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# variant2
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This repository contains a never-valueless C++11/14/17 implementation of
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[std::variant](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/variant) in
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[variant.hpp](include/boost/variant2/variant.hpp) and an implementation of
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`expected<T, E...>` in [expected.hpp](include/boost/variant2/expected.hpp)
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that is an extended version of `expected<T, E>` as proposed in
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[P0323R1](http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2016/p0323r1.pdf)
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and the subsequent
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[D0323R2](https://github.com/viboes/std-make/blob/master/doc/proposal/expected/d0323r2.md).
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This repository contains a never-valueless, strong guarantee, C++11/14/17
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implementation of [std::variant](http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/variant).
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See [the documentation](https://pdimov.github.io/variant2/) for more information.
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The code requires [Boost.Mp11](https://github.com/boostorg/mp11) and
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Boost.Config.
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The repository is intended to be placed into the `libs/variant2` directory of
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a Boost clone or release, but the header `variant.hpp` will also work
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[standalone](https://godbolt.org/z/CTZztA).
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[standalone](https://godbolt.org/z/nVUNKX).
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Supported compilers:
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* g++ 4.8 or later with `-std=c++11` or above
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* clang++ 3.5 or later with `-std=c++11` or above
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* Visual Studio 2015, 2017
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* Visual Studio 2015, 2017, 2019
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Tested on [Travis](https://travis-ci.org/pdimov/variant2/) and
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[Appveyor](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/pdimov/variant2/).
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## variant.hpp
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The class `boost::variant2::variant<T...>` is an almost conforming
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implementation of `std::variant` with the following differences:
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* A converting constructor from, e.g. `variant<int, float>` to
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`variant<float, double, int>` is provided as an extension;
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* The reverse operation, going from `variant<float, double, int>` to
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`variant<int, float>` is provided as the member function `subset<U...>`.
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(This operation can throw if the current state of the variant cannot be
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represented.)
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* `variant<T...>` is not trivial when all contained types are trivial.
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To avoid going into a valueless-by-exception state, this implementation falls
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back to using double storage unless
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* one of the alternatives is the type `monostate`,
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* one of the alternatives has a nonthrowing default constructor, or
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* all the contained types are nothrow move constructible.
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If the first two bullets don't hold, but the third does, the variant uses
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single storage, but `emplace` constructs a temporary and moves it into place
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if the construction of the object can throw. In case this is undesirable, one
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can force `emplace` into always constructing in-place by adding `monostate` as
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one of the alternatives.
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## expected.hpp
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The class `boost::variant2::expected<T, E...>` represents the return type of
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an operation that may potentially fail. It contains either the expected result
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of type `T`, or a reason for the failure, of one of the error types in `E...`.
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Internally, this is stored as `variant<T, E...>`.
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See [its documentation](doc/expected.md) for more information.
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Note that, while `variant` is production quality, `expected` is still a work
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in progress and has no test suite yet.
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