic</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_arithmetic</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
arithmetic type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Arithmetic types include integral and floating point types (see also <a href="is_integral.html" title="is_integral">is_integral</a> and
<a href="is_floating_point.html" title="is_floating_point">is_floating_point</a>).
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1p8.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_arithmetic</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_arithmetic</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_arithmetic</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_arithmetic</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_arithmetic</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_array"></a><a href="is_array.html" title="is_array"> is_array</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_array</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
array type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2 and 8.3.4.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_array</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can give the wrong result with function types.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_array</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]&gt;</span></code> inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_array</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_array</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">[]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_array</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_base_of"></a><a href="is_base_of.html" title="is_base_of"> is_base_of</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_base_of</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If Base is base class of type
Derived or if both types are the same then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
This template will detect non-public base classes, and ambiguous base classes.
</p>
<p>
Note that <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_base_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">X</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">X</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> will always inherit from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>.
<span class="bold"><strong>This is the case even if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">X</span></code>
is not a class type</strong></span>. This is a change in behaviour from Boost-1.33
in order to track the Technical Report on C++ Library Extensions.
</p>
<p>
Types <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Derived</span></code> must not be incomplete types.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 10.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_base_of</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types. There are some older compilers which
will produce compiler errors if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code>
is a private base class of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Derived</span></code>,
or if <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Base</span></code> is an ambiguous
base of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Derived</span></code>. These compilers
include Borland C++, older versions of Sun Forte C++, Digital Mars C++, and
older versions of EDG based compilers.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
Given: <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">{};</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span> <span class="special">:</span>
<span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">{};</span></code>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_base_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_base_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_base_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_base_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Derived</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_base_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Base</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>: a class is regarded as it's
own base.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_base_of</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_class"></a><a href="is_class.html" title="is_class"> is_class</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_class</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
class type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2 and 9.2.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_class</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> Without (some as
yet unspecified) help from the compiler, we cannot distinguish between union
and class types, as a result this type will erroneously inherit from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a> for
union types. See also <a href="is_union.html" title="is_union">is_union</a>.
Currently (May 2005) only Visual C++ 8 has the necessary compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to correctly identify union types, and therefore make is_class function correctly.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
Given: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">;</span></code> then:
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_class</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_class</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_class</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_class</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_class</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_class</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_complex"></a><a href="is_complex.html" title="is_complex"> is_complex</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_complex</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
is a complex number type then true (of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">complex</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
for some type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">U</span></code>), otherwise
false.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 26.2.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_complex</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_compound"></a><a href="is_compound.html" title="is_compound"> is_compound</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_compound</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
compound type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Any type that is not a fundamental type is a compound type (see also <a href="is_fundamental.html" title="is_fundamental">is_fundamental</a>).
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_compound</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_compound</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_compound</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyEnum</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_compound</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_compound</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_compound</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_compound</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_const"></a><a href="is_const.html" title="is_const"> is_const</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_const</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (top level) const-qualified
type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>:
the const-qualifier is not at the top level in this case.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>:
the const-qualifier is not at the top level in this case.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_convertible"></a><a href="is_convertible.html" title="is_convertible"> is_convertible</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">From</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">To</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_convertible</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If an imaginary lvalue of type
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">From</span></code> is convertible to type
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">To</span></code> then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
Type From must not be an incomplete type.
</p>
<p>
Type To must not be an incomplete, or function type.
</p>
<p>
No types are considered to be convertible to array types or abstract-class
types.
</p>
<p>
This template can not detect whether a converting-constructor is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">public</span></code> or not: if type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">To</span></code>
has a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">private</span></code> converting constructor
from type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">From</span></code> then instantiating
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">From</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">To</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
will produce a compiler error. For this reason <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span></code>
can not be used to determine whether a type has a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">public</span></code>
copy-constructor or not.
</p>
<p>
This template will also produce compiler errors if the conversion is ambiguous,
for example:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">A</span> <span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">B</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">A</span> <span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">C</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">A</span> <span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">D</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">B</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">C</span> <span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="comment">// This produces a compiler error, the conversion is ambiguous:
</span><span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">y</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">D</span><span class="special">*,</span><span class="identifier">A</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 4 and 8.5.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> This template is
currently broken with Borland C++ Builder 5 (and earlier), for constructor-based
conversions, and for the Metrowerks 7 (and earlier) compiler in all cases.
If the compiler does not support <code class="computeroutput"><a href="is_abstract.html" title="is_abstract">is_abstract</a></code>,
then the template parameter <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">To</span></code>
must not be an abstract type.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>:
the conversion would require a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">const_cast</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;,</span> <span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_convertible</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_empty"></a><a href="is_empty.html" title="is_empty"> is_empty</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_empty</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is an empty class type then
inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 10p5.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_empty</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> In order to correctly
detect empty classes this trait relies on either:
</p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li>
the compiler implementing zero sized empty base classes, or
</li>
<li>
the compiler providing <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to detect empty classes.
</li>
</ul></div>
<p>
Can not be used with incomplete types.
</p>
<p>
Can not be used with union types, until is_union can be made to work.
</p>
<p>
If the compiler does not support partial-specialization of class templates,
then this template can not be used with abstract types.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
Given: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">empty_class</span>
<span class="special">{};</span></code>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_empty</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">empty_class</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_empty</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">empty_class</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_empty</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">empty_class</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_empty</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_enum"></a><a href="is_enum.html" title="is_enum"> is_enum</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_enum</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
enum type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2 and 7.2.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_enum</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> Requires a correctly
functioning <a href="is_convertible.html" title="is_convertible">is_convertible</a>
template; this means that is_enum is currently broken under Borland C++ Builder
5, and for the Metrowerks compiler prior to version 8, other compilers should
handle this template just fine.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
Given: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">enum</span> <span class="identifier">my_enum</span>
<span class="special">{</span> <span class="identifier">one</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">two</span> <span class="special">};</span></code>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_enum</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_enum</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_enum</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_enum</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_enum</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_enum</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_enum</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_enum</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_enum</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_enum</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_enum</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_floating_point"></a><a href="is_floating_point.html" title="is_floating_point"> is_floating_point</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_floating_point</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
floating point type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1p8.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_floating_point</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_floating_point</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_floating_point</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_floating_point</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_floating_point</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_function"></a><a href="is_function.html" title="is_function"> is_function</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_function</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
function type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Note that this template does not detect <span class="emphasis"><em>pointers to functions</em></span>,
or <span class="emphasis"><em>references to functions</em></span>, these are detected by <a href="is_pointer.html" title="is_pointer">is_pointer</a> and <a href="is_reference.html" title="is_reference">is_reference</a> respectively:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">f1</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="comment">// f1 is of function type.
</span><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">f2</span><span class="special">*)();</span> <span class="comment">// f2 is a pointer to a function.
</span><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">f3</span><span class="special">&amp;)();</span> <span class="comment">// f3 is a reference to a function.
</span></pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2p1 and 8.3.5.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_function</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_function</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_function</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_function</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_function</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>: the argument in this case
is a pointer type, not a function type.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_function</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(&amp;)(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>: the argument in this case
is a reference to a function, not a function type.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_function</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>: the argument in this case
is a pointer to a member function.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_function</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="tip"><table border="0" summary="Tip">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Tip]" src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/tip.png"></td>
<th align="left">Tip</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">
<p>
Don't confuse function-types with pointers to functions:
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="keyword">int</span>
<span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">);</span></code>
</p>
<p>
defines a function type,
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span> <span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
declares a prototype for a function of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span></code>,
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">*</span>
<span class="identifier">pf</span> <span class="special">=</span>
<span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">f</span><span class="special">&amp;</span>
<span class="identifier">fr</span> <span class="special">=</span>
<span class="identifier">foo</span><span class="special">;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
declares a pointer and a reference to the function <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">foo</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
If you want to detect whether some type is a pointer-to-function then use:
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><a href="is_function.html" title="is_function">is_function</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><a href="remove_pointer.html" title="remove_pointer">remove_pointer</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
<span class="special">&amp;&amp;</span> <a href="is_pointer.html" title="is_pointer">is_pointer</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
</p>
<p>
or for pointers to member functions you can just use <a href="is_member_function_pointer.html" title="is_member_function_pointer">is_member_function_pointer</a>
directly.
</p>
</td></tr>
</table></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_fundamental"></a><a href="is_fundamental.html" title="is_fundamental"> is_fundamental</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_fundamental</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
fundamental type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Fundamental types include integral, floating point and void types (see also
<a href="is_integral.html" title="is_integral">is_integral</a>,
<a href="is_floating_point.html" title="is_floating_point">is_floating_point</a>
and <a href="is_void.html" title="is_void">is_void</a>)
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_fundamental</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_fundamental</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_fundamental</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_fundamental</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_fundamental</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_integral"></a><a href="is_integral.html" title="is_integral"> is_integral</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_integral</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
integral type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1p7.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_integral</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_integral</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_integral</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_integral</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_integral</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_member_function_pointer"></a><a href="is_member_function_pointer.html" title="is_member_function_pointer">
is_member_function_pointer</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_member_function_pointer</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
pointer to a member function then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2 and 8.3.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_member_function_pointer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_function_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span></code> inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_function_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_function_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_function_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>:
the argument in this case is a pointer to a data member and not a member
function, see <a href="is_member_object_pointer.html" title="is_member_object_pointer">is_member_object_pointer</a>
and <a href="is_member_pointer.html" title="is_member_pointer">is_member_pointer</a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_function_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_member_object_pointer"></a><a href="is_member_object_pointer.html" title="is_member_object_pointer">
is_member_object_pointer</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_member_object_pointer</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
pointer to a member object (a data member) then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2 and 8.3.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_member_object_pointer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_object_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)&gt;</span></code> inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_object_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_object_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_object_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>:
the argument in this case is a pointer to a member function and not a
member object, see <a href="is_member_function_pointer.html" title="is_member_function_pointer">is_member_function_pointer</a>
and <a href="is_member_pointer.html" title="is_member_pointer">is_member_pointer</a>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_object_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_member_pointer"></a><a href="is_member_pointer.html" title="is_member_pointer"> is_member_pointer</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_member_pointer</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
pointer to a member (either a function or a data member) then inherits from
<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2 and 8.3.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_member_pointer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_member_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_object"></a><a href="is_object.html" title="is_object"> is_object</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_object</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
object type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
All types are object types except references, void, and function types.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9p9.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_object</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_object</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_object</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_object</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_object</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_object</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>: reference types are not
objects
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_object</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>: function types are not
objects
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_object</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>:
void is not an object type
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_object</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_pod"></a><a href="is_pod.html" title="is_pod"> is_pod</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_pod</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
POD type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
POD stands for "Plain old data". Arithmetic types, and enumeration
types, a pointers and pointer to members are all PODs. Classes and unions
can also be POD's if they have no non-static data members that are of reference
or non-POD type, no user defined constructors, no user defined assignment
operators, no private or protected non-static data members, no virtual functions
and no base classes. Finally, a cv-qualified POD is still a POD, as is an
array of PODs.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9p10 and 9p4 (Note
that POD's are also aggregates, see 8.5.1).
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
Without some (as yet unspecified) help from the compiler, is<span class="underline">pod
will never report that a class or struct is a POD; this is always safe, if
possibly sub-optimal. Currently (May 2005) only MWCW 9 and Visual C++ 8 have
the necessary compiler-</span>_intrinsics.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_pod</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pod</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pod</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pod</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pod</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pod</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_pointer"></a><a href="is_pointer.html" title="is_pointer"> is_pointer</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_pointer</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
pointer type (includes function pointers, but excludes pointers to members)
then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2p2 and 8.3.1.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="important"><table border="0" summary="Important">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Important]" src="../../../../../../doc/html/images/important.png"></td>
<th align="left">Important</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span></code> detects "real"
pointer types only, and <span class="emphasis"><em>not</em></span> smart pointers. Users
should not specialise <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_pointer</span></code>
for smart pointer types, as doing so may cause Boost (and other third party)
code to fail to function correctly. Users wanting a trait to detect smart
pointers should create their own. However, note that there is no way in
general to auto-magically detect smart pointer types, so such a trait would
have to be partially specialised for each supported smart pointer type.
</p></td></tr>
</table></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_polymorphic"></a><a href="is_polymorphic.html" title="is_polymorphic"> is_polymorphic</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_polymorphic</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
polymorphic type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> must be a complete
type.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 10.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> The implementation
requires some knowledge of the compilers ABI, it does actually seem to work
with the majority of compilers though.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_polymorphic</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
Given: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">poly</span><span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="special">~</span><span class="identifier">poly</span><span class="special">();</span> <span class="special">};</span></code>
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_polymorphic</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">poly</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_polymorphic</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">poly</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_polymorphic</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">poly</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_polymorphic</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_reference"></a><a href="is_reference.html" title="is_reference"> is_reference</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_reference</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a reference pointer type
then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2 and 8.3.2.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
may report the wrong result for function types, and for types that are both
const and volatile qualified.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_reference</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(&amp;)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span> (the argument in this case
is a reference to a function).
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_same"></a><a href="is_same.html" title="is_same"> is_same</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">U</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_same</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T and U are the same types
then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with abstract, incomplete or function types.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_same</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_scalar"></a><a href="is_scalar.html" title="is_scalar"> is_scalar</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_scalar</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
scalar type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Scalar types include integral, floating point, enumeration, pointer, and
pointer-to-member types.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9p10.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_scalar</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_scalar</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_scalar</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_scalar</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_scalar</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(*)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_scalar</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)(</span><span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_scalar</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">MyClass</span><span class="special">::*)&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_scalar</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_signed"></a><a href="is_signed.html" title="is_signed"> is_signed</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_signed</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is an signed integer type
or an enumerated type with an underlying signed integer type, then inherits
from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1, 7.2.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_signed</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">myclass</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
whose value depends upon the signedness of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_stateless"></a><a href="is_stateless.html" title="is_stateless"> is_stateless</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_stateless</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> Ff T is a stateless type then
inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
Type T must be a complete type.
</p>
<p>
A stateless type is a type that has no storage and whose constructors and
destructors are trivial. That means that <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_stateless</span></code>
only inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>
if the following expression is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">true</span></code>:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">has_trivial_constructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
<span class="special">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">has_trivial_copy</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
<span class="special">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">has_trivial_destructor</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
<span class="special">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_class</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
<span class="special">&amp;&amp;</span> <span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">is_empty</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9p10.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_stateless</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial-specialization of class templates, then this template
can not be used with function types.
</p>
<p>
Without some (as yet unspecified) help from the compiler, is_stateless will
never report that a class or struct is stateless; this is always safe, if
possibly sub-optimal. Currently (May 2005) only MWCW 9 and Visual C++ 8 have
the necessary compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to make this template work automatically.
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_union"></a><a href="is_union.html" title="is_union"> is_union</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_union</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
union type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
Currently requires some kind of compiler support, otherwise unions are identified
as classes.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.2 and 9.5.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> Without (some as
yet unspecified) help from the compiler, we cannot distinguish between union
and class types using only standard C++, as a result this type will never
inherit from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
unless the user explicitly specializes the template for their user-defined
union types, or unless the compiler supplies some unspecified intrinsic that
implements this functionality. Currently (May 2005) only Visual C++ 8 has
the necessary compiler <a href="../intrinsics.html" title="Support for Compiler Intrinsics">intrinsics</a>
to make this trait "just work" without user intervention.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_union</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_union</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_union</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_union</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_union</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_union</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_unsigned"></a><a href="is_unsigned.html" title="is_unsigned"> is_unsigned</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_unsigned</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is an unsigned integer type
or an enumerated type with an underlying unsigned integer type, then inherits
from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1, 7.2.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_unsigned</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_unsigned</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_unsigned</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_unsigned</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_unsigned</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">myclass</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_unsigned</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
whose value depends upon the signedness of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">char</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_unsigned</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">long</span>
<span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_unsigned</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_void"></a><a href="is_void.html" title="is_void"> is_void</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_void</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (possibly cv-qualified)
void type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1p9.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_void</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_void</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_void</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_void</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_void</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">void</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_void</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.is_volatile"></a><a href="is_volatile.html" title="is_volatile"> is_volatile</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">is_volatile</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <em class="replaceable"><code><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>-or-<a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a></code></em> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> If T is a (top level) volatile-qualified
type then inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>,
otherwise inherits from <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_volatile</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">volatile</span> <span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code> inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span>
<span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>true</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>false</em></span>:
the volatile qualifier is not at the top level in this case.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">is_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">bool</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.make_signed"></a><a href="make_signed.html" title="make_signed"> make_signed</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">make_signed</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> If T is a signed integer type then
the same type as T, if T is an unsigned integer type then the corresponding
signed type. Otherwise if T is an enumerated or character type (char or wchar_t)
then a signed integer type with the same width as T.
</p>
<p>
If T has any cv-qualifiers then these are also present on the result type.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Requires:</strong></span> T must be an integer or enumerated
type, and must not be the type bool.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id536444"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.15.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span>
<span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">long</span>
<span class="keyword">long</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_enum</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
A signed integer type with the same width as the enum.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
A signed integer type with the same width as wchar_t.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.make_unsigned"></a><a href="make_unsigned.html" title="make_unsigned"> make_unsigned</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">make_unsigned</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> If T is a unsigned integer type then
the same type as T, if T is an signed integer type then the corresponding
unsigned type. Otherwise if T is an enumerated or character type (char or
wchar_t) then an unsigned integer type with the same width as T.
</p>
<p>
If T has any cv-qualifiers then these are also present on the result type.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Requires:</strong></span> T must be an integer or enumerated
type, and must not be the type bool.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.1.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">make_unsigned</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id537077"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.16.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">unsigned</span> <span class="keyword">int</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span>
<span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">unsigned</span>
<span class="keyword">long</span> <span class="keyword">long</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_enum</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
An unsigned integer type with the same width as the enum.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">make_signed</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">wchar_t</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
An unsigned integer type with the same width as wchar_t.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
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Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.promote"></a><a href="promote.html" title="promote"> promote</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">promote</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> If integral or floating point promotion
can be applied to an rvalue of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
then applies integral and floating point promotions to <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
and keeps cv-qualifiers of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
otherwise leaves <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> unchanged.
See also <a href="integral_promotion.html" title="integral_promotion">integral_promotion</a>
and <a href="floating_point_promotion.html" title="floating_point_promotion">floating_point_promotion</a>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 4.5 except 4.5/3
(integral bit-field) and 4.6.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">promote</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id537779"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.17.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">promote</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">short</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">promote</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">float</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">double</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">promote</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">short</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot_2006-12-17_0120">
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.rank"></a><a href="rank.html" title="rank"> rank</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">rank</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">RANK</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span> <span class="special">{};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Inherits:</strong></span> Class template rank inherits from
<code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">RANK</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">)&gt;</span></code>,
where <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">RANK</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">)</span></code> is the
number of array dimensions in type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
If <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> is not an array type,
then <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">RANK</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">)</span></code> is zero.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">rank</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Examples:</strong></span>
</p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">rank</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[]&gt;</span></code>
inherits from <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">rank</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">double</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><a href="integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">integral_constant</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="number">3</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">rank</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code>
is an integral constant expression that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>1</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">rank</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[][</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>2</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">rank</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value</span></code> is an integral constant expression
that evaluates to <span class="emphasis"><em>0</em></span>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>
</p>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">rank</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> is the type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
</p>
</blockquote></div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.remove_all_extents"></a><a href="remove_all_extents.html" title="remove_all_extents"> remove_all_extents</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">remove_all_extents</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> If <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
is an array type, then removes all of the array bounds on <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
otherwise leaves <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> unchanged.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 8.3.4.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">remove_all_extents</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id539214"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.18.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_all_extents</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_all_extents</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_all_extents</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[][</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_all_extents</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_all_extents</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.remove_const"></a><a href="remove_const.html" title="remove_const"> remove_const</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">remove_const</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> The same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
but with any <span class="emphasis"><em>top level</em></span> const-qualifier removed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">remove_const</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id539936"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.19.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_const</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.remove_cv"></a><a href="remove_cv.html" title="remove_cv"> remove_cv</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">remove_cv</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> The same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
but with any <span class="emphasis"><em>top level</em></span> cv-qualifiers removed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">remove_cv</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id540641"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.20.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_cv</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_cv</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_cv</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_cv</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_cv</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.remove_extent"></a><a href="remove_extent.html" title="remove_extent"> remove_extent</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">remove_extent</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> If <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
is an array type, then removes the topmost array bound, otherwise leaves
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code> unchanged.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 8.3.4.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id541346"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.21.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">][</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">]</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[][</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">]</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_extent</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.remove_pointer"></a><a href="remove_pointer.html" title="remove_pointer"> remove_pointer</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">remove_pointer</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> The same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
but with any pointer modifier removed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 8.3.1.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">remove_pointer</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id542083"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.22.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">**&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_pointer</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.remove_reference"></a><a href="remove_reference.html" title="remove_reference"> remove_reference</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">remove_reference</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> The same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
but with any reference modifier removed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 8.3.2.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id542764"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.23.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
</tr></table>
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<div class="section" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.remove_volatile"></a><a href="remove_volatile.html" title="remove_volatile"> remove_volatile</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">remove_volatile</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> The same type as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>,
but with any <span class="emphasis"><em>top level</em></span> volatile-qualifier removed.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>C++ Standard Reference:</strong></span> 3.9.3.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Compiler Compatibility:</strong></span> If the compiler
does not support partial specialization of class-templates then this template
will compile, but the member <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
will always be the same as type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">T</span></code>
except where <a href="../category/transform.html#boost_typetraits.category.transform.broken_compiler_workarounds_">compiler
workarounds</a> have been applied.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">remove_volatile</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
<div class="table">
<a name="id543371"></a><p class="title"><b>Table<EFBFBD>1.24.<2E>Examples</b></p>
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Examples">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Result Type
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">&amp;&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&amp;</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">remove_volatile</span><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">volatile</span><span class="special">*&gt;::</span><span class="identifier">type</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">*</span></code>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<br class="table-break">
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits.reference.type_with_alignment"></a><a href="type_with_alignment.html" title="type_with_alignment"> type_with_alignment</a>
</h3></div></div></div>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">Align</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">type_with_alignment</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <em class="replaceable"><code>see-below</code></em> <span class="identifier">type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>type:</strong></span> a built-in or POD type with an alignment
that is a multiple of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Align</span></code>.
</p>
<p>
<span class="bold"><strong>Header:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span>
<span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_with_alignment</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span></code>
</p>
</div>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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<a name="boost_typetraits.user_defined"></a><a href="user_defined.html" title="User Defined Specializations"> User Defined Specializations</a>
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<p>
Occationally the end user may need to provide their own specialization for
one of the type traits - typically where intrinsic compiler support is required
to implement a specific trait fully. These specializations should derive from
boost::<a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a>
or boost::<a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a>
as appropriate:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_pod</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_class</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">type_traits</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">is_union</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">my_pod</span><span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <span class="identifier">my_union</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">char</span> <span class="identifier">c</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">i</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
<span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/is_pod.html" title="is_pod">is_pod</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_pod</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/is_pod.html" title="is_pod">is_pod</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_union</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/is_union.html" title="is_union">is_union</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_union</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">true_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special">&lt;&gt;</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a href="reference/is_class.html" title="is_class">is_class</a><span class="special">&lt;</span><span class="identifier">my_union</span><span class="special">&gt;</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> <a href="reference/integral_constant.html" title="integral_constant">false_type</a><span class="special">{};</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
</pre>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer"><small>Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p></small></div></td>
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<div><h2 class="title">
<a name="boost_typetraits"></a>Chapter<EFBFBD>1.<2E>Boost.TypeTraits</h2></div>
<div><div class="author"><h3 class="author">
<span class="firstname">various</span> <span class="surname">authors</span>
</h3></div></div>
<div><p class="copyright">Copyright <20> 2000, 2006 Adobe Systems Inc, David Abrahams,
Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Aleksey Gurtovoy, Howard Hinnant, Jesse Jones, Mat
Marcus, Itay Maman, John Maddock, Alexander Nasonov, Thorsten Ottosen, Robert
Ramey and Jeremy Siek</p></div>
<div><div class="legalnotice">
<a name="id435930"></a><p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
</div></div>
</div></div>
<div class="toc">
<p><b>Table of Contents</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/intro.html"> Introduction</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/background.html"> Background and Tutorial</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/category.html"> Type Traits by Category</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/category/value_traits.html"> Type Traits
that Describe the Properties of a Type</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/category/value_traits/primary.html"> Categorizing
a Type</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/category/value_traits/properties.html">
General Type Properties</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/category/value_traits/relate.html"> Relationships
Between Two Types</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/category/transform.html"> Type Traits that
Transform One Type to Another</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/category/alignment.html"> Synthesizing Types
with Specific Alignments</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/category/function.html"> Decomposing Function
Types</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/user_defined.html"> User Defined Specializations</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/intrinsics.html"> Support for Compiler Intrinsics</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/mpl.html"> MPL Interoperability</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/examples.html"> Examples</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/examples/copy.html"> An Optimized Version
of std::copy</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/examples/fill.html"> An Optimised Version
of std::fill</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/examples/destruct.html"> An Example that
Omits Destructor Calls For Types with Trivial Destructors</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/examples/iter.html"> An improved Version
of std::iter_swap</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/examples/to_double.html"> Convert Numeric
Types and Enums to double</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference.html"> Alphabetical Reference</a></span></dt>
<dd><dl>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/add_const.html"> add_const</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/add_cv.html"> add_cv</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/add_pointer.html"> add_pointer</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/add_reference.html"> add_reference</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/add_volatile.html"> add_volatile</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/aligned_storage.html"> aligned_storage</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/alignment_of.html"> alignment_of</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/decay.html"> decay</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/extent.html"> extent</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/floating_point_promotion.html">
floating_point_promotion</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/function_traits.html"> function_traits</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_nothrow_assign.html"> has_nothrow_assign</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_nothrow_constructor.html">
has_nothrow_constructor</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_nothrow_copy.html"> has_nothrow_copy</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_nothrow_cp_cons.html"> has_nothrow_copy_constructor</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_no_throw_def_cons.html"> has_nothrow_default_constructor</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_trivial_assign.html"> has_trivial_assign</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_trivial_constructor.html">
has_trivial_constructor</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_trivial_copy.html"> has_trivial_copy</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_trivial_cp_cons.html"> has_trivial_copy_constructor</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_trivial_def_cons.html"> has_trivial_default_constructor</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_trivial_destructor.html"> has_trivial_destructor</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/has_virtual_destructor.html"> has_virtual_destructor</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/integral_constant.html"> integral_constant</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/integral_promotion.html"> integral_promotion</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_abstract.html"> is_abstract</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_arithmetic.html"> is_arithmetic</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_array.html"> is_array</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_base_of.html"> is_base_of</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_class.html"> is_class</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_complex.html"> is_complex</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_compound.html"> is_compound</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_const.html"> is_const</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_convertible.html"> is_convertible</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_empty.html"> is_empty</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_enum.html"> is_enum</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_floating_point.html"> is_floating_point</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_function.html"> is_function</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_fundamental.html"> is_fundamental</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_integral.html"> is_integral</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_member_function_pointer.html">
is_member_function_pointer</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_member_object_pointer.html">
is_member_object_pointer</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_member_pointer.html"> is_member_pointer</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_object.html"> is_object</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_pod.html"> is_pod</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_pointer.html"> is_pointer</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_polymorphic.html"> is_polymorphic</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_same.html"> is_same</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_scalar.html"> is_scalar</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_signed.html"> is_signed</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_stateless.html"> is_stateless</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_reference.html"> is_reference</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_union.html"> is_union</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_unsigned.html"> is_unsigned</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_void.html"> is_void</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/is_volatile.html"> is_volatile</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/make_signed.html"> make_signed</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/make_unsigned.html"> make_unsigned</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/promote.html"> promote</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/rank.html"> rank</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/remove_all_extents.html"> remove_all_extents</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/remove_const.html"> remove_const</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/remove_cv.html"> remove_cv</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/remove_extent.html"> remove_extent</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/remove_pointer.html"> remove_pointer</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/remove_reference.html"> remove_reference</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/remove_volatile.html"> remove_volatile</a></span></dt>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/reference/type_with_alignment.html"> type_with_alignment</a></span></dt>
</dl></dd>
<dt><span class="section"><a href="boost_typetraits/credits.html"> Credits</a></span></dt>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"><p><small>Last revised: November 07, 2007 at 18:38:23 +0000</small></p></td>
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<P>Copyright&nbsp;John Maddock 2001</P>
<P>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file <A href="../../LICENSE_1_0.txt">
LICENSE_1_0.txt</A> or copy at <A href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</A>).</P>
@ -17,3 +15,5 @@

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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ TT_TEST_BEGIN(is_class)
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_class<f1>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_class<enum_UDT>::value, false);
#ifdef BOOST_HAS_TYPE_TRAITS_INTRINSICS
#if defined(BOOST_HAS_TYPE_TRAITS_INTRINSICS) && !defined(__sgi)
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_class<union_UDT>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_class<POD_union_UDT>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_class<empty_union_UDT>::value, false);

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@ -84,7 +84,11 @@ BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT((::tt::is_convertible<non_int_pointer, void*>::val
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT((::tt::is_convertible<test_abc1&, test_abc2&>::value), false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT((::tt::is_convertible<test_abc1&, int_constructible>::value), false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT((::tt::is_convertible<int_constructible, test_abc1&>::value), false);
#ifndef BOOST_NO_IS_ABSTRACT
#if !defined(BOOST_NO_IS_ABSTRACT) && !(defined(__hppa) && defined(__HP_aCC))
//
// This doesn't work with aCC on PA RISC even though the is_abstract tests do
// all pass, this may indicate a deeper problem...
//
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT((::tt::is_convertible<test_abc1&, test_abc2>::value), false);
#endif

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@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ TT_TEST_BEGIN(is_union)
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_union<f1>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_union<enum_UDT>::value, false);
#ifdef BOOST_HAS_TYPE_TRAITS_INTRINSICS
#if defined(BOOST_HAS_TYPE_TRAITS_INTRINSICS) && !defined(__sgi)
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_union<union_UDT>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_union<POD_union_UDT>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_union<empty_union_UDT>::value, true);

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@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
#include <boost/type_traits/is_same.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_convertible.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_polymorphic.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_member_pointer.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_member_object_pointer.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_member_function_pointer.hpp>
#include <boost/type_traits/is_pointer.hpp>
#endif
#include <stdexcept>
#include <new>
@ -80,6 +84,34 @@ BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_polymorphic<const std::runtime_error>::va
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_polymorphic<const std::out_of_range>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_polymorphic<const std::range_error>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_pointer<const f1>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_pointer<volatile f1>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_pointer<const volatile f1>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_pointer<const f1>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_pointer<const mp>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_pointer<volatile mp>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_pointer<const volatile mp>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_pointer<const mf3>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_pointer<volatile mf3>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_pointer<const volatile mf3>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_object_pointer<const f1>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_object_pointer<const mp>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_object_pointer<volatile mp>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_object_pointer<const volatile mp>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_object_pointer<const mf3>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_object_pointer<volatile mf3>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_object_pointer<const volatile mf3>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_function_pointer<const f1>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_function_pointer<const mp>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_function_pointer<volatile mp>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_function_pointer<const volatile mp>::value, false);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_function_pointer<const mf3>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_function_pointer<volatile mf3>::value, true);
BOOST_CHECK_INTEGRAL_CONSTANT(::tt::is_member_function_pointer<const volatile mf3>::value, true);
TT_TEST_END