removed redundant "in in"

[SVN r11111]
updated STL links
2001-09-13 13:56:37 +00:00 · 2001-09-05 22:45:51 +00:00 · 2001-09-05 18:33:04 +00:00 · 2001-09-05 17:49:36 +00:00 · 2001-09-05 17:44:35 +00:00 · 2001-09-05 17:43:20 +00:00
56 changed files with 9925 additions and 3237 deletions
--- a/Assignable.html
+++ b/Assignable.html
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+<HTML>
+<!--
+  -- Copyright (c) Jeremy Siek 2000
+  --
+  -- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+  -- and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+  -- provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
+  -- that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+  -- in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
+  -- representations about the suitability of this software for any
+  -- purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+  -->
+<Head>
+<Title>Assignable</Title>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" LINK="#0000ee" TEXT="#000000" VLINK="#551a8b" 
+        ALINK="#ff0000"> 
+<IMG SRC="../../c++boost.gif" 
+     ALT="C++ Boost" width="277" height="86"> 
+<!--end header-->
+<BR Clear>
+<H1>Assignable</H1>
+
+<h3>Description</h3>
+A type is Assignable if it is possible to assign one object of the type
+to another object of that type.
+
+
+<h3>Notation</h3>
+<Table>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>T</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+is type that is a model of Assignable
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>t</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+is an object of type <tt>T</tt>
+</TD>
+</tr>
+
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>u</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+is an object of type <tt>T</tt> or possibly <tt>const T</tt>
+</TD>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+<h3>Definitions</h3>
+<h3>Valid expressions</h3>
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>
+Name
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Expression
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Return type
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Semantics
+</TH>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Assignment
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>t = u</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>T&amp;</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>t</tt> is equivalent to <tt>u</tt>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+</table>
+
+
+</table>
+<h3>Models</h3>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><tt>int</tt>
+<LI><tt>std::pair</tt>
+</UL>
+
+<h3>See also</h3>
+<a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/DefaultConstructible.html">DefaultConstructible</A>
+and 
+<A href="./CopyConstructible.html">CopyConstructible</A>
+
+<br>
+<HR>
+<TABLE>
+<TR valign=top>
+<TD nowrap>Copyright &copy 2000</TD><TD>
+<A HREF=http://www.lsc.nd.edu/~jsiek>Jeremy Siek</A>, Univ.of Notre Dame (<A HREF="mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</A>)
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML> 
--- a/CopyConstructible.html
+++ b/CopyConstructible.html
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+<HTML>
+<!--
+  -- Copyright (c) Jeremy Siek 2000
+  --
+  -- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+  -- and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+  -- provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
+  -- that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+  -- in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
+  -- representations about the suitability of this software for any
+  -- purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+  -->
+<Head>
+<Title>Copy Constructible</Title>
+</HEAD>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" LINK="#0000ee" TEXT="#000000" VLINK="#551a8b" 
+        ALINK="#ff0000"> 
+<IMG SRC="../../c++boost.gif" 
+     ALT="C++ Boost" width="277" height="86"> 
+<!--end header-->
+<BR Clear>
+<H1>Copy Constructible</H1>
+
+<h3>Description</h3>
+A type is Copy Constructible if it is possible to copy objects of that
+type.
+
+<h3>Notation</h3>
+<Table>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>T</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+is type that is a model of Copy Constructible
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>t</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+is an object of type <tt>T</tt>
+</TD>
+</tr>
+
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>u</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+is an object of type <tt>const T</tt>
+</TD>
+</tr>
+
+</table>
+<h3>Definitions</h3>
+<h3>Valid expressions</h3>
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>
+Name
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Expression
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Return type
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Semantics
+</TH>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Copy constructor
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>T(t)</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>T</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>t</tt> is equivalent to <tt>T(t)</tt>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Copy constructor
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<pre>
+T(u)
+</pre>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>T</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>u</tt> is equivalent to <tt>T(u)</tt>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Destructor
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<pre>
+t.~T()
+</pre>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>T</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+&nbsp;
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Address Operator
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<pre>
+&amp;t
+</pre>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>T*</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+denotes the address of <tt>t</tt>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Address Operator
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<pre>
+&amp;u
+</pre>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>T*</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+denotes the address of <tt>u</tt>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+
+
+</table>
+
+
+</table>
+<h3>Models</h3>
+
+<UL>
+<LI><tt>int</tt>
+<LI><tt>std::pair</tt>
+</UL>
+
+<h3>Concept Checking Class</h3>
+
+<pre>
+  template &lt;class T&gt;
+  struct CopyConstructibleConcept
+  {
+    void constraints() {
+      T a(b);            // require copy constructor
+      T* ptr = &amp;a;       // require address of operator
+      const_constraints(a);
+      ignore_unused_variable_warning(ptr);
+    }
+    void const_constraints(const T&amp; a) {
+      T c(a);            // require const copy constructor
+      const T* ptr = &amp;a; // require const address of operator
+      ignore_unused_variable_warning(c);
+      ignore_unused_variable_warning(ptr);
+    }
+    T b;
+  };
+</pre>
+
+<h3>See also</h3>
+<A
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/DefaultConstructible.html">Default Constructible</A>
+and 
+<A hrefa="./Assignable.html">Assignable</A>
+
+<br>
+<HR>
+<TABLE>
+<TR valign=top>
+<TD nowrap>Copyright &copy 2000</TD><TD>
+<A HREF=http://www.lsc.nd.edu/~jsiek>Jeremy Siek</A>, Univ.of Notre Dame (<A HREF="mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</A>)
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML> 
--- a/LessThanComparable.html
+++ b/LessThanComparable.html
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+<HTML>
+<!--
+  -- Copyright (c) Jeremy Siek 2000
+  --
+  -- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+  -- and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+  -- provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
+  -- that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+  -- in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
+  -- representations about the suitability of this software for any
+  -- purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+  -->
+<!--
+  -- Copyright (c) 1996-1999
+  -- Silicon Graphics Computer Systems, Inc.
+  --
+  -- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+  -- and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+  -- provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
+  -- that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+  -- in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
+  -- representations about the suitability of this software for any
+  -- purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+  --
+  -- Copyright (c) 1994
+  -- Hewlett-Packard Company
+  --
+  -- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+  -- and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+  -- provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
+  -- that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+  -- in supporting documentation.  Hewlett-Packard Company makes no
+  -- representations about the suitability of this software for any
+  -- purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+  --
+  -->
+<Head>
+<Title>LessThanComparable</Title>
+</Head>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" LINK="#0000ee" TEXT="#000000" VLINK="#551a8b" 
+        ALINK="#ff0000"> 
+<IMG SRC="../../c++boost.gif" 
+     ALT="C++ Boost" width="277" height="86"> 
+<!--end header-->
+<BR Clear>
+<H1>LessThanComparable</H1>
+
+<h3>Description</h3>
+A type is LessThanComparable if it is ordered: it must
+be possible to compare two objects of that type using <tt>operator&lt;</tt>, and
+<tt>operator&lt;</tt> must be a strict weak ordering relation.
+
+
+<h3>Refinement of</h3>
+<h3>Associated types</h3>
+<h3>Notation</h3>
+<Table>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>X</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+A type that is a model of LessThanComparable
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>x</tt>, <tt>y</tt>, <tt>z</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Object of type <tt>X</tt>
+</TD>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h3>Definitions</h3>
+Consider the relation <tt>!(x &lt; y) &amp;&amp; !(y &lt; x)</tt>.  If this relation is
+transitive (that is, if <tt>!(x &lt; y) &amp;&amp; !(y &lt; x) &amp;&amp; !(y &lt; z) &amp;&amp; !(z &lt; y)</tt>
+implies <tt>!(x &lt; z) &amp;&amp; !(z &lt; x)</tt>), then it satisfies the mathematical
+definition of an equivalence relation.  In this case, <tt>operator&lt;</tt>
+is a <i>strict weak ordering</i>.
+<P>
+If <tt>operator&lt;</tt> is a strict weak ordering, and if each equivalence class
+has only a single element, then <tt>operator&lt;</tt> is a <i>total ordering</i>.
+<h3>Valid expressions</h3>
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>
+Name
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Expression
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Type requirements
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Return type
+</TH>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Less
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>x &lt; y</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+&nbsp;
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Convertible to <tt>bool</tt>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<h3>Expression semantics</h3>
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>
+Name
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Expression
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Precondition
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Semantics
+</TH>
+<TH>
+Postcondition
+</TH>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Less
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>x &lt; y</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>x</tt> and <tt>y</tt> are in the domain of <tt>&lt;</tt>
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+&nbsp;
+</TD>
+</table>
+
+
+<h3>Complexity guarantees</h3>
+<h3>Invariants</h3>
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Irreflexivity
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>x &lt; x</tt> must be false.
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Antisymmetry
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>x &lt; y</tt> implies !(y &lt; x) <A href="#2">[2]</A>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+<TR>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+Transitivity
+</TD>
+<TD VAlign=top>
+<tt>x &lt; y</tt> and <tt>y &lt; z</tt> implies <tt>x &lt; z</tt> <A href="#3">[3]</A>
+</TD>
+</tr>
+</table>
+<h3>Models</h3>
+<UL>
+<LI>
+int
+</UL>
+<h3>Notes</h3>
+<P><A name="1">[1]</A>
+Only <tt>operator&lt;</tt> is fundamental; the other inequality operators
+are essentially syntactic sugar.
+<P><A name="2">[2]</A>
+Antisymmetry is a theorem, not an axiom: it follows from
+irreflexivity and transitivity.
+<P><A name="3">[3]</A>
+Because of irreflexivity and transitivity, <tt>operator&lt;</tt> always
+satisfies the definition of a <i>partial ordering</i>.  The definition of
+a <i>strict weak ordering</i> is stricter, and the definition of a
+<i>total ordering</i> is stricter still.
+<h3>See also</h3>
+<A href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/EqualityComparable.html">EqualityComparable</A>, <A href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/StrictWeakOrdering.html">StrictWeakOrdering</A>
+
+
+
+<br>
+<HR>
+<TABLE>
+<TR valign=top>
+<TD nowrap>Copyright &copy 2000</TD><TD>
+<A HREF=http://www.lsc.nd.edu/~jsiek>Jeremy Siek</A>, Univ.of Notre Dame (<A HREF="mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</A>)
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML> 
--- a/MultiPassInputIterator.html
+++ b/MultiPassInputIterator.html
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+<HTML>
+<!--
+  -- Copyright (c) Jeremy Siek 2000
+  --
+  -- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+  -- and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+  -- provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
+  -- that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+  -- in supporting documentation.  Silicon Graphics makes no
+  -- representations about the suitability of this software for any
+  -- purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+  -->
+<Head>
+<Title>MultiPassInputIterator</Title>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" LINK="#0000ee" TEXT="#000000" VLINK="#551a8b" 
+	ALINK="#ff0000"> 
+<IMG SRC="../../c++boost.gif" 
+     ALT="C++ Boost" width="277" height="86"> 
+
+<BR Clear>
+
+<H2>
+<A NAME="concept:MultiPassInputIterator"></A>
+Multi-Pass Input Iterator
+</H2>
+
+This concept is a refinement of <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">Input Iterator</a>,
+adding the requirements that the iterator can be used to make multiple
+passes through a range, and that if <TT>it1 == it2</TT> and
+<TT>it1</TT> is dereferenceable then <TT>++it1 == ++it2</TT>. The
+Multi-Pass Input Iterator is very similar to the <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ForwardIterator.hmtl">Forward Iterator</a>. The
+only difference is that a <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ForwardIterator.hmtl">Forward Iterator</a>
+requires the <TT>reference</TT> type to be <TT>value_type&amp;</TT>, whereas
+MultiPassInputIterator is like <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">Input Iterator</a>
+in that the <TT>reference</TT> type merely has to be convertible to
+<TT>value_type</TT>.
+
+
+<h3>Design Notes</h3>
+
+comments by Valentin Bonnard:
+
+<p> I think that introducing Multi-Pass Input Iterator isn't the right
+solution. Do you also want to define Multi-Pass Bidirectionnal Iterator
+and Multi-Pass Random Access Iterator ? I don't, definitly. It only
+confuses the issue. The problem lies into the existing hierarchy of
+iterators, which mixes movabillity, modifiabillity and lvalue-ness,
+and these are clearly independant.
+
+<p> The terms Forward, Bidirectionnal and Random Access are about
+movabillity and shouldn't be used to mean anything else.  In a
+completly orthogonal way, iterators can be immutable, mutable, or
+neither.  Lvalueness of iterators is also orthogonal with
+immutabillity.  With these clean concepts, your Multi-Pass Input Iterator
+is just called a Forward Iterator.
+
+<p>                
+Other translations are:<br>
+std::Forward Iterator -> ForwardIterator & Lvalue Iterator<br>
+std::Bidirectionnal Iterator -> Bidirectionnal Iterator & Lvalue Iterator<br>
+std::Random Access Iterator -> Random Access Iterator & Lvalue Iterator<br>
+
+<p>
+Note that in practice the only operation not allowed on my 
+Forward Iterator which is allowed on std::Forward Iterator is 
+<tt>&*it</tt>. I think that <tt>&*</tt> is rarely needed in generic code.
+
+<p>
+reply by Jeremy Siek:
+
+<p>
+The above analysis by Valentin is right on. Of course, there is
+the problem with backward compatibility. The current STL implementations
+are based on the old definition of Forward Iterator. The right course
+of action is to get Forward Iterator, etc. changed in the C++ standard.
+Once that is done we can drop Multi-Pass Input Iterator.
+
+
+<br>
+<HR>
+<TABLE>
+<TR valign=top>
+<TD nowrap>Copyright &copy 2000</TD><TD>
+<A HREF=http://www.boost.org/people/jeremy_siek.htm>Jeremy Siek</A>, Univ.of Notre Dame (<A HREF="mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</A>)
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML> 
--- a/algo_opt_examples.cpp
+++ b/algo_opt_examples.cpp
@@ -1,423 +0,0 @@
-
-/*
- *
- * Copyright (c) 1999
- * Dr John Maddock
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
- * and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
- * provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and
- * that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
- * in supporting documentation.  Dr John Maddock makes no representations
- * about the suitability of this software for any purpose.
- * It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
- *
- * This file provides some example of type_traits usage -
- * by "optimising" various algorithms:
- *
- * opt::copy - optimised for trivial copy (cf std::copy)
- * opt::fill - optimised for trivial copy/small types (cf std::fill)
- * opt::destroy_array - an example of optimisation based upon omitted destructor calls
- * opt::iter_swap - uses type_traits to determine whether the iterator is a proxy
- *                  in which case it uses a "safe" approach, otherwise calls swap
- *                  on the assumption that swap may be specialised for the pointed-to type.
- *
- */
-
-/* Release notes:
-   23rd July 2000:
-      Added explicit failure for broken compilers that don't support these examples.
-      Fixed broken gcc support (broken using directive).
-      Reordered tests slightly.
-*/
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <typeinfo>
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <vector>
-#include <memory>
-
-#include <boost/timer.hpp>
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
-
-using std::cout;
-using std::endl;
-using std::cin;
-
-#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#error "Sorry, without template partial specialisation support there isn't anything to test here..."
-#endif
-
-namespace opt{
-
-//
-// algorithm destroy_arry:
-// The reverse of std::unitialized_copy, takes a block of
-// unitialized memory and calls destructors on all objects therein.
-//
-
-namespace detail{
-
-template <bool>
-struct array_destroyer
-{
-   template <class T>
-   static void destroy_array(T* i, T* j){ do_destroy_array(i, j); }
-};
-
-template <>
-struct array_destroyer<true>
-{
-   template <class T>
-   static void destroy_array(T*, T*){}
-};
-
-template <class T>
-void do_destroy_array(T* first, T* last)
-{
-   while(first != last)
-   {
-      first->~T();
-      ++first;
-   }
-}
-
-}; // namespace detail
-
-template <class T>
-inline void destroy_array(T* p1, T* p2)
-{
-   detail::array_destroyer<boost::has_trivial_destructor<T>::value>::destroy_array(p1, p2);
-}
-
-//
-// unoptimised versions of destroy_array:
-//
-template <class T>
-void destroy_array1(T* first, T* last)
-{
-   while(first != last)
-   {
-      first->~T();
-      ++first;
-   }
-}
-template <class T>
-void destroy_array2(T* first, T* last)
-{
-   for(; first != last; ++first) first->~T();
-}
-
-
-//
-// opt::copy
-// same semantics as std::copy
-// calls memcpy where appropiate.
-//
-
-namespace detail{
-
-template <bool b>
-struct copier
-{
-   template<typename I1, typename I2>
-   static I2 do_copy(I1 first, I1 last, I2 out);
-};
-
-template <bool b>
-template<typename I1, typename I2>
-I2 copier<b>::do_copy(I1 first, I1 last, I2 out)
-{
-   while(first != last)
-   {
-      *out = *first;
-      ++out;
-      ++first;
-   }
-   return out;
-}
-
-template <>
-struct copier<true>
-{
-   template<typename I1, typename I2>
-   static I2* do_copy(I1* first, I1* last, I2* out)
-   {
-      memcpy(out, first, (last-first)*sizeof(I2));
-      return out+(last-first);
-   }
-};
-
-
-}
-
-template<typename I1, typename I2>
-inline I2 copy(I1 first, I1 last, I2 out)
-{
-   typedef typename boost::remove_cv<typename std::iterator_traits<I1>::value_type>::type v1_t;
-   typedef typename boost::remove_cv<typename std::iterator_traits<I2>::value_type>::type v2_t;
-   enum{ can_opt = boost::is_same<v1_t, v2_t>::value
-                   && boost::is_pointer<I1>::value
-                   && boost::is_pointer<I2>::value
-                   && boost::has_trivial_assign<v1_t>::value };
-   return detail::copier<can_opt>::do_copy(first, last, out);
-}
-
-//
-// fill
-// same as std::fill, uses memset where appropriate, along with call_traits
-// to "optimise" parameter passing.
-//
-namespace detail{
-
-template <bool opt>
-struct filler
-{
-   template <typename I, typename T>
-   static void do_fill(I first, I last, typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val);
- };
-
-template <bool b>
-template <typename I, typename T>
-void filler<b>::do_fill(I first, I last, typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val)
-{
-   while(first != last)
-   {
-      *first = val;
-      ++first;
-   }
-}
-
-template <>
-struct filler<true>
-{
-   template <typename I, typename T>
-   static void do_fill(I first, I last, T val)
-   {
-      memset(first, val, last-first);
-   }
-};
-
-}
-
-template <class I, class T>
-inline void fill(I first, I last, const T& val)
-{
-   enum{ can_opt = boost::is_pointer<I>::value
-                   && boost::is_arithmetic<T>::value
-                   && (sizeof(T) == 1) };
-   typedef detail::filler<can_opt> filler_t;
-   filler_t::template do_fill<I,T>(first, last, val);
-}
-
-//
-// iter_swap:
-// tests whether iterator is a proxying iterator or not, and
-// uses optimal form accordingly:
-//
-namespace detail{
-
-template <bool b>
-struct swapper
-{
-   template <typename I>
-   static void do_swap(I one, I two)
-   {
-      typedef typename std::iterator_traits<I>::value_type v_t;
-      v_t v = *one;
-      *one = *two;
-      *two = v;
-   }
-};
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-using std::swap;
-#endif
-
-template <>
-struct swapper<true>
-{
-   template <typename I>
-   static void do_swap(I one, I two)
-   {
-      using std::swap;
-      swap(*one, *two);
-   }
-};
-
-}
-
-template <typename I1, typename I2>
-inline void iter_swap(I1 one, I2 two)
-{
-   typedef typename std::iterator_traits<I1>::reference r1_t;
-   typedef typename std::iterator_traits<I2>::reference r2_t;
-   enum{ can_opt = boost::is_reference<r1_t>::value && boost::is_reference<r2_t>::value && boost::is_same<r1_t, r2_t>::value };
-   detail::swapper<can_opt>::do_swap(one, two);
-}
-
-
-};   // namespace opt
-
-//
-// define some global data:
-//
-const int array_size = 1000;
-int i_array[array_size] = {0,};
-const int ci_array[array_size] = {0,};
-char c_array[array_size] = {0,};
-const char cc_array[array_size] = { 0,};
-
-const int iter_count = 1000000;
-
-
-int main()
-{
-   //
-   // test destroy_array,
-   // compare destruction time of an array of ints
-   // with unoptimised form.
-   //
-   cout << "Measuring times in micro-seconds per 1000 elements processed" << endl << endl;
-   cout << "testing destroy_array...\n"
-    "[Some compilers may be able to optimise the \"unoptimised\"\n versions as well as type_traits does.]" << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::destroy_array(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   boost::timer t;
-   double result;
-   int i;
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::destroy_array(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "destroy_array<int>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::destroy_array1(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::destroy_array1(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "destroy_array<int>(unoptimised#1): " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::destroy_array2(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::destroy_array2(i_array, i_array + array_size);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "destroy_array<int>(unoptimised#2): " << result << endl << endl;
-
-   cout << "testing fill(char)...\n"
-   "[Some standard library versions may already perform this optimisation.]" << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::fill<char*, char>(c_array, c_array + array_size, (char)3);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::fill<char*, char>(c_array, c_array + array_size, (char)3);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "opt::fill<char*, char>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ std::fill(c_array, c_array + array_size, (char)3);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      std::fill(c_array, c_array + array_size, (char)3);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "std::fill<char*, char>: " << result << endl << endl;
-
-   cout << "testing fill(int)...\n"
-   "[Tests the effect of call_traits pass-by-value optimisation -\nthe value of this optimisation may depend upon hardware characteristics.]" << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::fill<int*, int>(i_array, i_array + array_size, 3);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::fill<int*, int>(i_array, i_array + array_size, 3);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "opt::fill<int*, int>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ std::fill(i_array, i_array + array_size, 3);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      std::fill(i_array, i_array + array_size, 3);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "std::fill<int*, int>: " << result << endl << endl;
-
-   cout << "testing copy...\n"
-   "[Some standard library versions may already perform this optimisation.]" << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "opt::copy<const int*, int*>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ std::copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      std::copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "std::copy<const int*, int*>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::detail::copier<false>::template do_copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::detail::copier<false>::template do_copy<const int*, int*>(ci_array, ci_array + array_size, i_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "standard \"unoptimised\" copy: " << result << endl << endl;
-
-   /*cache load*/ opt::copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "opt::copy<const char*, char*>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ std::copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      std::copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "std::copy<const char*, char*>: " << result << endl;
-   /*cache load*/ opt::detail::copier<false>::template do_copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   t.restart();
-   for(i = 0; i < iter_count; ++i)
-   {
-      opt::detail::copier<false>::template do_copy<const char*, char*>(cc_array, cc_array + array_size, c_array);
-   }
-   result = t.elapsed();
-   cout << "standard \"unoptimised\" copy: " << result << endl << endl;
-
-
-   //
-   // testing iter_swap
-   // really just a check that it does in fact compile...
-   std::vector<int> v1;
-   v1.push_back(0);
-   v1.push_back(1);
-   std::vector<bool> v2;
-   v2.push_back(0);
-   v2.push_back(1);
-   opt::iter_swap(v1.begin(), v1.begin()+1);
-   opt::iter_swap(v2.begin(), v2.begin()+1);
-
-   cout << "Press any key to exit...";
-   cin.get();
-}
-
-
-
-
-
--- a/call_traits.htm
+++ b/call_traits.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<meta name="Template"
+content="C:\PROGRAM FILES\MICROSOFT OFFICE\OFFICE\html.dot">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+<title>Call Traits</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
+vlink="#800080">
+
+<h1><img src="../../c++boost.gif" width="276" height="86">Header
+&lt;<a href="../../boost/detail/call_traits.hpp">boost/call_traits.hpp</a>&gt;</h1>
+
+<p>All of the contents of &lt;boost/call_traits.hpp&gt; are
+defined inside namespace boost.</p>
+
+<p>The template class call_traits&lt;T&gt; encapsulates the
+&quot;best&quot; method to pass a parameter of some type T to or
+from a function, and consists of a collection of typedefs defined
+as in the table below. The purpose of call_traits is to ensure
+that problems like &quot;<a href="#refs">references to references</a>&quot;
+never occur, and that parameters are passed in the most efficient
+manner possible (see <a href="#examples">examples</a>). In each
+case if your existing practice is to use the type defined on the
+left, then replace it with the call_traits defined type on the
+right. </p>
+
+<p>Note that for compilers that do not support either partial
+specialization or member templates, no benefit will occur from
+using call_traits: the call_traits defined types will always be
+the same as the existing practice in this case. In addition if
+only member templates and not partial template specialisation is
+support by the compiler (for example Visual C++ 6) then
+call_traits can not be used with array types (although it can be
+used to solve the reference to reference problem).</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="797">
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">Existing practice</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">call_traits equivalent</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">Description</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">Notes</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">T<br>
+        (return by value)</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%"><p align="center"><code>call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type</code></p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%">Defines a type that
+        represents the &quot;value&quot; of type T. Use this for
+        functions that return by value, or possibly for stored
+        values of type T.</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%"><p align="center">2</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">T&amp;<br>
+        (return value)</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%"><p align="center"><code>call_traits&lt;T&gt;::reference</code></p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%">Defines a type that
+        represents a reference to type T. Use for functions that
+        would normally return a T&amp;.</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%"><p align="center">1</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        T&amp;<br>
+        (return value)</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%"><p align="center"><code>call_traits&lt;T&gt;::const_reference</code></p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%">Defines a type that
+        represents a constant reference to type T. Use for
+        functions that would normally return a const T&amp;.</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%"><p align="center">1</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        T&amp;<br>
+        (function parameter)</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="35%"><p align="center"><code>call_traits&lt;T&gt;::param_type</code></p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="32%">Defines a type that
+        represents the &quot;best&quot; way to pass a parameter
+        of type T to a function.</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="16%"><p align="center">1,3</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Notes:</p>
+
+<ol>
+    <li>If T is already reference type, then call_traits is
+        defined such that <a href="#refs">references to
+        references</a> do not occur (requires partial
+        specialization).</li>
+    <li>If T is an array type, then call_traits defines <code>value_type</code>
+        as a &quot;constant pointer to type&quot; rather than an
+        &quot;array of type&quot; (requires partial
+        specialization). Note that if you are using value_type as
+        a stored value then this will result in storing a &quot;constant
+        pointer to an array&quot; rather than the array itself.
+        This may or may not be a good thing depending upon what
+        you actually need (in other words take care!).</li>
+    <li>If T is a small built in type or a pointer, then <code>param_type</code>
+        is defined as <code>T const</code>, instead of <code>T
+        const&amp;</code>. This can improve the ability of the
+        compiler to optimize loops in the body of the function if
+        they depend upon the passed parameter, the semantics of
+        the passed parameter is otherwise unchanged (requires
+        partial specialization).</li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h3>Copy constructibility</h3>
+
+<p>The following table defines which call_traits types can always
+be copy-constructed from which other types, those entries marked
+with a '?' are true only if and only if T is copy constructible:</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="766">
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%">&nbsp;</td>
+        <td valign="top" colspan="5" width="85%"
+        bgcolor="#008080"><p align="center">To:</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#008080">From:</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">T</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">value_type</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const_reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">param_type</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">T</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">value_type</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">reference</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">const_reference</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">param_type</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">?</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">N</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>If T is an assignable type the following assignments are
+possible:</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="766">
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%">&nbsp;</td>
+        <td valign="top" colspan="5" width="85%"
+        bgcolor="#008080"><p align="center">To:</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#008080">From:</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">T</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">value_type</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const_reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">param_type</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">T</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">value_type</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">reference</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">const_reference</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0">param_type</td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">Y</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">-</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h3><a name="examples"></a>Examples</h3>
+
+<p>The following table shows the effect that call_traits has on
+various types, the table assumes that the compiler supports
+partial specialization: if it doesn't then all types behave in
+the same way as the entry for &quot;myclass&quot;, and
+call_traits can not be used with reference or array types.</p>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" width="766">
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%">&nbsp;</td>
+        <td valign="top" colspan="5" width="85%"
+        bgcolor="#008080"><p align="center">Call_traits type:</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#008080"><p
+        align="center">Original type T</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">value_type</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const_reference</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">param_type</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">Applies to:</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">myclass</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">myclass</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">myclass&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        myclass&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">myclass
+        const&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All user
+        defined types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">int</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int const</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All small
+        built-in types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">int*</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int*</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int*&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int*const&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int* const</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All
+        pointer types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All
+        reference types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const
+        int&amp;</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All
+        constant-references.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">int[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int*</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">int(&amp;)[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int(&amp;)[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int*
+        const</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All array
+        types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"><p
+        align="center">const int[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int*</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int(&amp;)[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int(&amp;)[3]</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">const int*
+        const</p>
+        </td>
+        <td valign="top" width="17%"><p align="center">All
+        constant-array types.</p>
+        </td>
+    </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h4>Example 1:</h4>
+
+<p>The following class is a trivial class that stores some type T
+by value (see the <a href="call_traits_test.cpp">call_traits_test.cpp</a>
+file), the aim is to illustrate how each of the available
+call_traits typedefs may be used:</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+struct contained
+{
+   // define our typedefs first, arrays are stored by value
+   // so value_type is not the same as result_type:
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::param_type       param_type;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::reference        reference;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::const_reference  const_reference;
+   typedef T                                                value_type;
+   typedef typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type       result_type;
+
+   // stored value:
+   value_type v_;
+   
+   // constructors:
+   contained() {}
+   contained(param_type p) : v_(p){}
+   // return byval:
+   result_type value() { return v_; }
+   // return by_ref:
+   reference get() { return v_; }
+   const_reference const_get()const { return v_; }
+   // pass value:
+   void call(param_type p){}
+
+};</pre>
+
+<h4><a name="refs"></a>Example 2 (the reference to reference
+problem):</h4>
+
+<p>Consider the definition of std::binder1st:</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class Operation&gt; 
+class binder1st : 
+   public unary_function&lt;typename Operation::second_argument_type, typename Operation::result_type&gt; 
+{ 
+protected: 
+   Operation op; 
+   typename Operation::first_argument_type value; 
+public: 
+   binder1st(const Operation&amp; x, const typename Operation::first_argument_type&amp; y); 
+   typename Operation::result_type operator()(const typename Operation::second_argument_type&amp; x) const; 
+}; </pre>
+
+<p>Now consider what happens in the relatively common case that
+the functor takes its second argument as a reference, that
+implies that <code>Operation::second_argument_type</code> is a
+reference type, <code>operator()</code> will now end up taking a
+reference to a reference as an argument, and that is not
+currently legal. The solution here is to modify <code>operator()</code>
+to use call_traits:</p>
+
+<pre>typename Operation::result_type operator()(typename call_traits&lt;typename Operation::second_argument_type&gt;::param_type x) const;</pre>
+
+<p>Now in the case that <code>Operation::second_argument_type</code>
+is a reference type, the argument is passed as a reference, and
+the no &quot;reference to reference&quot; occurs.</p>
+
+<h4><a name="ex3"></a>Example 3 (the make_pair problem):</h4>
+
+<p>If we pass the name of an array as one (or both) arguments to <code>std::make_pair</code>,
+then template argument deduction deduces the passed parameter as
+&quot;const reference to array of T&quot;, this also applies to
+string literals (which are really array literals). Consequently
+instead of returning a pair of pointers, it tries to return a
+pair of arrays, and since an array type is not copy-constructible
+the code fails to compile. One solution is to explicitly cast the
+arguments to make_pair to pointers, but call_traits provides a
+better (i.e. automatic) solution (and one that works safely even
+in generic code where the cast might do the wrong thing):</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T1, class T2&gt;
+std::pair&lt;
+   typename boost::call_traits&lt;T1&gt;::value_type, 
+   typename boost::call_traits&lt;T2&gt;::value_type&gt; 
+      make_pair(const T1&amp; t1, const T2&amp; t2)
+{
+   return std::pair&lt;
+      typename boost::call_traits&lt;T1&gt;::value_type, 
+      typename boost::call_traits&lt;T2&gt;::value_type&gt;(t1, t2);
+}</pre>
+
+<p>Here, the deduced argument types will be automatically
+degraded to pointers if the deduced types are arrays, similar
+situations occur in the standard binders and adapters: in
+principle in any function that &quot;wraps&quot; a temporary
+whose type is deduced. Note that the function arguments to
+make_pair are not expressed in terms of call_traits: doing so
+would prevent template argument deduction from functioning.</p>
+
+<h4><a name="ex4"></a>Example 4 (optimising fill):</h4>
+
+<p>The call_traits template will &quot;optimize&quot; the passing
+of a small built-in type as a function parameter, this mainly has
+an effect when the parameter is used within a loop body. In the
+following example (see <a href="algo_opt_examples.cpp">algo_opt_examples.cpp</a>),
+a version of std::fill is optimized in two ways: if the type
+passed is a single byte built-in type then std::memset is used to
+effect the fill, otherwise a conventional C++ implemention is
+used, but with the passed parameter &quot;optimized&quot; using
+call_traits:</p>
+
+<pre>namespace detail{
+
+template &lt;bool opt&gt;
+struct filler
+{
+   template &lt;typename I, typename T&gt;
+   static void do_fill(I first, I last, typename boost::call_traits&lt;T&gt;::param_type val);
+   {
+      while(first != last)
+      {
+         *first = val;
+         ++first;
+      }
+   }
+};
+
+template &lt;&gt;
+struct filler&lt;true&gt;
+{
+   template &lt;typename I, typename T&gt;
+   static void do_fill(I first, I last, T val)
+   {
+      memset(first, val, last-first);
+   }
+};
+
+}
+
+template &lt;class I, class T&gt;
+inline void fill(I first, I last, const T&amp; val)
+{
+   enum{ can_opt = boost::is_pointer&lt;I&gt;::value
+                   &amp;&amp; boost::is_arithmetic&lt;T&gt;::value
+                   &amp;&amp; (sizeof(T) == 1) };
+   typedef detail::filler&lt;can_opt&gt; filler_t;
+   filler_t::template do_fill&lt;I,T&gt;(first, last, val);
+}</pre>
+
+<p>Footnote: the reason that this is &quot;optimal&quot; for
+small built-in types is that with the value passed as &quot;T
+const&quot; instead of &quot;const T&amp;&quot; the compiler is
+able to tell both that the value is constant and that it is free
+of aliases. With this information the compiler is able to cache
+the passed value in a register, unroll the loop, or use
+explicitly parallel instructions: if any of these are supported.
+Exactly how much mileage you will get from this depends upon your
+compiler - we could really use some accurate benchmarking
+software as part of boost for cases like this.</p>
+
+<p>Note that the function arguments to fill are not expressed in
+terms of call_traits: doing so would prevent template argument
+deduction from functioning. Instead fill acts as a &quot;thin
+wrapper&quot; that is there to perform template argument
+deduction, the compiler will optimise away the call to fill all
+together, replacing it with the call to filler&lt;&gt;::do_fill,
+which does use call_traits.</p>
+
+<h3>Rationale</h3>
+
+<p>The following notes are intended to briefly describe the
+rational behind choices made in call_traits.</p>
+
+<p>All user-defined types follow &quot;existing practice&quot;
+and need no comment.</p>
+
+<p>Small built-in types (what the standard calls fundamental
+types [3.9.1]) differ from existing practice only in the <i>param_type</i>
+typedef. In this case passing &quot;T const&quot; is compatible
+with existing practice, but may improve performance in some cases
+(see <a href="#ex4">Example 4</a>), in any case this should never
+be any worse than existing practice.</p>
+
+<p>Pointers follow the same rational as small built-in types.</p>
+
+<p>For reference types the rational follows <a href="#refs">Example
+2</a> - references to references are not allowed, so the
+call_traits members must be defined such that these problems do
+not occur. There is a proposal to modify the language such that
+&quot;a reference to a reference is a reference&quot; (issue #106,
+submitted by Bjarne Stroustrup), call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type
+and call_traits&lt;T&gt;::param_type both provide the same effect
+as that proposal, without the need for a language change (in
+other words it's a workaround).</p>
+
+<p>For array types, a function that takes an array as an argument
+will degrade the array type to a pointer type: this means that
+the type of the actual parameter is different from its declared
+type, something that can cause endless problems in template code
+that relies on the declared type of a parameter. For example:</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+struct A
+{
+   void foo(T t);
+};</pre>
+
+<p><font face="Times New Roman">In this case if we instantiate
+A&lt;int[2]&gt; then the declared type of the parameter passed to
+member function foo is int[2], but it's actual type is const int*,
+if we try to use the type T within the function body, then there
+is a strong likelyhood that our code will not compile:</font></p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+void A&lt;T&gt;::foo(T t)
+{
+   T dup(t); // doesn't compile for case that T is an array.
+}</pre>
+
+<p>By using call_traits the degradation from array to pointer is
+explicit, and the type of the parameter is the same as it's
+declared type:</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+struct A
+{
+   void foo(typename call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type t);
+};
+
+template &lt;class T&gt;
+void A&lt;T&gt;::foo(typename call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type t)
+{
+   typename call_traits&lt;T&gt;::value_type dup(t); // OK even if T is an array type.
+}</pre>
+
+<p>For value_type (return by value), again only a pointer may be
+returned, not a copy of the whole array, and again call_traits
+makes the degradation explicit. The value_type member is useful
+whenever an array must be explicitly degraded to a pointer - <a
+href="#ex3">Example 3</a> provides the test case (Footnote: the
+array specialisation for call_traits is the least well understood
+of all the call_traits specialisations, if the given semantics
+cause specific problems for you, or don't solve a particular
+array-related problem, then I would be interested to hear about
+it. Most people though will probably never need to use this
+specialisation).</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<p>Revised 01 September 2000</p>
+
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright boost.org 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+sell and distribute this document is granted provided this
+copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided
+&quot;as is&quot; without express or implied warranty, and with
+no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Based on contributions by Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard
+Hinnant and John Maddock.</p>
+
+<p>Maintained by <a href="mailto:John_Maddock@compuserve.com">John
+Maddock</a>, the latest version of this file can be found at <a
+href="http://www.boost.org/">www.boost.org</a>, and the boost
+discussion list at <a href="http://www.yahoogroups.com/list/boost">www.yahoogroups.com/list/boost</a>.</p>
+
+<p>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/call_traits_test.cpp
+++ b/call_traits_test.cpp
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+ // boost::compressed_pair test program   
+    
+ //  (C) Copyright John Maddock 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and   
+ //  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears   
+ //  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied   
+ //  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.   
+
+// standalone test program for <boost/call_traits.hpp>
+// 03 Oct 2000:
+//    Enabled extra tests for VC6.

 #include <cassert>
 #include <iostream>
@@ -6,12 +16,7 @@
 #include <typeinfo>
 #include <boost/call_traits.hpp>

-#ifdef __BORLANDC__
-// turn off some warnings, the way we do the tests will generate a *lot* of these
-// this is a result of the tests not call_traits itself....
-#pragma option -w-8004 -w-ccc -w-rch -w-eff -w-aus
-#endif
-
+#include <boost/type_traits/type_traits_test.hpp>
 //
 // struct contained models a type that contains a type (for example std::pair)
 // arrays are contained by value, and have to be treated as a special case:
@@ -93,18 +98,18 @@ std::pair<
 using namespace std;

 //
-// struct checker:
+// struct call_traits_checker:
 // verifies behaviour of contained example:
 //
 template <class T>
-struct checker
+struct call_traits_checker
 {
   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type param_type;
   void operator()(param_type);
 };

 template <class T>
-void checker<T>::operator()(param_type p)
+void call_traits_checker<T>::operator()(param_type p)
 {
   T t(p);
   contained<T> c(t);
@@ -112,18 +117,19 @@ void checker<T>::operator()(param_type p)
   assert(t == c.value());
   assert(t == c.get());
   assert(t == c.const_get());
-
-   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::v_ is:           " << typeid(&contained<T>::v_).name() << endl;
+#ifndef __ICL
+   //cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::v_ is:           " << typeid(&contained<T>::v_).name() << endl;
   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::value() is:      " << typeid(&contained<T>::value).name() << endl;
   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::get() is:        " << typeid(&contained<T>::get).name() << endl;
   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::const_get() is:  " << typeid(&contained<T>::const_get).name() << endl;
   cout << "typeof contained<" << typeid(T).name() << ">::call() is:       " << typeid(&contained<T>::call).name() << endl;
   cout << endl;
+#endif
 }

 #ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
 template <class T, std::size_t N>
-struct checker<T[N]>
+struct call_traits_checker<T[N]>
 {
   typedef typename boost::call_traits<T[N]>::param_type param_type;
   void operator()(param_type t)
@@ -171,57 +177,34 @@ void check_make_pair(T c, U u, V v)
 }


-struct UDT
+struct comparible_UDT
 {
   int i_;
-   UDT() : i_(2){}
-   bool operator == (const UDT& v){ return v.i_ == i_; }
+   comparible_UDT() : i_(2){}
+   bool operator == (const comparible_UDT& v){ return v.i_ == i_; }
 };

-//
-// define tests here
-unsigned failures = 0;
-unsigned test_count = 0;
-
-#define value_test(v, x) ++test_count;\
-                         if(v != x){++failures; std::cout << "checking value of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl;}
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                           if(boost::is_same<v, x>::value == false){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << typeid(boost::is_same<v, x>).name() << "::value is false" << std::endl; }
-#else
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(typeid(v) != typeid(x)){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << "typeid(" #v ") != typeid(" #x ")" << std::endl; }
-#endif
-
-int main()
+int main(int argc, char *argv[ ])
 {
-   checker<UDT> c1;
-   UDT u;
+   call_traits_checker<comparible_UDT> c1;
+   comparible_UDT u;
   c1(u);
-   checker<int> c2;
+   call_traits_checker<int> c2;
   int i = 2;
   c2(i);
   int* pi = &i;
-   checker<int*> c3;
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES) || !defined(BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES)
+   call_traits_checker<int*> c3;
   c3(pi);
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-   checker<int&> c4;
+   call_traits_checker<int&> c4;
   c4(i);
-   checker<const int&> c5;
+   call_traits_checker<const int&> c5;
   c5(i);
-
+#if !defined (BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION)
   int a[2] = {1,2};
-   checker<int[2]> c6;
+   call_traits_checker<int[2]> c6;
   c6(a);
+#endif
 #endif

   check_wrap(wrap(2), 2);
@@ -238,10 +221,10 @@ int main()
   typedef int& r_type;
   typedef const r_type cr_type;

-   type_test(UDT, boost::call_traits<UDT>::value_type)
-   type_test(UDT&, boost::call_traits<UDT>::reference)
-   type_test(const UDT&, boost::call_traits<UDT>::const_reference)
-   type_test(const UDT&, boost::call_traits<UDT>::param_type)
+   type_test(comparible_UDT, boost::call_traits<comparible_UDT>::value_type)
+   type_test(comparible_UDT&, boost::call_traits<comparible_UDT>::reference)
+   type_test(const comparible_UDT&, boost::call_traits<comparible_UDT>::const_reference)
+   type_test(const comparible_UDT&, boost::call_traits<comparible_UDT>::param_type)
   type_test(int, boost::call_traits<int>::value_type)
   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<int>::reference)
   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<int>::const_reference)
@@ -250,7 +233,7 @@ int main()
   type_test(int*&, boost::call_traits<int*>::reference)
   type_test(int*const&, boost::call_traits<int*>::const_reference)
   type_test(int*const, boost::call_traits<int*>::param_type)
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES) || !defined(BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES)
   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::value_type)
   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::reference)
   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<int&>::const_reference)
@@ -261,7 +244,7 @@ int main()
   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::const_reference)
   type_test(int&, boost::call_traits<cr_type>::param_type)
 #else
-   std::cout << "GNU C++ cannot instantiate call_traits<cr_type>, skipping four tests (4 errors)" << std::endl;
+   std::cout << "Your compiler cannot instantiate call_traits<int&const>, skipping four tests (4 errors)" << std::endl;
   failures += 4;
   test_count += 4;
 #endif
@@ -269,6 +252,7 @@ int main()
   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::reference)
   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::const_reference)
   type_test(const int&, boost::call_traits<const int&>::param_type)
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
   type_test(const int*, boost::call_traits<int[3]>::value_type)
   type_test(int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<int[3]>::reference)
   type_test(const int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<int[3]>::const_reference)
@@ -277,15 +261,18 @@ int main()
   type_test(const int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::reference)
   type_test(const int(&)[3], boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::const_reference)
   type_test(const int*const, boost::call_traits<const int[3]>::param_type)
+#else
+   std::cout << "You're compiler does not support partial template instantiation, skipping 8 tests (8 errors)" << std::endl;
+   failures += 8;
+   test_count += 8;
+#endif
 #else
   std::cout << "You're compiler does not support partial template instantiation, skipping 20 tests (20 errors)" << std::endl;
   failures += 20;
   test_count += 20;
 #endif

-   std::cout << std::endl << test_count << " tests completed (" << failures << " failures)... press any key to exit";
-   std::cin.get();
-   return failures;
+   return check_result(argc, argv);
 }

 //
@@ -295,74 +282,99 @@ int main()
 template <typename T, bool isarray = false>
 struct call_traits_test
 {
-   static void assert_construct(boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val);
+   typedef ::boost::call_traits<T> ct;
+   typedef typename ct::param_type param_type;
+   typedef typename ct::reference reference;
+   typedef typename ct::const_reference const_reference;
+   typedef typename ct::value_type value_type;
+   static void assert_construct(param_type val);
 };

 template <typename T, bool isarray>
-void call_traits_test<T, isarray>::assert_construct(boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val)
+void call_traits_test<T, isarray>::assert_construct(typename call_traits_test<T, isarray>::param_type val)
 {
   //
   // this is to check that the call_traits assertions are valid:
   T t(val);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v4(p);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr4(cr);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr5(p);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p4(p);
+   value_type v(t);
+   reference r(t);
+   const_reference cr(t);
+   param_type p(t);
+   value_type v2(v);
+   value_type v3(r);
+   value_type v4(p);
+   reference r2(v);
+   reference r3(r);
+   const_reference cr2(v);
+   const_reference cr3(r);
+   const_reference cr4(cr);
+   const_reference cr5(p);
+   param_type p2(v);
+   param_type p3(r);
+   param_type p4(p);
 }
 #ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
 template <typename T>
 struct call_traits_test<T, true>
 {
-   static void assert_construct(boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val);
+   typedef ::boost::call_traits<T> ct;
+   typedef typename ct::param_type param_type;
+   typedef typename ct::reference reference;
+   typedef typename ct::const_reference const_reference;
+   typedef typename ct::value_type value_type;
+   static void assert_construct(param_type val);
 };

 template <typename T>
-void call_traits_test<T, true>::assert_construct(boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val)
+void call_traits_test<T, true>::assert_construct(typename boost::call_traits<T>::param_type val)
 {
   //
   // this is to check that the call_traits assertions are valid:
   T t;
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v5(val);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r = t;
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr = t;
-   boost::call_traits<T>::reference r2 = r;
+   value_type v(t);
+   value_type v5(val);
+   reference r = t;
+   const_reference cr = t;
+   reference r2 = r;
   #ifndef __BORLANDC__
   // C++ Builder buglet:
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr2 = r;
+   const_reference cr2 = r;
   #endif
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p(t);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::const_reference cr3 = cr;
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::value_type v4(p);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p2(v);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p3(r);
-   boost::call_traits<T>::param_type p4(p);
+   param_type p(t);
+   value_type v2(v);
+   const_reference cr3 = cr;
+   value_type v3(r);
+   value_type v4(p);
+   param_type p2(v);
+   param_type p3(r);
+   param_type p4(p);
 }
 #endif //BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-
 //
 // now check call_traits assertions by instantiating call_traits_test:
 template struct call_traits_test<int>;
 template struct call_traits_test<const int>;
 template struct call_traits_test<int*>;
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC6_MEMBER_TEMPLATES) || !defined(BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATES)
 template struct call_traits_test<int&>;
 template struct call_traits_test<const int&>;
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
 template struct call_traits_test<int[2], true>;
 #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+unsigned int expected_failures = 10;
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+unsigned int expected_failures = 11;
+#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+unsigned int expected_failures = 2;
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+unsigned int expected_failures = 4;
+#else
+unsigned int expected_failures = 0;
+#endif
+
+


--- a/cast_test.cpp
+++ b/cast_test.cpp
@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-//  boost utility cast test program  -----------------------------------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright boost.org 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
-//  and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright
-//  notice appears in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without
-//  express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-//  any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Revision History
-//   28 Jun 00  implicit_cast removed (Beman Dawes)
-//   30 Aug 99  value_cast replaced by numeric_cast
-//    3 Aug 99  Initial Version
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <climits>
-#include <limits>
-#include <boost/cast.hpp>
-
-#  if SCHAR_MAX == LONG_MAX
-#      error "This test program doesn't work if SCHAR_MAX == LONG_MAX"
-#  endif 
-
-using namespace boost;
-using std::cout;
-
-namespace
-{
-    struct Base
-    { 
-        virtual char kind() { return 'B'; }
-    };
-    
-    struct Base2
-    { 
-        virtual char kind2() { return '2'; }
-    };
-    
-    struct Derived : public Base, Base2
-    {
-        virtual char kind() { return 'D'; }
-    }; 
-}   
-
-
-int main( int argc, char * argv[] )
-{
-    cout << "Usage: test_casts [n], where n omitted or is:\n"
-            "  1 = execute #1 assert failure (#ifndef NDEBUG)\n"
-            "  2 = execute #2 assert failure (#ifndef NDEBUG)\n"
-            "Example: test_casts 2\n\n";
-
-#   ifdef NDEBUG
-        cout << "NDEBUG is defined\n";
-#   else
-        cout << "NDEBUG is not defined\n";
-#   endif
-
-    cout << "\nBeginning tests...\n";        
-
-//  test polymorphic_cast  ---------------------------------------------------//
-    
-    //  tests which should succeed
-    Base *    base = new Derived;
-    Base2 *   base2 = 0;
-    Derived * derived = 0;
-    derived = polymorphic_downcast<Derived*>( base );  // downcast
-    assert( derived->kind() == 'D' );
-
-    derived = 0;
-    derived = polymorphic_cast<Derived*>( base ); // downcast, throw on error
-    assert( derived->kind() == 'D' );
-
-    base2 = polymorphic_cast<Base2*>( base ); // crosscast
-    assert( base2->kind2() == '2' );
-
-     //  tests which should result in errors being detected
-    int err_count = 0;
-    base = new Base;
-
-    if ( argc > 1 && *argv[1] == '1' )
-        { derived = polymorphic_downcast<Derived*>( base ); } // #1 assert failure
-
-    bool caught_exception = false;
-    try { derived = polymorphic_cast<Derived*>( base ); }
-    catch (std::bad_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_cast\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-    //  the following is just so generated code can be inspected
-    if ( derived->kind() == 'B' ) ++err_count;
-
-//  test implicit_cast and numeric_cast  -------------------------------------//
-    
-    //  tests which should succeed
-    long small_value = 1;
-    long small_negative_value = -1;
-    long large_value = std::numeric_limits<long>::max();
-    long large_negative_value = std::numeric_limits<long>::min();
-    signed char c = 0;
-
-    c = large_value;  // see if compiler generates warning
-
-    c = numeric_cast<signed char>( small_value );
-    assert( c == 1 );
-    c = 0;
-    c = numeric_cast<signed char>( small_value );
-    assert( c == 1 );
-    c = 0;
-    c = numeric_cast<signed char>( small_negative_value );
-    assert( c == -1 );
-
-    //  tests which should result in errors being detected
-
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { c = numeric_cast<signed char>( large_value ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #1\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { c = numeric_cast<signed char>( large_negative_value ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #2\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    unsigned long ul;
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { ul = numeric_cast<unsigned long>( large_negative_value ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #3\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { ul = numeric_cast<unsigned long>( small_negative_value ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #4\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    caught_exception = false;
-    try { numeric_cast<int>( std::numeric_limits<double>::max() ); }
-    catch (bad_numeric_cast)
-        { cout<<"caught bad_numeric_cast #5\n"; caught_exception = true; }
-    if ( !caught_exception ) ++err_count;
-
-    cout << err_count << " errors detected\nTest "
-         << (err_count==0 ? "passed\n" : "failed\n");
-    return err_count;
-}   // main
--- a/checked_delete_test.cpp
+++ b/checked_delete_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+//  Boost checked_delete test program  ---------------------------------------//
+
+//  (C) Copyright Beman Dawes 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
+//  and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright
+//  notice appears in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without
+//  express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+//  any purpose.
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  21 May 01  Initial version (Beman Dawes)
+
+#include <boost/utility.hpp>  // for checked_delete
+
+//  This program demonstrates compiler errors when trying to delete an
+//  incomplete type.
+
+namespace
+{
+    class Incomplete;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    Incomplete * p;
+    boost::checked_delete(p);          // should cause compile time error
+    Incomplete ** pa;
+    boost::checked_array_delete(pa);   // should cause compile time error
+    return 0;
+}   // main
--- a/compressed_pair.htm
+++ b/compressed_pair.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
+content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<meta name="Template"
+content="C:\PROGRAM FILES\MICROSOFT OFFICE\OFFICE\html.dot">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage Express 2.0">
+<title>Header </title>
+<boost/compressed_pair.hpp>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF"
+vlink="#800080">
+
+<h2><img src="../../c++boost.gif" width="276" height="86">Header
+&lt;<a href="../../boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp">boost/compressed_pair.hpp</a>&gt;</h2>
+
+<p>All of the contents of &lt;boost/compressed_pair.hpp&gt; are
+defined inside namespace boost.</p>
+
+<p>The class compressed pair is very similar to std::pair, but if
+either of the template arguments are empty classes, then the
+&quot;empty member optimisation&quot; is applied to compress the
+size of the pair.</p>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T1, class T2&gt;
+class compressed_pair
+{
+public:
+	typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+	typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+	typedef typename call_traits&lt;first_type&gt;::param_type       first_param_type;
+	typedef typename call_traits&lt;second_type&gt;::param_type      second_param_type;
+	typedef typename call_traits&lt;first_type&gt;::reference        first_reference;
+	typedef typename call_traits&lt;second_type&gt;::reference       second_reference;
+	typedef typename call_traits&lt;first_type&gt;::const_reference  first_const_reference;
+	typedef typename call_traits&lt;second_type&gt;::const_reference second_const_reference;
+
+	         compressed_pair() : base() {}
+	         compressed_pair(first_param_type x, second_param_type y);
+	explicit compressed_pair(first_param_type x);
+	explicit compressed_pair(second_param_type y);
+
+	compressed_pair&amp; operator=(const compressed_pair&amp;);
+
+	first_reference       first();
+	first_const_reference first() const;
+
+	second_reference       second();
+	second_const_reference second() const;
+
+	void swap(compressed_pair&amp; y);
+};</pre>
+
+<p>The two members of the pair can be accessed using the member
+functions first() and second(). Note that not all member
+functions can be instantiated for all template parameter types.
+In particular compressed_pair can be instantiated for reference
+and array types, however in these cases the range of constructors
+that can be used are limited. If types T1 and T2 are the same
+type, then there is only one version of the single-argument
+constructor, and this constructor initialises both values in the
+pair to the passed value.</p>
+
+<p>Note that compressed_pair can not be instantiated if either of
+the template arguments is a union type, unless there is compiler
+support for boost::is_union, or if boost::is_union is specialised
+for the union type.</p>
+
+<p>Finally, a word of caution for Visual C++ 6 users: if either
+argument is an empty type, then assigning to that member will
+produce memory corruption, unless the empty type has a &quot;do
+nothing&quot; assignment operator defined. This is due to a bug
+in the way VC6 generates implicit assignment operators.</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<p>Revised 08 May 2001</p>
+
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright boost.org 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+sell and distribute this document is granted provided this
+copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided
+&quot;as is&quot; without express or implied warranty, and with
+no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.</p>
+
+<p>Based on contributions by Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard
+Hinnant and John Maddock.</p>
+
+<p>Maintained by <a href="mailto:John_Maddock@compuserve.com">John
+Maddock</a>, the latest version of this file can be found at <a
+href="http://www.boost.org">www.boost.org</a>, and the boost
+discussion list at <a
+href="http://www.yahoogroups.com/list/boost">www.yahoogroups.com/list/boost</a>.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/compressed_pair_test.cpp
+++ b/compressed_pair_test.cpp
@@ -1,51 +1,25 @@
-// boost::compressed_pair test program
+ // boost::compressed_pair test program   
+    
+ //  (C) Copyright John Maddock 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and   
+ //  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears   
+ //  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied   
+ //  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.   

-//  (C) Copyright John Maddock 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+// standalone test program for <boost/compressed_pair.hpp>
+// Revised 03 Oct 2000: 
+//    Enabled tests for VC6.

 #include <iostream>
 #include <typeinfo>
 #include <cassert>

 #include <boost/compressed_pair.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits/type_traits_test.hpp>
+#define BOOST_INCLUDE_MAIN
+#include <boost/test/test_tools.hpp>

 using namespace boost;

-#ifdef __BORLANDC__
-#pragma option -w-ccc -w-rch -w-eff -w-aus
-#endif
-
-//
-// define tests here
-unsigned failures = 0;
-unsigned test_count = 0;
-
-#define value_test(v, x) ++test_count;\
-                         if(v != x){++failures; std::cout << "checking value of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl;}
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(boost::is_same<v, x>::value == false){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << typeid(boost::is_same<v, x>).name() << "::value is false" << std::endl; }
-#else
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(typeid(v) != typeid(x)){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << "typeid(" #v ") != typeid(" #x ")" << std::endl; }
-#endif
-
-struct empty_POD_UDT{};
-struct empty_UDT
-{
-  ~empty_UDT(){};
-};
 namespace boost {
 #ifndef BOOST_NO_INCLASS_MEMBER_INITIALIZATION
 template <> struct is_empty<empty_UDT>
@@ -64,76 +38,363 @@ template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_UDT>
 #endif
 }

+struct non_empty1
+{ 
+   int i;
+   non_empty1() : i(1){}
+   non_empty1(int v) : i(v){}
+   friend bool operator==(const non_empty1& a, const non_empty1& b)
+   { return a.i == b.i; }
+};

-int main()
+struct non_empty2
+{ 
+   int i;
+   non_empty2() : i(3){}
+   non_empty2(int v) : i(v){}
+   friend bool operator==(const non_empty2& a, const non_empty2& b)
+   { return a.i == b.i; }
+};
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+using std::swap;
+#endif
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_tester
 {
-   compressed_pair<int, double> cp1(1, 1.3);
-   assert(cp1.first() == 1);
-   assert(cp1.second() == 1.3);
-   compressed_pair<int, double> cp1b(2, 2.3);
-   assert(cp1b.first() == 2);
-   assert(cp1b.second() == 2.3);
-   swap(cp1, cp1b);
-   assert(cp1b.first() == 1);
-   assert(cp1b.second() == 1.3);
-   assert(cp1.first() == 2);
-   assert(cp1.second() == 2.3);
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-   compressed_pair<empty_UDT, int> cp2(2);
-   assert(cp2.second() == 2);
-#endif
-   compressed_pair<int, empty_UDT> cp3(1);
-   assert(cp3.first() ==1);
-   compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_UDT> cp4;
-   compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_POD_UDT> cp5;
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-   int i = 0;
-   compressed_pair<int&, int&> cp6(i,i);
-   assert(cp6.first() == i);
-   assert(cp6.second() == i);
-   assert(&cp6.first() == &i);
-   assert(&cp6.second() == &i);
-   compressed_pair<int, double[2]> cp7;
-   cp7.first();
-   double* pd = cp7.second();
-#endif
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<empty_UDT, int>) < sizeof(std::pair<empty_UDT, int>)))
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<int, empty_UDT>) < sizeof(std::pair<int, empty_UDT>)))
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_UDT>) < sizeof(std::pair<empty_UDT, empty_UDT>)))
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_POD_UDT>) < sizeof(std::pair<empty_UDT, empty_POD_UDT>)))
-   value_test(true, (sizeof(compressed_pair<empty_UDT, compressed_pair<empty_POD_UDT, int> >) < sizeof(std::pair<empty_UDT, std::pair<empty_POD_UDT, int> >)))
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};

-   std::cout << std::endl << test_count << " tests completed (" << failures << " failures)... press any key to exit";
-   std::cin.get();
-   return failures;
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4)
+{
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+   // gcc 2.90 can't cope with function scope using
+   // declarations, and generates an internal compiler error...
+   using std::swap;
+#endif
+   // default construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp1;
+   // first param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp2(p1);
+   cp2.second() = p2;
+   BOOST_TEST(cp2.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp2.second() == p2);
+   // second param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp3(p2);
+   cp3.first() = p1;
+   BOOST_TEST(cp3.second() == p2);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp3.first() == p1);
+   // both param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp4(p1, p2);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.second() == p2);
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp5(p3, p4);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp5.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp5.second() == p4);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp4;
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.second() == p2);
+
+   // copy construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp6(cp4);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp6.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp6.second() == p2);
+   // assignment:
+   cp1 = cp4;
+   BOOST_TEST(cp1.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp1.second() == p2);
+   cp1 = cp5;
+   BOOST_TEST(cp1.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp1.second() == p4);
+   // swap:
+   cp4.swap(cp5);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.second() == p4);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp5.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp5.second() == p2);
+   swap(cp4,cp5);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.second() == p2);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp5.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp5.second() == p4);
 }

 //
-// instanciate some compressed pairs:
-template class boost::compressed_pair<int, double>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<int, int>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<empty_UDT, int>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<int, empty_UDT>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_UDT>;
-template class boost::compressed_pair<empty_UDT, empty_POD_UDT>;
+// tests for case where one or both 
+// parameters are reference types:
+//
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_reference_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};

-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-//
-// now some for which only a few specific members can be instantiated,
-// first references:
-template double& compressed_pair<double, int&>::first();
-template int& compressed_pair<double, int&>::second();
-template compressed_pair<double, int&>::compressed_pair(int&);
-template compressed_pair<double, int&>::compressed_pair(call_traits<double>::param_type,int&);
-//
-// and then arrays:
-#ifndef __BORLANDC__
-template call_traits<int[2]>::reference compressed_pair<double, int[2]>::second();
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_reference_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4)
+{
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+   // gcc 2.90 can't cope with function scope using
+   // declarations, and generates an internal compiler error...
+   using std::swap;
 #endif
-template call_traits<double>::reference compressed_pair<double, int[2]>::first();
-template compressed_pair<double, int[2]>::compressed_pair(const double&);
-template compressed_pair<double, int[2]>::compressed_pair();
-#endif // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+   // both param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp4(p1, p2);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.second() == p2);
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp5(p3, p4);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp5.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp5.second() == p4);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp4;
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.second() == p2);
+
+   // copy construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp6(cp4);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp6.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp6.second() == p2);
+   // assignment:
+   // VC6 bug:
+   // When second() is an empty class, VC6 performs the
+   // assignment by doing a memcpy - even though the empty
+   // class is really a zero sized base class, the result
+   // is that the memory of first() gets trampled over.
+   // Similar arguments apply to the case that first() is 
+   // an empty base class.
+   // Strangely the problem is dependent upon the compiler
+   // settings - some generate the problem others do not.
+   cp4.first() = p3;
+   cp4.second() = p4;
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.first() == p3);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp4.second() == p4);
+}
+//
+// supplimentary tests for case where first arg only is a reference type:
+//
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_reference1_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_reference1_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4)
+{
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+   // first param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp2(p1);
+   cp2.second() = p2;
+   BOOST_TEST(cp2.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp2.second() == p2);
+#endif
+}
+//
+// supplimentary tests for case where second arg only is a reference type:
+//
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_reference2_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_reference2_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4)
+{
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+   // second param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp3(p2);
+   cp3.first() = p1;
+   BOOST_TEST(cp3.second() == p2);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp3.first() == p1);
+#endif
+}
+
+//
+// tests for where one or the other parameter is an array:
+//
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_array1_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_array1_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4)
+{
+  // default construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp1;
+   // second param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp3(p2);
+   cp3.first()[0] = p1[0];
+   BOOST_TEST(cp3.second() == p2);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp3.first()[0] == p1[0]);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp3;
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.first()[0] == p1[0]);
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.second() == p2);
+
+   BOOST_TEST(sizeof(T1) == sizeof(cp1.first()));
+}
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_array2_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_array2_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4)
+{
+   // default construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp1;
+   // first param construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp2(p1);
+   cp2.second()[0] = p2[0];
+   BOOST_TEST(cp2.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp2.second()[0] == p2[0]);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp2;
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.first() == p1);
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.second()[0] == p2[0]);
+
+   BOOST_TEST(sizeof(T2) == sizeof(cp1.second()));
+}
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+struct compressed_pair_array_tester
+{
+   // define the types we need:
+   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
+   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
+   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
+   // define our test proc:
+   static void test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4);
+};
+
+template <class T1, class T2>
+void compressed_pair_array_tester<T1, T2>::test(first_param_type p1, second_param_type p2, first_param_type p3, second_param_type p4)
+{
+   // default construct:
+   boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2> cp1;
+   cp1.first()[0] = p1[0];
+   cp1.second()[0] = p2[0];
+   BOOST_TEST(cp1.first()[0] == p1[0]);
+   BOOST_TEST(cp1.second()[0] == p2[0]);
+   // check const members:
+   const boost::compressed_pair<T1,T2>& cpr1 = cp1;
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.first()[0] == p1[0]);
+   BOOST_TEST(cpr1.second()[0] == p2[0]);
+
+   BOOST_TEST(sizeof(T1) == sizeof(cp1.first()));
+   BOOST_TEST(sizeof(T2) == sizeof(cp1.second()));
+}
+
+int test_main(int argc, char *argv[ ])
+{
+   // declare some variables to pass to the tester:
+   non_empty1 ne1(2);
+   non_empty1 ne2(3);
+   non_empty2 ne3(4);
+   non_empty2 ne4(5);
+   empty_POD_UDT  e1;
+   empty_UDT      e2;
+
+   // T1 != T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<non_empty1,non_empty2>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   // T1 != T2, T2 empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<non_empty1,empty_POD_UDT>::test(ne1, e1, ne2, e1);
+   // T1 != T2, T1 empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<empty_POD_UDT,non_empty2>::test(e1, ne3, e1, ne4);
+   // T1 != T2, both empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<empty_POD_UDT,empty_UDT>::test(e1, e2, e1, e2);
+   // T1 == T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<non_empty1,non_empty1>::test(ne1, ne1, ne2, ne2);
+   // T1 == T2, both empty
+   compressed_pair_tester<empty_UDT,empty_UDT>::test(e2, e2, e2, e2);
+
+
+   // test references:
+
+   // T1 != T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<non_empty1&,non_empty2>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<non_empty1,non_empty2&>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_reference1_tester<non_empty1&,non_empty2>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_reference2_tester<non_empty1,non_empty2&>::test(ne1, ne3, ne2, ne4);
+   // T1 != T2, T2 empty
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<non_empty1&,empty_POD_UDT>::test(ne1, e1, ne2, e1);
+   compressed_pair_reference1_tester<non_empty1&,empty_POD_UDT>::test(ne1, e1, ne2, e1);
+   // T1 != T2, T1 empty
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<empty_POD_UDT,non_empty2&>::test(e1, ne3, e1, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_reference2_tester<empty_POD_UDT,non_empty2&>::test(e1, ne3, e1, ne4);
+   // T1 == T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_reference_tester<non_empty1&,non_empty1&>::test(ne1, ne1, ne2, ne2);
+
+   // tests arrays:
+   non_empty1 nea1[2];
+   non_empty1 nea2[2];
+   non_empty2 nea3[2];
+   non_empty2 nea4[2];
+   nea1[0] = non_empty1(5);
+   nea2[0] = non_empty1(6);
+   nea3[0] = non_empty2(7);
+   nea4[0] = non_empty2(8);
+   
+   // T1 != T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_array1_tester<non_empty1[2],non_empty2>::test(nea1, ne3, nea2, ne4);
+   compressed_pair_array2_tester<non_empty1,non_empty2[2]>::test(ne1, nea3, ne2, nea4);
+   compressed_pair_array_tester<non_empty1[2],non_empty2[2]>::test(nea1, nea3, nea2, nea4);
+   // T1 != T2, T2 empty
+   compressed_pair_array1_tester<non_empty1[2],empty_POD_UDT>::test(nea1, e1, nea2, e1);
+   // T1 != T2, T1 empty
+   compressed_pair_array2_tester<empty_POD_UDT,non_empty2[2]>::test(e1, nea3, e1, nea4);
+   // T1 == T2, both non-empty
+   compressed_pair_array_tester<non_empty1[2],non_empty1[2]>::test(nea1, nea1, nea2, nea2);
+   return 0;
+}
+
+
+unsigned int expected_failures = 0;
+



--- a/counting_iterator.htm
+++ b/counting_iterator.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,325 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+<title>Counting Iterator Adaptor Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+
+<img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+align="center" width="277" height="86">
+
+<h1>Counting Iterator Adaptor</h1>
+
+Defined in header
+<a href="../../boost/counting_iterator.hpp">boost/counting_iterator.hpp</a>
+
+<p>
+How would you fill up a vector with the numbers zero
+through one hundred using <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/copy.html"><tt>std::copy()</tt></a>? The
+only iterator operation missing from builtin integer types is an
+<tt>operator*()</tt> that returns the current
+value of the integer.  The counting iterator adaptor adds this crucial piece of
+functionality to whatever type it wraps. One can use the
+counting iterator adaptor not only with integer types, but with any
+type that is <tt>Incrementable</tt> (see type requirements <a href="#requirements">below</a>).  The
+following <b>pseudo-code</b> shows the general idea of how the
+counting iterator is implemented.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+  // inside a hypothetical counting_iterator class...
+  typedef Incrementable value_type;
+  value_type counting_iterator::operator*() const {
+    return this->base; // no dereference!
+  }
+</pre>
+
+All of the other operators of the counting iterator behave in the same
+fashion as the <tt>Incrementable</tt> base type.
+
+<h2>Synopsis</h2>
+
+<pre>
+namespace boost {
+  template &lt;class Incrementable&gt;
+  struct <a href="#counting_iterator_traits">counting_iterator_traits</a>;
+
+  template &lt;class Incrementable&gt;
+  struct <a href="#counting_iterator_generator">counting_iterator_generator</a>;
+
+  template &lt;class Incrementable&gt;
+  typename counting_iterator_generator&lt;Incrementable&gt;::type
+  <a href="#make_counting_iterator">make_counting_iterator</a>(Incrementable x);
+}
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+
+<h2><a name="counting_iterator_generator">The Counting Iterator Type
+Generator</a></h2>
+
+The class template <tt>counting_iterator_generator&lt;Incrementable&gt;</tt> is a <a href="../../more/generic_programming.html#type_generator">type generator</a> for counting iterators.
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class Incrementable&gt;
+class counting_iterator_generator
+{
+public:
+    typedef <a href="./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt;...&gt; type;
+};
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+In this example we use the counting iterator generator to create a
+counting iterator, and count from zero to four.
+
+<pre>
+#include &lt;boost/config.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/counting_iterator.hpp&gt;
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  // Example of using counting_iterator_generator
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; "counting from 0 to 4:" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  boost::counting_iterator_generator&lt;int&gt;::type first(0), last(4);
+  std::copy(first, last, std::ostream_iterator&lt;int&gt;(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+  // to be continued...
+</pre>
+The output from this part is:
+<pre>
+counting from 0 to 4:
+0 1 2 3 
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>Parameter</TH><TH>Description</TH>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>Incrementable</tt></TD>
+<TD>The type being wrapped by the adaptor.</TD>
+</TR>
+
+</Table>
+
+<h3>Model of</h3>
+
+If the <tt>Incrementable</tt> type has all of the functionality of a
+<a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+Access Iterator</a> except the <tt>operator*()</tt>, then the counting
+iterator will be a model of <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+Access Iterator</a>. If the <tt>Incrementable</tt> type has less
+functionality, then the counting iterator will have correspondingly
+less functionality.
+
+<h3><a name="requirements">Type Requirements</a></h3>
+
+The <tt>Incrementable</tt> type must be <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/DefaultConstructible.html">Default
+Constructible</a>, <a href="./CopyConstructible.html">Copy
+Constructible</a>, and <a href="./Assignable.html">Assignable</a>.
+Also, the <tt>Incrementable</tt> type must provide access to an
+associated <tt>difference_type</tt> and <tt>iterator_category</tt>
+through the <a
+href="#counting_iterator_traits"><tt>counting_iterator_traits</tt></a>
+class.
+
+<p>
+Furthermore, if you wish to create a counting iterator that is a <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ForwardIterator.html"> Forward
+Iterator</a>, then the following expressions must be valid:
+<pre>
+Incrementable i, j;
++i         // pre-increment
+i == j      // operator equal
+</pre>
+If you wish to create a counting iterator that is a <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/BidirectionalIterator.html">
+Bidirectional Iterator</a>, then pre-decrement is also required:
+<pre>
+--i
+</pre>
+If you wish to create a counting iterator that is a <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html"> Random
+Access Iterator</a>, then these additional expressions are also required:
+<pre>
+<a href="#counting_iterator_traits">counting_iterator_traits</a>&lt;Incrementable&gt;::difference_type n;
+i += n
+n = i - j
+i < j
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<h3>Members</h3>
+
+The counting iterator type implements the member functions and
+operators required of the <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+Access Iterator</a> concept. In addition it has the following
+constructor:
+
+<pre>
+counting_iterator_generator::type(const Incrementable&amp; i)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+
+
+<h2><a name="make_counting_iterator">The Counting Iterator Object Generator</a></h2>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class Incrementable&gt;
+typename counting_iterator_generator&lt;Incrementable&gt;::type
+make_counting_iterator(Incrementable base);
+</pre>
+
+An <a href="../../more/generic_programming.html#object_generator">object
+generator</a> function that provides a convenient way to create counting
+iterators.<p>
+
+
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+In this example we count from negative five to positive five, this
+time using the <tt>make_counting_iterator()</tt> function to save some
+typing.
+
+<pre>
+  // continuing from previous example...
+
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; "counting from -5 to 4:" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  std::copy(boost::make_counting_iterator(-5),
+	    boost::make_counting_iterator(5),
+	    std::ostream_iterator&lt;int&gt;(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+  // to be continued...
+</pre>
+The output from this part is:
+<pre>
+counting from -5 to 4:
+-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 
+</pre>
+
+In the next example we create an array of numbers, and then create a
+second array of pointers, where each pointer is the address of a
+number in the first array. The counting iterator makes it easy to do
+this since dereferencing a counting iterator that is wrapping an
+iterator over the array of numbers just returns a pointer to the
+current location in the array. We then use the <a
+href="./indirect_iterator.htm">indirect iterator adaptor</a> to print
+out the number in the array by accessing the numbers through the array
+of pointers.
+
+<pre>
+  // continuing from previous example...
+
+  const int N = 7;
+  std::vector&lt;int&gt; numbers;
+  // Fill "numbers" array with [0,N)
+  std::copy(boost::make_counting_iterator(0), boost::make_counting_iterator(N),
+	    std::back_inserter(numbers));
+
+  std::vector&lt;std::vector&lt;int&gt;::iterator&gt; pointers;
+
+  // Use counting iterator to fill in the array of pointers.
+  std::copy(boost::make_counting_iterator(numbers.begin()),
+	    boost::make_counting_iterator(numbers.end()),
+	    std::back_inserter(pointers));
+
+  // Use indirect iterator to print out numbers by accessing
+  // them through the array of pointers.
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; "indirectly printing out the numbers from 0 to " 
+	    &lt;&lt; N &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  std::copy(boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers.begin()),
+	    boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers.end()),
+	    std::ostream_iterator&lt;int&gt;(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+</pre>
+The output is:
+<pre>
+indirectly printing out the numbers from 0 to 7
+0 1 2 3 4 5 6 
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+
+<h2><a name="counting_iterator_traits">Counting Iterator Traits</a></h2>
+
+The counting iterator adaptor needs to determine the appropriate
+<tt>difference_type</tt> and <tt>iterator_category</tt> to use based on the
+<tt>Incrementable</tt> type supplied by the user.  The
+<tt>counting_iterator_traits</tt> class provides these types.  If the
+<tt>Incrementable</tt> type is an integral type or an iterator, these types
+will be correctly deduced by the <tt>counting_iterator_traits</tt> provided by
+the library. Otherwise, the user must specialize
+<tt>counting_iterator_traits</tt> for her type or add nested typedefs to
+her type to fulfill the needs of
+<a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/iterator_traits.html">
+<tt>std::iterator_traits</tt></a>.
+
+<p>The following pseudocode describes how the <tt>counting_iterator_traits</tt> are determined:
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class Incrementable&gt;
+struct counting_iterator_traits
+{
+  if (numeric_limits&lt;Incrementable&gt::is_specialized) {
+    if (!numeric_limits&lt;Incrementable&gt::is_integer)
+       COMPILE_TIME_ERROR;
+
+    if (!numeric_limits&lt;Incrementable&gt::is_bounded
+        &amp;&amp; numeric_limits&lt;Incrementable&gt;::is_signed) {
+        typedef Incrementable difference_type;
+    }
+    else if (numeric_limits&lt;Incrementable&gt::is_integral) {
+        typedef <i>next-larger-signed-type-or-intmax_t</i> difference_type;
+    }
+    typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;   
+  } else {
+    typedef std::iterator_traits&lt;Incrementable&gt;::difference_type difference_type;
+    typedef std::iterator_traits&lt;Incrementable&gt;::iterator_category iterator_category;
+  }
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p>The italicized sections above are implementation details, but it is important
+to know that the <tt>difference_type</tt> for integral types is selected so that
+it can always represent the difference between two values if such a built-in
+integer exists. On platforms with a working <tt>std::numeric_limits</tt>
+implementation, the <tt>difference_type</tt> for any variable-length signed
+integer type <tt>T</tt> is <tt>T</tt> itself.
+
+<hr>
+<p>Revised <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %b %Y" startspan -->08 Mar 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="14892" --></p>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use,
+modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &quot;as is&quot;
+without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+any purpose.</p>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
+<!--  LocalWords:  html charset alt gif hpp incrementable const namespace htm
+ -->
+<!--  LocalWords:  struct  typename iostream int Siek CopyConstructible pre
+ -->
+
--- a/counting_iterator_example.cpp
+++ b/counting_iterator_example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+// distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+// in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+// warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <vector>
+#include <boost/counting_iterator.hpp>
+#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  // Example of using counting_iterator_generator
+  std::cout << "counting from 0 to 4:" << std::endl;
+  boost::counting_iterator_generator<int>::type first(0), last(4);
+  std::copy(first, last, std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+  // Example of using make_counting_iterator()
+  std::cout << "counting from -5 to 4:" << std::endl;
+  std::copy(boost::make_counting_iterator(-5),
+	    boost::make_counting_iterator(5),
+	    std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+  // Example of using counting iterator to create an array of pointers.
+  const int N = 7;
+  std::vector<int> numbers;
+  // Fill "numbers" array with [0,N)
+  std::copy(boost::make_counting_iterator(0), boost::make_counting_iterator(N),
+	    std::back_inserter(numbers));
+
+  std::vector<std::vector<int>::iterator> pointers;
+
+  // Use counting iterator to fill in the array of pointers.
+  std::copy(boost::make_counting_iterator(numbers.begin()),
+	    boost::make_counting_iterator(numbers.end()),
+	    std::back_inserter(pointers));
+
+  // Use indirect iterator to print out numbers by accessing
+  // them through the array of pointers.
+  std::cout << "indirectly printing out the numbers from 0 to " 
+	    << N << std::endl;
+  std::copy(boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers.begin()),
+	    boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers.end()),
+	    std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/counting_iterator_test.cpp
+++ b/counting_iterator_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+// (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+// distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears in
+// all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+// warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+//
+//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+//
+// Revision History
+// 16 Feb 2001  Added a missing const. Made the tests run (somewhat) with
+//              plain MSVC again. (David Abrahams)
+// 11 Feb 2001  #if 0'd out use of counting_iterator on non-numeric types in
+//              MSVC without STLport, so that the other tests may proceed
+//              (David Abrahams)
+// 04 Feb 2001  Added use of iterator_tests.hpp (David Abrahams)
+// 28 Jan 2001  Removed not_an_iterator detritus (David Abrahams)
+// 24 Jan 2001  Initial revision (David Abrahams)
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
+# pragma warning(disable:4786) // identifier truncated in debug info
+#endif
+
+#include <boost/pending/iterator_tests.hpp>
+#include <boost/counting_iterator.hpp>
+#include <boost/detail/iterator.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <climits>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <boost/utility.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+#include <list>
+#include <cassert>
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
+# include <limits>
+#endif
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_SLIST
+# include <slist>
+#endif
+
+template <class T> struct is_numeric
+{
+    enum { value = 
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS
+        std::numeric_limits<T>::is_specialized
+#else
+        // Causes warnings with GCC, but how else can I detect numeric types at
+        // compile-time?
+        (boost::is_convertible<int,T>::value &&
+         boost::is_convertible<T,int>::value)
+#endif
+    };
+};
+
+// Special tests for RandomAccess CountingIterators.
+template <class CountingIterator>
+void category_test(
+    CountingIterator start,
+    CountingIterator finish,
+    std::random_access_iterator_tag)
+{
+    typedef typename
+        boost::detail::iterator_traits<CountingIterator>::difference_type
+        difference_type;
+    difference_type distance = boost::detail::distance(start, finish);
+
+    // Pick a random position internal to the range
+    difference_type offset = (unsigned)rand() % distance;
+    assert(offset >= 0);
+    CountingIterator internal = start;
+    std::advance(internal, offset);
+
+    // Try some binary searches on the range to show that it's ordered
+    assert(std::binary_search(start, finish, *internal));
+    CountingIterator x,y;
+    boost::tie(x,y) = std::equal_range(start, finish, *internal);
+    assert(boost::detail::distance(x, y) == 1);
+
+    // Show that values outside the range can't be found
+    assert(!std::binary_search(start, boost::prior(finish), *finish));
+
+    // Do the generic random_access_iterator_test
+    typedef typename CountingIterator::value_type value_type;
+    std::vector<value_type> v;
+    for (value_type z = *start; z != *finish; ++z)
+        v.push_back(z);
+    if (v.size() >= 2)
+    {
+        // Note that this test requires a that the first argument is
+        // dereferenceable /and/ a valid iterator prior to the first argument
+        boost::random_access_iterator_test(start + 1, v.size() - 1, v.begin() + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+// Special tests for bidirectional CountingIterators
+template <class CountingIterator>
+void category_test(CountingIterator start, CountingIterator finish, std::bidirectional_iterator_tag)
+{
+    if (finish != start
+        && finish != boost::next(start)
+        && finish != boost::next(boost::next(start)))
+    {
+        // Note that this test requires a that the first argument is
+        // dereferenceable /and/ a valid iterator prior to the first argument
+        boost::bidirectional_iterator_test(boost::next(start), boost::next(*start), boost::next(boost::next(*start)));
+    }
+}
+
+template <class CountingIterator>
+void category_test(CountingIterator start, CountingIterator finish, std::forward_iterator_tag)
+{
+    if (finish != start && finish != boost::next(start))
+        boost::forward_iterator_test(start, *start, boost::next(*start));
+}
+
+template <class CountingIterator>
+void test_aux(CountingIterator start, CountingIterator finish)
+{
+    typedef typename CountingIterator::iterator_category category;
+    typedef typename CountingIterator::value_type value_type;
+
+    // If it's a RandomAccessIterator we can do a few delicate tests
+    category_test(start, finish, category());
+    
+    // Okay, brute force...
+    for (CountingIterator p = start; p != finish && boost::next(p) != finish; ++p)
+    {
+        assert(boost::next(*p) == *boost::next(p));
+    }
+
+    // prove that a reference can be formed to these values
+    typedef typename CountingIterator::value_type value;
+    const value* q = &*start;
+    (void)q; // suppress unused variable warning
+}
+
+template <class Incrementable>
+void test(Incrementable start, Incrementable finish)
+{
+    test_aux(boost::make_counting_iterator(start), boost::make_counting_iterator(finish));
+}
+
+template <class Integer>
+void test_integer(Integer* = 0) // default arg works around MSVC bug
+{
+    Integer start = 0;
+    Integer finish = 120;
+    test(start, finish);
+}
+
+template <class Container>
+void test_container(Container* = 0)  // default arg works around MSVC bug
+{
+    Container c(1 + (unsigned)rand() % 1673);
+
+    const typename Container::iterator start = c.begin();
+    
+    // back off by 1 to leave room for dereferenceable value at the end
+    typename Container::iterator finish = start;
+    std::advance(finish, c.size() - 1);
+    
+    test(start, finish);
+
+    typedef typename Container::const_iterator const_iterator;
+    test(const_iterator(start), const_iterator(finish));
+}
+
+class my_int1 {
+public:
+  my_int1() { }
+  my_int1(int x) : m_int(x) { }
+  my_int1& operator++() { ++m_int; return *this; }
+  bool operator==(const my_int1& x) const { return m_int == x.m_int; }
+private:
+  int m_int;
+};
+
+namespace boost {
+  template <>
+  struct counting_iterator_traits<my_int1> {
+    typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+    typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+  };
+}
+
+class my_int2 {
+public:
+  typedef void value_type;
+  typedef void pointer;
+  typedef void reference;
+  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+  typedef std::bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+
+  my_int2() { }
+  my_int2(int x) : m_int(x) { }
+  my_int2& operator++() { ++m_int; return *this; }
+  my_int2& operator--() { --m_int; return *this; }
+  bool operator==(const my_int2& x) const { return m_int == x.m_int; }
+private:
+  int m_int;
+};
+
+class my_int3 {
+public:
+  typedef void value_type;
+  typedef void pointer;
+  typedef void reference;
+  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+  typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+
+  my_int3() { }
+  my_int3(int x) : m_int(x) { }
+  my_int3& operator++() { ++m_int; return *this; }
+  my_int3& operator+=(std::ptrdiff_t n) { m_int += n; return *this; }
+  std::ptrdiff_t operator-(const my_int3& x) const { return m_int - x.m_int; }
+  my_int3& operator--() { --m_int; return *this; }
+  bool operator==(const my_int3& x) const { return m_int == x.m_int; }
+  bool operator!=(const my_int3& x) const { return m_int != x.m_int; }
+  bool operator<(const my_int3& x) const { return m_int < x.m_int; }
+private:
+  int m_int;
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+    // Test the built-in integer types.
+    test_integer<char>();
+    test_integer<unsigned char>();
+    test_integer<signed char>();
+    test_integer<wchar_t>();
+    test_integer<short>();
+    test_integer<unsigned short>();
+    test_integer<int>();
+    test_integer<unsigned int>();
+    test_integer<long>();
+    test_integer<unsigned long>();
+#if defined(ULLONG_MAX) || defined(ULONG_LONG_MAX)
+    test_integer<long long>();
+    test_integer<unsigned long long>();
+#endif
+
+   // wrapping an iterator or non-built-in integer type causes an INTERNAL
+   // COMPILER ERROR in MSVC without STLport. I'm clueless as to why.
+#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || defined(__SGI_STL_PORT)
+    // Test user-defined type.
+    test_integer<my_int1>();
+    test_integer<my_int2>();
+    test_integer<my_int3>();
+    
+   // Some tests on container iterators, to prove we handle a few different categories
+    test_container<std::vector<int> >();
+    test_container<std::list<int> >();
+# ifndef BOOST_NO_SLIST
+    test_container<BOOST_STD_EXTENSION_NAMESPACE::slist<int> >();
+# endif
+    
+    // Also prove that we can handle raw pointers.
+    int array[2000];
+    test(boost::make_counting_iterator(array), boost::make_counting_iterator(array+2000-1));
+#endif
+    std::cout << "test successful " << std::endl;
+    return 0;
+}
--- a/filter_iterator.htm
+++ b/filter_iterator.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+<title>Filter Iterator Adaptor Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+
+<img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+align="center" width="277" height="86">
+
+<h1>Filter Iterator Adaptor</h1>
+
+Defined in header
+<a href="../../boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp">boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp</a>
+
+
+<p>
+The filter iterator adaptor creates a view of an iterator range in
+which some elements of the range are skipped over. A <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Predicate.html">Predicate</a>
+function object controls which elements are skipped. When the
+predicate is applied to an element, if it returns <tt>true</tt> then
+the element is retained and if it returns <tt>false</tt> then the
+element is skipped over.
+
+
+<h2>Synopsis</h2>
+
+<pre>
+namespace boost {
+  template &lt;class Predicate, class BaseIterator, ...&gt;
+  class filter_iterator_generator;
+
+  template &lt;class Predicate, class BaseIterator&gt;
+  typename filter_iterator_generator&lt;Predicate, BaseIterator&gt;::type
+  make_filter_iterator(BaseIterator first, BaseIterator last, const Predicate& p = Predicate());
+}
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+
+<h2><a name="filter_iterator_generator">The Filter Iterator Type
+Generator</a></h2>
+
+The class <tt>filter_iterator_generator</tt> is a helper class whose
+purpose is to construct a filter iterator type.  The template
+parameters for this class are the <tt>Predicate</tt> function object
+type and the <tt>BaseIterator</tt> type that is being wrapped.  In
+most cases the associated types for the wrapped iterator can be
+deduced from <tt>std::iterator_traits</tt>, but in some situations the
+user may want to override these types, so there are also template
+parameters for each of the iterator's associated types.
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class Predicate, class BaseIterator,
+          class Value, class Reference, class Pointer, class Category, class Distance>
+class filter_iterator_generator
+{
+public:
+  typedef <tt><a href="./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt...&gt;</tt> type; // the resulting filter iterator type 
+}
+</pre>
+
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+The following example uses filter iterator to print out all the
+positive integers in an array. 
+
+<pre>
+struct is_positive_number {
+  bool operator()(int x) { return 0 &lt; x; }
+};
+int main() {
+  int numbers[] = { 0, -1, 4, -3, 5, 8, -2 };
+  const int N = sizeof(numbers)/sizeof(int);
+
+  typedef boost::filter_iterator_generator&lt;is_positive_number, int*, int&gt;::type FilterIter;
+  is_positive_number predicate;
+  FilterIter::policies_type policies(predicate, numbers + N);
+  FilterIter filter_iter_first(numbers, policies);
+  FilterIter filter_iter_last(numbers + N, policies);
+
+  std::copy(filter_iter_first, filter_iter_last, std::ostream_iterator&lt;int&gt;(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}
+</pre>
+The output is:
+<pre>
+4 5 8
+</pre>
+
+
+<h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>Parameter</TH><TH>Description</TH>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Predicate.html"><tt>Predicate</tt></a></TD>
+<TD>The function object that determines which elements are retained and which elements are skipped.
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>BaseIterator</tt></TD>
+<TD>The iterator type being wrapped. This type must at least be a model
+ of the <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator">InputIterator</a> concept.</TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>Value</tt></TD>
+<TD>The <tt>value_type</tt> of the resulting iterator,
+unless const. If const, a conforming compiler strips constness for the
+<tt>value_type</tt>. Typically the default for this parameter is the
+appropriate type<a href="#1">[1]</a>.<br> <b>Default:</b>
+<tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::value_type</TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>Reference</tt></TD>
+<TD>The <tt>reference</tt> type of the resulting iterator, and in
+particular, the result type of <tt>operator*()</tt>. Typically the default for
+this parameter is the appropriate type.<br> <b>Default:</b> If
+<tt>Value</tt> is supplied, <tt>Value&amp;</tt> is used. Otherwise
+<tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::reference</tt> is
+used.</TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>Pointer</tt></TD>
+<TD>The <tt>pointer</tt> type of the resulting iterator, and in
+ particular, the result type of <tt>operator->()</tt>. 
+ Typically the default for
+this parameter is the appropriate type.<br>
+<b>Default:</b> If <tt>Value</tt> was supplied, then <tt>Value*</tt>,
+otherwise <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::pointer</tt>.</TD>
+</TR>
+
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>Category</tt></TD>
+<TD>The <tt>iterator_category</tt> type for the resulting iterator.
+Typically the
+default for this parameter is the appropriate type. If you override
+this parameter, do not use <tt>bidirectional_iterator_tag</tt>
+because filter iterators can not go in reverse.<br>
+<b>Default:</b> <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::iterator_category</tt></TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>Distance</tt></TD>
+<TD>The <tt>difference_type</tt> for the resulting iterator. Typically the default for
+this parameter is the appropriate type.<br>
+<b>Default:</b> <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::difference_type</TD>
+</TR>
+
+</table>
+
+
+<h3>Model of</h3>
+
+The filter iterator adaptor (the type
+<tt>filter_iterator_generator<...>::type</tt>) may be a model of <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">InputIterator</a> or <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ForwardIterator.html">ForwardIterator</a>
+depending on the adapted iterator type.
+
+
+<h3>Members</h3>
+
+The filter iterator type implements all of the member functions and
+operators required of the <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ForwardIterator.html">ForwardIterator</a>
+concept.  In addition it has the following constructor:
+
+<pre>filter_iterator_generator::type(const BaseIterator& it, const Policies& p = Policies())</pre>
+
+<p>
+The policies type has only one public function, which is its constructor:
+
+<pre>filter_iterator_generator::policies_type(const Predicate& p, const BaseIterator& end)</pre>
+
+<p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+
+<h2><a name="make_filter_iterator">The Make Filter Iterator Function</a></h2>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class Predicate, class BaseIterator&gt;
+typename detail::filter_generator&lt;Predicate, BaseIterator&gt;::type
+make_filter_iterator(BaseIterator first, BaseIterator last, const Predicate& p = Predicate())
+</pre>
+
+This function provides a convenient way to create filter iterators.
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+In this example we print out all numbers in the array that are
+greater than negative two.
+
+<pre>
+int main()
+{
+  int numbers[] = { 0, -1, 4, -3, 5, 8, -2 };
+  const int N = sizeof(numbers)/sizeof(int);
+
+  std::copy(boost::make_filter_iterator(numbers, numbers + N, 
+					std::bind2nd(std::greater<int>(), -2)),
+	    boost::make_filter_iterator(numbers + N, numbers + N, 
+					std::bind2nd(std::greater<int>(), -2)),
+	    std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+}
+</pre>
+The output is:
+<pre>
+0 -1 4 5 8 
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+In the next example we print the positive numbers using the
+<tt>make_filter_iterator()</tt> function.
+
+<pre>
+struct is_positive_number {
+  bool operator()(int x) { return 0 &lt; x; }
+};
+int main()
+{
+  int numbers[] = { 0, -1, 4, -3, 5, 8, -2 };
+  const int N = sizeof(numbers)/sizeof(int);
+
+  std::copy(boost::make_filter_iterator&lt;is_positive_number&gt;(numbers, numbers + N),
+	    boost::make_filter_iterator&lt;is_positive_number&gt;(numbers + N, numbers + N),
+	    std::ostream_iterator&lt;int&gt;(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}
+</pre>
+The output is:
+<pre>
+4 5 8
+</pre>
+
+
+<h3>Notes</h3>
+
+<a name="1">[1]</a> If the compiler does not support partial
+specialization and the wrapped iterator type is a builtin pointer then
+the <tt>Value</tt> type must be explicitly specified (don't use the
+default).
+
+
+<hr>
+<p>Revised <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %b %Y" startspan -->09 Mar 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="14894" --></p>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use,
+modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &quot;as is&quot;
+without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+any purpose.</p>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
--- a/filter_iterator_example.cpp
+++ b/filter_iterator_example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Example of using the filter iterator adaptor from
+// boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp.
+
+//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+//  to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+
+struct is_positive_number {
+  bool operator()(int x) { return 0 < x; }
+};
+
+int main()
+{
+  int numbers[] = { 0, -1, 4, -3, 5, 8, -2 };
+  const int N = sizeof(numbers)/sizeof(int);
+
+  // Example using make_filter_iterator()
+  std::copy(boost::make_filter_iterator<is_positive_number>(numbers, numbers + N),
+	    boost::make_filter_iterator<is_positive_number>(numbers + N, numbers + N),
+	    std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+  // Example using filter_iterator_generator
+  typedef boost::filter_iterator_generator<is_positive_number, int*, int>::type
+    FilterIter;
+  is_positive_number predicate;
+  FilterIter::policies_type policies(predicate, numbers + N);
+  FilterIter filter_iter_first(numbers, policies);
+  FilterIter filter_iter_last(numbers + N, policies);
+
+  std::copy(filter_iter_first, filter_iter_last, std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+  // Another example using make_filter_iterator()
+  std::copy(boost::make_filter_iterator(numbers, numbers + N, 
+					std::bind2nd(std::greater<int>(), -2)),
+	    boost::make_filter_iterator(numbers + N, numbers + N, 
+					std::bind2nd(std::greater<int>(), -2)),
+	    std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  
+  
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/fun_out_iter_example.cpp
+++ b/fun_out_iter_example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+// sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// Revision History:
+
+// 27 Feb 2001   Jeremy Siek
+//      Initial checkin.
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <boost/function_output_iterator.hpp>
+
+struct string_appender {
+  string_appender(std::string& s) : m_str(s) { }
+  void operator()(const std::string& x) const {
+    m_str += x;
+  }
+  std::string& m_str;
+};
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  std::vector<std::string> x;
+  x.push_back("hello");
+  x.push_back(" ");
+  x.push_back("world");
+  x.push_back("!");
+
+  std::string s = "";
+  std::copy(x.begin(), x.end(), 
+	    boost::make_function_output_iterator(string_appender(s)));
+  
+  std::cout << s << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/function_output_iterator.htm
+++ b/function_output_iterator.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+    <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+    <meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+
+    <title>Function Output Iterator Adaptor Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+        
+    <img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align=
+    "center" width="277" height="86"> 
+
+    <h1>Function Output Iterator Adaptor</h1>
+    Defined in header <a href=
+    "../../boost/function_output_iterator.hpp">boost/function_output_iterator.hpp</a> 
+
+    <p>The function output iterator adaptor makes it easier to create
+    custom output iterators. The adaptor takes a <a
+    href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/UnaryFunction.html">Unary
+    Function</a> and creates a model of <a
+    href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/OutputIterator.html">Output
+    Iterator</a>. Each item assigned to the output iterator is passed
+    as an argument to the unary function.  The motivation for this
+    iterator is that creating a C++ Standard conforming output
+    iterator is non-trivial, particularly because the proper
+    implementation usually requires a proxy object. On the other hand,
+    creating a function (or function object) is much simpler.
+
+    <h2>Synopsis</h2>
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+namespace boost {
+  template &lt;class UnaryFunction&gt;
+  class function_output_iterator;
+
+  template &lt;class UnaryFunction&gt;
+  function_output_iterator&lt;UnaryFunction&gt;
+  make_function_output_iterator(const UnaryFunction&amp; f = UnaryFunction())
+}
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h3>Example</h3>
+    
+    In this example we create an output iterator that appends
+    each item onto the end of a string, using the <tt>string_appender</tt>
+    function. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;string&gt;
+#include &lt;vector&gt;
+
+#include &lt;boost/function_output_iterator.hpp&gt;
+
+struct string_appender {
+  string_appender(std::string&amp; s) : m_str(s) { }
+  void operator()(const std::string&amp; x) const {
+    m_str += x;
+  }
+  std::string&amp; m_str;
+};
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  std::vector&lt;std::string&gt; x;
+  x.push_back("hello");
+  x.push_back(" ");
+  x.push_back("world");
+  x.push_back("!");
+
+  std::string s = "";
+  std::copy(x.begin(), x.end(), 
+            boost::make_function_output_iterator(string_appender(s)));
+  
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; s &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="function_output_iterator">The Function Output Iterator Class</a></h2>
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+template &lt;class UnaryFunction&gt;
+class function_output_iterator;
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    The <tt>function_output_iterator</tt> class creates an <a
+    href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/OutputIterator.html">Output
+    Iterator</a> out of a
+    <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/UnaryFunction.html">Unary
+    Function</a>. Each item assigned to the output iterator is passed
+    as an argument to the unary function.
+
+    <h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+    <table border>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Parameter
+
+        <th>Description
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>UnaryFunction</tt> 
+
+        <td>The function type being wrapped. The return type of the
+        function is not used, so it can be <tt>void</tt>.  The
+        function must be a model of <a
+        href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/UnaryFunction.html">Unary
+        Function</a>.</td>
+    </table>
+
+    <h3>Concept Model</h3>
+    The function output iterator class is a model of <a
+    href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/OutputIterator.html">Output
+    Iterator</a>.
+
+    <h2>Members</h3>
+    The function output iterator implements the member functions
+    and operators required of the <a
+    href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/OutputIterator.html">Output
+    Iterator</a> concept. In addition it has the following constructor:
+<pre>
+explicit function_output_iterator(const UnaryFunction& f = UnaryFunction())
+</pre>
+   <br>    
+    <br>
+
+    <hr>
+    <h2><a name="make_function_output_iterator">The Function Output Iterator Object
+    Generator</a></h2>
+
+    The <tt>make_function_output_iterator()</tt> function provides a
+    more convenient way to create function output iterator objects. The
+    function saves the user the trouble of explicitly writing out the
+    iterator types. If the default argument is used, the function
+    type must be provided as an explicit template argument.
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+template &lt;class UnaryFunction&gt;
+function_output_iterator&lt;UnaryFunction&gt;
+make_function_output_iterator(const UnaryFunction&amp; f = UnaryFunction())
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <hr>
+
+    <p>&copy; Copyright Jeremy Siek 2001. Permission to copy, use,
+    modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this
+    copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided
+    "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+    to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/half_open_range_test.cpp
+++ b/half_open_range_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+// (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+// distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears in
+// all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+// warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+//
+//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+//
+// Revision History
+// 11 Feb 2001  Compile with Borland, re-enable failing tests (David Abrahams)
+// 29 Jan 2001  Initial revision (David Abrahams)
+
+#include <boost/half_open_range.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility.hpp>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <list>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
+# include <limits>
+#endif
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_SLIST
+# include <slist>
+#endif
+
+inline unsigned unsigned_random(unsigned max)
+{
+    return (max > 0) ? (unsigned)rand() % max : 0;
+}
+
+// Special tests for ranges supporting random access
+template <class T>
+void category_test_1(
+    const boost::half_open_range<T>& r, std::random_access_iterator_tag)
+{
+    typedef boost::half_open_range<T> range;
+    typedef typename range::size_type size_type;
+    size_type size = r.size();
+
+    // pick a random offset
+    size_type offset = unsigned_random(size);
+
+    typename range::value_type x = *(r.begin() + offset);
+    // test contains(value_type)
+    assert(r.contains(r.start()) == !r.empty());
+    assert(!r.contains(r.finish()));
+    assert(r.contains(x) == (offset != size));
+
+    range::const_iterator p = r.find(x);
+    assert((p == r.end()) == (x == r.finish()));
+    assert(r.find(r.finish()) == r.end());
+
+    if (offset != size)
+    {
+        assert(x == r[offset]);
+        assert(x == r.at(offset));
+    }
+
+    bool caught_out_of_range = false;
+    try {
+        bool never_initialized = x == r.at(size);
+        (void)never_initialized;
+    }
+    catch(std::out_of_range&)
+    {
+        caught_out_of_range = true;
+    }
+    catch(...)
+    {
+    }
+    assert(caught_out_of_range);
+}
+
+// Those tests must be skipped for other ranges
+template <class T>
+void category_test_1(
+    const boost::half_open_range<T>&, std::forward_iterator_tag)
+{
+}
+
+unsigned indices[][2] = { {0,0},{0,1},{0,2},{0,3},
+                                {1,1},{1,2},{1,3},
+                                      {2,2},{2,3},
+                                            {3,3}};
+
+template <class Range>
+void category_test_2(
+    const std::vector<Range>& ranges, unsigned i, unsigned j, std::random_access_iterator_tag)
+{
+    typedef Range range;
+    const range& ri = ranges[i];
+    const range& rj = ranges[j];
+
+    if (indices[i][0] <= indices[j][0] && indices[i][1] >= indices[j][1])
+        assert(ri.contains(rj));
+
+    if (ri.contains(rj))
+        assert((ri & rj) == rj);
+    assert(boost::intersects(ri, rj) == !(ri & rj).empty());
+
+    range t1(ri);
+    t1 &= rj;
+    assert(t1 == range(indices[i][0] > indices[j][0] ? ri.start() : rj.start(),
+                       indices[i][1] < indices[j][1] ? ri.finish() : rj.finish()));
+    assert(t1 == (ri & rj));
+    
+    range t2(ri);
+    t2 |= rj;
+    
+    if (ri.empty())
+        assert(t2 == rj);
+    else if (rj.empty())
+        assert(t2 == ri);
+    else
+        assert(t2 == range(indices[i][0] < indices[j][0] ? ri.start() : rj.start(),
+                           indices[i][1] > indices[j][1] ? ri.finish() : rj.finish()));
+    assert(t2 == (ri | rj));
+    if (i == j)
+        assert(ri == rj);
+    
+    if (ri.empty() || rj.empty())
+        assert((ri == rj) == (ri.empty() && rj.empty()));
+    else
+        assert((ri == rj) == (ri.start() == rj.start() && ri.finish() == rj.finish()));
+
+    assert((ri == rj) == !(ri != rj));
+
+    bool same = ri == rj;
+    bool one_empty = ri.empty() != rj.empty();
+
+    std::less<range> less;
+    std::less_equal<range> less_equal;
+    std::greater<range> greater;
+    std::greater_equal<range> greater_equal;
+    
+    if (same)
+    {
+        assert(greater_equal(ri,rj));
+        assert(less_equal(ri,rj));
+        assert(!greater(ri,rj));
+        assert(!less(ri,rj));
+    }
+    else if (one_empty)
+    {
+        const range& empty = ri.empty() ? ri : rj;
+        const range& non_empty = rj.empty() ? ri : rj;
+        
+        assert(less(empty,non_empty));
+        assert(less_equal(empty,non_empty));
+        assert(!greater(empty,non_empty));
+        assert(!greater_equal(empty,non_empty));
+        assert(!less(non_empty,empty));
+        assert(!less_equal(non_empty,empty));
+        assert(greater(non_empty,empty));
+        assert(greater_equal(non_empty,empty));
+    }
+    else {
+        if (indices[i][0] < indices[j][0] ||
+            indices[i][0] == indices[j][0] && indices[i][1] < indices[j][1])
+        {
+            assert(!greater_equal(ri,rj));
+            assert(less(ri,rj));
+        }
+
+        if (indices[i][0] < indices[j][0] ||
+            indices[i][0] == indices[j][0] && indices[i][1] <= indices[j][1])
+        {
+            assert(!greater(ri,rj));
+            assert(less_equal(ri,rj));
+        }
+
+        if (indices[i][0] > indices[j][0] ||
+            indices[i][0] == indices[j][0] && indices[i][1] > indices[j][1])
+        {
+            assert(!less_equal(ri,rj));
+            assert(greater(ri,rj));
+        }
+
+        if (indices[i][0] > indices[j][0] ||
+            indices[i][0] == indices[j][0] && indices[i][1] >= indices[j][1])
+        {
+            assert(!less(ri,rj));
+            assert(greater_equal(ri,rj));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+template <class Range>
+void category_test_2(
+    const std::vector<Range>&, unsigned, unsigned, std::forward_iterator_tag)
+{
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void category_test_2(
+    const std::vector<boost::half_open_range<T> >&, unsigned, unsigned, std::bidirectional_iterator_tag)
+{
+}
+
+template <class Range>
+void test_back(Range& x, std::bidirectional_iterator_tag)
+{
+    assert(x.back() == boost::prior(x.finish()));
+}
+
+template <class Range>
+void test_back(Range& x, std::forward_iterator_tag)
+{
+}
+
+template <class T>
+boost::half_open_range<T> range_identity(const boost::half_open_range<T>& x)
+{
+    return x;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+void test(T x0, T x1, T x2, T x3)
+{
+    std::vector<boost::half_open_range<T> > ranges;
+    typedef boost::half_open_range<T> range;
+
+    T bounds[4] = { x0, x1, x2, x3 };
+
+    const std::size_t num_ranges = sizeof(indices)/sizeof(*indices);
+    // test construction
+    for (std::size_t n = 0; n < num_ranges;++n)
+    {
+        T start = bounds[indices[n][0]];
+        T finish = bounds[indices[n][1]];
+        boost::half_open_range<T> r(start, finish);
+        ranges.push_back(r);
+    }
+    
+    // test implicit conversion from std::pair<T,T>
+    range converted = std::pair<T,T>(x0,x0);
+    (void)converted;
+
+    // test assignment, equality and inequality
+    range r00 = range(x0, x0);
+    assert(r00 == range(x0,x0));
+    assert(r00 == range(x1,x1)); // empty ranges are all equal
+    if (x3 != x0)
+        assert(r00 != range(x0, x3));
+    r00 = range(x0, x3);
+    assert(r00 == range(x0, x3));
+    if (x3 != x0)
+        assert(r00 != range(x0, x0));
+
+    typedef typename range::iterator iterator;
+    typedef typename iterator::iterator_category category;
+    
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < num_ranges; ++i)
+    {
+        const range& r = ranges[i];
+            
+        // test begin(), end(), basic iteration.
+        unsigned count = 0;
+        for (range::const_iterator p = r.begin(), finish = r.end();
+             p != finish;
+             ++p, ++count)
+        {
+            assert(count < 2100);
+        }
+
+        // test size(), empty(), front(), back()
+        assert((unsigned)r.size() == count);
+        if (indices[i][0] == indices[i][1])
+            assert(r.empty());
+        if (r.empty())
+            assert(r.size() == 0);
+        if (!r.empty())
+        {
+            assert(r.front() == r.start());
+            test_back(r, category());
+        }
+
+            // test swap
+        range r1(r);
+        range r2(x0,x3);
+        const bool same = r1 == r2;
+        r1.swap(r2);
+        assert(r1 == range(x0,x3));
+        assert(r2 == r);
+        if (!same) {
+            assert(r1 != r);
+            assert(r2 != range(x0,x3));
+        }
+
+        // do individual tests for random-access iterators
+        category_test_1(r, category());
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned j = 0; j < num_ranges; ++j) {
+        for (unsigned k = 0; k < num_ranges; ++k) {
+            category_test_2(ranges, j, k, category());
+        }
+    }
+    
+}
+
+template <class Integer>
+void test_integer(Integer* = 0) // default arg works around MSVC bug
+{
+    Integer a = 0;
+    Integer b = a + unsigned_random(128 - a);
+    Integer c = b + unsigned_random(128 - b);
+    Integer d = c + unsigned_random(128 - c);
+
+    test(a, b, c, d);
+}
+
+template <class Container>
+void test_container(Container* = 0)  // default arg works around MSVC bug
+{
+    Container c(unsigned_random(1673));
+
+    const typename Container::size_type offset1 = unsigned_random(c.size());
+    const typename Container::size_type offset2 = unsigned_random(c.size() - offset1);
+    typename Container::iterator internal1 = c.begin();
+    std::advance(internal1, offset1);
+    typename Container::iterator internal2 = internal1;
+    std::advance(internal2, offset2);
+    
+    test(c.begin(), internal1, internal2, c.end());
+
+    typedef typename Container::const_iterator const_iterator;
+    test(const_iterator(c.begin()),
+         const_iterator(internal1),
+         const_iterator(internal2),
+         const_iterator(c.end()));
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    // Test the built-in integer types.
+    test_integer<char>();
+    test_integer<unsigned char>();
+    test_integer<signed char>();
+    test_integer<wchar_t>();
+    test_integer<short>();
+    test_integer<unsigned short>();
+    test_integer<int>();
+    test_integer<unsigned int>();
+    test_integer<long>();
+    test_integer<unsigned long>();
+#if defined(ULLONG_MAX) || defined(ULONG_LONG_MAX)
+    test_integer<long long>();
+    test_integer<unsigned long long>();
+#endif
+    // Some tests on container iterators, to prove we handle a few different categories
+    test_container<std::vector<int> >();
+    test_container<std::list<int> >();
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_SLIST
+    test_container<BOOST_STD_EXTENSION_NAMESPACE::slist<int> >();
+#endif
+    // Also prove that we can handle raw pointers.
+    int array[2000];
+    const std::size_t a = 0;
+    const std::size_t b = a + unsigned_random(2000 - a);
+    const std::size_t c = b + unsigned_random(2000 - b);
+    test(array, array+b, array+c, array+2000);
+    return 0;
+}
--- a/include/boost/call_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/call_traits.hpp
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Boost.org 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-//  See boost/detail/call_traits.hpp and boost/detail/ob_call_traits.hpp
-//  for full copyright notices.
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#define BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#include <boost/detail/ob_call_traits.hpp>
-#else
-#include <boost/detail/call_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#endif // BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
--- a/include/boost/compressed_pair.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/compressed_pair.hpp
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Boost.org 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-//  See boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp and boost/detail/ob_compressed_pair.hpp
-//  for full copyright notices.
-
-#ifndef BOOST_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-#define BOOST_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#include <boost/detail/ob_compressed_pair.hpp>
-#else
-#include <boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#endif // BOOST_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
--- a/include/boost/detail/call_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/detail/call_traits.hpp
@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-/* Release notes:
-   23rd July 2000:
-      Fixed array specialization. (JM)
-      Added Borland specific fixes for reference types
-      (issue raised by Steve Cleary).
-*/
-
-#ifndef BOOST_DETAIL_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#define BOOST_DETAIL_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef BOOST_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost{
-
-namespace detail{
-
-template <typename T, bool isp, bool b1, bool b2>
-struct ct_imp
-{
-   typedef const T& param_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T, bool isp>
-struct ct_imp<T, isp, true, true>
-{
-   typedef T const param_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T, bool b1, bool b2>
-struct ct_imp<T, true, b1, b2>
-{
-   typedef T const param_type;
-};
-
-}
-
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits
-{
-public:
-   typedef T value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   //
-   // C++ Builder workaround: we should be able to define a compile time
-   // constant and pass that as a single template parameter to ct_imp<T,bool>,
-   // however compiler bugs prevent this - instead pass three bool's to
-   // ct_imp<T,bool,bool,bool> and add an extra partial specialisation
-   // of ct_imp to handle the logic. (JM)
-   typedef typename detail::ct_imp<T, ::boost::is_pointer<typename remove_const<T>::type>::value, ::boost::is_arithmetic<typename remove_const<T>::type>::value, sizeof(T) <= sizeof(void*)>::param_type param_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits<T&>
-{
-   typedef T& value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
-};
-
-#if defined(__BORLANDC__) && (__BORLANDC__ <= 0x550)
-// these are illegal specialisations; cv-qualifies applied to
-// references have no effect according to [8.3.2p1],
-// C++ Builder requires them though as it treats cv-qualified
-// references as distinct types...
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits<T&const>
-{
-   typedef T& value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
-};
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits<T&volatile>
-{
-   typedef T& value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
-};
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits<T&const volatile>
-{
-   typedef T& value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef T& param_type;  // hh removed const
-};
-#endif
-
-template <typename T, std::size_t N>
-struct call_traits<T [N]>
-{
-private:
-   typedef T array_type[N];
-public:
-   // degrades array to pointer:
-   typedef const T* value_type;
-   typedef array_type& reference;
-   typedef const array_type& const_reference;
-   typedef const T* const param_type;
-};
-
-template <typename T, std::size_t N>
-struct call_traits<const T [N]>
-{
-private:
-   typedef const T array_type[N];
-public:
-   // degrades array to pointer:
-   typedef const T* value_type;
-   typedef array_type& reference;
-   typedef const array_type& const_reference;
-   typedef const T* const param_type;
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif // BOOST_DETAIL_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
--- a/include/boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/detail/compressed_pair.hpp
@@ -1,420 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//
-// JM changes 25 Jan 2000:
-// Removed default arguments from compressed_pair_switch to get
-// C++ Builder 4 to accept them
-// rewriten swap to get gcc and C++ builder to compile.
-// added partial specialisations for case T1 == T2 to avoid duplicate constructor defs.
-
-#ifndef BOOST_DETAIL_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-#define BOOST_DETAIL_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#ifndef BOOST_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-#ifndef BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost
-{
-
-// compressed_pair
-
-namespace details
-{
-   // JM altered 26 Jan 2000:
-   template <class T1, class T2, bool IsSame, bool FirstEmpty, bool SecondEmpty>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch;
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, false, false, false>
-      {static const int value = 0;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, false, true, true>
-      {static const int value = 3;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, false, true, false>
-      {static const int value = 1;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, false, false, true>
-      {static const int value = 2;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, true, true, true>
-      {static const int value = 4;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   struct compressed_pair_switch<T1, T2, true, false, false>
-      {static const int value = 5;};
-
-   template <class T1, class T2, int Version> class compressed_pair_imp;
-
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-   // workaround for GCC (JM):
-   using std::swap;
-#endif
-   //
-   // can't call unqualified swap from within classname::swap
-   // as Koenig lookup rules will find only the classname::swap
-   // member function not the global declaration, so use cp_swap
-   // as a forwarding function (JM):
-   template <typename T>
-   inline void cp_swap(T& t1, T& t2)
-   {
-      using std::swap;
-      swap(t1, t2);
-   }
-
-   // 0    derive from neither
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 0>
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {} 
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : first_(x), second_(y) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(second_param_type y)
-         : second_(y) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return first_;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return first_;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return second_;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return second_;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp& y)
-      {
-         cp_swap(first_, y.first_);
-         cp_swap(second_, y.second_);
-      }
-   private:
-      first_type first_;
-      second_type second_;
-   };
-
-   // 1    derive from T1
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 1>
-      : private T1
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : first_type(x), second_(y) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_type(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(second_param_type y)
-         : second_(y) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return *this;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return *this;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return second_;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return second_;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp& y)
-      {
-         // no need to swap empty base class:
-         cp_swap(second_, y.second_);
-      }
-   private:
-      second_type second_;
-   };
-
-   // 2    derive from T2
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 2>
-      : private T2
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : second_type(y), first_(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(second_param_type y)
-         : second_type(y) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return first_;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return first_;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return *this;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return *this;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp& y)
-      {
-         // no need to swap empty base class:
-         cp_swap(first_, y.first_);
-      }
-
-   private:
-      first_type first_;
-   };
-
-   // 3    derive from T1 and T2
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 3>
-      : private T1,
-        private T2
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : first_type(x), second_type(y) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_type(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(second_param_type y)
-         : second_type(y) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return *this;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return *this;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return *this;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return *this;}
-      //
-      // no need to swap empty bases:
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp&) {}
-   };
-
-   // JM
-   // 4    T1 == T2, T1 and T2 both empty
-   //      Note does not actually store an instance of T2 at all -
-   //      but reuses T1 base class for both first() and second().
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 4>
-      : private T1
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type)
-         : first_type(x) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_type(x) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return *this;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return *this;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return *this;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return *this;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp&) {}
-   private:
-   };
-
-   // 5    T1 == T2 and are not empty:   //JM
-
-   template <class T1, class T2>
-   class compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 5>
-   {
-   public:
-      typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-      typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-      typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-      compressed_pair_imp() {}
-
-      compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x, second_param_type y)
-         : first_(x), second_(y) {}
-
-      explicit compressed_pair_imp(first_param_type x)
-         : first_(x), second_(x) {}
-
-      first_reference       first()       {return first_;}
-      first_const_reference first() const {return first_;}
-
-      second_reference       second()       {return second_;}
-      second_const_reference second() const {return second_;}
-
-      void swap(compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2, 5>& y)
-      {
-         cp_swap(first_, y.first_);
-         cp_swap(second_, y.second_);
-      }
-   private:
-      first_type first_;
-      second_type second_;
-   };
-
-}  // details
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-class compressed_pair
-   : private ::boost::details::compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2,
-             ::boost::details::compressed_pair_switch<
-                    T1,
-                    T2,
-                    ::boost::is_same<typename remove_cv<T1>::type, typename remove_cv<T2>::type>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T1>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T2>::value>::value>
-{
-private:
-   typedef details::compressed_pair_imp<T1, T2,
-             ::boost::details::compressed_pair_switch<
-                    T1,
-                    T2,
-                    ::boost::is_same<typename remove_cv<T1>::type, typename remove_cv<T2>::type>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T1>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T2>::value>::value> base;
-public:
-   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-            compressed_pair() : base() {}
-            compressed_pair(first_param_type x, second_param_type y) : base(x, y) {}
-   explicit compressed_pair(first_param_type x) : base(x) {}
-   explicit compressed_pair(second_param_type y) : base(y) {}
-
-   first_reference       first()       {return base::first();}
-   first_const_reference first() const {return base::first();}
-
-   second_reference       second()       {return base::second();}
-   second_const_reference second() const {return base::second();}
-
-   void swap(compressed_pair& y) { base::swap(y); }
-};
-
-// JM
-// Partial specialisation for case where T1 == T2:
-//
-template <class T>
-class compressed_pair<T, T>
-   : private details::compressed_pair_imp<T, T,
-             ::boost::details::compressed_pair_switch<
-                    T,
-                    T,
-                    ::boost::is_same<typename remove_cv<T>::type, typename remove_cv<T>::type>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T>::value>::value>
-{
-private:
-   typedef details::compressed_pair_imp<T, T,
-             ::boost::details::compressed_pair_switch<
-                    T,
-                    T,
-                    ::boost::is_same<typename remove_cv<T>::type, typename remove_cv<T>::type>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T>::value,
-                    ::boost::is_empty<T>::value>::value> base;
-public:
-   typedef T                                                  first_type;
-   typedef T                                                  second_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-            compressed_pair() : base() {}
-            compressed_pair(first_param_type x, second_param_type y) : base(x, y) {}
-   explicit compressed_pair(first_param_type x) : base(x) {}
-
-   first_reference       first()       {return base::first();}
-   first_const_reference first() const {return base::first();}
-
-   second_reference       second()       {return base::second();}
-   second_const_reference second() const {return base::second();}
-
-   void swap(compressed_pair& y) { base::swap(y); }
-};
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-inline
-void
-swap(compressed_pair<T1, T2>& x, compressed_pair<T1, T2>& y)
-{
-   x.swap(y);
-}
-
-} // boost
-
-#endif // BOOST_DETAIL_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-
-
--- a/include/boost/detail/ob_call_traits.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/detail/ob_call_traits.hpp
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-//
-//  Crippled version for crippled compilers:
-//
-#ifndef BOOST_OB_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#define BOOST_OB_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-
-#ifndef BOOST_CONFIG_HPP
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#endif
-
-#ifndef BOOST_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost{
-
-template <typename T>
-struct call_traits
-{
-   typedef T value_type;
-   typedef T& reference;
-   typedef const T& const_reference;
-   typedef const T& param_type;
-};
-
-}
-
-#endif // BOOST_OB_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
--- a/include/boost/detail/ob_compressed_pair.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/detail/ob_compressed_pair.hpp
@@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-//
-/* Release notes:
-   23rd July 2000:
-      Additional comments added. (JM)
-   Jan 2000:
-      Original version: this version crippled for use with crippled compilers
-      - John Maddock Jan 2000.
-*/
-
-
-#ifndef BOOST_OB_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-#define BOOST_OB_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#ifndef BOOST_TYPE_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-#ifndef BOOST_CALL_TRAITS_HPP
-#include <boost/call_traits.hpp>
-#endif
-
-namespace boost
-{
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-class compressed_pair
-{
-private:
-   T1 _first;
-   T2 _second;
-public:
-   typedef T1                                                 first_type;
-   typedef T2                                                 second_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::param_type       first_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::param_type      second_param_type;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::reference        first_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::reference       second_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<first_type>::const_reference  first_const_reference;
-   typedef typename call_traits<second_type>::const_reference second_const_reference;
-
-            compressed_pair() : _first(), _second() {}
-            compressed_pair(first_param_type x, second_param_type y) : _first(x), _second(y) {}
-   explicit compressed_pair(first_param_type x) : _first(x), _second() {}
-   // can't define this in case T1 == T2:
-   // explicit compressed_pair(second_param_type y) : _first(), _second(y) {}
-
-   first_reference       first()       { return _first; }
-   first_const_reference first() const { return _first; }
-
-   second_reference       second()       { return _second; }
-   second_const_reference second() const { return _second; }
-
-   void swap(compressed_pair& y)
-   {
-      using std::swap;
-      swap(_first, y._first);
-      swap(_second, y._second);
-   }
-};
-
-template <class T1, class T2>
-inline void swap(compressed_pair<T1, T2>& x, compressed_pair<T1, T2>& y)
-{
-   x.swap(y);
-}
-
-} // boost
-
-#endif // BOOST_OB_COMPRESSED_PAIR_HPP
-
--- a/include/boost/operators.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/operators.hpp
@@ -1,559 +0,0 @@
-//  Boost operators.hpp header file  ----------------------------------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 1999. Permission to copy, use,
-//  modify, sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-//  to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
-//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
-//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
-//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
-//  to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Revision History
-//  04 Jul 00 Fixed NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE bugs, major cleanup and
-//            refactoring of compiler workarounds, additional documentation
-//            (Alexy Gurtovoy and Mark Rodgers with some help and prompting from
-//            Dave Abrahams) 
-//  28 Jun 00 General cleanup and integration of bugfixes from Mark Rodgers and
-//            Jeremy Siek (Dave Abrahams)
-//  20 Jun 00 Changes to accommodate Borland C++Builder 4 and Borland C++ 5.5
-//            (Mark Rodgers)
-//  20 Jun 00 Minor fixes to the prior revision (Aleksey Gurtovoy)
-//  10 Jun 00 Support for the base class chaining technique was added
-//            (Aleksey Gurtovoy). See documentation and the comments below 
-//            for the details. 
-//  12 Dec 99 Initial version with iterator operators (Jeremy Siek)
-//  18 Nov 99 Change name "divideable" to "dividable", remove unnecessary
-//            specializations of dividable, subtractable, modable (Ed Brey) 
-//  17 Nov 99 Add comments (Beman Dawes)
-//            Remove unnecessary specialization of operators<> (Ed Brey)
-//  15 Nov 99 Fix less_than_comparable<T,U> second operand type for first two
-//            operators.(Beman Dawes)
-//  12 Nov 99 Add operators templates (Ed Brey)
-//  11 Nov 99 Add single template parameter version for compilers without
-//            partial specialization (Beman Dawes)
-//  10 Nov 99 Initial version
-
-// 10 Jun 00:
-// An additional optional template parameter was added to most of 
-// operator templates to support the base class chaining technique (see 
-// documentation for the details). Unfortunately, a straightforward
-// implementation of this change would have broken compatibility with the
-// previous version of the library by making it impossible to use the same
-// template name (e.g. 'addable') for both the 1- and 2-argument versions of
-// an operator template. This implementation solves the backward-compatibility
-// issue at the cost of some simplicity.
-//
-// One of the complications is an existence of special auxiliary class template
-// 'is_chained_base<>' (see 'detail' namespace below), which is used
-// to determine whether its template parameter is a library's operator template
-// or not. You have to specialize 'is_chained_base<>' for each new 
-// operator template you add to the library.
-//
-// However, most of the non-trivial implementation details are hidden behind 
-// several local macros defined below, and as soon as you understand them,
-// you understand the whole library implementation. 
-
-#ifndef BOOST_OPERATORS_HPP
-#define BOOST_OPERATORS_HPP
-
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#include <boost/iterator.hpp>
-
-#if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__)
-#pragma set woff 1234
-#endif
-
-namespace boost {
-namespace detail {
-
-class empty_base {};
-
-} // namespace detail
-} // namespace boost
-
-// In this section we supply the xxxx1 and xxxx2 forms of the operator
-// templates, which are explicitly targeted at the 1-type-argument and
-// 2-type-argument operator forms, respectively. Some compilers get confused
-// when inline friend functions are overloaded in namespaces other than the
-// global namespace. When BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE is defined, all of
-// these templates must go in the global namespace.
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-namespace boost
-{
-#endif
-
-//  Basic operator classes (contributed by Dave Abrahams) ------------------//
-
-//  Note that friend functions defined in a class are implicitly inline.
-//  See the C++ std, 11.4 [class.friend] paragraph 5
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct less_than_comparable2 : B
-{
-     friend bool operator<=(const T& x, const U& y) { return !(x > y); }
-     friend bool operator>=(const T& x, const U& y) { return !(x < y); }
-     friend bool operator>(const U& x, const T& y)  { return y < x; }
-     friend bool operator<(const U& x, const T& y)  { return y > x; }
-     friend bool operator<=(const U& x, const T& y) { return !(y < x); }
-     friend bool operator>=(const U& x, const T& y) { return !(y > x); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct less_than_comparable1 : B
-{
-     friend bool operator>(const T& x, const T& y)  { return y < x; }
-     friend bool operator<=(const T& x, const T& y) { return !(y < x); }
-     friend bool operator>=(const T& x, const T& y) { return !(x < y); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct equality_comparable2 : B
-{
-     friend bool operator==(const U& y, const T& x) { return x == y; }
-     friend bool operator!=(const U& y, const T& x) { return !(x == y); }
-     friend bool operator!=(const T& y, const U& x) { return !(y == x); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct equality_comparable1 : B
-{
-     friend bool operator!=(const T& x, const T& y) { return !(x == y); }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct multipliable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator*(T x, const U& y) { return x *= y; }
-     friend T operator*(const U& y, T x) { return x *= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct multipliable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator*(T x, const T& y) { return x *= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct addable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator+(T x, const U& y) { return x += y; }
-     friend T operator+(const U& y, T x) { return x += y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct addable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator+(T x, const T& y) { return x += y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct subtractable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator-(T x, const U& y) { return x -= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct subtractable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator-(T x, const T& y) { return x -= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct dividable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator/(T x, const U& y) { return x /= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct dividable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator/(T x, const T& y) { return x /= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct modable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator%(T x, const U& y) { return x %= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct modable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator%(T x, const T& y) { return x %= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct xorable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator^(T x, const U& y) { return x ^= y; }
-     friend T operator^(const U& y, T x) { return x ^= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct xorable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator^(T x, const T& y) { return x ^= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct andable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator&(T x, const U& y) { return x &= y; }
-     friend T operator&(const U& y, T x) { return x &= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct andable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator&(T x, const T& y) { return x &= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct orable2 : B
-{
-     friend T operator|(T x, const U& y) { return x |= y; }
-     friend T operator|(const U& y, T x) { return x |= y; }
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct orable1 : B
-{
-     friend T operator|(T x, const T& y) { return x |= y; }
-};
-
-//  incrementable and decrementable contributed by Jeremy Siek
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct incrementable : B
-{
-  friend T operator++(T& x, int)
-  {
-    incrementable_type tmp(x);
-    ++x;
-    return tmp;
-  }
-private: // The use of this typedef works around a Borland bug
-  typedef T incrementable_type;
-};
-
-template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct decrementable : B
-{
-  friend T operator--(T& x, int)
-  {
-    decrementable_type tmp(x);
-    --x;
-    return tmp;
-  }
-private: // The use of this typedef works around a Borland bug
-  typedef T decrementable_type;
-};
-
-//  Iterator operator classes (contributed by Jeremy Siek) ------------------//
-
-template <class T, class P, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct dereferenceable : B
-{
-  P operator->() const
-  { 
-    return &*static_cast<const T&>(*this); 
-  }
-};
-
-template <class T, class I, class R, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-struct indexable : B
-{
-  R operator[](I n) const
-  {
-    return *(static_cast<const T&>(*this) + n);
-  }
-};
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-} // namespace boost
-#endif // BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-
-
-// BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1/BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2 -
-//
-// When BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE is defined we need a way to import an
-// operator template into the boost namespace. BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1 is used
-// for one-argument forms of operator templates; BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2 for
-// two-argument forms. Note that these macros expect to be invoked from within
-// boost.
-
-#if defined(BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE)
-
-#  if defined(BOOST_NO_USING_TEMPLATE)
-
-     // Because a Borland C++ 5.5 bug prevents a using declaration from working,
-     // we are forced to use inheritance for that compiler.
-#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name)                              \
-     template <class T, class U, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>        \
-     struct template_name : ::template_name<T, U, B> {};
-
-#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name)                              \
-     template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>                 \
-     struct template_name : ::template_name<T, B> {};
-
-#  else
-
-     // Otherwise, bring the names in with a using-declaration to avoid
-     // stressing the compiler
-#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name) using ::template_name;
-#    define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name) using ::template_name;
-
-#  endif // BOOST_NO_USING_TEMPLATE
-
-#else // !BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-
-  // The template is already in boost so we have nothing to do.
-# define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name)
-# define BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name)
-
-#endif // BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-
-//
-// Here's where we put it all together, defining the xxxx forms of the templates
-// in namespace boost. We also define specializations of is_chained_base<> for
-// the xxxx, xxxx1, and xxxx2 templates, importing them into boost:: as
-// neccessary.
-//
-#if !defined(BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION)
-
-// is_chained_base<> - a traits class used to distinguish whether an operator
-// template argument is being used for base class chaining, or is specifying a
-// 2nd argument type.
-
-namespace boost {
-// A type parameter is used instead of a plain bool because Borland's compiler
-// didn't cope well with the more obvious non-type template parameter.
-namespace detail {
-  struct true_t {};
-  struct false_t {};
-} // namespace detail
-
-// Unspecialized version assumes that most types are not being used for base
-// class chaining. We specialize for the operator templates defined in this
-// library.
-template<class T> struct is_chained_base {
-  typedef ::boost::detail::false_t value;
-};
-
-} // namespace boost
-
-// Import a 2-type-argument operator template into boost (if neccessary) and
-// provide a specialization of 'is_chained_base<>' for it.
-# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(template_name2)                  \
-  BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name2)                           \
-  template<class T, class U, class B>                              \
-  struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name2<T, U, B> > {     \
-    typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                         \
-  };
-
-// Import a 1-type-argument operator template into boost (if neccessary) and
-// provide a specialization of 'is_chained_base<>' for it.
-# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(template_name1)                  \
-  BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name1)                           \
-  template<class T, class B>                                       \
-  struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name1<T, B> > {        \
-    typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                         \
-  };
-
-// BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(template_name) defines template_name<> such that it
-// can be used for specifying both 1-argument and 2-argument forms. Requires the
-// existence of two previously defined class templates named '<template_name>1'
-// and '<template_name>2' which must implement the corresponding 1- and 2-
-// argument forms.
-//
-// The template type parameter O == is_chained_base<U>::value is used to
-// distinguish whether the 2nd argument to <template_name> is being used for
-// base class chaining from another boost operator template or is describing a
-// 2nd operand type. O == true_t only when U is actually an another operator
-// template from the library. Partial specialization is used to select an
-// implementation in terms of either '<template_name>1' or '<template_name>2'.
-//
-
-# define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(template_name)                    \
-template <class T                                                  \
-         ,class U = T                                              \
-         ,class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base                    \
-         ,class O = typename is_chained_base<U>::value             \
-         >                                                         \
-struct template_name : template_name##2<T, U, B> {};               \
-                                                                   \
-template<class T, class U, class B>                                \
-struct template_name<T, U, B, ::boost::detail::true_t>             \
-  : template_name##1<T, U> {};                                     \
-                                                                   \
-template <class T, class B>                                        \
-struct template_name<T, T, B, ::boost::detail::false_t>            \
-  : template_name##1<T, B> {};                                     \
-                                                                   \
-template<class T, class U, class B, class O>                       \
-struct is_chained_base< ::boost::template_name<T, U, B, O> > {     \
-  typedef ::boost::detail::true_t value;                           \
-};                                                                 \
-                                                                   \
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(template_name##2)                         \
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(template_name##1)
-
-
-#else // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-
-#  define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(template_name2) \
-        BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2(template_name2)
-#  define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(template_name1) \
-        BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1(template_name1)
-
-   // In this case we can only assume that template_name<> is equivalent to the
-   // more commonly needed template_name1<> form.
-#  define BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(template_name)                   \
-   template <class T, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>       \
-   struct template_name : template_name##1<T, B> {};
-
-#endif // BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-
-namespace boost {
-    
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(less_than_comparable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(equality_comparable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(multipliable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(addable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(subtractable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(dividable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(modable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(xorable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(andable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE(orable)
-
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(incrementable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1(decrementable)
-BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2(dereferenceable)
-
-// indexable doesn't follow the patterns above (it has 4 template arguments), so
-// we just write out the compiler hacks explicitly.
-#ifdef BOOST_NO_OPERATORS_IN_NAMESPACE
-# ifdef BOOST_NO_USING_TEMPLATE
-   template <class T, class I, class R, class B = ::boost::detail::empty_base>
-   struct indexable : ::indexable<T,I,R,B> {};
-# else
-   using ::indexable;
-# endif
-#endif
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-template <class T, class I, class R, class B>
-struct is_chained_base< ::boost::indexable<T, I, R, B> > {
-  typedef ::boost::detail::true_t operator_template_type;
-};
-#endif
-
-#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE
-#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE2
-#undef BOOST_OPERATOR_TEMPLATE1
-#undef BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE1
-#undef BOOST_IMPORT_TEMPLATE2
-
-// The following 'operators' classes can only be used portably if the derived class
-// declares ALL of the required member operators.
-template <class T, class U>
-struct operators2
-    : less_than_comparable2<T,U
-    , equality_comparable2<T,U
-    , addable2<T,U
-    , subtractable2<T,U
-    , multipliable2<T,U
-    , dividable2<T,U
-    , modable2<T,U
-    , orable2<T,U
-    , andable2<T,U
-    , xorable2<T,U
-      > > > > > > > > > > {};
-
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-template <class T, class U = T>
-struct operators : operators2<T, U> {};
-
-template <class T> struct operators<T, T>
-#else
-template <class T> struct operators
-#endif
-    : less_than_comparable<T
-    , equality_comparable<T
-    , addable<T
-    , subtractable<T
-    , multipliable<T
-    , dividable<T
-    , modable<T
-    , orable<T
-    , andable<T
-    , xorable<T
-    , incrementable<T
-    , decrementable<T
-      > > > > > > > > > > > > {};
-
-//  Iterator helper classes (contributed by Jeremy Siek) -------------------//
-template <class T,
-          class V,
-          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
-          class P = V*,
-          class R = V&>
-struct forward_iterator_helper
-  : equality_comparable<T
-  , incrementable<T
-  , dereferenceable<T,P
-  , boost::iterator<std::forward_iterator_tag, V, D
-    > > > > {};
-
-template <class T,
-          class V,
-          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
-          class P = V*,
-          class R = V&>
-struct bidirectional_iterator_helper
-  : equality_comparable<T
-  , incrementable<T
-  , decrementable<T
-  , dereferenceable<T,P
-  , boost::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag, V, D
-    > > > > > {};
-
-template <class T,
-          class V, 
-          class D = std::ptrdiff_t,
-          class P = V*,
-          class R = V&>
-struct random_access_iterator_helper
-  : equality_comparable<T
-  , less_than_comparable<T
-  , incrementable<T
-  , decrementable<T
-  , dereferenceable<T,P
-  , addable2<T,D
-  , subtractable2<T,D
-  , indexable<T,D,R
-  , boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, V, D
-    > > > > > > > > >
-{
-#ifndef __BORLANDC__
-  friend D requires_difference_operator(const T& x, const T& y) {
-    return x - y;
-  }
-#endif
-}; // random_access_iterator_helper
-
-} // namespace boost
-
-#if defined(__sgi) && !defined(__GNUC__)
-#pragma reset woff 1234
-#endif
-
-#endif // BOOST_OPERATORS_HPP
--- a/include/boost/utility.hpp
+++ b/include/boost/utility.hpp
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-//  boost utility.hpp header file  -------------------------------------------//
-
-//  (C) Copyright boost.org 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
-//  and distribute this software is granted provided this copyright
-//  notice appears in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without
-//  express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
-//  any purpose.
-
-//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
-
-//  Classes appear in alphabetical order
-
-//  Revision History
-//  26 Jan 00  protected noncopyable destructor added (Miki Jovanovic)
-//  10 Dec 99  next() and prior() templates added (Dave Abrahams)
-//  30 Aug 99  moved cast templates to cast.hpp (Beman Dawes)
-//   3 Aug 99  cast templates added
-//  20 Jul 99  name changed to utility.hpp 
-//   9 Jun 99  protected noncopyable default ctor
-//   2 Jun 99  Initial Version. Class noncopyable only contents (Dave Abrahams)
-
-#ifndef BOOST_UTILITY_HPP
-#define BOOST_UTILITY_HPP
-
-#include <boost/config.hpp>
-#include <cstddef>            // for size_t
-
-namespace boost
-{
-
-//  next() and prior() template functions  -----------------------------------//
-
-    //  Helper functions for classes like bidirectional iterators not supporting
-    //  operator+ and operator-.
-    //
-    //  Usage:
-    //    const std::list<T>::iterator p = get_some_iterator();
-    //    const std::list<T>::iterator prev = boost::prior(p);
-
-    //  Contributed by Dave Abrahams
-
-    template <class T>
-    T next(T x) { return ++x; }
-
-    template <class T>
-    T prior(T x) { return --x; }
-
-
-//  class noncopyable  -------------------------------------------------------//
-
-    //  Private copy constructor and copy assignment ensure classes derived from
-    //  class noncopyable cannot be copied.
-
-    //  Contributed by Dave Abrahams
-
-    class noncopyable
-    {
-    protected:
-        noncopyable(){}
-        ~noncopyable(){}
-    private:  // emphasize the following members are private
-        noncopyable( const noncopyable& );
-        const noncopyable& operator=( const noncopyable& );
-    }; // noncopyable
-
-} // namespace boost
-
-#endif  // BOOST_UTILITY_HPP
-
--- a/indirect_iterator.htm
+++ b/indirect_iterator.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+    <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+    <meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+
+    <title>Indirect Iterator Adaptor Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+	
+    <img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align=
+    "center" width="277" height="86"> 
+
+    <h1>Indirect Iterator Adaptor</h1>
+    Defined in header <a href=
+    "../../boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp">boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp</a> 
+
+    <p>The indirect iterator adaptor augments an iterator by applying an
+    <b>extra</b> dereference inside of <tt>operator*()</tt>. For example, this
+    iterator makes it possible to view a container of pointers or
+    smart-pointers (e.g. <tt>std::list&lt;boost::shared_ptr&lt;foo&gt;
+    &gt;</tt>) as if it were a container of the pointed-to type. The following
+    <b>pseudo-code</b> shows the basic idea of the indirect iterator:
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+// inside a hypothetical indirect_iterator class...
+typedef std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::value_type Pointer;
+typedef std::iterator_traits&lt;Pointer&gt;::reference reference;
+
+reference indirect_iterator::operator*() const {
+  return **this-&gt;base_iterator;
+}
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h2>Synopsis</h2>
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+namespace boost {
+  template &lt;class BaseIterator,
+            class Value, class Reference, class Category, class Pointer&gt;
+  struct indirect_iterator_generator;
+  
+  template &lt;class BaseIterator,
+            class Value, class Reference, class ConstReference, 
+            class Category, class Pointer, class ConstPointer&gt;
+  struct indirect_iterator_pair_generator;
+
+  template &lt;class BaseIterator&gt;
+  typename indirect_iterator_generator&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::type
+  make_indirect_iterator(BaseIterator base)  
+}
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="indirect_iterator_generator">The Indirect Iterator Type
+    Generator</a></h2>
+    The <tt>indirect_iterator_generator</tt> template is a <a href=
+    "../../more/generic_programming.html#type_generator">generator</a> of
+    indirect iterator types. The main template parameter for this class is the
+    <tt>BaseIterator</tt> type that is being wrapped. In most cases the type of
+    the elements being pointed to can be deduced using
+    <tt>std::iterator_traits</tt>, but in some situations the user may want to
+    override this type, so there are also template parameters that allow a user
+    to control the <tt>value_type</tt>, <tt>pointer</tt>, and
+    <tt>reference</tt> types of the resulting iterators. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+template &lt;class BaseIterator,
+          class Value, class Reference, class Pointer&gt;
+class indirect_iterator_generator
+{
+public:
+  typedef <tt><a href=
+"./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt;...&gt;</tt> type; // the resulting indirect iterator type 
+};
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h3>Example</h3>
+    This example uses the <tt>indirect_iterator_generator</tt> to create
+    indirect iterators which dereference the pointers stored in the
+    <tt>pointers_to_chars</tt> array to access the <tt>char</tt>s in the
+    <tt>characters</tt> array. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+#include &lt;boost/config.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;vector&gt;
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;iterator&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp&gt;
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  char characters[] = "abcdefg";
+  const int N = sizeof(characters)/sizeof(char) - 1; // -1 since characters has a null char
+  char* pointers_to_chars[N];                        // at the end.
+  for (int i = 0; i &lt; N; ++i)
+    pointers_to_chars[i] = &amp;characters[i];
+  
+  boost::indirect_iterator_generator&lt;char**, char&gt;::type 
+    indirect_first(pointers_to_chars), indirect_last(pointers_to_chars + N);
+
+  std::copy(indirect_first, indirect_last, std::ostream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(std::cout, ","));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  
+  // to be continued...
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+    <table border>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Parameter
+
+        <th>Description
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>BaseIterator</tt> 
+
+        <td>The iterator type being wrapped. The <tt>value_type</tt>
+        of the base iterator should itself be dereferenceable.  
+        The return type of the <tt>operator*</tt> for the
+        <tt>value_type</tt> should match the <tt>Reference</tt> type.
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Value</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>value_type</tt> of the resulting iterator, unless const. If
+        Value is <tt>const X</tt>, a conforming compiler makes the
+        <tt>value_type</tt> <tt><i>non-</i>const X</tt><a href=
+        "iterator_adaptors.htm#1">[1]</a>. Note that if the default
+         is used for <tt>Value</tt>, then there must be a valid specialization
+         of <tt>iterator_traits</tt> for the value type of the base iterator.
+         <br>
+         <b>Default:</b> <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;<br>
+         <20> std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::value_type
+        &gt;::value_type</tt><a href="#2">[2]</a> 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Reference</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>reference</tt> type of the resulting iterator, and in
+        particular, the result type of <tt>operator*()</tt>.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b> <tt>Value&amp;</tt> 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Pointer</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>pointer</tt> type of the resulting iterator, and in
+        particular, the result type of <tt>operator-&gt;()</tt>.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b> <tt>Value*</tt> 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Category</tt> 
+        <td>The <tt>iterator_category</tt> type for the resulting iterator.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b>
+        <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::iterator_category</tt> 
+
+    </table>
+
+    <h3>Concept Model</h3>
+    The indirect iterator will model whichever <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Iterators.html">standard iterator
+    concept category</a> is modeled by the base iterator. Thus, if the
+    base iterator is a model of <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+    Access Iterator</a> then so is the resulting indirect iterator. If
+    the base iterator models a more restrictive concept, the resulting
+    indirect iterator will model the same concept <a href="#3">[3]</a>.
+
+    <h3>Members</h3>
+    The indirect iterator type implements the member functions and operators
+    required of the <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random Access
+    Iterator</a> concept. In addition it has the following constructor: 
+<pre>
+explicit indirect_iterator_generator::type(const BaseIterator&amp; it)
+</pre>
+    <br>
+     <br>
+     
+    <hr>
+
+    <p>
+
+    <h2><a name="indirect_iterator_pair_generator">The Indirect Iterator Pair
+    Generator</a></h2>
+    Sometimes a pair of <tt>const</tt>/non-<tt>const</tt> pair of iterators is
+    needed, such as when implementing a container. The
+    <tt>indirect_iterator_pair_generator</tt> class makes it more convenient to
+    create this pair of iterator types. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+template &lt;class BaseIterator,
+          class Value, class Pointer, class Reference,
+          class ConstPointer, class ConstReference&gt;
+class indirect_iterator_pair_generator
+{
+public:
+  typedef <tt><a href=
+"./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt;...&gt;</tt> iterator;       // the mutable indirect iterator type 
+  typedef <tt><a href=
+"./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt;...&gt;</tt> const_iterator; // the immutable indirect iterator type 
+};
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h3>Example</h3>
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+  // continuing from the last example...
+
+  typedef boost::indirect_iterator_pair_generator&lt;char**,
+    char, char*, char&amp;, const char*, const char&amp;&gt; PairGen;
+
+  char mutable_characters[N];
+  char* pointers_to_mutable_chars[N];
+  for (int i = 0; i &lt; N; ++i)
+    pointers_to_mutable_chars[i] = &amp;mutable_characters[i];
+
+  PairGen::iterator mutable_indirect_first(pointers_to_mutable_chars),
+    mutable_indirect_last(pointers_to_mutable_chars + N);
+  PairGen::const_iterator const_indirect_first(pointers_to_chars),
+    const_indirect_last(pointers_to_chars + N);
+
+  std::transform(const_indirect_first, const_indirect_last,
+     mutable_indirect_first, std::bind1st(std::plus&lt;char&gt;(), 1));
+
+  std::copy(mutable_indirect_first, mutable_indirect_last,
+      std::ostream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(std::cout, ","));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  // to be continued...
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <p>The output is:
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+b,c,d,e,f,g,h,
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+    <table border>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Parameter
+
+        <th>Description
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>BaseIterator</tt> 
+
+        <td>The iterator type being wrapped. The <tt>value_type</tt> of the
+        base iterator should itself be dereferenceable.
+        The return type of the <tt>operator*</tt> for the
+        <tt>value_type</tt> should match the <tt>Reference</tt> type.
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Value</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>value_type</tt> of the resulting iterators.
+         If Value is <tt>const X</tt>, a conforming compiler makes the
+         <tt>value_type</tt> <tt><i>non-</i>const X</tt><a href=
+         "iterator_adaptors.htm#1">[1]</a>. Note that if the default
+         is used for <tt>Value</tt>, then there must be a valid
+         specialization of <tt>iterator_traits</tt> for the value type
+         of the base iterator.<br>
+
+         <b>Default:</b> <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;<br>
+         <20> std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::value_type
+        &gt;::value_type</tt><a href="#2">[2]</a> 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Reference</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>reference</tt> type of the resulting <tt>iterator</tt>, and
+        in particular, the result type of its <tt>operator*()</tt>.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b> <tt>Value&amp;</tt> 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Pointer</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>pointer</tt> type of the resulting <tt>iterator</tt>, and
+        in particular, the result type of its <tt>operator-&gt;()</tt>.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b> <tt>Value*</tt> 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>ConstReference</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>reference</tt> type of the resulting
+        <tt>const_iterator</tt>, and in particular, the result type of its
+        <tt>operator*()</tt>.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b> <tt>const Value&amp;</tt> 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>ConstPointer</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>pointer</tt> type of the resulting <tt>const_iterator</tt>,
+        and in particular, the result type of its <tt>operator-&gt;()</tt>.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b> <tt>const Value*</tt> 
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Category</tt> 
+        <td>The <tt>iterator_category</tt> type for the resulting iterator.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b>
+        <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::iterator_category</tt> 
+    </table>
+
+    <h3>Concept Model</h3>
+
+    The indirect iterators will model whichever <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Iterators.html">standard iterator
+    concept category</a> is modeled by the base iterator. Thus, if the
+    base iterator is a model of <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+    Access Iterator</a> then so are the resulting indirect
+    iterators. If the base iterator models a more restrictive concept,
+    the resulting indirect iterators will model the same concept <a
+    href="#3">[3]</a>.
+
+
+    <h3>Members</h3>
+    The resulting <tt>iterator</tt> and <tt>const_iterator</tt> types implement
+    the member functions and operators required of the <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random Access
+    Iterator</a> concept. In addition they support the following constructors: 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+explicit indirect_iterator_pair_generator::iterator(const BaseIterator&amp; it)
+explicit indirect_iterator_pair_generator::const_iterator(const BaseIterator&amp; it)
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <br>
+     <br>
+     
+    <hr>
+
+    <p>
+
+    <h2><a name="make_indirect_iterator">The Indirect Iterator Object
+    Generator</a></h2>
+    The <tt>make_indirect_iterator()</tt> function provides a more convenient
+    way to create indirect iterator objects. The function saves the user the
+    trouble of explicitly writing out the iterator types. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+template &lt;class BaseIterator&gt;
+typename indirect_iterator_generator&lt;BaseIterator&gt;::type
+make_indirect_iterator(BaseIterator base)  
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h3>Example</h3>
+    Here we again print the <tt>char</tt>s from the array <tt>characters</tt>
+    by accessing them through the array of pointers <tt>pointer_to_chars</tt>,
+    but this time we use the <tt>make_indirect_iterator()</tt> function which
+    saves us some typing. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+  // continuing from the last example...
+
+  std::copy(boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers_to_chars), 
+      boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers_to_chars + N),
+      std::ostream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(std::cout, ","));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    The output is: 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+a,b,c,d,e,f,g,
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h3>Notes</h3>
+
+    <p>
+
+    <p><a name="2">[2]</a> If your compiler does not support partial
+    specialization and the base iterator or its <tt>value_type</tt> is a
+    builtin pointer type, you will not be able to use the default for
+    <tt>Value</tt> and will need to specify this type explicitly.
+
+    <p><a name="3">[3]</a>There is a caveat to which concept the
+    indirect iterator can model.  If the return type of the
+    <tt>operator*</tt> for the base iterator's value type is not a
+    true reference, then strickly speaking, the indirect iterator can
+    not be a model of <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ForwardIterator.html">Forward
+    Iterator</a> or any of the concepts that refine it. In this case
+    the <tt>Category</tt> for the indirect iterator should be
+    specified as <tt>std::input_iterator_tag</tt>. However, even in
+    this case, if the base iterator is a random access iterator, the
+    resulting indirect iterator will still satisfy most of the
+    requirements for <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+    Access Iterator</a>.
+    
+    <hr>
+
+    <p>Revised 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %b %Y" startspan -->08 Mar 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="14892" -->
+
+
+    <p>&copy; Copyright Jeremy Siek and David Abrahams 2001. Permission to
+    copy, use, modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided
+    this copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided "as
+    is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its
+    suitability for any purpose. 
+    <!--  LocalWords:  html charset alt gif hpp BaseIterator const namespace struct
+             -->
+     
+    <!--  LocalWords:  ConstPointer ConstReference typename iostream int abcdefg
+             -->
+     <!--  LocalWords:  sizeof  PairGen pre Jeremy Siek David Abrahams
+             -->
+
+
+</body>
+</html>
--- a/indirect_iterator_example.cpp
+++ b/indirect_iterator_example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+// distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+// in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+// warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <vector>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <functional>
+#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  char characters[] = "abcdefg";
+  const int N = sizeof(characters)/sizeof(char) - 1; // -1 since characters has a null char
+  char* pointers_to_chars[N];                        // at the end.
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    pointers_to_chars[i] = &characters[i];
+
+  // Example of using indirect_iterator_generator
+  
+  boost::indirect_iterator_generator<char**, char>::type 
+    indirect_first(pointers_to_chars), indirect_last(pointers_to_chars + N);
+
+  std::copy(indirect_first, indirect_last, std::ostream_iterator<char>(std::cout, ","));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  
+
+  // Example of using indirect_iterator_pair_generator
+
+  typedef boost::indirect_iterator_pair_generator<char**, char> PairGen;
+
+  char mutable_characters[N];
+  char* pointers_to_mutable_chars[N];
+  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+    pointers_to_mutable_chars[i] = &mutable_characters[i];
+
+  PairGen::iterator mutable_indirect_first(pointers_to_mutable_chars),
+    mutable_indirect_last(pointers_to_mutable_chars + N);
+  PairGen::const_iterator const_indirect_first(pointers_to_chars),
+    const_indirect_last(pointers_to_chars + N);
+
+  std::transform(const_indirect_first, const_indirect_last,
+		 mutable_indirect_first, std::bind1st(std::plus<char>(), 1));
+
+  std::copy(mutable_indirect_first, mutable_indirect_last,
+	    std::ostream_iterator<char>(std::cout, ","));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+  
+  // Example of using make_indirect_iterator()
+
+  std::copy(boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers_to_chars), 
+	    boost::make_indirect_iterator(pointers_to_chars + N),
+	    std::ostream_iterator<char>(std::cout, ","));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/indirect_iterator_test.cpp
+++ b/indirect_iterator_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+//  to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  08 Mar 2001   Jeremy Siek
+//       Moved test of indirect iterator into its own file. It to
+//       to be in iterator_adaptor_test.cpp.
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+#include <boost/pending/iterator_tests.hpp>
+#include <boost/concept_archetype.hpp>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <deque>
+#include <set>
+
+struct my_iterator_tag : public std::random_access_iterator_tag { };
+
+using boost::dummyT;
+
+typedef std::deque<int> storage;
+typedef std::deque<int*> pointer_deque;
+typedef std::set<storage::iterator> iterator_set;
+
+void more_indirect_iterator_tests()
+{
+// For some reason all heck breaks loose in the compiler under these conditions.
+#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || !defined(__STL_DEBUG)
+    storage store(1000);
+    std::generate(store.begin(), store.end(), rand);
+    
+    pointer_deque ptr_deque;
+    iterator_set iter_set;
+
+    for (storage::iterator p = store.begin(); p != store.end(); ++p)
+    {
+        ptr_deque.push_back(&*p);
+        iter_set.insert(p);
+    }
+
+    typedef boost::indirect_iterator_pair_generator<
+        pointer_deque::iterator
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+        , int
+#endif
+    > IndirectDeque;
+
+    IndirectDeque::iterator db(ptr_deque.begin());
+    IndirectDeque::iterator de(ptr_deque.end());
+    assert(static_cast<std::size_t>(de - db) == store.size());
+    assert(db + store.size() == de);
+    IndirectDeque::const_iterator dci(db);
+    assert(db == dci);
+    assert(dci == db);
+    assert(dci != de);
+    assert(dci < de);
+    assert(dci <= de);
+    assert(de >= dci);
+    assert(de > dci);
+    dci = de;
+    assert(dci == de);
+
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(db + 1, store.size() - 1, boost::next(store.begin()));
+    
+    *db = 999;
+    assert(store.front() == 999);
+
+    // Borland C++ is getting very confused about the typedef's here
+
+    typedef boost::indirect_iterator_generator<
+        iterator_set::iterator
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+        , int
+#endif
+        >::type indirect_set_iterator;
+
+    typedef boost::indirect_iterator_generator<
+        iterator_set::iterator,
+        const int
+        >::type const_indirect_set_iterator;
+
+    indirect_set_iterator sb(iter_set.begin());
+    indirect_set_iterator se(iter_set.end());
+    const_indirect_set_iterator sci(iter_set.begin());
+    assert(sci == sb);
+    assert(sci != se);
+    sci = se;
+    assert(sci == se);
+    
+    *boost::prior(se) = 888;
+    assert(store.back() == 888);
+    assert(std::equal(sb, se, store.begin()));
+
+    boost::bidirectional_iterator_test(boost::next(sb), store[1], store[2]);
+    assert(std::equal(db, de, store.begin()));
+
+#endif    
+}
+
+int
+main()
+{
+  dummyT array[] = { dummyT(0), dummyT(1), dummyT(2), 
+                     dummyT(3), dummyT(4), dummyT(5) };
+  const int N = sizeof(array)/sizeof(dummyT);
+
+  // Test indirect_iterator_generator
+  {
+    dummyT* ptr[N];
+    for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k)
+      ptr[k] = array + k;
+
+    typedef boost::indirect_iterator_generator<dummyT**
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+        , dummyT
+#endif
+      >::type indirect_iterator;
+
+    typedef boost::indirect_iterator_generator<dummyT**, const dummyT>::type const_indirect_iterator;
+
+    indirect_iterator i(ptr);
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, array);
+
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_indirect_iterator(ptr), N, array);
+#endif
+    
+    // check operator->
+    assert((*i).m_x == i->foo());
+
+    const_indirect_iterator j(ptr);
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(j, N, array);
+
+    dummyT*const* const_ptr = ptr;
+    
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_indirect_iterator(const_ptr), N, array);
+#endif
+    boost::const_nonconst_iterator_test(i, ++j);
+
+    more_indirect_iterator_tests();
+  }
+  std::cout << "test successful " << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/iter_adaptor_fail_expected1.cpp
+++ b/iter_adaptor_fail_expected1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//  Test boost/pending/iterator_adaptors.hpp
+
+//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+//  to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+
+// Revision History
+// 21 Jan 01 Initial version (Jeremy Siek)
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <list>
+#include <boost/pending/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+
+int main()
+{
+  typedef boost::iterator_adaptor<std::list<int>::iterator,
+    boost::default_iterator_policies,
+    int,int&,int*,std::bidirectional_iterator_tag> adaptor_type;
+  
+  adaptor_type i;
+  i += 4;
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/iter_adaptor_fail_expected2.cpp
+++ b/iter_adaptor_fail_expected2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+//  Test boost/pending/iterator_adaptors.hpp
+
+//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+//  to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+
+// Revision History
+// 21 Jan 01 Initial version (Jeremy Siek)
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <boost/pending/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+
+int main()
+{
+  typedef boost::iterator_adaptor<std::istream_iterator<int>,
+    boost::default_iterator_policies,
+    int,int&,int*,std::input_iterator_tag> adaptor_type;
+  
+  adaptor_type iter;
+  --iter;
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/iter_traits_gen_test.cpp
+++ b/iter_traits_gen_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+// sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+// copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+// "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+// to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+// 8 Mar 2001   Jeremy Siek
+//     Initial checkin.
+
+#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+#include <boost/pending/iterator_tests.hpp>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+
+class bar { };
+void foo(bar) { }
+
+int
+main()
+{
+  using boost::dummyT;
+  dummyT array[] = { dummyT(0), dummyT(1), dummyT(2), 
+		     dummyT(3), dummyT(4), dummyT(5) };
+  typedef boost::iterator_adaptor<dummyT*, 
+    boost::default_iterator_policies, dummyT> my_iter;
+  my_iter mi(array);
+
+  {
+    typedef boost::iterator_adaptor<my_iter, boost::default_iterator_policies,
+      boost::iterator_traits_generator
+      ::reference<dummyT>
+      ::iterator_category<std::input_iterator_tag> > iter_type;
+
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((boost::is_same<iter_type::iterator_category*,
+       std::input_iterator_tag*>::value));
+
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(( ! boost::is_convertible<iter_type::iterator_category*,
+       std::forward_iterator_tag*>::value));
+
+    iter_type i(mi);
+    boost::input_iterator_test(i, dummyT(0), dummyT(1));
+  }
+  {
+    typedef boost::iterator_adaptor<dummyT*,
+      boost::default_iterator_policies,
+      boost::iterator_traits_generator
+        ::value_type<dummyT>
+        ::reference<const dummyT&>
+        ::pointer<const dummyT*> 
+        ::iterator_category<std::forward_iterator_tag>
+        ::difference_type<std::ptrdiff_t> > adaptor_type;
+
+    adaptor_type i(array);
+
+    boost::input_iterator_test(i, dummyT(0), dummyT(1));
+    int zero = 0;
+    if (zero) // don't do this, just make sure it compiles
+      assert((*i).m_x == i->foo());      
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/iterator_adaptor_examples.cpp
+++ b/iterator_adaptor_examples.cpp
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 #include <functional>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iostream>
-#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+#include <boost/pending/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+#include <boost/pending/integer_range.hpp>

 int
 main(int, char*[])
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ main(int, char*[])
  // This is a simple example of using the transform_iterators class to
  // generate iterators that multiply the value returned by dereferencing
  // the iterator. In this case we are multiplying by 2.
+  // Would be cooler to use lambda library in this example.

  int x[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };

--- a/iterator_adaptor_test.cpp
+++ b/iterator_adaptor_test.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//  Demonstrate and test boost/operators.hpp on std::iterators  -------------//
+//  Test boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp

 //  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
 //  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
@@ -9,40 +9,58 @@
 //  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.

 //  Revision History
+//  08 Mar 01 Moved indirect and transform tests to separate files.
+//            (Jeremy Siek)
+//  19 Feb 01 Take adavantage of improved iterator_traits to do more tests
+//            on MSVC. Hack around an MSVC-with-STLport internal compiler
+//            error. (David Abrahams)
+//  11 Feb 01 Added test of operator-> for forward and input iterators.
+//            (Jeremy Siek)
+//  11 Feb 01 Borland fixes (David Abrahams)
+//  10 Feb 01 Use new adaptors interface. (David Abrahams)
+//  10 Feb 01 Use new filter_ interface. (David Abrahams)
+//  09 Feb 01 Use new reverse_ and indirect_ interfaces. Replace
+//            BOOST_NO_STD_ITERATOR_TRAITS with
+//            BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION to prove we've
+//            normalized to core compiler capabilities (David Abrahams)
+//  08 Feb 01 Use Jeremy's new make_reverse_iterator form; add more
+//            comprehensive testing. Force-decay array function arguments to
+//            pointers.
+//  07 Feb 01 Added tests for the make_xxx_iterator() helper functions.
+//            (Jeremy Siek)
+//  07 Feb 01 Replaced use of xxx_pair_generator with xxx_generator where
+//            possible (which was all but the projection iterator).
+//            (Jeremy Siek)
+//  06 Feb 01 Removed now-defaulted template arguments where possible
+//            Updated names to correspond to new generator naming convention.
+//            Added a trivial test for make_transform_iterator().
+//            Gave traits for const iterators a mutable value_type, per std.
+//            Resurrected my original tests for indirect iterators.
+//            (David Abrahams)
+//  04 Feb 01 Fix for compilers without standard iterator_traits
+//            (David Abrahams)
 //  13 Jun 00 Added const version of the iterator tests (Jeremy Siek)
 //  12 Dec 99 Initial version with iterator operators (Jeremy Siek)

+#include <boost/config.hpp>
 #include <iostream>

 #include <algorithm>
 #include <functional>
+
 #include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
-#include <boost/iterator_tests.hpp>
+#include <boost/pending/iterator_tests.hpp>
+#include <boost/pending/integer_range.hpp>
+#include <boost/concept_archetype.hpp>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <deque>
+#include <set>

 struct my_iterator_tag : public std::random_access_iterator_tag { };

-
 using boost::dummyT;

-struct my_iter_traits {
-  typedef dummyT value_type;
-  typedef dummyT* pointer;
-  typedef dummyT& reference;
-  typedef my_iterator_tag iterator_category;
-  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
-};
-
-struct my_const_iter_traits {
-  typedef dummyT value_type;
-  typedef const dummyT* pointer;
-  typedef const dummyT& reference;
-  typedef my_iterator_tag iterator_category;
-  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
-};
-
-typedef boost::iterator_adaptors
-  <dummyT*, const dummyT*, 
-   my_iter_traits, my_const_iter_traits> My;

 struct mult_functor {
  typedef int result_type;
@@ -57,79 +75,153 @@ struct mult_functor {
  int a;
 };

+template <class Pair>
+struct select1st_ 
+  : public std::unary_function<Pair, typename Pair::first_type>
+{
+  const typename Pair::first_type& operator()(const Pair& x) const {
+    return x.first;
+  }
+  typename Pair::first_type& operator()(Pair& x) const {
+    return x.first;
+  }
+};
+
+struct one_or_four {
+  bool operator()(dummyT x) const {
+    return x.foo() == 1 || x.foo() == 4;
+  }
+};
+
+typedef std::deque<int> storage;
+typedef std::deque<int*> pointer_deque;
+typedef std::set<storage::iterator> iterator_set;
+
 int
 main()
 {
  dummyT array[] = { dummyT(0), dummyT(1), dummyT(2), 
-		     dummyT(3), dummyT(4), dummyT(5) };
+                     dummyT(3), dummyT(4), dummyT(5) };
  const int N = sizeof(array)/sizeof(dummyT);

  // sanity check, if this doesn't pass the test is buggy
  boost::random_access_iterator_test(array,N,array);

-  // Test the iterator_adaptors
+  // Check that the policy concept checks and the default policy
+  // implementation match up.
+  boost::function_requires< 
+     boost::RandomAccessIteratorPoliciesConcept<
+       boost::default_iterator_policies, int*,
+       boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, int, std::ptrdiff_t,
+                      int*, int&>
+      > >();
+
+  // Test the iterator_adaptor
  {
-    My::iterator i = array;
+    boost::iterator_adaptor<dummyT*, boost::default_iterator_policies, dummyT> i(array);
    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, array);
    
-    My::const_iterator j = array;
+    boost::iterator_adaptor<const dummyT*, boost::default_iterator_policies, const dummyT> j(array);
    boost::random_access_iterator_test(j, N, array);
    boost::const_nonconst_iterator_test(i, ++j);
  }
-  // Test transform_iterator
-  {
-    int x[N], y[N];
-    for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k)
-      x[k] = k;
-    std::copy(x, x + N, y);

-    for (int k2 = 0; k2 < N; ++k2)
-      x[k2] = x[k2] * 2;
-
-    boost::transform_iterator<mult_functor, int*,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,int> >::type
-      i(y, mult_functor(2));
-    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, x);
-  }
-  // Test indirect_iterator
-  {
-    dummyT* ptr[N];
+  // Test projection_iterator_pair_generator
+  {    
+    typedef std::pair<dummyT,dummyT> Pair;
+    Pair pair_array[N];
    for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k)
-      ptr[k] = array + k;
+      pair_array[k].first = array[k];
+
+    typedef boost::projection_iterator_pair_generator<select1st_<Pair>,
+      Pair*, const Pair*
+      > Projection;
    
-    typedef dummyT* DummyPtr;
-    typedef boost::indirect_iterators<DummyPtr*, const DummyPtr*,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, DummyPtr>,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, const DummyPtr>,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag, dummyT>
-      > Indirect;
-    Indirect::iterator i = ptr;
+    Projection::iterator i(pair_array);
    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, array);

-    Indirect::const_iterator j = ptr;
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_projection_iterator(pair_array, select1st_<Pair>()), N, array);    
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_projection_iterator< select1st_<Pair> >(pair_array), N, array);    
+
+    Projection::const_iterator j(pair_array);
    boost::random_access_iterator_test(j, N, array);

-    boost::const_nonconst_iterator_test(i, ++j);    
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_const_projection_iterator(pair_array, select1st_<Pair>()), N, array);
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_const_projection_iterator<select1st_<Pair> >(pair_array), N, array);
+
+    boost::const_nonconst_iterator_test(i, ++j);
  }
-  // Test reverse_iterators
+
+  // Test reverse_iterator_generator
  {
    dummyT reversed[N];
    std::copy(array, array + N, reversed);
    std::reverse(reversed, reversed + N);
    
-    typedef boost::reverse_iterators<dummyT*, const dummyT*,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,dummyT>,
-      boost::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,const dummyT>
-      > Reverse;
-    Reverse::iterator i = reversed + N;
+    typedef boost::reverse_iterator_generator<dummyT*
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+        , dummyT
+#endif
+      >::type reverse_iterator;
+    
+    reverse_iterator i(reversed + N);
    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, array);

-    Reverse::const_iterator j = reversed + N;
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_reverse_iterator(reversed + N), N, array);
+#endif
+
+    typedef boost::reverse_iterator_generator<const dummyT*
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+        , const dummyT
+#endif
+      >::type const_reverse_iterator;
+    
+    const_reverse_iterator j(reversed + N);
    boost::random_access_iterator_test(j, N, array);

+    const dummyT* const_reversed = reversed;
+    
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_reverse_iterator(const_reversed + N), N, array);
+#endif
+    
    boost::const_nonconst_iterator_test(i, ++j);    
  }

+  // Test reverse_iterator_generator again, with traits fully deducible on all platforms
+  {
+    std::deque<dummyT> reversed_container;
+    std::reverse_copy(array, array + N, std::back_inserter(reversed_container));
+    const std::deque<dummyT>::iterator reversed = reversed_container.begin();
+
+
+    typedef boost::reverse_iterator_generator<
+        std::deque<dummyT>::iterator>::type reverse_iterator;
+    typedef boost::reverse_iterator_generator<
+        std::deque<dummyT>::const_iterator, const dummyT>::type const_reverse_iterator;
+
+    // MSVC/STLport gives an INTERNAL COMPILER ERROR when any computation
+    // (e.g. "reversed + N") is used in the constructor below.
+    const std::deque<dummyT>::iterator finish = reversed_container.end();
+    reverse_iterator i(finish);
+    
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(i, N, array);
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_reverse_iterator(reversed + N), N, array);
+
+    const_reverse_iterator j = reverse_iterator(finish);
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(j, N, array);
+
+    const std::deque<dummyT>::const_iterator const_reversed = reversed;
+    boost::random_access_iterator_test(boost::make_reverse_iterator(const_reversed + N), N, array);
+    
+    // Many compilers' builtin deque iterators don't interoperate well, though
+    // STLport fixes that problem.
+#if defined(__SGI_STL_PORT) || !defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__BORLANDC__) && !defined(BOOST_MSVC)
+    boost::const_nonconst_iterator_test(i, ++j);
+#endif
+  }
+  
  // Test integer_range's iterators
  {
    int int_array[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
@@ -137,7 +229,107 @@ main()
    boost::random_access_iterator_test(r.begin(), r.size(), int_array);
  }

-  std::cout << "test successful " << std::endl;
+  // Test filter iterator
+  {
+    // Using typedefs for filter_gen::type confused Borland terribly.
+    typedef boost::detail::non_bidirectional_category<dummyT*>::type category;
+    
+    typedef boost::filter_iterator_generator<one_or_four, dummyT*
+#ifdef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+        , dummyT
+#endif
+        >::type filter_iter;

+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
+    // Borland is choking on accessing the policies_type explicitly
+    // from the filter_iter. 
+    boost::forward_iterator_test(make_filter_iterator(array, array+N, 
+						      one_or_four()),
+				 dummyT(1), dummyT(4));
+#else
+    filter_iter i(array, filter_iter::policies_type(one_or_four(), array + N));
+    boost::forward_iterator_test(i, dummyT(1), dummyT(4));
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(__BORLANDC__)
+    // 
+    enum { is_forward = boost::is_same<
+           filter_iter::iterator_category,
+           std::forward_iterator_tag>::value };
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(is_forward);
+#endif
+
+    // On compilers not supporting partial specialization, we can do more type
+    // deduction with deque iterators than with pointers... unless the library
+    // is broken ;-(
+#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || defined(__SGI_STL_PORT)
+    std::deque<dummyT> array2;
+    std::copy(array+0, array+N, std::back_inserter(array2));
+    boost::forward_iterator_test(
+        boost::make_filter_iterator(array2.begin(), array2.end(), one_or_four()),
+        dummyT(1), dummyT(4));
+
+    boost::forward_iterator_test(
+        boost::make_filter_iterator<one_or_four>(array2.begin(), array2.end()),
+        dummyT(1), dummyT(4));
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) // This just freaks MSVC out completely
+    boost::forward_iterator_test(
+        boost::make_filter_iterator<one_or_four>(
+            boost::make_reverse_iterator(array2.end()),
+            boost::make_reverse_iterator(array2.begin())
+            ),
+        dummyT(4), dummyT(1));
+#endif
+    
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+    boost::forward_iterator_test(
+        boost::make_filter_iterator(array+0, array+N, one_or_four()),
+        dummyT(1), dummyT(4));
+
+    boost::forward_iterator_test(
+        boost::make_filter_iterator<one_or_four>(array, array + N),
+        dummyT(1), dummyT(4));
+
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // check operator-> with a forward iterator
+  {
+    boost::forward_iterator_archetype<dummyT> forward_iter;
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)
+    typedef boost::iterator_adaptor<boost::forward_iterator_archetype<dummyT>,
+      boost::default_iterator_policies,
+      dummyT, const dummyT&, const dummyT*, 
+      std::forward_iterator_tag, std::ptrdiff_t> adaptor_type;
+#else
+    typedef boost::iterator_adaptor<boost::forward_iterator_archetype<dummyT>,
+      boost::default_iterator_policies,
+      boost::iterator_traits_generator
+        ::value_type<dummyT>
+        ::reference<const dummyT&>
+        ::pointer<const dummyT*> 
+        ::iterator_category<std::forward_iterator_tag>
+        ::difference_type<std::ptrdiff_t> > adaptor_type;
+#endif
+    adaptor_type i(forward_iter);
+    int zero = 0;
+    if (zero) // don't do this, just make sure it compiles
+      assert((*i).m_x == i->foo());      
+  }
+  // check operator-> with an input iterator
+  {
+    boost::input_iterator_archetype<dummyT> input_iter;
+    typedef boost::iterator_adaptor<boost::input_iterator_archetype<dummyT>,
+      boost::default_iterator_policies,
+      dummyT, const dummyT&, const dummyT*, 
+      std::input_iterator_tag, std::ptrdiff_t> adaptor_type;
+    adaptor_type i(input_iter);
+    int zero = 0;
+    if (zero) // don't do this, just make sure it compiles
+      assert((*i).m_x == i->foo());      
+  }
+  std::cout << "test successful " << std::endl;
  return 0;
 }
--- a/iterator_adaptors.htm
+++ b/iterator_adaptors.htm
--- a/iterator_traits_test.cpp
+++ b/iterator_traits_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+//  to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  04 Mar 2001 Patches for Intel C++ (Dave Abrahams)
+//  19 Feb 2001 Take advantage of improved iterator_traits to do more tests
+//              on MSVC. Reordered some #ifdefs for coherency.
+//              (David Abrahams)
+//  13 Feb 2001 Test new VC6 workarounds (David Abrahams)
+//  11 Feb 2001 Final fixes for Borland (David Abrahams)
+//  11 Feb 2001 Some fixes for Borland get it closer on that compiler
+//              (David Abrahams)
+//  07 Feb 2001 More comprehensive testing; factored out static tests for
+//              better reuse (David Abrahams)
+//  21 Jan 2001 Quick fix to my_iterator, which wasn't returning a
+//              reference type from operator* (David Abrahams)
+//  19 Jan 2001 Initial version with iterator operators (David Abrahams)
+
+#include <boost/detail/iterator.hpp>
+#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
+#include <boost/operators.hpp>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <vector>
+#include <list>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <iostream>
+
+// An iterator for which we can get traits.
+struct my_iterator1
+    : boost::forward_iterator_helper<my_iterator1, char, long, const char*, const char&>
+{
+    my_iterator1(const char* p) : m_p(p) {}
+    
+    bool operator==(const my_iterator1& rhs) const
+        { return this->m_p == rhs.m_p; }
+
+    my_iterator1& operator++() { ++this->m_p; return *this; }
+    const char& operator*() { return *m_p; }
+ private:
+    const char* m_p;
+};
+
+// Used to prove that we don't require std::iterator<> in the hierarchy under
+// MSVC6, and that we can compute all the traits for a standard-conforming UDT
+// iterator.
+struct my_iterator2
+    : boost::equality_comparable<my_iterator2
+    , boost::incrementable<my_iterator2
+    , boost::dereferenceable<my_iterator2,const char*> > >
+{
+    typedef char value_type;
+    typedef long difference_type;
+    typedef const char* pointer;
+    typedef const char& reference;
+    typedef std::forward_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+    
+    my_iterator2(const char* p) : m_p(p) {}
+    
+    bool operator==(const my_iterator2& rhs) const
+        { return this->m_p == rhs.m_p; }
+
+    my_iterator2& operator++() { ++this->m_p; return *this; }
+    const char& operator*() { return *m_p; }
+ private:
+    const char* m_p;
+};
+
+// Used to prove that we're not overly confused by the existence of
+// std::iterator<> in the hierarchy under MSVC6 - we should find that
+// boost::detail::iterator_traits<my_iterator3>::difference_type is int.
+struct my_iterator3 : my_iterator1
+{
+    typedef int difference_type;
+    my_iterator3(const char* p) : my_iterator1(p) {}
+};
+
+template <class Iterator,
+    class value_type, class difference_type, class pointer, class reference, class category>
+struct non_portable_tests
+{
+    // Unfortunately, the VC6 standard library doesn't supply these :(
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+        boost::is_same<
+        typename boost::detail::iterator_traits<Iterator>::pointer,
+        pointer
+        >::value));
+    
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+        boost::is_same<
+        typename boost::detail::iterator_traits<Iterator>::reference,
+        reference
+        >::value));
+};
+
+template <class Iterator,
+    class value_type, class difference_type, class pointer, class reference, class category>
+struct portable_tests
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+        boost::is_same<
+        typename boost::detail::iterator_traits<Iterator>::difference_type,
+        difference_type
+        >::value));
+    
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+        boost::is_same<
+        typename boost::detail::iterator_traits<Iterator>::iterator_category,
+        category
+        >::value));
+};
+
+// Test iterator_traits
+template <class Iterator,
+    class value_type, class difference_type, class pointer, class reference, class category>
+struct input_iterator_test
+    : portable_tests<Iterator,value_type,difference_type,pointer,reference,category>
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT((
+        boost::is_same<
+        typename boost::detail::iterator_traits<Iterator>::value_type,
+        value_type
+        >::value));
+};
+
+template <class Iterator,
+    class value_type, class difference_type, class pointer, class reference, class category>
+struct non_pointer_test
+    : input_iterator_test<Iterator,value_type,difference_type,pointer,reference,category>
+      , non_portable_tests<Iterator,value_type,difference_type,pointer,reference,category>
+{
+};
+
+template <class Iterator,
+    class value_type, class difference_type, class pointer, class reference, class category>
+struct maybe_pointer_test
+    : portable_tests<Iterator,value_type,difference_type,pointer,reference,category>
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
+      , non_portable_tests<Iterator,value_type,difference_type,pointer,reference,category>
+#endif
+{
+};
+
+input_iterator_test<std::istream_iterator<int>, int, std::ptrdiff_t, int*, int&, std::input_iterator_tag>
+        istream_iterator_test;
+
+// 
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__) && !defined(__SGI_STL_PORT)
+typedef ::std::char_traits<char>::off_type distance;
+non_pointer_test<std::ostream_iterator<int>,int,
+    distance,int*,int&,std::output_iterator_tag> ostream_iterator_test;
+#elif defined(BOOST_MSVC_STD_ITERATOR)
+non_pointer_test<std::ostream_iterator<int>,
+    int, void, void, void, std::output_iterator_tag>
+        ostream_iterator_test;
+#else
+non_pointer_test<std::ostream_iterator<int>,
+    void, void, void, void, std::output_iterator_tag>
+        ostream_iterator_test;
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __KCC
+  typedef long std_list_diff_type;
+#else
+  typedef std::ptrdiff_t std_list_diff_type;
+#endif
+non_pointer_test<std::list<int>::iterator, int, std_list_diff_type, int*, int&, std::bidirectional_iterator_tag>
+        list_iterator_test;
+
+maybe_pointer_test<std::vector<int>::iterator, int, std::ptrdiff_t, int*, int&, std::random_access_iterator_tag>
+        vector_iterator_test;
+
+maybe_pointer_test<int*, int, std::ptrdiff_t, int*, int&, std::random_access_iterator_tag>
+        int_pointer_test;
+
+non_pointer_test<my_iterator1, char, long, const char*, const char&, std::forward_iterator_tag>
+       my_iterator1_test;
+                    
+non_pointer_test<my_iterator2, char, long, const char*, const char&, std::forward_iterator_tag>
+       my_iterator2_test;
+                    
+non_pointer_test<my_iterator3, char, int, const char*, const char&, std::forward_iterator_tag>
+       my_iterator3_test;
+                    
+int main()
+{
+    char chars[100];
+    int ints[100];
+    
+    for (std::ptrdiff_t length = 3; length < 100; length += length / 3)
+    {
+        std::list<int> l(length);
+        assert(boost::detail::distance(l.begin(), l.end()) == length);
+        
+        std::vector<int> v(length);
+        assert(boost::detail::distance(v.begin(), v.end()) == length);
+
+        assert(boost::detail::distance(&ints[0], ints + length) == length);
+        assert(boost::detail::distance(my_iterator1(chars), my_iterator1(chars + length)) == length);
+        assert(boost::detail::distance(my_iterator2(chars), my_iterator2(chars + length)) == length);
+        assert(boost::detail::distance(my_iterator3(chars), my_iterator3(chars + length)) == length);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
--- a/numeric_traits_test.cpp
+++ b/numeric_traits_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+//  (C) Copyright David Abrahams 2001. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+//  to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+//  See http://www.boost.org for most recent version including documentation.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  11 Feb 2001 Fixes for Borland (David Abrahams)
+//  23 Jan 2001 Added test for wchar_t (David Abrahams)
+//  23 Jan 2001 Now statically selecting a test for signed numbers to avoid
+//              warnings with fancy compilers. Added commentary and
+//              additional dumping of traits data for tested types (David
+//              Abrahams).
+//  21 Jan 2001 Initial version (David Abrahams)
+
+#include <boost/detail/numeric_traits.hpp>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
+#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>
+#include <boost/cstdint.hpp>
+#include <boost/utility.hpp>
+#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
+#include <climits>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS
+# include <limits>
+#endif
+
+// A macro for declaring class compile-time constants.
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_INCLASS_MEMBER_INITIALIZATION
+# define DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(type, init) static const type init
+#else
+# define DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(type, init) enum { init }
+#endif
+
+// =================================================================================
+// template class complement_traits<Number> --
+//
+//    statically computes the max and min for 1s and 2s-complement binary
+//    numbers. This helps on platforms without <limits> support. It also shows
+//    an example of a recursive template that works with MSVC!
+//
+
+template <unsigned size> struct complement; // forward
+
+// The template complement, below, does all the real work, using "poor man's
+// partial specialization". We need complement_traits_aux<> so that MSVC doesn't
+// complain about undefined min/max as we're trying to recursively define them. 
+template <class Number, unsigned size>
+struct complement_traits_aux
+{
+    DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, max = complement<size>::template traits<Number>::max);
+    DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, min = complement<size>::template traits<Number>::min);
+};
+
+template <unsigned size>
+struct complement
+{
+    template <class Number>
+    struct traits
+    {
+     private:
+        // indirection through complement_traits_aux neccessary to keep MSVC happy
+        typedef complement_traits_aux<Number, size - 1> prev;
+     public:
+        DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, max =
+                            Number(Number(prev::max) << CHAR_BIT)
+                            + Number(UCHAR_MAX));
+        
+        DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, min = Number(Number(prev::min) << CHAR_BIT));
+    };
+};
+
+// Template class complement_base<> -- defines values for min and max for
+// complement<1>, at the deepest level of recursion. Uses "poor man's partial
+// specialization" again.
+template <bool is_signed> struct complement_base;
+
+template <> struct complement_base<false>
+{
+    template <class Number>
+    struct values
+    {
+        DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, min = 0);
+        DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, max = UCHAR_MAX);
+    };
+};
+
+template <> struct complement_base<true>
+{
+    template <class Number>
+    struct values
+    {
+        DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, min = SCHAR_MIN);
+        DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, max = SCHAR_MAX);
+    };
+};
+
+// Base specialization of complement, puts an end to the recursion.
+template <>
+struct complement<1>
+{
+    template <class Number>
+    struct traits
+    {
+        DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(bool, is_signed = boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+        DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, min =
+                            complement_base<is_signed>::template values<Number>::min);
+        DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, max =
+                            complement_base<is_signed>::template values<Number>::max);
+    };
+};
+
+// Now here's the "pretty" template you're intended to actually use.
+//   complement_traits<Number>::min, complement_traits<Number>::max are the
+//   minimum and maximum values of Number if Number is a built-in integer type.
+template <class Number>
+struct complement_traits
+{
+    DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, max = (complement_traits_aux<Number, sizeof(Number)>::max));
+    DECLARE_CLASS_CONST(Number, min = (complement_traits_aux<Number, sizeof(Number)>::min));
+};
+
+// =================================================================================
+
+// Support for streaming various numeric types in exactly the format I want. I
+// needed this in addition to all the assertions so that I could see exactly
+// what was going on.
+//
+// Numbers go through a 2-stage conversion process (by default, though, no real
+// conversion).
+//
+template <class T> struct stream_as {
+    typedef T t1;
+    typedef T t2;
+};
+
+// char types first get converted to unsigned char, then to unsigned.
+template <> struct stream_as<char> {
+    typedef unsigned char t1;
+    typedef unsigned t2;
+};
+template <> struct stream_as<unsigned char> {
+    typedef unsigned char t1; typedef unsigned t2;
+};
+template <> struct stream_as<signed char>  {
+    typedef unsigned char t1; typedef unsigned t2;
+};
+
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC) // No intmax streaming built-in
+
+// On this platform, __int64 and __uint64 get streamed as strings
+template <> struct stream_as<boost::uintmax_t> {
+    typedef std::string t1;
+    typedef std::string t2;
+};
+
+template <> struct stream_as<boost::intmax_t>  {
+    typedef std::string t1;
+    typedef std::string t2;
+};
+#endif
+
+// Standard promotion process for streaming
+template <class T> struct promote
+{
+    static typename stream_as<T>::t1 from(T x) {
+        typedef typename stream_as<T>::t1 t1;
+        return t1(x);
+    }
+};
+
+#if defined(BOOST_MSVC) // No intmax streaming built-in
+
+// On this platform, stream them as long/unsigned long if they fit.
+// Otherwise, write a string.
+template <> struct promote<boost::uintmax_t> {
+    std::string static from(const boost::uintmax_t x) {
+        if (x > ULONG_MAX)
+            return std::string("large unsigned value");
+        else
+            return boost::lexical_cast<std::string>((unsigned long)x);
+    }
+};
+template <> struct promote<boost::intmax_t> {
+    std::string static from(const boost::intmax_t x) {
+        if (x > boost::intmax_t(ULONG_MAX))
+            return std::string("large positive signed value");
+        else if (x >= 0)
+            return boost::lexical_cast<std::string>((unsigned long)x);
+        
+        if (x < boost::intmax_t(LONG_MIN))
+            return std::string("large negative signed value");
+        else
+            return boost::lexical_cast<std::string>((long)x);
+    }
+};
+#endif
+
+// This is the function which converts types to the form I want to stream them in.
+template <class T>
+typename stream_as<T>::t2 stream_number(T x)
+{
+    return promote<T>::from(x);
+}
+// =================================================================================
+
+//
+// Tests for built-in signed and unsigned types
+//
+
+// Tag types for selecting tests
+struct unsigned_tag {};
+struct signed_tag {};
+
+// Tests for unsigned numbers. The extra default Number parameter works around
+// an MSVC bug.
+template <class Number>
+void test_aux(unsigned_tag, Number* = 0)
+{
+    typedef typename boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type difference_type;
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(!boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(
+        (sizeof(Number) < sizeof(boost::intmax_t))
+        | (boost::is_same<difference_type, boost::intmax_t>::value));
+
+    // Force casting to Number here to work around the fact that it's an enum on MSVC
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(Number(complement_traits<Number>::max) > Number(0));
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(Number(complement_traits<Number>::min) == Number(0));
+    
+    const Number max = complement_traits<Number>::max;
+    const Number min = complement_traits<Number>::min;
+    
+    const Number test_max = (sizeof(Number) < sizeof(boost::intmax_t))
+        ? max
+        : max / 2 - 1;
+
+    std::cout << std::hex << "(unsigned) min = " << stream_number(min) << ", max = "
+              << stream_number(max) << "..." << std::flush;
+    std::cout << "difference_type = " << typeid(difference_type).name() << "..."
+              << std::flush;
+    
+    difference_type d1 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(Number(0), test_max);
+    difference_type d2 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(test_max, Number(0));
+    
+    std::cout << "0->" << stream_number(test_max) << "==" << std::dec << stream_number(d1) << "; "
+              << std::hex << stream_number(test_max) << "->0==" << std::dec << stream_number(d2) << "..." << std::flush;
+
+    assert(d1 == difference_type(test_max));
+    assert(d2 == -difference_type(test_max));
+}
+
+// Tests for signed numbers. The extra default Number parameter works around an
+// MSVC bug.
+struct out_of_range_tag {};
+struct in_range_tag {};
+
+// This test morsel gets executed for numbers whose difference will always be
+// representable in intmax_t
+template <class Number>
+void signed_test(in_range_tag, Number* = 0)
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+    typedef typename boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type difference_type;
+    const Number max = complement_traits<Number>::max;
+    const Number min = complement_traits<Number>::min;
+    
+    difference_type d1 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(min, max);
+    difference_type d2 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(max, min);
+
+    std::cout << stream_number(min) << "->" << stream_number(max) << "==";
+    std::cout << std::dec << stream_number(d1) << "; ";
+    std::cout << std::hex << stream_number(max) << "->" << stream_number(min)
+              << "==" << std::dec << stream_number(d2) << "..." << std::flush;
+    assert(d1 == difference_type(max) - difference_type(min));
+    assert(d2 == difference_type(min) - difference_type(max));
+}
+
+// This test morsel gets executed for numbers whose difference may exceed the
+// capacity of intmax_t.
+template <class Number>
+void signed_test(out_of_range_tag, Number* = 0)
+{
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+    typedef typename boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type difference_type;
+    const Number max = complement_traits<Number>::max;
+    const Number min = complement_traits<Number>::min;
+
+    difference_type min_distance = complement_traits<difference_type>::min;
+    difference_type max_distance = complement_traits<difference_type>::max;
+
+    const Number n1 = Number(min + max_distance);
+    const Number n2 = Number(max + min_distance);
+    difference_type d1 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(min, n1);
+    difference_type d2 = boost::detail::numeric_distance(max, n2);
+
+    std::cout << stream_number(min) << "->" << stream_number(n1) << "==";
+    std::cout << std::dec << stream_number(d1) << "; ";
+    std::cout << std::hex << stream_number(max) << "->" << stream_number(n2)
+              << "==" << std::dec << stream_number(d2) << "..." << std::flush;
+    assert(d1 == max_distance);
+    assert(d2 == min_distance);
+}
+
+template <class Number>
+void test_aux(signed_tag, Number* = 0)
+{
+    typedef typename boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type difference_type;
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value);
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(
+        (sizeof(Number) < sizeof(boost::intmax_t))
+        | (boost::is_same<difference_type, Number>::value));
+
+    // Force casting to Number here to work around the fact that it's an enum on MSVC
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(Number(complement_traits<Number>::max) > Number(0));
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(Number(complement_traits<Number>::min) < Number(0));
+    
+    const Number max = complement_traits<Number>::max;
+    const Number min = complement_traits<Number>::min;
+    
+    std::cout << std::hex << "min = " << stream_number(min) << ", max = "
+              << stream_number(max) << "..." << std::flush;
+    std::cout << "difference_type = " << typeid(difference_type).name() << "..."
+              << std::flush;
+
+    typedef typename boost::detail::if_true<
+                          (sizeof(Number) < sizeof(boost::intmax_t))>
+                        ::template then<
+                          in_range_tag,
+                          out_of_range_tag
+                        >::type
+        range_tag;
+    signed_test<Number>(range_tag());
+}
+
+
+// Test for all numbers. The extra default Number parameter works around an MSVC
+// bug.
+template <class Number>
+void test(Number* = 0)
+{
+    std::cout << "testing " << typeid(Number).name() << ":\n"
+#ifndef BOOST_NO_LIMITS_COMPILE_TIME_CONSTANTS
+              << "is_signed: " << (std::numeric_limits<Number>::is_signed ? "true\n" : "false\n")
+              << "is_bounded: " << (std::numeric_limits<Number>::is_bounded ? "true\n" : "false\n")
+              << "digits: " << std::numeric_limits<Number>::digits << "\n"
+#endif
+              << "..." << std::flush;
+
+    // factoring out difference_type for the assert below confused Borland :(
+    typedef boost::detail::is_signed<
+#ifndef BOOST_MSVC
+        typename
+#endif
+        boost::detail::numeric_traits<Number>::difference_type
+        > is_signed;
+    BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(is_signed::value);
+
+    typedef typename boost::detail::if_true<
+        boost::detail::is_signed<Number>::value
+        >::template then<signed_tag, unsigned_tag>::type signedness;
+    
+    test_aux<Number>(signedness());
+    std::cout << "passed" << std::endl;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    test<char>();
+    test<unsigned char>();
+    test<signed char>();
+    test<wchar_t>();
+    test<short>();
+    test<unsigned short>();
+    test<int>();
+    test<unsigned int>();
+    test<long>();
+    test<unsigned long>();
+#if defined(ULLONG_MAX) || defined(ULONG_LONG_MAX)
+    test<long long>();
+    test<unsigned long long>();
+#elif defined(BOOST_MSVC)
+    // The problem of not having compile-time static class constants other than
+    // enums prevents this from working, since values get truncated.
+    // test<boost::uintmax_t>();
+    // test<boost::intmax_t>();
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
--- a/operators.htm
+++ b/operators.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,597 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+<title>Header boost/operators.hpp Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+
+<h1><img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center" width="277" height="86">Header
+<a href="../../boost/operators.hpp">boost/operators.hpp</a></h1>
+<p>Header <a href="../../boost/operators.hpp">boost/operators.hpp</a> supplies
+(in namespace boost) several sets of templates:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="#Arithmetic">Arithmetic operators</a>.
+  <li><a href="#deref and helpers">Dereference operators and iterator helpers.</a></li>
+</ul>
+<p>These templates define many global operators in terms of a minimal number of
+fundamental operators.</p>
+<h1><a name="Arithmetic">Arithmetic</a> Operators</h1>
+<p>If, for example, you declare a class like this:</p>
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>class MyInt : boost::operators&lt;MyInt&gt;
+{
+    bool operator&lt;(const MyInt&amp; x) const; 
+    bool operator==(const MyInt&amp; x) const;
+    MyInt&amp; operator+=(const MyInt&amp; x);    
+    MyInt&amp; operator-=(const MyInt&amp; x);    
+    MyInt&amp; operator*=(const MyInt&amp; x);    
+    MyInt&amp; operator/=(const MyInt&amp; x);    
+    MyInt&amp; operator%=(const MyInt&amp; x);    
+    MyInt&amp; operator|=(const MyInt&amp; x);    
+    MyInt&amp; operator&amp;=(const MyInt&amp; x);    
+    MyInt&amp; operator^=(const MyInt&amp; x);    
+    MyInt&amp; operator++();    
+    MyInt&amp; operator--();    
+};</pre>
+</blockquote>
+<p>then the <code>operators&lt;&gt;</code> template adds more than a dozen
+additional operators, such as operator&gt;, &lt;=, &gt;=, and +.&nbsp; <a href="#two_arg">Two-argument
+forms</a> of the templates are also provided to allow interaction with other
+types.</p>
+<p><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a>
+started the library and contributed the arithmetic operators in <a href="../../boost/operators.hpp">boost/operators.hpp</a>.<br>
+<a href="http://www.boost.org/people/jeremy_siek.htm">Jeremy Siek</a>
+contributed the <a href="#deref and helpers">dereference operators and iterator
+helpers</a> in <a href="../../boost/operators.hpp">boost/operators.hpp</a>.<br>
+<a href="http://www.boost.org/people/aleksey_gurtovoy.htm">Aleksey Gurtovoy</a>
+contributed the code to support <a href="#chaining">base class chaining</a>
+while remaining backward-compatible with old versions of the library.<br>
+<a href="http://www.boost.org/people/beman_dawes.html">Beman Dawes</a>
+contributed <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/operators_test.cpp">test_operators.cpp</a>.</p>
+<h2>Rationale</h2>
+<p>Overloaded operators for class types typically occur in groups. If you can
+write <code>x + y</code>, you probably also want to be able to write <code>x +=
+y</code>. If you can write <code>x &lt; y,</code> you also want <code>x &gt; y,
+x &gt;= y,</code> and <code>x &lt;= y</code>. Moreover, unless your class has
+really surprising behavior, some of these related operators can be defined in
+terms of others (e.g. <code>x &gt;= y <b>&lt;=&gt;</b> !(x &lt; y)</code>).
+Replicating this boilerplate for multiple classes is both tedious and
+error-prone. The <a href="../../boost/operators.hpp">boost/operators.hpp</a>
+templates help by generating operators for you at namespace scope based on other
+operators you've defined in your class.</p>
+<a name="two_arg">
+<h2>Two-Argument Template Forms</h2>
+</a>
+<p>The arguments to a binary operator commonly have identical types, but it is
+not unusual to want to define operators which combine different types. For <a href="#usage">example</a>,
+one might want to multiply a mathematical vector by a scalar. The two-argument
+template forms of the arithmetic operator templates are supplied for this
+purpose. When applying the two-argument form of a template, the desired return
+type of the operators typically determines which of the two types in question
+should be derived from the operator template. For example, if the result of <code>T&nbsp;+&nbsp;U</code>
+is of type <code>T</code>, then <code>T</code> (not <code>U</code>) should be
+derived from <code>addable&lt;T,U&gt;</code>. The comparison templates <code><a href="#less_than_comparable">less_than_comparable&lt;&gt;</a></code>
+and <code><a href="#equality_comparable">equality_comparable&lt;&gt;</a></code>
+are exceptions to this guideline, since the return type of the operators they
+define is <code>bool</code>.</p>
+<p>On compilers which do not support partial specialization, the two-argument
+forms must be specified by using the names shown below with the trailing <code>'2'</code>.
+The single-argument forms with the trailing <code>'1'</code> are provided for
+symmetry and to enable certain applications of the <a href="#chaining">base
+class chaining</a> technique.</p>
+<h2>Arithmetic operators table</h2>
+<p>The requirements for the types used to instantiate operator templates are
+specified in terms of expressions which must be valid and by the return type of
+the expression. In the following table <code>t</code> and <code>t1</code> are
+values of type <code>T</code>, and <code>u</code> is a value of type <code>U</code>.
+Every template in the library other than <a href="#operators"><code>operators&lt;&gt;</code></a>
+and <a href="#operators"><code>operators2&lt;&gt;</code></a> has an additional
+optional template parameter <code>B</code> which is not shown in the table, but
+is explained <a href="#chaining">below</a></p>
+<table cellpadding="5" border="1">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td><b>template</b></td>
+      <td><b>template will supply</b></td>
+      <td><b>Requirements</b></td>
+    </tr>
+    <a name="operators">
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>operators&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td>All the other &lt;T&gt; templates in this table.</td>
+      <td>All the &lt;T&gt; requirements in this table.</td>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>operators&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        operators2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td>All the other &lt;T,U&gt; templates in this table, plus incrementable&lt;T&gt;
+        and decrementable&lt;T&gt;.</td>
+      <td><b>All</b> the &lt;T,U&gt; requirements in this table</a><a href="#portability">*</a>,
+      plus incrementable&lt;T&gt; and decrementable&lt;T&gt;.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <a name="less_than_comparable">
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>less_than_comparable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        less_than_comparable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>bool operator&gt;(const T&amp;, const T&amp;)&nbsp;<br>
+        bool operator&lt;=(const T&amp;, const T&amp;)<br>
+        bool operator&gt;=(const T&amp;, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t&lt;t1</code>. Return convertible to bool</td>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>less_than_comparable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        less_than_comparable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>bool operator&lt;=(const T&amp;, const U&amp;)<br>
+        bool operator&gt;=(const T&amp;, const U&amp;)<br>
+        bool operator&gt;(const U&amp;, const T&amp;)&nbsp;<br>
+        bool operator&lt;(const U&amp;, const T&amp;)&nbsp;<br>
+        bool operator&lt;=(const U&amp;, const T&amp;)<br>
+        bool operator&gt;=(const U&amp;, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t&lt;u</code>. Return convertible to bool<br>
+        <code>t&gt;u</code>. Return convertible to bool</td>
+    </tr>
+    </a><a name="equality_comparable">
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>equality_comparable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        equality_comparable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>bool operator!=(const T&amp;, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t==t1</code>. Return convertible to bool</td>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>equality_comparable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        equality_comparable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>friend bool operator==(const U&amp;, const T&amp;)<br>
+        friend bool operator!=(const U&amp;, const T&amp;)<br>
+        friend bool operator!=( const T&amp;, const U&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t==u</code>. Return convertible to bool</td>
+    </tr>
+    </a>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>addable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        addable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator+(T, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t+=t1</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>addable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        addable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator+(T, const U&amp;)<br>
+        T operator+(const U&amp;, T )</code></td>
+      <td><code>t+=u</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>subtractable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        subtractable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator-(T, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t-=t1</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>subtractable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        subtractable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator-(T, const U&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t-=u</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>multipliable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        multipliable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator*(T, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t*=t1</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>multipliable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        multipliable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator*(T, const U&amp;)<br>
+        T operator*(const U&amp;, T )</code></td>
+      <td><code>t*=u</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>dividable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        dividable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator/(T, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t/=t1</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>dividable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        dividable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator/(T, const U&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t/=u</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>modable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        modable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator%(T, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t%=t1</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>modable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        modable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator%(T, const U&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t%=u</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>orable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        orable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator|(T, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t|=t1</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>orable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        orable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator|(T, const U&amp;)<br>
+        T operator|(const U&amp;, T )</code></td>
+      <td><code>t|=u</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>andable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        andable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator&amp;(T, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t&amp;=t1</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>andable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        andable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator&amp;(T, const U&amp;)<br>
+        T operator&amp;(const U&amp;, T)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t&amp;=u</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>xorable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        xorable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator^(T, const T&amp;)</code></td>
+      <td><code>t^=t1</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>xorable&lt;T,U&gt;<br>
+        xorable2&lt;T,U&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator^(T, const U&amp;)<br>
+        T operator^(const U&amp;, T )</code></td>
+      <td><code>t^=u</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>incrementable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        incrementable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator++(T&amp; x, int)</code></td>
+      <td><code>T temp(x); ++x; return temp;</code><br>
+        Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>decrementable&lt;T&gt;<br>
+        decrementable1&lt;T&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>T operator--(T&amp; x, int)</code></td>
+      <td><code>T temp(x); --x; return temp;</code><br>
+        Return convertible to <code>T</code></td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+<br>
+<b><a name="portability">Portability Note:</a></b> many compilers (e.g. MSVC6.3,
+GCC 2.95.2) will not enforce the requirements in this table unless the
+operations which depend on them are actually used. This is not
+standard-conforming behavior. If you are trying to write portable code it is
+important not to rely on this bug. In particular, it would be convenient to
+derive all your classes which need binary operators from the <a href="#operators"><code>operators&lt;&gt;</code></a>
+and <a href="#operators"><code>operators2&lt;&gt;</code></a> templates,
+regardless of whether they implement all the requirements in the table. Even if
+this works with your compiler today, it may not work tomorrow.
+<h2><a name="chaining">Base Class Chaining</a> and Object Size</h2>
+<p>Every template listed in the table except <a href="#operators"><code>operators&lt;&gt;</code></a>
+and <a href="#operators"><code>operators2&lt;&gt;</code></a> has an additional
+optional template parameter <code>B</code>.&nbsp; If supplied, <code>B</code>
+must be a class type; the resulting class will be publicly derived from B. This
+can be used to avoid the object size bloat commonly associated with multiple
+empty base classes (see the <a href="#old_lib_note">note for users of older
+versions</a> below for more details). To provide support for several groups of
+operators, use the additional parameter to chain operator templates into a
+single-base class hierarchy, as in the following <a href="#usage">example</a>.</p>
+<p><b>Caveat:</b> to chain to a base class which is <i>not</i> a boost operator
+template when using the <a href="#two_arg">single-argument form</a><a> of a
+boost operator template, you must specify the operator template with the
+trailing <code>'1'</code> in its name. Otherwise the library will assume you
+mean to define a binary operation combining the class you intend to use as a
+base class and the class you're deriving.</p>
+<p><b>Borland users</b>: even single-inheritance seems to cause an increase in
+object size in some cases. If you are not defining a template, you may get
+better object-size performance by avoiding derivation altogether, and instead
+explicitly instantiating the operator template as follows:
+<pre>
+    class myclass // lose the inheritance...
+    {
+        //...
+    };
+    // explicitly instantiate the operators I need.
+    template class less_than_comparable&lt;myclass&gt;;
+    template class equality_comparable&lt;myclass&gt;;
+    template class incrementable&lt;myclass&gt;;
+    template class decrementable&lt;myclass&gt;;
+    template class addable&lt;myclass,long&gt;;
+    template class subtractable&lt;myclass,long&gt;;
+</pre>
+</a><a name="usage">
+<h2>Usage example</h2>
+</a>
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+class point    // note: private inheritance is OK here!
+    : boost::addable&lt; point&lt;T&gt;          // point + point
+    , boost::subtractable&lt; point&lt;T&gt;     // point - point
+    , boost::dividable2&lt; point&lt;T&gt;, T    // point / T
+    , boost::multipliable2&lt; point&lt;T&gt;, T // point * T, T * point
+      &gt; &gt; &gt; &gt;
+{
+public:
+    point(T, T);
+    T x() const;
+    T y() const;
+
+    point operator+=(const point&amp;);
+    // point operator+(point, const point&amp;) automatically
+    // generated by addable.
+
+    point operator-=(const point&amp;);
+    // point operator-(point, const point&amp;) automatically
+    // generated by subtractable.
+
+    point operator*=(T);
+    // point operator*(point, const T&amp;) and
+    // point operator*(const T&amp;, point) auto-generated
+    // by multipliable.
+
+    point operator/=(T);
+    // point operator/(point, const T&amp;) auto-generated
+    // by dividable.
+private:
+    T x_;
+    T y_;
+};
+
+// now use the point&lt;&gt; class:
+
+template &lt;class T&gt;
+T length(const point&lt;T&gt; p)
+{
+    return sqrt(p.x()*p.x() + p.y()*p.y());
+}
+
+const point&lt;float&gt; right(0, 1);
+const point&lt;float&gt; up(1, 0);
+const point&lt;float&gt; pi_over_4 = up + right;
+const point&lt;float&gt; pi_over_4_normalized = pi_over_4 / length(pi_over_4);</pre>
+<h2>Arithmetic operators demonstration and test program</h2>
+<p>The <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/operators_test.cpp">operators_test.cpp</a>
+program demonstrates the use of the arithmetic operator templates, and can also
+be used to verify correct operation.</p>
+<p>The test program has been compiled and run successfully with:&nbsp;</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>GCC 2.95.2
+  <li>GCC 2.95.2 / STLport 4.0b8.
+  <li>Metrowerks Codewarrior 5.3
+  <li>KAI C++ 3.3
+  <li>Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 SP3.
+  <li>Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 SP3 / STLport 4.0b8.</li>
+</ul>
+<h1><a name="deref and helpers">Dereference</a> operators and iterator helpers</h1>
+<p>The <a href="#Iterator helpers">iterator helper</a> templates ease the task
+of creating a custom iterator. Similar to arithmetic types, a complete iterator
+has many operators that are &quot;redundant&quot; and can be implemented in
+terms of the core set of operators.</p>
+<p>The <a href="#dereference">dereference operators</a> were motivated by the <a href="#Iterator helpers">iterator
+helpers</a>, but are often useful in non-iterator contexts as well. Many of the
+redundant iterator operators are also arithmetic operators, so the iterator
+helper classes borrow many of the operators defined above. In fact, only two new
+operators need to be defined! (the pointer-to-member <code>operator-&gt;</code>
+and the subscript <code>operator[]</code>). </PP>
+<h3>Notation</h3>
+<table>
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><code>T</code></td>
+      <td valign="top">is the user-defined type for which the operations are
+        being supplied.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><code>V</code></td>
+      <td valign="top">is the type which the resulting <code>dereferenceable</code>
+        type &quot;points to&quot;, or the <code>value_type</code> of the custom
+        iterator.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><code>D</code></td>
+      <td valign="top">is the type used to index the resulting <code>indexable</code>
+        type or the <code>difference_type</code> of the custom iterator.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><code>P</code></td>
+      <td valign="top">is a type which can be dereferenced to access <code>V</code>,
+        or the <code>pointer</code> type of the custom iterator.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><code>R</code></td>
+      <td valign="top">is the type returned by indexing the <code>indexable</code>
+        type or the <code>reference</code> type of the custom iterator.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><code>i</code></td>
+      <td valign="top">is short for <code>static_cast&lt;const T&amp;&gt;(*this)</code>,
+        where <code>this</code> is a pointer to the helper class.<br>
+        Another words, <code>i</code> should be an object of the custom iterator
+        type.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><code>x,x1,x2</code></td>
+      <td valign="top">are objects of type <code>T</code>.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td valign="top"><code>n</code></td>
+      <td valign="top">is an object of type <code>D</code>.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+<p>The requirements for the types used to instantiate the dereference operators
+and iterator helpers are specified in terms of expressions which must be valid
+and their return type.&nbsp;</p>
+<h2><a name="dereference">Dereference operators</a></h2>
+<p>The dereference operator templates in this table all accept an optional
+template parameter (not shown) to be used for <a href="#chaining">base class
+chaining</a>.
+<table cellpadding="5" border="1">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td><b>template</b></td>
+      <td><b>template will supply</b></td>
+      <td><b>Requirements</b></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>dereferenceable&lt;T,P&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>P operator-&gt;() const</code></td>
+      <td><code>(&amp;*i.)</code>. Return convertible to <code>P</code>.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>indexable&lt;T,D,R&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>R operator[](D n) const</code></td>
+      <td><code>*(i + n)</code>. Return of type <code>R</code>.</td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+<h2><a name="Iterator helpers">Iterator</a> helpers</h2>
+<p>There are three separate iterator helper classes, each for a different
+category of iterator. Here is a summary of the core set of operators that the
+custom iterator must define, and the extra operators that are created by the
+helper classes. For convenience, the helper classes also fill in all of the
+typedef's required of iterators by the C++ standard (<code>iterator_category</code>,
+<code>value_type</code>, etc.).</p>
+<table cellpadding="5" border="1" valign="top">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td><b>template</b></td>
+      <td><b>template will supply</b></td>
+      <td><b>Requirements</b></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>forward_iterator_helper</code><br>
+        <code>&lt;T,V,D,P,R&gt;</code></td>
+      <td><code>bool operator!=(const T&amp; x1, const T&amp; x2)</code><br>
+        <code>T operator++(T&amp; x, int)</code><br>
+        <code>V* operator-&gt;() const</code><br>
+      </td>
+      <td><code>x1==x2</code>. Return convertible to bool<br>
+        <code>T temp(x); ++x; return temp;</code><br>
+        <code>(&amp;*i.)</code>. Return convertible to <code>V*</code>.</td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>bidirectional_iterator_helper</code><br>
+        <code>&lt;T,V,D,P,R&gt;</code></td>
+      <td>Same as above, plus<br>
+        <code>T operator--(T&amp; x, int)</code></td>
+      <td>Same as above, plus<br>
+        <code>T temp(x); --x; return temp;</code></td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td><code>random_access_iterator_helper</code><br>
+        <code>&lt;T,V,D,P,R&gt;</code></td>
+      <td>Same as above, plus<br>
+        <code>T operator+(T x, const D&amp;)<br>
+        T operator+(const D&amp; n, T x)<br>
+        T operator-(T x, const D&amp; n)<br>
+        R operator[](D n) const<br>
+        bool operator&gt;(const T&amp; x1, const T&amp; x2)&nbsp;<br>
+        bool operator&lt;=(const T&amp; x1, const T&amp; x2)<br>
+        bool operator&gt;=(const T&amp; x1, const T&amp; x2)</code></td>
+      <td>Same as above, plus<br>
+        <code>x+=n</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code><br>
+        <code>x-=n</code>. Return convertible to <code>T</code><br>
+        <code>x1&lt;x2</code>. Return convertible to bool<br>
+        And to satisfy <a href="http://www.sgi.com/Technology/STL/RandomAccessIterator.html">RandomAccessIterator</a>:<br>
+        <code>x1-x2</code>. Return convertible to <code>D</code></td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+<h2>Iterator demonstration and test program</h2>
+<p>The <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/iterators_test.cpp">iterators_test.cpp</a>
+program demonstrates the use of the iterator templates, and can also be used to
+verify correct operation. The following is the custom iterator defined in the
+test program. It demonstrates a correct (though trivial) implementation of the
+core operations that must be defined in order for the iterator helpers to
+&quot;fill in&quot; the rest of the iterator operations.</p>
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>template &lt;class T, class R, class P&gt;
+struct test_iter
+  : public boost::random_access_iterator_helper&lt;
+     test_iter&lt;T,R,P&gt;, T, std::ptrdiff_t, P, R&gt;
+{
+  typedef test_iter self;
+  typedef R Reference;
+  typedef std::ptrdiff_t Distance;
+
+public:
+  test_iter(T* i) : _i(i) { }
+  test_iter(const self&amp; x) : _i(x._i) { }
+  self&amp; operator=(const self&amp; x) { _i = x._i; return *this; }
+  Reference operator*() const { return *_i; }
+  self&amp; operator++() { ++_i; return *this; }
+  self&amp; operator--() { --_i; return *this; }
+  self&amp; operator+=(Distance n) { _i += n; return *this; }
+  self&amp; operator-=(Distance n) { _i -= n; return *this; }
+  bool operator==(const self&amp; x) const { return _i == x._i; }
+  bool operator&lt;(const self&amp; x) const { return _i &lt; x._i; }
+  friend Distance operator-(const self&amp; x, const self&amp; y) {
+    return x._i - y._i; 
+  }
+protected:
+  T* _i;
+};</pre>
+</blockquote>
+<p>It has been compiled and run successfully with:</p>
+<ul>
+  <li>GCC 2.95.2
+  <li>Metrowerks Codewarrior 5.2
+  <li>Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 SP3</li>
+</ul>
+<p><a href="http://www.boost.org/people/jeremy_siek.htm">Jeremy Siek</a>
+contributed the iterator operators and helpers.&nbsp; He also contributed <a href="http://www.boost.org/libs/utility/iterators_test.cpp">iterators_test.cpp</a>.&nbsp;</p>
+<hr>
+<h2><a name="old_lib_note">Note for users of older versions</a></h2>
+<p>The <a href="#chaining">changes in the library interface and recommended
+usage</a> were motivated by some practical issues described below. The new
+version of the library is still backward-compatible with the former one (so
+you're not <i>forced</i> change any existing code), but the old usage is
+deprecated. Though it was arguably simpler and more intuitive than using <a href="#chaining">base
+class chaining</a>, it has been discovered that the old practice of deriving
+from multiple operator templates can cause the resulting classes to be much
+larger than they should be. Most modern C++ compilers significantly bloat the
+size of classes derived from multiple empty base classes, even though the base
+classes themselves have no state. For instance, the size of <code>point&lt;int&gt;</code>
+from the <a href="#usage">example</a> above was 12-24 bytes on various compilers
+for the Win32 platform, instead of the expected 8 bytes.
+<p>Strictly speaking, it was not the library's fault - the language rules allow
+the compiler to apply the empty base class optimization in that situation. In
+principle an arbitrary number of empty base classes can be allocated at the same
+offset, provided that none of them have a common ancestor (see section 10.5 [class.derived],
+par. 5 of the standard). But the language definition also doesn't <i>require</i>
+implementations to do the optimization, and few if any of today's compilers
+implement it when multiple inheritance is involved. What's worse, it is very
+unlikely that implementors will adopt it as a future enhancement to existing
+compilers, because it would break binary compatibility between code generated by
+two different versions of the same compiler. As Matt Austern said, &quot;One of
+the few times when you have the freedom to do this sort of thing is when you're
+targeting a new architecture...&quot;. On the other hand, many common compilers
+will use the empty base optimization for single inheritance hierarchies.</p>
+<p>Given the importance of the issue for the users of the library (which aims to
+be useful for writing light-weight classes like <code>MyInt</code> or <code>point&lt;&gt;</code>),
+and the forces described above, we decided to change the library interface so
+that the object size bloat could be eliminated even on compilers that support
+only the simplest form of the empty base class optimization. The current library
+interface is the result of those changes. Though the new usage is a bit more
+complicated than the old one, we think it's worth it to make the library more
+useful in real world. Alexy Gurtovoy contributed the code which supports the new
+usage idiom while allowing the library remain backward-compatible.</p>
+<hr>
+<p>Revised <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %b %Y" startspan -->10 Feb 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="14373" --></p>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright David Abrahams and Beman Dawes 1999-2000. Permission to copy,
+use, modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this
+copyright notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &quot;as
+is&quot; without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its
+suitability for any purpose.</p>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
--- a/projection_iterator.htm
+++ b/projection_iterator.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+<title>Projection Iterator Adaptor Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+
+<img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+align="center" width="277" height="86">
+
+<h1>Projection Iterator Adaptor</h1>
+
+Defined in header
+<a href="../../boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp">boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp</a>
+
+<p>
+The projection iterator adaptor is similar to the <a
+href="./transform_iterator.htm">transform iterator adaptor</a> in that
+its <tt>operator*()</tt> applies some function to the result of
+dereferencing the base iterator and then returns the result. The
+difference is that the function must return a reference to some
+existing object (for example, a data member within the
+<tt>value_type</tt> of the base iterator). The following
+<b>pseudo-code</b> gives the basic idea. The data member <tt>p</tt> is
+the function object.
+
+<pre>
+  reference projection_iterator::operator*() const {
+    return this->p(*this->base_iterator);
+  }
+</pre>
+
+<h2>Synopsis</h2>
+
+<pre>
+namespace boost {
+  template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, class BaseIterator&gt;
+  struct projection_iterator_generator;
+  
+  template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, 
+            class BaseIterator, class ConstBaseIterator&gt;
+  struct projection_iterator_pair_generator;
+
+  template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, class BaseIterator&gt;
+  typename projection_iterator_generator&lt;AdaptableUnaryFunction, BaseIterator&gt;::type
+  make_projection_iterator(BaseIterator base,
+			   const AdaptableUnaryFunction& p = AdaptableUnaryFunction())
+
+  template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, class ConstBaseIterator&gt;
+  typename projection_iterator_generator&lt;AdaptableUnaryFunction, ConstBaseIterator&gt;::type
+  make_const_projection_iterator(ConstBaseIterator base,
+                                 const AdaptableUnaryFunction& p = AdaptableUnaryFunction())  
+}
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+
+<h2><a name="projection_iterator_generator">The Projection Iterator Type
+Generator</a></h2>
+
+The class <tt>projection_iterator_generator</tt> is a helper class
+whose purpose is to construct an projection iterator type.  The main
+template parameter for this class is the <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html"><tt>AdaptableUnaryFunction</tt></a>
+function object type and the <tt>BaseIterator</tt> type that is being
+wrapped.
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, class BaseIterator&gt;
+class projection_iterator_generator
+{
+public:
+  typedef <tt><a href="./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt...&gt;</tt> type; // the resulting projection iterator type 
+};
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+In the following example we have a list of personnel records. Each
+record has an employee's name and ID number. We want to be able to
+traverse through the list accessing either the name or the ID numbers
+of the employees using the projection iterator so we create the
+function object classes <tt>select_name</tt> and
+<tt>select_ID</tt>. We then use the
+<tt>projection_iterator_generator</tt> class to create a projection
+iterator and use it to print out the names of the employees.
+
+<pre>
+#include &lt;boost/config.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;list&gt;
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;iterator&gt;
+#include &lt;algorithm&gt;
+#include &lt;string&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp&gt;
+
+struct personnel_record {
+  personnel_record(std::string n, int id) : m_name(n), m_ID(id) { }
+  std::string m_name;
+  int m_ID;
+};
+
+struct select_name {
+  typedef personnel_record argument_type;
+  typedef std::string result_type;
+  const std::string&amp; operator()(const personnel_record&amp; r) const {
+    return r.m_name;
+  }
+  std::string&amp; operator()(personnel_record&amp; r) const {
+    return r.m_name;
+  }
+};
+
+struct select_ID {
+  typedef personnel_record argument_type;
+  typedef int result_type;
+  const int&amp; operator()(const personnel_record&amp; r) const {
+    return r.m_ID;
+  }
+  int&amp; operator()(personnel_record&amp; r) const {
+    return r.m_ID;
+  }
+};
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  std::list&lt;personnel_record&gt; personnel_list;
+
+  personnel_list.push_back(personnel_record("Barney", 13423));
+  personnel_list.push_back(personnel_record("Fred", 12343));
+  personnel_list.push_back(personnel_record("Wilma", 62454));
+  personnel_list.push_back(personnel_record("Betty", 20490));
+
+  // Example of using projection_iterator_generator
+  // to print out the names in the personnel list.
+
+  boost::projection_iterator_generator&lt;select_name,
+    std::list&lt;personnel_record&gt;::iterator&gt;::type
+    personnel_first(personnel_list.begin()),
+    personnel_last(personnel_list.end());
+
+  std::copy(personnel_first, personnel_last,
+            std::ostream_iterator&lt;std::string&gt;(std::cout, "\n"));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+  // to be continued...
+</pre>
+The output for this part is:
+<pre>
+Barney
+Fred
+Wilma
+Betty
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>Parameter</TH><TH>Description</TH>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html"><tt>AdaptableUnaryFunction</tt></a></TD>
+<TD>The type of the function object. The <tt>argument_type</tt> of the
+function must match the value type of the base iterator. The function
+should return a reference to the function's <tt>result_type</tt>.
+The <tt>result_type</tt> will be the resulting iterator's <tt>value_type</tt>.
+</TD>
+</TD>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>BaseIterator</tt></TD>
+<TD>The iterator type being wrapped.</TD>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+</Table>
+
+<h3>Model of</h3>
+
+If the base iterator is a model of <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+Access Iterator</a> then so is the resulting projection iterator.  If
+the base iterator supports less functionality than this the resulting
+projection iterator will also support less functionality.
+
+<h3>Members</h3>
+
+The projection iterator type implements the member functions and
+operators required of the <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+Access Iterator</a> concept.
+In addition it has the following constructor:
+
+<pre>
+projection_iterator_generator::type(const BaseIterator&amp; it,
+                                    const AdaptableUnaryFunction&amp; p = AdaptableUnaryFunction())
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+
+<h2><a name="projection_iterator_pair_generator">The Projection Iterator Pair
+Generator</a></h2>
+
+Sometimes a mutable/const pair of iterator types is needed, such as
+when implementing a container type. The
+<tt>projection_iterator_pair_generator</tt> class makes it more
+convenient to create this pair of iterator types.
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, class BaseIterator, class ConstBaseIterator&gt;
+class projection_iterator_pair_generator
+{
+public:
+  typedef <tt><a href="./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt...&gt;</tt> iterator;       // the mutable projection iterator type 
+  typedef <tt><a href="./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt...&gt;</tt> const_iterator; // the immutable projection iterator type 
+};
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+In this part of the example we use the
+<tt>projection_iterator_pair_generator</tt> to create a mutable/const
+pair of projection iterators that access the ID numbers of the
+personnel. We use the mutable iterator to re-index the ID numbers from
+zero. We then use the constant iterator to print the ID numbers out.
+
+<pre>
+  // continuing from the last example...
+
+  typedef boost::projection_iterator_pair_generator&lt;select_ID,
+    std::list&lt;personnel_record&gt;::iterator,
+    std::list&lt;personnel_record&gt;::const_iterator&gt; PairGen;
+
+  PairGen::iterator ID_first(personnel_list.begin()),
+    ID_last(personnel_list.end());
+
+  int new_id = 0;
+  while (ID_first != ID_last) {
+    *ID_first = new_id++;
+    ++ID_first;
+  }
+
+  PairGen::const_iterator const_ID_first(personnel_list.begin()),
+    const_ID_last(personnel_list.end());
+
+  std::copy(const_ID_first, const_ID_last,
+            std::ostream_iterator&lt;int&gt;(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  
+  // to be continued...
+</pre&gt;
+The output is:
+<pre>
+0 1 2 3 
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>Parameter</TH><TH>Description</TH>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html"><tt>AdaptableUnaryFunction</tt></a></TD>
+<TD>The type of the function object. The <tt>argument_type</tt> of the
+function must match the value type of the base iterator. The function
+should return a true reference to the function's <tt>result_type</tt>.
+The <tt>result_type</tt> will be the resulting iterator's <tt>value_type</tt>.
+</TD>
+</TD>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>BaseIterator</tt></TD>
+<TD>The mutable iterator type being wrapped.</TD>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>ConstBaseIterator</tt></TD>
+<TD>The constant iterator type being wrapped.</TD>
+</TD>
+</TR>
+
+</Table>
+
+<h3>Model of</h3>
+
+If the base iterator types model the <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+Access Iterator</a> then so do the resulting projection iterator
+types.  If the base iterators support less functionality the
+resulting projection iterator types will also support less
+functionality.  The resulting <tt>iterator</tt> type is mutable, and
+the resulting <tt>const_iterator</tt> type is constant.
+
+<h3>Members</h3>
+
+The resulting <tt>iterator</tt> and <tt>const_iterator</tt> types
+implements the member functions and operators required of the <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random
+Access Iterator</a> concept.  In addition they support the following
+constructors:
+
+<pre>
+projection_iterator_pair_generator::iterator(const BaseIterator&amp; it,
+                                             const AdaptableUnaryFunction&amp; p = AdaptableUnaryFunction())</pre>
+
+<pre>
+projection_iterator_pair_generator::const_iterator(const BaseIterator&amp; it,
+                                                   const AdaptableUnaryFunction&amp; p = AdaptableUnaryFunction())
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+
+<h2><a name="make_projection_iterator">The Projection Iterator Object Generators</a></h2>
+
+The <tt>make_projection_iterator()</tt> and
+<tt>make_const_projection_iterator()</tt> functions provide a more
+convenient way to create projection iterator objects. The functions
+save the user the trouble of explicitly writing out the iterator
+types.
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, class BaseIterator&gt;
+typename projection_iterator_generator&lt;AdaptableUnaryFunction, BaseIterator&gt;::type
+make_projection_iterator(BaseIterator base,
+			 const AdaptableUnaryFunction& p = AdaptableUnaryFunction())  
+
+template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, class ConstBaseIterator&gt;
+typename projection_iterator_generator&lt;AdaptableUnaryFunction, ConstBaseIterator&gt;::type
+make_const_projection_iterator(ConstBaseIterator base,
+			       const AdaptableUnaryFunction& p = AdaptableUnaryFunction())  
+</pre>
+
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+In this part of the example, we again print out the names of the
+personnel, but this time we use the
+<tt>make_const_projection_iterator()</tt> function to save some typing.
+
+<pre>
+  // continuing from the last example...
+
+  std::copy
+    (boost::make_const_projection_iterator&lt;select_name&gt;(personnel_list.begin()),
+     boost::make_const_projection_iterator&lt;select_name&gt;(personnel_list.end()),
+     std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, "\n"));
+
+  return 0;
+}
+</pre>
+The output is:
+<pre>
+Barney
+Fred
+Wilma
+Betty
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+<p>Revised <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %b %Y" startspan -->08 Mar 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="14892" --></p>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use,
+modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &quot;as is&quot;
+without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+any purpose.</p>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
+<!--  LocalWords:  html charset alt gif hpp BaseIterator const namespace struct
+ -->
+<!--  LocalWords:  ConstPointer ConstReference typename iostream int abcdefg
+ -->
+<!--  LocalWords:  sizeof  PairGen pre Siek htm AdaptableUnaryFunction
+ -->
+<!--  LocalWords:  ConstBaseIterator
+ -->
--- a/projection_iterator_example.cpp
+++ b/projection_iterator_example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+// distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+// in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+// warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <list>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+
+struct personnel_record {
+  personnel_record(std::string n, int id) : m_name(n), m_ID(id) { }
+  std::string m_name;
+  int m_ID;
+};
+
+struct select_name {
+  typedef personnel_record argument_type;
+  typedef std::string result_type;
+  const std::string& operator()(const personnel_record& r) const {
+    return r.m_name;
+  }
+  std::string& operator()(personnel_record& r) const {
+    return r.m_name;
+  }
+};
+
+struct select_ID {
+  typedef personnel_record argument_type;
+  typedef int result_type;
+  const int& operator()(const personnel_record& r) const {
+    return r.m_ID;
+  }
+  int& operator()(personnel_record& r) const {
+    return r.m_ID;
+  }
+};
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  std::list<personnel_record> personnel_list;
+
+  personnel_list.push_back(personnel_record("Barney", 13423));
+  personnel_list.push_back(personnel_record("Fred", 12343));
+  personnel_list.push_back(personnel_record("Wilma", 62454));
+  personnel_list.push_back(personnel_record("Betty", 20490));
+
+  // Example of using projection_iterator_generator
+  // to print out the names in the personnel list.
+
+  boost::projection_iterator_generator<select_name,
+    std::list<personnel_record>::iterator>::type
+    personnel_first(personnel_list.begin()),
+    personnel_last(personnel_list.end());
+
+  std::copy(personnel_first, personnel_last,
+            std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, "\n"));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  
+  // Example of using projection_iterator_pair_generator
+  // to assign new ID numbers to the personnel.
+  
+  typedef boost::projection_iterator_pair_generator<select_ID,
+    std::list<personnel_record>::iterator,
+    std::list<personnel_record>::const_iterator> PairGen;
+
+  PairGen::iterator ID_first(personnel_list.begin()),
+    ID_last(personnel_list.end());
+
+  int new_id = 0;
+  while (ID_first != ID_last) {
+    *ID_first = new_id++;
+    ++ID_first;
+  }
+
+  PairGen::const_iterator const_ID_first(personnel_list.begin()),
+    const_ID_last(personnel_list.end());
+
+  std::copy(const_ID_first, const_ID_last,
+            std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  
+  // Example of using make_const_projection_iterator()
+  // to print out the names in the personnel list again.
+  
+  std::copy
+    (boost::make_const_projection_iterator<select_name>(personnel_list.begin()),
+     boost::make_const_projection_iterator<select_name>(personnel_list.end()),
+     std::ostream_iterator<std::string>(std::cout, "\n"));
+
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/reverse_iterator.htm
+++ b/reverse_iterator.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
+
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy, see www.w3.org">
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+    <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+    <meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+
+    <title>Reverse Iterator Adaptor Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+    <img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align=
+    "center" width="277" height="86"> 
+
+    <h1>Reverse Iterator Adaptor</h1>
+    Defined in header <a href=
+    "../../boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp">boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp</a> 
+
+    <p>The reverse iterator adaptor flips the direction of a base iterator's
+    motion. Invoking <tt>operator++()</tt> moves the base iterator backward and
+    invoking <tt>operator--()</tt> moves the base iterator forward. The Boost
+    reverse iterator adaptor is better to use than the
+    <tt>std::reverse_iterator</tt> class in situations where pairs of
+    mutable/constant iterators are needed (e.g., in containers) because
+    comparisons and conversions between the mutable and const versions are
+    implemented correctly.
+
+    <h2>Synopsis</h2>
+<pre>
+namespace boost {
+  template &lt;class <a href=
+"http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/BidirectionalIterator.html">BidirectionalIterator</a>,
+            class Value, class Reference, class Pointer, class Category, class Distance&gt;
+  struct reverse_iterator_generator;
+  
+  template &lt;class <a href=
+"http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/BidirectionalIterator.html">BidirectionalIterator</a>&gt;
+  typename reverse_iterator_generator&lt;BidirectionalIterator&gt;::type
+  make_reverse_iterator(BidirectionalIterator base)  
+}
+</pre>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="reverse_iterator_generator">The Reverse Iterator Type
+    Generator</a></h2>
+    The <tt>reverse_iterator_generator</tt> template is a <a href=
+    "../../more/generic_programming.html#type_generator">generator</a> of
+    reverse iterator types. The main template parameter for this class is the
+    base <tt>BidirectionalIterator</tt> type that is being adapted. In most
+    cases the associated types of the base iterator can be deduced using
+    <tt>std::iterator_traits</tt>, but in some situations the user may want to
+    override these types, so there are also template parameters for the base
+    iterator's associated types. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+template &lt;class <a href=
+"http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/BidirectionalIterator.html">BidirectionalIterator</a>,
+          class Value, class Reference, class Pointer, class Category, class Distance&gt;
+class reverse_iterator_generator
+{
+public:
+  typedef <tt><a href=
+"./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt;...&gt;</tt> type; // the resulting reverse iterator type 
+};
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h3>Example</h3>
+    In this example we sort a sequence of letters and then output the sequence
+    in descending order using reverse iterators. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+#include &lt;boost/config.hpp&gt;
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;algorithm&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp&gt;
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  char letters[] = "hello world!";
+  const int N = sizeof(letters)/sizeof(char) - 1;
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; "original sequence of letters:\t"
+      &lt;&lt; letters &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+  std::sort(letters, letters + N);
+
+  // Use reverse_iterator_generator to print a sequence
+  // of letters in reverse order.
+  
+  boost::reverse_iterator_generator&lt;char*&gt;::type
+    reverse_letters_first(letters + N),
+    reverse_letters_last(letters);
+
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; "letters in descending order:\t";
+  std::copy(reverse_letters_first, reverse_letters_last,
+      std::ostream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(std::cout));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+  // to be continued...
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    The output is: 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+original sequence of letters: hello world!
+letters in descending order:  wroolllhed! 
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+    <table border>
+      <tr>
+        <th>Parameter
+
+        <th>Description
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt><a href=
+        "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/BidirectionalIterator.html">BidirectionalIterator</a></tt>
+        
+
+        <td>The iterator type being wrapped.
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Value</tt> 
+
+        <td>The value-type of the base iterator and the resulting reverse
+        iterator.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b><tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BidirectionalIterator&gt;::value_type</tt>
+        
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Reference</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>reference</tt> type of the resulting iterator, and in
+        particular, the result type of <tt>operator*()</tt>.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b> If <tt>Value</tt> is supplied, <tt>Value&amp;</tt> is
+        used. Otherwise
+        <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BidirectionalIterator&gt;::reference</tt>
+        is used.
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Pointer</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>pointer</tt> type of the resulting iterator, and in
+        particular, the result type of <tt>operator-&gt;()</tt>.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b> If <tt>Value</tt> was supplied, then <tt>Value*</tt>,
+        otherwise
+        <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BidirectionalIterator&gt;::pointer</tt>.
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Category</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>iterator_category</tt> type for the resulting iterator.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b>
+        <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BidirectionalIterator&gt;::iterator_category</tt>
+        
+
+      <tr>
+        <td><tt>Distance</tt> 
+
+        <td>The <tt>difference_type</tt> for the resulting iterator.<br>
+         <b>Default:</b>
+        <tt>std::iterator_traits&lt;BidirectionalIterator&amp;gt::difference_type</tt>
+        
+    </table>
+
+    <h3>Concept Model</h3>
+    The indirect iterator will model whichever <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/Iterators.html">standard iterator concept
+    category</a> is modeled by the base iterator. Thus, if the base iterator is
+    a model of <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random Access
+    Iterator</a> then so is the resulting indirect iterator. If the base
+    iterator models a more restrictive concept, the resulting indirect iterator
+    will model the same concept. The base iterator must be at least a <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/BidirectionalIterator.html">Bidirectional
+    Iterator</a> 
+
+    <h3>Members</h3>
+    The reverse iterator type implements the member functions and operators
+    required of the <a href=
+    "http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random Access
+    Iterator</a> concept. In addition it has the following constructor: 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+reverse_iterator_generator::type(const BidirectionalIterator&amp; it)
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+
+    <br>
+     <br>
+     
+    <hr>
+
+    <p>
+
+    <h2><a name="make_reverse_iterator">The Reverse Iterator Object
+    Generator</a></h2>
+    The <tt>make_reverse_iterator()</tt> function provides a more convenient
+    way to create reverse iterator objects. The function saves the user the
+    trouble of explicitly writing out the iterator types. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+template &lt;class BidirectionalIterator&gt;
+typename reverse_iterator_generator&lt;BidirectionalIterator&gt;::type
+make_reverse_iterator(BidirectionalIterator base);
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+
+    <h3>Example</h3>
+    In this part of the example we use <tt>make_reverse_iterator()</tt> to
+    print the sequence of letters in reverse-reverse order, which is the
+    original order. 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+  // continuing from the previous example...
+
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; "letters in ascending order:\t";
+  std::copy(boost::make_reverse_iterator(reverse_letters_last),
+      boost::make_reverse_iterator(reverse_letters_first),
+      std::ostream_iterator&lt;char&gt;(std::cout));
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    The output is: 
+
+    <blockquote>
+<pre>
+letters in ascending order:  !dehllloorw
+</pre>
+    </blockquote>
+    <hr>
+
+    <h2><a name="interactions">Constant/Mutable Iterator Interactions</a></h2>
+
+    <p>One failing of the standard <tt><a
+    href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ReverseIterator.html">reverse_iterator</a></tt>
+    adaptor is that it doesn't properly support interactions between adapted
+    <tt>const</tt> and non-<tt>const</tt> iterators. For example:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+#include &lt;vector&gt;
+
+template &lt;class T&gt; void convert(T x) {}
+
+// Test interactions of a matched pair of random access iterators
+template &lt;class Iterator, class ConstIterator&gt;
+void test_interactions(Iterator i, ConstIterator ci)
+{
+  bool eq = i == ci;               // comparisons
+  bool ne = i != ci;            
+  bool lt = i &lt; ci;
+  bool le = i &lt;= ci;
+  bool gt = i &gt; ci;
+  bool ge = i &gt;= ci;
+  std::size_t distance = i - ci;   // difference
+  ci = i;                          // assignment
+  ConstIterator ci2(i);            // construction
+  convert&lt;ConstIterator&gt;(i);       // implicit conversion
+}
+
+void f()
+{
+  typedef std::vector&lt;int&gt; vec;
+  vec v;
+  const vec&amp; cv;
+
+  test_interactions(v.begin(), cv.begin());   // <font color="#007F00">OK</font>
+  test_interactions(v.rbegin(), cv.rbegin()); // <font color="#FF0000">ERRORS ON EVERY TEST!!</font>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+Reverse iterators created with <tt>boost::reverse_iterator_generator</tt> don't have this problem, though:
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+  typedef boost::reverse_iterator_generator&lt;vec::iterator&gt;::type ri;
+  typedef boost::reverse_iterator_generator&lt;vec::const_iterator&gt;::type cri;
+  test_interactions(ri(v.begin()), cri(cv.begin()));   // <font color="#007F00">OK!!</font>
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+Or, more simply,
+<blockquote>
+<pre>
+  test_interactions(
+    boost::make_reverse_iterator(v.begin()), 
+    boost::make_reverse_iterator(cv.begin()));   // <font color="#007F00">OK!!</font>
+}
+</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>If you are wondering why there is no
+<tt>reverse_iterator_pair_generator</tt> in the manner of <tt><a
+href="projection_iterator.htm#projection_iterator_pair_generator">projection_iterator_pair_generator</a></tt>,
+the answer is simple: we tried it, but found that in practice it took
+<i>more</i> typing to use <tt>reverse_iterator_pair_generator</tt> than to
+simply use <tt>reverse_iterator_generator</tt> twice!<br><br>
+
+<hr>
+
+    
+    <p>Revised 
+    <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %b %Y" startspan -->08 Mar 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="14892" -->
+
+
+    <p>&copy; Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell
+    and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright notice
+    appears in all copies. This document is provided "as is" without express or
+    implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose. 
+    <!--  LocalWords:  html charset alt gif hpp BidirectionalIterator const namespace struct
+         -->
+     
+    <!--  LocalWords:  ConstPointer ConstReference typename iostream int abcdefg
+         -->
+     <!--  LocalWords:  sizeof  PairGen pre Siek wroolllhed dehllloorw
+         -->
+</body>
+</html>
+
--- a/reverse_iterator_example.cpp
+++ b/reverse_iterator_example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+// distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+// in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+// warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+
+int main(int, char*[])
+{
+  char letters[] = "hello world!";
+  const int N = sizeof(letters)/sizeof(char) - 1;
+  std::cout << "original sequence of letters:\t"
+	    << letters << std::endl;
+
+  std::sort(letters, letters + N);
+
+  // Use reverse_iterator_generator to print a sequence
+  // of letters in reverse order.
+  
+  boost::reverse_iterator_generator<char*>::type
+    reverse_letters_first(letters + N),
+    reverse_letters_last(letters);
+
+  std::cout << "letters in descending order:\t";
+  std::copy(reverse_letters_first, reverse_letters_last,
+	    std::ostream_iterator<char>(std::cout));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+  // Use make_reverse_iterator() to print the sequence
+  // of letters in reverse-reverse order.
+
+  std::cout << "letters in ascending order:\t";
+  std::copy(boost::make_reverse_iterator(reverse_letters_last),
+	    boost::make_reverse_iterator(reverse_letters_first),
+	    std::ostream_iterator<char>(std::cout));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/tie.html
+++ b/tie.html
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<HTML>
+<!--
+  -- Copyright (c) Jeremy Siek, Lie-Quan Lee, and Andrew Lumsdaine  2000
+  --
+  -- Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software
+  -- and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee,
+  -- provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies and
+  -- that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear
+  -- in supporting documentation.  We make no
+  -- representations about the suitability of this software for any
+  -- purpose.  It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
+  -->
+<Head>
+<Title>Boost Tie</Title>
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#ffffff" LINK="#0000ee" TEXT="#000000" VLINK="#551a8b" 
+	ALINK="#ff0000"> 
+<IMG SRC="../../c++boost.gif" 
+     ALT="C++ Boost" width="277" height="86"> 
+
+<BR Clear>
+
+<H1><A NAME="sec:tie"></A>
+<TT>tie</TT>
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+<PRE>
+template &lt;class A, class B&gt;
+tied&lt;A,B&gt; tie(A&amp; a, B&amp; b);
+</PRE>
+
+<P>
+This is a utility function that makes it more convenient to work with
+a function which returns a std::pair&lt;&gt;. The effect of the <TT>tie()</TT>
+function is to allow the assignment of the two values of the pair to
+two separate variables. The idea for this comes from Jaakko
+J&#228;rvi's Binders&nbsp;[<A
+HREF="../graph/doc/bibliography.html#jaakko_tuple_assign">1</A>].
+
+<P>
+
+<H3>Where Defined</H3>
+
+<P>
+<a href="../../boost/utility.hpp"><TT>boost/utility.hpp</TT></a>
+
+<P>
+
+<H3>Example</H3>
+
+<P>
+An example of using the <TT>tie()</TT> function with the
+<TT>vertices()</TT> function, which returns a pair of
+type <TT>std::pair&lt;vertex_iterator,vertex_iterator&gt;</TT>.  The
+pair of iterators is assigned to the iterator variables <TT>i</TT> and
+<TT>end</TT>.
+
+<P>
+<PRE>
+  graph_traits&lt; adjacency_list&lt;&gt; &gt;::vertex_iterator i, end;
+  for(tie(i,end) = vertices(G); i != end; ++i)
+    // ...
+</PRE>
+
+<P>
+Here is another example that uses <TT>tie()</TT> for handling operations with <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/set.html"><TT>std::set</TT></a>.
+
+<P>
+<PRE>
+#include &lt;set&gt;
+#include &lt;algorithm&gt;
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/utility.hpp&gt;
+
+int
+main(int, char*[])
+{
+  {
+    typedef std::set&lt;int&gt; SetT;
+    SetT::iterator i, end;
+    bool inserted;
+    
+    int vals[5] = { 5, 2, 4, 9, 1 };
+    SetT s(vals, vals + 5);
+    
+    // Using tie() with a return value of pair&lt;iterator,bool&gt;
+
+    int new_vals[2] = { 3, 9 };
+
+    for (int k = 0; k &lt; 2; ++k) {
+      boost::tie(i,inserted) = s.insert(new_vals[k]);
+      if (!inserted)
+        std::cout &lt;&lt; *i &lt;&lt; &quot; was already in the set.&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+      else
+        std::cout &lt;&lt; *i &lt;&lt; &quot; successfully inserted.&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;    
+    }
+  }    
+  {
+    int* i, *end;
+    int vals[6] = { 5, 2, 4, 4, 9, 1 };
+    std::sort(vals, vals + 6);
+
+    // Using tie() with a return value of pair&lt;iterator,iterator&gt;
+
+    boost::tie(i,end) = std::equal_range(vals, vals + 6, 4);
+    std::cout &lt;&lt; &quot;There were &quot; &lt;&lt; std::distance(i,end)
+              &lt;&lt; &quot; occurrences of &quot; &lt;&lt; *i &lt;&lt; &quot;.&quot; &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+    // Footnote: of course one would normally just use std::count()
+    // to get this information, but that would spoil the example :)
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+</PRE>
+The output is:
+<PRE>
+  3 successfully inserted.
+  9 was already in the set.
+  There were 2 occurrences of 4.
+</PRE>
+
+<br>
+<HR>
+<TABLE>
+<TR valign=top>
+<TD nowrap>Copyright &copy 2000</TD><TD>
+<A HREF=http://www.boost.org/people/jeremy_siek.htm>Jeremy Siek</A>,
+Univ.of Notre Dame (<A
+HREF="mailto:jsiek@lsc.nd.edu">jsiek@lsc.nd.edu</A>)<br>
+<A HREF=http://www.lsc.nd.edu/~llee1>Lie-Quan Lee</A>, Univ.of Notre Dame (<A HREF="mailto:llee1@lsc.nd.edu">llee1@lsc.nd.edu</A>)<br>
+<A HREF=http://www.lsc.nd.edu/~lums>Andrew Lumsdaine</A>,
+Univ.of Notre Dame (<A
+HREF="mailto:lums@lsc.nd.edu">lums@lsc.nd.edu</A>)
+</TD></TR></TABLE>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML> 
--- a/tie_example.cpp
+++ b/tie_example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+//  to its suitability for any purpose.
+//
+// This is an example demonstrating how to use the tie() function.
+// The purpose of tie() is to make it easiery to deal with std::pair
+// return values.
+//
+// Contributed by Jeremy Siek
+//
+// Sample output
+//
+// 3 successfully inserted.
+// 9 was already in the set.
+// There were 2 occurances of 4.
+
+#include <set>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <boost/utility.hpp>
+
+int
+main(int, char*[])
+{
+  {
+    typedef std::set<int> SetT;
+    SetT::iterator i, end;
+    bool inserted;
+    
+    int vals[5] = { 5, 2, 4, 9, 1 };
+    SetT s(vals, vals + 5);
+    
+    // Using tie() with a return value of pair<iterator,bool>
+
+    int new_vals[2] = { 3, 9 };
+
+    for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
+      boost::tie(i,inserted) = s.insert(new_vals[k]);
+      if (!inserted)
+	std::cout << *i << " was already in the set." << std::endl;
+      else
+	std::cout << *i << " successfully inserted." << std::endl;    
+    }
+  }    
+  {
+    int* i, *end;
+    int vals[6] = { 5, 2, 4, 4, 9, 1 };
+    std::sort(vals, vals + 6);
+
+    // Using tie() with a return value of pair<iterator,iterator>
+
+    boost::tie(i,end) = std::equal_range(vals, vals + 6, 4);
+    std::cout << "There were " << std::distance(i,end)
+	      << " occurances of " << *i << "." << std::endl;
+    // Footnote: of course one would normally just use std::count()
+    // to get this information, but that would spoil the example :)
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/tmpw2001-paper/Makefile
+++ b/tmpw2001-paper/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+# -*- makefile -*-
+
+DVIPS		= dvips
+LATEX		= pdflatex
+LATEXOUT	= pdf
+RESULT		= pdf
+
+#LATEX		= latex
+#LATEXOUT	= dvi
+#RESULT		= ps
+
+.SUFFIXES: .tex .dvi .ps .pdf .c .lg .eps
+
+.c.lg:
+	lgrind -i -o $*.lg -a -lc++ $*.c
+
+.eps.pdf:
+	epstopdf $*.eps
+
+.tex.pdf:
+	@ if test ! -f $*.ind; then echo "" > $*.ind; fi
+	@ $(LATEX) $*
+	@ if ( grep 'Writing index file' $*.log > /dev/null ); \
+	then makeindex $* ; $(LATEX) $* ; fi
+	@ if ( grep 'LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may' $*.log > /dev/null ); \
+	then $(LATEX) $* ; fi
+	@ if ( grep 'LaTeX Warning: Citation' $*.log > /dev/null ); \
+	then bibtex $* ; $(LATEX) $* ; fi
+	@ if ( grep 'LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may' $*.log > /dev/null ); \
+	then $(LATEX) $* ; fi
+	@ if ( grep 'LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may' $*.log > /dev/null ); \
+	then $(LATEX) $* ; fi
+	@ if ( grep 'LaTeX Warning: Label(s) may' $*.log > /dev/null ); \
+	then $(LATEX) $* ; fi
+
+.dvi.ps:
+	$(DVIPS) -o $*.ps $*
+
+.ps.pdf:
+	distill -v -maxsubsetpct 99 -subsetfonts on -pairs $*.ps $*.pdf
+
+
+SRCCODE	= 
+
+
+#
+# Default rule
+#
+
+default: iter-adaptor.$(RESULT)
+
+
+#
+# LaTeX stuff
+#
+TEX	= iter-adaptor.tex
+
+iter-adaptor.dvi: $(TEX) $(SRCCODELG)
+iter-adaptor.ps: iter-adaptor.dvi
+iter-adaptor.pdf: $(PDFPICT) $(TEX) $(SRCCODELG) 
+
+dist:	iter-adaptor.ps iter-adaptor.pdf
+	mkdir -p iter-adaptor
+	cp $(TEX) $(SRCCODELG) $(EPS) $(PS) \
+	  iter-adaptor.bbl iter-adaptor.ps iter-adaptor.pdf \
+          iter-adaptor
+	tar cvf - ./iter-adaptor | gzip > iter-adaptor.tar.gz
+
+#
+# Standard rules
+#
+
+clean:
+	/bin/rm -f *.dvi *.o *.ps *.pdf *.log *.blg *.bbl *.aux *~ *.out *.ind
+
--- a/tmpw2001-paper/defs.tex
+++ b/tmpw2001-paper/defs.tex
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+
+\usepackage{times}
+
+\newif\ifpdf
+\ifx\pdfoutput\undefined
+   \pdffalse
+\else
+   \pdfoutput=1
+   \pdftrue
+\fi
+
+\ifpdf
+  \usepackage[
+              pdftex,
+              colorlinks=true,
+              linkcolor=blue,filecolor=blue,pagecolor=blue,urlcolor=blue
+              ]{hyperref}
+\fi
+
+\ifpdf
+  \newcommand{\concept}[1]{\hyperref[concept:#1]{\textsf{#1}}}
+  \newcommand{\stlconcept}[1]{\href{http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/#1.html}{\textsf{#1}}}
+  \newcommand{\link}[2]{\hyperref[#1]{#2}}
+\else
+  \newcommand{\concept}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+  \newcommand{\stlconcept}[1]{\textsf{#1}}
+  \newcommand{\href}[2]{#2}
+  \newcommand{\link}[2]{#2}
+\fi
+
+\newcommand{\code}[1]{{\small \texttt{#1}}}
+
+\newcommand{\Note}[1]{\marginpar{\begin{flushleft}%
+  {%%\tiny %%\footnotesize
+  {\bf Note:}  #1}%
+\end{flushleft}}}
--- a/tmpw2001-paper/iter-adaptor.tex
+++ b/tmpw2001-paper/iter-adaptor.tex
--- a/tmpw2001-paper/netobjectdays.cls
+++ b/tmpw2001-paper/netobjectdays.cls
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+% Paper Formatting according to requirements of Net.Objectdays 2000
+\LoadClass[10pt]{article}
+\pagestyle{empty}
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+\textheight193mm
+\textwidth122mm
+\oddsidemargin44mm
+\hoffset-1in      \voffset-1in
+\topmargin52mm
+\headsep0pt
+\headheight0pt
+% ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+\renewcommand\maketitle{\par
+  \begingroup
+    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\@fnsymbol\c@footnote}%
+    \def\@makefnmark{\rlap{\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}}%
+    \long\def\@makefntext##1{\parindent 1em\noindent
+            \hb@xt@1.8em{%
+                \hss\@textsuperscript{\normalfont\@thefnmark}}##1}%
+    \if@twocolumn
+      \ifnum \col@number=\@ne
+        \@maketitle
+      \else
+        \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
+      \fi
+    \else
+      \newpage
+      \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
+      \@maketitle
+    \fi
+    \thispagestyle{empty}\@thanks
+  \endgroup
+  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
+  \global\let\thanks\relax
+  \global\let\maketitle\relax
+  \global\let\@maketitle\relax
+  \global\let\@thanks\@empty
+  \global\let\@author\@empty
+  \global\let\@date\@empty
+  \global\let\@title\@empty
+  \global\let\title\relax
+  \global\let\author\relax
+  \global\let\date\relax
+  \global\let\and\relax
+}
+\date{}
+\def\@maketitle{%
+  \newpage
+  \null
+  \vskip 2em%
+  \begin{center}%
+  \let \footnote \thanks
+    {\Large \textbf{\@title} \par}%
+    \vskip 1.5em%
+    {\large
+      \lineskip .5em%
+      {\normalsize
+      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
+        \@author
+      \end{tabular}\par}}%
+    \vskip 1em%
+    {\large \@date}%
+  \end{center}%
+  \par
+  \vskip 1.5em}
+\renewcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
+                                   {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+                                   {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
+                                   {\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
+\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
+                                     {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+                                     {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
+                                     {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
+\renewcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
+                                     {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
+                                     {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
+                                     {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
+\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
+                                    {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
+                                    {-1em}%
+                                    {\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
+\renewcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
+                                       {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
+                                       {-1em}%
+
+{\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}}
+\renewcommand{\figurename}{Fig}
+\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tab}
+\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
+  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
+  \sbox\@tempboxa{{\small\textbf{#1.} #2}}%
+  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
+    {\small\textbf{#1.} #2}\par
+  \else
+    \global \@minipagefalse
+    \hb@xt@\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
+  \fi
+  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
+\renewenvironment{abstract}
+               {\list{}{\leftmargin1cm\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
+                \item\relax{\small \textbf{Abstract.}}}
+               {\endlist}
--- a/tmpw2001-paper/refs.bib
+++ b/tmpw2001-paper/refs.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+
+@TechReport{stepa.lee-1994:the.s:TR,
+  author       = "A. A. Stepanov and M. Lee",
+  title	       = "{The Standard Template Library}",
+  institution  = "ISO Programming Language C++ Project",
+  year	       = "1994",
+  number       = "X3J16/94-0095, WG21/N0482",
+  month	       = may,
+}
+
+@Book{		 austern99:_gener_progr_stl,
+  author       = "Matthew H. Austern",
+  title	       = "Generic Programming and the {STL}",
+  publisher    = "Addison-Wesley",
+  year	       = 1999,
+  series       = "Professional computing series"
+}
+
+@Book{koenig97:_rumin_cpp,
+  author =	 {Andrew Koenig and Barbara Moo},
+  title = 	 {Ruminations on {C++}},
+  publisher = 	 {Addison Wesley},
+  year = 	 1997
+}
+
+@Book{iso98:_cpp_final_draft_standard,
+  author       = "International Organization for Standardization
+                  (ISO)",
+  title	       = "ISO/IEC Final Draft International Standard 14882:
+                  Programming Language C++",
+  year	       = 1998,
+  address      = "1 rue de Varemb\'e, Case postale 56, CH-1211
+                  Gen\`eve 20, Switzerland"
+}
+
+@Book{alexandrescu01:_modern_cpp_design,
+  author =	 {Andrei Alexandrescu},
+  title = 	 {Modern {C++} Design},
+  publisher = 	 {Addison Wesley},
+  year = 	 2001
+}
+
+@BOOK { Barton94,
+  AUTHOR       = "John Barton and Lee Nackman",
+  TITLE	       = "Scientific and Engineering {C++}",
+  PUBLISHER    = "Addison-Wesley",
+  YEAR	       = 1994
+}
+
+@Book{gamma95:_design_patterns,
+  author =	 {Erich Gamma and Richard Helm and Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides},
+  title = 	 {Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software},
+  publisher = 	 {Addison-Welsey},
+  year = 	 1995,
+  series =	 {Professional Computing}
+}
+
+@Book{stroustrup00:_cpp_prog_lang,
+  author =	 {Bjarne Stroustrup},
+  title = 	 {The {C++} Programming Language},
+  publisher = 	 {Addison-Wesley},
+  year = 	 2000,
+  edition =	 {Special}
+}
+
+@Article{alexandrescu98:_compound_iters,
+  author = 	 {Andrei Alexandrescu},
+  title = 	 {Compound iterators of {STL}},
+  journal = 	 {{C/C++} Users Journal},
+  year = 	 1998,
+  volume =	 16,
+  number =	 10,
+  pages =	 {79-82},
+  month =        October
+}
+
+@Article{becker98:_smart_iteraters,
+  author = 	 {Thomas Becker},
+  title = 	 {Smart Iterators and STL},
+  journal = 	 {{C/C++} Users Journal},
+  year = 	 1998,
+  volume =	 16,
+  number =	 9,
+  month =	 {September}
+}
+
+@InBook{siek99:_scitools,
+  author       = {Jeremy G. Siek and Andrew Lumsdaine},
+  title        = {Modern Software Tools for Scientific Computing},
+  chapter      = {A Modern Framework for Portable High Performance
+                  Numerical Linear Algebra},
+  publisher    = {Birkhauser},
+  year 	       = 1999,
+}
+
+@TechReport{siek01:_improved_iter_cat,
+  author = 	 {Jeremy Siek},
+  title = 	 {Improved Iterator Categories and Requirements},
+  institution =  {ISO IEC JTC1/SC22/WG21 - C++},
+  year = 	 2001,
+  number =	 {N1297}
+}
+
+@Book{mehlhorn99:_leda,
+  author =	 {K. Mehlhorn and St. N\"aher},
+  title = 	 {The LEDA Platform of Combinatorial and Geometric Computing},
+  publisher = 	 {Cambridge University Press},
+  year = 	 1999
+}
+
+@Book{ knu94:sgb,
+  author = 	 {D. E. Knuth},
+  title = 	 {Stanford GraphBase: a platform for combinatorial computing},
+  publisher = 	 {ACM Press},
+  year      =    {1994}
+}
+
+@Misc{czarnecki00:_named_param,
+  author =	 {Krzysztof Czarnecki and Ulrich Eisenecker},
+  title =	 {Named Parameters for Configuration Generators},
+  howpublished = {http://www.generative-programming.org/namedparams/},
+  year =	 2000
+}
+
--- a/tmpw2001-paper/tmpw00.bib
+++ b/tmpw2001-paper/tmpw00.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:Eisenecker,
+        AUTHOR = "Ulrich W. Eisenecker and Frank Blinn and Krzysztof Czarnecki",
+        TITLE = "A Solution to the Constructor-Problem of Mixin-Based Programming in {C++}",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"Mixin-Based Programming in C++ is a powerful programming style
+based on the parameterized inheritance idiom and the composition
+of C++ templates. Type expressions describing specific inheritance
+hierarchies can be composed either automatically using generative
+programming idioms in C++ or manually. Unfortunately, the mixin-based
+C++ programming techniques published to date do not adequately support
+optional and alternative mixin classes with constructors expecting
+varying numbers of arguments, which are common in practice. This
+is because the varying base class constructors do not provide a
+uniform interface on which the constructors of the derived classes
+could rely. This paper discusses several partial solutions to this
+problem that were proposed to date and presents a new, complete
+solution. The new solution uses generative programming techniques to
+automatically generate the appropriate constructors, and this way it
+avoids the overhead and clumsiness of instantiating composed mixin
+classes in the client code using the partial solutions. In fact,
+the new solution allows users to instantiate automatically composed
+mixin classes with the simplicity of instantiating concrete classes
+from traditional class hierarchies. Finally, the new solution does
+not suffer from the scalability problems of the partial solutions."
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:Berti,
+        AUTHOR = "Guntram Berti",
+        TITLE = "Generic Components for Grid Data Structures and Algorithms with {C++}",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"Grids are fundamental data structures for representing
+ geometric structures or their subdivisions.  We propose a strategy
+ for decoupling algorithms working on grids from the details of
+ grid representations, using a generic programming approach in C++.
+ Functionality of grid data structures is captured by a small set of
+ primitives, divided into combinatorial and geometric ones.  Special
+ attention is paid to the generic implementation of grid functions, which
+ correspond to the notion of mappings from grid elements (e. g. vertices)
+ to entities of a given type.  Experiments indicate that the overhead
+ of the generic formulation is low and can be completely eliminated in
+ some cases."
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:Veldhuizen,
+        AUTHOR = "Todd L. Veldhuizen",
+        TITLE = "Five compilation models for {C++} templates",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"This paper proposes an alternate structure for C++ compilers.
+Type analysis is removed from the compiler and replaced with a
+`type system library' which is treated as source code by the
+compiler.  Type computations are embedded in the intermediate
+language of the compiler, and partial evaluation is used to drive
+type analysis and template instantiation.  By making simple changes to
+the behavior of the partial evaluator, a wide range of compilation
+models is achieved, each with a distinct tradeoff of compile time, code
+size, and code speed.  These models range from pure dynamic typing --
+ideal for scripting C++ -- to profile-directed template instantiation.
+This approach may solve several serious problems in compiling C++:
+it achieves separate compilation of templates, allows template
+code to be distributed in binary form by deferring template instantiation
+until run time, and reduces the code bloat associated with
+templates."
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:Baus,
+        AUTHOR = "Christopher Baus and Thomas Becker",
+        TITLE = "Custom Iterators for the {STL}",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"We discuss several kinds of custom iterators for use with the STL
+that are substantially different from the iterators that come with
+the STL. We present class templates that implement these custom
+iterators in a generic manner."
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:Weiser,
+        AUTHOR = "Martin Weiser and Gary Powell",
+        TITLE = "The {View Template Library}",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"Views are container adaptors providing access to different
+on the fly generated representations of the data in the container they
+are applied to. The concept fits nicely into the framework defined by
+the STL.  This paper explains design, usage, and implementation of the
+View Template Library, the currently most advanced implementation of
+the views concept."
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:Striegnitz,
+        AUTHOR = "J{\"o}rg Striegnitz and Stephen A. Smith",
+        TITLE = "An Expression Template aware Lambda Function",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"Template libraries such as the STL contain several generic algorithms
+that expect functions as arguments and thereby cause frequent use of
+function objects. User-defined function objects are awkward because
+they must be declared as a class in namespace scope before they may
+be used. In this paper, we describe a lambda function for C++, which
+allows users to define function objects on the fly, without writing class
+declarations. We show that, by using expression templates, the lambda
+function can be implemented without hurting the runtime performance of a
+program. Expression templates can also help to overcome the performance
+penalties that may arise when using expressions over user-defined
+types. Thus, we based our approach on PETE which is a framework
+that simplifies the addition of expression template functionality to
+user-defined classes."
+}
+
+
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:McNamara,
+        AUTHOR = "Brian McNamara and Yannis Smaragdakis",
+        TITLE = "Static Interfaces in {C++}",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"We present an extensible framework for defining and
+using ``static interfaces'' in C++. Static interfaces are especially
+useful as constraints on template parameters. That is, in addition to the
+usual template $class T$, template definitions can specify that T ``isa''
+Foo, for some static interface named Foo. These ``isa-constraints'' can be
+based on either inheritance (named conformance: T publicly inherits Foo),
+members (structural conformance: T has these member functions with these
+signatures), or both. The constraint mechanism imposes no space or time
+overheads at runtime; virtual functions are conspicuously absent from
+our framework.
+
+We demonstrate two key utilities of static interfaces. First,
+constraints enable better error messages with template code. By applying
+static interfaces as constraints, instantiating a template with the
+wrong type is an error that can be caught at the instantiation point,
+rather than later (typically in the bowels of the implementation).
+Authors of template classes and template functions can also dispatch
+``custom error messages'' to report named constraint violations by
+clients, making debugging easier. We show examples of the improvement of
+error messages when constraints are applied to STL code. 
+
+Second, constraints enable automatic compile-time dispatch of different
+implementations of class or function templates based on the named
+conformance properties of the template types. For example, $Set<T>$ can be
+written to automatically choose the most efficient implementation: use a
+hashtable implementation if ``T isa Hashable'', or else a binary search
+tree if ``T isa LessThanComparable'' , or else a linked-list if merely ``T
+isa EqualityComparable''. This dispatch can be completely hidden from
+clients of Set, who just use $Set<T>$ as usual."
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:Siek,
+        AUTHOR = "Jeremy Siek and Andrew Lumsdaine",
+        TITLE = "Concept Checking: Binding Parametric Polymorphism in {C++}",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"Generic programming in C++ is characterized by the use of template
+  parameters to represent abstract data types (or ``concepts'').
+  However, the C++ language itself does not provide a mechanism for
+  explicitly handling concepts.  As a result, it can be difficult to
+  insure that a concrete type meets the requirements of the concept it
+  is supposed to represent.  Error messages resulting from incorrect
+  use of a concrete type can be particularly difficult to decipher.
+  In this paper we present techniques to check parameters in generic
+  C++ libraries.  Our techniques use standard C++ and introduce no
+  run-time overhead."
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:Kuehl,
+        AUTHOR = "Dietmar K{\"u}hl",
+        TITLE = "{STL} and {OO} Don't Easily Mix",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"The STL is a powerful tool for many kinds of processing. Unfortunately,
+using polymorphic objects with the STL seems not to work: Polymorphic
+objects stored in STL containers either get sliced (i.e. only the base
+part is copied or assigned but not the derived part) or, when storing
+pointers to them instead, are not destroyed.  Applying algorithms to
+such containers often results in the wrong thing or complex predicate
+objects are needed.  This article shows how to overcome at least some
+of these problems using some adaptors and also outlines a possible
+implementation of STL for better integration with polymorphic objects.
+The improved integration just acknowledges the distinction between the
+object and the entity used to maintain it."
+}
+
+
+@InProceedings{TMPW00:Eichelberger,
+        AUTHOR = "H. Eichelberger and J. Wolff v. Gudenberg",
+        TITLE = "{UML} Description of the {STL}",
+        BOOKTITLE = "First Workshop on {C++} Template Programming,
+          Erfurt, Germany",
+        MONTH = "October 10",
+        YEAR = "2000",
+        URL = "http://oonumerics.org/tmpw00/eichelberger.pdf",
+        ABSTRACT = 
+"In this paper we show how  the specification of the
+Standard Template Library STL and its implementation can be described
+by UML diagrams. We define appropriate stereotypes to
+describe STL concepts like containers, iterators, function
+objects and global algorithms. For the graphical description of the
+implementation of the STL we extend the UML metamodel."
+}
+
--- a/transform_iterator.htm
+++ b/transform_iterator.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
+<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
+<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
+<title>Transform Iterator Adaptor Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+
+<img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)"
+align="center" width="277" height="86">
+
+<h1>Transform Iterator Adaptor</h1>
+
+Defined in header
+<a href="../../boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp">boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp</a>
+
+<p>
+The transform iterator adaptor augments an iterator by applying some
+function object to the result of dereferencing the iterator. Another
+words, the <tt>operator*</tt> of the transform iterator first
+dereferences the base iterator, passes the result of this to the
+function object, and then returns the result. The following
+<b>pseudo-code</b> shows the basic idea:
+
+<pre>
+  value_type transform_iterator::operator*() const {
+    return this->f(*this->base_iterator);
+  }
+</pre>
+
+All of the other operators of the transform iterator behave in the
+same fashion as those of the base iterator.
+
+
+<h2>Synopsis</h2>
+
+<pre>
+namespace boost {
+  template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, class BaseIterator&gt;
+  class transform_iterator_generator;
+
+  template &lt;class <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html">AdaptableUnaryFunction</a>, class BaseIterator&gt;
+  typename transform_iterator_generator&lt;AdaptableUnaryFunction,Iterator&gt;::type
+  make_transform_iterator(BaseIterator base, const AdaptableUnaryFunction&amp; f = AdaptableUnaryFunction());
+}
+</pre>
+
+<hr>
+
+<h2><a name="transform_iterator_generator">The Transform Iterator Type
+Generator</a></h2>
+
+The class <tt>transform_iterator_generator</tt> is a helper class whose
+purpose is to construct a transform iterator type.  The template
+parameters for this class are the <tt>AdaptableUnaryFunction</tt> function object
+type and the <tt>BaseIterator</tt> type that is being wrapped.
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class AdaptableUnaryFunction, class Iterator&gt;
+class transform_iterator_generator
+{
+public:
+    typedef <a href="./iterator_adaptors.htm#iterator_adaptor">iterator_adaptor</a>&lt;...&gt; type;
+};
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+<p>
+The following is an example of how to use the
+<tt>transform_iterator_generator</tt> class to iterate through a range
+of numbers, multiplying each of them by 2 when they are dereferenced.
+The <tt>boost::binder1st</tt> class is used instead of the standard
+one because tranform iterator requires the function object to be
+Default Constructible.
+
+<p>
+<PRE>
+#include &lt;functional&gt;
+#include &lt;iostream&gt;
+#include &lt;boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp&gt;
+
+// definition of class boost::binder1st and function boost::bind1st() ...
+
+int
+main(int, char*[])
+{
+  int x[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
+
+  typedef boost::binder1st&lt; std::multiplies&lt;int&gt; &gt; Function;
+  typedef boost::transform_iterator_generator&lt;Function, int*&gt;::type doubling_iterator;
+
+  doubling_iterator i(x, boost::bind1st(std::multiplies&lt;int&gt;(), 2)),
+    i_end(x + sizeof(x)/sizeof(int), boost::bind1st(std::multiplies&lt;int&gt;(), 2));
+
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; "multiplying the array by 2:" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+  while (i != i_end)
+    std::cout &lt;&lt; *i++ &lt;&lt; " ";
+  std::cout &lt;&lt; std::endl;
+
+  // to be continued...
+</PRE>
+The output from this part is:
+<pre>
+2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Template Parameters</h3>
+
+<Table border>
+<TR>
+<TH>Parameter</TH><TH>Description</TH>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/AdaptableUnaryFunction.html"><tt>AdaptableUnaryFunction</tt></a></TD>
+<TD>The function object that transforms each element in the iterator
+range.  The <tt>argument_type</tt> of the function object must match
+the value type of the base iterator.  The <tt>result_type</tt> of the
+function object will be the resulting iterator's
+<tt>value_type</tt>. If you want the resulting iterator to behave as
+an iterator, the result of the function should be solely a function of
+its argument. Also, the function object must be <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/DefaultConstructible.html"> Default
+Constructible</a> (which many of the standard function objects are not).</TD>
+</TR>
+
+<TR>
+<TD><tt>BaseIterator</tt></TD>
+<TD>The iterator type being wrapped. This type must at least be a model
+ of the <a href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator">InputIterator</a> concept.</TD>
+</TR>
+
+</Table>
+
+<h3>Model of</h3>
+
+The transform iterator adaptor (the type
+<tt>transform_iterator_generator<...>::type</tt>) is a model of <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/InputIterator.html">Input Iterator</a><a href="#1">[1]</a>.
+
+
+<h3>Members</h3>
+
+The transform iterator type implements the member functions and
+operators required of the <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random Access Iterator</a>
+concept, except that the <tt>reference</tt> type is the same as the <tt>value_type</tt>
+so <tt>operator*()</tt> returns by-value. In addition it has the following constructor:
+
+<pre>
+transform_iterator_generator::type(const BaseIterator&amp; it,
+                                   const AdaptableUnaryFunction&amp; f = AdaptableUnaryFunction())
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<hr>
+<p>
+
+
+<h2><a name="make_transform_iterator">The Transform Iterator Object Generator</a></h2>
+
+<pre>
+template &lt;class AdaptableUnaryFunction, class BaseIterator&gt;
+typename transform_iterator_generator&lt;AdaptableUnaryFunction,BaseIterator&gt;::type
+make_transform_iterator(BaseIterator base,
+                        const AdaptableUnaryFunction&amp; f = AdaptableUnaryFunction());
+</pre>
+
+This function provides a convenient way to create transform iterators.
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+
+Continuing from the previous example, we use the <tt>make_transform_iterator()</tt>
+function to add four to each element of the array.
+
+<pre>
+  std::cout << "adding 4 to each element in the array:" << std::endl;
+
+  std::copy(boost::make_transform_iterator(x, boost::bind1st(std::plus<int>(), 4)),
+	    boost::make_transform_iterator(x + N, boost::bind1st(std::plus<int>(), 4)),
+	    std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
+</pre>
+The output from this part is:
+<pre>
+5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
+</pre>
+
+<h3>Notes</h3>
+
+
+<a name="1">[1]</a> If the base iterator is a model of <a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/RandomAccessIterator.html">Random Access Iterator</a>
+then the transform iterator will also suppport most of the
+functionality required by the Random Access Iterator concept. However, a
+transform iterator can never completely satisfy the requirements for
+<a
+href="http://www.sgi.com/tech/stl/ForwardIterator.html">Forward Iterator</a>
+(or of any concepts that refine Forward Iterator, which includes
+Random Access Iterator and Bidirectional Iterator) since the <tt>operator*</tt> of the transform
+iterator always returns by-value.
+
+
+
+<hr>
+<p>Revised <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" s-type="EDITED" s-format="%d %b %Y" startspan -->29 Mar 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="14896" --></p>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use,
+modify, sell and distribute this document is granted provided this copyright
+notice appears in all copies. This document is provided &quot;as is&quot;
+without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for
+any purpose.</p>
+
+</body>
+
+</html>
--- a/transform_iterator_example.cpp
+++ b/transform_iterator_example.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 2000. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+// distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
+// in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
+// warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+
+// What a bummer. We can't use std::binder1st with transform iterator
+// because it does not have a default constructor. Here's a version
+// that does.
+
+namespace boost {
+
+  template <class Operation> 
+  class binder1st
+    : public std::unary_function<typename Operation::second_argument_type,
+			         typename Operation::result_type> {
+  protected:
+    Operation op;
+    typename Operation::first_argument_type value;
+  public:
+    binder1st() { } // this had to be added!
+    binder1st(const Operation& x,
+	      const typename Operation::first_argument_type& y)
+	: op(x), value(y) {}
+    typename Operation::result_type
+    operator()(const typename Operation::second_argument_type& x) const {
+      return op(value, x); 
+    }
+  };
+
+  template <class Operation, class T>
+  inline binder1st<Operation> bind1st(const Operation& op, const T& x) {
+    typedef typename Operation::first_argument_type arg1_type;
+    return binder1st<Operation>(op, arg1_type(x));
+  }
+
+} // namespace boost
+
+int
+main(int, char*[])
+{
+  // This is a simple example of using the transform_iterators class to
+  // generate iterators that multiply the value returned by dereferencing
+  // the iterator. In this case we are multiplying by 2.
+  // Would be cooler to use lambda library in this example.
+
+  int x[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 };
+  const int N = sizeof(x)/sizeof(int);
+
+  typedef boost::binder1st< std::multiplies<int> > Function;
+  typedef boost::transform_iterator_generator<Function, int*>::type doubling_iterator;
+
+  doubling_iterator i(x, boost::bind1st(std::multiplies<int>(), 2)),
+    i_end(x + N, boost::bind1st(std::multiplies<int>(), 2));
+
+  std::cout << "multiplying the array by 2:" << std::endl;
+  while (i != i_end)
+    std::cout << *i++ << " ";
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+
+  std::cout << "adding 4 to each element in the array:" << std::endl;
+
+  std::copy(boost::make_transform_iterator(x, boost::bind1st(std::plus<int>(), 4)),
+	    boost::make_transform_iterator(x + N, boost::bind1st(std::plus<int>(), 4)),
+	    std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, " "));
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
--- a/transform_iterator_test.cpp
+++ b/transform_iterator_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+//  (C) Copyright Jeremy Siek 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify,
+//  sell and distribute this software is granted provided this
+//  copyright notice appears in all copies. This software is provided
+//  "as is" without express or implied warranty, and with no claim as
+//  to its suitability for any purpose.
+
+//  Revision History
+//  08 Mar 2001   Jeremy Siek
+//       Moved test of transform iterator into its own file. It to
+//       to be in iterator_adaptor_test.cpp.
+
+#include <boost/config.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <boost/iterator_adaptors.hpp>
+#include <boost/pending/iterator_tests.hpp>
+
+struct mult_functor {
+  typedef int result_type;
+  typedef int argument_type;
+  // Functors used with transform_iterator must be
+  // DefaultConstructible, as the transform_iterator must be
+  // DefaultConstructible to satisfy the requirements for
+  // TrivialIterator.
+  mult_functor() { }
+  mult_functor(int aa) : a(aa) { }
+  int operator()(int b) const { return a * b; }
+  int a;
+};
+
+int
+main()
+{
+  const int N = 10;
+
+  // Borland is getting confused about typedef's and constructors here
+
+  // Test transform_iterator
+  {
+    int x[N], y[N];
+    for (int k = 0; k < N; ++k)
+      x[k] = k;
+    std::copy(x, x + N, y);
+
+    for (int k2 = 0; k2 < N; ++k2)
+      x[k2] = x[k2] * 2;
+
+    boost::transform_iterator_generator<mult_functor, int*>::type i(y, mult_functor(2));
+    boost::input_iterator_test(i, x[0], x[1]);
+    boost::input_iterator_test(boost::make_transform_iterator(&y[0], mult_functor(2)), x[0], x[1]);
+  }
+  std::cout << "test successful " << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}
--- a/type_traits_test.cpp
+++ b/type_traits_test.cpp
@@ -1,534 +0,0 @@
-//  (C) Copyright Steve Cleary, Beman Dawes, Howard Hinnant & John Maddock 2000.
-//  Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
-//  distribute this software is granted provided this copyright notice appears
-//  in all copies. This software is provided "as is" without express or implied
-//  warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.
-
-/* Release notes:
-   23rd July 2000:
-      Removed all call_traits tests to call_traits_test.cpp
-      Removed all compressed_pair tests to compressed_pair_tests.cpp
-      Improved tests macros
-      Tidied up specialistions of type_types classes for test cases.
-*/
-
-#include <iostream>
-#include <typeinfo>
-
-#include <boost/type_traits.hpp>
-
-using namespace boost;
-
-#ifdef __BORLANDC__
-#pragma option -w-ccc -w-rch -w-eff -w-aus
-#endif
-
-//
-// define tests here
-unsigned failures = 0;
-unsigned test_count = 0;
-
-#define value_test(v, x) ++test_count;\
-                         if(v != x){++failures; std::cout << "checking value of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl;}
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_TEMPLATE_PARTIAL_SPECIALIZATION
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(is_same<v, x>::value == false){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << typeid(is_same<v, x>).name() << "::value is false" << std::endl; }
-#else
-#define type_test(v, x)  ++test_count;\
-                         if(typeid(v) != typeid(x)){\
-                           ++failures; \
-                           std::cout << "checking type of " << #x << "...failed" << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   expected type was " << #v << std::endl; \
-                           std::cout << "   " << "typeid(" #v ") != typeid(" #x ")" << std::endl; }
-#endif
-
-// Since there is no compiler support, we should specialize:
-//  is_enum for all enumerations (is_enum implies is_POD)
-//  is_union for all unions
-//  is_empty for all empty composites
-//  is_POD for all PODs (except enums) (is_POD implies has_*)
-//  has_* for any UDT that has that trait and is not POD
-
-enum enum_UDT{ one, two, three };
-struct UDT
-{
-   UDT();
-   ~UDT();
-   UDT(const UDT&);
-   UDT& operator=(const UDT&);
-   int i;
-
-   void f1();
-   int f2();
-   int f3(int);
-   int f4(int, float);
-};
-
-struct POD_UDT { int x; };
-struct empty_UDT{ ~empty_UDT(){}; };
-struct empty_POD_UDT{};
-union union_UDT
-{
-  int x;
-  double y;
-  ~union_UDT();
-};
-union POD_union_UDT
-{
-  int x;
-  double y;
-};
-union empty_union_UDT
-{
-  ~empty_union_UDT();
-};
-union empty_POD_union_UDT{};
-#ifndef BOOST_NO_INCLASS_MEMBER_INITIALIZATION
-namespace boost {
-template <> struct is_enum<enum_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_POD<POD_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-// this type is not POD, so we have to specialize the has_* individually
-template <> struct has_trivial_constructor<empty_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_copy<empty_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_assign<empty_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_union<union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_union<POD_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_POD<POD_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_union<empty_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-// this type is not POD, so we have to specialize the has_* individually
-template <> struct has_trivial_constructor<empty_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_copy<empty_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_assign<empty_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_union<empty_POD_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_union_UDT>
-{ static const bool value = true; };
-}
-#else
-namespace boost {
-template <> struct is_enum<enum_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_POD<POD_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-// this type is not POD, so we have to specialize the has_* individually
-template <> struct has_trivial_constructor<empty_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_copy<empty_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_assign<empty_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_union<union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_union<POD_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_POD<POD_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_union<empty_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-// this type is not POD, so we have to specialize the has_* individually
-template <> struct has_trivial_constructor<empty_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_copy<empty_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct has_trivial_assign<empty_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_union<empty_POD_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-template <> struct is_POD<empty_POD_union_UDT>
-{ enum{ value = true }; };
-}
-#endif
-
-// Steve: All comments that I (Steve Cleary) have added below are prefixed with
-//  "Steve:"  The failures that BCB4 has on the tests are due to Borland's
-//  not considering cv-qual's as a part of the type -- they are considered
-//  compiler hints only.  These failures should be fixed before long.
-
-int main()
-{
-   std::cout << "Checking type operations..." << std::endl << std::endl;
-
-   // cv-qualifiers applied to reference types should have no effect
-   // declare these here for later use with is_reference and remove_reference:
-   typedef int& r_type;
-   typedef const r_type cr_type;
-
-   type_test(int, remove_reference<int>::type)
-   type_test(const int, remove_reference<const int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_reference<int&>::type)
-   type_test(const int, remove_reference<const int&>::type)
-   type_test(volatile int, remove_reference<volatile int&>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_reference<cr_type>::type)
-
-   type_test(int, remove_const<const int>::type)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   type_test(volatile int, remove_const<volatile int>::type)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   type_test(volatile int, remove_const<const volatile int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_const<int>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_const<int* const>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_volatile<volatile int>::type)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   type_test(const int, remove_volatile<const int>::type)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   type_test(const int, remove_volatile<const volatile int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_volatile<int>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_volatile<int* volatile>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_cv<volatile int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_cv<const int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_cv<const volatile int>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_cv<int>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_cv<int* volatile>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_cv<int* const>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_cv<int* const volatile>::type)
-   type_test(const int *, remove_cv<const int * const>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_bounds<int>::type)
-   type_test(int*, remove_bounds<int*>::type)
-   type_test(int, remove_bounds<int[3]>::type)
-   type_test(int[3], remove_bounds<int[2][3]>::type)
-
-   std::cout << std::endl << "Checking type properties..." << std::endl << std::endl;
-
-   value_test(true, (is_same<int, int>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int, const int>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int, int&>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int*, const int*>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int*, int*const>::value))
-   value_test(false, (is_same<int, int[2]>::value))
-
-   value_test(false, is_const<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_const<const int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_const<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_const<const volatile int>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_volatile<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_volatile<const int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_volatile<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_volatile<const volatile int>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, is_void<void>::value)
-   // Steve: fails on BCB4
-   // JM: but looks as though it should according to [3.9.3p1]?
-   //value_test(false, is_void<const void>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_void<int>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<void>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<bool>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<char>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<float>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<double>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<long double>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<long long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_unsigned_integral<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<void>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<bool>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_signed_integral<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_signed_integral<short>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_signed_integral<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_signed_integral<long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<float>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<double>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<long double>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<long long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_signed_integral<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<void>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<bool>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<float>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<double>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_arithmetic<long double>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<long long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_arithmetic<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<void>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<bool>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<float>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<double>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_fundamental<long double>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<long long>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_standard_fundamental<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_arithmetic<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<signed char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned char>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<wchar_t>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned short>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<float>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<double>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<long double>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<bool>::value)
-   #ifdef ULLONG_MAX
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<long long>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned long long>::value)
-   #endif
-   #if defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<__int64>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_arithmetic<unsigned __int64>::value)
-   #endif
-
-   value_test(false, is_array<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_array<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_array<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_array<int[2][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_array<UDT[2]>::value)
-
-   typedef void(*f1)();
-   typedef int(*f2)(int);
-   typedef int(*f3)(int, bool);
-   typedef void (UDT::*mf1)();
-   typedef int (UDT::*mf2)();
-   typedef int (UDT::*mf3)(int);
-   typedef int (UDT::*mf4)(int, float);
-
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_pointer<int*>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3, 3.9.3p1
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int*const>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3, 3.9.3p1
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int*volatile>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3, 3.9.3p1
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<int*const volatile>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_pointer<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_pointer<f2>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_pointer<f3>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<mf1>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<mf2>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<mf3>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9.2p3
-   value_test(false, is_pointer<mf4>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_reference<bool>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<const int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<volatile int &>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<r_type>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_reference<cr_type>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_class<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<const int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<int*>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<int* const>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<int&>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<mf4>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<f1>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<enum_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<UDT const>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<UDT volatile>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_class<std::iostream>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<UDT*>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<UDT[2]>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_class<UDT&>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, is_object<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_object<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_object<int&>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_object<void>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_standard_scalar<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_extension_scalar<void*>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_enum<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_enum<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_member_pointer<f1>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_member_pointer<f2>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_member_pointer<f3>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_member_pointer<mf1>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_member_pointer<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_member_pointer<mf3>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_member_pointer<mf4>::value)
-
-   value_test(false, is_empty<int>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<int*>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<int&>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<f1>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<mf1>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_empty<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_empty<empty_POD_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_empty<empty_union_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_empty<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<const int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_constructor<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_constructor<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<const int>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'false' -- should be 'true' via 3.9p3, 3.9p10
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_copy<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_copy<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<const int>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'false' -- should be 'true' via 3.9p3, 3.9p10
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_assign<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_assign<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int*>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<const int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<volatile int>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_destructor<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, has_trivial_destructor<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, has_trivial_destructor<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int*>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9p10
-   value_test(false, is_POD<int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int*const>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<const int>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'false', should be 'true', via 3.9p10
-   value_test(true, is_POD<volatile int>::value)
-   // Steve: was 'true', should be 'false', via 3.9p10
-   value_test(false, is_POD<const int&>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int[2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int[3][2]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<int[2][4][5][6][3]>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<f1>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<mf2>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_POD<UDT>::value)
-   value_test(false, is_POD<empty_UDT>::value)
-   value_test(true, is_POD<enum_UDT>::value)
-
-   std::cout << std::endl << test_count << " tests completed (" << failures << " failures)... press any key to exit";
-   std::cin.get();
-   return failures;
-}
-
-
-
-
--- a/utility.htm
+++ b/utility.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<title>Header boost/utility.hpp Documentation</title>
+</head>
+
+<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
+
+<h1><img src="../../c++boost.gif" alt="c++boost.gif (8819 bytes)" align="center" WIDTH="277" HEIGHT="86">Header
+<a href="../../boost/utility.hpp">boost/utility.hpp</a></h1>
+
+<p>The entire contents of the header <code><a href="../../boost/utility.hpp">&lt;boost/utility.hpp&gt;</a></code>
+ are in <code>namespace boost</code>.</p>
+
+<h2>Contents</h2>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>Function templates <a href="#checked_delete">checked_delete() and
+    checked_array_delete()</a></li>
+  <li>Function templates <a href="#functions next">next() and prior()</a></li>
+  <li>Class <a href="#Class noncopyable">noncopyable</a></li>
+  <li>Function template <a href="tie.html">tie()</a> and supporting class tied.</li>
+</ul>
+<h2> Function templates <a name="checked_delete">checked_delete</a>() and
+checked_array_delete()</h2>
+
+<p>Deletion of a pointer to an incomplete type is an unsafe programming practice
+because there is no way for the compiler to verify that the destructor is indeed
+trivial.&nbsp; The checked_delete() and checked_array_delete() function
+templates simply <b>delete</b> or <b>delete[]</b> their argument, but also
+require that their argument be a complete type.&nbsp; They issue an appropriate
+compiler error diagnostic if that requirement is not met.&nbsp; A typical
+implementation is shown; other implementations may vary:</p>
+
+<pre>    template&lt; typename T &gt;
+    inline void checked_delete(T const volatile * x)
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT( sizeof(T) ); // assert type complete at point
+                                          // of instantiation
+        delete x;
+    }
+
+    template&lt; typename T &gt;
+    inline void checked_array_delete(T const volatile * x)
+    {
+        BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT( sizeof(T) ); // assert type complete at point
+                                          // of instantiation
+        delete [] x;
+    }</pre>
+
+<p>Contributed by Beman Dawes, based on a suggestion from Dave Abrahams,
+generalizing an idea from Vladimir Prus, with comments from Rainer Deyke, John
+Maddock, and others.</p>
+
+<h3>Background</h3>
+
+<p>The C++ Standard specifies that delete on a pointer to an incomplete types is
+undefined behavior if the type has a non-trivial destructor in&nbsp; [expr.delete]
+5.3.5 paragraph.&nbsp; No diagnostic is required.&nbsp; Some but not all
+compilers issue warnings if the type is incomplete at point of deletion.</p>
+
+<h2> <a name="functions next">Function</a> templates next() and prior()</h2>
+
+<p>Certain data types, such as the C++ Standard Library's forward and
+bidirectional iterators, do not provide addition and subtraction via operator+()
+or operator-().&nbsp; This means that non-modifying computation of the next or
+prior value requires a temporary, even though operator++() or operator--() is
+provided.&nbsp; It also means that writing code like <code>itr+1</code> inside a
+template restricts the iterator category to random access iterators.</p>
+
+<p>The next() and prior() functions provide a simple way around these problems:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+
+<pre>template &lt;class T&gt;
+T next(T x) { return ++x; }
+
+template &lt;class X&gt;
+T prior(T x) { return --x; }</pre>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Usage is simple:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+
+<pre>const std::list&lt;T&gt;::iterator p = get_some_iterator();
+const std::list&lt;T&gt;::iterator prev = boost::prior(p);</pre>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Contributed by <a href="../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a>.</p>
+
+<h2><a name="Class noncopyable">Class noncopyable</a></h2>
+
+<p>Class <strong>noncopyable</strong> is a base class.&nbsp; Derive your own class from <strong>noncopyable</strong>
+when you want to prohibit copy construction and copy assignment.</p>
+
+<p>Some objects, particularly those which hold complex resources like files or
+network connections, have no sensible copy semantics.&nbsp; Sometimes there are
+possible copy semantics, but these would be of very limited usefulness and be
+very difficult to implement correctly.&nbsp; Sometimes you're implementing a class that doesn't need to be copied
+just yet and you don't want to take the time to write the appropriate functions.&nbsp;
+Deriving from <b> noncopyable</b> will prevent the otherwise implicitly-generated
+functions (which don't have the proper semantics) from becoming a trap for other programmers.</p>
+
+<p>The traditional way to deal with these is to declare a private copy constructor and copy assignment, and then
+document why this is done.&nbsp; But deriving from <b>noncopyable</b> is simpler
+and clearer, and doesn't require additional documentation.</p>
+
+<p>The program <a href="noncopyable_test.cpp">noncopyable_test.cpp</a> can be
+used to verify class <b>noncopyable</b> works as expected. It has have been run successfully under
+GCC 2.95, Metrowerks
+CodeWarrior 5.0, and Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 sp 3.</p>
+
+<p>Contributed by <a href="../../people/dave_abrahams.htm">Dave Abrahams</a>.</p>
+
+<h3>Example</h3>
+<blockquote>
+  <pre>// inside one of your own headers ...
+#include &lt;boost/utility.hpp&gt;
+
+class ResourceLadenFileSystem : boost::noncopyable {
+...</pre>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h3>Rationale</h3>
+<p>Class noncopyable has protected constructor and destructor members to
+emphasize that it is to be used only as a base class.&nbsp; Dave Abrahams notes
+concern about the effect on compiler optimization of adding (even trivial inline)
+destructor declarations. He says &quot;Probably this concern is misplaced, because
+noncopyable will be used mostly for classes which own resources and thus have non-trivial destruction semantics.&quot;</p>
+<h2>Function template tie()</h2>
+<p>See <a href="tie.html">separate documentation</a>.</p>
+<hr>
+<p>Revised&nbsp; <!--webbot bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%d %B, %Y" startspan
+-->22 May, 2001<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" endspan i-checksum="13960"
+-->
+</p>
+<p><EFBFBD> Copyright boost.org 1999. Permission to copy, use, modify, sell and
+distribute this document is granted provided this copyright notice appears in
+all copies. This document is provided &quot;as is&quot; without express or
+implied warranty, and with no claim as to its suitability for any purpose.</p>
+</body>
+</html>