chore(ci): add new clang-tidy job

This implements three variants of `GetManagedObjectsAsync()` API into the standard `ObjectManager` client interface.

---------

Signed-off-by: Joel Winarske <joel.winarske@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Stanislav Angelovič <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>

.clang-tidy

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+---
+#Checks: "*,\
+#         -modernize-use-trailing-return-type,\
+#         -google-readability-braces-around-statements,\
+#         -google-readability-todo,\
+#         -hicpp-braces-around-statements,\
+#         -readability-braces-around-statements,\
+#         -hicpp-no-array-decay,\
+#         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-vararg,\
+#         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-constant-array-index,\
+#         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,\
+#         -hicpp-vararg,\
+#         -hicpp-signed-bitwise,\
+#         -llvm-header-guard,\
+#         -llvmlibc-*,\
+#         -google-runtime-references,\
+#         -readability-redundant-access-specifiers,\
+#         -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,\
+#         -readability-magic-numbers,\
+#         -altera-*,\
+#         -fuchsia-*"
+
+# TODO: enable -llvm-include-order in the end, after clang-format
+Checks: "*,\
+         -llvmlibc-*,\
+         -altera-*,\
+         -fuchsia-*,
+         -cert-err58-cpp,\
+         -modernize-use-trailing-return-type,\
+         -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-magic-numbers,\
+         -readability-magic-numbers,\
+         -readability-braces-around-statements,\
+         -google-readability-braces-around-statements,\
+         -hicpp-braces-around-statements,\
+         -hicpp-signed-bitwise,\
+         -llvm-include-order,\
+         -google-runtime-int,\
+         -hicpp-named-parameter,\
+         -readability-named-parameter,\
+         -bugprone-macro-parentheses,\
+         -google-readability-todo,\
+         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-reinterpret-cast,\
+         -cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay,\
+         -hicpp-no-array-decay,\
+         -cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays,\
+         -hicpp-avoid-c-arrays,\
+         -modernize-avoid-c-arrays"
+
+#TODO: Add readability-implicit-bool-conversion and remove // NOLINT(readability-implicit-bool-conversion) from code
+
+HeaderFilterRegex: 'src|sdbus-c++'
+FormatStyle: file
+WarningsAsErrors: "*"
+CheckOptions:
+  - key:             misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes.IgnoreClassesWithAllMemberVariablesBeingPublic
+    value:           '1'
+  - key:             readability-implicit-bool-conversion.AllowPointerConditions
+    value:           '1'
+  - key:             readability-redundant-member-init.IgnoreBaseInCopyConstructors
+    value:           '1'
+  - key:             cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions.AllowSoleDefaultDtor
+    value:           '1'
+  - key:             hicpp-special-member-functions.AllowSoleDefaultDtor
+    value:           '1'
+  - key:             readability-identifier-length.IgnoredVariableNames
+    value:           'r|fd|id|ok|it'
+  - key:             readability-identifier-length.IgnoredParameterNames
+    value:           'fd|id|b'
+  - key:             performance-move-const-arg.CheckTriviallyCopyableMove
+    value:           '0'
+  - key:             hicpp-move-const-arg.CheckTriviallyCopyableMove
+    value:           '0'
+#  - key:             bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters.MinimumLength
+#    value:           '3'
+#  - key:             readability-braces-around-statements.ShortStatementLines
+#    value:           '3'

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ on:
   push:
     branches: [ master ]
   pull_request:
-    branches: [ master ]
+    branches:
+      - master
+      - release/v2.0
 
 jobs:
   build:
@@ -12,15 +14,11 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, ubuntu-22.04]
+        os: [ubuntu-22.04, ubuntu-24.04]
         compiler: [g++, clang]
-        build: [shared-libsystemd]
-        include:
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
-            compiler: g++
-            build: embedded-static-libsystemd
+        build: [shared-libsystemd, embedded-static-libsystemd]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: install-libsystemd-toolchain
       if: matrix.build == 'embedded-static-libsystemd'
       run: |
@@ -34,70 +32,85 @@ jobs:
     - name: install-clang
       if: matrix.compiler == 'clang'
       run: |
-        sudo apt-get install -y clang
+        sudo apt-get install -y clang libc++-dev
         sudo update-alternatives --remove-all cc
         sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/cc cc /usr/bin/clang 10
         sudo update-alternatives --remove-all c++
         sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/c++ c++ /usr/bin/clang++ 10
-    - name: install-googletest
-      if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04' # On older ubuntus the libgmock-dev package is either unavailable or has faulty pkg-config file
+        # We need to use libc++ with Clang because there is a bug in libstdc++ chrono headers that Clang has issues with
+        echo "SDBUSCPP_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS=-stdlib=libc++" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+# We don't install googletest but we let it be built within sdbus-c++ builds below, since it needs to be built against libc++ for Clang jobs to pass
+#    - name: install-googletest
+#      run: |
+#        sudo apt-get install -y libgmock-dev
+    - name: configure-debug-gcc11 # For gcc 11, turn off the annoying deprecated-copy warning
+      if: matrix.build == 'shared-libsystemd' && matrix.compiler == 'g++' && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04'
       run: |
-        sudo apt-get install -y libgmock-dev
+        cmake -B _build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-O0 -g -W -Wextra -Wall -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Wno-deprecated-copy -Werror $SDBUSCPP_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS" -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DSDBUSCPP_INSTALL=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN=ON -DSDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION=1.14.0
     - name: configure-debug
-      if: matrix.build == 'shared-libsystemd' && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-20.04'
+      if: matrix.build == 'shared-libsystemd' && (matrix.compiler != 'g++' || matrix.os != 'ubuntu-22.04')
       run: |
-        mkdir build
-        cd build
-        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-O0 -g -W -Wextra -Wall -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Werror" -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DENABLE_PERF_TESTS=ON -DENABLE_STRESS_TESTS=ON -DBUILD_CODE_GEN=ON ..
-    - name: configure-release
-      if: matrix.build == 'shared-libsystemd' && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-22.04'
-      run: |
-        mkdir build
-        cd build
-        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-O3 -DNDEBUG -W -Wextra -Wall -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Werror" -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DENABLE_PERF_TESTS=ON -DENABLE_STRESS_TESTS=ON -DBUILD_CODE_GEN=ON ..
-    - name: configure-with-embedded-libsystemd
+        cmake -B _build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-O0 -g -W -Wextra -Wall -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Werror $SDBUSCPP_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS" -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DSDBUSCPP_INSTALL=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN=ON -DSDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION=1.14.0
+    - name: configure-release-with-embedded-libsystemd
       if: matrix.build == 'embedded-static-libsystemd'
       run: |
-        mkdir build
-        cd build
-        cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DENABLE_PERF_TESTS=ON -DENABLE_STRESS_TESTS=ON -DBUILD_CODE_GEN=ON -DBUILD_LIBSYSTEMD=ON -DLIBSYSTEMD_VERSION=244 ..
+        cmake -B _build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=/usr -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="$SDBUSCPP_EXTRA_CXX_FLAGS" -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DSDBUSCPP_INSTALL=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD=ON -DSDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION=252 -DSDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION=1.14.0
     - name: make
       run: |
-        cd build
-        cmake --build . -j4
+        cmake --build _build -j4
     - name: verify
       run: |
-        cd build
-        sudo cmake --build . --target install
+        sudo cmake --build _build --target install
         ctest --output-on-failure
     - name: pack
-      if: matrix.build == 'shared-libsystemd' && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-20.04'
+      if: matrix.build == 'shared-libsystemd'
       run: |
-        cd build
+        cd _build
         cpack -G DEB
     - name: 'Upload Artifact'
-      if: matrix.build == 'shared-libsystemd' && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-20.04' && matrix.compiler == 'g++'
-      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
+      if: matrix.build == 'shared-libsystemd' && matrix.compiler == 'g++'
+      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
       with:
         name: "debian-packages-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.compiler }}"
         path: |
-          build/sdbus-c++*.deb
-          build/sdbus-c++*.ddeb
+          _build/sdbus-c++*.deb
+          _build/sdbus-c++*.ddeb
         retention-days: 10
+  static-analysis:
+    name: static-analysis (ubuntu-24.04, clang-tidy, shared-libsystemd)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: install-deps
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update -y
+          sudo apt-get install -y libsystemd-dev libgmock-dev clang
+          sudo update-alternatives --remove-all cc
+          sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/cc cc /usr/bin/clang 10
+          sudo update-alternatives --remove-all c++
+          sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/c++ c++ /usr/bin/clang++ 10
+      - name: configure
+        run: |
+          cmake -B _build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-O0 -g" -DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DSDBUSCPP_CLANG_TIDY=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS=ON
+      - name: make
+        run: |
+          cmake --build _build -j4
   freebsd-build:
     name: build (freebsd, clang/libc++, basu)
-    runs-on: macos-12 # until https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/385
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04 # until https://github.com/actions/runner/issues/385
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Test in FreeBSD VM
-      uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@v0
+      uses: vmactions/freebsd-vm@v1
       with:
         copyback: false
         usesh: true
         prepare: |
           pkg install -y cmake ninja pkgconf basu expat googletest
         run: |
-          cmake -B _build -G Ninja -DBUILD_CODE_GEN=ON -DBUILD_TESTS=ON -DENABLE_PERF_TESTS=ON -DENABLE_STRESS_TESTS=ON
+          cmake -B _build -G Ninja -DSDBUSCPP_INSTALL=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS=ON -DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS=ON
           cmake --build _build
           cmake --install _build
           pkg install -y dbus

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,52 +2,130 @@
 # PROJECT INFORMATION
 #-------------------------------
 
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
 
-project(sdbus-c++ VERSION 1.4.0 LANGUAGES C CXX)
+project(sdbus-c++ VERSION 2.1.0 LANGUAGES CXX C)
 
 include(GNUInstallDirs) # Installation directories for `install` command and pkgconfig file
 
+# -------------------------------
+# CONFIGURATION OPTIONS
+# -------------------------------
+
+option(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD "Fetch & build libsystemd static library and make it part of libsdbus-c++, instead of searching for it in the system" OFF)
+if(NOT SDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD)
+    set(SDBUSCPP_SDBUS_LIB "default" CACHE STRING "sd-bus implementation library to search for and use (default, systemd, elogind, or basu)")
+    set_property(CACHE SDBUSCPP_SDBUS_LIB PROPERTY STRINGS default systemd elogind basu)
+else()
+    set(SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION "252" CACHE STRING "libsystemd version (>=239) to build and incorporate into libsdbus-c++")
+    set(SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_EXTRA_CONFIG_OPTS "" CACHE STRING "Additional configuration options to be passed as-is to libsystemd build system")
+endif()
+option(SDBUSCPP_INSTALL "Enable installation of sdbus-c++ (downstream projects embedding sdbus-c++ may want to turn this OFF)" ON)
+option(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS "Build tests" OFF)
+if (SDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS)
+    option(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS "Build also sdbus-c++ performance tests" OFF)
+    option(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS "Build also sdbus-c++ stress tests" OFF)
+    set(SDBUSCPP_TESTS_INSTALL_PATH "tests/${PROJECT_NAME}" CACHE STRING "Specifies where the test binaries will be installed")
+    set(SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION 1.14.0 CACHE STRING "Version of gmock library to use")
+    set(SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_GIT_REPO "https://github.com/google/googletest.git" CACHE STRING "A git repo to clone and build googletest from if gmock is not found in the system")
+endif()
+option(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN "Build generator tool for C++ native bindings" OFF)
+option(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES "Build example programs" OFF)
+option(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOCS "Build documentation for sdbus-c++" ON)
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOCS)
+    option(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOCS "Build doxygen documentation for sdbus-c++ API" OFF)
+endif()
+option(SDBUSCPP_CLANG_TIDY "Co-compile with clang-tidy static analyzer" OFF)
+#option(SDBUSCPP_COVERAGE "Build sdbus-c++ with code coverage instrumentation" OFF)
+# We promote the BUILD_SHARED_LIBS flag to a (global) option only if we are the main project
+if(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR)
+    option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries (.so) instead of static ones (.a)" ON)
+endif()
+
+message(STATUS "")
+message(STATUS "  *******************************************")
+message(STATUS "  *         SDBUS-C++ CONFIGURATION         *")
+message(STATUS "  *******************************************")
+message(STATUS "")
+message(STATUS "  SDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD: ${SDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD}")
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD)
+    message(STATUS "    SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION: ${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}")
+    message(STATUS "    SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_EXTRA_CONFIG_OPTS: ${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_EXTRA_CONFIG_OPTS}")
+endif()
+message(STATUS "  SDBUSCPP_INSTALL: ${SDBUSCPP_INSTALL}")
+message(STATUS "  SDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS: ${SDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS}")
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS)
+    message(STATUS "    SDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS: ${SDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS}")
+    message(STATUS "    SDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS: ${SDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS}")
+    message(STATUS "    SDBUSCPP_TESTS_INSTALL_PATH: ${SDBUSCPP_TESTS_INSTALL_PATH}")
+    message(STATUS "    SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION: ${SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION}")
+    message(STATUS "    SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_GIT_REPO: ${SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_GIT_REPO}")
+endif()
+message(STATUS "  SDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN: ${SDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN}")
+message(STATUS "  SDBUSCPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES: ${SDBUSCPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES}")
+message(STATUS "  SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOCS: ${SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOCS}")
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOCS)
+    message(STATUS "    SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOCS: ${SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOCS}")
+endif()
+message(STATUS "  BUILD_SHARED_LIBS: ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS}")
+message(STATUS "")
+
 #-------------------------------
 # PERFORMING CHECKS & PREPARING THE DEPENDENCIES
 #-------------------------------
 
-set(LIBSYSTEMD "systemd")
-
-option(BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD "Build libsystemd static library and incorporate it into libsdbus-c++" OFF)
-
-if(NOT BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD)
-    find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
-    pkg_check_modules(Systemd IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL libsystemd>=236)
-    if(NOT TARGET PkgConfig::Systemd)
-        message(WARNING "libsystemd not found, checking for libelogind instead")
-        pkg_check_modules(Systemd IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL libelogind>=236)
-        if(TARGET PkgConfig::Systemd)
-            set(LIBSYSTEMD "elogind")
-            string(REPLACE "." ";" VERSION_LIST ${Systemd_VERSION})
-            list(GET VERSION_LIST 0 Systemd_VERSION)
-	else()
-            message(WARNING "libelogind not found, checking for basu instead")
-            pkg_check_modules(Systemd IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL basu)
-            set(LIBSYSTEMD "basu")
-            # https://git.sr.ht/~emersion/basu/commit/d4d185d29a26
-            set(Systemd_VERSION "240")
-        endif()
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD)
+    # Build static libsystemd library as an external project
+    include(cmake/LibsystemdExternalProject.cmake)
+    set(SDBUS_IMPL "systemd")
+    set(SDBUS_LIB "libsystemd")
+else()
+    # Search for sd-bus implementations in the system as per user's configuration
+    set(SDBUS_LIBS ${SDBUSCPP_SDBUS_LIB})
+    if(SDBUSCPP_SDBUS_LIB STREQUAL "default")
+        set(SDBUS_LIBS systemd elogind basu) # This is the default search order
     endif()
+
+    set(MINIMUM_SDBUS_VERSION 238)
+
+    find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
+    foreach(LIB ${SDBUS_LIBS})
+        if(LIB STREQUAL "systemd")
+            pkg_check_modules(Systemd IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL libsystemd>=${MINIMUM_SDBUS_VERSION})
+            if(TARGET PkgConfig::Systemd)
+                set(SDBUS_IMPL "systemd")
+                set(SDBUS_LIB "libsystemd")
+                break()
+            endif()
+        elseif(LIB STREQUAL "elogind")
+            pkg_check_modules(Systemd IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL libelogind>=${MINIMUM_SDBUS_VERSION})
+            if(TARGET PkgConfig::Systemd)
+                set(SDBUS_IMPL "elogind")
+                set(SDBUS_LIB "libelogind")
+                string(REPLACE "." ";" VERSION_LIST ${Systemd_VERSION})
+                list(GET VERSION_LIST 0 Systemd_VERSION)
+                break()
+            endif()
+        elseif(LIB STREQUAL "basu")
+            pkg_check_modules(Systemd IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL basu)
+            if(TARGET PkgConfig::Systemd)
+                set(SDBUS_IMPL "basu")
+                set(SDBUS_LIB "basu")
+                set(Systemd_VERSION "240") # https://git.sr.ht/~emersion/basu/commit/d4d185d29a26
+                break()
+            endif()
+        else()
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Unrecognized sd-bus implementation library ${LIB}")
+        endif()
+    endforeach()
+
     if(NOT TARGET PkgConfig::Systemd)
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "libsystemd of version at least 236 is required, but was not found "
-                            "(if you have systemd in your OS, you may want to install package containing pkgconfig "
-                            " files for libsystemd library. On Ubuntu, that is libsystemd-dev. "
-                            " Alternatively, you may turn BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD on for sdbus-c++ to download, build "
-                            "and incorporate libsystemd as embedded library within sdbus-c++)")
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "None of ${SDBUS_LIBS} libraries implementing sd-bus was found (Are their dev packages installed?)")
     endif()
     add_library(Systemd::Libsystemd ALIAS PkgConfig::Systemd)
     string(REGEX MATCHALL "([0-9]+)" SYSTEMD_VERSION_LIST "${Systemd_VERSION}")
-    list(GET SYSTEMD_VERSION_LIST 0 LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION)
-    message(STATUS "Building with libsystemd v${LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}")
-else()
-    # Build static libsystemd library as an external project
-    include(cmake/LibsystemdExternalProject.cmake)
+    list(GET SYSTEMD_VERSION_LIST 0 SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION)
+    message(STATUS "Building with libsystemd v${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}")
 endif()
 
 find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
@@ -86,6 +164,8 @@ set(SDBUSCPP_HDR_SRCS
 set(SDBUSCPP_PUBLIC_HDRS
     ${SDBUSCPP_INCLUDE_DIR}/ConvenienceApiClasses.h
     ${SDBUSCPP_INCLUDE_DIR}/ConvenienceApiClasses.inl
+    ${SDBUSCPP_INCLUDE_DIR}/VTableItems.h
+    ${SDBUSCPP_INCLUDE_DIR}/VTableItems.inl
     ${SDBUSCPP_INCLUDE_DIR}/Error.h
     ${SDBUSCPP_INCLUDE_DIR}/IConnection.h
     ${SDBUSCPP_INCLUDE_DIR}/AdaptorInterfaces.h
@@ -106,7 +186,7 @@ set(SDBUSCPP_SRCS ${SDBUSCPP_CPP_SRCS} ${SDBUSCPP_HDR_SRCS} ${SDBUSCPP_PUBLIC_HD
 # GENERAL COMPILER CONFIGURATION
 #-------------------------------
 
-set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
 
 #----------------------------------
 # LIBRARY BUILD INFORMATION
@@ -115,24 +195,19 @@ set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
 set(SDBUSCPP_VERSION_MAJOR "${PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR}")
 set(SDBUSCPP_VERSION "${PROJECT_VERSION}")
 
-# We promote the BUILD_SHARED_LIBS flag to a (global) option only if we are the main project
-if(CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR)
-    option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries (.so) instead of static ones (.a)" ON)
-endif()
-
 # Having an object target allows unit tests to reuse already built sources without re-building
 add_library(sdbus-c++-objlib OBJECT ${SDBUSCPP_SRCS})
 target_compile_definitions(sdbus-c++-objlib PRIVATE
     BUILD_LIB=1
-    LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION=${LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}
-    SDBUS_${LIBSYSTEMD}
-    SDBUS_HEADER=<${LIBSYSTEMD}/sd-bus.h>)
+    LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION=${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}
+    SDBUS_${SDBUS_IMPL}
+    SDBUS_HEADER=<${SDBUS_IMPL}/sd-bus.h>)
 target_include_directories(sdbus-c++-objlib PUBLIC $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
                                                    $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src>)
 if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
     set_target_properties(sdbus-c++-objlib PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
 endif()
-if(BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD)
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD)
     add_dependencies(sdbus-c++-objlib LibsystemdBuildProject)
 endif()
 target_link_libraries(sdbus-c++-objlib
@@ -150,28 +225,11 @@ set_target_properties(sdbus-c++
                                  OUTPUT_NAME "sdbus-c++")
 target_link_libraries(sdbus-c++ PRIVATE sdbus-c++-objlib)
 
-#----------------------------------
-# INSTALLATION
-#----------------------------------
-set(EXPORT_SET sdbus-c++)
-if(NOT BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
-    list(APPEND EXPORT_SET "sdbus-c++-objlib")
-endif()
-
-install(TARGETS ${EXPORT_SET}
-        EXPORT sdbus-c++-targets
-        RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT runtime
-        LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT runtime NAMELINK_COMPONENT dev
-        ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT dev
-        PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/${SDBUSCPP_INCLUDE_SUBDIR} COMPONENT dev)
-
 #----------------------------------
 # TESTS
 #----------------------------------
 
-option(BUILD_TESTS "Build and install tests (default OFF)" OFF)
-
-if(BUILD_TESTS)
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS)
     message(STATUS "Building with tests")
     enable_testing()
     add_subdirectory("${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tests")
@@ -181,9 +239,7 @@ endif()
 # UTILS
 #----------------------------------
 
-option(BUILD_CODE_GEN "Build and install interface stub code generator (default OFF)" OFF)
-
-if(BUILD_CODE_GEN)
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN)
     message(STATUS "Building with code generator tool")
     add_subdirectory("${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/tools")
 endif()
@@ -192,9 +248,7 @@ endif()
 # EXAMPLES
 #----------------------------------
 
-option(BUILD_EXAMPLES "Build example programs (default OFF)" OFF)
-
-if(BUILD_EXAMPLES)
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES)
     message(STATUS "Building with examples")
     add_subdirectory(examples)
 endif()
@@ -203,13 +257,29 @@ endif()
 # DOCUMENTATION
 #----------------------------------
 
-option(BUILD_DOC "Build documentation for sdbus-c++" ON)
-
-if(BUILD_DOC)
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOCS)
     message(STATUS "Building with documentation")
-    option(BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOC "Build doxygen documentation for sdbus-c++ API" OFF)
     add_subdirectory("${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/docs")
-    install(FILES README README.md NEWS COPYING ChangeLog AUTHORS DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DOCDIR} COMPONENT doc)
+endif()
+
+#----------------------------------
+# STATIC ANALYSIS
+#----------------------------------
+
+if(SDBUSCPP_CLANG_TIDY)
+    message(STATUS "Building with static analysis")
+    #set(CLANG_TIDY "/home/one/CLion2/clion-2024.3.5/bin/clang/linux/x64/bin/clang-tidy")
+    find_program(CLANG_TIDY NAMES clang-tidy)
+    if(NOT CLANG_TIDY)
+        message(WARNING "clang-tidy not found")
+    else()
+        message(STATUS "clang-tidy found: ${CLANG_TIDY}")
+        set_target_properties(sdbus-c++-objlib PROPERTIES CXX_CLANG_TIDY "${CLANG_TIDY}")
+        set_target_properties(sdbus-c++ PROPERTIES CXX_CLANG_TIDY "${CLANG_TIDY}")
+        #set_target_properties(sdbus-c++-unit-tests PROPERTIES CXX_CLANG_TIDY "${CLANG_TIDY}")
+        #set_target_properties(sdbus-c++-integration-tests PROPERTIES CXX_CLANG_TIDY "${CLANG_TIDY}")
+        set_target_properties(sdbus-c++-stress-tests PROPERTIES CXX_CLANG_TIDY "${CLANG_TIDY}")
+    endif()
 endif()
 
 #----------------------------------
@@ -218,38 +288,58 @@ endif()
 
 include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
 
-install(EXPORT sdbus-c++-targets
-        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++
-        NAMESPACE SDBusCpp::
-        COMPONENT dev)
-
 configure_package_config_file(cmake/sdbus-c++-config.cmake.in cmake/sdbus-c++-config.cmake
                               INSTALL_DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++)
 write_basic_package_version_file(cmake/sdbus-c++-config-version.cmake COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion)
-install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-config.cmake
-              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-config-version.cmake
-        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++
-        COMPONENT dev)
 
-if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS AND (BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD OR Systemd_LINK_LIBRARIES MATCHES "/libsystemd\.a(;|$)"))
+if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS AND (SDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD OR Systemd_LINK_LIBRARIES MATCHES "/libsystemd\.a(;|$)"))
     set(PKGCONFIG_REQS ".private")
 else()
     set(PKGCONFIG_REQS "")
 endif()
+set(PKGCONFIG_DEPS ${SDBUS_LIB})
 configure_file(pkgconfig/sdbus-c++.pc.in pkgconfig/sdbus-c++.pc @ONLY)
-install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/pkgconfig/sdbus-c++.pc
-        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig COMPONENT dev)
 
 #----------------------------------
-# CPack
+# INSTALLATION
 #----------------------------------
+
+if(SDBUSCPP_INSTALL)
+    set(EXPORT_SET sdbus-c++)
+    if(NOT BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+        list(APPEND EXPORT_SET "sdbus-c++-objlib")
+    endif()
+    install(TARGETS ${EXPORT_SET}
+            EXPORT sdbus-c++-targets
+            RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-runtime
+            LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-runtime NAMELINK_COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev
+            ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev
+            PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/${SDBUSCPP_INCLUDE_SUBDIR} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev)
+    install(EXPORT sdbus-c++-targets
+            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++
+            NAMESPACE SDBusCpp::
+            COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev)
+    install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-config.cmake
+            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-config-version.cmake
+            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++
+            COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev)
+    install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/pkgconfig/sdbus-c++.pc
+            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev)
+    if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOCS)
+        install(FILES README README.md NEWS COPYING ChangeLog AUTHORS DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DOCDIR} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-doc)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
+#----------------------------------
+# CPACK
+#----------------------------------
+
 set(CPACK_PACKAGE_VENDOR "Kistler")
-set(CPACK_PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION_SUMMARY "high-level C++ D-Bus library")
+set(CPACK_PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION_SUMMARY "High-level C++ D-Bus library")
 set(CPACK_PACKAGE_CONTACT "info@kistler.com")
 set(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_README "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/README.md")
 set(CPACK_COMPONENTS_ALL runtime dev doc)
 set(CPACK_COMPONENT_DEV_DEPENDS "runtime")
-
 # specific for DEB generator
 set(CPACK_DEB_COMPONENT_INSTALL ON)
 set(CPACK_DEBIAN_RUNTIME_DEBUGINFO_PACKAGE ON)
@@ -258,6 +348,6 @@ set(CPACK_DEBIAN_FILE_NAME DEB-DEFAULT)
 set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_SECTION "libs")
 set(CPACK_DEBIAN_PACKAGE_SHLIBDEPS ON)
 set(CPACK_DEBIAN_ENABLE_COMPONENT_DEPENDS ON)
-set(CPACK_DEBIAN_DEV_PACKAGE_DEPENDS "libsystemd-dev (>=236)")
+set(CPACK_DEBIAN_DEV_PACKAGE_DEPENDS "libsystemd-dev (>=${MINIMUM_SDBUS_VERSION})")
 
 include(CPack)

ChangeLog

@@ -239,3 +239,65 @@ v1.4.0
 - Add support for direct, peer-to-peer connections
 - Add option to create IConnection directly from an underlying sd_bus instance
 - Some additional fixes
+
+v1.5.0
+- Improve handling of exceptions from callback handlers
+- Add support for async registration of matches
+- Correctly add libsystemd dependency to pkgconfi
+- Fix request name signal handling issue
+- Add INSTALL_TESTS CMake option
+- Minor UnixFd cleanups
+- Additional little fixes and updates in code, build system, CI, and documentation
+
+v1.6.0
+- Add support for enums in D-Bus serialization and signatures
+- Add support for std::variant as an alternative C++ type for D-Bus Variant
+- Add support for implicit conversions between std::variant and sdbus::Variant
+- Fix missing includes
+
+v2.0.0
+- A new major version with revamped API, bringing numerous new features, simplifications, fixes and breaking changes improving not only API consistency, safety and expressiveness, but also performance
+- Add section 'Migrating to sdbus-c++ v2' to the 'Using sdbus-c++' document providing the complete list of breaking API/ABI/behavior changes and migration notes
+- Switch to C++20 standard (but the API is backwards-compatible with C++17, skipping C++20 features in such a case)
+- Add strong types to public API
+- Add support for string_view as a D-Bus type representation
+- Enable compile-time D-Bus signature generation
+- Redesign Object vtable registration API
+- Improve Proxy signal subscription API
+- Refactor object manager API for consistency
+- Introduce native sd-event integration
+- Let callbacks take message objects by value
+- Simplify async D-Bus connection handling
+- Simplify async call state flag
+- Make Variant constructor explicit
+- Use optional for passing potential call errors
+- Rename and re-organize CMake options
+- Rename connection creation methods
+- Have all async function names finish with *Async for consistency
+- Implement more flexible searching for sd-bus libs
+- Add new `SDBUSCPP_SDBUS_LIB` CMake configuration variable determining which sd-bus library shall be picked
+- Make Variant conversion operator explicit
+- Use sd-bus API to get the current message
+- Use sd_bus_match_signal() for signal registration
+- Provide also const char* overloads for convenience functions
+- Disable move in generated adaptor and proxy classes
+- Improve and make more efficient some Message API
+- Add Slot-returning overloads of async method calls
+- Remove floating_slot_t tag and use return_slot_t instead
+- Add [[nodiscard]] to many relevant API functions
+- Add proper fix for timeout handling
+- Fix for external event loops in which the event loop thread ID was not correctly initialized (now fixed and simplified by not needing the thread ID anymore)
+- Remove deprecated stuff
+- Add `SDBUSCPP_` prefix to CMake configuration variables to avoid conflicts with downstream projects
+- Require systemd of at least v238
+- Many other fixes and updates in code, tests, build system, CI, and documentation
+
+v2.1.0
+- Add SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT macro to conveniently teach sdbus-c++ about user-defined structs
+- Extend the SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT macro with serialization of user-defined structs as dicts, and deserialization of dicts into user-defined structs
+- Make createPlainMessage() function public
+- Solve the problem of sending large D-Bus messages properly (through the event loop thread)
+- Fix partially renamed BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOC CMake option
+- Change googletest to default version 1.14.0
+- Add version parameter to the xml2cpp codegen tool
+- A few other internal refactorings and improvements

README.md

@@ -26,66 +26,76 @@ $ sudo cmake --build . --target install
 
 ### CMake configuration flags for sdbus-c++
 
-* `BUILD_CODE_GEN` [boolean]
+* `SDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN` [boolean]
 
-  Option for building the stub code generator `sdbus-c++-xml2cpp` for generating the adaptor and proxy interfaces out of the D-Bus IDL XML description. Default value: `OFF`. Use `-DBUILD_CODE_GEN=ON` flag to turn on building the code gen.
+  Build the codegen tool `sdbus-c++-xml2cpp` for generating the high level C++ bindings out of the D-Bus IDL XML description. Default value: `OFF`. Use `-DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN=ON` flag to turn on building the code gen.
 
-* `BUILD_DOC` [boolean]
+* `SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOCS` [boolean]
 
-  Option for including sdbus-c++ documentation files and tutorials. Default value: `ON`. With this option turned on, you may also enable/disable the following option:
+  Include sdbus-c++ documentation files and tutorials. Default value: `ON`. With this option turned on, you may also enable/disable the following option:
 
-    * `BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOC` [boolean]
+    * `SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOCS` [boolean]
 
-      Option for building Doxygen documentation of sdbus-c++ API. If enabled, the documentation must still be built explicitly through `cmake --build . --target doc`. Default value: `OFF`. Use `-DBUILD_DOXYGEN_DOC=OFF` to disable searching for Doxygen and building Doxygen documentation of sdbus-c++ API.
+      Build Doxygen documentation of sdbus-c++ API. If enabled, the documentation must still be built explicitly through `cmake --build . --target doc`. Default value: `OFF`. Use `-DSDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOCS=OFF` to disable searching for Doxygen and building Doxygen documentation of sdbus-c++ API.
 
-* `BUILD_TESTS` [boolean]
+* `SDBUSCPP_BUILD_TESTS` [boolean]
 
-  Option for building sdbus-c++ unit and integration tests, invokable by `cmake --build . --target test` (Note: before invoking `cmake --build . --target test`, make sure you copy `tests/integrationtests/files/org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests.conf` file to `/etc/dbus-1/system.d` directory). That incorporates downloading and building static libraries of Google Test. Default value: `OFF`. Use `-DBUILD_TESTS=ON` to enable building the tests. With this option turned on, you may also enable/disable the following options:
+  Build sdbus-c++ unit and integration tests, invokable by `cmake --build . --target test` (Note: before invoking `cmake --build . --target test`, make sure you copy `tests/integrationtests/files/org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests.conf` file to `/etc/dbus-1/system.d` directory). That incorporates downloading and building static libraries of Google Test. Default value: `OFF`. Use `-DBUILD_TESTS=ON` to enable building the tests. With this option turned on, you may also enable/disable the following options:
 
-    * `ENABLE_PERF_TESTS` [boolean]
+    * `SDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS` [boolean]
 
-      Option for building sdbus-c++ performance tests. Default value: `OFF`.
+      Build sdbus-c++ performance tests. Default value: `OFF`.
 
-    * `ENABLE_STRESS_TESTS` [boolean]
+    * `SDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS` [boolean]
 
-      Option for building sdbus-c++ stress tests. Default value: `OFF`.
+      Build sdbus-c++ stress tests. Default value: `OFF`.
 
-    * `TESTS_INSTALL_PATH` [string]
+    * `SDBUSCPP_TESTS_INSTALL_PATH` [string]
 
-      Path where the test binaries shall get installed. Default value: `/opt/test/bin`.
+      Path where the test binaries shall get installed. Default value: `${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/tests/sdbus-c++` (previously: `/opt/test/bin`).
 
-* `BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD` [boolean]
+* `SDBUSCPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES` [boolean]
 
-  Option for building libsystemd dependency library automatically when sdbus-c++ is built, and making libsystemd an integral part of sdbus-c++ library. Default value: `OFF`. Might be very helpful in non-systemd environments where libsystemd shared library is unavailable (see [Solving libsystemd dependency](docs/using-sdbus-c++.md#solving-libsystemd-dependency) for more information). With this option turned on, you may also provide the following configuration flag:
+  Build example programs which are located in the _example_ directory. Examples are not installed. Default value: `OFF`.
 
-    * `LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION` [string]
+* `SDBUSCPP_BUILD_LIBSYSTEMD` [boolean]
 
-      Defines version of systemd to be downloaded, built and integrated into sdbus-c++. Default value: `242`.
+  Build sd-bus (libsystemd library) instead of searching for it in the system, and make it part of sdbus-c++ library. Default value: `OFF`, which means that the sd-bus implementation library (`libsystemd`, `libelogind`, or `basu`) will be searched via `pkg-config` in the system.
 
-    * `LIBSYSTEMD_EXTRA_CONFIG_OPTS` [string]
+  This option may be very helpful in environments where sd-bus implementation library is unavailable (see [Solving sd-bus dependency](docs/using-sdbus-c++.md#solving-sd-bus-dependency) for more information).
+  
+  With this option turned off, you may provide the following additional configuration flag:
 
-      Additional options to be passed as-is to the libsystemd build system (meson for systemd v242) in its configure step. Can be used for passing e.g. toolchain file path in case of cross builds. Default value: empty.
+    * `SDBUSCPP_SDBUS_LIB` [string]
+
+      Defines which sd-bus implementation library to search for and use. Allowed values: `default`, `systemd`, `elogind`, `basu`. Default value: `default`, which means that sdbus-c++ will try to find any of `systemd`, `elogind`, `basu` in the order as listed here.
+
+  With this option turned on, you may provide the following additional configuration flag:
+
+    * `SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION` [string]
+
+      Defines version of systemd to be downloaded, built and integrated into sdbus-c++. Default value: `252`, minimum value: `239`.
+
+    * `SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_EXTRA_CONFIG_OPTS` [string]
+
+      Additional options to be passed as-is to the libsystemd build system in its configure step. Can be used for passing e.g. toolchain file path in case of cross builds. Default value: empty.
 
 * `CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` [string]
 
-  This is a CMake-builtin option. Set to `Release` to build sdbus-c++ for production use. Set to `Debug` if you want to help further develop (and debug) the library :)
+  CMake-builtin option. Set to `Release` to build sdbus-c++ for production use. Set to `Debug` if you want to help further develop (and debug) the library :)
 
 * `BUILD_SHARED_LIBS` [boolean]
 
-  This is a global CMake flag, promoted in sdbus-c++ project to a CMake option. Use this to control whether sdbus-c++ is built as either a shared or static library. Default value: `ON`.
-
-* `BUILD_EXAMPLES` [boolean]
-
-  Build example programs which are located in the _example_ directory. Examples are not installed. Default value: `OFF`
+  Global CMake flag, promoted in sdbus-c++ project to a CMake option. Use this to control whether sdbus-c++ is built as either a shared or static library. Default value: `ON`.
 
 Dependencies
 ------------
 
-* `C++17` - the library uses C++17 features.
-* `libsystemd` - systemd library containing sd-bus implementation. This library is part of systemd. Systemd at least v236 is needed. (In case you have a non-systemd environment, don't worry, see [Solving libsystemd dependency](docs/using-sdbus-c++.md#solving-libsystemd-dependency) for more information.)
+* `C++20/C++17` - the library uses C++20 features, but its public API is backwards compatible with C++17 and provides optional extra features when C++20 features are available
+* `libsystemd`/`libelogind`/`basu` - libraries containing sd-bus implementation that sdbus-c++ is written around. In case of `libsystemd` and `libelogind`, version >= 238 is needed. (In case you have you're missing any of those sd-bus implementations, don't worry, see [Solving sd-bus dependency](docs/using-sdbus-c++.md#solving-sd-bus-dependency) for more information.)
 * `googletest` - google unit testing framework, only necessary when building tests, will be downloaded and built automatically.
 * `pkgconfig` - required for sdbus-c++ to be able to find some dependency packages.
-* `expat` - necessary when building xml2cpp code generator (`BUILD_CODE_GEN` option is ON).
+* `expat` - necessary when building the xml2cpp binding code generator (`SDBUSCPP_BUILD_CODEGEN` option is `ON`).
 
 Licensing
 ---------

cmake/LibsystemdExternalProject.cmake

@@ -18,9 +18,6 @@ if (NOT CAP_FOUND)
     find_library(CAP_LIBRARIES cap) # Compat with Ubuntu 14.04 which ships libcap w/o .pc file
 endif()
 
-set(LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION "242" CACHE STRING "libsystemd version (>=239) to build and incorporate into libsdbus-c++")
-set(LIBSYSTEMD_EXTRA_CONFIG_OPTS "" CACHE STRING "Additional configuration options to be passed as-is to libsystemd build system")
-
 if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
     set(LIBSYSTEMD_BUILD_TYPE "plain")
 elseif(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
@@ -29,24 +26,24 @@ else()
     set(LIBSYSTEMD_BUILD_TYPE "release")
 endif()
 
-if(LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION LESS "239")
+if(SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION LESS "239")
     message(FATAL_ERROR "Only libsystemd version >=239 can be built as static part of sdbus-c++")
 endif()
-if(LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION GREATER "240")
+if(SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION GREATER "240")
     set(BUILD_VERSION_H ${NINJA} -C <BINARY_DIR> version.h)
 endif()
 
-message(STATUS "Building with embedded libsystemd v${LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}")
+message(STATUS "Building with embedded libsystemd v${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}")
 
 include(ExternalProject)
 ExternalProject_Add(LibsystemdBuildProject
-                    PREFIX libsystemd-v${LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}
+                    PREFIX libsystemd-v${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}
                     GIT_REPOSITORY    https://github.com/systemd/systemd-stable.git
-                    GIT_TAG           v${LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}-stable
+                    GIT_TAG           v${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}-stable
                     GIT_SHALLOW       1
                     UPDATE_COMMAND    ""
                     CONFIGURE_COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E remove <BINARY_DIR>/*
-                              COMMAND ${MESON} --prefix=<INSTALL_DIR> --buildtype=${LIBSYSTEMD_BUILD_TYPE} -Drootprefix=<INSTALL_DIR> -Dstatic-libsystemd=pic -Dselinux=false <SOURCE_DIR> <BINARY_DIR> ${LIBSYSTEMD_EXTRA_CONFIG_OPTS}
+                              COMMAND ${MESON} --prefix=<INSTALL_DIR> --buildtype=${LIBSYSTEMD_BUILD_TYPE} -Drootprefix=<INSTALL_DIR> -Dstatic-libsystemd=pic -Dselinux=false <SOURCE_DIR> <BINARY_DIR> ${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_EXTRA_CONFIG_OPTS}
                     BUILD_COMMAND     ${BUILD_VERSION_H}
                           COMMAND     ${NINJA} -C <BINARY_DIR> libsystemd.a
                     BUILD_ALWAYS      0

docs/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 find_package(Doxygen)
 
-if(BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOC)
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOCS)
     if(DOXYGEN_FOUND)
         configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/Doxyfile.in ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Doxyfile @ONLY)
 
@@ -15,15 +15,19 @@ if(BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOC)
         # workaround bug https://github.com/doxygen/doxygen/pull/6787
         add_custom_command(TARGET doc POST_BUILD
           COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E copy ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/sdbus-c++-class-diagram.png ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/html/.)
-
-        install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/html DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DOCDIR} OPTIONAL COMPONENT doc)
     else()
         message(WARNING "Documentation enabled, but Doxygen cannot be found")
     endif()
 endif()
 
-install(FILES sdbus-c++-class-diagram.png
-              sdbus-c++-class-diagram.uml
-              systemd-dbus-config.md
-              using-sdbus-c++.md
-        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DOCDIR} COMPONENT doc)
+if(SDBUSCPP_INSTALL)
+    install(FILES sdbus-c++-class-diagram.png
+                  sdbus-c++-class-diagram.uml
+                  systemd-dbus-config.md
+                  using-sdbus-c++.md
+            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DOCDIR} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-doc)
+
+    if (SDBUSCPP_BUILD_DOXYGEN_DOCS AND DOXYGEN_FOUND)
+        install(DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/html DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_DOCDIR} OPTIONAL COMPONENT sdbus-c++-doc)
+    endif()
+endif()

examples/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
+# Building examples
 
 add_executable(obj-manager-server org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager/obj-manager-server.cpp)
 target_link_libraries(obj-manager-server sdbus-c++)
 
 add_executable(obj-manager-client org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager/obj-manager-client.cpp)
-target_link_libraries(obj-manager-client sdbus-c++)
+target_link_libraries(obj-manager-client sdbus-c++)
+
+if(SDBUSCPP_INSTALL)
+    install(TARGETS obj-manager-server DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-examples)
+    install(TARGETS obj-manager-client DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-examples)
+endif()

examples/org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager/examplemanager-planet1-client-glue.h

@@ -21,28 +21,37 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     Planet1_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-        : proxy_(proxy)
+        : m_proxy(proxy)
     {
     }
 
+    Planet1_proxy(const Planet1_proxy&) = delete;
+    Planet1_proxy& operator=(const Planet1_proxy&) = delete;
+    Planet1_proxy(Planet1_proxy&&) = delete;
+    Planet1_proxy& operator=(Planet1_proxy&&) = delete;
+
     ~Planet1_proxy() = default;
 
+    void registerProxy()
+    {
+    }
+
 public:
     uint64_t GetPopulation()
     {
         uint64_t result;
-        proxy_.callMethod("GetPopulation").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("GetPopulation").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
 public:
     std::string Name()
     {
-        return proxy_.getProperty("Name").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        return m_proxy.getProperty("Name").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).get<std::string>();
     }
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IProxy& proxy_;
+    sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
 };
 
 }}} // namespaces

examples/org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager/examplemanager-planet1-server-glue.h

@@ -21,14 +21,24 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     Planet1_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-        : object_(object)
+        : m_object(object)
     {
-        object_.registerMethod("GetPopulation").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("population").implementedAs([this](){ return this->GetPopulation(); });
-        object_.registerProperty("Name").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withGetter([this](){ return this->Name(); });
     }
 
+    Planet1_adaptor(const Planet1_adaptor&) = delete;
+    Planet1_adaptor& operator=(const Planet1_adaptor&) = delete;
+    Planet1_adaptor(Planet1_adaptor&&) = delete;
+    Planet1_adaptor& operator=(Planet1_adaptor&&) = delete;
+
     ~Planet1_adaptor() = default;
 
+    void registerAdaptor()
+    {
+        m_object.addVTable( sdbus::registerMethod("GetPopulation").withOutputParamNames("population").implementedAs([this](){ return this->GetPopulation(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerProperty("Name").withGetter([this](){ return this->Name(); })
+                          ).forInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    }
+
 private:
     virtual uint64_t GetPopulation() = 0;
 
@@ -36,7 +46,7 @@ private:
     virtual std::string Name() = 0;
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IObject& object_;
+    sdbus::IObject& m_object;
 };
 
 }}} // namespaces

examples/org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager/obj-manager-client.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 class PlanetProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp::ExampleManager::Planet1_proxy >
 {
 public:
-    PlanetProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string destination, std::string path)
+    PlanetProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ServiceName destination, sdbus::ObjectPath path)
     : ProxyInterfaces(connection, std::move(destination), std::move(path))
     {
         registerProxy();
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-class ManagerProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces< sdbus::ObjectManager_proxy >
+class ManagerProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces<sdbus::ObjectManager_proxy>
 {
 public:
-    ManagerProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, const std::string& destination, std::string path)
-    : ProxyInterfaces(connection, destination, std::move(path))
-    , m_connection(connection)
-    , m_destination(destination)
+    ManagerProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ServiceName destination, sdbus::ObjectPath path)
+        : ProxyInterfaces(connection, destination, std::move(path))
+        , m_connection(connection)
+        , m_destination(destination)
     {
         registerProxy();
     }
@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ public:
 
     void handleExistingObjects()
     {
-        std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>> objectsInterfacesAndProperties;
-        objectsInterfacesAndProperties = GetManagedObjects();
+        auto objectsInterfacesAndProperties = GetManagedObjects();
         for (const auto& [object, interfacesAndProperties] : objectsInterfacesAndProperties) {
             onInterfacesAdded(object, interfacesAndProperties);
         }
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     void onInterfacesAdded( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-            , const std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties) override
+                          , const std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<sdbus::PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties) override
     {
         std::cout << objectPath << " added:\t";
         for (const auto& [interface, _] : interfacesAndProperties) {
@@ -65,20 +64,20 @@ private:
         std::cout << std::endl;
 
         // Parse and print some more info
-        auto planetInterface = interfacesAndProperties.find(org::sdbuscpp::ExampleManager::Planet1_proxy::INTERFACE_NAME);
+        auto planetInterface = interfacesAndProperties.find(sdbus::InterfaceName{org::sdbuscpp::ExampleManager::Planet1_proxy::INTERFACE_NAME});
         if (planetInterface == interfacesAndProperties.end()) {
             return;
         }
         const auto& properties = planetInterface->second;
         // get a property which was passed as part of the signal.
-        const auto& name = properties.at("Name").get<std::string>();
+        const auto& name = properties.at(sdbus::PropertyName{"Name"}).get<std::string>();
         // or create a proxy instance to the newly added object.
         PlanetProxy planet(m_connection, m_destination, objectPath);
         std::cout << name << " has a population of " << planet.GetPopulation() << ".\n" << std::endl;
     }
 
     void onInterfacesRemoved( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-            , const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces) override
+                            , const std::vector<sdbus::InterfaceName>& interfaces) override
     {
         std::cout << objectPath << " removed:\t";
         for (const auto& interface : interfaces) {
@@ -88,14 +87,16 @@ private:
     }
 
     sdbus::IConnection& m_connection;
-    std::string m_destination;
+    sdbus::ServiceName m_destination;
 };
 
 int main()
 {
     auto connection = sdbus::createSessionBusConnection();
 
-    auto managerProxy = std::make_unique<ManagerProxy>(*connection, "org.sdbuscpp.examplemanager", "/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager");
+    sdbus::ServiceName destination{"org.sdbuscpp.examplemanager"};
+    sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath{"/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager"};
+    auto managerProxy = std::make_unique<ManagerProxy>(*connection, std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath));
     try {
         managerProxy->handleExistingObjects();
     }
@@ -107,4 +108,4 @@ int main()
 
     connection->enterEventLoop();
     return 0;
-}
+}

examples/org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager/obj-manager-server.cpp

@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@
 #include <thread>
 #include <chrono>
 
-class ManagerAdaptor : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces< sdbus::ObjectManager_adaptor >
+using sdbus::ObjectPath;
+
+class ManagerAdaptor : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces<sdbus::ObjectManager_adaptor>
 {
 public:
-    ManagerAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string path)
-    : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(path))
+    ManagerAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath path)
+        : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(path))
     {
         registerAdaptor();
     }
@@ -34,23 +36,23 @@ public:
     }
 };
 
-class PlanetAdaptor final : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp::ExampleManager::Planet1_adaptor,
-                                                sdbus::ManagedObject_adaptor,
-                                                sdbus::Properties_adaptor >
+class PlanetAdaptor final : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp::ExampleManager::Planet1_adaptor
+                                                           , sdbus::ManagedObject_adaptor
+                                                           , sdbus::Properties_adaptor >
 {
 public:
-    PlanetAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string path, std::string name, uint64_t poulation)
-    : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(path))
-    , m_name(std::move(name))
-    , m_population(poulation)
+    PlanetAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath path, std::string name, uint64_t population)
+        : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(path))
+        , m_name(std::move(name))
+        , m_population(population)
     {
         registerAdaptor();
-        emitInterfacesAddedSignal({org::sdbuscpp::ExampleManager::Planet1_adaptor::INTERFACE_NAME});
+        emitInterfacesAddedSignal({sdbus::InterfaceName{org::sdbuscpp::ExampleManager::Planet1_adaptor::INTERFACE_NAME}});
     }
 
     ~PlanetAdaptor()
     {
-        emitInterfacesRemovedSignal({org::sdbuscpp::ExampleManager::Planet1_adaptor::INTERFACE_NAME});
+        emitInterfacesRemovedSignal({sdbus::InterfaceName{org::sdbuscpp::ExampleManager::Planet1_adaptor::INTERFACE_NAME}});
         unregisterAdaptor();
     }
 
@@ -82,18 +84,19 @@ void printCountDown(const std::string& message, int seconds)
 int main()
 {
     auto connection = sdbus::createSessionBusConnection();
-    connection->requestName("org.sdbuscpp.examplemanager");
+    sdbus::ServiceName serviceName{"org.sdbuscpp.examplemanager"};
+    connection->requestName(serviceName);
     connection->enterEventLoopAsync();
 
-    auto manager = std::make_unique<ManagerAdaptor>(*connection, "/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager");
+    auto manager = std::make_unique<ManagerAdaptor>(*connection, ObjectPath{"/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager"});
     while (true)
     {
         printCountDown("Creating PlanetAdaptor in ", 5);
-        auto earth = std::make_unique<PlanetAdaptor>(*connection, "/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager/Planet1/Earth", "Earth", 7'874'965'825);
+        auto earth = std::make_unique<PlanetAdaptor>(*connection, ObjectPath{"/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager/Planet1/Earth"}, "Earth", 7'874'965'825);
         printCountDown("Creating PlanetAdaptor in ", 5);
-        auto trantor = std::make_unique<PlanetAdaptor>(*connection, "/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager/Planet1/Trantor", "Trantor", 40'000'000'000);
+        auto trantor = std::make_unique<PlanetAdaptor>(*connection, ObjectPath{"/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager/Planet1/Trantor"}, "Trantor", 40'000'000'000);
         printCountDown("Creating PlanetAdaptor in ", 5);
-        auto laconia = std::make_unique<PlanetAdaptor>(*connection, "/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager/Planet1/Laconia", "Laconia", 231'721);
+        auto laconia = std::make_unique<PlanetAdaptor>(*connection, ObjectPath{"/org/sdbuscpp/examplemanager/Planet1/Laconia"}, "Laconia", 231'721);
         printCountDown("Removing PlanetAdaptor in ", 5);
         earth.reset();
         printCountDown("Removing PlanetAdaptor in ", 5);
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ int main()
         laconia.reset();
     }
 
-    connection->releaseName("org.sdbuscpp.examplemanager");
+    connection->releaseName(serviceName);
     connection->leaveEventLoop();
     return 0;
-}
+}

include/sdbus-c++/AdaptorInterfaces.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file AdaptorInterfaces.h
  *
@@ -82,9 +82,10 @@ namespace sdbus {
      * adaptor-side interface classes representing interfaces (with methods, signals and properties)
      * of the D-Bus object.
      *
-     * In the final adaptor class inherited from AdaptorInterfaces, it is necessary to finish
-     * adaptor registration in class constructor (finishRegistration();`), and, conversely,
-     * unregister the adaptor in class destructor (`unregister();`).
+     * In the final adaptor class inherited from AdaptorInterfaces, one needs to make sure:
+     *   1. to call `registerAdaptor();` in the class constructor, and, conversely,
+     *   2. to call `unregisterAdaptor();` in the class destructor,
+     * so that the object API vtable is registered and unregistered at the proper time.
      *
      ***********************************************/
     template <typename... _Interfaces>
@@ -101,22 +102,22 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * For more information, consult @ref createObject(sdbus::IConnection&,std::string)
          */
-        AdaptorInterfaces(IConnection& connection, std::string objectPath)
+        AdaptorInterfaces(IConnection& connection, ObjectPath objectPath)
             : ObjectHolder(createObject(connection, std::move(objectPath)))
             , _Interfaces(getObject())...
         {
         }
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Finishes adaptor API registration and publishes the adaptor on the bus
+         * @brief Adds object vtable (i.e. D-Bus API) definitions for all interfaces it implements
          *
          * This function must be called in the constructor of the final adaptor class that implements AdaptorInterfaces.
          *
-         * For more information, see underlying @ref IObject::finishRegistration()
+         * See also @ref IObject::addVTable()
          */
         void registerAdaptor()
         {
-            getObject().finishRegistration();
+            (_Interfaces::registerAdaptor(), ...);
         }
 
         /*!
@@ -132,20 +133,17 @@ namespace sdbus {
         }
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Returns object path of the underlying DBus object
+         * @brief Returns reference to the underlying IObject instance
          */
-        const std::string& getObjectPath() const
-        {
-            return getObject().getObjectPath();
-        }
+        using ObjectHolder::getObject;
 
     protected:
         using base_type = AdaptorInterfaces;
 
         AdaptorInterfaces(const AdaptorInterfaces&) = delete;
         AdaptorInterfaces& operator=(const AdaptorInterfaces&) = delete;
-        AdaptorInterfaces(AdaptorInterfaces&&) = default;
-        AdaptorInterfaces& operator=(AdaptorInterfaces&&) = default;
+        AdaptorInterfaces(AdaptorInterfaces&&) = delete;
+        AdaptorInterfaces& operator=(AdaptorInterfaces&&) = delete;
         ~AdaptorInterfaces() = default;
     };
 

include/sdbus-c++/ConvenienceApiClasses.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file ConvenienceApiClasses.h
  *
@@ -30,13 +30,15 @@
 #include <sdbus-c++/Message.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/Types.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Flags.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <type_traits>
+#include <sdbus-c++/VTableItems.h>
+
 #include <chrono>
-#include <future>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <future>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
 
 // Forward declarations
 namespace sdbus {
@@ -48,115 +50,42 @@ namespace sdbus {
 
 namespace sdbus {
 
-    class MethodRegistrator
+    class VTableAdder
     {
     public:
-        MethodRegistrator(IObject& object, std::string methodName);
-        MethodRegistrator(MethodRegistrator&& other) = default;
-        ~MethodRegistrator() noexcept(false);
+        void forInterface(InterfaceName interfaceName);
+        void forInterface(std::string interfaceName);
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot forInterface(InterfaceName interfaceName, return_slot_t);
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot forInterface(std::string interfaceName, return_slot_t);
 
-        MethodRegistrator& onInterface(std::string interfaceName);
-        template <typename _Function> MethodRegistrator& implementedAs(_Function&& callback);
-        MethodRegistrator& withInputParamNames(std::vector<std::string> paramNames);
-        template <typename... _String> MethodRegistrator& withInputParamNames(_String... paramNames);
-        MethodRegistrator& withOutputParamNames(std::vector<std::string> paramNames);
-        template <typename... _String> MethodRegistrator& withOutputParamNames(_String... paramNames);
-        MethodRegistrator& markAsDeprecated();
-        MethodRegistrator& markAsPrivileged();
-        MethodRegistrator& withNoReply();
+    private:
+        friend IObject;
+        VTableAdder(IObject& object, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable);
 
     private:
         IObject& object_;
-        std::string methodName_;
-        std::string interfaceName_;
-        std::string inputSignature_;
-        std::vector<std::string> inputParamNames_;
-        std::string outputSignature_;
-        std::vector<std::string> outputParamNames_;
-        method_callback methodCallback_;
-        Flags flags_;
-        int exceptions_{}; // Number of active exceptions when SignalRegistrator is constructed
-    };
-
-    class SignalRegistrator
-    {
-    public:
-        SignalRegistrator(IObject& object, std::string signalName);
-        SignalRegistrator(SignalRegistrator&& other) = default;
-        ~SignalRegistrator() noexcept(false);
-
-        SignalRegistrator& onInterface(std::string interfaceName);
-        template <typename... _Args> SignalRegistrator& withParameters();
-        template <typename... _Args> SignalRegistrator& withParameters(std::vector<std::string> paramNames);
-        template <typename... _Args, typename... _String> SignalRegistrator& withParameters(_String... paramNames);
-        SignalRegistrator& markAsDeprecated();
-
-    private:
-        IObject& object_;
-        std::string signalName_;
-        std::string interfaceName_;
-        std::string signalSignature_;
-        std::vector<std::string> paramNames_;
-        Flags flags_;
-        int exceptions_{}; // Number of active exceptions when SignalRegistrator is constructed
-    };
-
-    class PropertyRegistrator
-    {
-    public:
-        PropertyRegistrator(IObject& object, const std::string& propertyName);
-        PropertyRegistrator(PropertyRegistrator&& other) = default;
-        ~PropertyRegistrator() noexcept(false);
-
-        PropertyRegistrator& onInterface(std::string interfaceName);
-        template <typename _Function> PropertyRegistrator& withGetter(_Function&& callback);
-        template <typename _Function> PropertyRegistrator& withSetter(_Function&& callback);
-        PropertyRegistrator& markAsDeprecated();
-        PropertyRegistrator& markAsPrivileged();
-        PropertyRegistrator& withUpdateBehavior(Flags::PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags behavior);
-
-    private:
-        IObject& object_;
-        const std::string& propertyName_;
-        std::string interfaceName_;
-        std::string propertySignature_;
-        property_get_callback getter_;
-        property_set_callback setter_;
-        Flags flags_;
-        int exceptions_{}; // Number of active exceptions when PropertyRegistrator is constructed
-    };
-
-    class InterfaceFlagsSetter
-    {
-    public:
-        InterfaceFlagsSetter(IObject& object, const std::string& interfaceName);
-        InterfaceFlagsSetter(InterfaceFlagsSetter&& other) = default;
-        ~InterfaceFlagsSetter() noexcept(false);
-
-        InterfaceFlagsSetter& markAsDeprecated();
-        InterfaceFlagsSetter& markAsPrivileged();
-        InterfaceFlagsSetter& withNoReplyMethods();
-        InterfaceFlagsSetter& withPropertyUpdateBehavior(Flags::PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags behavior);
-
-    private:
-        IObject& object_;
-        const std::string& interfaceName_;
-        Flags flags_;
-        int exceptions_{}; // Number of active exceptions when InterfaceFlagsSetter is constructed
+        std::vector<VTableItem> vtable_;
     };
 
     class SignalEmitter
     {
     public:
-        SignalEmitter(IObject& object, const std::string& signalName);
+        SignalEmitter& onInterface(const InterfaceName& interfaceName);
+        SignalEmitter& onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+        SignalEmitter& onInterface(const char* interfaceName);
+        template <typename... _Args> void withArguments(_Args&&... args);
+
         SignalEmitter(SignalEmitter&& other) = default;
         ~SignalEmitter() noexcept(false);
-        SignalEmitter& onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
-        template <typename... _Args> void withArguments(_Args&&... args);
+
+    private:
+        friend IObject;
+        SignalEmitter(IObject& object, const SignalName& signalName);
+        SignalEmitter(IObject& object, const char* signalName);
 
     private:
         IObject& object_;
-        const std::string& signalName_;
+        const char* signalName_;
         Signal signal_;
         int exceptions_{}; // Number of active exceptions when SignalEmitter is constructed
     };
@@ -164,22 +93,27 @@ namespace sdbus {
     class MethodInvoker
     {
     public:
-        MethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& methodName);
-        MethodInvoker(MethodInvoker&& other) = default;
-        ~MethodInvoker() noexcept(false);
-
+        MethodInvoker& onInterface(const InterfaceName& interfaceName);
         MethodInvoker& onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+        MethodInvoker& onInterface(const char* interfaceName);
         MethodInvoker& withTimeout(uint64_t usec);
         template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
         MethodInvoker& withTimeout(const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout);
         template <typename... _Args> MethodInvoker& withArguments(_Args&&... args);
         template <typename... _Args> void storeResultsTo(_Args&... args);
-
         void dontExpectReply();
 
+        MethodInvoker(MethodInvoker&& other) = default;
+        ~MethodInvoker() noexcept(false);
+
+    private:
+        friend IProxy;
+        MethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const MethodName& methodName);
+        MethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const char* methodName);
+
     private:
         IProxy& proxy_;
-        const std::string& methodName_;
+        const char* methodName_;
         uint64_t timeout_{};
         MethodCall method_;
         int exceptions_{}; // Number of active exceptions when MethodInvoker is constructed
@@ -189,21 +123,29 @@ namespace sdbus {
     class AsyncMethodInvoker
     {
     public:
-        AsyncMethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& methodName);
+        AsyncMethodInvoker& onInterface(const InterfaceName& interfaceName);
         AsyncMethodInvoker& onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+        AsyncMethodInvoker& onInterface(const char* interfaceName);
         AsyncMethodInvoker& withTimeout(uint64_t usec);
         template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
         AsyncMethodInvoker& withTimeout(const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout);
         template <typename... _Args> AsyncMethodInvoker& withArguments(_Args&&... args);
         template <typename _Function> PendingAsyncCall uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback);
+        template <typename _Function> [[nodiscard]] Slot uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t);
         // Returned future will be std::future<void> for no (void) D-Bus method return value
         //                      or std::future<T> for single D-Bus method return value
         //                      or std::future<std::tuple<...>> for multiple method return values
         template <typename... _Args> std::future<future_return_t<_Args...>> getResultAsFuture();
 
+    private:
+        friend IProxy;
+        AsyncMethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const MethodName& methodName);
+        AsyncMethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const char* methodName);
+        template <typename _Function> async_reply_handler makeAsyncReplyHandler(_Function&& callback);
+
     private:
         IProxy& proxy_;
-        const std::string& methodName_;
+        const char* methodName_;
         uint64_t timeout_{};
         MethodCall method_;
     };
@@ -211,90 +153,114 @@ namespace sdbus {
     class SignalSubscriber
     {
     public:
-        SignalSubscriber(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& signalName);
-        SignalSubscriber& onInterface(std::string interfaceName);
+        SignalSubscriber& onInterface(const InterfaceName& interfaceName);
+        SignalSubscriber& onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+        SignalSubscriber& onInterface(const char* interfaceName);
         template <typename _Function> void call(_Function&& callback);
+        template <typename _Function> [[nodiscard]] Slot call(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t);
+
+    private:
+        friend IProxy;
+        SignalSubscriber(IProxy& proxy, const SignalName& signalName);
+        SignalSubscriber(IProxy& proxy, const char* signalName);
+        template <typename _Function> signal_handler makeSignalHandler(_Function&& callback);
 
     private:
         IProxy& proxy_;
-        const std::string& signalName_;
-        std::string interfaceName_;
-    };
-
-    class SignalUnsubscriber
-    {
-    public:
-        SignalUnsubscriber(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& signalName);
-        void onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
-
-    private:
-        IProxy& proxy_;
-        const std::string& signalName_;
+        const char* signalName_;
+        const char* interfaceName_{};
     };
 
     class PropertyGetter
     {
     public:
-        PropertyGetter(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& propertyName);
-        Variant onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+        Variant onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName);
+
+    private:
+        friend IProxy;
+        PropertyGetter(IProxy& proxy, std::string_view propertyName);
+
+        static constexpr const char* DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
 
     private:
         IProxy& proxy_;
-        const std::string& propertyName_;
+        std::string_view propertyName_;
     };
 
     class AsyncPropertyGetter
     {
     public:
-        AsyncPropertyGetter(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& propertyName);
-        AsyncPropertyGetter& onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+        AsyncPropertyGetter& onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName);
         template <typename _Function> PendingAsyncCall uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback);
+        template <typename _Function> [[nodiscard]] Slot uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t);
         std::future<Variant> getResultAsFuture();
 
+    private:
+        friend IProxy;
+        AsyncPropertyGetter(IProxy& proxy, std::string_view propertyName);
+
+        static constexpr const char* DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
+
     private:
         IProxy& proxy_;
-        const std::string& propertyName_;
-        const std::string* interfaceName_{};
+        std::string_view propertyName_;
+        std::string_view interfaceName_;
     };
 
     class PropertySetter
     {
     public:
-        PropertySetter(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& propertyName);
-        PropertySetter& onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+        PropertySetter& onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName);
         template <typename _Value> void toValue(const _Value& value);
         template <typename _Value> void toValue(const _Value& value, dont_expect_reply_t);
         void toValue(const Variant& value);
         void toValue(const Variant& value, dont_expect_reply_t);
 
+    private:
+        friend IProxy;
+        PropertySetter(IProxy& proxy, std::string_view propertyName);
+
+        static constexpr const char* DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
+
     private:
         IProxy& proxy_;
-        const std::string& propertyName_;
-        const std::string* interfaceName_{};
+        std::string_view propertyName_;
+        std::string_view interfaceName_;
     };
 
     class AsyncPropertySetter
     {
     public:
-        AsyncPropertySetter(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& propertyName);
-        AsyncPropertySetter& onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+        AsyncPropertySetter& onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName);
         template <typename _Value> AsyncPropertySetter& toValue(_Value&& value);
         AsyncPropertySetter& toValue(Variant value);
         template <typename _Function> PendingAsyncCall uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback);
+        template <typename _Function> [[nodiscard]] Slot uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t);
         std::future<void> getResultAsFuture();
 
+    private:
+        friend IProxy;
+        AsyncPropertySetter(IProxy& proxy, std::string_view propertyName);
+
+        static constexpr const char* DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
+
     private:
         IProxy& proxy_;
-        const std::string& propertyName_;
-        const std::string* interfaceName_{};
+        std::string_view propertyName_;
+        std::string_view interfaceName_;
         Variant value_;
     };
 
     class AllPropertiesGetter
     {
     public:
+        std::map<PropertyName, Variant> onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName);
+
+    private:
+        friend IProxy;
         AllPropertiesGetter(IProxy& proxy);
-        std::map<std::string, Variant> onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+
+        static constexpr const char* DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
 
     private:
         IProxy& proxy_;
@@ -303,16 +269,22 @@ namespace sdbus {
     class AsyncAllPropertiesGetter
     {
     public:
-        AsyncAllPropertiesGetter(IProxy& proxy);
-        AsyncAllPropertiesGetter& onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
+        AsyncAllPropertiesGetter& onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName);
         template <typename _Function> PendingAsyncCall uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback);
-        std::future<std::map<std::string, Variant>> getResultAsFuture();
+        template <typename _Function> [[nodiscard]] Slot uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t);
+        std::future<std::map<PropertyName, Variant>> getResultAsFuture();
+
+    private:
+        friend IProxy;
+        AsyncAllPropertiesGetter(IProxy& proxy);
+
+        static constexpr const char* DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
 
     private:
         IProxy& proxy_;
-        const std::string* interfaceName_{};
+        std::string_view interfaceName_;
     };
 
-}
+} // namespace sdbus
 
 #endif /* SDBUS_CXX_CONVENIENCEAPICLASSES_H_ */

include/sdbus-c++/ConvenienceApiClasses.inl

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file ConvenienceApiClasses.inl
  *
@@ -27,395 +27,62 @@
 #ifndef SDBUS_CPP_CONVENIENCEAPICLASSES_INL_
 #define SDBUS_CPP_CONVENIENCEAPICLASSES_INL_
 
+#include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/IObject.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/IProxy.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/Message.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/MethodResult.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Types.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
+#include <sdbus-c++/Types.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <exception>
 #include <string>
 #include <tuple>
-#include <exception>
-#include <cassert>
+#include <type_traits>
 
 namespace sdbus {
 
-    /*** ----------------- ***/
-    /*** MethodRegistrator ***/
-    /*** ----------------- ***/
+    /*** ------------- ***/
+    /***  VTableAdder  ***/
+    /*** ------------- ***/
 
-    inline MethodRegistrator::MethodRegistrator(IObject& object, std::string methodName)
+    inline VTableAdder::VTableAdder(IObject& object, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable)
         : object_(object)
-        , methodName_(std::move(methodName))
-        , exceptions_(std::uncaught_exceptions())
+        , vtable_(std::move(vtable))
     {
     }
 
-    inline MethodRegistrator::~MethodRegistrator() noexcept(false) // since C++11, destructors must
-    {                                                              // explicitly be allowed to throw
-        // Don't register the method if MethodRegistrator threw an exception in one of its methods
-        if (std::uncaught_exceptions() != exceptions_)
-            return;
-
-        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
-        assert(methodCallback_); // implementedAs() must be placed/called prior to this function
-
-        // registerMethod() can throw. But as the MethodRegistrator shall always be used as an unnamed,
-        // temporary object, i.e. not as a stack-allocated object, the double-exception situation
-        // shall never happen. I.e. it should not happen that this destructor is directly called
-        // in the stack-unwinding process of another flying exception (which would lead to immediate
-        // termination). It can be called indirectly in the destructor of another object, but that's
-        // fine and safe provided that the caller catches exceptions thrown from here.
-        // Therefore, we can allow registerMethod() to throw even if we are in the destructor.
-        // Bottomline is, to be on the safe side, the caller must take care of catching and reacting
-        // to the exception thrown from here if the caller is a destructor itself.
-        object_.registerMethod( interfaceName_
-                              , std::move(methodName_)
-                              , std::move(inputSignature_)
-                              , inputParamNames_
-                              , std::move(outputSignature_)
-                              , outputParamNames_
-                              , std::move(methodCallback_)
-                              , std::move(flags_));
-    }
-
-    inline MethodRegistrator& MethodRegistrator::onInterface(std::string interfaceName)
+    inline void VTableAdder::forInterface(InterfaceName interfaceName)
     {
-        interfaceName_ = std::move(interfaceName);
-
-        return *this;
+        object_.addVTable(std::move(interfaceName), std::move(vtable_));
     }
 
-    template <typename _Function>
-    MethodRegistrator& MethodRegistrator::implementedAs(_Function&& callback)
+    inline void VTableAdder::forInterface(std::string interfaceName)
     {
-        inputSignature_ = signature_of_function_input_arguments<_Function>::str();
-        outputSignature_ = signature_of_function_output_arguments<_Function>::str();
-        methodCallback_ = [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](MethodCall call)
-        {
-            // Create a tuple of callback input arguments' types, which will be used
-            // as a storage for the argument values deserialized from the message.
-            tuple_of_function_input_arg_types_t<_Function> inputArgs;
-
-            // Deserialize input arguments from the message into the tuple.
-            call >> inputArgs;
-
-            if constexpr (!is_async_method_v<_Function>)
-            {
-                // Invoke callback with input arguments from the tuple.
-                auto ret = sdbus::apply(callback, inputArgs);
-
-                // Store output arguments to the reply message and send it back.
-                auto reply = call.createReply();
-                reply << ret;
-                reply.send();
-            }
-            else
-            {
-                // Invoke callback with input arguments from the tuple and with result object to be set later
-                using AsyncResult = typename function_traits<_Function>::async_result_t;
-                sdbus::apply(callback, AsyncResult{std::move(call)}, std::move(inputArgs));
-            }
-        };
-
-        return *this;
+        forInterface(InterfaceName{std::move(interfaceName)});
     }
 
-    inline MethodRegistrator& MethodRegistrator::withInputParamNames(std::vector<std::string> paramNames)
+    [[nodiscard]] inline Slot VTableAdder::forInterface(InterfaceName interfaceName, return_slot_t)
     {
-        inputParamNames_ = std::move(paramNames);
-
-        return *this;
+        return object_.addVTable(std::move(interfaceName), std::move(vtable_), return_slot);
     }
 
-    template <typename... _String>
-    inline MethodRegistrator& MethodRegistrator::withInputParamNames(_String... paramNames)
+    [[nodiscard]] inline Slot VTableAdder::forInterface(std::string interfaceName, return_slot_t)
     {
-        static_assert(std::conjunction_v<std::is_convertible<_String, std::string>...>, "Parameter names must be (convertible to) strings");
-
-        return withInputParamNames({paramNames...});
-    }
-
-    inline MethodRegistrator& MethodRegistrator::withOutputParamNames(std::vector<std::string> paramNames)
-    {
-        outputParamNames_ = std::move(paramNames);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename... _String>
-    inline MethodRegistrator& MethodRegistrator::withOutputParamNames(_String... paramNames)
-    {
-        static_assert(std::conjunction_v<std::is_convertible<_String, std::string>...>, "Parameter names must be (convertible to) strings");
-
-        return withOutputParamNames({paramNames...});
-    }
-
-    inline MethodRegistrator& MethodRegistrator::markAsDeprecated()
-    {
-        flags_.set(Flags::DEPRECATED);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline MethodRegistrator& MethodRegistrator::markAsPrivileged()
-    {
-        flags_.set(Flags::PRIVILEGED);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline MethodRegistrator& MethodRegistrator::withNoReply()
-    {
-        flags_.set(Flags::METHOD_NO_REPLY);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    /*** ----------------- ***/
-    /*** SignalRegistrator ***/
-    /*** ----------------- ***/
-
-    inline SignalRegistrator::SignalRegistrator(IObject& object, std::string signalName)
-        : object_(object)
-        , signalName_(std::move(signalName))
-        , exceptions_(std::uncaught_exceptions())
-    {
-    }
-
-    inline SignalRegistrator::~SignalRegistrator() noexcept(false) // since C++11, destructors must
-    {                                                              // explicitly be allowed to throw
-        // Don't register the signal if SignalRegistrator threw an exception in one of its methods
-        if (std::uncaught_exceptions() != exceptions_)
-            return;
-
-        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
-
-        // registerSignal() can throw. But as the SignalRegistrator shall always be used as an unnamed,
-        // temporary object, i.e. not as a stack-allocated object, the double-exception situation
-        // shall never happen. I.e. it should not happen that this destructor is directly called
-        // in the stack-unwinding process of another flying exception (which would lead to immediate
-        // termination). It can be called indirectly in the destructor of another object, but that's
-        // fine and safe provided that the caller catches exceptions thrown from here.
-        // Therefore, we can allow registerSignal() to throw even if we are in the destructor.
-        // Bottomline is, to be on the safe side, the caller must take care of catching and reacting
-        // to the exception thrown from here if the caller is a destructor itself.
-        object_.registerSignal( interfaceName_
-                              , std::move(signalName_)
-                              , std::move(signalSignature_)
-                              , paramNames_
-                              , std::move(flags_) );
-    }
-
-    inline SignalRegistrator& SignalRegistrator::onInterface(std::string interfaceName)
-    {
-        interfaceName_ = std::move(interfaceName);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename... _Args>
-    inline SignalRegistrator& SignalRegistrator::withParameters()
-    {
-        signalSignature_ = signature_of_function_input_arguments<void(_Args...)>::str();
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename... _Args>
-    inline SignalRegistrator& SignalRegistrator::withParameters(std::vector<std::string> paramNames)
-    {
-        paramNames_ = std::move(paramNames);
-
-        return withParameters<_Args...>();
-    }
-
-    template <typename... _Args, typename... _String>
-    inline SignalRegistrator& SignalRegistrator::withParameters(_String... paramNames)
-    {
-        static_assert(std::conjunction_v<std::is_convertible<_String, std::string>...>, "Parameter names must be (convertible to) strings");
-        static_assert(sizeof...(_Args) == sizeof...(_String), "Numbers of signal parameters and their names don't match");
-
-        return withParameters<_Args...>({paramNames...});
-    }
-
-    inline SignalRegistrator& SignalRegistrator::markAsDeprecated()
-    {
-        flags_.set(Flags::DEPRECATED);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    /*** ------------------- ***/
-    /*** PropertyRegistrator ***/
-    /*** ------------------- ***/
-
-    inline PropertyRegistrator::PropertyRegistrator(IObject& object, const std::string& propertyName)
-        : object_(object)
-        , propertyName_(propertyName)
-        , exceptions_(std::uncaught_exceptions())
-    {
-    }
-
-    inline PropertyRegistrator::~PropertyRegistrator() noexcept(false) // since C++11, destructors must
-    {                                                                  // explicitly be allowed to throw
-        // Don't register the property if PropertyRegistrator threw an exception in one of its methods
-        if (std::uncaught_exceptions() != exceptions_)
-            return;
-
-        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
-
-        // registerProperty() can throw. But as the PropertyRegistrator shall always be used as an unnamed,
-        // temporary object, i.e. not as a stack-allocated object, the double-exception situation
-        // shall never happen. I.e. it should not happen that this destructor is directly called
-        // in the stack-unwinding process of another flying exception (which would lead to immediate
-        // termination). It can be called indirectly in the destructor of another object, but that's
-        // fine and safe provided that the caller catches exceptions thrown from here.
-        // Therefore, we can allow registerProperty() to throw even if we are in the destructor.
-        // Bottomline is, to be on the safe side, the caller must take care of catching and reacting
-        // to the exception thrown from here if the caller is a destructor itself.
-        object_.registerProperty( interfaceName_
-                                , propertyName_
-                                , propertySignature_
-                                , std::move(getter_)
-                                , std::move(setter_)
-                                , flags_ );
-    }
-
-    inline PropertyRegistrator& PropertyRegistrator::onInterface(std::string interfaceName)
-    {
-        interfaceName_ = std::move(interfaceName);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename _Function>
-    inline PropertyRegistrator& PropertyRegistrator::withGetter(_Function&& callback)
-    {
-        static_assert(function_argument_count_v<_Function> == 0, "Property getter function must not take any arguments");
-        static_assert(!std::is_void<function_result_t<_Function>>::value, "Property getter function must return property value");
-
-        if (propertySignature_.empty())
-            propertySignature_ = signature_of_function_output_arguments<_Function>::str();
-
-        getter_ = [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](PropertyGetReply& reply)
-        {
-            // Get the propety value and serialize it into the pre-constructed reply message
-            reply << callback();
-        };
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    template <typename _Function>
-    inline PropertyRegistrator& PropertyRegistrator::withSetter(_Function&& callback)
-    {
-        static_assert(function_argument_count_v<_Function> == 1, "Property setter function must take one parameter - the property value");
-        static_assert(std::is_void<function_result_t<_Function>>::value, "Property setter function must not return any value");
-
-        if (propertySignature_.empty())
-            propertySignature_ = signature_of_function_input_arguments<_Function>::str();
-
-        setter_ = [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](PropertySetCall& call)
-        {
-            // Default-construct property value
-            using property_type = function_argument_t<_Function, 0>;
-            std::decay_t<property_type> property;
-
-            // Deserialize property value from the incoming call message
-            call >> property;
-
-            // Invoke setter with the value
-            callback(property);
-        };
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline PropertyRegistrator& PropertyRegistrator::markAsDeprecated()
-    {
-        flags_.set(Flags::DEPRECATED);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline PropertyRegistrator& PropertyRegistrator::markAsPrivileged()
-    {
-        flags_.set(Flags::PRIVILEGED);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline PropertyRegistrator& PropertyRegistrator::withUpdateBehavior(Flags::PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags behavior)
-    {
-        flags_.set(behavior);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    /*** -------------------- ***/
-    /*** InterfaceFlagsSetter ***/
-    /*** -------------------- ***/
-
-    inline InterfaceFlagsSetter::InterfaceFlagsSetter(IObject& object, const std::string& interfaceName)
-        : object_(object)
-        , interfaceName_(interfaceName)
-        , exceptions_(std::uncaught_exceptions())
-    {
-    }
-
-    inline InterfaceFlagsSetter::~InterfaceFlagsSetter() noexcept(false) // since C++11, destructors must
-    {                                                                    // explicitly be allowed to throw
-        // Don't set any flags if InterfaceFlagsSetter threw an exception in one of its methods
-        if (std::uncaught_exceptions() != exceptions_)
-            return;
-
-        // setInterfaceFlags() can throw. But as the InterfaceFlagsSetter shall always be used as an unnamed,
-        // temporary object, i.e. not as a stack-allocated object, the double-exception situation
-        // shall never happen. I.e. it should not happen that this destructor is directly called
-        // in the stack-unwinding process of another flying exception (which would lead to immediate
-        // termination). It can be called indirectly in the destructor of another object, but that's
-        // fine and safe provided that the caller catches exceptions thrown from here.
-        // Therefore, we can allow setInterfaceFlags() to throw even if we are in the destructor.
-        // Bottomline is, to be on the safe side, the caller must take care of catching and reacting
-        // to the exception thrown from here if the caller is a destructor itself.
-        object_.setInterfaceFlags(interfaceName_, std::move(flags_));
-    }
-
-    inline InterfaceFlagsSetter& InterfaceFlagsSetter::markAsDeprecated()
-    {
-        flags_.set(Flags::DEPRECATED);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline InterfaceFlagsSetter& InterfaceFlagsSetter::markAsPrivileged()
-    {
-        flags_.set(Flags::PRIVILEGED);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline InterfaceFlagsSetter& InterfaceFlagsSetter::withNoReplyMethods()
-    {
-        flags_.set(Flags::METHOD_NO_REPLY);
-
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    inline InterfaceFlagsSetter& InterfaceFlagsSetter::withPropertyUpdateBehavior(Flags::PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags behavior)
-    {
-        flags_.set(behavior);
-
-        return *this;
+        return forInterface(InterfaceName{std::move(interfaceName)}, return_slot);
     }
 
     /*** ------------- ***/
     /*** SignalEmitter ***/
     /*** ------------- ***/
 
-    inline SignalEmitter::SignalEmitter(IObject& object, const std::string& signalName)
+    inline SignalEmitter::SignalEmitter(IObject& object, const SignalName& signalName)
+        : SignalEmitter(object, signalName.c_str())
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline SignalEmitter::SignalEmitter(IObject& object, const char* signalName)
         : object_(object)
         , signalName_(signalName)
         , exceptions_(std::uncaught_exceptions())
@@ -440,7 +107,17 @@ namespace sdbus {
         object_.emitSignal(signal_);
     }
 
+    inline SignalEmitter& SignalEmitter::onInterface(const InterfaceName& interfaceName)
+    {
+        return onInterface(interfaceName.c_str());
+    }
+
     inline SignalEmitter& SignalEmitter::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    {
+        return onInterface(interfaceName.c_str());
+    }
+
+    inline SignalEmitter& SignalEmitter::onInterface(const char* interfaceName)
     {
         signal_ = object_.createSignal(interfaceName, signalName_);
 
@@ -459,7 +136,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
     /*** MethodInvoker ***/
     /*** ------------- ***/
 
-    inline MethodInvoker::MethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& methodName)
+    inline MethodInvoker::MethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const MethodName& methodName)
+        : MethodInvoker(proxy, methodName.c_str())
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline MethodInvoker::MethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const char* methodName)
         : proxy_(proxy)
         , methodName_(methodName)
         , exceptions_(std::uncaught_exceptions())
@@ -485,7 +167,17 @@ namespace sdbus {
         proxy_.callMethod(method_, timeout_);
     }
 
+    inline MethodInvoker& MethodInvoker::onInterface(const InterfaceName& interfaceName)
+    {
+        return onInterface(interfaceName.c_str());
+    }
+
     inline MethodInvoker& MethodInvoker::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    {
+        return onInterface(interfaceName.c_str());
+    }
+
+    inline MethodInvoker& MethodInvoker::onInterface(const char* interfaceName)
     {
         method_ = proxy_.createMethodCall(interfaceName, methodName_);
 
@@ -538,13 +230,28 @@ namespace sdbus {
     /*** AsyncMethodInvoker ***/
     /*** ------------------ ***/
 
-    inline AsyncMethodInvoker::AsyncMethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& methodName)
+    inline AsyncMethodInvoker::AsyncMethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const MethodName& methodName)
+        : AsyncMethodInvoker(proxy, methodName.c_str())
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline AsyncMethodInvoker::AsyncMethodInvoker(IProxy& proxy, const char* methodName)
         : proxy_(proxy)
         , methodName_(methodName)
     {
     }
 
+    inline AsyncMethodInvoker& AsyncMethodInvoker::onInterface(const InterfaceName& interfaceName)
+    {
+        return onInterface(interfaceName.c_str());
+    }
+
     inline AsyncMethodInvoker& AsyncMethodInvoker::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    {
+        return onInterface(interfaceName.c_str());
+    }
+
+    inline AsyncMethodInvoker& AsyncMethodInvoker::onInterface(const char* interfaceName)
     {
         method_ = proxy_.createMethodCall(interfaceName, methodName_);
 
@@ -580,14 +287,31 @@ namespace sdbus {
     {
         assert(method_.isValid()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
-        auto asyncReplyHandler = [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](MethodReply& reply, const Error* error)
+        return proxy_.callMethodAsync(method_, makeAsyncReplyHandler(std::forward<_Function>(callback)), timeout_);
+    }
+
+    template <typename _Function>
+    [[nodiscard]] Slot AsyncMethodInvoker::uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
+    {
+        assert(method_.isValid()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+
+        return proxy_.callMethodAsync( method_
+                                     , makeAsyncReplyHandler(std::forward<_Function>(callback))
+                                     , timeout_
+                                     , return_slot );
+    }
+
+    template <typename _Function>
+    inline async_reply_handler AsyncMethodInvoker::makeAsyncReplyHandler(_Function&& callback)
+    {
+        return [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](MethodReply reply, std::optional<Error> error)
         {
             // Create a tuple of callback input arguments' types, which will be used
             // as a storage for the argument values deserialized from the message.
             tuple_of_function_input_arg_types_t<_Function> args;
 
             // Deserialize input arguments from the message into the tuple (if no error occurred).
-            if (error == nullptr)
+            if (!error)
             {
                 try
                 {
@@ -595,19 +319,16 @@ namespace sdbus {
                 }
                 catch (const Error& e)
                 {
-                    // Catch message unpack exceptions and pass them to the callback
-                    // in the expected manner to avoid propagating them up the call
-                    // stack to the event loop.
-                    sdbus::apply(callback, &e, args);
+                    // Pass message deserialization exceptions to the client via callback error parameter,
+                    // instead of propagating them up the message loop call stack.
+                    sdbus::apply(callback, e, args);
                     return;
                 }
             }
 
             // Invoke callback with input arguments from the tuple.
-            sdbus::apply(callback, error, args);
+            sdbus::apply(callback, std::move(error), args);
         };
-
-        return proxy_.callMethod(method_, std::move(asyncReplyHandler), timeout_);
     }
 
     template <typename... _Args>
@@ -616,15 +337,15 @@ namespace sdbus {
         auto promise = std::make_shared<std::promise<future_return_t<_Args...>>>();
         auto future = promise->get_future();
 
-        uponReplyInvoke([promise = std::move(promise)](const Error* error, _Args... args)
+        uponReplyInvoke([promise = std::move(promise)](std::optional<Error> error, _Args... args)
         {
-            if (error == nullptr)
+            if (!error)
                 if constexpr (!std::is_void_v<future_return_t<_Args...>>)
                     promise->set_value({std::move(args)...});
                 else
                     promise->set_value();
             else
-                promise->set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*error));
+                promise->set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*std::move(error)));
         });
 
         // Will be std::future<void> for no D-Bus method return value
@@ -637,13 +358,28 @@ namespace sdbus {
     /*** SignalSubscriber ***/
     /*** ---------------- ***/
 
-    inline SignalSubscriber::SignalSubscriber(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& signalName)
+    inline SignalSubscriber::SignalSubscriber(IProxy& proxy, const SignalName& signalName)
+        : SignalSubscriber(proxy, signalName.c_str())
+    {
+    }
+
+    inline SignalSubscriber::SignalSubscriber(IProxy& proxy, const char* signalName)
         : proxy_(proxy)
         , signalName_(signalName)
     {
     }
 
-    inline SignalSubscriber& SignalSubscriber::onInterface(std::string interfaceName)
+    inline SignalSubscriber& SignalSubscriber::onInterface(const InterfaceName& interfaceName)
+    {
+        return onInterface(interfaceName.c_str());
+    }
+
+    inline SignalSubscriber& SignalSubscriber::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    {
+        return onInterface(interfaceName.c_str());
+    }
+
+    inline SignalSubscriber& SignalSubscriber::onInterface(const char* interfaceName)
     {
         interfaceName_ = std::move(interfaceName);
 
@@ -653,20 +389,37 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _Function>
     inline void SignalSubscriber::call(_Function&& callback)
     {
-        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
         proxy_.registerSignalHandler( interfaceName_
                                     , signalName_
-                                    , [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](Signal& signal)
+                                    , makeSignalHandler(std::forward<_Function>(callback)) );
+    }
+
+    template <typename _Function>
+    [[nodiscard]] inline Slot SignalSubscriber::call(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
+    {
+        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+
+        return proxy_.registerSignalHandler( interfaceName_
+                                           , signalName_
+                                           , makeSignalHandler(std::forward<_Function>(callback))
+                                           , return_slot );
+    }
+
+    template <typename _Function>
+    inline signal_handler SignalSubscriber::makeSignalHandler(_Function&& callback)
+    {
+        return [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](Signal signal)
         {
             // Create a tuple of callback input arguments' types, which will be used
             // as a storage for the argument values deserialized from the signal message.
             tuple_of_function_input_arg_types_t<_Function> signalArgs;
 
-            // The signal handler can take pure signal parameters only, or an additional `const Error*` as its first
+            // The signal handler can take pure signal parameters only, or an additional `std::optional<Error>` as its first
             // parameter. In the former case, if the deserialization fails (e.g. due to signature mismatch),
             // the failure is ignored (and signal simply dropped). In the latter case, the deserialization failure
-            // will be communicated as a non-zero Error pointer to the client's signal handler.
+            // will be communicated to the client's signal handler as a valid Error object inside the std::optional parameter.
             if constexpr (has_error_param_v<_Function>)
             {
                 // Deserialize input arguments from the signal message into the tuple
@@ -676,12 +429,14 @@ namespace sdbus {
                 }
                 catch (const sdbus::Error& e)
                 {
-                    // Invoke callback with error argument and input arguments from the tuple.
-                    sdbus::apply(callback, &e, signalArgs);
+                    // Pass message deserialization exceptions to the client via callback error parameter,
+                    // instead of propagating them up the message loop call stack.
+                    sdbus::apply(callback, e, signalArgs);
+                    return;
                 }
 
                 // Invoke callback with no error and input arguments from the tuple.
-                sdbus::apply(callback, nullptr, signalArgs);
+                sdbus::apply(callback, {}, signalArgs);
             }
             else
             {
@@ -691,39 +446,24 @@ namespace sdbus {
                 // Invoke callback with input arguments from the tuple.
                 sdbus::apply(callback, signalArgs);
             }
-        });
-    }
-
-    /*** ------------------ ***/
-    /*** SignalUnsubscriber ***/
-    /*** ------------------ ***/
-
-    inline SignalUnsubscriber::SignalUnsubscriber(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& signalName)
-        : proxy_(proxy)
-        , signalName_(signalName)
-    {
-    }
-
-    inline void SignalUnsubscriber::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
-    {
-        proxy_.unregisterSignalHandler(interfaceName, signalName_);
+        };
     }
 
     /*** -------------- ***/
     /*** PropertyGetter ***/
     /*** -------------- ***/
 
-    inline PropertyGetter::PropertyGetter(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& propertyName)
+    inline PropertyGetter::PropertyGetter(IProxy& proxy, std::string_view propertyName)
         : proxy_(proxy)
-        , propertyName_(propertyName)
+        , propertyName_(std::move(propertyName))
     {
     }
 
-    inline Variant PropertyGetter::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    inline Variant PropertyGetter::onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName)
     {
         Variant var;
         proxy_.callMethod("Get")
-              .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
+              .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
               .withArguments(interfaceName, propertyName_)
               .storeResultsTo(var);
         return var;
@@ -733,15 +473,15 @@ namespace sdbus {
     /*** AsyncPropertyGetter ***/
     /*** ------------------- ***/
 
-    inline AsyncPropertyGetter::AsyncPropertyGetter(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& propertyName)
-            : proxy_(proxy)
-            , propertyName_(propertyName)
+    inline AsyncPropertyGetter::AsyncPropertyGetter(IProxy& proxy, std::string_view propertyName)
+        : proxy_(proxy)
+        , propertyName_(std::move(propertyName))
     {
     }
 
-    inline AsyncPropertyGetter& AsyncPropertyGetter::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    inline AsyncPropertyGetter& AsyncPropertyGetter::onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName)
     {
-        interfaceName_ = &interfaceName;
+        interfaceName_ = std::move(interfaceName);
 
         return *this;
     }
@@ -749,23 +489,38 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _Function>
     PendingAsyncCall AsyncPropertyGetter::uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback)
     {
-        static_assert(std::is_invocable_r_v<void, _Function, const Error*, Variant>, "Property get callback function must accept Error* and property value as Variant");
+        static_assert( std::is_invocable_r_v<void, _Function, std::optional<Error>, Variant>
+                     , "Property get callback function must accept std::optional<Error> and property value as Variant" );
 
-        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
         return proxy_.callMethodAsync("Get")
-                     .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
-                     .withArguments(*interfaceName_, propertyName_)
+                     .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(interfaceName_, propertyName_)
                      .uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
     }
 
+    template <typename _Function>
+    [[nodiscard]] Slot AsyncPropertyGetter::uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
+    {
+        static_assert( std::is_invocable_r_v<void, _Function, std::optional<Error>, Variant>
+                     , "Property get callback function must accept std::optional<Error> and property value as Variant" );
+
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+
+        return proxy_.callMethodAsync("Get")
+                     .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(interfaceName_, propertyName_)
+                     .uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
+    }
+
     inline std::future<Variant> AsyncPropertyGetter::getResultAsFuture()
     {
-        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
         return proxy_.callMethodAsync("Get")
-                     .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
-                     .withArguments(*interfaceName_, propertyName_)
+                     .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(interfaceName_, propertyName_)
                      .getResultAsFuture<Variant>();
     }
 
@@ -773,15 +528,15 @@ namespace sdbus {
     /*** PropertySetter ***/
     /*** -------------- ***/
 
-    inline PropertySetter::PropertySetter(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& propertyName)
+    inline PropertySetter::PropertySetter(IProxy& proxy, std::string_view propertyName)
         : proxy_(proxy)
-        , propertyName_(propertyName)
+        , propertyName_(std::move(propertyName))
     {
     }
 
-    inline PropertySetter& PropertySetter::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    inline PropertySetter& PropertySetter::onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName)
     {
-        interfaceName_ = &interfaceName;
+        interfaceName_ = std::move(interfaceName);
 
         return *this;
     }
@@ -800,36 +555,36 @@ namespace sdbus {
 
     inline void PropertySetter::toValue(const Variant& value)
     {
-        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
         proxy_.callMethod("Set")
-              .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
-              .withArguments(*interfaceName_, propertyName_, value);
+              .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+              .withArguments(interfaceName_, propertyName_, value);
     }
 
     inline void PropertySetter::toValue(const Variant& value, dont_expect_reply_t)
     {
-        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
         proxy_.callMethod("Set")
-                .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
-                .withArguments(*interfaceName_, propertyName_, value)
-                .dontExpectReply();
+              .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+              .withArguments(interfaceName_, propertyName_, value)
+              .dontExpectReply();
     }
 
     /*** ------------------- ***/
     /*** AsyncPropertySetter ***/
     /*** ------------------- ***/
 
-    inline AsyncPropertySetter::AsyncPropertySetter(IProxy& proxy, const std::string& propertyName)
-            : proxy_(proxy)
-            , propertyName_(propertyName)
+    inline AsyncPropertySetter::AsyncPropertySetter(IProxy& proxy, std::string_view propertyName)
+        : proxy_(proxy)
+        , propertyName_(propertyName)
     {
     }
 
-    inline AsyncPropertySetter& AsyncPropertySetter::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    inline AsyncPropertySetter& AsyncPropertySetter::onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName)
     {
-        interfaceName_ = &interfaceName;
+        interfaceName_ = std::move(interfaceName);
 
         return *this;
     }
@@ -850,23 +605,38 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _Function>
     PendingAsyncCall AsyncPropertySetter::uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback)
     {
-        static_assert(std::is_invocable_r_v<void, _Function, const Error*>, "Property set callback function must accept Error* only");
+        static_assert( std::is_invocable_r_v<void, _Function, std::optional<Error>>
+                     , "Property set callback function must accept std::optional<Error> only" );
 
-        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
         return proxy_.callMethodAsync("Set")
-                     .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
-                     .withArguments(*interfaceName_, propertyName_, std::move(value_))
+                     .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(interfaceName_, propertyName_, std::move(value_))
                      .uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
     }
 
+    template <typename _Function>
+    [[nodiscard]] Slot AsyncPropertySetter::uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
+    {
+        static_assert( std::is_invocable_r_v<void, _Function, std::optional<Error>>
+                     , "Property set callback function must accept std::optional<Error> only" );
+
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+
+        return proxy_.callMethodAsync("Set")
+                     .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(interfaceName_, propertyName_, std::move(value_))
+                     .uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
+    }
+
     inline std::future<void> AsyncPropertySetter::getResultAsFuture()
     {
-        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
         return proxy_.callMethodAsync("Set")
-                     .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
-                     .withArguments(*interfaceName_, propertyName_, std::move(value_))
+                     .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(interfaceName_, propertyName_, std::move(value_))
                      .getResultAsFuture<>();
     }
 
@@ -875,17 +645,17 @@ namespace sdbus {
     /*** ------------------- ***/
 
     inline AllPropertiesGetter::AllPropertiesGetter(IProxy& proxy)
-            : proxy_(proxy)
+        : proxy_(proxy)
     {
     }
 
-    inline std::map<std::string, Variant> AllPropertiesGetter::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    inline std::map<PropertyName, Variant> AllPropertiesGetter::onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName)
     {
-        std::map<std::string, Variant> props;
+        std::map<PropertyName, Variant> props;
         proxy_.callMethod("GetAll")
-                .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
-                .withArguments(interfaceName)
-                .storeResultsTo(props);
+              .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+              .withArguments(std::move(interfaceName))
+              .storeResultsTo(props);
         return props;
     }
 
@@ -898,9 +668,9 @@ namespace sdbus {
     {
     }
 
-    inline AsyncAllPropertiesGetter& AsyncAllPropertiesGetter::onInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    inline AsyncAllPropertiesGetter& AsyncAllPropertiesGetter::onInterface(std::string_view interfaceName)
     {
-        interfaceName_ = &interfaceName;
+        interfaceName_ = std::move(interfaceName);
 
         return *this;
     }
@@ -908,27 +678,41 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _Function>
     PendingAsyncCall AsyncAllPropertiesGetter::uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback)
     {
-        static_assert( std::is_invocable_r_v<void, _Function, const Error*, std::map<std::string, Variant>>
-                     , "All properties get callback function must accept Error* and a map of property names to their values" );
+        static_assert( std::is_invocable_r_v<void, _Function, std::optional<Error>, std::map<PropertyName, Variant>>
+                     , "All properties get callback function must accept std::optional<Error> and a map of property names to their values" );
 
-        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
         return proxy_.callMethodAsync("GetAll")
-                     .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
-                     .withArguments(*interfaceName_)
+                     .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(interfaceName_)
                      .uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
     }
 
-    inline std::future<std::map<std::string, Variant>> AsyncAllPropertiesGetter::getResultAsFuture()
+    template <typename _Function>
+    [[nodiscard]] Slot AsyncAllPropertiesGetter::uponReplyInvoke(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
     {
-        assert(interfaceName_ != nullptr); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+        static_assert( std::is_invocable_r_v<void, _Function, std::optional<Error>, std::map<PropertyName, Variant>>
+                     , "All properties get callback function must accept std::optional<Error> and a map of property names to their values" );
+
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
 
         return proxy_.callMethodAsync("GetAll")
-                     .onInterface("org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties")
-                     .withArguments(*interfaceName_)
-                     .getResultAsFuture<std::map<std::string, Variant>>();
+                     .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(interfaceName_)
+                     .uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
     }
 
-}
+    inline std::future<std::map<PropertyName, Variant>> AsyncAllPropertiesGetter::getResultAsFuture()
+    {
+        assert(!interfaceName_.empty()); // onInterface() must be placed/called prior to this function
+
+        return proxy_.callMethodAsync("GetAll")
+                     .onInterface(DBUS_PROPERTIES_INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(interfaceName_)
+                     .getResultAsFuture<std::map<PropertyName, Variant>>();
+    }
+
+} // namespace sdbus
 
 #endif /* SDBUS_CPP_CONVENIENCEAPICLASSES_INL_ */

include/sdbus-c++/Error.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Error.h
  *
@@ -43,39 +43,56 @@ namespace sdbus {
         : public std::runtime_error
     {
     public:
-        explicit Error(const std::string& name, const char* message = nullptr)
-            : Error(name, std::string(message ? message : ""))
+        // Strong type representing the D-Bus error name
+        class Name : public std::string
+        {
+        public:
+            Name() = default;
+            explicit Name(std::string value)
+                : std::string(std::move(value))
+            {}
+            explicit Name(const char* value)
+                : std::string(value)
+            {}
+
+            using std::string::operator=;
+        };
+
+        explicit Error(Name name, const char* message = nullptr)
+            : Error(std::move(name), std::string(message ? message : ""))
         {
         }
 
-        Error(const std::string& name, const std::string& message)
+        Error(Name name, std::string message)
             : std::runtime_error("[" + name + "] " + message)
-            , name_(name)
-            , message_(message)
+            , name_(std::move(name))
+            , message_(std::move(message))
         {
         }
 
-        const std::string& getName() const
+        [[nodiscard]] const Name& getName() const
         {
             return name_;
         }
 
-        const std::string& getMessage() const
+        [[nodiscard]] const std::string& getMessage() const
         {
             return message_;
         }
 
-        bool isValid() const
+        [[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const
         {
             return !getName().empty();
         }
 
     private:
-        std::string name_;
+        Name name_;
         std::string message_;
     };
 
-    sdbus::Error createError(int errNo, const std::string& customMsg);
+    Error createError(int errNo, std::string customMsg);
+
+    inline const Error::Name SDBUSCPP_ERROR_NAME{"org.sdbuscpp.Error"};
 }
 
 #define SDBUS_THROW_ERROR(_MSG, _ERRNO)                         \

include/sdbus-c++/Flags.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Flags.h
  *
@@ -74,21 +74,21 @@ namespace sdbus {
             flags_.set(flag, value);
         }
 
-        bool test(GeneralFlags flag) const
+        [[nodiscard]] bool test(GeneralFlags flag) const
         {
             return flags_.test(flag);
         }
 
-        bool test(PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags flag) const
+        [[nodiscard]] bool test(PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags flag) const
         {
             return flags_.test(flag);
         }
 
-        uint64_t toSdBusInterfaceFlags() const;
-        uint64_t toSdBusMethodFlags() const;
-        uint64_t toSdBusSignalFlags() const;
-        uint64_t toSdBusPropertyFlags() const;
-        uint64_t toSdBusWritablePropertyFlags() const;
+        [[nodiscard]] uint64_t toSdBusInterfaceFlags() const;
+        [[nodiscard]] uint64_t toSdBusMethodFlags() const;
+        [[nodiscard]] uint64_t toSdBusSignalFlags() const;
+        [[nodiscard]] uint64_t toSdBusPropertyFlags() const;
+        [[nodiscard]] uint64_t toSdBusWritablePropertyFlags() const;
 
     private:
         std::bitset<FLAG_COUNT> flags_;

include/sdbus-c++/IConnection.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file IConnection.h
  *
@@ -28,13 +28,22 @@
 #define SDBUS_CXX_ICONNECTION_H_
 
 #include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <memory>
+
 #include <chrono>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <memory>
 #include <optional>
+#include <string>
 
+// Forward declarations
 struct sd_bus;
+struct sd_event;
+namespace sdbus {
+    class Message;
+    class ObjectPath;
+    class BusName;
+    using ServiceName = BusName;
+}
 
 namespace sdbus {
 
@@ -51,90 +60,10 @@ namespace sdbus {
     class IConnection
     {
     public:
-        /*!
-         * Poll Data for external event loop implementations.
-         *
-         * To integrate sdbus with your app's own custom event handling system
-         * you can use this method to query which file descriptors, poll events
-         * and timeouts you should add to your app's poll(2), or select(2)
-         * call in your main event loop.
-         *
-         * If you are unsure what this all means then use
-         * enterEventLoop() or enterEventLoopAsync() instead.
-         *
-         * See: getEventLoopPollData()
-         */
-        struct PollData
-        {
-            /*!
-             * The read fd to be monitored by the event loop.
-             */
-            int fd;
-            /*!
-             * The events to use for poll(2) alongside fd.
-             */
-            short int events;
-
-            /*!
-             * Absolute timeout value in micro seconds and based of CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
-             */
-            uint64_t timeout_usec;
-
-            /*!
-             * Get the event poll timeout.
-             *
-             * The timeout is an absolute value based of CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
-             *
-             * @return a duration since the CLOCK_MONOTONIC epoch started.
-             */
-            [[nodiscard]] std::chrono::microseconds getAbsoluteTimeout() const
-            {
-                return std::chrono::microseconds(timeout_usec);
-            }
-
-            /*!
-             * Get the timeout as relative value from now
-             *
-             * @return std::nullopt if the timeout is indefinite. A duration otherwise.
-             */
-            [[nodiscard]] std::optional<std::chrono::microseconds> getRelativeTimeout() const;
-
-            /*!
-             * Get a converted, relative timeout which can be passed as argument 'timeout' to poll(2)
-             *
-             * @return -1 if the timeout is indefinite. 0 if the poll(2) shouldn't block. An integer in milli
-             * seconds otherwise.
-             */
-            [[nodiscard]] int getPollTimeout() const;
-        };
+        struct PollData;
 
         virtual ~IConnection() = default;
 
-        /*!
-         * @brief Requests D-Bus name on the connection
-         *
-         * @param[in] name Name to request
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void requestName(const std::string& name) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Releases D-Bus name on the connection
-         *
-         * @param[in] name Name to release
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void releaseName(const std::string& name) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Retrieve the unique name of a connection. E.g. ":1.xx"
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual std::string getUniqueName() const = 0;
-
         /*!
          * @brief Enters I/O event loop on this bus connection
          *
@@ -163,61 +92,103 @@ namespace sdbus {
         virtual void leaveEventLoop() = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Adds an ObjectManager at the specified D-Bus object path
+         * @brief Attaches the bus connection to an sd-event event loop
          *
-         * Creates an ObjectManager interface at the specified object path on
-         * the connection. This is a convenient way to interrogate a connection
-         * to see what objects it has.
-         *
-         * This call creates a floating registration. The ObjectManager will
-         * be there for the object path until the connection is destroyed.
-         *
-         * Another, recommended way to add object managers is directly through
-         * IObject API.
+         * @param[in] event sd-event event loop object
+         * @param[in] priority Specified priority
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         *
+         * See `man sd_bus_attach_event'.
          */
-        [[deprecated("Use one of other addObjectManager overloads")]] virtual void addObjectManager(const std::string& objectPath) = 0;
+        virtual void attachSdEventLoop(sd_event *event, int priority = 0) = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Returns fd, I/O events and timeout data you can pass to poll
-         *
-         * To integrate sdbus with your app's own custom event handling system
-         * (without the requirement of an extra thread), you can use this
-         * method to query which file descriptors, poll events and timeouts you
-         * should add to your app's poll call in your main event loop. If these
-         * file descriptors signal, then you should call processPendingRequest
-         * to process the event. This means that all of sdbus's callbacks will
-         * arrive on your app's main event thread (opposed to on a thread created
-         * by sdbus-c++). If you are unsure what this all means then use
-         * enterEventLoop() or enterEventLoopAsync() instead.
-         *
-         * To integrate sdbus-c++ into a gtk app, pass the file descriptor returned
-         * by this method to g_main_context_add_poll.
+         * @brief Detaches the bus connection from an sd-event event loop
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual PollData getEventLoopPollData() const = 0;
+        virtual void detachSdEventLoop() = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Process a pending request
+         * @brief Gets current sd-event event loop for the bus connection
          *
-         * @returns true if an event was processed, false if poll should be called
+         * @return Pointer to event loop object if attached, nullptr otherwise
+         */
+        virtual sd_event *getSdEventLoop() = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Returns fd's, I/O events and timeout data to be used in an external event loop
          *
-         * Processes a single dbus event. All of sdbus-c++'s callbacks will be called
-         * from within this method. This method should ONLY be used in conjuction
-         * with getEventLoopPollData().
-         * This method returns true if an I/O message was processed. This you can try
-         * to call this method again before going to poll on I/O events. The method
-         * returns false if no operations were pending, and the caller should then
-         * poll for I/O events before calling this method again.
-         * enterEventLoop() and enterEventLoopAsync() will call this method for you,
-         * so there is no need to call it when using these. If you are unsure what
-         * this all means then don't use this method.
+         * This function is useful to hook up a bus connection object with an
+         * external (like GMainLoop, boost::asio, etc.) or manual event loop
+         * involving poll() or a similar I/O polling call.
+         *
+         * Before **each** invocation of the I/O polling call, this function
+         * should be invoked. Returned PollData::fd file descriptor should
+         * be polled for the events indicated by PollData::events, and the I/O
+         * call should block for that up to the returned PollData::timeout.
+         *
+         * Additionally, returned PollData::eventFd should be polled for POLLIN
+         * events.
+         *
+         * After each I/O polling call the bus connection needs to process
+         * incoming or outgoing data, by invoking processPendingEvent().
+         *
+         * Note that the returned timeout should be considered only a maximum
+         * sleeping time. It is permissible (and even expected) that shorter
+         * timeouts are used by the calling program, in case other event sources
+         * are polled in the same event loop. Note that the returned time-value
+         * is absolute, based of CLOCK_MONOTONIC and specified in microseconds.
+         * Use PollData::getPollTimeout() to have the timeout value converted
+         * in a form that can be passed to poll(2).
+         *
+         * The bus connection conveniently integrates sd-event event loop.
+         * To attach the bus connection to an sd-event event loop, use
+         * attachSdEventLoop() function.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual bool processPendingRequest() = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual PollData getEventLoopPollData() const = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Processes a pending event
+         *
+         * @returns True if an event was processed, false if no operations were pending
+         *
+         * This function drives the D-Bus connection. It processes pending I/O events.
+         * Queued outgoing messages (or parts thereof) are sent out. Queued incoming
+         * messages are dispatched to registered callbacks. Timeouts are recalculated.
+         *
+         * It returns false when no operations were pending and true if a message was
+         * processed. When false is returned the caller should synchronously poll for
+         * I/O events before calling into processPendingEvent() again.
+         * Don't forget to call getEventLoopPollData() each time before the next poll.
+         *
+         * You don't need to directly call this method or getEventLoopPollData() method
+         * when using convenient, internal bus connection event loops through
+         * enterEventLoop() or enterEventLoopAsync() calls, or when the bus is
+         * connected to an sd-event event loop through attachSdEventLoop().
+         * It is invoked automatically when necessary.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual bool processPendingEvent() = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Provides access to the currently processed D-Bus message
+         *
+         * This method provides access to the currently processed incoming D-Bus message.
+         * "Currently processed" means that the registered callback handler(s) for that message
+         * are being invoked. This method is meant to be called from within a callback handler
+         * (e.g. from a D-Bus signal handler, or async method reply handler, etc.). In such a case it is
+         * guaranteed to return a valid D-Bus message instance for which the handler is called.
+         * If called from other contexts/threads, it may return a valid or invalid message, depending
+         * on whether a message was processed or not at the time of the call.
+         *
+         * @return Currently processed D-Bus message
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Message getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @brief Sets general method call timeout
@@ -248,10 +219,11 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual uint64_t getMethodCallTimeout() const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual uint64_t getMethodCallTimeout() const = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @brief Adds an ObjectManager at the specified D-Bus object path
+         * @param[in] objectPath Object path at which the ObjectManager interface shall be installed
          *
          * Creates an ObjectManager interface at the specified object path on
          * the connection. This is a convenient way to interrogate a connection
@@ -260,80 +232,198 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * This call creates a floating registration. The ObjectManager will
          * be there for the object path until the connection is destroyed.
          *
-         * Another, recommended way to add object managers is directly through
-         * IObject API.
+         * Another, recommended way to add object managers is directly through IObject API.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void addObjectManager(const std::string& objectPath, floating_slot_t) = 0;
+        virtual void addObjectManager(const ObjectPath& objectPath) = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Adds a match rule for incoming message dispatching
+         * @brief Adds an ObjectManager at the specified D-Bus object path
+         * @param[in] objectPath Object path at which the ObjectManager interface shall be installed
+         * @return Slot handle owning the registration
+         *
+         * Creates an ObjectManager interface at the specified object path on
+         * the connection. This is a convenient way to interrogate a connection
+         * to see what objects it has.
+         *
+         * This call returns an owning slot. The lifetime of the ObjectManager
+         * interface is bound to the lifetime of the returned slot instance.
+         *
+         * Another, recommended way to add object managers is directly through IObject API.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot addObjectManager(const ObjectPath& objectPath, return_slot_t) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Installs a floating match rule for messages received on this bus connection
          *
          * @param[in] match Match expression to filter incoming D-Bus message
-         * @param[in] callback Callback handler to be called upon incoming D-Bus message matching the rule
+         * @param[in] callback Callback handler to be called upon processing an inbound D-Bus message matching the rule
+         *
+         * The method installs a match rule for messages received on the specified bus connection.
+         * The syntax of the match rule expression passed in match is described in the D-Bus specification.
+         * The specified handler function callback is called for each incoming message matching the specified
+         * expression. The match is installed synchronously when connected to a bus broker, i.e. the call
+         * sends a control message requesting the match to be added to the broker and waits until the broker
+         * confirms the match has been installed successfully.
+         *
+         * The method installs a floating match rule for messages received on the specified bus connection.
+         * Floating means that the bus connection object owns the match rule, i.e. lifetime of the match rule
+         * is bound to the lifetime of the bus connection.
+         *
+         * For more information, consult `man sd_bus_add_match`.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual void addMatch(const std::string& match, message_handler callback) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Installs a match rule for messages received on this bus connection
+         *
+         * @param[in] match Match expression to filter incoming D-Bus message
+         * @param[in] callback Callback handler to be called upon processing an inbound D-Bus message matching the rule
          * @return RAII-style slot handle representing the ownership of the subscription
          *
          * The method installs a match rule for messages received on the specified bus connection.
          * The syntax of the match rule expression passed in match is described in the D-Bus specification.
          * The specified handler function callback is called for each incoming message matching the specified
          * expression. The match is installed synchronously when connected to a bus broker, i.e. the call
-         * sends a control message requested the match to be added to the broker and waits until the broker
+         * sends a control message requesting the match to be added to the broker and waits until the broker
          * confirms the match has been installed successfully.
          *
-         * Simply let go of the slot instance to uninstall the match rule from the bus connection. The slot
-         * must not outlive the connection for the slot is associated with it.
+         * The lifetime of the match rule is bound to the lifetime of the returned slot instance. Destroying
+         * the slot instance implies uninstalling of the match rule from the bus connection.
          *
          * For more information, consult `man sd_bus_add_match`.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot addMatch(const std::string& match, message_handler callback) = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot addMatch(const std::string& match, message_handler callback, return_slot_t) = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Adds a floating match rule for incoming message dispatching
+         * @brief Asynchronously installs a floating match rule for messages received on this bus connection
          *
          * @param[in] match Match expression to filter incoming D-Bus message
-         * @param[in] callback Callback handler to be called upon incoming D-Bus message matching the rule
+         * @param[in] callback Callback handler to be called upon processing an inbound D-Bus message matching the rule
+         * @param[in] installCallback Callback handler to be called upon processing an inbound D-Bus message matching the rule
+         *
+         * This method operates the same as `addMatch()` above, just that it installs the match rule asynchronously,
+         * in a non-blocking fashion. A request is sent to the broker, but the call does not wait for a response.
+         * The `installCallback' callable is called when the response is later received, with the response message
+         * from the broker as parameter. If it's an empty function object, a default implementation is used that
+         * terminates the bus connection should installing the match fail.
          *
          * The method installs a floating match rule for messages received on the specified bus connection.
          * Floating means that the bus connection object owns the match rule, i.e. lifetime of the match rule
          * is bound to the lifetime of the bus connection.
          *
-         * Refer to the @c addMatch(const std::string& match, message_handler callback) documentation for more
-         * information.
+         * For more information, consult `man sd_bus_add_match_async`.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void addMatch(const std::string& match, message_handler callback, floating_slot_t) = 0;
+        virtual void addMatchAsync(const std::string& match, message_handler callback, message_handler installCallback) = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @copydoc IConnection::enterEventLoop()
+         * @brief Asynchronously installs a match rule for messages received on this bus connection
          *
-         * @deprecated This function has been replaced by enterEventLoop()
+         * @param[in] match Match expression to filter incoming D-Bus message
+         * @param[in] callback Callback handler to be called upon processing an inbound D-Bus message matching the rule
+         * @param[in] installCallback Callback handler to be called upon processing an inbound D-Bus message matching the rule
+         * @return RAII-style slot handle representing the ownership of the subscription
+         *
+         * This method operates the same as `addMatch()` above, just that it installs the match rule asynchronously,
+         * in a non-blocking fashion. A request is sent to the broker, but the call does not wait for a response.
+         * The `installCallback' callable is called when the response is later received, with the response message
+         * from the broker as parameter. If it's an empty function object, a default implementation is used that
+         * terminates the bus connection should installing the match fail.
+         *
+         * The lifetime of the match rule is bound to the lifetime of the returned slot instance. Destroying
+         * the slot instance implies the uninstalling of the match rule from the bus connection.
+         *
+         * For more information, consult `man sd_bus_add_match_async`.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        [[deprecated("This function has been replaced by enterEventLoop()")]] void enterProcessingLoop();
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot addMatchAsync( const std::string& match
+                                                , message_handler callback
+                                                , message_handler installCallback
+                                                , return_slot_t ) = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @copydoc IConnection::enterEventLoopAsync()
+         * @brief Retrieves the unique name of a connection. E.g. ":1.xx"
          *
-         * @deprecated This function has been replaced by enterEventLoopAsync()
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        [[deprecated("This function has been replaced by enterEventLoopAsync()")]] void enterProcessingLoopAsync();
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual BusName getUniqueName() const = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @copydoc IConnection::leaveEventLoop()
+         * @brief Requests a well-known D-Bus service name on a bus
          *
-         * @deprecated This function has been replaced by leaveEventLoop()
+         * @param[in] name Name to request
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        [[deprecated("This function has been replaced by leaveEventLoop()")]] void leaveProcessingLoop();
+        virtual void requestName(const ServiceName& name) = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @copydoc IConnection::getEventLoopPollData()
+         * @brief Releases an acquired well-known D-Bus service name on a bus
          *
-         * @deprecated This function has been replaced by getEventLoopPollData()
+         * @param[in] name Name to release
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        [[deprecated("This function has been replaced by getEventLoopPollData()")]] PollData getProcessLoopPollData() const;
+        virtual void releaseName(const ServiceName& name) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @struct PollData
+         *
+         * Carries poll data needed for integration with external event loop implementations.
+         *
+         * See getEventLoopPollData() for more info.
+         */
+        struct PollData
+        {
+            /*!
+             * The read fd to be monitored by the event loop.
+             */
+            int fd;
+
+            /*!
+             * The events to use for poll(2) alongside fd.
+             */
+            short int events;
+
+            /*!
+             * Absolute timeout value in microseconds, based of CLOCK_MONOTONIC.
+             *
+             * Call getPollTimeout() to get timeout recalculated to relative timeout that can be passed to poll(2).
+             */
+            std::chrono::microseconds timeout;
+
+            /*!
+             * An additional event fd to be monitored by the event loop for POLLIN events.
+             */
+            int eventFd;
+
+            /*!
+             * Returns the timeout as relative value from now.
+             *
+             * Returned value is std::chrono::microseconds::max() if the timeout is indefinite.
+             *
+             * @return Relative timeout as a time duration
+             */
+            [[nodiscard]] std::chrono::microseconds getRelativeTimeout() const;
+
+            /*!
+             * Returns relative timeout in the form which can be passed as argument 'timeout' to poll(2)
+             *
+             * @return -1 if the timeout is indefinite. 0 if the poll(2) shouldn't block.
+             *         An integer in milliseconds otherwise.
+             */
+            [[nodiscard]] int getPollTimeout() const;
+        };
     };
 
     template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
@@ -343,45 +433,6 @@ namespace sdbus {
         return setMethodCallTimeout(microsecs.count());
     }
 
-    inline void IConnection::enterProcessingLoop()
-    {
-        enterEventLoop();
-    }
-
-    inline void IConnection::enterProcessingLoopAsync()
-    {
-        enterEventLoopAsync();
-    }
-
-    inline void IConnection::leaveProcessingLoop()
-    {
-        leaveEventLoop();
-    }
-
-    inline IConnection::PollData IConnection::getProcessLoopPollData() const
-    {
-        return getEventLoopPollData();
-    }
-
-    /*!
-     * @brief Creates/opens D-Bus system bus connection
-     *
-     * @return Connection instance
-     *
-     * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createConnection();
-
-    /*!
-     * @brief Creates/opens D-Bus system bus connection with a name
-     *
-     * @param[in] name Name to request on the connection after its opening
-     * @return Connection instance
-     *
-     * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-     */
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createConnection(const std::string& name);
-
     /*!
      * @brief Creates/opens D-Bus session bus connection when in a user context, and a system bus connection, otherwise.
      *
@@ -389,7 +440,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
      *
      * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
      */
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createDefaultBusConnection();
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createBusConnection();
 
     /*!
      * @brief Creates/opens D-Bus session bus connection with a name when in a user context, and a system bus connection with a name, otherwise.
@@ -399,7 +450,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
      *
      * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
      */
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createDefaultBusConnection(const std::string& name);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createBusConnection(const ServiceName& name);
 
     /*!
      * @brief Creates/opens D-Bus system bus connection
@@ -418,7 +469,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
      *
      * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
      */
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createSystemBusConnection(const std::string& name);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createSystemBusConnection(const ServiceName& name);
 
     /*!
      * @brief Creates/opens D-Bus session bus connection
@@ -437,7 +488,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
      *
      * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
      */
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createSessionBusConnection(const std::string& name);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> createSessionBusConnection(const ServiceName& name);
 
     /*!
      * @brief Creates/opens D-Bus session bus connection at a custom address

include/sdbus-c++/IObject.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file IObject.h
  *
@@ -28,17 +28,20 @@
 #define SDBUS_CXX_IOBJECT_H_
 
 #include <sdbus-c++/ConvenienceApiClasses.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/Flags.h>
+#include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
+#include <sdbus-c++/VTableItems.h>
+
 #include <functional>
-#include <string>
 #include <memory>
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 // Forward declarations
 namespace sdbus {
     class Signal;
     class IConnection;
+    class ObjectPath;
 }
 
 namespace sdbus {
@@ -58,186 +61,108 @@ namespace sdbus {
      ***********************************************/
     class IObject
     {
-    public:
+    public: // High-level, convenience API
         virtual ~IObject() = default;
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Registers method that the object will provide on D-Bus
+         * @brief Adds a declaration of methods, properties and signals of the object at a given interface
          *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the method will belong to
-         * @param[in] methodName Name of the method
-         * @param[in] inputSignature D-Bus signature of method input parameters
-         * @param[in] outputSignature D-Bus signature of method output parameters
-         * @param[in] methodCallback Callback that implements the body of the method
-         * @param[in] flags D-Bus method flags (privileged, deprecated, or no reply)
+         * @param[in] vtable Individual instances of VTable item structures stored in a vector
+         * @return VTableAdder high-level helper class
+         *
+         * This method is used to declare attributes for the object under the given interface.
+         * Parameter `vtable' represents a vtable definition that may contain method declarations
+         * (using MethodVTableItem struct), property declarations (using PropertyVTableItem
+         * struct), signal declarations (using SignalVTableItem struct), or global interface
+         * flags (using InterfaceFlagsVTableItem struct).
+         *
+         * An interface can have any number of vtables attached to it.
+         *
+         * Consult manual pages for the underlying `sd_bus_add_object_vtable` function for more information.
+         *
+         * The method can be called at any time during object's lifetime.
+         *
+         * When called like `addVTable(vtable).forInterface(interface)`, then an internal registration
+         * slot is created for that vtable and its lifetime is tied to the lifetime of the Object instance.
+         * When called like `addVTable(items...).forInterface(interface, sdbus::return_slot)`, then an internal
+         * registration slot is created for the vtable and is returned to the caller. Keeping the slot means
+         * keep the registration "alive". Destroying the slot means that the vtable is not needed anymore,
+         * and the vtable gets removed from the object. This allows for "dynamic" object API where vtables
+         * can be added or removed by the user at runtime.
+         *
+         * The function provides strong exception guarantee. The state of the object remains
+         * unmodified in face of an exception.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void registerMethod( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                   , std::string methodName
-                                   , std::string inputSignature
-                                   , std::string outputSignature
-                                   , method_callback methodCallback
-                                   , Flags flags = {} ) = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] VTableAdder addVTable(std::vector<VTableItem> vtable);
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Registers method that the object will provide on D-Bus
+         * @brief Adds a declaration of methods, properties and signals of the object at a given interface
          *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the method will belong to
-         * @param[in] methodName Name of the method
-         * @param[in] inputSignature D-Bus signature of method input parameters
-         * @param[in] inputNames Names of input parameters
-         * @param[in] outputSignature D-Bus signature of method output parameters
-         * @param[in] outputNames Names of output parameters
-         * @param[in] methodCallback Callback that implements the body of the method
-         * @param[in] flags D-Bus method flags (privileged, deprecated, or no reply)
+         * @param[in] items Individual instances of VTable item structures
+         * @return VTableAdder high-level helper class
          *
-         * Provided names of input and output parameters will be included in the introspection
-         * description (given that at least version 242 of underlying libsystemd library is
-         * used; otherwise, names of parameters are ignored). This usually helps better describe
-         * the API to the introspector.
+         * This method is used to declare attributes for the object under the given interface.
+         * Parameter pack contains vtable definition that may contain method declarations
+         * (using MethodVTableItem struct), property declarations (using PropertyVTableItem
+         * struct), signal declarations (using SignalVTableItem struct), or global interface
+         * flags (using InterfaceFlagsVTableItem struct).
+         *
+         * An interface can have any number of vtables attached to it.
+         *
+         * Consult manual pages for the underlying `sd_bus_add_object_vtable` function for more information.
+         *
+         * The method can be called at any time during object's lifetime.
+         *
+         * When called like `addVTable(items...).forInterface(interface)`, then an internal registration
+         * slot is created for that vtable and its lifetime is tied to the lifetime of the Object instance.
+         * When called like `addVTable(items...).forInterface(interface, sdbus::return_slot)`, then an internal
+         * registration slot is created for the vtable and is returned to the caller. Keeping the slot means
+         * keep the registration "alive". Destroying the slot means that the vtable is not needed anymore,
+         * and the vtable gets removed from the object. This allows for "dynamic" object API where vtables
+         * can be added or removed by the user at runtime.
+         *
+         * The function provides strong exception guarantee. The state of the object remains
+         * unmodified in face of an exception.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void registerMethod( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                   , std::string methodName
-                                   , std::string inputSignature
-                                   , const std::vector<std::string>& inputNames
-                                   , std::string outputSignature
-                                   , const std::vector<std::string>& outputNames
-                                   , method_callback methodCallback
-                                   , Flags flags = {} ) = 0;
+        template < typename... VTableItems
+                 , typename = std::enable_if_t<(is_one_of_variants_types<VTableItem, std::decay_t<VTableItems>> && ...)> >
+        [[nodiscard]] VTableAdder addVTable(VTableItems&&... items);
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Registers signal that the object will emit on D-Bus
+         * @brief Emits signal on D-Bus
          *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the signal will fall under
          * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
-         * @param[in] signature D-Bus signature of signal parameters
-         * @param[in] flags D-Bus signal flags (deprecated)
+         * @return A helper object for convenient emission of signals
+         *
+         * This is a high-level, convenience way of emitting D-Bus signals that abstracts
+         * from the D-Bus message concept. Signal arguments are automatically serialized
+         * in a message and D-Bus signatures automatically deduced from the provided native arguments.
+         *
+         * Example of use:
+         * @code
+         * int arg1 = ...;
+         * double arg2 = ...;
+         * SignalName fooSignal{"fooSignal"};
+         * object_.emitSignal(fooSignal).onInterface("com.kistler.foo").withArguments(arg1, arg2);
+         * @endcode
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void registerSignal( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                   , std::string signalName
-                                   , std::string signature
-                                   , Flags flags = {} ) = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] SignalEmitter emitSignal(const SignalName& signalName);
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Registers signal that the object will emit on D-Bus
-         *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the signal will fall under
-         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
-         * @param[in] signature D-Bus signature of signal parameters
-         * @param[in] paramNames Names of parameters of the signal
-         * @param[in] flags D-Bus signal flags (deprecated)
-         *
-         * Provided names of signal output parameters will be included in the introspection
-         * description (given that at least version 242 of underlying libsystemd library is
-         * used; otherwise, names of parameters are ignored). This usually helps better describe
-         * the API to the introspector.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         * @copydoc IObject::emitSignal(const SignalName&)
          */
-        virtual void registerSignal( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                   , std::string signalName
-                                   , std::string signature
-                                   , const std::vector<std::string>& paramNames
-                                   , Flags flags = {} ) = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] SignalEmitter emitSignal(const std::string& signalName);
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Registers read-only property that the object will provide on D-Bus
-         *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the property will fall under
-         * @param[in] propertyName Name of the property
-         * @param[in] signature D-Bus signature of property parameters
-         * @param[in] getCallback Callback that implements the body of the property getter
-         * @param[in] flags D-Bus property flags (deprecated, property update behavior)
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         * @copydoc IObject::emitSignal(const SignalName&)
          */
-        virtual void registerProperty( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                     , std::string propertyName
-                                     , std::string signature
-                                     , property_get_callback getCallback
-                                     , Flags flags = {} ) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Registers read/write property that the object will provide on D-Bus
-         *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the property will fall under
-         * @param[in] propertyName Name of the property
-         * @param[in] signature D-Bus signature of property parameters
-         * @param[in] getCallback Callback that implements the body of the property getter
-         * @param[in] setCallback Callback that implements the body of the property setter
-         * @param[in] flags D-Bus property flags (deprecated, property update behavior)
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void registerProperty( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                     , std::string propertyName
-                                     , std::string signature
-                                     , property_get_callback getCallback
-                                     , property_set_callback setCallback
-                                     , Flags flags = {} ) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Sets flags for a given interface
-         *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface whose flags will be set
-         * @param[in] flags Flags to be set
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void setInterfaceFlags(const std::string& interfaceName, Flags flags) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Finishes object API registration and publishes the object on the bus
-         *
-         * The method exports all up to now registered methods, signals and properties on D-Bus.
-         * Must be called after all methods, signals and properties have been registered.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void finishRegistration() = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Unregisters object's API and removes object from the bus
-         *
-         * This method unregisters the object, its interfaces, methods, signals and properties
-         * from the bus. Unregistration is done automatically also in object's destructor. This
-         * method makes sense if, in the process of object removal, we need to make sure that
-         * callbacks are unregistered explicitly before the final destruction of the object instance.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void unregister() = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Creates a signal message
-         *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the signal belongs under
-         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
-         * @return A signal message
-         *
-         * Serialize signal arguments into the returned message and emit the signal by passing
-         * the message with serialized arguments to the @c emitSignal function.
-         * Alternatively, use higher-level API @c emitSignal(const std::string& signalName) defined below.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual Signal createSignal(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& signalName) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Emits signal for this object path
-         *
-         * @param[in] message Signal message to be sent out
-         *
-         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use higher-level API defined below.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void emitSignal(const sdbus::Signal& message) = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] SignalEmitter emitSignal(const char* signalName);
 
         /*!
          * @brief Emits PropertyChanged signal for specified properties under a given interface of this object path
@@ -247,7 +172,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::vector<std::string>& propNames) = 0;
+        virtual void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IObject::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName&,const std::vector<PropertyName>&)
+         */
+        virtual void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const char* interfaceName, const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames) = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @brief Emits PropertyChanged signal for all properties on a given interface of this object path
@@ -256,7 +186,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const std::string& interfaceName) = 0;
+        virtual void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IObject::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName&)
+         */
+        virtual void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const char* interfaceName) = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @brief Emits InterfacesAdded signal on this object path
@@ -276,14 +211,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * @brief Emits InterfacesAdded signal on this object path
          *
          * This emits an InterfacesAdded signal on this object path with explicitly provided list
-         * of registered interfaces. As sdbus-c++ does currently not supported adding/removing
-         * interfaces of an existing object at run time (an object has a fixed set of interfaces
-         * registered by the time of invoking finishRegistration()), emitInterfacesAddedSignal(void)
-         * is probably what you are looking for.
+         * of registered interfaces. Since v2.0, sdbus-c++ supports dynamically addable/removable
+         * object interfaces and their vtables, so this method now makes more sense.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces) = 0;
+        virtual void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces) = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @brief Emits InterfacesRemoved signal on this object path
@@ -300,14 +233,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * @brief Emits InterfacesRemoved signal on this object path
          *
          * This emits an InterfacesRemoved signal on the given path with explicitly provided list
-         * of registered interfaces. As sdbus-c++ does currently not supported adding/removing
-         * interfaces of an existing object at run time (an object has a fixed set of interfaces
-         * registered by the time of invoking finishRegistration()), emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(void)
-         * is probably what you are looking for.
+         * of registered interfaces. Since v2.0, sdbus-c++ supports dynamically addable/removable
+         * object interfaces and their vtables, so this method now makes more sense.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces) = 0;
+        virtual void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces) = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @brief Adds an ObjectManager interface at the path of this D-Bus object
@@ -316,175 +247,215 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * the connection. This is a convenient way to interrogate a connection
          * to see what objects it has.
          *
+         * This call creates a so-called floating registration. This means that
+         * the ObjectManager interface stays there for the lifetime of the object.
+         *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
         virtual void addObjectManager() = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Removes an ObjectManager interface from the path of this D-Bus object
+         * @brief Adds an ObjectManager interface at the path of this D-Bus object
+         *
+         * @return Slot handle owning the registration
+         *
+         * Creates an ObjectManager interface at the specified object path on
+         * the connection. This is a convenient way to interrogate a connection
+         * to see what objects it has.
+         *
+         * The lifetime of the ObjectManager interface is bound to the lifetime
+         * of the returned slot instance.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual void removeObjectManager() = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Tests whether ObjectManager interface is added at the path of this D-Bus object
-         * @return True if ObjectManager interface is there, false otherwise
-         */
-        virtual bool hasObjectManager() const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot addObjectManager(return_slot_t) = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @brief Provides D-Bus connection used by the object
          *
          * @return Reference to the D-Bus connection
          */
-        virtual sdbus::IConnection& getConnection() const = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Registers method that the object will provide on D-Bus
-         *
-         * @param[in] methodName Name of the method
-         * @return A helper object for convenient registration of the method
-         *
-         * This is a high-level, convenience way of registering D-Bus methods that abstracts
-         * from the D-Bus message concept. Method arguments/return value are automatically (de)serialized
-         * in a message and D-Bus signatures automatically deduced from the parameters and return type
-         * of the provided native method implementation callback.
-         *
-         * Example of use:
-         * @code
-         * object.registerMethod("doFoo").onInterface("com.kistler.foo").implementedAs([this](int value){ return this->doFoo(value); });
-         * @endcode
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        [[nodiscard]] MethodRegistrator registerMethod(const std::string& methodName);
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Registers signal that the object will provide on D-Bus
-         *
-         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
-         * @return A helper object for convenient registration of the signal
-         *
-         * This is a high-level, convenience way of registering D-Bus signals that abstracts
-         * from the D-Bus message concept. Signal arguments are automatically (de)serialized
-         * in a message and D-Bus signatures automatically deduced from the provided native parameters.
-         *
-         * Example of use:
-         * @code
-         * object.registerSignal("paramChange").onInterface("com.kistler.foo").withParameters<std::map<int32_t, std::string>>();
-         * @endcode
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        [[nodiscard]] SignalRegistrator registerSignal(const std::string& signalName);
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Registers property that the object will provide on D-Bus
-         *
-         * @param[in] propertyName Name of the property
-         * @return A helper object for convenient registration of the property
-         *
-         * This is a high-level, convenience way of registering D-Bus properties that abstracts
-         * from the D-Bus message concept. Property arguments are automatically (de)serialized
-         * in a message and D-Bus signatures automatically deduced from the provided native callbacks.
-         *
-         * Example of use:
-         * @code
-         * object_.registerProperty("state").onInterface("com.kistler.foo").withGetter([this](){ return this->state(); });
-         * @endcode
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        [[nodiscard]] PropertyRegistrator registerProperty(const std::string& propertyName);
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Sets flags (annotations) for a given interface
-         *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface whose flags will be set
-         * @return A helper object for convenient setting of Interface flags
-         *
-         * This is a high-level, convenience alternative to the other setInterfaceFlags overload.
-         *
-         * Example of use:
-         * @code
-         * object_.setInterfaceFlags("com.kistler.foo").markAsDeprecated().withPropertyUpdateBehavior(sdbus::Flags::EMITS_NO_SIGNAL);
-         * @endcode
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        [[nodiscard]] InterfaceFlagsSetter setInterfaceFlags(const std::string& interfaceName);
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Emits signal on D-Bus
-         *
-         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
-         * @return A helper object for convenient emission of signals
-         *
-         * This is a high-level, convenience way of emitting D-Bus signals that abstracts
-         * from the D-Bus message concept. Signal arguments are automatically serialized
-         * in a message and D-Bus signatures automatically deduced from the provided native arguments.
-         *
-         * Example of use:
-         * @code
-         * int arg1 = ...;
-         * double arg2 = ...;
-         * object_.emitSignal("fooSignal").onInterface("com.kistler.foo").withArguments(arg1, arg2);
-         * @endcode
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        [[nodiscard]] SignalEmitter emitSignal(const std::string& signalName);
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual sdbus::IConnection& getConnection() const = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @brief Returns object path of the underlying DBus object
          */
-        virtual const std::string& getObjectPath() const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual const ObjectPath& getObjectPath() const = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Provides currently processed D-Bus message
+         * @brief Provides access to the currently processed D-Bus message
          *
-         * This method provides immutable access to the currently processed incoming D-Bus message.
+         * This method provides access to the currently processed incoming D-Bus message.
          * "Currently processed" means that the registered callback handler(s) for that message
          * are being invoked. This method is meant to be called from within a callback handler
-         * (e.g. D-Bus method implementation handler). In such a case it is guaranteed to return
-         * a valid pointer to the D-Bus message for which the handler is called. If called from other
-         * contexts/threads, it may return a nonzero pointer or a nullptr, depending on whether a message
-         * was processed at the time of call or not, but the value is nondereferencable, since the pointed-to
-         * message may have gone in the meantime.
+         * (e.g. from a D-Bus signal handler, or async method reply handler, etc.). In such a case it is
+         * guaranteed to return a valid D-Bus message instance for which the handler is called.
+         * If called from other contexts/threads, it may return a valid or invalid message, depending
+         * on whether a message was processed or not at the time of the call.
          *
-         * @return A pointer to the currently processed D-Bus message
+         * @return Currently processed D-Bus message
          */
-        virtual const Message* getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Message getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Unregisters object's API and removes object from the bus
+         *
+         * This method unregisters the object, its interfaces, methods, signals and properties
+         * from the bus. Unregistration is done automatically also in object's destructor. This
+         * method makes sense if, in the process of object removal, we need to make sure that
+         * callbacks are unregistered explicitly before the final destruction of the object instance.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual void unregister() = 0;
+
+    public: // Lower-level, message-based API
+        /*!
+         * @brief Adds a declaration of methods, properties and signals of the object at a given interface
+         *
+         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface the the vtable is registered for
+         * @param[in] items Individual instances of VTable item structures
+         *
+         * This method is used to declare attributes for the object under the given interface.
+         * Parameter `items' represents a vtable definition that may contain method declarations
+         * (using MethodVTableItem struct), property declarations (using PropertyVTableItem
+         * struct), signal declarations (using SignalVTableItem struct), or global interface
+         * flags (using InterfaceFlagsVTableItem struct).
+         *
+         * An interface can have any number of vtables attached to it.
+         *
+         * Consult manual pages for the underlying `sd_bus_add_object_vtable` function for more information.
+         *
+         * The method can be called at any time during object's lifetime. For each vtable an internal
+         * registration slot is created and its lifetime is tied to the lifetime of the Object instance.
+         *
+         * The function provides strong exception guarantee. The state of the object remains
+         * unmodified in face of an exception.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        template < typename... VTableItems
+                 , typename = std::enable_if_t<(is_one_of_variants_types<VTableItem, std::decay_t<VTableItems>> && ...)> >
+        void addVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, VTableItems&&... items);
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Adds a declaration of methods, properties and signals of the object at a given interface
+         *
+         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface the the vtable is registered for
+         * @param[in] vtable A list of individual descriptions in the form of VTable item instances
+         *
+         * This method is used to declare attributes for the object under the given interface.
+         * The `vtable' parameter may contain method declarations (using MethodVTableItem struct),
+         * property declarations (using PropertyVTableItem struct), signal declarations (using
+         * SignalVTableItem struct), or global interface flags (using InterfaceFlagsVTableItem struct).
+         *
+         * An interface can have any number of vtables attached to it.
+         *
+         * Consult manual pages for the underlying `sd_bus_add_object_vtable` function for more information.
+         *
+         * The method can be called at any time during object's lifetime. For each vtable an internal
+         * registration slot is created and its lifetime is tied to the lifetime of the Object instance.
+         *
+         * The function provides strong exception guarantee. The state of the object remains
+         * unmodified in face of an exception.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual void addVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Adds a declaration of methods, properties and signals of the object at a given interface
+         *
+         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface the the vtable is registered for
+         * @param[in] vtable A list of individual descriptions in the form of VTable item instances
+         *
+         * This method is used to declare attributes for the object under the given interface.
+         * The `vtable' parameter may contain method declarations (using MethodVTableItem struct),
+         * property declarations (using PropertyVTableItem struct), signal declarations (using
+         * SignalVTableItem struct), or global interface flags (using InterfaceFlagsVTableItem struct).
+         *
+         * An interface can have any number of vtables attached to it.
+         *
+         * Consult manual pages for the underlying `sd_bus_add_object_vtable` function for more information.
+         *
+         * The method can be called at any time during object's lifetime. For each vtable an internal
+         * registration slot is created and is returned to the caller. The returned slot should be destroyed
+         * when the vtable is not needed anymore. This allows for "dynamic" object API where vtables
+         * can be added or removed by the user at runtime.
+         *
+         * The function provides strong exception guarantee. The state of the object remains
+         * unmodified in face of an exception.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot addVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable, return_slot_t) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Creates a signal message
+         *
+         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the signal belongs under
+         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
+         * @return A signal message
+         *
+         * Serialize signal arguments into the returned message and emit the signal by passing
+         * the message with serialized arguments to the @c emitSignal function.
+         * Alternatively, use higher-level API @c emitSignal(const std::string& signalName) defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Signal createSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const SignalName& signalName) const = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Emits signal for this object path
+         *
+         * @param[in] message Signal message to be sent out
+         *
+         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use higher-level API defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual void emitSignal(const sdbus::Signal& message) = 0;
+
+    protected: // Internal API for efficiency reasons used by high-level API helper classes
+        friend SignalEmitter;
+
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Signal createSignal(const char* interfaceName, const char* signalName) const = 0;
     };
 
     // Out-of-line member definitions
 
-    inline MethodRegistrator IObject::registerMethod(const std::string& methodName)
+    inline SignalEmitter IObject::emitSignal(const SignalName& signalName)
     {
-        return MethodRegistrator(*this, methodName);
-    }
-
-    inline SignalRegistrator IObject::registerSignal(const std::string& signalName)
-    {
-        return SignalRegistrator(*this, signalName);
-    }
-
-    inline PropertyRegistrator IObject::registerProperty(const std::string& propertyName)
-    {
-        return PropertyRegistrator(*this, propertyName);
-    }
-
-    inline InterfaceFlagsSetter IObject::setInterfaceFlags(const std::string& interfaceName)
-    {
-        return InterfaceFlagsSetter(*this, interfaceName);
+        return SignalEmitter(*this, signalName);
     }
 
     inline SignalEmitter IObject::emitSignal(const std::string& signalName)
+    {
+        return SignalEmitter(*this, signalName.c_str());
+    }
+
+    inline SignalEmitter IObject::emitSignal(const char* signalName)
     {
         return SignalEmitter(*this, signalName);
     }
 
+    template <typename... VTableItems, typename>
+    void IObject::addVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, VTableItems&&... items)
+    {
+        addVTable(std::move(interfaceName), {std::forward<VTableItems>(items)...});
+    }
+
+    template <typename... VTableItems, typename>
+    VTableAdder IObject::addVTable(VTableItems&&... items)
+    {
+        return addVTable(std::vector<VTableItem>{std::forward<VTableItems>(items)...});
+    }
+
+    inline VTableAdder IObject::addVTable(std::vector<VTableItem> vtable)
+    {
+        return VTableAdder(*this, std::move(vtable));
+    }
+
     /*!
      * @brief Creates instance representing a D-Bus object
      *
@@ -503,10 +474,11 @@ namespace sdbus {
      * auto proxy = sdbus::createObject(connection, "/com/kistler/foo");
      * @endcode
      */
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IObject> createObject(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string objectPath);
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IObject> createObject(sdbus::IConnection& connection, ObjectPath objectPath);
 
 }
 
 #include <sdbus-c++/ConvenienceApiClasses.inl>
+#include <sdbus-c++/VTableItems.inl>
 
 #endif /* SDBUS_CXX_IOBJECT_H_ */

include/sdbus-c++/IProxy.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file IProxy.h
  *
@@ -29,17 +29,20 @@
 
 #include <sdbus-c++/ConvenienceApiClasses.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <memory>
-#include <functional>
+
 #include <chrono>
+#include <functional>
 #include <future>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 
 // Forward declarations
 namespace sdbus {
     class MethodCall;
     class MethodReply;
     class IConnection;
+    class ObjectPath;
     class PendingAsyncCall;
     namespace internal {
         class Proxy;
@@ -64,119 +67,9 @@ namespace sdbus {
      ***********************************************/
     class IProxy
     {
-    public:
+    public: // High-level, convenience API
         virtual ~IProxy() = default;
 
-        /*!
-         * @brief Creates a method call message
-         *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that provides a given method
-         * @param[in] methodName Name of the method
-         * @return A method call message
-         *
-         * Serialize method arguments into the returned message and invoke the method by passing
-         * the message with serialized arguments to the @c callMethod function.
-         * Alternatively, use higher-level API @c callMethod(const std::string& methodName) defined below.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual MethodCall createMethodCall(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& methodName) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object
-         *
-         * @param[in] message Message representing a method call
-         * @param[in] timeout Timeout for dbus call in microseconds
-         * @return A method reply message
-         *
-         * Normally, the call is blocking, i.e. it waits for the remote method to finish with either
-         * a return value or an error.
-         *
-         * If the method call argument is set to not expect reply, the call will not wait for the remote
-         * method to finish, i.e. the call will be non-blocking, and the function will return an empty,
-         * invalid MethodReply object (representing void).
-         *
-         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use higher-level API defined below.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual MethodReply callMethod(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout = 0) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @copydoc IProxy::callMethod(const MethodCall&,uint64_t)
-         */
-        template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
-        MethodReply callMethod(const MethodCall& message, const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout);
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object asynchronously
-         *
-         * @param[in] message Message representing an async method call
-         * @param[in] asyncReplyCallback Handler for the async reply
-         * @param[in] timeout Timeout for dbus call in microseconds
-         * @return Cookie for the the pending asynchronous call
-         *
-         * The call is non-blocking. It doesn't wait for the reply. Once the reply arrives,
-         * the provided async reply handler will get invoked from the context of the connection
-         * I/O event loop thread.
-         *
-         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use higher-level API defined below.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual PendingAsyncCall callMethod(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback, uint64_t timeout = 0) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @copydoc IProxy::callMethod(const MethodCall&,async_reply_handler,uint64_t)
-         */
-        template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
-        PendingAsyncCall callMethod(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback, const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout);
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Registers a handler for the desired signal emitted by the D-Bus object
-         *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the signal belongs to
-         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
-         * @param[in] signalHandler Callback that implements the body of the signal handler
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void registerSignalHandler( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                          , const std::string& signalName
-                                          , signal_handler signalHandler ) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Unregisters the handler of the desired signal
-         *
-         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the signal belongs to
-         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void unregisterSignalHandler( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                            , const std::string& signalName ) = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Finishes the registration of signal handlers
-         *
-         * The method physically subscribes to the desired signals.
-         * Must be called only once, after all signals have been registered already.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void finishRegistration() = 0;
-
-        /*!
-         * @brief Unregisters proxy's signal handlers and stops receving replies to pending async calls
-         *
-         * Unregistration is done automatically also in proxy's destructor. This method makes
-         * sense if, in the process of proxy removal, we need to make sure that callbacks
-         * are unregistered explicitly before the final destruction of the proxy instance.
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
-         */
-        virtual void unregister() = 0;
-
         /*!
          * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object
          *
@@ -191,13 +84,24 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * Example of use:
          * @code
          * int result, a = ..., b = ...;
-         * object_.callMethod("multiply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(a, b).storeResultsTo(result);
+         * MethodName multiply{"multiply"};
+         * object_.callMethod(multiply).onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(a, b).storeResultsTo(result);
          * @endcode
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
+        [[nodiscard]] MethodInvoker callMethod(const MethodName& methodName);
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::callMethod(const MethodName&)
+         */
         [[nodiscard]] MethodInvoker callMethod(const std::string& methodName);
 
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::callMethod(const MethodName&)
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] MethodInvoker callMethod(const char* methodName);
+
         /*!
          * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object asynchronously
          *
@@ -212,7 +116,8 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * Example of use:
          * @code
          * int a = ..., b = ...;
-         * object_.callMethodAsync("multiply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(a, b).uponReplyInvoke([](int result)
+         * MethodName multiply{"multiply"};
+         * object_.callMethodAsync(multiply).onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(a, b).uponReplyInvoke([](int result)
          * {
          *     std::cout << "Got result of multiplying " << a << " and " << b << ": " << result << std::endl;
          * });
@@ -220,8 +125,18 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
+        [[nodiscard]] AsyncMethodInvoker callMethodAsync(const MethodName& methodName);
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::callMethodAsync(const MethodName&)
+         */
         [[nodiscard]] AsyncMethodInvoker callMethodAsync(const std::string& methodName);
 
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::callMethodAsync(const MethodName&)
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] AsyncMethodInvoker callMethodAsync(const char* methodName);
+
         /*!
          * @brief Registers signal handler for a given signal of the D-Bus object
          *
@@ -233,31 +148,30 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * in a message and D-Bus signatures automatically deduced from the parameters
          * of the provided native signal callback.
          *
+         * A signal can be subscribed to and unsubscribed from at any time during proxy
+         * lifetime. The subscription is active immediately after the call.
+         *
          * Example of use:
          * @code
-         * object_.uponSignal("fooSignal").onInterface("com.kistler.foo").call([this](int arg1, double arg2){ this->onFooSignal(arg1, arg2); });
+         * object_.uponSignal("stateChanged").onInterface("com.kistler.foo").call([this](int arg1, double arg2){ this->onStateChanged(arg1, arg2); });
+         * sdbus::InterfaceName foo{"com.kistler.foo"};
+         * sdbus::SignalName levelChanged{"levelChanged"};
+         * object_.uponSignal(levelChanged).onInterface(foo).call([this](uint16_t level){ this->onLevelChanged(level); });
          * @endcode
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
+        [[nodiscard]] SignalSubscriber uponSignal(const SignalName& signalName);
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::uponSignal(const SignalName&)
+         */
         [[nodiscard]] SignalSubscriber uponSignal(const std::string& signalName);
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Unregisters signal handler of a given signal of the D-Bus object
-         *
-         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
-         * @return A helper object for convenient unregistration of the signal handler
-         *
-         * This is a high-level, convenience way of unregistering a D-Bus signal's handler.
-         *
-         * Example of use:
-         * @code
-         * object_.muteSignal("fooSignal").onInterface("com.kistler.foo");
-         * @endcode
-         *
-         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         * @copydoc IProxy::uponSignal(const SignalName&)
          */
-        [[nodiscard]] SignalUnsubscriber muteSignal(const std::string& signalName);
+        [[nodiscard]] SignalSubscriber uponSignal(const char* signalName);
 
         /*!
          * @brief Gets value of a property of the D-Bus object
@@ -272,11 +186,19 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * Example of use:
          * @code
          * int state = object.getProperty("state").onInterface("com.kistler.foo");
+         * sdbus::InterfaceName foo{"com.kistler.foo"};
+         * sdbus::PropertyName level{"level"};
+         * int level = object.getProperty(level).onInterface(foo);
          * @endcode
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        [[nodiscard]] PropertyGetter getProperty(const std::string& propertyName);
+        [[nodiscard]] PropertyGetter getProperty(const PropertyName& propertyName);
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::getProperty(const PropertyName&)
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] PropertyGetter getProperty(std::string_view propertyName);
 
         /*!
          * @brief Gets value of a property of the D-Bus object asynchronously
@@ -290,13 +212,18 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * Example of use:
          * @code
          * std::future<sdbus::Variant> state = object.getPropertyAsync("state").onInterface("com.kistler.foo").getResultAsFuture();
-         * auto callback = [](const sdbus::Error* err, const sdbus::Variant& value){ ... };
+         * auto callback = [](std::optional<sdbus::Error> err, const sdbus::Variant& value){ ... };
          * object.getPropertyAsync("state").onInterface("com.kistler.foo").uponReplyInvoke(std::move(callback));
          * @endcode
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        [[nodiscard]] AsyncPropertyGetter getPropertyAsync(const std::string& propertyName);
+        [[nodiscard]] AsyncPropertyGetter getPropertyAsync(const PropertyName& propertyName);
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::getPropertyAsync(const PropertyName&)
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] AsyncPropertyGetter getPropertyAsync(std::string_view propertyName);
 
         /*!
          * @brief Sets value of a property of the D-Bus object
@@ -318,7 +245,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        [[nodiscard]] PropertySetter setProperty(const std::string& propertyName);
+        [[nodiscard]] PropertySetter setProperty(const PropertyName& propertyName);
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::setProperty(const PropertyName&)
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] PropertySetter setProperty(std::string_view propertyName);
 
         /*!
          * @brief Sets value of a property of the D-Bus object asynchronously
@@ -338,7 +270,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        [[nodiscard]] AsyncPropertySetter setPropertyAsync(const std::string& propertyName);
+        [[nodiscard]] AsyncPropertySetter setPropertyAsync(const PropertyName& propertyName);
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::setPropertyAsync(const PropertyName&)
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] AsyncPropertySetter setPropertyAsync(std::string_view propertyName);
 
         /*!
          * @brief Gets values of all properties of the D-Bus object
@@ -367,7 +304,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * Example of use:
          * @code
-         * auto callback = [](const sdbus::Error* err, const std::map<std::string, Variant>>& properties){ ... };
+         * auto callback = [](std::optional<sdbus::Error> err, const std::map<PropertyName, Variant>>& properties){ ... };
          * auto props = object.getAllPropertiesAsync().onInterface("com.kistler.foo").uponReplyInvoke(std::move(callback));
          * @endcode
          *
@@ -380,55 +317,349 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * @return Reference to the D-Bus connection
          */
-        virtual sdbus::IConnection& getConnection() const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual sdbus::IConnection& getConnection() const = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @brief Returns object path of the underlying DBus object
          */
-        virtual const std::string& getObjectPath() const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual const ObjectPath& getObjectPath() const = 0;
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Provides currently processed D-Bus message
+         * @brief Provides access to the currently processed D-Bus message
          *
-         * This method provides immutable access to the currently processed incoming D-Bus message.
+         * This method provides access to the currently processed incoming D-Bus message.
          * "Currently processed" means that the registered callback handler(s) for that message
          * are being invoked. This method is meant to be called from within a callback handler
          * (e.g. from a D-Bus signal handler, or async method reply handler, etc.). In such a case it is
-         * guaranteed to return a valid pointer to the D-Bus message for which the handler is called.
-         * If called from other contexts/threads, it may return a nonzero pointer or a nullptr, depending
-         * on whether a message was processed at the time of call or not, but the value is nondereferencable,
-         * since the pointed-to message may have gone in the meantime.
+         * guaranteed to return a valid D-Bus message instance for which the handler is called.
+         * If called from other contexts/threads, it may return a valid or invalid message, depending
+         * on whether a message was processed or not at the time of the call.
          *
-         * @return A pointer to the currently processed D-Bus message
+         * @return Currently processed D-Bus message
          */
-        virtual const Message* getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Message getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Unregisters proxy's signal handlers and stops receiving replies to pending async calls
+         *
+         * Unregistration is done automatically also in proxy's destructor. This method makes
+         * sense if, in the process of proxy removal, we need to make sure that callbacks
+         * are unregistered explicitly before the final destruction of the proxy instance.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual void unregister() = 0;
+
+    public: // Lower-level, message-based API
+        /*!
+         * @brief Creates a method call message
+         *
+         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that provides a given method
+         * @param[in] methodName Name of the method
+         * @return A method call message
+         *
+         * Serialize method arguments into the returned message and invoke the method by passing
+         * the message with serialized arguments to the @c callMethod function.
+         * Alternatively, use higher-level API @c callMethod(const std::string& methodName) defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual MethodCall createMethodCall(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const MethodName& methodName) const = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Calls method on the remote D-Bus object
+         *
+         * @param[in] message Message representing a method call
+         * @return A method reply message
+         *
+         * The call does not block if the method call has dont-expect-reply flag set. In that case,
+         * the call returns immediately and the return value is an empty, invalid method reply.
+         *
+         * The call blocks otherwise, waiting for the remote peer to send back a reply or an error,
+         * or until the call times out.
+         *
+         * While blocking, other concurrent operations (in other threads) on the underlying bus
+         * connection are stalled until the call returns. This is not an issue in vast majority of
+         * (simple, single-threaded) applications. In asynchronous, multi-threaded designs involving
+         * shared bus connections, this may be an issue. It is advised to instead use an asynchronous
+         * callMethod() function overload, which does not block the bus connection, or do the synchronous
+         * call from another Proxy instance created just before the call and then destroyed (which is
+         * anyway quite a typical approach in D-Bus implementations). Such proxy instance must have
+         * its own bus connection. So-called light-weight proxies (ones running without an event loop thread)
+         * tag are designed for exactly that purpose.
+         *
+         * The default D-Bus method call timeout is used. See IConnection::getMethodCallTimeout().
+         *
+         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use API on a higher level of abstraction defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure (also in case the remote function returned an error)
+         */
+        virtual MethodReply callMethod(const MethodCall& message) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Calls method on the remote D-Bus object
+         *
+         * @param[in] message Message representing a method call
+         * @param[in] timeout Method call timeout (in microseconds)
+         * @return A method reply message
+         *
+         * The call does not block if the method call has dont-expect-reply flag set. In that case,
+         * the call returns immediately and the return value is an empty, invalid method reply.
+         *
+         * The call blocks otherwise, waiting for the remote peer to send back a reply or an error,
+         * or until the call times out.
+         *
+         * While blocking, other concurrent operations (in other threads) on the underlying bus
+         * connection are stalled until the call returns. This is not an issue in vast majority of
+         * (simple, single-threaded) applications. In asynchronous, multi-threaded designs involving
+         * shared bus connections, this may be an issue. It is advised to instead use an asynchronous
+         * callMethod() function overload, which does not block the bus connection, or do the synchronous
+         * call from another Proxy instance created just before the call and then destroyed (which is
+         * anyway quite a typical approach in D-Bus implementations). Such proxy instance must have
+         * its own bus connection. So-called light-weight proxies (ones running without an event loop thread)
+         * tag are designed for exactly that purpose.
+         *
+         * If timeout is zero, the default D-Bus method call timeout is used. See IConnection::getMethodCallTimeout().
+         *
+         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use API on a higher level of abstraction defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure (also in case the remote function returned an error)
+         */
+        virtual MethodReply callMethod(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::callMethod(const MethodCall&,uint64_t)
+         */
+        template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
+        MethodReply callMethod(const MethodCall& message, const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout);
 
         /*!
          * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object asynchronously
          *
          * @param[in] message Message representing an async method call
          * @param[in] asyncReplyCallback Handler for the async reply
-         * @param[in] timeout Timeout for dbus call in microseconds
-         * @return Cookie for the the pending asynchronous call
+         * @return Observing handle for the the pending asynchronous call
          *
-         * The call is non-blocking. It doesn't wait for the reply. Once the reply arrives,
-         * the provided async reply handler will get invoked from the context of the connection
-         * I/O event loop thread.
+         * This is a callback-based way of asynchronously calling a remote D-Bus method.
+         *
+         * The call itself is non-blocking. It doesn't wait for the reply. Once the reply arrives,
+         * the provided async reply handler will get invoked from the context of the bus
+         * connection I/O event loop thread.
+         *
+         * An non-owning, observing async call handle is returned that can be used to query call status or cancel the call.
+         *
+         * The default D-Bus method call timeout is used. See IConnection::getMethodCallTimeout().
+         *
+         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use API on a higher level of abstraction defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual PendingAsyncCall callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object asynchronously
+         *
+         * @param[in] message Message representing an async method call
+         * @param[in] asyncReplyCallback Handler for the async reply
+         * @return RAII-style slot handle representing the ownership of the async call
+         *
+         * This is a callback-based way of asynchronously calling a remote D-Bus method.
+         *
+         * The call itself is non-blocking. It doesn't wait for the reply. Once the reply arrives,
+         * the provided async reply handler will get invoked from the context of the bus
+         * connection I/O event loop thread.
+         *
+         * A slot (an owning handle) is returned for the async call. Lifetime of the call is bound to the lifetime of the slot.
+         * The slot can be used to cancel the method call at a later time by simply destroying it.
+         *
+         * The default D-Bus method call timeout is used. See IConnection::getMethodCallTimeout().
+         *
+         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use API on a higher level of abstraction defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                                  , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                                                  , return_slot_t ) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object asynchronously, with custom timeout
+         *
+         * @param[in] message Message representing an async method call
+         * @param[in] asyncReplyCallback Handler for the async reply
+         * @param[in] timeout Method call timeout (in microseconds)
+         * @return Observing handle for the the pending asynchronous call
+         *
+         * This is a callback-based way of asynchronously calling a remote D-Bus method.
+         *
+         * The call itself is non-blocking. It doesn't wait for the reply. Once the reply arrives,
+         * the provided async reply handler will get invoked from the context of the bus
+         * connection I/O event loop thread.
+         *
+         * An non-owning, observing async call handle is returned that can be used to query call status or cancel the call.
+         *
+         * If timeout is zero, the default D-Bus method call timeout is used. See IConnection::getMethodCallTimeout().
+         *
+         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use API on a higher level of abstraction defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual PendingAsyncCall callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                                , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                                                , uint64_t timeout ) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object asynchronously, with custom timeout
+         *
+         * @param[in] message Message representing an async method call
+         * @param[in] asyncReplyCallback Handler for the async reply
+         * @param[in] timeout Method call timeout (in microseconds)
+         * @return RAII-style slot handle representing the ownership of the async call
+         *
+         * This is a callback-based way of asynchronously calling a remote D-Bus method.
+         *
+         * The call itself is non-blocking. It doesn't wait for the reply. Once the reply arrives,
+         * the provided async reply handler will get invoked from the context of the bus
+         * connection I/O event loop thread.
+         *
+         * A slot (an owning handle) is returned for the async call. Lifetime of the call is bound to the lifetime of the slot.
+         * The slot can be used to cancel the method call at a later time by simply destroying it.
+         *
+         * If timeout is zero, the default D-Bus method call timeout is used. See IConnection::getMethodCallTimeout().
+         *
+         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use API on a higher level of abstraction defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                                  , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                                                  , uint64_t timeout
+                                                  , return_slot_t ) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::callMethod(const MethodCall&,async_reply_handler,uint64_t)
+         */
+        template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
+        PendingAsyncCall callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                        , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                                        , const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout );
+
+        /*!
+         * @copydoc IProxy::callMethod(const MethodCall&,async_reply_handler,uint64_t,return_slot_t)
+         */
+        template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                          , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                                          , const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout
+                                          , return_slot_t );
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object asynchronously
+         *
+         * @param[in] message Message representing an async method call
+         * @param[in] Tag denoting a std::future-based overload
+         * @return Future object providing access to the future method reply message
+         *
+         * This is a std::future-based way of asynchronously calling a remote D-Bus method.
+         *
+         * The call itself is non-blocking. It doesn't wait for the reply. Once the reply arrives,
+         * the provided future object will be set to contain the reply (or sdbus::Error
+         * in case the remote method threw an exception).
+         *
+         * The default D-Bus method call timeout is used. See IConnection::getMethodCallTimeout().
          *
          * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use higher-level API defined below.
          *
          * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
          */
-        virtual std::future<MethodReply> callMethod(const MethodCall& message, with_future_t) = 0;
-        virtual std::future<MethodReply> callMethod(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout, with_future_t) = 0;
+        virtual std::future<MethodReply> callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, with_future_t) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Calls method on the D-Bus object asynchronously, with custom timeout
+         *
+         * @param[in] message Message representing an async method call
+         * @param[in] timeout Method call timeout
+         * @param[in] Tag denoting a std::future-based overload
+         * @return Future object providing access to the future method reply message
+         *
+         * This is a std::future-based way of asynchronously calling a remote D-Bus method.
+         *
+         * The call itself is non-blocking. It doesn't wait for the reply. Once the reply arrives,
+         * the provided future object will be set to contain the reply (or sdbus::Error
+         * in case the remote method threw an exception, or the call timed out).
+         *
+         * If timeout is zero, the default D-Bus method call timeout is used. See IConnection::getMethodCallTimeout().
+         *
+         * Note: To avoid messing with messages, use higher-level API defined below.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual std::future<MethodReply> callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                                        , uint64_t timeout
+                                                        , with_future_t ) = 0;
 
         /*!
          * @copydoc IProxy::callMethod(const MethodCall&,uint64_t,with_future_t)
          */
         template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
-        std::future<MethodReply> callMethod( const MethodCall& message
-                                           , const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout
-                                           , with_future_t );
+        std::future<MethodReply> callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                                , const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout
+                                                , with_future_t );
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Registers a handler for the desired signal emitted by the D-Bus object
+         *
+         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the signal belongs to
+         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
+         * @param[in] signalHandler Callback that implements the body of the signal handler
+         *
+         * A signal can be subscribed to at any time during proxy lifetime. The subscription
+         * is active immediately after the call, and stays active for the entire lifetime
+         * of the Proxy object.
+         *
+         * To be able to unsubscribe from the signal at a later time, use the registerSignalHandler()
+         * overload with request_slot tag.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        virtual void registerSignalHandler( const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                          , const SignalName& signalName
+                                          , signal_handler signalHandler ) = 0;
+
+        /*!
+         * @brief Registers a handler for the desired signal emitted by the D-Bus object
+         *
+         * @param[in] interfaceName Name of an interface that the signal belongs to
+         * @param[in] signalName Name of the signal
+         * @param[in] signalHandler Callback that implements the body of the signal handler
+         *
+         * @return RAII-style slot handle representing the ownership of the subscription
+         *
+         * A signal can be subscribed to and unsubscribed from at any time during proxy
+         * lifetime. The subscription is active immediately after the call. The lifetime
+         * of the subscription is bound to the lifetime of the slot object. The subscription
+         * is unregistered by letting go of the slot object.
+         *
+         * @throws sdbus::Error in case of failure
+         */
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot registerSignalHandler( const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                                        , const SignalName& signalName
+                                                        , signal_handler signalHandler
+                                                        , return_slot_t ) = 0;
+
+    protected: // Internal API for efficiency reasons used by high-level API helper classes
+        friend MethodInvoker;
+        friend AsyncMethodInvoker;
+        friend SignalSubscriber;
+
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual MethodCall createMethodCall(const char* interfaceName, const char* methodName) const = 0;
+        virtual void registerSignalHandler( const char* interfaceName
+                                          , const char* signalName
+                                          , signal_handler signalHandler ) = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot registerSignalHandler( const char* interfaceName
+                                                        , const char* signalName
+                                                        , signal_handler signalHandler
+                                                        , return_slot_t ) = 0;
     };
 
     /********************************************//**
@@ -463,14 +694,14 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * Pending call in this context means a call whose results have not arrived, or
          * have arrived and are currently being processed by the callback handler.
          */
-        bool isPending() const;
+        [[nodiscard]] bool isPending() const;
 
     private:
         friend internal::Proxy;
-        PendingAsyncCall(std::weak_ptr<void> callData);
+        PendingAsyncCall(std::weak_ptr<void> callInfo);
 
     private:
-        std::weak_ptr<void> callData_;
+        std::weak_ptr<void> callInfo_;
     };
 
     // Out-of-line member definitions
@@ -483,61 +714,118 @@ namespace sdbus {
     }
 
     template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
-    inline PendingAsyncCall IProxy::callMethod(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback, const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout)
+    inline PendingAsyncCall IProxy::callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                                   , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                                                   , const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout )
     {
         auto microsecs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(timeout);
-        return callMethod(message, std::move(asyncReplyCallback), microsecs.count());
+        return callMethodAsync(message, std::move(asyncReplyCallback), microsecs.count());
     }
 
     template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
-    inline std::future<MethodReply> IProxy::callMethod( const MethodCall& message
-                                                      , const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout
-                                                      , with_future_t )
+    inline Slot IProxy::callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                       , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                                       , const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout
+                                       , return_slot_t )
     {
         auto microsecs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(timeout);
-        return callMethod(message, microsecs.count(), with_future);
+        return callMethodAsync(message, std::move(asyncReplyCallback), microsecs.count(), return_slot);
     }
 
-    inline MethodInvoker IProxy::callMethod(const std::string& methodName)
+    template <typename _Rep, typename _Period>
+    inline std::future<MethodReply> IProxy::callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                                           , const std::chrono::duration<_Rep, _Period>& timeout
+                                                           , with_future_t )
+    {
+        auto microsecs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(timeout);
+        return callMethodAsync(message, microsecs.count(), with_future);
+    }
+
+    inline MethodInvoker IProxy::callMethod(const MethodName& methodName)
     {
         return MethodInvoker(*this, methodName);
     }
 
-    inline AsyncMethodInvoker IProxy::callMethodAsync(const std::string& methodName)
+    inline MethodInvoker IProxy::callMethod(const std::string& methodName)
+    {
+        return MethodInvoker(*this, methodName.c_str());
+    }
+
+    inline MethodInvoker IProxy::callMethod(const char* methodName)
+    {
+        return MethodInvoker(*this, methodName);
+    }
+
+    inline AsyncMethodInvoker IProxy::callMethodAsync(const MethodName& methodName)
     {
         return AsyncMethodInvoker(*this, methodName);
     }
 
-    inline SignalSubscriber IProxy::uponSignal(const std::string& signalName)
+    inline AsyncMethodInvoker IProxy::callMethodAsync(const std::string& methodName)
+    {
+        return AsyncMethodInvoker(*this, methodName.c_str());
+    }
+
+    inline AsyncMethodInvoker IProxy::callMethodAsync(const char* methodName)
+    {
+        return AsyncMethodInvoker(*this, methodName);
+    }
+
+    inline SignalSubscriber IProxy::uponSignal(const SignalName& signalName)
     {
         return SignalSubscriber(*this, signalName);
     }
 
-    inline SignalUnsubscriber IProxy::muteSignal(const std::string& signalName)
+    inline SignalSubscriber IProxy::uponSignal(const std::string& signalName)
     {
-        return SignalUnsubscriber(*this, signalName);
+        return SignalSubscriber(*this, signalName.c_str());
     }
 
-    inline PropertyGetter IProxy::getProperty(const std::string& propertyName)
+    inline SignalSubscriber IProxy::uponSignal(const char* signalName)
+    {
+        return SignalSubscriber(*this, signalName);
+    }
+
+    inline PropertyGetter IProxy::getProperty(const PropertyName& propertyName)
     {
         return PropertyGetter(*this, propertyName);
     }
 
-    inline AsyncPropertyGetter IProxy::getPropertyAsync(const std::string& propertyName)
+    inline PropertyGetter IProxy::getProperty(std::string_view propertyName)
+    {
+        return PropertyGetter(*this, std::move(propertyName));
+    }
+
+    inline AsyncPropertyGetter IProxy::getPropertyAsync(const PropertyName& propertyName)
     {
         return AsyncPropertyGetter(*this, propertyName);
     }
 
-    inline PropertySetter IProxy::setProperty(const std::string& propertyName)
+    inline AsyncPropertyGetter IProxy::getPropertyAsync(std::string_view propertyName)
+    {
+        return AsyncPropertyGetter(*this, std::move(propertyName));
+    }
+
+    inline PropertySetter IProxy::setProperty(const PropertyName& propertyName)
     {
         return PropertySetter(*this, propertyName);
     }
 
-    inline AsyncPropertySetter IProxy::setPropertyAsync(const std::string& propertyName)
+    inline PropertySetter IProxy::setProperty(std::string_view propertyName)
+    {
+        return PropertySetter(*this, std::move(propertyName));
+    }
+
+    inline AsyncPropertySetter IProxy::setPropertyAsync(const PropertyName& propertyName)
     {
         return AsyncPropertySetter(*this, propertyName);
     }
 
+    inline AsyncPropertySetter IProxy::setPropertyAsync(std::string_view propertyName)
+    {
+        return AsyncPropertySetter(*this, std::move(propertyName));
+    }
+
     inline AllPropertiesGetter IProxy::getAllProperties()
     {
         return AllPropertiesGetter(*this);
@@ -571,8 +859,8 @@ namespace sdbus {
      * @endcode
      */
     [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( sdbus::IConnection& connection
-                                                            , std::string destination
-                                                            , std::string objectPath );
+                                                            , ServiceName destination
+                                                            , ObjectPath objectPath );
 
     /*!
      * @brief Creates a proxy object for a specific remote D-Bus object
@@ -597,11 +885,11 @@ namespace sdbus {
      * @endcode
      */
     [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&& connection
-                                                            , std::string destination
-                                                            , std::string objectPath );
+                                                            , ServiceName destination
+                                                            , ObjectPath objectPath );
 
     /*!
-     * @brief Creates a proxy object for a specific remote D-Bus object
+     * @brief Creates a light-weight proxy object for a specific remote D-Bus object
      *
      * @param[in] connection D-Bus connection to be used by the proxy object
      * @param[in] destination Bus name that provides the remote D-Bus object
@@ -624,10 +912,19 @@ namespace sdbus {
      * @endcode
      */
     [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&& connection
-                                                            , std::string destination
-                                                            , std::string objectPath
+                                                            , ServiceName destination
+                                                            , ObjectPath objectPath
                                                             , dont_run_event_loop_thread_t );
 
+    /*!
+     * @brief Creates a light-weight proxy object for a specific remote D-Bus object
+     *
+     * Does the same thing as createProxy(std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&&, ServiceName, ObjectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t);
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createLightWeightProxy( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&& connection
+                                                                       , ServiceName destination
+                                                                       , ObjectPath objectPath );
+
     /*!
      * @brief Creates a proxy object for a specific remote D-Bus object
      *
@@ -645,11 +942,11 @@ namespace sdbus {
      * auto proxy = sdbus::createProxy("com.kistler.foo", "/com/kistler/foo");
      * @endcode
      */
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::string destination
-                                                            , std::string objectPath );
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( ServiceName destination
+                                                            , ObjectPath objectPath );
 
     /*!
-     * @brief Creates a proxy object for a specific remote D-Bus object
+     * @brief Creates a light-weight proxy object for a specific remote D-Bus object
      *
      * @param[in] destination Bus name that provides the remote D-Bus object
      * @param[in] objectPath Path of the remote D-Bus object
@@ -666,10 +963,17 @@ namespace sdbus {
      * auto proxy = sdbus::createProxy("com.kistler.foo", "/com/kistler/foo", sdbus::dont_run_event_loop_thread );
      * @endcode
      */
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::string destination
-                                                            , std::string objectPath
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( ServiceName destination
+                                                            , ObjectPath objectPath
                                                             , dont_run_event_loop_thread_t );
 
+    /*!
+     * @brief Creates a light-weight proxy object for a specific remote D-Bus object
+     *
+     * Does the same thing as createProxy(ServiceName, ObjectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t);
+     */
+    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createLightWeightProxy(ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath);
+
 }
 
 #include <sdbus-c++/ConvenienceApiClasses.inl>

include/sdbus-c++/Message.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Message.h
  *
@@ -27,21 +27,27 @@
 #ifndef SDBUS_CXX_MESSAGE_H_
 #define SDBUS_CXX_MESSAGE_H_
 
-#include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
+#include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <array>
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
-#include <span>
-#endif
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
 #include <map>
+#ifdef __has_include
+#  if __has_include(<span>)
+#    include <span>
+#  endif
+#endif
+#include <string>
+#include <sys/types.h>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <utility>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cassert>
-#include <functional>
-#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
 
 // Forward declarations
 namespace sdbus {
@@ -52,7 +58,6 @@ namespace sdbus {
     class UnixFd;
     class MethodReply;
     namespace internal {
-        class ISdBus;
         class IConnection;
     }
 }
@@ -68,13 +73,19 @@ namespace sdbus {
      * Serialization and deserialization functions are provided for types supported
      * by D-Bus.
      *
-     * You don't need to work with this class directly if you use high-level APIs
-     * of @c IObject and @c IProxy.
+     * You mostly don't need to work with this class directly if you use high-level
+     * APIs of @c IObject and @c IProxy.
      *
      ***********************************************/
     class [[nodiscard]] Message
     {
     public:
+        Message(const Message&) noexcept;
+        Message& operator=(const Message&) noexcept;
+        Message(Message&& other) noexcept;
+        Message& operator=(Message&& other) noexcept;
+        ~Message();
+
         Message& operator<<(bool item);
         Message& operator<<(int16_t item);
         Message& operator<<(int32_t item);
@@ -86,19 +97,25 @@ namespace sdbus {
         Message& operator<<(double item);
         Message& operator<<(const char *item);
         Message& operator<<(const std::string &item);
+        Message& operator<<(std::string_view item);
         Message& operator<<(const Variant &item);
+        template <typename ...Elements>
+        Message& operator<<(const std::variant<Elements...>& value);
         Message& operator<<(const ObjectPath &item);
         Message& operator<<(const Signature &item);
         Message& operator<<(const UnixFd &item);
-
         template <typename _Element, typename _Allocator>
         Message& operator<<(const std::vector<_Element, _Allocator>& items);
         template <typename _Element, std::size_t _Size>
         Message& operator<<(const std::array<_Element, _Size>& items);
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_span
         template <typename _Element, std::size_t _Extent>
         Message& operator<<(const std::span<_Element, _Extent>& items);
 #endif
+        template <typename _Enum, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<_Enum>>>
+        Message& operator<<(const _Enum& item);
+        template <typename _Key, typename _Value>
+        Message& operator<<(const DictEntry<_Key, _Value>& value);
         template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Compare, typename _Allocator>
         Message& operator<<(const std::map<_Key, _Value, _Compare, _Allocator>& items);
         template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Hash, typename _KeyEqual, typename _Allocator>
@@ -120,6 +137,8 @@ namespace sdbus {
         Message& operator>>(char*& item);
         Message& operator>>(std::string &item);
         Message& operator>>(Variant &item);
+        template <typename ...Elements>
+        Message& operator>>(std::variant<Elements...>& value);
         Message& operator>>(ObjectPath &item);
         Message& operator>>(Signature &item);
         Message& operator>>(UnixFd &item);
@@ -127,10 +146,14 @@ namespace sdbus {
         Message& operator>>(std::vector<_Element, _Allocator>& items);
         template <typename _Element, std::size_t _Size>
         Message& operator>>(std::array<_Element, _Size>& items);
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_span
         template <typename _Element, std::size_t _Extent>
         Message& operator>>(std::span<_Element, _Extent>& items);
 #endif
+        template <typename _Enum, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<_Enum>>>
+        Message& operator>>(_Enum& item);
+        template <typename _Key, typename _Value>
+        Message& operator>>(DictEntry<_Key, _Value>& value);
         template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Compare, typename _Allocator>
         Message& operator>>(std::map<_Key, _Value, _Compare, _Allocator>& items);
         template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Hash, typename _KeyEqual, typename _Allocator>
@@ -140,36 +163,61 @@ namespace sdbus {
         template <typename... _ValueTypes>
         Message& operator>>(std::tuple<_ValueTypes...>& item);
 
-        Message& openContainer(const std::string& signature);
+        template <typename _ElementType>
+        Message& openContainer();
+        Message& openContainer(const char* signature);
         Message& closeContainer();
-        Message& openDictEntry(const std::string& signature);
+        template <typename _KeyType, typename _ValueType>
+        Message& openDictEntry();
+        Message& openDictEntry(const char* signature);
         Message& closeDictEntry();
-        Message& openVariant(const std::string& signature);
+        template <typename _ValueType>
+        Message& openVariant();
+        Message& openVariant(const char* signature);
         Message& closeVariant();
-        Message& openStruct(const std::string& signature);
+        template <typename... _ValueTypes>
+        Message& openStruct();
+        Message& openStruct(const char* signature);
         Message& closeStruct();
 
-        Message& enterContainer(const std::string& signature);
+        template <typename _ElementType>
+        Message& enterContainer();
+        Message& enterContainer(const char* signature);
         Message& exitContainer();
-        Message& enterDictEntry(const std::string& signature);
+        template <typename _KeyType, typename _ValueType>
+        Message& enterDictEntry();
+        Message& enterDictEntry(const char* signature);
         Message& exitDictEntry();
-        Message& enterVariant(const std::string& signature);
+        template <typename _ValueType>
+        Message& enterVariant();
+        Message& enterVariant(const char* signature);
         Message& exitVariant();
-        Message& enterStruct(const std::string& signature);
+        template <typename... _ValueTypes>
+        Message& enterStruct();
+        Message& enterStruct(const char* signature);
         Message& exitStruct();
 
         Message& appendArray(char type, const void *ptr, size_t size);
         Message& readArray(char type, const void **ptr, size_t *size);
 
+        template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Callback>
+        Message& serializeDictionary(const _Callback& callback);
+        template <typename _Key, typename _Value>
+        Message& serializeDictionary(const std::initializer_list<DictEntry<_Key, _Value>>& dictEntries);
+        template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Callback>
+        Message& deserializeDictionary(const _Callback& callback);
+
         explicit operator bool() const;
         void clearFlags();
 
-        std::string getInterfaceName() const;
-        std::string getMemberName() const;
-        std::string getSender() const;
-        std::string getPath() const;
-        std::string getDestination() const;
-        void peekType(std::string& type, std::string& contents) const;
+        const char* getInterfaceName() const;
+        const char* getMemberName() const;
+        const char* getSender() const;
+        const char* getPath() const;
+        const char* getDestination() const;
+        uint64_t getCookie() const;
+        // TODO: short docs in whole Message API
+        std::pair<char, const char*> peekType() const;
         bool isValid() const;
         bool isEmpty() const;
         bool isAtEnd(bool complete) const;
@@ -202,29 +250,17 @@ namespace sdbus {
         template <typename _Element, typename _Allocator>
         void deserializeArraySlow(std::vector<_Element, _Allocator>& items);
 
-        template <typename _Dictionary>
-        void serializeDictionary(const _Dictionary& items);
-        template <typename _Dictionary>
-        void deserializeDictionary(_Dictionary& items);
-
     protected:
         Message() = default;
-        explicit Message(internal::ISdBus* sdbus) noexcept;
-        Message(void *msg, internal::ISdBus* sdbus) noexcept;
-        Message(void *msg, internal::ISdBus* sdbus, adopt_message_t) noexcept;
-
-        Message(const Message&) noexcept;
-        Message& operator=(const Message&) noexcept;
-        Message(Message&& other) noexcept;
-        Message& operator=(Message&& other) noexcept;
-
-        ~Message();
+        explicit Message(internal::IConnection* connection) noexcept;
+        Message(void *msg, internal::IConnection* connection) noexcept;
+        Message(void *msg, internal::IConnection* connection, adopt_message_t) noexcept;
 
         friend Factory;
 
     protected:
         void* msg_{};
-        internal::ISdBus* sdbus_{};
+        internal::IConnection* connection_{};
         mutable bool ok_{true};
     };
 
@@ -237,9 +273,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
         MethodCall() = default;
 
         MethodReply send(uint64_t timeout) const;
-        [[deprecated("Use send overload with floating_slot instead")]] void send(void* callback, void* userData, uint64_t timeout, dont_request_slot_t) const;
-        void send(void* callback, void* userData, uint64_t timeout, floating_slot_t) const;
-        [[nodiscard]] Slot send(void* callback, void* userData, uint64_t timeout) const;
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot send(void* callback, void* userData, uint64_t timeout, return_slot_t) const;
 
         MethodReply createReply() const;
         MethodReply createErrorReply(const sdbus::Error& error) const;
@@ -248,12 +282,11 @@ namespace sdbus {
         bool doesntExpectReply() const;
 
     protected:
-        MethodCall(void *msg, internal::ISdBus* sdbus, const internal::IConnection* connection, adopt_message_t) noexcept;
+        MethodCall(void *msg, internal::IConnection* connection, adopt_message_t) noexcept;
 
     private:
         MethodReply sendWithReply(uint64_t timeout = 0) const;
         MethodReply sendWithNoReply() const;
-        const internal::IConnection* connection_{};
     };
 
     class MethodReply : public Message
@@ -264,6 +297,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
     public:
         MethodReply() = default;
         void send() const;
+        uint64_t getReplyCookie() const;
     };
 
     class Signal : public Message
@@ -274,6 +308,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
     public:
         Signal() = default;
         void setDestination(const std::string& destination);
+        void setDestination(const char* destination);
         void send() const;
     };
 
@@ -305,6 +340,21 @@ namespace sdbus {
         PlainMessage() = default;
     };
 
+    PlainMessage createPlainMessage();
+
+    template <typename ...Elements>
+    inline Message& Message::operator<<(const std::variant<Elements...>& value)
+    {
+        std::visit([this](const auto& inner)
+        {
+            openVariant<decltype(inner)>();
+            *this << inner;
+            closeVariant();
+        }, value);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     template <typename _Element, typename _Allocator>
     inline Message& Message::operator<<(const std::vector<_Element, _Allocator>& items)
     {
@@ -321,7 +371,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
         return *this;
     }
 
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_span
     template <typename _Element, std::size_t _Extent>
     inline Message& Message::operator<<(const std::span<_Element, _Extent>& items)
     {
@@ -331,6 +381,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
     }
 #endif
 
+    template <typename _Enum, typename>
+    inline Message& Message::operator<<(const _Enum &item)
+    {
+        return operator<<(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<_Enum>>(item));
+    }
+
     template <typename _Array>
     inline void Message::serializeArray(const _Array& items)
     {
@@ -340,11 +396,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
         // otherwise use step-by-step serialization of individual elements.
         if constexpr (signature_of<ElementType>::is_trivial_dbus_type && !std::is_same_v<ElementType, bool>)
         {
-            appendArray(*signature_of<ElementType>::str().c_str(), items.data(), items.size() * sizeof(ElementType));
+            constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<ElementType>);
+            appendArray(*signature.data(), items.data(), items.size() * sizeof(ElementType));
         }
         else
         {
-            openContainer(signature_of<ElementType>::str());
+            openContainer<ElementType>();
 
             for (const auto& item : items)
                 *this << item;
@@ -353,10 +410,21 @@ namespace sdbus {
         }
     }
 
+    template <typename _Key, typename _Value>
+    inline Message& Message::operator<<(const DictEntry<_Key, _Value>& value)
+    {
+        openDictEntry<_Key, _Value>();
+        *this << value.first;
+        *this << value.second;
+        closeDictEntry();
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Compare, typename _Allocator>
     inline Message& Message::operator<<(const std::map<_Key, _Value, _Compare, _Allocator>& items)
     {
-        serializeDictionary(items);
+        serializeDictionary<_Key, _Value>([&items](Message& msg){ for (const auto& item : items) msg << item; });
 
         return *this;
     }
@@ -364,31 +432,27 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Hash, typename _KeyEqual, typename _Allocator>
     inline Message& Message::operator<<(const std::unordered_map<_Key, _Value, _Hash, _KeyEqual, _Allocator>& items)
     {
-        serializeDictionary(items);
+        serializeDictionary<_Key, _Value>([&items](Message& msg){ for (const auto& item : items) msg << item; });
 
         return *this;
     }
 
-    template <typename _Dictionary>
-    inline void Message::serializeDictionary(const _Dictionary& items)
+    template <typename _Key, typename _Value>
+    inline Message& Message::serializeDictionary(const std::initializer_list<DictEntry<_Key, _Value>>& items)
     {
-        using KeyType = typename _Dictionary::key_type;
-        using ValueType = typename _Dictionary::mapped_type;
+        serializeDictionary<_Key, _Value>([&](Message& msg){ for (const auto& item : items) msg << item; });
 
-        const std::string dictEntrySignature = signature_of<KeyType>::str() + signature_of<ValueType>::str();
-        const std::string arraySignature = "{" + dictEntrySignature + "}";
-
-        openContainer(arraySignature);
-
-        for (const auto& item : items)
-        {
-            openDictEntry(dictEntrySignature);
-            *this << item.first;
-            *this << item.second;
-            closeDictEntry();
-        }
+        return *this;
+    }
 
+    template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Callback>
+    inline Message& Message::serializeDictionary(const _Callback& callback)
+    {
+        openContainer<DictEntry<_Key, _Value>>();
+        callback(*this);
         closeContainer();
+
+        return *this;
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -411,12 +475,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename... _ValueTypes>
     inline Message& Message::operator<<(const Struct<_ValueTypes...>& item)
     {
-        auto structSignature = signature_of<Struct<_ValueTypes...>>::str();
-        assert(structSignature.size() > 2);
-        // Remove opening and closing parenthesis from the struct signature to get contents signature
-        auto structContentSignature = structSignature.substr(1, structSignature.size() - 2);
-
-        openStruct(structContentSignature);
+        openStruct<_ValueTypes...>();
         detail::serialize_tuple(*this, item, std::index_sequence_for<_ValueTypes...>{});
         closeStruct();
 
@@ -430,6 +489,33 @@ namespace sdbus {
         return *this;
     }
 
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template <typename _Element, typename... _Elements>
+        bool deserialize_variant(Message& msg, std::variant<_Elements...>& value, const char* signature)
+        {
+            constexpr auto elemSignature = as_null_terminated(sdbus::signature_of_v<_Element>);
+            if (std::strcmp(signature, elemSignature.data()) != 0)
+                return false;
+
+            _Element temp;
+            msg.enterVariant(signature);
+            msg >> temp;
+            msg.exitVariant();
+            value = std::move(temp);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Elements>
+    inline Message& Message::operator>>(std::variant<Elements...>& value)
+    {
+        auto [type, contents] = peekType();
+        bool result = (detail::deserialize_variant<Elements>(*this, value, contents) || ...);
+        SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!result, "Failed to deserialize variant: signature did not match any of the variant types", EINVAL);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     template <typename _Element, typename _Allocator>
     inline Message& Message::operator>>(std::vector<_Element, _Allocator>& items)
     {
@@ -446,7 +532,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
         return *this;
     }
 
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_span
     template <typename _Element, std::size_t _Extent>
     inline Message& Message::operator>>(std::span<_Element, _Extent>& items)
     {
@@ -456,6 +542,15 @@ namespace sdbus {
     }
 #endif
 
+    template <typename _Enum, typename>
+    inline Message& Message::operator>>(_Enum& item)
+    {
+        std::underlying_type_t<_Enum> val;
+        *this >> val;
+        item = static_cast<_Enum>(val);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     template <typename _Array>
     inline void Message::deserializeArray(_Array& items)
     {
@@ -481,7 +576,8 @@ namespace sdbus {
         size_t arraySize{};
         const ElementType* arrayPtr{};
 
-        readArray(*signature_of<ElementType>::str().c_str(), (const void**)&arrayPtr, &arraySize);
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(sdbus::signature_of_v<ElementType>);
+        readArray(*signature.data(), (const void**)&arrayPtr, &arraySize);
 
         size_t elementsInMsg = arraySize / sizeof(ElementType);
         bool notEnoughSpace = items.size() < elementsInMsg;
@@ -496,7 +592,8 @@ namespace sdbus {
         size_t arraySize{};
         const _Element* arrayPtr{};
 
-        readArray(*signature_of<_Element>::str().c_str(), (const void**)&arrayPtr, &arraySize);
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(sdbus::signature_of_v<_Element>);
+        readArray(*signature.data(), (const void**)&arrayPtr, &arraySize);
 
         items.insert(items.end(), arrayPtr, arrayPtr + (arraySize / sizeof(_Element)));
     }
@@ -506,7 +603,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
     {
         using ElementType = typename _Array::value_type;
 
-        if(!enterContainer(signature_of<ElementType>::str()))
+        if(!enterContainer<ElementType>())
             return;
 
         for (auto& elem : items)
@@ -523,7 +620,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _Element, typename _Allocator>
     void Message::deserializeArraySlow(std::vector<_Element, _Allocator>& items)
     {
-        if(!enterContainer(signature_of<_Element>::str()))
+        if(!enterContainer<_Element>())
             return;
 
         while (true)
@@ -540,10 +637,21 @@ namespace sdbus {
         exitContainer();
     }
 
+    template <typename _Key, typename _Value>
+    inline Message& Message::operator>>(DictEntry<_Key, _Value>& value)
+    {
+        if (!enterDictEntry<_Key, _Value>())
+            return *this;
+        *this >> value.first >> value.second;
+        exitDictEntry();
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
     template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Compare, typename _Allocator>
     inline Message& Message::operator>>(std::map<_Key, _Value, _Compare, _Allocator>& items)
     {
-        deserializeDictionary(items);
+        deserializeDictionary<_Key, _Value>([&items](auto dictEntry){ items.insert(std::move(dictEntry)); });
 
         return *this;
     }
@@ -551,40 +659,30 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Hash, typename _KeyEqual, typename _Allocator>
     inline Message& Message::operator>>(std::unordered_map<_Key, _Value, _Hash, _KeyEqual, _Allocator>& items)
     {
-        deserializeDictionary(items);
+        deserializeDictionary<_Key, _Value>([&items](auto dictEntry){ items.insert(std::move(dictEntry)); });
 
         return *this;
     }
 
-    template <typename _Dictionary>
-    inline void Message::deserializeDictionary(_Dictionary& items)
+    template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Callback>
+    inline Message& Message::deserializeDictionary(const _Callback& callback)
     {
-        using KeyType = typename _Dictionary::key_type;
-        using ValueType = typename _Dictionary::mapped_type;
-
-        const std::string dictEntrySignature = signature_of<KeyType>::str() + signature_of<ValueType>::str();
-        const std::string arraySignature = "{" + dictEntrySignature + "}";
-
-        if (!enterContainer(arraySignature))
-            return;
+        if (!enterContainer<DictEntry<_Key, _Value>>())
+            return *this;
 
         while (true)
         {
-            if (!enterDictEntry(dictEntrySignature))
+            DictEntry<_Key, _Value> dictEntry;
+            *this >> dictEntry;
+            if (!*this)
                 break;
-
-            KeyType key;
-            ValueType value;
-            *this >> key >> value;
-
-            items.emplace(std::move(key), std::move(value));
-
-            exitDictEntry();
+            callback(std::move(dictEntry));
         }
-
         clearFlags();
 
         exitContainer();
+
+        return *this;
     }
 
     namespace detail
@@ -607,11 +705,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename... _ValueTypes>
     inline Message& Message::operator>>(Struct<_ValueTypes...>& item)
     {
-        auto structSignature = signature_of<Struct<_ValueTypes...>>::str();
-        // Remove opening and closing parenthesis from the struct signature to get contents signature
-        auto structContentSignature = structSignature.substr(1, structSignature.size()-2);
-
-        if (!enterStruct(structContentSignature))
+        if (!enterStruct<_ValueTypes...>())
             return *this;
 
         detail::deserialize_tuple(*this, item, std::index_sequence_for<_ValueTypes...>{});
@@ -628,6 +722,62 @@ namespace sdbus {
         return *this;
     }
 
+    template <typename _ElementType>
+    inline Message& Message::openContainer()
+    {
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<_ElementType>);
+        return openContainer(signature.data());
+    }
+
+    template <typename _KeyType, typename _ValueType>
+    inline Message& Message::openDictEntry()
+    {
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<std::tuple<_KeyType, _ValueType>>);
+        return openDictEntry(signature.data());
+    }
+
+    template <typename _ValueType>
+    inline Message& Message::openVariant()
+    {
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<_ValueType>);
+        return openVariant(signature.data());
+    }
+
+    template <typename... _ValueTypes>
+    inline Message& Message::openStruct()
+    {
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<std::tuple<_ValueTypes...>>);
+        return openStruct(signature.data());
+    }
+
+    template <typename _ElementType>
+    inline Message& Message::enterContainer()
+    {
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<_ElementType>);
+        return enterContainer(signature.data());
+    }
+
+    template <typename _KeyType, typename _ValueType>
+    inline Message& Message::enterDictEntry()
+    {
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<std::tuple<_KeyType, _ValueType>>);
+        return enterDictEntry(signature.data());
+    }
+
+    template <typename _ValueType>
+    inline Message& Message::enterVariant()
+    {
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<_ValueType>);
+        return enterVariant(signature.data());
+    }
+
+    template <typename... _ValueTypes>
+    inline Message& Message::enterStruct()
+    {
+        constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<std::tuple<_ValueTypes...>>);
+        return enterStruct(signature.data());
+    }
+
 }
 
 #endif /* SDBUS_CXX_MESSAGE_H_ */

include/sdbus-c++/MethodResult.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file MethodResult.h
  *
@@ -28,9 +28,10 @@
 #define SDBUS_CXX_METHODRESULT_H_
 
 #include <sdbus-c++/Message.h>
+
 #include <cassert>
 
-// Forward declaration
+// Forward declarations
 namespace sdbus {
     class Error;
 }

include/sdbus-c++/ProxyInterfaces.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file ProxyInterfaces.h
  *
@@ -83,9 +83,10 @@ namespace sdbus {
      * methods. So the _Interfaces template parameter is a list of sdbus-c++-xml2cpp-generated
      * proxy-side interface classes representing interfaces of the corresponding remote D-Bus object.
      *
-     * In the final proxy class inherited from ProxyInterfaces, it is necessary to finish proxy
-     * registration in class constructor (`finishRegistration();`), and, conversely, unregister
-     * the proxy in class destructor (`unregister();`).
+     * In the final adaptor class inherited from ProxyInterfaces, one needs to make sure:
+     *   1. to call `registerProxy();` in the class constructor, and, conversely,
+     *   2. to call `unregisterProxy();` in the class destructor,
+     * so that the signals are subscribed to and unsubscribed from at a proper time.
      *
      ***********************************************/
     template <typename... _Interfaces>
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * This constructor overload creates a proxy that manages its own D-Bus connection(s).
          * For more information on its behavior, consult @ref createProxy(std::string,std::string)
          */
-        ProxyInterfaces(std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+        ProxyInterfaces(ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath)
             : ProxyObjectHolder(createProxy(std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath)))
             , _Interfaces(getProxy())...
         {
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * This constructor overload creates a proxy that manages its own D-Bus connection(s).
          * For more information on its behavior, consult @ref createProxy(std::string,std::string,sdbus::dont_run_event_loop_thread_t)
          */
-        ProxyInterfaces(std::string destination, std::string objectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t)
+        ProxyInterfaces(ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t)
             : ProxyObjectHolder(createProxy(std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath), dont_run_event_loop_thread))
             , _Interfaces(getProxy())...
         {
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * The proxy created this way just references a D-Bus connection owned and managed by the user.
          * For more information on its behavior, consult @ref createProxy(IConnection&,std::string,std::string)
          */
-        ProxyInterfaces(IConnection& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+        ProxyInterfaces(IConnection& connection, ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath)
             : ProxyObjectHolder(createProxy(connection, std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath)))
             , _Interfaces(getProxy())...
         {
@@ -150,7 +151,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * The proxy created this way becomes an owner of the connection.
          * For more information on its behavior, consult @ref createProxy(std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&&,std::string,std::string)
          */
-        ProxyInterfaces(std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+        ProxyInterfaces(std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&& connection, ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath)
             : ProxyObjectHolder(createProxy(std::move(connection), std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath)))
             , _Interfaces(getProxy())...
         {
@@ -166,22 +167,22 @@ namespace sdbus {
          * The proxy created this way becomes an owner of the connection.
          * For more information on its behavior, consult @ref createProxy(std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&&,std::string,std::string,sdbus::dont_run_event_loop_thread_t)
          */
-        ProxyInterfaces(std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t)
+        ProxyInterfaces(std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection>&& connection, ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t)
                 : ProxyObjectHolder(createProxy(std::move(connection), std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath), dont_run_event_loop_thread))
                 , _Interfaces(getProxy())...
         {
         }
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Finishes proxy registration and makes the proxy ready for use
+         * @brief Registers handlers for D-Bus signals of the remote object
          *
          * This function must be called in the constructor of the final proxy class that implements ProxyInterfaces.
          *
-         * For more information, see underlying @ref IProxy::finishRegistration()
+         * See also @ref IProxy::registerSignalHandler()
          */
         void registerProxy()
         {
-            getProxy().finishRegistration();
+            (_Interfaces::registerProxy(), ...);
         }
 
         /*!
@@ -197,20 +198,17 @@ namespace sdbus {
         }
 
         /*!
-         * @brief Returns object path of the underlying DBus object
+         * @brief Returns reference to the underlying IProxy instance
          */
-        const std::string& getObjectPath() const
-        {
-            return getProxy().getObjectPath();
-        }
+        using ProxyObjectHolder::getProxy;
 
     protected:
         using base_type = ProxyInterfaces;
 
         ProxyInterfaces(const ProxyInterfaces&) = delete;
         ProxyInterfaces& operator=(const ProxyInterfaces&) = delete;
-        ProxyInterfaces(ProxyInterfaces&&) = default;
-        ProxyInterfaces& operator=(ProxyInterfaces&&) = default;
+        ProxyInterfaces(ProxyInterfaces&&) = delete;
+        ProxyInterfaces& operator=(ProxyInterfaces&&) = delete;
         ~ProxyInterfaces() = default;
     };
 

include/sdbus-c++/StandardInterfaces.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file StandardInterfaces.h
  *
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 #include <sdbus-c++/IProxy.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/Types.h>
 #include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
 
@@ -39,206 +40,329 @@ namespace sdbus {
     // Proxy for peer
     class Peer_proxy
     {
-        static constexpr const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer";
+        static inline const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer";
 
     protected:
         Peer_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-            : proxy_(&proxy)
+            : m_proxy(proxy)
         {
         }
 
         Peer_proxy(const Peer_proxy&) = delete;
         Peer_proxy& operator=(const Peer_proxy&) = delete;
-        Peer_proxy(Peer_proxy&&) = default;
-        Peer_proxy& operator=(Peer_proxy&&) = default;
+        Peer_proxy(Peer_proxy&&) = delete;
+        Peer_proxy& operator=(Peer_proxy&&) = delete;
 
         ~Peer_proxy() = default;
 
+        void registerProxy()
+        {
+        }
+
     public:
         void Ping()
         {
-            proxy_->callMethod("Ping").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+            m_proxy.callMethod("Ping").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
         }
 
         std::string GetMachineId()
         {
             std::string machineUUID;
-            proxy_->callMethod("GetMachineId").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(machineUUID);
+            m_proxy.callMethod("GetMachineId").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(machineUUID);
             return machineUUID;
         }
 
     private:
-        sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+        sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
     };
 
     // Proxy for introspection
     class Introspectable_proxy
     {
-        static constexpr const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable";
+        static inline const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable";
 
     protected:
         Introspectable_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-            : proxy_(&proxy)
+            : m_proxy(proxy)
         {
         }
 
         Introspectable_proxy(const Introspectable_proxy&) = delete;
         Introspectable_proxy& operator=(const Introspectable_proxy&) = delete;
-        Introspectable_proxy(Introspectable_proxy&&) = default;
-        Introspectable_proxy& operator=(Introspectable_proxy&&) = default;
+        Introspectable_proxy(Introspectable_proxy&&) = delete;
+        Introspectable_proxy& operator=(Introspectable_proxy&&) = delete;
 
         ~Introspectable_proxy() = default;
 
+        void registerProxy()
+        {
+        }
+
     public:
         std::string Introspect()
         {
             std::string xml;
-            proxy_->callMethod("Introspect").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(xml);
+            m_proxy.callMethod("Introspect").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(xml);
             return xml;
         }
 
     private:
-        sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+        sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
     };
 
     // Proxy for properties
     class Properties_proxy
     {
-        static constexpr const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
+        static inline const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
 
     protected:
         Properties_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-            : proxy_(&proxy)
+            : m_proxy(proxy)
         {
-            proxy_
-                ->uponSignal("PropertiesChanged")
+        }
+
+        Properties_proxy(const Properties_proxy&) = delete;
+        Properties_proxy& operator=(const Properties_proxy&) = delete;
+        Properties_proxy(Properties_proxy&&) = delete;
+        Properties_proxy& operator=(Properties_proxy&&) = delete;
+
+        ~Properties_proxy() = default;
+
+        void registerProxy()
+        {
+            m_proxy
+                .uponSignal("PropertiesChanged")
                 .onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)
-                .call([this]( const std::string& interfaceName
-                            , const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
-                            , const std::vector<std::string>& invalidatedProperties )
+                .call([this]( const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                            , const std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
+                            , const std::vector<PropertyName>& invalidatedProperties )
                             {
                                 this->onPropertiesChanged(interfaceName, changedProperties, invalidatedProperties);
                             });
         }
 
-        Properties_proxy(const Properties_proxy&) = delete;
-        Properties_proxy& operator=(const Properties_proxy&) = delete;
-        Properties_proxy(Properties_proxy&&) = default;
-        Properties_proxy& operator=(Properties_proxy&&) = default;
-
-        ~Properties_proxy() = default;
-
-        virtual void onPropertiesChanged( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                        , const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
-                                        , const std::vector<std::string>& invalidatedProperties ) = 0;
+        virtual void onPropertiesChanged( const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                        , const std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
+                                        , const std::vector<PropertyName>& invalidatedProperties ) = 0;
 
     public:
-        sdbus::Variant Get(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& propertyName)
+        sdbus::Variant Get(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const PropertyName& propertyName)
         {
-            return proxy_->getProperty(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName);
+            return m_proxy.getProperty(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName);
+        }
+
+        sdbus::Variant Get(std::string_view interfaceName, std::string_view propertyName)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getProperty(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName);
         }
 
         template <typename _Function>
-        PendingAsyncCall GetAsync(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& propertyName, _Function&& callback)
+        PendingAsyncCall GetAsync(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const PropertyName& propertyName, _Function&& callback)
         {
-            return proxy_->getPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
-        }
-
-        std::future<sdbus::Variant> GetAsync(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& propertyName, with_future_t)
-        {
-            return proxy_->getPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).getResultAsFuture();
-        }
-
-        void Set(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value)
-        {
-            proxy_->setProperty(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value);
-        }
-
-        void Set(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, dont_expect_reply_t)
-        {
-            proxy_->setProperty(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value, dont_expect_reply);
+            return m_proxy.getPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
         }
 
         template <typename _Function>
-        PendingAsyncCall SetAsync(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, _Function&& callback)
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot GetAsync(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const PropertyName& propertyName, _Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
         {
-            return proxy_->setPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
+            return m_proxy.getPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
         }
 
-        std::future<void> SetAsync(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, with_future_t)
+        std::future<sdbus::Variant> GetAsync(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const PropertyName& propertyName, with_future_t)
         {
-            return proxy_->setPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value).getResultAsFuture();
-        }
-
-        std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> GetAll(const std::string& interfaceName)
-        {
-            return proxy_->getAllProperties().onInterface(interfaceName);
+            return m_proxy.getPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).getResultAsFuture();
         }
 
         template <typename _Function>
-        PendingAsyncCall GetAllAsync(const std::string& interfaceName, _Function&& callback)
+        PendingAsyncCall GetAsync(std::string_view interfaceName, std::string_view propertyName, _Function&& callback)
         {
-            return proxy_->getAllPropertiesAsync().onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
+            return m_proxy.getPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
         }
 
-        std::future<std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>> GetAllAsync(const std::string& interfaceName, with_future_t)
+        template <typename _Function>
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot GetAsync(std::string_view interfaceName, std::string_view propertyName, _Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
         {
-            return proxy_->getAllPropertiesAsync().onInterface(interfaceName).getResultAsFuture();
+            return m_proxy.getPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
+        }
+
+        std::future<sdbus::Variant> GetAsync(std::string_view interfaceName, std::string_view propertyName, with_future_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).getResultAsFuture();
+        }
+
+        void Set(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const PropertyName& propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value)
+        {
+            m_proxy.setProperty(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value);
+        }
+
+        void Set(std::string_view interfaceName, const std::string_view propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value)
+        {
+            m_proxy.setProperty(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value);
+        }
+
+        void Set(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const PropertyName& propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, dont_expect_reply_t)
+        {
+            m_proxy.setProperty(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value, dont_expect_reply);
+        }
+
+        void Set(std::string_view interfaceName, const std::string_view propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, dont_expect_reply_t)
+        {
+            m_proxy.setProperty(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value, dont_expect_reply);
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Function>
+        PendingAsyncCall SetAsync(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const PropertyName& propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, _Function&& callback)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.setPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Function>
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot SetAsync(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const PropertyName& propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, _Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.setPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
+        }
+
+        std::future<void> SetAsync(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const PropertyName& propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, with_future_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.setPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value).getResultAsFuture();
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Function>
+        PendingAsyncCall SetAsync(std::string_view interfaceName, std::string_view propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, _Function&& callback)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.setPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Function>
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot SetAsync(std::string_view interfaceName, std::string_view propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, _Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.setPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
+        }
+
+        std::future<void> SetAsync(std::string_view interfaceName, std::string_view propertyName, const sdbus::Variant& value, with_future_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.setPropertyAsync(propertyName).onInterface(interfaceName).toValue(value).getResultAsFuture();
+        }
+
+        std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant> GetAll(const InterfaceName& interfaceName)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getAllProperties().onInterface(interfaceName);
+        }
+
+        std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant> GetAll(std::string_view interfaceName)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getAllProperties().onInterface(interfaceName);
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Function>
+        PendingAsyncCall GetAllAsync(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, _Function&& callback)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getAllPropertiesAsync().onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Function>
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot GetAllAsync(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, _Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getAllPropertiesAsync().onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
+        }
+
+        std::future<std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>> GetAllAsync(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, with_future_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getAllPropertiesAsync().onInterface(interfaceName).getResultAsFuture();
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Function>
+        PendingAsyncCall GetAllAsync(std::string_view interfaceName, _Function&& callback)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getAllPropertiesAsync().onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Function>
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot GetAllAsync(std::string_view interfaceName, _Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getAllPropertiesAsync().onInterface(interfaceName).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
+        }
+
+        std::future<std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>> GetAllAsync(std::string_view interfaceName, with_future_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.getAllPropertiesAsync().onInterface(interfaceName).getResultAsFuture();
         }
 
     private:
-        sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+        sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
     };
 
     // Proxy for object manager
     class ObjectManager_proxy
     {
-        static constexpr const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager";
+        static inline const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager";
 
     protected:
         ObjectManager_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-            : proxy_(&proxy)
+            : m_proxy(proxy)
         {
-            proxy_
-                ->uponSignal("InterfacesAdded")
+        }
+
+        ObjectManager_proxy(const ObjectManager_proxy&) = delete;
+        ObjectManager_proxy& operator=(const ObjectManager_proxy&) = delete;
+        ObjectManager_proxy(ObjectManager_proxy&&) = delete;
+        ObjectManager_proxy& operator=(ObjectManager_proxy&&) = delete;
+
+        ~ObjectManager_proxy() = default;
+
+        void registerProxy()
+        {
+            m_proxy
+                .uponSignal("InterfacesAdded")
                 .onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)
                 .call([this]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-                            , const std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties )
+                            , const std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties )
                             {
                                 this->onInterfacesAdded(objectPath, interfacesAndProperties);
                             });
 
-            proxy_->uponSignal("InterfacesRemoved")
+            m_proxy
+                .uponSignal("InterfacesRemoved")
                 .onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)
                 .call([this]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-                            , const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces )
+                            , const std::vector<sdbus::InterfaceName>& interfaces )
                             {
                                 this->onInterfacesRemoved(objectPath, interfaces);
                             });
         }
 
-        ObjectManager_proxy(const ObjectManager_proxy&) = delete;
-        ObjectManager_proxy& operator=(const ObjectManager_proxy&) = delete;
-        ObjectManager_proxy(ObjectManager_proxy&&) = default;
-        ObjectManager_proxy& operator=(ObjectManager_proxy&&) = default;
-
-        ~ObjectManager_proxy() = default;
-
         virtual void onInterfacesAdded( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-                                      , const std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties) = 0;
+                                      , const std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties) = 0;
         virtual void onInterfacesRemoved( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-                                        , const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces) = 0;
+                                        , const std::vector<sdbus::InterfaceName>& interfaces) = 0;
 
     public:
-        std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>> GetManagedObjects()
+        std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>> GetManagedObjects()
         {
-            std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>> objectsInterfacesAndProperties;
-            proxy_->callMethod("GetManagedObjects").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(objectsInterfacesAndProperties);
+            std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>> objectsInterfacesAndProperties;
+            m_proxy.callMethod("GetManagedObjects").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(objectsInterfacesAndProperties);
             return objectsInterfacesAndProperties;
         }
 
+        template <typename _Function>
+        PendingAsyncCall GetManagedObjectsAsync(_Function&& callback)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.callMethodAsync("GetManagedObjects").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback));
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Function>
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot GetManagedObjectsAsync(_Function&& callback, return_slot_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.callMethodAsync("GetManagedObjects").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).uponReplyInvoke(std::forward<_Function>(callback), return_slot);
+        }
+
+        std::future<std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>>> GetManagedObjectsAsync(with_future_t)
+        {
+            return m_proxy.callMethodAsync("GetManagedObjects").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).getResultAsFuture<std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>>>();
+        }
+
     private:
-        sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+        sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
     };
 
     // Adaptors for the above-listed standard D-Bus interfaces are not necessary because the functionality
@@ -248,34 +372,47 @@ namespace sdbus {
     // Adaptor for properties
     class Properties_adaptor
     {
-        static constexpr const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
+        static inline const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties";
 
     protected:
-        Properties_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-            : object_(&object)
+        Properties_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object) : m_object(object)
         {
         }
 
         Properties_adaptor(const Properties_adaptor&) = delete;
         Properties_adaptor& operator=(const Properties_adaptor&) = delete;
-        Properties_adaptor(Properties_adaptor&&) = default;
-        Properties_adaptor& operator=(Properties_adaptor&&) = default;
+        Properties_adaptor(Properties_adaptor&&) = delete;
+        Properties_adaptor& operator=(Properties_adaptor&&) = delete;
 
         ~Properties_adaptor() = default;
 
-    public:
-        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::vector<std::string>& properties)
+        void registerAdaptor()
         {
-            object_->emitPropertiesChangedSignal(interfaceName, properties);
         }
 
-        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const std::string& interfaceName)
+    public:
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const std::vector<PropertyName>& properties)
         {
-            object_->emitPropertiesChangedSignal(interfaceName);
+            m_object.emitPropertiesChangedSignal(interfaceName, properties);
+        }
+
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const char* interfaceName, const std::vector<PropertyName>& properties)
+        {
+            m_object.emitPropertiesChangedSignal(interfaceName, properties);
+        }
+
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName)
+        {
+            m_object.emitPropertiesChangedSignal(interfaceName);
+        }
+
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const char* interfaceName)
+        {
+            m_object.emitPropertiesChangedSignal(interfaceName);
         }
 
     private:
-        sdbus::IObject* object_;
+        sdbus::IObject& m_object;
     };
 
     /*!
@@ -290,24 +427,27 @@ namespace sdbus {
      */
     class ObjectManager_adaptor
     {
-        static constexpr const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager";
+        static inline const char* INTERFACE_NAME = "org.freedesktop.DBus.ObjectManager";
 
     protected:
-        explicit ObjectManager_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-            : object_(&object)
+        explicit ObjectManager_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object) : m_object(object)
         {
-            object_->addObjectManager();
         }
 
         ObjectManager_adaptor(const ObjectManager_adaptor&) = delete;
         ObjectManager_adaptor& operator=(const ObjectManager_adaptor&) = delete;
-        ObjectManager_adaptor(ObjectManager_adaptor&&) = default;
-        ObjectManager_adaptor& operator=(ObjectManager_adaptor&&) = default;
+        ObjectManager_adaptor(ObjectManager_adaptor&&) = delete;
+        ObjectManager_adaptor& operator=(ObjectManager_adaptor&&) = delete;
 
         ~ObjectManager_adaptor() = default;
 
+        void registerAdaptor()
+        {
+            m_object.addObjectManager();
+        }
+
     private:
-        sdbus::IObject* object_;
+        sdbus::IObject& m_object;
     };
 
     /*!
@@ -325,17 +465,21 @@ namespace sdbus {
     {
     protected:
         explicit ManagedObject_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-            : object_(&object)
+            : m_object(object)
         {
         }
 
         ManagedObject_adaptor(const ManagedObject_adaptor&) = delete;
         ManagedObject_adaptor& operator=(const ManagedObject_adaptor&) = delete;
-        ManagedObject_adaptor(ManagedObject_adaptor&&) = default;
-        ManagedObject_adaptor& operator=(ManagedObject_adaptor&&) = default;
+        ManagedObject_adaptor(ManagedObject_adaptor&&) = delete;
+        ManagedObject_adaptor& operator=(ManagedObject_adaptor&&) = delete;
 
         ~ManagedObject_adaptor() = default;
 
+        void registerAdaptor()
+        {
+        }
+
     public:
         /*!
          * @brief Emits InterfacesAdded signal for this object path
@@ -344,7 +488,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
          */
         void emitInterfacesAddedSignal()
         {
-            object_->emitInterfacesAddedSignal();
+            m_object.emitInterfacesAddedSignal();
         }
 
         /*!
@@ -352,9 +496,9 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * See IObject::emitInterfacesAddedSignal().
          */
-        void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces)
+        void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::vector<sdbus::InterfaceName>& interfaces)
         {
-            object_->emitInterfacesAddedSignal(interfaces);
+            m_object.emitInterfacesAddedSignal(interfaces);
         }
 
         /*!
@@ -364,7 +508,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
          */
         void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal()
         {
-            object_->emitInterfacesRemovedSignal();
+            m_object.emitInterfacesRemovedSignal();
         }
 
         /*!
@@ -372,13 +516,13 @@ namespace sdbus {
          *
          * See IObject::emitInterfacesRemovedSignal().
          */
-        void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces)
+        void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces)
         {
-            object_->emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(interfaces);
+            m_object.emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(interfaces);
         }
 
     private:
-        sdbus::IObject* object_;
+        sdbus::IObject& m_object;
     };
 
 }

include/sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file TypeTraits.h
  *
@@ -27,19 +27,27 @@
 #ifndef SDBUS_CXX_TYPETRAITS_H_
 #define SDBUS_CXX_TYPETRAITS_H_
 
-#include <type_traits>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
+#include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
+
 #include <array>
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
-#include <span>
-#endif
-#include <map>
-#include <unordered_map>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <functional>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#ifdef __has_include
+#  if __has_include(<span>)
+#    include <span>
+#  endif
+#endif
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
 #include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
 
 // Forward declarations
 namespace sdbus {
@@ -48,6 +56,10 @@ namespace sdbus {
     class ObjectPath;
     class Signature;
     class UnixFd;
+    template<typename _T1, typename _T2> using DictEntry = std::pair<_T1, _T2>;
+    class BusName;
+    class InterfaceName;
+    class MemberName;
     class MethodCall;
     class MethodReply;
     class Signal;
@@ -56,30 +68,28 @@ namespace sdbus {
     class PropertyGetReply;
     template <typename... _Results> class Result;
     class Error;
+    template <typename _T, typename _Enable = void> struct signature_of;
 }
 
 namespace sdbus {
 
     // Callbacks from sdbus-c++
     using method_callback = std::function<void(MethodCall msg)>;
-    using async_reply_handler = std::function<void(MethodReply& reply, const Error* error)>;
-    using signal_handler = std::function<void(Signal& signal)>;
-    using message_handler = std::function<void(Message& msg)>;
-    using property_set_callback = std::function<void(PropertySetCall& msg)>;
+    using async_reply_handler = std::function<void(MethodReply reply, std::optional<Error> error)>;
+    using signal_handler = std::function<void(Signal signal)>;
+    using message_handler = std::function<void(Message msg)>;
+    using property_set_callback = std::function<void(PropertySetCall msg)>;
     using property_get_callback = std::function<void(PropertyGetReply& reply)>;
 
     // Type-erased RAII-style handle to callbacks/subscriptions registered to sdbus-c++
     using Slot = std::unique_ptr<void, std::function<void(void*)>>;
 
-    // Tag specifying that an owning slot handle shall be returned from the function
-    struct request_slot_t { explicit request_slot_t() = default; };
-    inline constexpr request_slot_t request_slot{};
+    // Tag specifying that an owning handle (so-called slot) of the logical resource shall be provided to the client
+    struct return_slot_t { explicit return_slot_t() = default; };
+    inline constexpr return_slot_t return_slot{};
     // Tag specifying that the library shall own the slot resulting from the call of the function (so-called floating slot)
     struct floating_slot_t { explicit floating_slot_t() = default; };
     inline constexpr floating_slot_t floating_slot{};
-    // Deprecated name for the above -- a floating slot
-    struct dont_request_slot_t { explicit dont_request_slot_t() = default; };
-    [[deprecated("Replaced by floating_slot")]] inline constexpr dont_request_slot_t dont_request_slot{};
     // Tag denoting the assumption that the caller has already obtained message ownership
     struct adopt_message_t { explicit adopt_message_t() = default; };
     inline constexpr adopt_message_t adopt_message{};
@@ -96,355 +106,292 @@ namespace sdbus {
     // Tag denoting a call where the reply shouldn't be waited for
     struct dont_expect_reply_t { explicit dont_expect_reply_t() = default; };
     inline constexpr dont_expect_reply_t dont_expect_reply{};
+    // Tag denoting that the variant shall embed the other variant as its value, instead of creating a copy
+    struct embed_variant_t { explicit embed_variant_t() = default; };
+    inline constexpr embed_variant_t embed_variant{};
+
+    // Helper for static assert
+    template <class... _T> constexpr bool always_false = false;
+
+    // Helper operator+ for concatenation of `std::array`s
+    template <typename _T, std::size_t _N1, std::size_t _N2>
+    constexpr std::array<_T, _N1 + _N2> operator+(std::array<_T, _N1> lhs, std::array<_T, _N2> rhs);
 
     // Template specializations for getting D-Bus signatures from C++ types
     template <typename _T>
+    constexpr auto signature_of_v = signature_of<_T>::value;
+
+    template <typename _T, typename _Enable>
     struct signature_of
     {
         static constexpr bool is_valid = false;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
 
-        static const std::string str()
+        static constexpr void* value = []
         {
-            // sizeof(_T) < 0 is here to make compiler not being able to figure out
-            // the assertion expression before the template instantiation takes place.
-            static_assert(sizeof(_T) < 0, "Unknown DBus type");
-            return "";
-        }
+            // See using-sdbus-c++.md, section "Extending sdbus-c++ type system",
+            // on how to teach sdbus-c++ about your custom types
+            static_assert(always_false<_T>, "Unsupported D-Bus type (specialize `signature_of` for your custom types)");
+        };
     };
 
     template <typename _T>
-    struct signature_of<const _T>
-        : public signature_of<_T>
+    struct signature_of<const _T> : signature_of<_T>
     {};
 
     template <typename _T>
-    struct signature_of<_T&>
-            : public signature_of<_T>
+    struct signature_of<volatile _T> : signature_of<_T>
+    {};
+
+    template <typename _T>
+    struct signature_of<const volatile _T> : signature_of<_T>
+    {};
+
+    template <typename _T>
+    struct signature_of<_T&> : signature_of<_T>
     {};
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<void>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array<char, 0> value{};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<bool>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'b'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = true;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "b";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<uint8_t>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'y'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = true;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "y";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<int16_t>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'n'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = true;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "n";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<uint16_t>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'q'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = true;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "q";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<int32_t>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'i'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = true;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "i";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<uint32_t>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'u'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = true;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "u";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<int64_t>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'x'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = true;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "x";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<uint64_t>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'t'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = true;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "t";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<double>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'d'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = true;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "d";
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <>
-    struct signature_of<char*>
-    {
-        static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
-        static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "s";
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <>
-    struct signature_of<const char*>
-    {
-        static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
-        static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "s";
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <std::size_t _N>
-    struct signature_of<char[_N]>
-    {
-        static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
-        static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "s";
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <std::size_t _N>
-    struct signature_of<const char[_N]>
-    {
-        static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
-        static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "s";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<std::string>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'s'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "s";
-        }
     };
 
+    template <>
+    struct signature_of<std::string_view> : signature_of<std::string>
+    {};
+
+    template <>
+    struct signature_of<char*> : signature_of<std::string>
+    {};
+
+    template <>
+    struct signature_of<const char*> : signature_of<std::string>
+    {};
+
+    template <std::size_t _N>
+    struct signature_of<char[_N]> : signature_of<std::string>
+    {};
+
+    template <std::size_t _N>
+    struct signature_of<const char[_N]> : signature_of<std::string>
+    {};
+
+    template <>
+    struct signature_of<BusName> : signature_of<std::string>
+    {};
+
+    template <>
+    struct signature_of<InterfaceName> : signature_of<std::string>
+    {};
+
+    template <>
+    struct signature_of<MemberName> : signature_of<std::string>
+    {};
+
     template <typename... _ValueTypes>
     struct signature_of<Struct<_ValueTypes...>>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array contents = (signature_of_v<_ValueTypes> + ...);
+        static constexpr std::array value = std::array{'('} + contents + std::array{')'};
+        static constexpr char type_value{'r'}; /* Not actually used in signatures on D-Bus, see specs */
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            std::string signature;
-            signature += "(";
-            (signature += ... += signature_of<_ValueTypes>::str());
-            signature += ")";
-            return signature;
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<Variant>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'v'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "v";
-        }
     };
 
+    template <typename... Elements>
+    struct signature_of<std::variant<Elements...>> : signature_of<Variant>
+    {};
+
     template <>
     struct signature_of<ObjectPath>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'o'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "o";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<Signature>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'g'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "g";
-        }
     };
 
     template <>
     struct signature_of<UnixFd>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value{'h'};
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
+    };
 
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "h";
-        }
+    template <typename _T1, typename _T2>
+    struct signature_of<DictEntry<_T1, _T2>>
+    {
+        static constexpr std::array value = std::array{'{'} + signature_of_v<std::tuple<_T1, _T2>> + std::array{'}'};
+        static constexpr char type_value{'e'}; /* Not actually used in signatures on D-Bus, see specs */
+        static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
+        static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
     };
 
     template <typename _Element, typename _Allocator>
     struct signature_of<std::vector<_Element, _Allocator>>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value = std::array{'a'} + signature_of_v<_Element>;
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "a" + signature_of<_Element>::str();
-        }
     };
 
     template <typename _Element, std::size_t _Size>
-    struct signature_of<std::array<_Element, _Size>>
+    struct signature_of<std::array<_Element, _Size>> : signature_of<std::vector<_Element>>
     {
-        static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
-        static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "a" + signature_of<_Element>::str();
-        }
     };
 
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_span
     template <typename _Element, std::size_t _Extent>
-    struct signature_of<std::span<_Element, _Extent>>
+    struct signature_of<std::span<_Element, _Extent>> : signature_of<std::vector<_Element>>
     {
-        static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
-        static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "a" + signature_of<_Element>::str();
-        }
     };
 #endif
 
+    template <typename _Enum> // is_const_v and is_volatile_v to avoid ambiguity conflicts with const and volatile specializations of signature_of
+    struct signature_of<_Enum, typename std::enable_if_t<std::is_enum_v<_Enum> && !std::is_const_v<_Enum> && !std::is_volatile_v<_Enum>>>
+        : signature_of<std::underlying_type_t<_Enum>>
+    {};
+
     template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Compare, typename _Allocator>
     struct signature_of<std::map<_Key, _Value, _Compare, _Allocator>>
     {
+        static constexpr std::array value = std::array{'a'} + signature_of_v<DictEntry<_Key, _Value>>;
         static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
         static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "a{" + signature_of<_Key>::str() + signature_of<_Value>::str() + "}";
-        }
     };
 
     template <typename _Key, typename _Value, typename _Hash, typename _KeyEqual, typename _Allocator>
     struct signature_of<std::unordered_map<_Key, _Value, _Hash, _KeyEqual, _Allocator>>
+        : signature_of<std::map<_Key, _Value>>
     {
-        static constexpr bool is_valid = true;
-        static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
-
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return "a{" + signature_of<_Key>::str() + signature_of<_Value>::str() + "}";
-        }
     };
 
+    template <typename... _Types>
+    struct signature_of<std::tuple<_Types...>> // A simple concatenation of signatures of _Types
+    {
+        static constexpr std::array value = (std::array<char, 0>{} + ... + signature_of_v<_Types>);
+        static constexpr bool is_valid = false;
+        static constexpr bool is_trivial_dbus_type = false;
+    };
+
+    // To simplify conversions of arrays to C strings
+    template <typename _T, std::size_t _N>
+    constexpr auto as_null_terminated(std::array<_T, _N> arr)
+    {
+        return arr + std::array<_T, 1>{0};
+    }
 
     // Function traits implementation inspired by (c) kennytm,
     // https://github.com/kennytm/utils/blob/master/traits.hpp
     template <typename _Type>
-    struct function_traits
-        : public function_traits<decltype(&_Type::operator())>
+    struct function_traits : function_traits<decltype(&_Type::operator())>
     {};
 
     template <typename _Type>
-    struct function_traits<const _Type>
-        : public function_traits<_Type>
+    struct function_traits<const _Type> : function_traits<_Type>
     {};
 
     template <typename _Type>
-    struct function_traits<_Type&>
-        : public function_traits<_Type>
+    struct function_traits<_Type&> : function_traits<_Type>
     {};
 
     template <typename _ReturnType, typename... _Args>
@@ -484,72 +431,62 @@ namespace sdbus {
     };
 
     template <typename _ReturnType, typename... _Args>
-    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
-        : public function_traits_base<_ReturnType, _Args...>
+    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)> : function_traits_base<_ReturnType, _Args...>
     {
         static constexpr bool is_async = false;
         static constexpr bool has_error_param = false;
     };
 
     template <typename... _Args>
-    struct function_traits<void(const Error*, _Args...)>
-        : public function_traits_base<void, _Args...>
+    struct function_traits<void(std::optional<Error>, _Args...)> : function_traits_base<void, _Args...>
     {
         static constexpr bool has_error_param = true;
     };
 
     template <typename... _Args, typename... _Results>
-    struct function_traits<void(Result<_Results...>, _Args...)>
-        : public function_traits_base<std::tuple<_Results...>, _Args...>
+    struct function_traits<void(Result<_Results...>, _Args...)> : function_traits_base<std::tuple<_Results...>, _Args...>
     {
         static constexpr bool is_async = true;
         using async_result_t = Result<_Results...>;
     };
 
     template <typename... _Args, typename... _Results>
-    struct function_traits<void(Result<_Results...>&&, _Args...)>
-        : public function_traits_base<std::tuple<_Results...>, _Args...>
+    struct function_traits<void(Result<_Results...>&&, _Args...)> : function_traits_base<std::tuple<_Results...>, _Args...>
     {
         static constexpr bool is_async = true;
         using async_result_t = Result<_Results...>;
     };
 
     template <typename _ReturnType, typename... _Args>
-    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(*)(_Args...)>
-        : public function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
+    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(*)(_Args...)> : function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
     {};
 
     template <typename _ClassType, typename _ReturnType, typename... _Args>
-    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_ClassType::*)(_Args...)>
-        : public function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
+    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_ClassType::*)(_Args...)> : function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
     {
         typedef _ClassType& owner_type;
     };
 
     template <typename _ClassType, typename _ReturnType, typename... _Args>
-    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_ClassType::*)(_Args...) const>
-        : public function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
+    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_ClassType::*)(_Args...) const> : function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
     {
         typedef const _ClassType& owner_type;
     };
 
     template <typename _ClassType, typename _ReturnType, typename... _Args>
-    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_ClassType::*)(_Args...) volatile>
-        : public function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
+    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_ClassType::*)(_Args...) volatile> : function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
     {
         typedef volatile _ClassType& owner_type;
     };
 
     template <typename _ClassType, typename _ReturnType, typename... _Args>
-    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_ClassType::*)(_Args...) const volatile>
-        : public function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
+    struct function_traits<_ReturnType(_ClassType::*)(_Args...) const volatile> : function_traits<_ReturnType(_Args...)>
     {
         typedef const volatile _ClassType& owner_type;
     };
 
     template <typename FunctionType>
-    struct function_traits<std::function<FunctionType>>
-        : public function_traits<FunctionType>
+    struct function_traits<std::function<FunctionType>> : function_traits<FunctionType>
     {};
 
     template <class _Function>
@@ -588,45 +525,33 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _Function>
     using tuple_of_function_output_arg_types_t = typename tuple_of_function_output_arg_types<_Function>::type;
 
-    template <typename _Type>
-    struct aggregate_signature
+    template <typename _Function>
+    struct signature_of_function_input_arguments : signature_of<tuple_of_function_input_arg_types_t<_Function>>
     {
-        static const std::string str()
+        static std::string value_as_string()
         {
-            return signature_of<std::decay_t<_Type>>::str();
-        }
-    };
-
-    template <typename... _Types>
-    struct aggregate_signature<std::tuple<_Types...>>
-    {
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            std::string signature;
-            (void)(signature += ... += signature_of<std::decay_t<_Types>>::str());
-            return signature;
+            constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<tuple_of_function_input_arg_types_t<_Function>>);
+            return signature.data();
         }
     };
 
     template <typename _Function>
-    struct signature_of_function_input_arguments
+    inline auto signature_of_function_input_arguments_v = signature_of_function_input_arguments<_Function>::value_as_string();
+
+    template <typename _Function>
+    struct signature_of_function_output_arguments : signature_of<tuple_of_function_output_arg_types_t<_Function>>
     {
-        static const std::string str()
+        static std::string value_as_string()
         {
-            return aggregate_signature<tuple_of_function_input_arg_types_t<_Function>>::str();
+            constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<tuple_of_function_output_arg_types_t<_Function>>);
+            return signature.data();
         }
     };
 
     template <typename _Function>
-    struct signature_of_function_output_arguments
-    {
-        static const std::string str()
-        {
-            return aggregate_signature<tuple_of_function_output_arg_types_t<_Function>>::str();
-        }
-    };
-
+    inline auto signature_of_function_output_arguments_v = signature_of_function_output_arguments<_Function>::value_as_string();
 
+    // std::future stuff for return values of async calls
     template <typename... _Args> struct future_return
     {
         typedef std::tuple<_Args...> type;
@@ -645,6 +570,43 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename... _Args>
     using future_return_t = typename future_return<_Args...>::type;
 
+    // Credit: Piotr Skotnicki (https://stackoverflow.com/a/57639506)
+    template <typename, typename>
+    constexpr bool is_one_of_variants_types = false;
+
+    template <typename... _VariantTypes, typename _QueriedType>
+    constexpr bool is_one_of_variants_types<std::variant<_VariantTypes...>, _QueriedType>
+        = (std::is_same_v<_QueriedType, _VariantTypes> || ...);
+
+    // Wrapper (tag) denoting we want to serialize user-defined struct
+    // into a D-Bus message as a dictionary of strings to variants.
+    template <typename _Struct>
+    struct as_dictionary
+    {
+        explicit as_dictionary(const _Struct& s) : m_struct(s) {}
+        const _Struct& m_struct;
+    };
+
+    template <typename _Type>
+    const _Type& as_dictionary_if_struct(const _Type& object)
+    {
+        return object; // identity in case _Type is not struct (user-defined structs shall provide an overload)
+    }
+
+    // By default, the dict-as-struct deserialization strategy is strict.
+    // Strict means that every key of the deserialized dictionary must have its counterpart member in the struct, otherwise an exception is thrown.
+    // Relaxed means that a key that does not have a matching struct member is silently ignored.
+    // The behavior can be overridden for user-defined struct by specializing this variable template.
+    template <typename _Struct>
+    constexpr auto strict_dict_as_struct_deserialization_v = true;
+
+    // By default, the struct-as-dict serialization strategy is single-level only (as opposed to nested).
+    // Single-level means that only the specific struct is serialized as a dictionary, serializing members that are structs always as structs.
+    // Nested means that the struct *and* its members that are structs are all serialized as a dictionary. If nested strategy is also
+    // defined for the nested struct, then the same behavior applies for that struct, recursively.
+    // The behavior can be overridden for user-defined struct by specializing this variable template.
+    template <typename _Struct>
+    constexpr auto nested_struct_as_dict_serialization_v = false;
 
     namespace detail
     {
@@ -658,12 +620,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
         }
 
         template <class _Function, class _Tuple, std::size_t... _I>
-        constexpr decltype(auto) apply_impl( _Function&& f
-                                           , const Error* e
-                                           , _Tuple&& t
-                                           , std::index_sequence<_I...> )
+        decltype(auto) apply_impl( _Function&& f
+                                 , std::optional<Error> e
+                                 , _Tuple&& t
+                                 , std::index_sequence<_I...> )
         {
-            return std::forward<_Function>(f)(e, std::get<_I>(std::forward<_Tuple>(t))...);
+            return std::forward<_Function>(f)(std::move(e), std::get<_I>(std::forward<_Tuple>(t))...);
         }
 
         // For non-void returning functions, apply_impl simply returns function return value (a tuple of values).
@@ -704,13 +666,33 @@ namespace sdbus {
     // Convert tuple `t' of values into a list of arguments
     // and invoke function `f' with those arguments.
     template <class _Function, class _Tuple>
-    constexpr decltype(auto) apply(_Function&& f, const Error* e, _Tuple&& t)
+    decltype(auto) apply(_Function&& f, std::optional<Error> e, _Tuple&& t)
     {
         return detail::apply_impl( std::forward<_Function>(f)
-                                 , e
+                                 , std::move(e)
                                  , std::forward<_Tuple>(t)
                                  , std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<std::decay_t<_Tuple>>::value>{} );
     }
+
+    // Convenient concatenation of arrays
+    template <typename _T, std::size_t _N1, std::size_t _N2>
+    constexpr std::array<_T, _N1 + _N2> operator+(std::array<_T, _N1> lhs, std::array<_T, _N2> rhs)
+    {
+        std::array<_T, _N1 + _N2> result{};
+        std::size_t index = 0;
+
+        for (auto& el : lhs) {
+            result[index] = std::move(el);
+            ++index;
+        }
+        for (auto& el : rhs) {
+            result[index] = std::move(el);
+            ++index;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
 }
 
 #endif /* SDBUS_CXX_TYPETRAITS_H_ */

include/sdbus-c++/Types.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Types.h
  *
@@ -29,12 +29,15 @@
 
 #include <sdbus-c++/Message.h>
 #include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <memory>
 #include <string>
+#include <tuple>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <typeinfo>
-#include <memory>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <unistd.h>
+#include <utility>
 
 namespace sdbus {
 
@@ -56,21 +59,46 @@ namespace sdbus {
         Variant();
 
         template <typename _ValueType>
-        /*explicit*/ Variant(const _ValueType& value) // TODO: Mark explicit in new major version so we don't break client code within v1
-            : Variant()
+        explicit Variant(const _ValueType& value) : Variant()
         {
-            msg_.openVariant(signature_of<_ValueType>::str());
+            msg_.openVariant<_ValueType>();
             msg_ << value;
             msg_.closeVariant();
             msg_.seal();
         }
 
+        Variant(const Variant& value, embed_variant_t) : Variant()
+        {
+            msg_.openVariant<Variant>();
+            msg_ << value;
+            msg_.closeVariant();
+            msg_.seal();
+        }
+
+        template <typename _Struct>
+        explicit Variant(const as_dictionary<_Struct>& value) : Variant()
+        {
+            msg_.openVariant<std::map<std::string, Variant>>();
+            msg_ << as_dictionary(value.m_struct);
+            msg_.closeVariant();
+            msg_.seal();
+        }
+
+        template <typename... _Elements>
+        Variant(const std::variant<_Elements...>& value)
+            : Variant()
+        {
+            msg_ << value;
+            msg_.seal();
+        }
+
         template <typename _ValueType>
         _ValueType get() const
         {
-            _ValueType val;
             msg_.rewind(false);
-            msg_.enterVariant(signature_of<_ValueType>::str());
+
+            msg_.enterVariant<_ValueType>();
+            _ValueType val;
             msg_ >> val;
             msg_.exitVariant();
             return val;
@@ -78,22 +106,32 @@ namespace sdbus {
 
         // Only allow conversion operator for true D-Bus type representations in C++
         template <typename _ValueType, typename = std::enable_if_t<signature_of<_ValueType>::is_valid>>
-        operator _ValueType() const
+        explicit operator _ValueType() const
         {
             return get<_ValueType>();
         }
 
+        template <typename... _Elements>
+        operator std::variant<_Elements...>() const
+        {
+            std::variant<_Elements...> result;
+            msg_.rewind(false);
+            msg_ >> result;
+            return result;
+        }
+
         template <typename _Type>
         bool containsValueOfType() const
         {
-            return signature_of<_Type>::str() == peekValueType();
+            constexpr auto signature = as_null_terminated(signature_of_v<_Type>);
+            return std::strcmp(signature.data(), peekValueType()) == 0;
         }
 
         bool isEmpty() const;
 
         void serializeTo(Message& msg) const;
         void deserializeFrom(Message& msg);
-        std::string peekValueType() const;
+        const char* peekValueType() const;
 
     private:
         mutable PlainMessage msg_{};
@@ -116,15 +154,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
     public:
         using std::tuple<_ValueTypes...>::tuple;
 
-        // Disable constructor if an older then 7.1.0 version of GCC is used
-#if !((defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__GNUG__)) && !defined(__clang__) && !(__GNUC__ > 7 || (__GNUC__ == 7 && (__GNUC_MINOR__ > 1 || (__GNUC_MINOR__ == 1 && __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ > 0)))))
         Struct() = default;
 
         explicit Struct(const std::tuple<_ValueTypes...>& t)
             : std::tuple<_ValueTypes...>(t)
         {
         }
-#endif
 
         template <std::size_t _I>
         auto& get()
@@ -153,42 +188,107 @@ namespace sdbus {
     /********************************************//**
      * @class ObjectPath
      *
-     * Representation of object path D-Bus type
+     * Strong type representing the D-Bus object path
      *
      ***********************************************/
     class ObjectPath : public std::string
     {
     public:
-        using std::string::string;
-        ObjectPath() = default; // Fixes gcc 6.3 error (default c-tor is not imported in above using declaration)
-        ObjectPath(const ObjectPath&) = default; // Fixes gcc 8.3 error (deleted copy constructor)
-        ObjectPath(ObjectPath&&) = default; // Enable move - user-declared copy ctor prevents implicit creation
-        ObjectPath& operator = (const ObjectPath&) = default; // Fixes gcc 8.3 error (deleted copy assignment)
-        ObjectPath& operator = (ObjectPath&&) = default; // Enable move - user-declared copy assign prevents implicit creation
-        ObjectPath(std::string path)
-            : std::string(std::move(path))
+        ObjectPath() = default;
+        explicit ObjectPath(std::string value)
+            : std::string(std::move(value))
         {}
+        explicit ObjectPath(const char* value)
+            : std::string(value)
+        {}
+
         using std::string::operator=;
     };
 
+    /********************************************//**
+     * @class BusName
+     *
+     * Strong type representing the D-Bus bus/service/connection name
+     *
+     ***********************************************/
+    class BusName : public std::string
+    {
+    public:
+        BusName() = default;
+        explicit BusName(std::string value)
+            : std::string(std::move(value))
+        {}
+        explicit BusName(const char* value)
+            : std::string(value)
+        {}
+
+        using std::string::operator=;
+    };
+
+    using ServiceName = BusName;
+    using ConnectionName = BusName;
+
+    /********************************************//**
+     * @class InterfaceName
+     *
+     * Strong type representing the D-Bus interface name
+     *
+     ***********************************************/
+    class InterfaceName : public std::string
+    {
+    public:
+        InterfaceName() = default;
+        explicit InterfaceName(std::string value)
+            : std::string(std::move(value))
+        {}
+        explicit InterfaceName(const char* value)
+            : std::string(value)
+        {}
+
+        using std::string::operator=;
+    };
+
+    /********************************************//**
+     * @class MemberName
+     *
+     * Strong type representing the D-Bus member name
+     *
+     ***********************************************/
+    class MemberName : public std::string
+    {
+    public:
+        MemberName() = default;
+        explicit MemberName(std::string value)
+                : std::string(std::move(value))
+        {}
+        explicit MemberName(const char* value)
+                : std::string(value)
+        {}
+
+        using std::string::operator=;
+    };
+
+    using MethodName = MemberName;
+    using SignalName = MemberName;
+    using PropertyName = MemberName;
+
     /********************************************//**
      * @class Signature
      *
-     * Representation of Signature D-Bus type
+     * Strong type representing the D-Bus object path
      *
      ***********************************************/
     class Signature : public std::string
     {
     public:
-        using std::string::string;
-        Signature() = default; // Fixes gcc 6.3 error (default c-tor is not imported in above using declaration)
-        Signature(const Signature&) = default; // Fixes gcc 8.3 error (deleted copy constructor)
-        Signature(Signature&&) = default; // Enable move - user-declared copy ctor prevents implicit creation
-        Signature& operator = (const Signature&) = default; // Fixes gcc 8.3 error (deleted copy assignment)
-        Signature& operator = (Signature&&) = default; // Enable move - user-declared copy assign prevents implicit creation
-        Signature(std::string path)
-            : std::string(std::move(path))
+        Signature() = default;
+        explicit Signature(std::string value)
+            : std::string(std::move(value))
         {}
+        explicit Signature(const char* value)
+            : std::string(value)
+        {}
+
         using std::string::operator=;
     };
 
@@ -209,7 +309,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
         UnixFd() = default;
 
         explicit UnixFd(int fd)
-            : fd_(::dup(fd))
+            : fd_(checkedDup(fd))
         {
         }
 
@@ -225,8 +325,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
 
         UnixFd& operator=(const UnixFd& other)
         {
+            if (this == &other)
+            {
+                return *this;
+            }
             close();
-            fd_ = ::dup(other.fd_);
+            fd_ = checkedDup(other.fd_);
             return *this;
         }
 
@@ -237,9 +341,12 @@ namespace sdbus {
 
         UnixFd& operator=(UnixFd&& other)
         {
+            if (this == &other)
+            {
+                return *this;
+            }
             close();
-            fd_ = other.fd_;
-            other.fd_ = -1;
+            fd_ = std::exchange(other.fd_, -1);
             return *this;
         }
 
@@ -248,7 +355,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
             close();
         }
 
-        int get() const
+        [[nodiscard]] int get() const
         {
             return fd_;
         }
@@ -265,36 +372,226 @@ namespace sdbus {
 
         int release()
         {
-            auto fd = fd_;
-            fd_ = -1;
-            return fd;
+            return std::exchange(fd_, -1);
         }
 
-        bool isValid() const
+        [[nodiscard]] bool isValid() const
         {
             return fd_ >= 0;
         }
 
     private:
-        void close()
-        {
-            if (fd_ >= 0)
-                ::close(fd_);
-        }
+        /// Closes file descriptor, but does not set it to -1.
+        void close();
+
+        /// Returns negative argument unchanged.
+        /// Otherwise, call ::dup and throw on failure.
+        static int checkedDup(int fd);
 
         int fd_ = -1;
     };
 
+    /********************************************//**
+     * @typedef DictEntry
+     *
+     * DictEntry is implemented as std::pair, a standard
+     * value_type in STL(-like) associative containers.
+     *
+     ***********************************************/
+    template<typename _T1, typename _T2>
+    using DictEntry = std::pair<_T1, _T2>;
+
 }
 
+// Making sdbus::Struct implement the tuple-protocol, i.e. be a tuple-like type
 template <size_t _I, typename... _ValueTypes>
 struct std::tuple_element<_I, sdbus::Struct<_ValueTypes...>>
     : std::tuple_element<_I, std::tuple<_ValueTypes...>>
 {};
-
 template <typename... _ValueTypes>
 struct std::tuple_size<sdbus::Struct<_ValueTypes...>>
     : std::tuple_size<std::tuple<_ValueTypes...>>
 {};
 
+/********************************************//**
+ * @name SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT
+ *
+ * A convenient way to extend sdbus-c++ type system with user-defined structs.
+ *
+ * The macro teaches sdbus-c++ to recognize the user-defined struct
+ * as a valid C++ representation of a D-Bus Struct type, and enables
+ * clients to use their struct conveniently instead of the (too
+ * generic and less expressive) `sdbus::Struct<...>` in sdbus-c++ API.
+ *
+ * It also enables to serialize a user-defined struct as an a{sv} dictionary,
+ * and to deserialize an a{sv} dictionary into the user-defined struct.
+ *
+ * The first argument is the struct type name and the remaining arguments
+ * are names of struct members. Members must be of types supported by
+ * sdbus-c++ (or of user-defined types that sdbus-c++ was taught to support).
+ * Members can be other structs (nesting is supported).
+ * The macro must be placed in the global namespace.
+ *
+ * For example, given the user-defined struct `ABC`:
+ *
+ * namespace foo {
+ *     struct ABC
+ *     {
+ *         int number;
+ *         std::string name;
+ *         std::vector<double> data;
+ *     };
+ * }
+ *
+ * one can teach sdbus-c++ about the contents of this struct simply with:
+ *
+ * SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT(foo::ABC, number, name, data);
+ *
+ * Up to 16 struct members are supported by the macro.
+ *
+ ***********************************************/
+#define SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT(STRUCT, ...)                                                                                                           \
+    namespace sdbus {                                                                                                                                   \
+        static_assert(SDBUSCPP_PP_NARG(__VA_ARGS__) <= 16,                                                                                              \
+                     "Not more than 16 struct members are supported, please open an issue if you need more");                                           \
+                                                                                                                                                        \
+        template <>                                                                                                                                     \
+        struct signature_of<STRUCT>                                                                                                                     \
+            : signature_of<sdbus::Struct<SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER_TYPES(STRUCT, __VA_ARGS__)>>                                                            \
+        {};                                                                                                                                             \
+                                                                                                                                                        \
+        inline auto as_dictionary_if_struct(const STRUCT& object)                                                                                       \
+        {                                                                                                                                               \
+            return as_dictionary<STRUCT>(object);                                                                                                       \
+        }                                                                                                                                               \
+                                                                                                                                                        \
+        inline sdbus::Message& operator<<(sdbus::Message& msg, const STRUCT& items)                                                                     \
+        {                                                                                                                                               \
+            return msg << sdbus::Struct{std::forward_as_tuple(SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBERS(items, __VA_ARGS__))};                                            \
+        }                                                                                                                                               \
+                                                                                                                                                        \
+        inline Message& operator<<(Message& msg, const as_dictionary<STRUCT>& s)                                                                        \
+        {                                                                                                                                               \
+            if constexpr (!nested_struct_as_dict_serialization_v<STRUCT>)                                                                               \
+                return msg.serializeDictionary<std::string, Variant>({SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBERS_AS_DICT_ENTRIES(s.m_struct, __VA_ARGS__)});               \
+            else                                                                                                                                        \
+                return msg.serializeDictionary<std::string, Variant>({SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBERS_AS_NESTED_DICT_ENTRIES(s.m_struct, __VA_ARGS__)});        \
+        }                                                                                                                                               \
+                                                                                                                                                        \
+        inline Message& operator>>(Message& msg, STRUCT& s)                                                                                             \
+        {                                                                                                                                               \
+            /* First, try to deserialize as a struct */                                                                                                 \
+            if (msg.peekType().first == signature_of<STRUCT>::type_value)                                                                               \
+            {                                                                                                                                           \
+                Struct sdbusStruct{std::forward_as_tuple(SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBERS(s, __VA_ARGS__))};                                                     \
+                return msg >> sdbusStruct;                                                                                                              \
+            }                                                                                                                                           \
+                                                                                                                                                        \
+            /* Otherwise try to deserialize as a dictionary of strings to variants */                                                                   \
+                                                                                                                                                        \
+            return msg.deserializeDictionary<std::string, Variant>([&s](const auto& dictEntry)                                                          \
+            {                                                                                                                                           \
+                const std::string& key = dictEntry.first; /* Intentionally not using structured bindings */                                             \
+                const Variant& value = dictEntry.second;                                                                                                \
+                                                                                                                                                        \
+                using namespace std::string_literals;                                                                                                   \
+                /* This also handles members which are structs serialized as dict of strings to variants, recursively */                                \
+                SDBUSCPP_FIND_AND_DESERIALIZE_STRUCT_MEMBERS(s, __VA_ARGS__)                                                                            \
+                SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF( strict_dict_as_struct_deserialization_v<STRUCT>                                                                   \
+                                    , ("Failed to deserialize struct from a dictionary: could not find field '"s += key) += "' in struct 'my::Struct'"  \
+                                    , EINVAL );                                                                                                         \
+            });                                                                                                                                         \
+        }                                                                                                                                               \
+    }                                                                                                                                                   \
+    /**/
+
+/********************************************//**
+ * @name SDBUSCPP_ENABLE_RELAXED_DICT2STRUCT_DESERIALIZATION
+ *
+ * Enables relaxed deserialization of an a{sv} dictionary into a user-defined struct STRUCT.
+ *
+ * The default (strict) deserialization mode is that if there are entries in the dictionary
+ * which do not have a corresponding field in the struct, an exception is thrown.
+ * In the relaxed mode, such entries are silently skipped.
+ *
+ * The macro can only be used in combination with SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT macro,
+ * and must be placed before SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT macro.
+ ***********************************************/
+#define SDBUSCPP_ENABLE_RELAXED_DICT2STRUCT_DESERIALIZATION(STRUCT)                                             \
+    template <>                                                                                                 \
+    constexpr auto sdbus::strict_dict_as_struct_deserialization_v<STRUCT> = false;                              \
+    /**/
+
+/********************************************//**
+ * @name SDBUSCPP_ENABLE_NESTED_STRUCT2DICT_SERIALIZATION
+ *
+ * Enables nested serialization of user-defined struct STRUCT as an a{sv} dictionary.
+ *
+ * By default, STRUCT fields which are structs themselves are serialized as D-Bus structs.
+ * This macro tells sdbus-c++ to also serialize nested structs, in a recursive fashion,
+ * as a{sv} dictionaries.
+ *
+ * The macro can only be used in combination with SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT macro,
+ * and must be placed before SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT macro.
+ ***********************************************/
+#define SDBUSCPP_ENABLE_NESTED_STRUCT2DICT_SERIALIZATION(STRUCT)                                                \
+    template <>                                                                                                 \
+    constexpr auto sdbus::nested_struct_as_dict_serialization_v<STRUCT> = true                                  \
+    /**/
+
+/*!
+ * @cond SDBUSCPP_INTERNAL
+ *
+ * Internal helper preprocessor facilities
+ */
+#define SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBERS(STRUCT, ...)                                                                                                                    \
+    SDBUSCPP_PP_CAT(SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_, SDBUSCPP_PP_NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER, SDBUSCPP_PP_COMMA, STRUCT, __VA_ARGS__)                          \
+    /**/
+#define SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER(STRUCT, MEMBER) STRUCT.MEMBER
+
+#define SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER_TYPES(STRUCT, ...)                                                                                                               \
+    SDBUSCPP_PP_CAT(SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_, SDBUSCPP_PP_NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER_TYPE, SDBUSCPP_PP_COMMA, STRUCT, __VA_ARGS__)                     \
+    /**/
+#define SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER_TYPE(STRUCT, MEMBER) decltype(STRUCT::MEMBER)
+
+#define SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBERS_AS_DICT_ENTRIES(STRUCT, ...)                                                                                                    \
+    SDBUSCPP_PP_CAT(SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_, SDBUSCPP_PP_NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER_AS_DICT_ENTRY, SDBUSCPP_PP_COMMA, STRUCT, __VA_ARGS__)            \
+    /**/
+#define SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER_AS_DICT_ENTRY(STRUCT, MEMBER) {#MEMBER, Variant{STRUCT.MEMBER}}
+
+#define SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBERS_AS_NESTED_DICT_ENTRIES(STRUCT, ...)                                                                                             \
+    SDBUSCPP_PP_CAT(SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_, SDBUSCPP_PP_NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER_AS_NESTED_DICT_ENTRY, SDBUSCPP_PP_COMMA, STRUCT, __VA_ARGS__)     \
+    /**/
+#define SDBUSCPP_STRUCT_MEMBER_AS_NESTED_DICT_ENTRY(STRUCT, MEMBER) {#MEMBER, Variant{as_dictionary_if_struct(STRUCT.MEMBER)}}
+
+#define SDBUSCPP_FIND_AND_DESERIALIZE_STRUCT_MEMBERS(STRUCT, ...)                                                                                               \
+    SDBUSCPP_PP_CAT(SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_, SDBUSCPP_PP_NARG(__VA_ARGS__))(SDBUSCPP_FIND_AND_DESERIALIZE_STRUCT_MEMBER, SDBUSCPP_PP_SPACE, STRUCT, __VA_ARGS__)     \
+    /**/
+#define SDBUSCPP_FIND_AND_DESERIALIZE_STRUCT_MEMBER(STRUCT, MEMBER) if (key == #MEMBER) STRUCT.MEMBER = value.get<decltype(STRUCT.MEMBER)>(); else
+
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_1(M, D, S, M1) M(S, M1)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_2(M, D, S, M1, M2) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_3(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_4(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_5(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_6(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_7(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_8(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7) D M(S, M8)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_9(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7) D M(S, M8) D M(S, M9)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_10(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7) D M(S, M8) D M(S, M9) D M(S, M10)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_11(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7) D M(S, M8) D M(S, M9) D M(S, M10) D M(S, M11)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_12(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7) D M(S, M8) D M(S, M9) D M(S, M10) D M(S, M11) D M(S, M12)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_13(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7) D M(S, M8) D M(S, M9) D M(S, M10) D M(S, M11) D M(S, M12) D M(S, M13)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_14(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13, M14) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7) D M(S, M8) D M(S, M9) D M(S, M10) D M(S, M11) D M(S, M12) D M(S, M13) D M(S, M14)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_15(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13, M14, M15) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7) D M(S, M8) D M(S, M9) D M(S, M10) D M(S, M11) D M(S, M12) D M(S, M13) D M(S, M14) D M(S, M15)
+#define SDBUSCPP_FOR_EACH_16(M, D, S, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M9, M10, M11, M12, M13, M14, M15, M16) M(S, M1) D M(S, M2) D M(S, M3) D M(S, M4) D M(S, M5) D M(S, M6) D M(S, M7) D M(S, M8) D M(S, M9) D M(S, M10) D M(S, M11) D M(S, M12) D M(S, M13) D M(S, M14) D M(S, M15) D M(S, M16)
+
+#define SDBUSCPP_PP_CAT(X, Y) SDBUSCPP_PP_CAT_IMPL(X, Y)
+#define SDBUSCPP_PP_CAT_IMPL(X, Y) X##Y
+#define SDBUSCPP_PP_NARG(...) SDBUSCPP_PP_NARG_IMPL(__VA_ARGS__, 32, 31, 30, 29, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0)
+#define SDBUSCPP_PP_NARG_IMPL(_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6, _7, _8, _9, _10, _11, _12, _13, _14, _15, _16, _17, _18, _19, _20, _21, _22, _23, _24, _25, _26, _27, _28, _29, _30, _31, _32, _N, ...) _N
+
+#define SDBUSCPP_PP_COMMA ,
+#define SDBUSCPP_PP_SPACE
+
 #endif /* SDBUS_CXX_TYPES_H_ */

include/sdbus-c++/VTableItems.h

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/**
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ *
+ * @file VTableItems.h
+ *
+ * Created on: Dec 14, 2023
+ * Project: sdbus-c++
+ * Description: High-level D-Bus IPC C++ library based on sd-bus
+ *
+ * This file is part of sdbus-c++.
+ *
+ * sdbus-c++ is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * sdbus-c++ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with sdbus-c++. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SDBUS_CXX_VTABLEITEMS_H_
+#define SDBUS_CXX_VTABLEITEMS_H_
+
+#include <sdbus-c++/Flags.h>
+#include <sdbus-c++/Types.h>
+#include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace sdbus {
+
+    struct MethodVTableItem
+    {
+        template <typename _Function> MethodVTableItem& implementedAs(_Function&& callback);
+        MethodVTableItem& withInputParamNames(std::vector<std::string> names);
+        template <typename... _String> MethodVTableItem& withInputParamNames(_String... names);
+        MethodVTableItem& withOutputParamNames(std::vector<std::string> names);
+        template <typename... _String> MethodVTableItem& withOutputParamNames(_String... names);
+        MethodVTableItem& markAsDeprecated();
+        MethodVTableItem& markAsPrivileged();
+        MethodVTableItem& withNoReply();
+
+        MethodName name;
+        Signature inputSignature;
+        std::vector<std::string> inputParamNames;
+        Signature outputSignature;
+        std::vector<std::string> outputParamNames;
+        method_callback callbackHandler;
+        Flags flags;
+    };
+
+    MethodVTableItem registerMethod(MethodName methodName);
+    MethodVTableItem registerMethod(std::string methodName);
+
+    struct SignalVTableItem
+    {
+        template <typename... _Args> SignalVTableItem& withParameters();
+        template <typename... _Args> SignalVTableItem& withParameters(std::vector<std::string> names);
+        template <typename... _Args, typename... _String> SignalVTableItem& withParameters(_String... names);
+        SignalVTableItem& markAsDeprecated();
+
+        SignalName name;
+        Signature signature;
+        std::vector<std::string> paramNames;
+        Flags flags;
+    };
+
+    SignalVTableItem registerSignal(SignalName signalName);
+    SignalVTableItem registerSignal(std::string signalName);
+
+    struct PropertyVTableItem
+    {
+        template <typename _Function> PropertyVTableItem& withGetter(_Function&& callback);
+        template <typename _Function> PropertyVTableItem& withSetter(_Function&& callback);
+        PropertyVTableItem& markAsDeprecated();
+        PropertyVTableItem& markAsPrivileged();
+        PropertyVTableItem& withUpdateBehavior(Flags::PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags behavior);
+
+        PropertyName name;
+        Signature signature;
+        property_get_callback getter;
+        property_set_callback setter;
+        Flags flags;
+    };
+
+    PropertyVTableItem registerProperty(PropertyName propertyName);
+    PropertyVTableItem registerProperty(std::string propertyName);
+
+    struct InterfaceFlagsVTableItem
+    {
+        InterfaceFlagsVTableItem& markAsDeprecated();
+        InterfaceFlagsVTableItem& markAsPrivileged();
+        InterfaceFlagsVTableItem& withNoReplyMethods();
+        InterfaceFlagsVTableItem& withPropertyUpdateBehavior(Flags::PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags behavior);
+
+        Flags flags;
+    };
+
+    InterfaceFlagsVTableItem setInterfaceFlags();
+
+    using VTableItem = std::variant<MethodVTableItem, SignalVTableItem, PropertyVTableItem, InterfaceFlagsVTableItem>;
+
+} // namespace sdbus
+
+#endif /* SDBUS_CXX_VTABLEITEMS_H_ */

include/sdbus-c++/VTableItems.inl

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+/**
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ *
+ * @file VTableItems.inl
+ *
+ * Created on: Dec 14, 2023
+ * Project: sdbus-c++
+ * Description: High-level D-Bus IPC C++ library based on sd-bus
+ *
+ * This file is part of sdbus-c++.
+ *
+ * sdbus-c++ is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * sdbus-c++ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with sdbus-c++. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SDBUS_CPP_VTABLEITEMS_INL_
+#define SDBUS_CPP_VTABLEITEMS_INL_
+
+#include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
+#include <sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace sdbus {
+
+    /*** -------------------- ***/
+    /***  Method VTable Item  ***/
+    /*** -------------------- ***/
+
+    template <typename _Function>
+    MethodVTableItem& MethodVTableItem::implementedAs(_Function&& callback)
+    {
+        inputSignature = signature_of_function_input_arguments_v<_Function>;
+        outputSignature = signature_of_function_output_arguments_v<_Function>;
+        callbackHandler = [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](MethodCall call)
+        {
+            // Create a tuple of callback input arguments' types, which will be used
+            // as a storage for the argument values deserialized from the message.
+            tuple_of_function_input_arg_types_t<_Function> inputArgs;
+
+            // Deserialize input arguments from the message into the tuple.
+            call >> inputArgs;
+
+            if constexpr (!is_async_method_v<_Function>)
+            {
+                // Invoke callback with input arguments from the tuple.
+                auto ret = sdbus::apply(callback, inputArgs);
+
+                // Store output arguments to the reply message and send it back.
+                auto reply = call.createReply();
+                reply << ret;
+                reply.send();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Invoke callback with input arguments from the tuple and with result object to be set later
+                using AsyncResult = typename function_traits<_Function>::async_result_t;
+                sdbus::apply(callback, AsyncResult{std::move(call)}, std::move(inputArgs));
+            }
+        };
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline MethodVTableItem& MethodVTableItem::withInputParamNames(std::vector<std::string> names)
+    {
+        inputParamNames = std::move(names);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename... _String>
+    inline MethodVTableItem& MethodVTableItem::withInputParamNames(_String... names)
+    {
+        static_assert(std::conjunction_v<std::is_convertible<_String, std::string>...>, "Parameter names must be (convertible to) strings");
+
+        return withInputParamNames({names...});
+    }
+
+    inline MethodVTableItem& MethodVTableItem::withOutputParamNames(std::vector<std::string> names)
+    {
+        outputParamNames = std::move(names);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename... _String>
+    inline MethodVTableItem& MethodVTableItem::withOutputParamNames(_String... names)
+    {
+        static_assert(std::conjunction_v<std::is_convertible<_String, std::string>...>, "Parameter names must be (convertible to) strings");
+
+        return withOutputParamNames({names...});
+    }
+
+    inline MethodVTableItem& MethodVTableItem::markAsDeprecated()
+    {
+        flags.set(Flags::DEPRECATED);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline MethodVTableItem& MethodVTableItem::markAsPrivileged()
+    {
+        flags.set(Flags::PRIVILEGED);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline MethodVTableItem& MethodVTableItem::withNoReply()
+    {
+        flags.set(Flags::METHOD_NO_REPLY);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline MethodVTableItem registerMethod(MethodName methodName)
+    {
+        return {std::move(methodName), {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}};
+    }
+
+    inline MethodVTableItem registerMethod(std::string methodName)
+    {
+        return registerMethod(MethodName{std::move(methodName)});
+    }
+
+    /*** -------------------- ***/
+    /***  Signal VTable Item  ***/
+    /*** -------------------- ***/
+
+    template <typename... _Args>
+    inline SignalVTableItem& SignalVTableItem::withParameters()
+    {
+        signature = signature_of_function_input_arguments_v<void(_Args...)>;
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename... _Args>
+    inline SignalVTableItem& SignalVTableItem::withParameters(std::vector<std::string> names)
+    {
+        paramNames = std::move(names);
+
+        return withParameters<_Args...>();
+    }
+
+    template <typename... _Args, typename... _String>
+    inline SignalVTableItem& SignalVTableItem::withParameters(_String... names)
+    {
+        static_assert(std::conjunction_v<std::is_convertible<_String, std::string>...>, "Parameter names must be (convertible to) strings");
+        static_assert(sizeof...(_Args) == sizeof...(_String), "Numbers of signal parameters and their names don't match");
+
+        return withParameters<_Args...>({names...});
+    }
+
+    inline SignalVTableItem& SignalVTableItem::markAsDeprecated()
+    {
+        flags.set(Flags::DEPRECATED);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline SignalVTableItem registerSignal(SignalName signalName)
+    {
+        return {std::move(signalName), {}, {}, {}};
+    }
+
+    inline SignalVTableItem registerSignal(std::string signalName)
+    {
+        return registerSignal(SignalName{std::move(signalName)});
+    }
+
+    /*** -------------------- ***/
+    /*** Property VTable Item ***/
+    /*** -------------------- ***/
+
+    template <typename _Function>
+    inline PropertyVTableItem& PropertyVTableItem::withGetter(_Function&& callback)
+    {
+        static_assert(function_argument_count_v<_Function> == 0, "Property getter function must not take any arguments");
+        static_assert(!std::is_void<function_result_t<_Function>>::value, "Property getter function must return property value");
+
+        if (signature.empty())
+            signature = signature_of_function_output_arguments_v<_Function>;
+
+        getter = [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](PropertyGetReply& reply)
+        {
+            // Get the propety value and serialize it into the pre-constructed reply message
+            reply << callback();
+        };
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <typename _Function>
+    inline PropertyVTableItem& PropertyVTableItem::withSetter(_Function&& callback)
+    {
+        static_assert(function_argument_count_v<_Function> == 1, "Property setter function must take one parameter - the property value");
+        static_assert(std::is_void<function_result_t<_Function>>::value, "Property setter function must not return any value");
+
+        if (signature.empty())
+            signature = signature_of_function_input_arguments_v<_Function>;
+
+        setter = [callback = std::forward<_Function>(callback)](PropertySetCall call)
+        {
+            // Default-construct property value
+            using property_type = function_argument_t<_Function, 0>;
+            std::decay_t<property_type> property;
+
+            // Deserialize property value from the incoming call message
+            call >> property;
+
+            // Invoke setter with the value
+            callback(property);
+        };
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline PropertyVTableItem& PropertyVTableItem::markAsDeprecated()
+    {
+        flags.set(Flags::DEPRECATED);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline PropertyVTableItem& PropertyVTableItem::markAsPrivileged()
+    {
+        flags.set(Flags::PRIVILEGED);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline PropertyVTableItem& PropertyVTableItem::withUpdateBehavior(Flags::PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags behavior)
+    {
+        flags.set(behavior);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline PropertyVTableItem registerProperty(PropertyName propertyName)
+    {
+        return {std::move(propertyName), {}, {}, {}, {}};
+    }
+
+    inline PropertyVTableItem registerProperty(std::string propertyName)
+    {
+        return registerProperty(PropertyName{std::move(propertyName)});
+    }
+
+    /*** --------------------------- ***/
+    /*** Interface Flags VTable Item ***/
+    /*** --------------------------- ***/
+
+    inline InterfaceFlagsVTableItem& InterfaceFlagsVTableItem::markAsDeprecated()
+    {
+        flags.set(Flags::DEPRECATED);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline InterfaceFlagsVTableItem& InterfaceFlagsVTableItem::markAsPrivileged()
+    {
+        flags.set(Flags::PRIVILEGED);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline InterfaceFlagsVTableItem& InterfaceFlagsVTableItem::withNoReplyMethods()
+    {
+        flags.set(Flags::METHOD_NO_REPLY);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline InterfaceFlagsVTableItem& InterfaceFlagsVTableItem::withPropertyUpdateBehavior(Flags::PropertyUpdateBehaviorFlags behavior)
+    {
+        flags.set(behavior);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    inline InterfaceFlagsVTableItem setInterfaceFlags()
+    {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+} // namespace sdbus
+
+#endif /* SDBUS_CPP_VTABLEITEMS_INL_ */

include/sdbus-c++/sdbus-c++.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file sdbus-c++.h
  *

pkgconfig/sdbus-c++.pc.in

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ includedir=@CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_INCLUDEDIR@
 
 Name: @PROJECT_NAME@
 Description: C++ library on top of sd-bus, a systemd D-Bus library
-Requires@PKGCONFIG_REQS@: @LIBSYSTEMD@
+Requires@PKGCONFIG_REQS@: @PKGCONFIG_DEPS@
 Version: @SDBUSCPP_VERSION@
 Libs: -L${libdir} -l@PROJECT_NAME@
 Cflags: -I${includedir}

src/Connection.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Connection.h
  *
@@ -27,18 +27,32 @@
 #ifndef SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_CONNECTION_H_
 #define SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_CONNECTION_H_
 
-#include <sdbus-c++/IConnection.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Message.h>
+#include "sdbus-c++/IConnection.h"
+
+#include "sdbus-c++/Message.h"
+
 #include "IConnection.h"
-#include "ScopeGuard.h"
 #include "ISdBus.h"
-#include SDBUS_HEADER
+#include "ScopeGuard.h"
+
 #include <memory>
-#include <thread>
 #include <string>
+#include SDBUS_HEADER
+#include <thread>
 #include <vector>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <mutex>
+
+// Forward declarations
+struct sd_event_source;
+namespace sdbus {
+    class ObjectPath;
+    class InterfaceName;
+    class BusName;
+    using ServiceName = BusName;
+    class MemberName;
+    using MethodName = MemberName;
+    using SignalName = MemberName;
+    using PropertyName = MemberName;
+}
 
 namespace sdbus::internal {
 
@@ -78,60 +92,90 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
         Connection(std::unique_ptr<ISdBus>&& interface, pseudo_bus_t);
         ~Connection() override;
 
-        void requestName(const std::string& name) override;
-        void releaseName(const std::string& name) override;
-        std::string getUniqueName() const override;
+        void requestName(const ServiceName & name) override;
+        void releaseName(const ServiceName& name) override;
+        [[nodiscard]] BusName getUniqueName() const override;
         void enterEventLoop() override;
         void enterEventLoopAsync() override;
         void leaveEventLoop() override;
-        PollData getEventLoopPollData() const override;
-        bool processPendingRequest() override;
+        [[nodiscard]] PollData getEventLoopPollData() const override;
+        bool processPendingEvent() override;
+        Message getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const override;
 
-        void addObjectManager(const std::string& objectPath) override;
-        void addObjectManager(const std::string& objectPath, floating_slot_t) override;
-        Slot addObjectManager(const std::string& objectPath, request_slot_t) override;
+        void addObjectManager(const ObjectPath& objectPath) override;
+        Slot addObjectManager(const ObjectPath& objectPath, return_slot_t) override;
 
         void setMethodCallTimeout(uint64_t timeout) override;
-        uint64_t getMethodCallTimeout() const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] uint64_t getMethodCallTimeout() const override;
 
-        [[nodiscard]] Slot addMatch(const std::string& match, message_handler callback) override;
-        void addMatch(const std::string& match, message_handler callback, floating_slot_t) override;
+        void addMatch(const std::string& match, message_handler callback) override;
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot addMatch(const std::string& match, message_handler callback, return_slot_t) override;
+        void addMatchAsync(const std::string& match, message_handler callback, message_handler installCallback) override;
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot addMatchAsync( const std::string& match
+                                        , message_handler callback
+                                        , message_handler installCallback
+                                        , return_slot_t ) override;
 
-        const ISdBus& getSdBusInterface() const override;
-        ISdBus& getSdBusInterface() override;
+        void attachSdEventLoop(sd_event *event, int priority) override;
+        void detachSdEventLoop() override;
+        sd_event *getSdEventLoop() override;
 
-        Slot addObjectVTable( const std::string& objectPath
-                            , const std::string& interfaceName
+        Slot addObjectVTable( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                            , const InterfaceName& interfaceName
                             , const sd_bus_vtable* vtable
-                            , void* userData ) override;
+                            , void* userData
+                            , return_slot_t ) override;
 
-        PlainMessage createPlainMessage() const override;
-        MethodCall createMethodCall( const std::string& destination
-                                   , const std::string& objectPath
-                                   , const std::string& interfaceName
-                                   , const std::string& methodName ) const override;
-        Signal createSignal( const std::string& objectPath
-                           , const std::string& interfaceName
-                           , const std::string& signalName ) const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] PlainMessage createPlainMessage() const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] MethodCall createMethodCall( const ServiceName& destination
+                                                 , const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                 , const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                                 , const MethodName& methodName ) const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] MethodCall createMethodCall( const char* destination
+                                                 , const char* objectPath
+                                                 , const char* interfaceName
+                                                 , const char* methodName ) const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] Signal createSignal( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                         , const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                         , const SignalName& signalName ) const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] Signal createSignal( const char* objectPath
+                                         , const char* interfaceName
+                                         , const char* signalName ) const override;
 
-        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal( const std::string& objectPath
-                                        , const std::string& interfaceName
-                                        , const std::vector<std::string>& propNames ) override;
-        void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::string& objectPath) override;
-        void emitInterfacesAddedSignal( const std::string& objectPath
-                                      , const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces ) override;
-        void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::string& objectPath) override;
-        void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal( const std::string& objectPath
-                                        , const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces ) override;
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                        , const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                        , const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames ) override;
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal( const char* objectPath
+                                        , const char* interfaceName
+                                        , const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames ) override;
+        void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const ObjectPath& objectPath) override;
+        void emitInterfacesAddedSignal( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                      , const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces ) override;
+        void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const ObjectPath& objectPath) override;
+        void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                        , const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces ) override;
 
-        Slot registerSignalHandler( const std::string& sender
-                                  , const std::string& objectPath
-                                  , const std::string& interfaceName
-                                  , const std::string& signalName
+        Slot registerSignalHandler( const char* sender
+                                  , const char* objectPath
+                                  , const char* interfaceName
+                                  , const char* signalName
                                   , sd_bus_message_handler_t callback
-                                  , void* userData ) override;
+                                  , void* userData
+                                  , return_slot_t ) override;
 
-        MethodReply tryCallMethodSynchronously(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout) override;
+        sd_bus_message* incrementMessageRefCount(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg) override;
+        sd_bus_message* decrementMessageRefCount(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg) override;
+
+        int querySenderCredentials(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg, uint64_t mask, sd_bus_creds **creds) override;
+        sd_bus_creds* incrementCredsRefCount(sd_bus_creds* creds) override;
+        sd_bus_creds* decrementCredsRefCount(sd_bus_creds* creds) override;
+
+        sd_bus_message* callMethod(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg, uint64_t timeout) override;
+        Slot callMethodAsync(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void* userData, uint64_t timeout, return_slot_t) override;
+        void sendMessage(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg) override;
+
+        sd_bus_message* createMethodReply(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg) override;
+        sd_bus_message* createErrorReplyMessage(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg, const Error& error) override;
 
     private:
         using BusFactory = std::function<int(sd_bus**)>;
@@ -141,44 +185,70 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
         BusPtr openBus(const std::function<int(sd_bus**)>& busFactory);
         BusPtr openPseudoBus();
         void finishHandshake(sd_bus* bus);
-        bool waitForNextRequest();
-        static std::string composeSignalMatchFilter( const std::string &sender
-                                                   , const std::string &objectPath
-                                                   , const std::string &interfaceName
-                                                   , const std::string &signalName);
-        void notifyEventLoop(int fd) const;
-        void notifyEventLoopToExit() const;
-        void clearEventLoopNotification(int fd) const;
-        void notifyEventLoopNewTimeout() const override;
+        bool waitForNextEvent();
+
+        [[nodiscard]] bool arePendingMessagesInQueues() const;
+
+        void notifyEventLoopToExit();
+        void notifyEventLoopToWakeUpFromPoll();
+        void wakeUpEventLoopIfMessagesInQueue();
+        void joinWithEventLoop();
+
+        template <typename StringBasedType>
+        static std::vector</*const */char*> to_strv(const std::vector<StringBasedType>& strings);
+
+        static int sdbus_match_callback(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error *retError);
+        static int sdbus_match_install_callback(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error *retError);
 
     private:
-        void joinWithEventLoop();
-        static std::vector</*const */char*> to_strv(const std::vector<std::string>& strings);
+#ifndef SDBUS_basu // sd_event integration is not supported if instead of libsystemd we are based on basu
+        static Slot createSdEventSlot(sd_event *event);
+        Slot createSdTimeEventSourceSlot(sd_event *event, int priority);
+        Slot createSdIoEventSourceSlot(sd_event *event, int fd, int priority);
+        Slot createSdInternalEventSourceSlot(sd_event *event, int fd, int priority);
+        static void deleteSdEventSource(sd_event_source *source);
+
+        static int onSdTimerEvent(sd_event_source *source, uint64_t usec, void *userdata);
+        static int onSdIoEvent(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata);
+        static int onSdInternalEvent(sd_event_source *source, int fd, uint32_t revents, void *userdata);
+        static int onSdEventPrepare(sd_event_source *source, void *userdata);
+#endif
 
         struct EventFd
         {
             EventFd();
             ~EventFd();
+            void notify() const;
+            bool clear() const;
+
             int fd{-1};
         };
 
         struct MatchInfo
         {
             message_handler callback;
+            message_handler installCallback;
             Connection& connection;
-            sd_bus_slot *slot;
+            Slot slot;
+        };
+
+        // sd-event integration
+        struct SdEvent
+        {
+            Slot sdEvent;
+            Slot sdTimeEventSource;
+            Slot sdIoEventSource;
+            Slot sdInternalEventSource;
         };
 
     private:
-        std::unique_ptr<ISdBus> iface_;
+        std::unique_ptr<ISdBus> sdbus_;
         BusPtr bus_;
         std::thread asyncLoopThread_;
-        std::atomic<std::thread::id> loopThreadId_;
-        std::mutex loopMutex_;
-        EventFd loopExitFd_;
-        EventFd eventFd_;
-        std::atomic<uint64_t> activeTimeout_{};
+        EventFd loopExitFd_; // To wake up event loop I/O polling to exit
+        EventFd eventFd_; // To wake up event loop I/O polling to re-enter poll with fresh PollData values
         std::vector<Slot> floatingMatchRules_;
+        std::unique_ptr<SdEvent> sdEvent_; // Integration of systemd sd-event event loop implementation
     };
 
 }

src/Error.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Error.cpp
  *
@@ -24,20 +24,26 @@
  * along with sdbus-c++. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-#include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
-#include SDBUS_HEADER
+#include "sdbus-c++/Error.h"
+
 #include "ScopeGuard.h"
 
+#include SDBUS_HEADER
+
 namespace sdbus
 {
-    sdbus::Error createError(int errNo, const std::string& customMsg)
+    sdbus::Error createError(int errNo, std::string customMsg)
     {
         sd_bus_error sdbusError = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
         sd_bus_error_set_errno(&sdbusError, errNo);
         SCOPE_EXIT{ sd_bus_error_free(&sdbusError); };
 
-        std::string name(sdbusError.name);
-        std::string message(customMsg + " (" + sdbusError.message + ")");
-        return sdbus::Error(name, message);
+        Error::Name name(sdbusError.name);
+        std::string message(std::move(customMsg));
+        message.append(" (");
+        message.append(sdbusError.message);
+        message.append(")");
+
+        return {std::move(name), std::move(message)};
     }
-}
+} // namespace sdbus

src/Flags.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Flags.cpp
  *
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ namespace sdbus
     {
         uint64_t sdbusFlags{};
 
-        using namespace sdbus;
         if (flags_.test(Flags::DEPRECATED))
             sdbusFlags |= SD_BUS_VTABLE_DEPRECATED;
         if (!flags_.test(Flags::PRIVILEGED))
@@ -55,7 +54,6 @@ namespace sdbus
     {
         uint64_t sdbusFlags{};
 
-        using namespace sdbus;
         if (flags_.test(Flags::DEPRECATED))
             sdbusFlags |= SD_BUS_VTABLE_DEPRECATED;
         if (!flags_.test(Flags::PRIVILEGED))
@@ -70,7 +68,6 @@ namespace sdbus
     {
         uint64_t sdbusFlags{};
 
-        using namespace sdbus;
         if (flags_.test(Flags::DEPRECATED))
             sdbusFlags |= SD_BUS_VTABLE_DEPRECATED;
 
@@ -81,7 +78,6 @@ namespace sdbus
     {
         uint64_t sdbusFlags{};
 
-        using namespace sdbus;
         if (flags_.test(Flags::DEPRECATED))
             sdbusFlags |= SD_BUS_VTABLE_DEPRECATED;
         //if (!flags_.test(Flags::PRIVILEGED))
@@ -103,10 +99,9 @@ namespace sdbus
     {
         auto sdbusFlags = toSdBusPropertyFlags();
 
-        using namespace sdbus;
         if (!flags_.test(Flags::PRIVILEGED))
             sdbusFlags |= SD_BUS_VTABLE_UNPRIVILEGED;
 
         return sdbusFlags;
     }
-}
+} // namespace sdbus

src/IConnection.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file IConnection.h
  *
@@ -27,19 +27,31 @@
 #ifndef SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_ICONNECTION_H_
 #define SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_ICONNECTION_H_
 
-#include <sdbus-c++/IConnection.h>
-#include SDBUS_HEADER
-#include <string>
-#include <memory>
+#include "sdbus-c++/IConnection.h"
+
+#include "sdbus-c++/TypeTraits.h"
+
 #include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include SDBUS_HEADER
 #include <vector>
 
-// Forward declaration
+// Forward declarations
 namespace sdbus {
     class MethodCall;
     class MethodReply;
     class Signal;
     class PlainMessage;
+    class ObjectPath;
+    class InterfaceName;
+    class BusName;
+    using ServiceName = BusName;
+    class MemberName;
+    using MethodName = MemberName;
+    using SignalName = MemberName;
+    using PropertyName = MemberName;
+    class Error;
     namespace internal {
         class ISdBus;
     }
@@ -53,48 +65,69 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
     public:
         ~IConnection() override = default;
 
-        virtual const ISdBus& getSdBusInterface() const = 0;
-        virtual ISdBus& getSdBusInterface() = 0;
-
-        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot addObjectVTable( const std::string& objectPath
-                                                  , const std::string& interfaceName
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot addObjectVTable( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                  , const InterfaceName& interfaceName
                                                   , const sd_bus_vtable* vtable
-                                                  , void* userData ) = 0;
+                                                  , void* userData
+                                                  , return_slot_t ) = 0;
 
-        virtual PlainMessage createPlainMessage() const = 0;
-        virtual MethodCall createMethodCall( const std::string& destination
-                                           , const std::string& objectPath
-                                           , const std::string& interfaceName
-                                           , const std::string& methodName ) const = 0;
-        virtual Signal createSignal( const std::string& objectPath
-                                   , const std::string& interfaceName
-                                   , const std::string& signalName ) const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual PlainMessage createPlainMessage() const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual MethodCall createMethodCall( const ServiceName& destination
+                                                         , const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                         , const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                                         , const MethodName& methodName ) const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual MethodCall createMethodCall( const char* destination
+                                                         , const char* objectPath
+                                                         , const char* interfaceName
+                                                         , const char* methodName ) const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Signal createSignal( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                 , const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                                 , const SignalName& signalName ) const = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Signal createSignal( const char* objectPath
+                                                 , const char* interfaceName
+                                                 , const char* signalName ) const = 0;
 
-        virtual void emitPropertiesChangedSignal( const std::string& objectPath
-                                                , const std::string& interfaceName
-                                                , const std::vector<std::string>& propNames ) = 0;
-        virtual void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::string& objectPath) = 0;
-        virtual void emitInterfacesAddedSignal( const std::string& objectPath
-                                              , const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces ) = 0;
-        virtual void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::string& objectPath) = 0;
-        virtual void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal( const std::string& objectPath
-                                                , const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces ) = 0;
+        virtual void emitPropertiesChangedSignal( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                , const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                                , const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames ) = 0;
+        virtual void emitPropertiesChangedSignal( const char* objectPath
+                                                , const char* interfaceName
+                                                , const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames ) = 0;
+        virtual void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const ObjectPath& objectPath) = 0;
+        virtual void emitInterfacesAddedSignal( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                              , const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces ) = 0;
+        virtual void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const ObjectPath& objectPath) = 0;
+        virtual void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal( const ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                , const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces ) = 0;
 
-        using sdbus::IConnection::addObjectManager;
-        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot addObjectManager(const std::string& objectPath, request_slot_t) = 0;
-
-        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot registerSignalHandler( const std::string& sender
-                                                        , const std::string& objectPath
-                                                        , const std::string& interfaceName
-                                                        , const std::string& signalName
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot registerSignalHandler( const char* sender
+                                                        , const char* objectPath
+                                                        , const char* interfaceName
+                                                        , const char* signalName
                                                         , sd_bus_message_handler_t callback
-                                                        , void* userData ) = 0;
+                                                        , void* userData
+                                                        , return_slot_t ) = 0;
 
-        virtual void notifyEventLoopNewTimeout() const = 0;
-        virtual MethodReply tryCallMethodSynchronously(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout) = 0;
+        virtual sd_bus_message* incrementMessageRefCount(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg) = 0;
+        virtual sd_bus_message* decrementMessageRefCount(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg) = 0;
+
+        // TODO: Refactor to higher level (Creds class will ownership handling and getters)
+        virtual int querySenderCredentials(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg, uint64_t mask, sd_bus_creds **creds) = 0;
+        virtual sd_bus_creds* incrementCredsRefCount(sd_bus_creds* creds) = 0;
+        virtual sd_bus_creds* decrementCredsRefCount(sd_bus_creds* creds) = 0;
+
+        virtual sd_bus_message* callMethod(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg, uint64_t timeout) = 0;
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual Slot callMethodAsync( sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg
+                                                  , sd_bus_message_handler_t callback
+                                                  , void* userData
+                                                  , uint64_t timeout
+                                                  , return_slot_t ) = 0;
+        virtual void sendMessage(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg) = 0;
+
+        virtual sd_bus_message* createMethodReply(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg) = 0;
+        virtual sd_bus_message* createErrorReplyMessage(sd_bus_message* sdbusMsg, const Error& error) = 0;
     };
 
-    [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection> createConnection();
     [[nodiscard]] std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection> createPseudoConnection();
 
 }

src/ISdBus.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file ISdBus.h
  * @author Ardazishvili Roman (ardazishvili.roman@yandex.ru)
@@ -80,14 +80,17 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
         virtual int sd_bus_add_object_vtable(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *path, const char *interface, const sd_bus_vtable *vtable, void *userdata) = 0;
         virtual int sd_bus_add_object_manager(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *path) = 0;
         virtual int sd_bus_add_match(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *match, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata) = 0;
+        virtual int sd_bus_add_match_async(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *match, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, sd_bus_message_handler_t install_callback, void *userdata) = 0;
+        virtual int sd_bus_match_signal(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **ret, const char *sender, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata) = 0;
         virtual sd_bus_slot* sd_bus_slot_unref(sd_bus_slot *slot) = 0;
 
         virtual int sd_bus_new(sd_bus **ret) = 0;
         virtual int sd_bus_start(sd_bus *bus) = 0;
 
         virtual int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **r) = 0;
+        virtual sd_bus_message* sd_bus_get_current_message(sd_bus *bus) = 0;
         virtual int sd_bus_get_poll_data(sd_bus *bus, PollData* data) = 0;
-
+        virtual int sd_bus_get_n_queued(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t *read, uint64_t* write) = 0;
         virtual int sd_bus_flush(sd_bus *bus) = 0;
         virtual sd_bus *sd_bus_flush_close_unref(sd_bus *bus) = 0;
         virtual sd_bus *sd_bus_close_unref(sd_bus *bus) = 0;
@@ -95,6 +98,7 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
         virtual int sd_bus_message_set_destination(sd_bus_message *m, const char *destination) = 0;
 
         virtual int sd_bus_query_sender_creds(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t mask, sd_bus_creds **c) = 0;
+        virtual sd_bus_creds* sd_bus_creds_ref(sd_bus_creds *c) = 0;
         virtual sd_bus_creds* sd_bus_creds_unref(sd_bus_creds *c) = 0;
 
         virtual int sd_bus_creds_get_pid(sd_bus_creds *c, pid_t *pid) = 0;

src/Message.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Message.cpp
  *
@@ -24,39 +24,43 @@
  * along with sdbus-c++. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-#include <sdbus-c++/Message.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Types.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
-#include "MessageUtils.h"
-#include "ISdBus.h"
+#include "sdbus-c++/Message.h"
+
+#include "sdbus-c++/Error.h"
+#include "sdbus-c++/Types.h"
+
 #include "IConnection.h"
+#include "MessageUtils.h"
 #include "ScopeGuard.h"
-#include SDBUS_HEADER
+
 #include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <tuple> // std::ignore
+#include SDBUS_HEADER
 
 namespace sdbus {
 
-Message::Message(internal::ISdBus* sdbus) noexcept
-    : sdbus_(sdbus)
+Message::Message(internal::IConnection* connection) noexcept
+    : connection_(connection)
 {
-    assert(sdbus_ != nullptr);
+    assert(connection_ != nullptr);
 }
 
-Message::Message(void *msg, internal::ISdBus* sdbus) noexcept
+Message::Message(void *msg, internal::IConnection* connection) noexcept
     : msg_(msg)
-    , sdbus_(sdbus)
+    , connection_(connection)
 {
     assert(msg_ != nullptr);
-    assert(sdbus_ != nullptr);
-    sdbus_->sd_bus_message_ref((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    assert(connection_ != nullptr);
+    connection_->incrementMessageRefCount(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 }
 
-Message::Message(void *msg, internal::ISdBus* sdbus, adopt_message_t) noexcept
+Message::Message(void *msg, internal::IConnection* connection, adopt_message_t) noexcept
     : msg_(msg)
-    , sdbus_(sdbus)
+    , connection_(connection)
 {
     assert(msg_ != nullptr);
-    assert(sdbus_ != nullptr);
+    assert(connection_ != nullptr);
 }
 
 Message::Message(const Message& other) noexcept
@@ -66,14 +70,17 @@ Message::Message(const Message& other) noexcept
 
 Message& Message::operator=(const Message& other) noexcept
 {
+    if (this == &other)
+        return *this;
+
     if (msg_)
-        sdbus_->sd_bus_message_unref((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+        connection_->decrementMessageRefCount(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 
     msg_ = other.msg_;
-    sdbus_ = other.sdbus_;
+    connection_ = other.connection_;
     ok_ = other.ok_;
 
-    sdbus_->sd_bus_message_ref((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    connection_->incrementMessageRefCount(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 
     return *this;
 }
@@ -86,12 +93,12 @@ Message::Message(Message&& other) noexcept
 Message& Message::operator=(Message&& other) noexcept
 {
     if (msg_)
-        sdbus_->sd_bus_message_unref((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+        connection_->decrementMessageRefCount(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 
     msg_ = other.msg_;
     other.msg_ = nullptr;
-    sdbus_ = other.sdbus_;
-    other.sdbus_ = nullptr;
+    connection_ = other.connection_;
+    other.connection_ = nullptr;
     ok_ = other.ok_;
     other.ok_ = true;
 
@@ -101,14 +108,18 @@ Message& Message::operator=(Message&& other) noexcept
 Message::~Message()
 {
     if (msg_)
-        sdbus_->sd_bus_message_unref((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+        connection_->decrementMessageRefCount(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 }
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(bool item)
 {
-    int intItem = item;
+    int intItem = item;  // NOLINT(readability-implicit-bool-conversion)
 
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &intItem);
+    // Direct sd-bus method, bypassing SdBus mutex, are called here, since Message serialization/deserialization,
+    // as well as getter/setter methods are not thread safe by design. Additionally, they are called frequently,
+    // so some overhead is spared. What is thread-safe in Message class is Message constructors, copy/move operations
+    // and the destructor, so the Message instance can be passed from one thread to another safely.
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &intItem);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a bool value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -116,7 +127,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(bool item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(int16_t item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16, &item);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a int16_t value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(int16_t item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(int32_t item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32, &item);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a int32_t value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -132,7 +143,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(int32_t item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(int64_t item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64, &item);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a int64_t value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -140,7 +151,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(int64_t item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(uint8_t item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE, &item);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a byte value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -148,7 +159,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(uint8_t item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(uint16_t item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16, &item);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a uint16_t value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -156,7 +167,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(uint16_t item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(uint32_t item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32, &item);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a uint32_t value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -164,7 +175,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(uint32_t item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(uint64_t item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64, &item);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a uint64_t value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -172,7 +183,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(uint64_t item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(double item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE, &item);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a double value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -180,7 +191,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(double item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(const char* item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, item);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a C-string value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -188,12 +199,23 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(const char* item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(const std::string& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, item.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, item.c_str());
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a string value", -r);
 
     return *this;
 }
 
+Message& Message::operator<<(std::string_view item)
+{
+    char* destPtr{};
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_string_space(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), item.length(), &destPtr);
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a string_view value", -r);
+
+    std::memcpy(destPtr, item.data(), item.length());
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
 Message& Message::operator<<(const Variant &item)
 {
     item.serializeTo(*this);
@@ -203,7 +225,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(const Variant &item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(const ObjectPath &item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, item.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, item.c_str());
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize an ObjectPath value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -211,7 +233,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(const ObjectPath &item)
 
 Message& Message::operator<<(const Signature &item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE, item.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE, item.c_str());
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a Signature value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -220,7 +242,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(const Signature &item)
 Message& Message::operator<<(const UnixFd &item)
 {
     auto fd = item.get();
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD, &fd);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD, &fd);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize a UnixFd value", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -228,7 +250,7 @@ Message& Message::operator<<(const UnixFd &item)
 
 Message& Message::appendArray(char type, const void *ptr, size_t size)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_array((sd_bus_message*)msg_, type, ptr, size);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_append_array(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), type, ptr, size);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to serialize an array", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -236,8 +258,8 @@ Message& Message::appendArray(char type, const void *ptr, size_t size)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(bool& item)
 {
-    int intItem;
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &intItem);
+    int intItem{};
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_BOOLEAN, &intItem);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -250,7 +272,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(bool& item)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(int16_t& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_INT16, &item);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -261,7 +283,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(int16_t& item)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(int32_t& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_INT32, &item);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -272,7 +294,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(int32_t& item)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(int64_t& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_INT64, &item);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -283,7 +305,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(int64_t& item)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(uint8_t& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_BYTE, &item);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -294,7 +316,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(uint8_t& item)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(uint16_t& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT16, &item);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -305,7 +327,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(uint16_t& item)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(uint32_t& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT32, &item);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -316,7 +338,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(uint32_t& item)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(uint64_t& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_UINT64, &item);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -327,7 +349,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(uint64_t& item)
 
 Message& Message::readArray(char type, const void **ptr, size_t *size)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_array((sd_bus_message*)msg_, type, ptr, size);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_array(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), type, ptr, size);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -338,7 +360,7 @@ Message& Message::readArray(char type, const void **ptr, size_t *size)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(double& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_DOUBLE, &item);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -349,7 +371,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(double& item)
 
 Message& Message::operator>>(char*& item)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, &item);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_STRING, &item);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -385,7 +407,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(Variant &item)
 Message& Message::operator>>(ObjectPath &item)
 {
     char* str{};
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &str);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_OBJECT_PATH, &str);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -400,7 +422,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(ObjectPath &item)
 Message& Message::operator>>(Signature &item)
 {
     char* str{};
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE, &str);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE, &str);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -415,7 +437,7 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(Signature &item)
 Message& Message::operator>>(UnixFd &item)
 {
     int fd = -1;
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD, &fd);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_read_basic(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_UNIX_FD, &fd);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -426,10 +448,9 @@ Message& Message::operator>>(UnixFd &item)
     return *this;
 }
 
-
-Message& Message::openContainer(const std::string& signature)
+Message& Message::openContainer(const char* signature)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_open_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, signature.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_open_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, signature);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to open a container", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -437,15 +458,15 @@ Message& Message::openContainer(const std::string& signature)
 
 Message& Message::closeContainer()
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_close_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_close_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to close a container", -r);
 
     return *this;
 }
 
-Message& Message::openDictEntry(const std::string& signature)
+Message& Message::openDictEntry(const char* signature)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_open_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, signature.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_open_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, signature);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to open a dictionary entry", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -453,15 +474,15 @@ Message& Message::openDictEntry(const std::string& signature)
 
 Message& Message::closeDictEntry()
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_close_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_close_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to close a dictionary entry", -r);
 
     return *this;
 }
 
-Message& Message::openVariant(const std::string& signature)
+Message& Message::openVariant(const char* signature)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_open_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, signature.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_open_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, signature);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to open a variant", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -469,15 +490,15 @@ Message& Message::openVariant(const std::string& signature)
 
 Message& Message::closeVariant()
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_close_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_close_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to close a variant", -r);
 
     return *this;
 }
 
-Message& Message::openStruct(const std::string& signature)
+Message& Message::openStruct(const char* signature)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_open_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, signature.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_open_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, signature);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to open a struct", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -485,16 +506,15 @@ Message& Message::openStruct(const std::string& signature)
 
 Message& Message::closeStruct()
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_close_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_close_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to close a struct", -r);
 
     return *this;
 }
 
-
-Message& Message::enterContainer(const std::string& signature)
+Message& Message::enterContainer(const char* signature)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_enter_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, signature.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_ARRAY, signature);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -505,15 +525,15 @@ Message& Message::enterContainer(const std::string& signature)
 
 Message& Message::exitContainer()
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_exit_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to exit a container", -r);
 
     return *this;
 }
 
-Message& Message::enterDictEntry(const std::string& signature)
+Message& Message::enterDictEntry(const char* signature)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_enter_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, signature.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_DICT_ENTRY, signature);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -524,15 +544,15 @@ Message& Message::enterDictEntry(const std::string& signature)
 
 Message& Message::exitDictEntry()
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_exit_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to exit a dictionary entry", -r);
 
     return *this;
 }
 
-Message& Message::enterVariant(const std::string& signature)
+Message& Message::enterVariant(const char* signature)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_enter_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, signature.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_VARIANT, signature);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -543,15 +563,15 @@ Message& Message::enterVariant(const std::string& signature)
 
 Message& Message::exitVariant()
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_exit_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to exit a variant", -r);
 
     return *this;
 }
 
-Message& Message::enterStruct(const std::string& signature)
+Message& Message::enterStruct(const char* signature)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_enter_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_, SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, signature.c_str());
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_enter_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), SD_BUS_TYPE_STRUCT, signature);
     if (r == 0)
         ok_ = false;
 
@@ -562,7 +582,7 @@ Message& Message::enterStruct(const std::string& signature)
 
 Message& Message::exitStruct()
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_exit_container((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_exit_container(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to exit a struct", -r);
 
     return *this;
@@ -581,7 +601,7 @@ void Message::clearFlags()
 
 void Message::copyTo(Message& destination, bool complete) const
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_copy((sd_bus_message*)destination.msg_, (sd_bus_message*)msg_, complete);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_copy(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(destination.msg_), static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), complete); // NOLINT(readability-implicit-bool-conversion)
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to copy the message", -r);
 }
 
@@ -589,81 +609,87 @@ void Message::seal()
 {
     const auto messageCookie = 1;
     const auto sealTimeout = 0;
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_seal((sd_bus_message*)msg_, messageCookie, sealTimeout);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_seal(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), messageCookie, sealTimeout);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to seal the message", -r);
 }
 
 void Message::rewind(bool complete)
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_rewind((sd_bus_message*)msg_, complete);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_rewind(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), complete);  // NOLINT(readability-implicit-bool-conversion)
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to rewind the message", -r);
 }
 
-std::string Message::getInterfaceName() const
+const char* Message::getInterfaceName() const
 {
-    auto interface = sd_bus_message_get_interface((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
-    return interface != nullptr ? interface : "";
+    return sd_bus_message_get_interface(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 }
 
-std::string Message::getMemberName() const
+const char* Message::getMemberName() const
 {
-    auto member = sd_bus_message_get_member((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
-    return member != nullptr ? member : "";
+    return sd_bus_message_get_member(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 }
 
-std::string Message::getSender() const
+const char* Message::getSender() const
 {
-    return sd_bus_message_get_sender((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    return sd_bus_message_get_sender(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 }
 
-std::string Message::getPath() const
+const char* Message::getPath() const
 {
-    auto path = sd_bus_message_get_path((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
-    return path != nullptr ? path : "";
+    return sd_bus_message_get_path(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 }
 
-std::string Message::getDestination() const
+const char* Message::getDestination() const
 {
-    auto destination = sd_bus_message_get_destination((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
-    return destination != nullptr ? destination : "";
+    return sd_bus_message_get_destination(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 }
 
-void Message::peekType(std::string& type, std::string& contents) const
+uint64_t Message::getCookie() const
 {
-    char typeSig;
-    const char* contentsSig;
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_peek_type((sd_bus_message*)msg_, &typeSig, &contentsSig);
+    uint64_t cookie{};
+    auto r =  sd_bus_message_get_cookie(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), &cookie);
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get cookie", -r);
+    return cookie;
+}
+
+std::pair<char, const char*> Message::peekType() const
+{
+    char typeSignature{};
+    const char* contentsSignature{};
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_peek_type(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), &typeSignature, &contentsSignature);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to peek message type", -r);
-    type = typeSig;
-    contents = contentsSig ? contentsSig : "";
+    return {typeSignature, contentsSignature};
 }
 
 bool Message::isValid() const
 {
-    return msg_ != nullptr && sdbus_ != nullptr;
+    return msg_ != nullptr && connection_ != nullptr;
 }
 
 bool Message::isEmpty() const
 {
-    return sd_bus_message_is_empty((sd_bus_message*)msg_) != 0;
+    return sd_bus_message_is_empty(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_)) != 0;
 }
 
 bool Message::isAtEnd(bool complete) const
 {
-    return sd_bus_message_at_end((sd_bus_message*)msg_, complete) > 0;
+    return sd_bus_message_at_end(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), complete) > 0; // NOLINT(readability-implicit-bool-conversion)
 }
 
+// TODO: Create a RAII ownership class for creds with copy&move semantics, doing ref()/unref() under the hood.
+//   Create a method Message::querySenderCreds() that will return an object of this class by value, through IConnection and SdBus mutex.
+//   The class will expose methods like getPid(), getUid(), etc. that will directly call sd_bus_creds_* functions, no need for mutex here.
 pid_t Message::getCredsPid() const
 {
     uint64_t mask = SD_BUS_CREDS_PID | SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT;
     sd_bus_creds *creds = nullptr;
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_unref(creds); };
+    SCOPE_EXIT{ connection_->decrementCredsRefCount(creds); };
 
-    int r = sdbus_->sd_bus_query_sender_creds((sd_bus_message*)msg_, mask, &creds);
+    int r = connection_->querySenderCredentials(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), mask, &creds);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus creds", -r);
 
     pid_t pid = 0;
-    r = sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_get_pid(creds, &pid);
+    r = sd_bus_creds_get_pid(creds, &pid);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus cred pid", -r);
     return pid;
 }
@@ -672,12 +698,12 @@ uid_t Message::getCredsUid() const
 {
     uint64_t mask = SD_BUS_CREDS_UID | SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT;
     sd_bus_creds *creds = nullptr;
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_unref(creds); };
-    int r = sdbus_->sd_bus_query_sender_creds((sd_bus_message*)msg_, mask, &creds);
+    SCOPE_EXIT{ connection_->decrementCredsRefCount(creds); };
+    int r = connection_->querySenderCredentials(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), mask, &creds);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus creds", -r);
 
-    uid_t uid = (uid_t)-1;
-    r = sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_get_uid(creds, &uid);
+    auto uid = static_cast<uid_t>(-1);
+    r = sd_bus_creds_get_uid(creds, &uid);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus cred uid", -r);
     return uid;
 }
@@ -686,12 +712,12 @@ uid_t Message::getCredsEuid() const
 {
     uint64_t mask = SD_BUS_CREDS_EUID | SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT;
     sd_bus_creds *creds = nullptr;
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_unref(creds); };
-    int r = sdbus_->sd_bus_query_sender_creds((sd_bus_message*)msg_, mask, &creds);
+    SCOPE_EXIT{ connection_->decrementCredsRefCount(creds); };
+    int r = connection_->querySenderCredentials(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), mask, &creds);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus creds", -r);
 
-    uid_t euid = (uid_t)-1;
-    r = sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_get_euid(creds, &euid);
+    auto euid = static_cast<uid_t>(-1);
+    r = sd_bus_creds_get_euid(creds, &euid);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus cred euid", -r);
     return euid;
 }
@@ -700,12 +726,12 @@ gid_t Message::getCredsGid() const
 {
     uint64_t mask = SD_BUS_CREDS_GID | SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT;
     sd_bus_creds *creds = nullptr;
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_unref(creds); };
-    int r = sdbus_->sd_bus_query_sender_creds((sd_bus_message*)msg_, mask, &creds);
+    SCOPE_EXIT{ connection_->decrementCredsRefCount(creds); };
+    int r = connection_->querySenderCredentials(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), mask, &creds);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus creds", -r);
 
-    gid_t gid = (gid_t)-1;
-    r = sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_get_gid(creds, &gid);
+    auto gid = static_cast<gid_t>(-1);
+    r = sd_bus_creds_get_gid(creds, &gid);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus cred gid", -r);
     return gid;
 }
@@ -714,12 +740,12 @@ gid_t Message::getCredsEgid() const
 {
     uint64_t mask = SD_BUS_CREDS_EGID | SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT;
     sd_bus_creds *creds = nullptr;
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_unref(creds); };
-    int r = sdbus_->sd_bus_query_sender_creds((sd_bus_message*)msg_, mask, &creds);
+    SCOPE_EXIT{ connection_->decrementCredsRefCount(creds); };
+    int r = connection_->querySenderCredentials(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), mask, &creds);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus creds", -r);
 
-    gid_t egid = (gid_t)-1;
-    r = sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_get_egid(creds, &egid);
+    auto egid = static_cast<gid_t>(-1);
+    r = sd_bus_creds_get_egid(creds, &egid);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus cred egid", -r);
     return egid;
 }
@@ -728,19 +754,19 @@ std::vector<gid_t> Message::getCredsSupplementaryGids() const
 {
     uint64_t mask = SD_BUS_CREDS_SUPPLEMENTARY_GIDS | SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT;
     sd_bus_creds *creds = nullptr;
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_unref(creds); };
-    int r = sdbus_->sd_bus_query_sender_creds((sd_bus_message*)msg_, mask, &creds);
+    SCOPE_EXIT{ connection_->decrementCredsRefCount(creds); };
+    int r = connection_->querySenderCredentials(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), mask, &creds);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus creds", -r);
 
     const gid_t *cGids = nullptr;
-    r = sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_get_supplementary_gids(creds, &cGids);
+    r = sd_bus_creds_get_supplementary_gids(creds, &cGids);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus cred supplementary gids", -r);
 
     std::vector<gid_t> gids{};
     if (cGids != nullptr)
     {
         for (int i = 0; i < r; i++)
-            gids.push_back(cGids[i]);
+            gids.push_back(cGids[i]); // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
     }
 
     return gids;
@@ -750,36 +776,33 @@ std::string Message::getSELinuxContext() const
 {
     uint64_t mask = SD_BUS_CREDS_AUGMENT | SD_BUS_CREDS_SELINUX_CONTEXT;
     sd_bus_creds *creds = nullptr;
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_unref(creds); };
-    int r = sdbus_->sd_bus_query_sender_creds((sd_bus_message*)msg_, mask, &creds);
+    SCOPE_EXIT{ connection_->decrementCredsRefCount(creds); };
+    int r = connection_->querySenderCredentials(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), mask, &creds);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus creds", -r);
 
     const char *cLabel = nullptr;
-    r = sdbus_->sd_bus_creds_get_selinux_context(creds, &cLabel);
+    r = sd_bus_creds_get_selinux_context(creds, &cLabel);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get bus cred selinux context", -r);
     return cLabel;
 }
 
 
 MethodCall::MethodCall( void *msg
-                      , internal::ISdBus *sdbus
-                      , const internal::IConnection *connection
+                      , internal::IConnection *connection
                       , adopt_message_t) noexcept
-   : Message(msg, sdbus, adopt_message)
-   , connection_(connection)
+   : Message(msg, connection, adopt_message)
 {
-    assert(connection_ != nullptr);
 }
 
 void MethodCall::dontExpectReply()
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_set_expect_reply((sd_bus_message*)msg_, 0);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_set_expect_reply(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), 0);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to set the dont-expect-reply flag", -r);
 }
 
 bool MethodCall::doesntExpectReply() const
 {
-    auto r = sd_bus_message_get_expect_reply((sd_bus_message*)msg_);
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_get_expect_reply(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get the dont-expect-reply flag", -r);
     return r == 0;
 }
@@ -788,100 +811,69 @@ MethodReply MethodCall::send(uint64_t timeout) const
 {
     if (!doesntExpectReply())
         return sendWithReply(timeout);
-    else
-        return sendWithNoReply();
+
+    return sendWithNoReply();
 }
 
 MethodReply MethodCall::sendWithReply(uint64_t timeout) const
 {
-    sd_bus_error sdbusError = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ sd_bus_error_free(&sdbusError); };
+    auto* sdbusReply = connection_->callMethod(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), timeout);
 
-    sd_bus_message* sdbusReply{};
-    auto r = sdbus_->sd_bus_call(nullptr, (sd_bus_message*)msg_, timeout, &sdbusError, &sdbusReply);
-
-    if (sd_bus_error_is_set(&sdbusError))
-        throw sdbus::Error(sdbusError.name, sdbusError.message);
-
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to call method", -r);
-
-    return Factory::create<MethodReply>(sdbusReply, sdbus_, adopt_message);
+    return Factory::create<MethodReply>(sdbusReply, connection_, adopt_message);
 }
 
 MethodReply MethodCall::sendWithNoReply() const
 {
-    auto r = sdbus_->sd_bus_send(nullptr, (sd_bus_message*)msg_, nullptr);
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to call method with no reply", -r);
+    connection_->sendMessage(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 
     return Factory::create<MethodReply>(); // No reply
 }
 
-void MethodCall::send(void* callback, void* userData, uint64_t timeout, dont_request_slot_t) const
+Slot MethodCall::send(void* callback, void* userData, uint64_t timeout, return_slot_t) const // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
 {
-    MethodCall::send(callback, userData, timeout, floating_slot);
-}
-
-void MethodCall::send(void* callback, void* userData, uint64_t timeout, floating_slot_t) const
-{
-    auto r = sdbus_->sd_bus_call_async(nullptr, nullptr, (sd_bus_message*)msg_, (sd_bus_message_handler_t)callback, userData, timeout);
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to call method", -r);
-
-    // Force event loop to re-enter polling with the async call timeout if that is less than the one used in current poll
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(connection_ == nullptr, "Invalid use of MethodCall API", ENOTSUP);
-    connection_->notifyEventLoopNewTimeout();
-}
-
-Slot MethodCall::send(void* callback, void* userData, uint64_t timeout) const
-{
-    sd_bus_slot* slot;
-
-    auto r = sdbus_->sd_bus_call_async(nullptr, &slot, (sd_bus_message*)msg_, (sd_bus_message_handler_t)callback, userData, timeout);
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to call method asynchronously", -r);
-
-    // Force event loop to re-enter polling with the async call timeout if that is less than the one used in current poll
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(connection_ == nullptr, "Invalid use of MethodCall API", ENOTSUP);
-    connection_->notifyEventLoopNewTimeout();
-
-    return {slot, [sdbus_ = sdbus_](void *slot){ sdbus_->sd_bus_slot_unref((sd_bus_slot*)slot); }};
+    return connection_->callMethodAsync(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), reinterpret_cast<sd_bus_message_handler_t>(callback), userData, timeout, return_slot);
 }
 
 MethodReply MethodCall::createReply() const
 {
-    sd_bus_message* sdbusReply{};
-    auto r = sdbus_->sd_bus_message_new_method_return((sd_bus_message*)msg_, &sdbusReply);
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to create method reply", -r);
+    auto* sdbusReply = connection_->createMethodReply(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 
-    return Factory::create<MethodReply>(sdbusReply, sdbus_, adopt_message);
+    return Factory::create<MethodReply>(sdbusReply, connection_, adopt_message);
 }
 
 MethodReply MethodCall::createErrorReply(const Error& error) const
 {
-    sd_bus_error sdbusError = SD_BUS_ERROR_NULL;
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ sd_bus_error_free(&sdbusError); };
-    sd_bus_error_set(&sdbusError, error.getName().c_str(), error.getMessage().c_str());
+    sd_bus_message* sdbusErrorReply = connection_->createErrorReplyMessage(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), error);
 
-    sd_bus_message* sdbusErrorReply{};
-    auto r = sdbus_->sd_bus_message_new_method_error((sd_bus_message*)msg_, &sdbusErrorReply, &sdbusError);
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to create method error reply", -r);
-
-    return Factory::create<MethodReply>(sdbusErrorReply, sdbus_, adopt_message);
+    return Factory::create<MethodReply>(sdbusErrorReply, connection_, adopt_message);
 }
 
 void MethodReply::send() const
 {
-    auto r = sdbus_->sd_bus_send(nullptr, (sd_bus_message*)msg_, nullptr);
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to send reply", -r);
+    connection_->sendMessage(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
+}
+
+uint64_t MethodReply::getReplyCookie() const
+{
+    uint64_t cookie{};
+    auto r =  sd_bus_message_get_reply_cookie(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), &cookie);
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to get cookie", -r);
+    return cookie;
 }
 
 void Signal::send() const
 {
-    auto r = sdbus_->sd_bus_send(nullptr, (sd_bus_message*)msg_, nullptr);
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to emit signal", -r);
+    connection_->sendMessage(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_));
 }
 
 void Signal::setDestination(const std::string& destination)
 {
-    auto r = sdbus_->sd_bus_message_set_destination((sd_bus_message*)msg_, destination.c_str());
+    return setDestination(destination.c_str());
+}
+
+void Signal::setDestination(const char* destination)
+{
+    auto r = sd_bus_message_set_destination(static_cast<sd_bus_message*>(msg_), destination);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "Failed to set signal destination", -r);
 }
 
@@ -897,13 +889,17 @@ namespace {
 // Please note that the solution is NOT thread-safe.
 // Another common solution is global sdbus-c++ startup/shutdown functions, but that would be an intrusive change.
 
-/*constinit (C++20 keyword) */ static bool pseudoConnectionDestroyed{};
+#ifdef __cpp_constinit
+constinit bool pseudoConnectionDestroyed{}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+#else
+bool pseudoConnectionDestroyed{}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
+#endif
 
 std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection, void(*)(sdbus::internal::IConnection*)> createPseudoConnection()
 {
     auto deleter = [](sdbus::internal::IConnection* con)
     {
-        delete con;
+        delete con; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
         pseudoConnectionDestroyed = true;
     };
 
@@ -917,7 +913,7 @@ sdbus::internal::IConnection& getPseudoConnectionInstance()
     if (pseudoConnectionDestroyed)
     {
         connection = createPseudoConnection(); // Phoenix rising from the ashes
-        atexit([](){ connection.~unique_ptr(); }); // We have to manually take care of deleting the phoenix
+        std::ignore = atexit([](){ connection.~unique_ptr(); }); // We have to manually take care of deleting the phoenix
         pseudoConnectionDestroyed = false;
     }
 
@@ -926,7 +922,7 @@ sdbus::internal::IConnection& getPseudoConnectionInstance()
     return *connection;
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace
 
 PlainMessage createPlainMessage()
 {
@@ -934,8 +930,8 @@ PlainMessage createPlainMessage()
     // This is a bit of a hack, but it enables use to work with D-Bus message locally without
     // the need of D-Bus daemon. This is especially useful in unit tests of both sdbus-c++ and client code.
     // Additionally, it's light-weight and fast solution.
-    auto& connection = getPseudoConnectionInstance();
+    const auto& connection = getPseudoConnectionInstance();
     return connection.createPlainMessage();
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace sdbus

src/MessageUtils.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file MessageUtils.h
  *
@@ -47,25 +47,17 @@ namespace sdbus
         }
 
         template<typename _Msg>
-        static _Msg create(void *msg, internal::ISdBus* sdbus)
+        static _Msg create(void *msg, internal::IConnection* connection)
         {
-            return _Msg{msg, sdbus};
+            return _Msg{msg, connection};
         }
 
         template<typename _Msg>
-        static _Msg create(void *msg, internal::ISdBus* sdbus, adopt_message_t)
+        static _Msg create(void *msg, internal::IConnection* connection, adopt_message_t)
         {
-            return _Msg{msg, sdbus, adopt_message};
-        }
-
-        template<typename _Msg>
-        static _Msg create(void *msg, internal::ISdBus* sdbus, const internal::IConnection* connection, adopt_message_t)
-        {
-            return _Msg{msg, sdbus, connection, adopt_message};
+            return _Msg{msg, connection, adopt_message};
         }
     };
-
-    PlainMessage createPlainMessage();
 }
 
 #endif /* SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_MESSAGEUTILS_H_ */

src/Object.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Object.cpp
  *
@@ -25,159 +25,74 @@
  */
 
 #include "Object.h"
-#include "MessageUtils.h"
-#include <sdbus-c++/IConnection.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Message.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/MethodResult.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Flags.h>
-#include "ScopeGuard.h"
+
+#include "sdbus-c++/Error.h"
+#include "sdbus-c++/Flags.h"
+#include "sdbus-c++/IConnection.h"
+#include "sdbus-c++/Message.h"
+
 #include "IConnection.h"
+#include "MessageUtils.h"
+#include "ScopeGuard.h"
 #include "Utils.h"
 #include "VTableUtils.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
 #include SDBUS_HEADER
 #include <utility>
-#include <cassert>
 
 namespace sdbus::internal {
 
-Object::Object(sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection, std::string objectPath)
+Object::Object(sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection, ObjectPath objectPath)
     : connection_(connection), objectPath_(std::move(objectPath))
 {
-    SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(objectPath_);
+    SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(objectPath_.c_str());
 }
 
-void Object::registerMethod( const std::string& interfaceName
-                           , std::string methodName
-                           , std::string inputSignature
-                           , std::string outputSignature
-                           , method_callback methodCallback
-                           , Flags flags )
+void Object::addVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable)
 {
-    registerMethod( interfaceName
-                  , std::move(methodName)
-                  , std::move(inputSignature)
-                  , {}
-                  , std::move(outputSignature)
-                  , {}
-                  , std::move(methodCallback)
-                  , std::move(flags) );
+    auto slot = Object::addVTable(std::move(interfaceName), std::move(vtable), return_slot);
+
+    vtables_.push_back(std::move(slot));
 }
 
-void Object::registerMethod( const std::string& interfaceName
-                           , std::string methodName
-                           , std::string inputSignature
-                           , const std::vector<std::string>& inputNames
-                           , std::string outputSignature
-                           , const std::vector<std::string>& outputNames
-                           , method_callback methodCallback
-                           , Flags flags )
+Slot Object::addVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable, return_slot_t)
 {
-    SDBUS_CHECK_INTERFACE_NAME(interfaceName);
-    SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(methodName);
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!methodCallback, "Invalid method callback provided", EINVAL);
+    SDBUS_CHECK_INTERFACE_NAME(interfaceName.c_str());
 
-    auto& interface = getInterface(interfaceName);
-    InterfaceData::MethodData methodData{ std::move(inputSignature)
-                                        , std::move(outputSignature)
-                                        , paramNamesToString(inputNames) + paramNamesToString(outputNames)
-                                        , std::move(methodCallback)
-                                        , std::move(flags) };
-    auto inserted = interface.methods.emplace(std::move(methodName), std::move(methodData)).second;
+    // 1st pass -- create vtable structure for internal sdbus-c++ purposes
+    auto internalVTable = std::make_unique<VTable>(createInternalVTable(std::move(interfaceName), std::move(vtable)));
 
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!inserted, "Failed to register method: method already exists", EINVAL);
-}
+    // 2nd pass -- from internal sdbus-c++ vtable, create vtable structure in format expected by underlying sd-bus library
+    internalVTable->sdbusVTable = createInternalSdBusVTable(*internalVTable);
 
-void Object::registerSignal( const std::string& interfaceName
-                           , std::string signalName
-                           , std::string signature
-                           , Flags flags )
-{
-    registerSignal(interfaceName, std::move(signalName), std::move(signature), {}, std::move(flags));
-}
+    // 3rd step -- register the vtable with sd-bus
+    internalVTable->slot = connection_.addObjectVTable( objectPath_
+                                                      , internalVTable->interfaceName
+                                                      , internalVTable->sdbusVTable.data()
+                                                      , internalVTable.get()
+                                                      , return_slot );
 
-void Object::registerSignal( const std::string& interfaceName
-                           , std::string signalName
-                           , std::string signature
-                           , const std::vector<std::string>& paramNames
-                           , Flags flags )
-{
-    SDBUS_CHECK_INTERFACE_NAME(interfaceName);
-    SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(signalName);
-
-    auto& interface = getInterface(interfaceName);
-
-    InterfaceData::SignalData signalData{std::move(signature), paramNamesToString(paramNames), std::move(flags)};
-    auto inserted = interface.signals.emplace(std::move(signalName), std::move(signalData)).second;
-
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!inserted, "Failed to register signal: signal already exists", EINVAL);
-}
-
-void Object::registerProperty( const std::string& interfaceName
-                             , std::string propertyName
-                             , std::string signature
-                             , property_get_callback getCallback
-                             , Flags flags )
-{
-    registerProperty( interfaceName
-                    , std::move(propertyName)
-                    , std::move(signature)
-                    , std::move(getCallback)
-                    , {}
-                    , std::move(flags) );
-}
-
-void Object::registerProperty( const std::string& interfaceName
-                             , std::string propertyName
-                             , std::string signature
-                             , property_get_callback getCallback
-                             , property_set_callback setCallback
-                             , Flags flags )
-{
-    SDBUS_CHECK_INTERFACE_NAME(interfaceName);
-    SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(propertyName);
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!getCallback && !setCallback, "Invalid property callbacks provided", EINVAL);
-
-    auto& interface = getInterface(interfaceName);
-
-    InterfaceData::PropertyData propertyData{ std::move(signature)
-                                            , std::move(getCallback)
-                                            , std::move(setCallback)
-                                            , std::move(flags) };
-    auto inserted = interface.properties.emplace(std::move(propertyName), std::move(propertyData)).second;
-
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!inserted, "Failed to register property: property already exists", EINVAL);
-}
-
-void Object::setInterfaceFlags(const std::string& interfaceName, Flags flags)
-{
-    auto& interface = getInterface(interfaceName);
-    interface.flags = flags;
-}
-
-void Object::finishRegistration()
-{
-    for (auto& item : interfaces_)
-    {
-        const auto& interfaceName = item.first;
-        auto& interfaceData = item.second;
-
-        const auto& vtable = createInterfaceVTable(interfaceData);
-        activateInterfaceVTable(interfaceName, interfaceData, vtable);
-    }
+    // Return vtable wrapped in a Slot object
+    return {internalVTable.release(), [](void *ptr){ delete static_cast<VTable*>(ptr); }}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
 }
 
 void Object::unregister()
 {
-    interfaces_.clear();
-    removeObjectManager();
+    vtables_.clear();
+    objectManagerSlot_.reset();
 }
 
-sdbus::Signal Object::createSignal(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& signalName)
+Signal Object::createSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const SignalName& signalName) const
 {
     return connection_.createSignal(objectPath_, interfaceName, signalName);
 }
 
+Signal Object::createSignal(const char* interfaceName, const char* signalName) const
+{
+    return connection_.createSignal(objectPath_.c_str(), interfaceName, signalName);
+}
+
 void Object::emitSignal(const sdbus::Signal& message)
 {
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!message.isValid(), "Invalid signal message provided", EINVAL);
@@ -185,12 +100,22 @@ void Object::emitSignal(const sdbus::Signal& message)
     message.send();
 }
 
-void Object::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::vector<std::string>& propNames)
+void Object::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames)
 {
     connection_.emitPropertiesChangedSignal(objectPath_, interfaceName, propNames);
 }
 
-void Object::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const std::string& interfaceName)
+void Object::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const char* interfaceName, const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames)
+{
+    connection_.emitPropertiesChangedSignal(objectPath_.c_str(), interfaceName, propNames);
+}
+
+void Object::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName)
+{
+    Object::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(interfaceName, {});
+}
+
+void Object::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const char* interfaceName)
 {
     Object::emitPropertiesChangedSignal(interfaceName, {});
 }
@@ -200,7 +125,7 @@ void Object::emitInterfacesAddedSignal()
     connection_.emitInterfacesAddedSignal(objectPath_);
 }
 
-void Object::emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces)
+void Object::emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces)
 {
     connection_.emitInterfacesAddedSignal(objectPath_, interfaces);
 }
@@ -210,24 +135,19 @@ void Object::emitInterfacesRemovedSignal()
     connection_.emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(objectPath_);
 }
 
-void Object::emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces)
+void Object::emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces)
 {
     connection_.emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(objectPath_, interfaces);
 }
 
 void Object::addObjectManager()
 {
-    objectManagerSlot_ = connection_.addObjectManager(objectPath_, request_slot);
+    objectManagerSlot_ = connection_.addObjectManager(objectPath_, return_slot);
 }
 
-void Object::removeObjectManager()
+Slot Object::addObjectManager(return_slot_t)
 {
-    objectManagerSlot_.reset();
-}
-
-bool Object::hasObjectManager() const
-{
-    return objectManagerSlot_ != nullptr;
+    return connection_.addObjectManager(objectPath_, return_slot);
 }
 
 sdbus::IConnection& Object::getConnection() const
@@ -235,91 +155,161 @@ sdbus::IConnection& Object::getConnection() const
     return connection_;
 }
 
-const std::string& Object::getObjectPath() const
+const ObjectPath& Object::getObjectPath() const
 {
     return objectPath_;
 }
 
-const Message* Object::getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const
+Message Object::getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const
 {
-    return m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return connection_.getCurrentlyProcessedMessage();
 }
 
-Object::InterfaceData& Object::getInterface(const std::string& interfaceName)
+Object::VTable Object::createInternalVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable)
 {
-    return interfaces_.emplace(interfaceName, *this).first->second;
-}
+    VTable internalVTable;
 
-const std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& Object::createInterfaceVTable(InterfaceData& interfaceData)
-{
-    auto& vtable = interfaceData.vtable;
-    assert(vtable.empty());
+    internalVTable.interfaceName = std::move(interfaceName);
 
-    vtable.push_back(createVTableStartItem(interfaceData.flags.toSdBusInterfaceFlags()));
-    registerMethodsToVTable(interfaceData, vtable);
-    registerSignalsToVTable(interfaceData, vtable);
-    registerPropertiesToVTable(interfaceData, vtable);
-    vtable.push_back(createVTableEndItem());
-
-    return vtable;
-}
-
-void Object::registerMethodsToVTable(const InterfaceData& interfaceData, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable)
-{
-    for (const auto& item : interfaceData.methods)
+    for (auto& vtableItem : vtable)
     {
-        const auto& methodName = item.first;
-        const auto& methodData = item.second;
-
-        vtable.push_back(createVTableMethodItem( methodName.c_str()
-                                               , methodData.inputArgs.c_str()
-                                               , methodData.outputArgs.c_str()
-                                               , methodData.paramNames.c_str()
-                                               , &Object::sdbus_method_callback
-                                               , methodData.flags.toSdBusMethodFlags() ));
+        std::visit( overload{ [&](InterfaceFlagsVTableItem&& interfaceFlags){ writeInterfaceFlagsToVTable(std::move(interfaceFlags), internalVTable); }
+                            , [&](MethodVTableItem&& method){ writeMethodRecordToVTable(std::move(method), internalVTable); }
+                            , [&](SignalVTableItem&& signal){ writeSignalRecordToVTable(std::move(signal), internalVTable); }
+                            , [&](PropertyVTableItem&& property){ writePropertyRecordToVTable(std::move(property), internalVTable); } }
+                  , std::move(vtableItem) );
     }
+
+    // Sort arrays so we can do fast searching for an item in sd-bus callback handlers
+    std::sort(internalVTable.methods.begin(), internalVTable.methods.end(), [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs){ return lhs.name < rhs.name; });
+    std::sort(internalVTable.signals.begin(), internalVTable.signals.end(), [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs){ return lhs.name < rhs.name; });
+    std::sort(internalVTable.properties.begin(), internalVTable.properties.end(), [](const auto& lhs, const auto& rhs){ return lhs.name < rhs.name; });
+
+    internalVTable.object = this;
+
+    return internalVTable;
 }
 
-void Object::registerSignalsToVTable(const InterfaceData& interfaceData, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable)
+void Object::writeInterfaceFlagsToVTable(InterfaceFlagsVTableItem flags, VTable& vtable)
 {
-    for (const auto& item : interfaceData.signals)
+    vtable.interfaceFlags = std::move(flags.flags);
+}
+
+void Object::writeMethodRecordToVTable(MethodVTableItem method, VTable& vtable)
+{
+    SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(method.name.c_str());
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!method.callbackHandler, "Invalid method callback provided", EINVAL);
+
+    vtable.methods.push_back({ std::move(method.name)
+                             , std::move(method.inputSignature)
+                             , std::move(method.outputSignature)
+                             , paramNamesToString(method.inputParamNames) + paramNamesToString(method.outputParamNames)
+                             , std::move(method.callbackHandler)
+                             , std::move(method.flags) });
+}
+
+void Object::writeSignalRecordToVTable(SignalVTableItem signal, VTable& vtable)
+{
+    SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(signal.name.c_str());
+
+    vtable.signals.push_back({ std::move(signal.name)
+                             , std::move(signal.signature)
+                             , paramNamesToString(signal.paramNames)
+                             , std::move(signal.flags) });
+}
+
+void Object::writePropertyRecordToVTable(PropertyVTableItem property, VTable& vtable)
+{
+    SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(property.name.c_str());
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!property.getter && !property.setter, "Invalid property callbacks provided", EINVAL);
+
+    vtable.properties.push_back({ std::move(property.name)
+                                , std::move(property.signature)
+                                , std::move(property.getter)
+                                , std::move(property.setter)
+                                , std::move(property.flags) });
+}
+
+std::vector<sd_bus_vtable> Object::createInternalSdBusVTable(const VTable& vtable)
+{
+    std::vector<sd_bus_vtable> sdbusVTable;
+
+    startSdBusVTable(vtable.interfaceFlags, sdbusVTable);
+    for (const auto& methodItem : vtable.methods)
+        writeMethodRecordToSdBusVTable(methodItem, sdbusVTable);
+    for (const auto& signalItem : vtable.signals)
+        writeSignalRecordToSdBusVTable(signalItem, sdbusVTable);
+    for (const auto& propertyItem : vtable.properties)
+        writePropertyRecordToSdBusVTable(propertyItem, sdbusVTable);
+    finalizeSdBusVTable(sdbusVTable);
+
+    return sdbusVTable;
+}
+
+void Object::startSdBusVTable(const Flags& interfaceFlags, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable)
+{
+    auto vtableItem = createSdBusVTableStartItem(interfaceFlags.toSdBusInterfaceFlags());
+    vtable.push_back(std::move(vtableItem));
+}
+
+void Object::writeMethodRecordToSdBusVTable(const VTable::MethodItem& method, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable)
+{
+    auto vtableItem = createSdBusVTableMethodItem( method.name.c_str()
+                                                 , method.inputSignature.c_str()
+                                                 , method.outputSignature.c_str()
+                                                 , method.paramNames.c_str()
+                                                 , &Object::sdbus_method_callback
+                                                 , method.flags.toSdBusMethodFlags() );
+    vtable.push_back(std::move(vtableItem));
+}
+
+void Object::writeSignalRecordToSdBusVTable(const VTable::SignalItem& signal, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable)
+{
+    auto vtableItem = createSdBusVTableSignalItem( signal.name.c_str()
+                                                 , signal.signature.c_str()
+                                                 , signal.paramNames.c_str()
+                                                 , signal.flags.toSdBusSignalFlags() );
+    vtable.push_back(std::move(vtableItem));
+}
+
+void Object::writePropertyRecordToSdBusVTable(const VTable::PropertyItem& property, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable)
+{
+    auto vtableItem = !property.setCallback
+                    ? createSdBusVTableReadOnlyPropertyItem( property.name.c_str()
+                                                           , property.signature.c_str()
+                                                           , &Object::sdbus_property_get_callback
+                                                           , property.flags.toSdBusPropertyFlags() )
+                    : createSdBusVTableWritablePropertyItem( property.name.c_str()
+                                                           , property.signature.c_str()
+                                                           , &Object::sdbus_property_get_callback
+                                                           , &Object::sdbus_property_set_callback
+                                                           , property.flags.toSdBusWritablePropertyFlags() );
+    vtable.push_back(std::move(vtableItem));
+}
+
+void Object::finalizeSdBusVTable(std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable)
+{
+    vtable.push_back(createSdBusVTableEndItem());
+}
+
+const Object::VTable::MethodItem* Object::findMethod(const VTable& vtable, std::string_view methodName)
+{
+    auto it = std::lower_bound(vtable.methods.begin(), vtable.methods.end(), methodName, [](const auto& methodItem, const auto& methodName)
     {
-        const auto& signalName = item.first;
-        const auto& signalData = item.second;
+        return methodItem.name < methodName;
+    });
 
-        vtable.push_back(createVTableSignalItem( signalName.c_str()
-                                               , signalData.signature.c_str()
-                                               , signalData.paramNames.c_str()
-                                               , signalData.flags.toSdBusSignalFlags() ));
-    }
+    return it != vtable.methods.end() && it->name == methodName ? &*it : nullptr;
 }
 
-void Object::registerPropertiesToVTable(const InterfaceData& interfaceData, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable)
+const Object::VTable::PropertyItem* Object::findProperty(const VTable& vtable, std::string_view propertyName)
 {
-    for (const auto& item : interfaceData.properties)
+    auto it = std::lower_bound(vtable.properties.begin(), vtable.properties.end(), propertyName, [](const auto& propertyItem, const auto& propertyName)
     {
-        const auto& propertyName = item.first;
-        const auto& propertyData = item.second;
+        return propertyItem.name < propertyName;
+    });
 
-        if (!propertyData.setCallback)
-            vtable.push_back(createVTablePropertyItem( propertyName.c_str()
-                                                     , propertyData.signature.c_str()
-                                                     , &Object::sdbus_property_get_callback
-                                                     , propertyData.flags.toSdBusPropertyFlags() ));
-        else
-            vtable.push_back(createVTableWritablePropertyItem( propertyName.c_str()
-                                                             , propertyData.signature.c_str()
-                                                             , &Object::sdbus_property_get_callback
-                                                             , &Object::sdbus_property_set_callback
-                                                             , propertyData.flags.toSdBusWritablePropertyFlags() ));
-    }
-}
-
-void Object::activateInterfaceVTable( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                    , InterfaceData& interfaceData
-                                    , const std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable )
-{
-    interfaceData.slot = connection_.addObjectVTable(objectPath_, interfaceName, &vtable[0], &interfaceData);
+    return it != vtable.properties.end() && it->name == propertyName ? &*it : nullptr;
 }
 
 std::string Object::paramNamesToString(const std::vector<std::string>& paramNames)
@@ -332,31 +322,19 @@ std::string Object::paramNamesToString(const std::vector<std::string>& paramName
 
 int Object::sdbus_method_callback(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error *retError)
 {
-    auto* interfaceData = static_cast<InterfaceData*>(userData);
-    assert(interfaceData != nullptr);
-    auto& object = interfaceData->object;
+    auto* vtable = static_cast<VTable*>(userData);
+    assert(vtable != nullptr);
+    assert(vtable->object != nullptr);
 
-    auto message = Message::Factory::create<MethodCall>(sdbusMessage, &object.connection_.getSdBusInterface());
+    auto message = Message::Factory::create<MethodCall>(sdbusMessage, &vtable->object->connection_);
 
-    object.m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.store(&message, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    SCOPE_EXIT
-    {
-        object.m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.store(nullptr, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    };
+    const auto* methodItem = findMethod(*vtable, message.getMemberName());
+    assert(methodItem != nullptr);
+    assert(methodItem->callback);
 
-    auto& callback = interfaceData->methods[message.getMemberName()].callback;
-    assert(callback);
+    auto ok = invokeHandlerAndCatchErrors([&](){ methodItem->callback(std::move(message)); }, retError);
 
-    try
-    {
-        callback(message);
-    }
-    catch (const Error& e)
-    {
-        sd_bus_error_set(retError, e.getName().c_str(), e.getMessage().c_str());
-    }
-
-    return 1;
+    return ok ? 1 : -1;
 }
 
 int Object::sdbus_property_get_callback( sd_bus */*bus*/
@@ -367,30 +345,25 @@ int Object::sdbus_property_get_callback( sd_bus */*bus*/
                                        , void *userData
                                        , sd_bus_error *retError )
 {
-    auto* interfaceData = static_cast<InterfaceData*>(userData);
-    assert(interfaceData != nullptr);
-    auto& object = interfaceData->object;
+    auto* vtable = static_cast<VTable*>(userData);
+    assert(vtable != nullptr);
+    assert(vtable->object != nullptr);
 
-    auto& callback = interfaceData->properties[property].getCallback;
-    // Getter can be empty - the case of "write-only" property
-    if (!callback)
+    const auto* propertyItem = findProperty(*vtable, property);
+    assert(propertyItem != nullptr);
+
+    // Getter may be empty - the case of "write-only" property
+    if (!propertyItem->getCallback)
     {
         sd_bus_error_set(retError, "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Failed", "Cannot read property as it is write-only");
         return 1;
     }
 
-    auto reply = Message::Factory::create<PropertyGetReply>(sdbusReply, &object.connection_.getSdBusInterface());
+    auto reply = Message::Factory::create<PropertyGetReply>(sdbusReply, &vtable->object->connection_);
 
-    try
-    {
-        callback(reply);
-    }
-    catch (const Error& e)
-    {
-        sd_bus_error_set(retError, e.getName().c_str(), e.getMessage().c_str());
-    }
+    auto ok = invokeHandlerAndCatchErrors([&](){ propertyItem->getCallback(reply); }, retError);
 
-    return 1;
+    return ok ? 1 : -1;
 }
 
 int Object::sdbus_property_set_callback( sd_bus */*bus*/
@@ -401,38 +374,26 @@ int Object::sdbus_property_set_callback( sd_bus */*bus*/
                                        , void *userData
                                        , sd_bus_error *retError )
 {
-    auto* interfaceData = static_cast<InterfaceData*>(userData);
-    assert(interfaceData != nullptr);
-    auto& object = interfaceData->object;
+    auto* vtable = static_cast<VTable*>(userData);
+    assert(vtable != nullptr);
+    assert(vtable->object != nullptr);
 
-    auto& callback = interfaceData->properties[property].setCallback;
-    assert(callback);
+    const auto* propertyItem = findProperty(*vtable, property);
+    assert(propertyItem != nullptr);
+    assert(propertyItem->setCallback);
 
-    auto value = Message::Factory::create<PropertySetCall>(sdbusValue, &object.connection_.getSdBusInterface());
+    auto value = Message::Factory::create<PropertySetCall>(sdbusValue, &vtable->object->connection_);
 
-    object.m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.store(&value, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    SCOPE_EXIT
-    {
-        object.m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.store(nullptr, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    };
+    auto ok = invokeHandlerAndCatchErrors([&](){ propertyItem->setCallback(std::move(value)); }, retError);
 
-    try
-    {
-        callback(value);
-    }
-    catch (const Error& e)
-    {
-        sd_bus_error_set(retError, e.getName().c_str(), e.getMessage().c_str());
-    }
-
-    return 1;
+    return ok ? 1 : -1;
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace sdbus::internal
 
 namespace sdbus {
 
-std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IObject> createObject(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string objectPath)
+std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IObject> createObject(sdbus::IConnection& connection, ObjectPath objectPath)
 {
     auto* sdbusConnection = dynamic_cast<sdbus::internal::IConnection*>(&connection);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sdbusConnection, "Connection is not a real sdbus-c++ connection", EINVAL);
@@ -440,4 +401,4 @@ std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IObject> createObject(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std
     return std::make_unique<sdbus::internal::Object>(*sdbusConnection, std::move(objectPath));
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace sdbus

src/Object.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Object.h
  *
@@ -27,16 +27,19 @@
 #ifndef SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_OBJECT_H_
 #define SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_OBJECT_H_
 
-#include <sdbus-c++/IObject.h>
+#include "sdbus-c++/IObject.h"
+
 #include "IConnection.h"
-#include SDBUS_HEADER
-#include <string>
-#include <map>
-#include <vector>
-#include <functional>
-#include <memory>
-#include <atomic>
+#include "sdbus-c++/Types.h"
+
 #include <cassert>
+#include <functional>
+#include <list>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include SDBUS_HEADER
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace sdbus::internal {
 
@@ -44,117 +47,100 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
         : public IObject
     {
     public:
-        Object(sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection, std::string objectPath);
+        Object(sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection, ObjectPath objectPath);
 
-        void registerMethod( const std::string& interfaceName
-                           , std::string methodName
-                           , std::string inputSignature
-                           , std::string outputSignature
-                           , method_callback methodCallback
-                           , Flags flags ) override;
-        void registerMethod( const std::string& interfaceName
-                           , std::string methodName
-                           , std::string inputSignature
-                           , const std::vector<std::string>& inputNames
-                           , std::string outputSignature
-                           , const std::vector<std::string>& outputNames
-                           , method_callback methodCallback
-                           , Flags flags ) override;
-
-        void registerSignal( const std::string& interfaceName
-                           , std::string signalName
-                           , std::string signature
-                           , Flags flags ) override;
-        void registerSignal( const std::string& interfaceName
-                           , std::string signalName
-                           , std::string signature
-                           , const std::vector<std::string>& paramNames
-                           , Flags flags ) override;
-
-        void registerProperty( const std::string& interfaceName
-                             , std::string propertyName
-                             , std::string signature
-                             , property_get_callback getCallback
-                             , Flags flags ) override;
-        void registerProperty( const std::string& interfaceName
-                             , std::string propertyName
-                             , std::string signature
-                             , property_get_callback getCallback
-                             , property_set_callback setCallback
-                             , Flags flags ) override;
-
-        void setInterfaceFlags(const std::string& interfaceName, Flags flags) override;
-
-        void finishRegistration() override;
+        void addVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable) override;
+        Slot addVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable, return_slot_t) override;
         void unregister() override;
 
-        sdbus::Signal createSignal(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& signalName) override;
+        Signal createSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const SignalName& signalName) const override;
+        Signal createSignal(const char* interfaceName, const char* signalName) const override;
         void emitSignal(const sdbus::Signal& message) override;
-        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::vector<std::string>& propNames) override;
-        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const std::string& interfaceName) override;
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames) override;
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const char* interfaceName, const std::vector<PropertyName>& propNames) override;
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const InterfaceName& interfaceName) override;
+        void emitPropertiesChangedSignal(const char* interfaceName) override;
         void emitInterfacesAddedSignal() override;
-        void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces) override;
+        void emitInterfacesAddedSignal(const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces) override;
         void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal() override;
-        void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces) override;
+        void emitInterfacesRemovedSignal(const std::vector<InterfaceName>& interfaces) override;
 
         void addObjectManager() override;
-        void removeObjectManager() override;
-        bool hasObjectManager() const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] Slot addObjectManager(return_slot_t) override;
 
-        sdbus::IConnection& getConnection() const override;
-        const std::string& getObjectPath() const override;
-        const Message* getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] sdbus::IConnection& getConnection() const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] const ObjectPath& getObjectPath() const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] Message getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const override;
 
     private:
-        using InterfaceName = std::string;
-        struct InterfaceData
+        // A vtable record comprising methods, signals, properties, flags.
+        // Once created, it cannot be modified. Only new vtables records can be added.
+        // An interface can have any number of vtables attached to it, not only one.
+        struct VTable
         {
-            InterfaceData(Object& object) : object(object) {}
+            InterfaceName interfaceName;
+            Flags interfaceFlags;
 
-            using MethodName = std::string;
-            struct MethodData
+            struct MethodItem
             {
-                const std::string inputArgs;
-                const std::string outputArgs;
-                const std::string paramNames;
+                MethodName name;
+                Signature inputSignature;
+                Signature outputSignature;
+                std::string paramNames;
                 method_callback callback;
                 Flags flags;
             };
-            std::map<MethodName, MethodData> methods;
-            using SignalName = std::string;
-            struct SignalData
+            // Array of method records sorted by method name
+            std::vector<MethodItem> methods;
+
+            struct SignalItem
             {
-                const std::string signature;
-                const std::string paramNames;
+                SignalName name;
+                Signature signature;
+                std::string paramNames;
                 Flags flags;
             };
-            std::map<SignalName, SignalData> signals;
-            using PropertyName = std::string;
-            struct PropertyData
+            // Array of signal records sorted by signal name
+            std::vector<SignalItem> signals;
+
+            struct PropertyItem
             {
-                const std::string signature;
+                PropertyName name;
+                Signature signature;
                 property_get_callback getCallback;
                 property_set_callback setCallback;
                 Flags flags;
             };
-            std::map<PropertyName, PropertyData> properties;
-            std::vector<sd_bus_vtable> vtable;
-            Flags flags;
-            Object& object;
+            // Array of signal records sorted by signal name
+            std::vector<PropertyItem> properties;
+
+            // VTable structure in format required by sd-bus API
+            std::vector<sd_bus_vtable> sdbusVTable;
+
+            // Back-reference to the owning object from sd-bus callback handlers
+            Object* object{};
 
             // This is intentionally the last member, because it must be destructed first,
             // releasing callbacks above before the callbacks themselves are destructed.
             Slot slot;
         };
 
-        InterfaceData& getInterface(const std::string& interfaceName);
-        static const std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& createInterfaceVTable(InterfaceData& interfaceData);
-        static void registerMethodsToVTable(const InterfaceData& interfaceData, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable);
-        static void registerSignalsToVTable(const InterfaceData& interfaceData, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable);
-        static void registerPropertiesToVTable(const InterfaceData& interfaceData, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable);
-        void activateInterfaceVTable( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                    , InterfaceData& interfaceData
-                                    , const std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable );
+        VTable createInternalVTable(InterfaceName interfaceName, std::vector<VTableItem> vtable);
+        static void writeInterfaceFlagsToVTable(InterfaceFlagsVTableItem flags, VTable& vtable);
+        static void writeMethodRecordToVTable(MethodVTableItem method, VTable& vtable);
+        static void writeSignalRecordToVTable(SignalVTableItem signal, VTable& vtable);
+        static void writePropertyRecordToVTable(PropertyVTableItem property, VTable& vtable);
+
+        static std::vector<sd_bus_vtable> createInternalSdBusVTable(const VTable& vtable);
+        static void startSdBusVTable(const Flags& interfaceFlags, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable);
+        static void writeMethodRecordToSdBusVTable(const VTable::MethodItem& method, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable);
+        static void writeSignalRecordToSdBusVTable(const VTable::SignalItem& signal, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable);
+        static void writePropertyRecordToSdBusVTable(const VTable::PropertyItem& property, std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable);
+        static void finalizeSdBusVTable(std::vector<sd_bus_vtable>& vtable);
+
+        static const VTable::MethodItem* findMethod(const VTable& vtable, std::string_view methodName);
+        static const VTable::PropertyItem* findProperty(const VTable& vtable, std::string_view propertyName);
+
         static std::string paramNamesToString(const std::vector<std::string>& paramNames);
 
         static int sdbus_method_callback(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error *retError);
@@ -175,10 +161,9 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
 
     private:
         sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection_;
-        std::string objectPath_;
-        std::map<InterfaceName, InterfaceData> interfaces_;
+        ObjectPath objectPath_;
+        std::vector<Slot> vtables_;
         Slot objectManagerSlot_;
-        std::atomic<const Message*> m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage{nullptr};
     };
 
 }

src/Proxy.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Proxy.cpp
  *
@@ -25,41 +25,44 @@
  */
 
 #include "Proxy.h"
+
+#include "sdbus-c++/Error.h"
+#include "sdbus-c++/IConnection.h"
+#include "sdbus-c++/Message.h"
+
 #include "IConnection.h"
 #include "MessageUtils.h"
-#include "Utils.h"
-#include "sdbus-c++/Message.h"
-#include "sdbus-c++/IConnection.h"
-#include "sdbus-c++/Error.h"
 #include "ScopeGuard.h"
-#include SDBUS_HEADER
+#include "Utils.h"
+
 #include <cassert>
-#include <chrono>
+#include <cstring>
+#include SDBUS_HEADER
 #include <utility>
 
 namespace sdbus::internal {
 
-Proxy::Proxy(sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+Proxy::Proxy(sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection, ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath)
     : connection_(&connection, [](sdbus::internal::IConnection *){ /* Intentionally left empty */ })
     , destination_(std::move(destination))
     , objectPath_(std::move(objectPath))
 {
-    SDBUS_CHECK_SERVICE_NAME(destination_);
-    SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(objectPath_);
+    SDBUS_CHECK_SERVICE_NAME(destination_.c_str());
+    SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(objectPath_.c_str());
 
     // The connection is not ours only, it is owned and managed by the user and we just reference
     // it here, so we expect the client to manage the event loop upon this connection themselves.
 }
 
 Proxy::Proxy( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection>&& connection
-            , std::string destination
-            , std::string objectPath )
+            , ServiceName destination
+            , ObjectPath objectPath )
     : connection_(std::move(connection))
     , destination_(std::move(destination))
     , objectPath_(std::move(objectPath))
 {
-    SDBUS_CHECK_SERVICE_NAME(destination_);
-    SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(objectPath_);
+    SDBUS_CHECK_SERVICE_NAME(destination_.c_str());
+    SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(objectPath_.c_str());
 
     // The connection is ours only, i.e. it's us who has to manage the event loop upon this connection,
     // in order that we get and process signals, async call replies, and other messages from D-Bus.
@@ -67,191 +70,155 @@ Proxy::Proxy( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection>&& connection
 }
 
 Proxy::Proxy( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection>&& connection
-            , std::string destination
-            , std::string objectPath
+            , ServiceName destination
+            , ObjectPath objectPath
             , dont_run_event_loop_thread_t )
     : connection_(std::move(connection))
     , destination_(std::move(destination))
     , objectPath_(std::move(objectPath))
 {
-    SDBUS_CHECK_SERVICE_NAME(destination_);
-    SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(objectPath_);
+    SDBUS_CHECK_SERVICE_NAME(destination_.c_str());
+    SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(objectPath_.c_str());
 
     // Even though the connection is ours only, we don't start an event loop thread.
     // This proxy is meant to be created, used for simple synchronous D-Bus call(s) and then dismissed.
 }
 
-MethodCall Proxy::createMethodCall(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& methodName)
+MethodCall Proxy::createMethodCall(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const MethodName& methodName) const
 {
     return connection_->createMethodCall(destination_, objectPath_, interfaceName, methodName);
 }
 
-MethodReply Proxy::callMethod(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout)
+MethodCall Proxy::createMethodCall(const char* interfaceName, const char* methodName) const
 {
-    // Sending method call synchronously is the only operation that blocks, waiting for the method
-    // reply message among the incoming messages on the sd-bus connection socket. But typically there
-    // already is somebody that generally handles incoming D-Bus messages -- the connection event loop
-    // running typically in its own thread. We have to avoid polling on socket from several threads.
-    // So we have to branch here: either we are within the context of the event loop thread, then we
-    // can send the message simply via sd_bus_call, which blocks. Or we are in another thread, then
-    // we can perform the send operation of the method call message from here (because that is thread-
-    // safe like other sd-bus API accesses), but the incoming reply we have to get through the event
-    // loop thread, because this is the only rightful listener on the sd-bus connection socket.
-    // So, technically, we use async means to wait here for reply received by the event loop thread.
-
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!message.isValid(), "Invalid method call message provided", EINVAL);
-
-    // If we don't need to wait for any reply, we can send the message now irrespective of the context
-    if (message.doesntExpectReply())
-        return message.send(timeout);
-
-    // If we are in the context of event loop thread, we can send the D-Bus call synchronously
-    // and wait blockingly for the reply, because we are the exclusive listeners on the socket
-    auto reply = connection_->tryCallMethodSynchronously(message, timeout);
-    if (reply.isValid())
-        return reply;
-
-    // Otherwise we send the call asynchronously and do blocking wait for the reply from the event loop thread
-    return sendMethodCallMessageAndWaitForReply(message, timeout);
+    return connection_->createMethodCall(destination_.c_str(), objectPath_.c_str(), interfaceName, methodName);
 }
 
-PendingAsyncCall Proxy::callMethod(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback, uint64_t timeout)
+MethodReply Proxy::callMethod(const MethodCall& message)
+{
+    return Proxy::callMethod(message, /*timeout*/ 0);
+}
+
+MethodReply Proxy::callMethod(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout)
+{
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!message.isValid(), "Invalid method call message provided", EINVAL);
+
+    return message.send(timeout);
+}
+
+PendingAsyncCall Proxy::callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback)
+{
+    return Proxy::callMethodAsync(message, std::move(asyncReplyCallback), /*timeout*/ 0);
+}
+
+Slot Proxy::callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback, return_slot_t)
+{
+    return Proxy::callMethodAsync(message, std::move(asyncReplyCallback), /*timeout*/ 0, return_slot);
+}
+
+PendingAsyncCall Proxy::callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback, uint64_t timeout)
 {
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!message.isValid(), "Invalid async method call message provided", EINVAL);
 
-    auto callback = (void*)&Proxy::sdbus_async_reply_handler;
-    auto callData = std::make_shared<AsyncCalls::CallData>(AsyncCalls::CallData{*this, std::move(asyncReplyCallback), {}, AsyncCalls::CallData::State::RUNNING});
-    auto weakData = std::weak_ptr<AsyncCalls::CallData>{callData};
+    auto asyncCallInfo = std::make_shared<AsyncCallInfo>(AsyncCallInfo{ .callback = std::move(asyncReplyCallback)
+                                                                      , .proxy = *this
+                                                                      , .floating = false });
 
-    callData->slot = message.send(callback, callData.get(), timeout);
+    asyncCallInfo->slot = message.send(reinterpret_cast<void*>(&Proxy::sdbus_async_reply_handler), asyncCallInfo.get(), timeout, return_slot);
 
-    pendingAsyncCalls_.addCall(std::move(callData));
+    auto asyncCallInfoWeakPtr = std::weak_ptr{asyncCallInfo};
 
-    return {weakData};
+    floatingAsyncCallSlots_.push_back(std::move(asyncCallInfo));
+
+    return {asyncCallInfoWeakPtr};
 }
 
-std::future<MethodReply> Proxy::callMethod(const MethodCall& message, with_future_t)
+Slot Proxy::callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback, uint64_t timeout, return_slot_t)
 {
-    return Proxy::callMethod(message, {}, with_future);
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!message.isValid(), "Invalid async method call message provided", EINVAL);
+
+    auto asyncCallInfo = std::make_unique<AsyncCallInfo>(AsyncCallInfo{ .callback = std::move(asyncReplyCallback)
+                                                                      , .proxy = *this
+                                                                      , .floating = true });
+
+    asyncCallInfo->slot = message.send(reinterpret_cast<void*>(&Proxy::sdbus_async_reply_handler), asyncCallInfo.get(), timeout, return_slot);
+
+    return {asyncCallInfo.release(), [](void *ptr){ delete static_cast<AsyncCallInfo*>(ptr); }}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
 }
 
-std::future<MethodReply> Proxy::callMethod(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout, with_future_t)
+std::future<MethodReply> Proxy::callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, with_future_t)
+{
+    return Proxy::callMethodAsync(message, {}, with_future);
+}
+
+std::future<MethodReply> Proxy::callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout, with_future_t)
 {
     auto promise = std::make_shared<std::promise<MethodReply>>();
     auto future = promise->get_future();
 
-    async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback = [promise = std::move(promise)](MethodReply& reply, const Error* error) noexcept
+    async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback = [promise = std::move(promise)](MethodReply reply, std::optional<Error> error) noexcept
     {
-        if (error == nullptr)
-            promise->set_value(reply); // TODO: std::move? Can't move now because currently processed message. TODO: Refactor
+        if (!error)
+            promise->set_value(std::move(reply));
         else
-            promise->set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*error));
+            promise->set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*std::move(error)));
     };
 
-    (void)Proxy::callMethod(message, std::move(asyncReplyCallback), timeout);
+    (void)Proxy::callMethodAsync(message, std::move(asyncReplyCallback), timeout);
 
     return future;
 }
 
-MethodReply Proxy::sendMethodCallMessageAndWaitForReply(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout)
-{
-    /*thread_local*/ SyncCallReplyData syncCallReplyData;
-
-    async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback = [&syncCallReplyData](MethodReply& reply, const Error* error)
-    {
-        syncCallReplyData.sendMethodReplyToWaitingThread(reply, error);
-    };
-    auto callback = (void*)&Proxy::sdbus_async_reply_handler;
-    AsyncCalls::CallData callData{*this, std::move(asyncReplyCallback), {}, AsyncCalls::CallData::State::NOT_ASYNC};
-
-    message.send(callback, &callData, timeout, floating_slot);
-
-    return syncCallReplyData.waitForMethodReply();
-}
-
-void Proxy::SyncCallReplyData::sendMethodReplyToWaitingThread(MethodReply& reply, const Error* error)
-{
-    std::unique_lock lock{mutex_};
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ cond_.notify_one(); }; // This must happen before unlocking the mutex to avoid potential data race on spurious wakeup in the waiting thread
-    SCOPE_EXIT{ arrived_ = true; };
-
-    //error_ = nullptr; // Necessary if SyncCallReplyData instance is thread_local
-
-    if (error == nullptr)
-        reply_ = std::move(reply);
-    else
-        error_ = std::make_unique<Error>(*error);
-}
-
-MethodReply Proxy::SyncCallReplyData::waitForMethodReply()
-{
-    std::unique_lock lock{mutex_};
-    cond_.wait(lock, [this](){ return arrived_; });
-
-    //arrived_ = false; // Necessary if SyncCallReplyData instance is thread_local
-
-    if (error_)
-        throw *error_;
-
-    return std::move(reply_);
-}
-
-void Proxy::registerSignalHandler( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                 , const std::string& signalName
+void Proxy::registerSignalHandler( const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                 , const SignalName& signalName
                                  , signal_handler signalHandler )
+{
+    Proxy::registerSignalHandler(interfaceName.c_str(), signalName.c_str(), std::move(signalHandler));
+}
+
+void Proxy::registerSignalHandler( const char* interfaceName
+                                 , const char* signalName
+                                 , signal_handler signalHandler )
+{
+    auto slot = Proxy::registerSignalHandler(interfaceName, signalName, std::move(signalHandler), return_slot);
+
+    floatingSignalSlots_.push_back(std::move(slot));
+}
+
+Slot Proxy::registerSignalHandler( const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                 , const SignalName& signalName
+                                 , signal_handler signalHandler
+                                 , return_slot_t )
+{
+    return Proxy::registerSignalHandler(interfaceName.c_str(), signalName.c_str(), std::move(signalHandler), return_slot);
+}
+
+Slot Proxy::registerSignalHandler( const char* interfaceName
+                                 , const char* signalName
+                                 , signal_handler signalHandler
+                                 , return_slot_t )
 {
     SDBUS_CHECK_INTERFACE_NAME(interfaceName);
     SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(signalName);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!signalHandler, "Invalid signal handler provided", EINVAL);
 
-    auto& interface = interfaces_[interfaceName];
+    auto signalInfo = std::make_unique<SignalInfo>(SignalInfo{std::move(signalHandler), *this, {}});
 
-    auto signalData = std::make_unique<InterfaceData::SignalData>(*this, std::move(signalHandler), nullptr);
-    auto insertionResult = interface.signals_.emplace(signalName, std::move(signalData));
+    signalInfo->slot = connection_->registerSignalHandler( destination_.c_str()
+                                                         , objectPath_.c_str()
+                                                         , interfaceName
+                                                         , signalName
+                                                         , &Proxy::sdbus_signal_handler
+                                                         , signalInfo.get()
+                                                         , return_slot );
 
-    auto inserted = insertionResult.second;
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!inserted, "Failed to register signal handler: handler already exists", EINVAL);
-}
-
-void Proxy::unregisterSignalHandler( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                   , const std::string& signalName )
-{
-    auto it = interfaces_.find(interfaceName);
-
-    if (it != interfaces_.end())
-        it->second.signals_.erase(signalName);
-}
-
-void Proxy::finishRegistration()
-{
-    registerSignalHandlers(*connection_);
-}
-
-void Proxy::registerSignalHandlers(sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection)
-{
-    for (auto& interfaceItem : interfaces_)
-    {
-        const auto& interfaceName = interfaceItem.first;
-        auto& signalsOnInterface = interfaceItem.second.signals_;
-
-        for (auto& signalItem : signalsOnInterface)
-        {
-            const auto& signalName = signalItem.first;
-            auto* signalData = signalItem.second.get();
-            signalData->slot = connection.registerSignalHandler( destination_
-                                                               , objectPath_
-                                                               , interfaceName
-                                                               , signalName
-                                                               , &Proxy::sdbus_signal_handler
-                                                               , signalData);
-        }
-    }
+    return {signalInfo.release(), [](void *ptr){ delete static_cast<SignalInfo*>(ptr); }}; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
 }
 
 void Proxy::unregister()
 {
-    pendingAsyncCalls_.clear();
-    interfaces_.clear();
+    floatingAsyncCallSlots_.clear();
+    floatingSignalSlots_.clear();
 }
 
 sdbus::IConnection& Proxy::getConnection() const
@@ -259,104 +226,121 @@ sdbus::IConnection& Proxy::getConnection() const
     return *connection_;
 }
 
-const std::string& Proxy::getObjectPath() const
+const ObjectPath& Proxy::getObjectPath() const
 {
     return objectPath_;
 }
 
-const Message* Proxy::getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const
+Message Proxy::getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const
 {
-    return m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return connection_->getCurrentlyProcessedMessage();
 }
 
-int Proxy::sdbus_async_reply_handler(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error */*retError*/)
+int Proxy::sdbus_async_reply_handler(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error *retError)
 {
-    auto* asyncCallData = static_cast<AsyncCalls::CallData*>(userData);
-    assert(asyncCallData != nullptr);
-    assert(asyncCallData->callback);
-    auto& proxy = asyncCallData->proxy;
-    auto state = asyncCallData->state;
+    auto* asyncCallInfo = static_cast<AsyncCallInfo*>(userData);
+    assert(asyncCallInfo != nullptr);
+    assert(asyncCallInfo->callback);
+    auto& proxy = asyncCallInfo->proxy;
 
     // We are removing the CallData item at the complete scope exit, after the callback has been invoked.
     // We can't do it earlier (before callback invocation for example), because CallBack data (slot release)
     // is the synchronization point between callback invocation and Proxy::unregister.
     SCOPE_EXIT
     {
-        // Remove call meta-data if it's a real async call (a sync call done in terms of async has STATE_NOT_ASYNC)
-        if (state != AsyncCalls::CallData::State::NOT_ASYNC)
-            proxy.pendingAsyncCalls_.removeCall(asyncCallData);
+        proxy.floatingAsyncCallSlots_.erase(asyncCallInfo);
     };
 
-    auto message = Message::Factory::create<MethodReply>(sdbusMessage, &proxy.connection_->getSdBusInterface());
+    auto message = Message::Factory::create<MethodReply>(sdbusMessage, proxy.connection_.get());
 
-    proxy.m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.store(&message, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    SCOPE_EXIT
-    {
-        proxy.m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.store(nullptr, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    };
-
-    try
+    auto ok = invokeHandlerAndCatchErrors([&]
     {
         const auto* error = sd_bus_message_get_error(sdbusMessage);
         if (error == nullptr)
         {
-            asyncCallData->callback(message, nullptr);
+            asyncCallInfo->callback(std::move(message), {});
         }
         else
         {
-            Error exception(error->name, error->message);
-            asyncCallData->callback(message, &exception);
+            Error exception(Error::Name{error->name}, error->message);
+            asyncCallInfo->callback(std::move(message), std::move(exception));
         }
-    }
-    catch (const Error&)
-    {
-        // Intentionally left blank -- sdbus-c++ exceptions shall not bubble up to the underlying C sd-bus library
-    }
+    }, retError);
 
-    return 0;
+    return ok ? 0 : -1;
 }
 
-int Proxy::sdbus_signal_handler(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error */*retError*/)
+int Proxy::sdbus_signal_handler(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error *retError)
 {
-    auto* signalData = static_cast<InterfaceData::SignalData*>(userData);
-    assert(signalData != nullptr);
-    assert(signalData->callback);
+    auto* signalInfo = static_cast<SignalInfo*>(userData);
+    assert(signalInfo != nullptr);
+    assert(signalInfo->callback);
 
-    auto message = Message::Factory::create<Signal>(sdbusMessage, &signalData->proxy.connection_->getSdBusInterface());
+    auto message = Message::Factory::create<Signal>(sdbusMessage, signalInfo->proxy.connection_.get());
 
-    signalData->proxy.m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.store(&message, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    SCOPE_EXIT
-    {
-        signalData->proxy.m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage.store(nullptr, std::memory_order_relaxed);
-    };
+    auto ok = invokeHandlerAndCatchErrors([&](){ signalInfo->callback(std::move(message)); }, retError);
 
-    try
-    {
-        signalData->callback(message);
-    }
-    catch (const Error&)
-    {
-        // Intentionally left blank -- sdbus-c++ exceptions shall not bubble up to the underlying C sd-bus library
-    }
-
-    return 0;
+    return ok ? 0 : -1;
 }
 
+Proxy::FloatingAsyncCallSlots::~FloatingAsyncCallSlots()
+{
+    clear();
 }
 
+void Proxy::FloatingAsyncCallSlots::push_back(std::shared_ptr<AsyncCallInfo> asyncCallInfo)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(mutex_);
+    if (!asyncCallInfo->finished) // The call may have finished in the meantime
+        slots_.emplace_back(std::move(asyncCallInfo));
+}
+
+void Proxy::FloatingAsyncCallSlots::erase(AsyncCallInfo* info)
+{
+    std::unique_lock lock(mutex_);
+    info->finished = true;
+    auto it = std::find_if(slots_.begin(), slots_.end(), [info](auto const& entry){ return entry.get() == info; });
+    if (it != slots_.end())
+    {
+        auto callInfo = std::move(*it);
+        slots_.erase(it);
+        lock.unlock();
+
+        // Releasing call slot pointer acquires global sd-bus mutex. We have to perform the release
+        // out of the `mutex_' critical section here, because if the `removeCall` is called by some
+        // thread and at the same time Proxy's async reply handler (which already holds global sd-bus
+        // mutex) is in progress in a different thread, we get double-mutex deadlock.
+    }
+}
+
+void Proxy::FloatingAsyncCallSlots::clear()
+{
+    std::unique_lock lock(mutex_);
+    auto asyncCallSlots = std::move(slots_);
+    slots_ = {};
+    lock.unlock();
+
+    // Releasing call slot pointer acquires global sd-bus mutex. We have to perform the release
+    // out of the `mutex_' critical section here, because if the `clear` is called by some thread
+    // and at the same time Proxy's async reply handler (which already holds global sd-bus
+    // mutex) is in progress in a different thread, we get double-mutex deadlock.
+}
+
+} // namespace sdbus::internal
+
 namespace sdbus {
 
-PendingAsyncCall::PendingAsyncCall(std::weak_ptr<void> callData)
-    : callData_(std::move(callData))
+PendingAsyncCall::PendingAsyncCall(std::weak_ptr<void> callInfo)
+    : callInfo_(std::move(callInfo))
 {
 }
 
 void PendingAsyncCall::cancel()
 {
-    if (auto ptr = callData_.lock(); ptr != nullptr)
+    if (auto ptr = callInfo_.lock(); ptr != nullptr)
     {
-        auto* callData = static_cast<internal::Proxy::AsyncCalls::CallData*>(ptr.get());
-        callData->proxy.pendingAsyncCalls_.removeCall(callData);
+        auto* asyncCallInfo = static_cast<internal::Proxy::AsyncCallInfo*>(ptr.get());
+        asyncCallInfo->proxy.floatingAsyncCallSlots_.erase(asyncCallInfo);
 
         // At this point, the callData item is being deleted, leading to the release of the
         // sd-bus slot pointer. This release locks the global sd-bus mutex. If the async
@@ -367,16 +351,16 @@ void PendingAsyncCall::cancel()
 
 bool PendingAsyncCall::isPending() const
 {
-    return !callData_.expired();
+    return !callInfo_.expired();
 }
 
-}
+} // namespace sdbus
 
 namespace sdbus {
 
 std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( IConnection& connection
-                                          , std::string destination
-                                          , std::string objectPath )
+                                          , ServiceName destination
+                                          , ObjectPath objectPath )
 {
     auto* sdbusConnection = dynamic_cast<sdbus::internal::IConnection*>(&connection);
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sdbusConnection, "Connection is not a real sdbus-c++ connection", EINVAL);
@@ -387,39 +371,42 @@ std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( IConnection& connection
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::unique_ptr<IConnection>&& connection
-                                          , std::string destination
-                                          , std::string objectPath )
+                                          , ServiceName destination
+                                          , ObjectPath objectPath )
 {
-    auto* sdbusConnection = dynamic_cast<sdbus::internal::IConnection*>(connection.get());
+    auto* sdbusConnection = dynamic_cast<sdbus::internal::IConnection*>(connection.release());
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sdbusConnection, "Connection is not a real sdbus-c++ connection", EINVAL);
 
-    connection.release();
-
     return std::make_unique<sdbus::internal::Proxy>( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection>(sdbusConnection)
                                                    , std::move(destination)
                                                    , std::move(objectPath) );
 }
 
 std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::unique_ptr<IConnection>&& connection
-                                          , std::string destination
-                                          , std::string objectPath
+                                          , ServiceName destination
+                                          , ObjectPath objectPath
                                           , dont_run_event_loop_thread_t )
 {
-    auto* sdbusConnection = dynamic_cast<sdbus::internal::IConnection*>(connection.get());
+    auto* sdbusConnection = dynamic_cast<sdbus::internal::IConnection*>(connection.release());
     SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sdbusConnection, "Connection is not a real sdbus-c++ connection", EINVAL);
 
-    connection.release();
-
     return std::make_unique<sdbus::internal::Proxy>( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection>(sdbusConnection)
                                                    , std::move(destination)
                                                    , std::move(objectPath)
                                                    , dont_run_event_loop_thread );
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::string destination
-                                          , std::string objectPath )
+std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createLightWeightProxy( std::unique_ptr<IConnection>&& connection
+                                                     , ServiceName destination
+                                                     , ObjectPath objectPath )
 {
-    auto connection = sdbus::createConnection();
+    return createProxy(std::move(connection), std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath), dont_run_event_loop_thread);
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( ServiceName destination
+                                          , ObjectPath objectPath )
+{
+    auto connection = sdbus::createBusConnection();
 
     auto sdbusConnection = std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection>(dynamic_cast<sdbus::internal::IConnection*>(connection.release()));
     assert(sdbusConnection != nullptr);
@@ -429,11 +416,11 @@ std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::string destination
                                                    , std::move(objectPath) );
 }
 
-std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::string destination
-                                          , std::string objectPath
+std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( ServiceName destination
+                                          , ObjectPath objectPath
                                           , dont_run_event_loop_thread_t )
 {
-    auto connection = sdbus::createConnection();
+    auto connection = sdbus::createBusConnection();
 
     auto sdbusConnection = std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection>(dynamic_cast<sdbus::internal::IConnection*>(connection.release()));
     assert(sdbusConnection != nullptr);
@@ -444,4 +431,9 @@ std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createProxy( std::string destination
                                                    , dont_run_event_loop_thread );
 }
 
+std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IProxy> createLightWeightProxy(ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath)
+{
+    return createProxy(std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath), dont_run_event_loop_thread);
 }
+
+} // namespace sdbus

src/Proxy.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Proxy.h
  *
@@ -27,16 +27,17 @@
 #ifndef SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_PROXY_H_
 #define SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_PROXY_H_
 
-#include <sdbus-c++/IProxy.h>
+#include "sdbus-c++/IProxy.h"
+
 #include "IConnection.h"
-#include SDBUS_HEADER
-#include <string>
-#include <memory>
-#include <map>
+#include "sdbus-c++/Types.h"
+
 #include <deque>
+#include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <condition_variable>
+#include <string>
+#include SDBUS_HEADER
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace sdbus::internal {
 
@@ -45,54 +46,57 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
     {
     public:
         Proxy( sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection
-             , std::string destination
-             , std::string objectPath );
+             , ServiceName destination
+             , ObjectPath objectPath );
         Proxy( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection>&& connection
-             , std::string destination
-             , std::string objectPath );
+             , ServiceName destination
+             , ObjectPath objectPath );
         Proxy( std::unique_ptr<sdbus::internal::IConnection>&& connection
-             , std::string destination
-             , std::string objectPath
+             , ServiceName destination
+             , ObjectPath objectPath
              , dont_run_event_loop_thread_t );
 
-        MethodCall createMethodCall(const std::string& interfaceName, const std::string& methodName) override;
+        MethodCall createMethodCall(const InterfaceName& interfaceName, const MethodName& methodName) const override;
+        MethodCall createMethodCall(const char* interfaceName, const char* methodName) const override;
+        MethodReply callMethod(const MethodCall& message) override;
         MethodReply callMethod(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout) override;
-        PendingAsyncCall callMethod(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback, uint64_t timeout) override;
-        std::future<MethodReply> callMethod(const MethodCall& message, with_future_t) override;
-        std::future<MethodReply> callMethod(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout, with_future_t) override;
+        PendingAsyncCall callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback) override;
+        Slot callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                            , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                            , return_slot_t ) override;
+        PendingAsyncCall callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                                        , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                                        , uint64_t timeout ) override;
+        Slot callMethodAsync( const MethodCall& message
+                            , async_reply_handler asyncReplyCallback
+                            , uint64_t timeout
+                            , return_slot_t ) override;
+        std::future<MethodReply> callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, with_future_t) override;
+        std::future<MethodReply> callMethodAsync(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout, with_future_t) override;
 
-        void registerSignalHandler( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                  , const std::string& signalName
+        void registerSignalHandler( const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                  , const SignalName& signalName
                                   , signal_handler signalHandler ) override;
-        void unregisterSignalHandler( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                    , const std::string& signalName ) override;
-
-        void finishRegistration() override;
+        void registerSignalHandler( const char* interfaceName
+                                  , const char* signalName
+                                  , signal_handler signalHandler ) override;
+        Slot registerSignalHandler( const InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                  , const SignalName& signalName
+                                  , signal_handler signalHandler
+                                  , return_slot_t ) override;
+        Slot registerSignalHandler( const char* interfaceName
+                                  , const char* signalName
+                                  , signal_handler signalHandler
+                                  , return_slot_t ) override;
         void unregister() override;
 
-        sdbus::IConnection& getConnection() const override;
-        const std::string& getObjectPath() const override;
-        const Message* getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] sdbus::IConnection& getConnection() const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] const ObjectPath& getObjectPath() const override;
+        [[nodiscard]] Message getCurrentlyProcessedMessage() const override;
 
     private:
-        class SyncCallReplyData
-        {
-        public:
-            void sendMethodReplyToWaitingThread(MethodReply& reply, const Error* error);
-            MethodReply waitForMethodReply();
-
-        private:
-            std::mutex mutex_;
-            std::condition_variable cond_;
-            bool arrived_{};
-            MethodReply reply_;
-            std::unique_ptr<Error> error_;
-        };
-
-        MethodReply sendMethodCallMessageAndWaitForReply(const MethodCall& message, uint64_t timeout);
-        void registerSignalHandlers(sdbus::internal::IConnection& connection);
-        static int sdbus_async_reply_handler(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error *retError);
         static int sdbus_signal_handler(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error *retError);
+        static int sdbus_async_reply_handler(sd_bus_message *sdbusMessage, void *userData, sd_bus_error *retError);
 
     private:
         friend PendingAsyncCall;
@@ -100,101 +104,42 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
         std::unique_ptr< sdbus::internal::IConnection
                        , std::function<void(sdbus::internal::IConnection*)>
                        > connection_;
-        std::string destination_;
-        std::string objectPath_;
+        ServiceName destination_;
+        ObjectPath objectPath_;
 
-        using InterfaceName = std::string;
-        struct InterfaceData
+        std::vector<Slot> floatingSignalSlots_;
+
+        struct SignalInfo
         {
-            using SignalName = std::string;
-            struct SignalData
-            {
-                SignalData(Proxy& proxy, signal_handler callback, Slot slot)
-                    : proxy(proxy)
-                    , callback(std::move(callback))
-                    , slot(std::move(slot))
-                {}
-                Proxy& proxy;
-                signal_handler callback;
-                // slot must be listed after callback to ensure that slot is destructed first.
-                // Destructing the slot will sd_bus_slot_unref() the callback.
-                // Only after sd_bus_slot_unref(), we can safely delete the callback. The bus mutex (SdBus::sdbusMutex_)
-                // ensures that sd_bus_slot_unref() and the callback execute sequentially.
-                Slot slot;
-            };
-            std::map<SignalName, std::unique_ptr<SignalData>> signals_;
+            signal_handler callback;
+            Proxy& proxy;
+            Slot slot;
         };
-        std::map<InterfaceName, InterfaceData> interfaces_;
 
-        // We need to keep track of pending async calls. When the proxy is being destructed, we must
-        // remove all slots of these pending calls, otherwise in case when the connection outlives
-        // the proxy, we might get async reply handlers invoked for pending async calls after the proxy
-        // has been destroyed, which is a free ticket into the realm of undefined behavior.
-        class AsyncCalls
+        struct AsyncCallInfo
+        {
+            async_reply_handler callback;
+            Proxy& proxy;
+            Slot slot{};
+            bool finished{false};
+            bool floating;
+        };
+
+        // Container keeping track of pending async calls
+        class FloatingAsyncCallSlots
         {
         public:
-            struct CallData
-            {
-                enum class State
-                {   NOT_ASYNC
-                ,   RUNNING
-                ,   FINISHED
-                };
-
-                Proxy& proxy;
-                async_reply_handler callback;
-                Slot slot;
-                State state;
-            };
-
-            ~AsyncCalls()
-            {
-                clear();
-            }
-
-            void addCall(std::shared_ptr<CallData> asyncCallData)
-            {
-                std::lock_guard lock(mutex_);
-                if (asyncCallData->state != CallData::State::FINISHED) // The call may have finished in the meantime
-                    calls_.emplace_back(std::move(asyncCallData));
-            }
-
-            void removeCall(CallData* data)
-            {
-                std::unique_lock lock(mutex_);
-                data->state = CallData::State::FINISHED;
-                if (auto it = std::find_if(calls_.begin(), calls_.end(), [data](auto const& entry){ return entry.get() == data; }); it != calls_.end())
-                {
-                    auto callData = std::move(*it);
-                    calls_.erase(it);
-                    lock.unlock();
-
-                    // Releasing call slot pointer acquires global sd-bus mutex. We have to perform the release
-                    // out of the `mutex_' critical section here, because if the `removeCall` is called by some
-                    // thread and at the same time Proxy's async reply handler (which already holds global sd-bus
-                    // mutex) is in progress in a different thread, we get double-mutex deadlock.
-                }
-            }
-
-            void clear()
-            {
-                std::unique_lock lock(mutex_);
-                auto asyncCallSlots = std::move(calls_);
-                calls_ = {};
-                lock.unlock();
-
-                // Releasing call slot pointer acquires global sd-bus mutex. We have to perform the release
-                // out of the `mutex_' critical section here, because if the `clear` is called by some thread
-                // and at the same time Proxy's async reply handler (which already holds global sd-bus
-                // mutex) is in progress in a different thread, we get double-mutex deadlock.
-            }
+            ~FloatingAsyncCallSlots();
+            void push_back(std::shared_ptr<AsyncCallInfo> asyncCallInfo);
+            void erase(AsyncCallInfo* info);
+            void clear();
 
         private:
             std::mutex mutex_;
-            std::deque<std::shared_ptr<CallData>> calls_;
-        } pendingAsyncCalls_;
+            std::deque<std::shared_ptr<AsyncCallInfo>> slots_;
+        };
 
-        std::atomic<const Message*> m_CurrentlyProcessedMessage{nullptr};
+        FloatingAsyncCallSlots floatingAsyncCallSlots_;
     };
 
 }

src/ScopeGuard.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file ScopeGuard.h
  *
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #ifndef SDBUS_CPP_INTERNAL_SCOPEGUARD_H_
 #define SDBUS_CPP_INTERNAL_SCOPEGUARD_H_
 
+#include <exception>
 #include <utility>
 
 // Straightforward, modern, easy-to-use RAII utility to perform work on scope exit in an exception-safe manner.
@@ -55,62 +56,104 @@
 //     return; // exiting scope normally
 // }
 
-#define SCOPE_EXIT                                               \
-    auto ANONYMOUS_VARIABLE(SCOPE_EXIT_STATE)                    \
-        = ::sdbus::internal::detail::ScopeGuardOnExit() + [&]()  \
+#define SCOPE_EXIT                                                \
+    auto ANONYMOUS_VARIABLE(SCOPE_EXIT_STATE)                     \
+        = ::sdbus::internal::ScopeGuardOnExitTag{} + [&]()        \
     /**/
-
-#define SCOPE_EXIT_NAMED(NAME)                                   \
-    auto NAME                                                    \
-        = ::sdbus::internal::detail::ScopeGuardOnExit() + [&]()  \
+#define SCOPE_EXIT_NAMED(NAME)                                    \
+    auto NAME                                                     \
+        = ::sdbus::internal::ScopeGuardOnExitTag{} + [&]()        \
+    /**/
+#define SCOPE_EXIT_SUCCESS                                        \
+    auto ANONYMOUS_VARIABLE(SCOPE_EXIT_STATE)                     \
+        = ::sdbus::internal::ScopeGuardOnExitSuccessTag{} + [&]() \
+    /**/
+#define SCOPE_EXIT_SUCCESS_NAMED(NAME)                            \
+    auto NAME                                                     \
+        = ::sdbus::internal::ScopeGuardOnExitSuccessTag{} + [&]() \
+    /**/
+#define SCOPE_EXIT_FAILURE                                        \
+    auto ANONYMOUS_VARIABLE(SCOPE_EXIT_STATE)                     \
+        = ::sdbus::internal::ScopeGuardOnExitFailureTag{} + [&]() \
+    /**/
+#define SCOPE_EXIT_FAILURE_NAMED(NAME)                            \
+    auto NAME                                                     \
+        = ::sdbus::internal::ScopeGuardOnExitFailureTag{} + [&]() \
     /**/
 
 namespace sdbus::internal {
 
-    template <class _Fun>
+    struct ScopeGuardOnExitTag
+    {
+        static bool holds(int /*originalExceptions*/)
+        {
+            return true; // Always holds
+        }
+    };
+    struct ScopeGuardOnExitSuccessTag
+    {
+        static bool holds(int originalExceptions)
+        {
+            return originalExceptions == std::uncaught_exceptions(); // Only holds when no exception occurred within the scope
+        }
+    };
+    struct ScopeGuardOnExitFailureTag
+    {
+        static bool holds(int originalExceptions)
+        {
+            return originalExceptions != std::uncaught_exceptions(); // Only holds when an exception occurred within the scope
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <class _Fun, typename _Tag>
     class ScopeGuard
     {
-        _Fun fnc_;
-        bool active_;
-
     public:
-        ScopeGuard(_Fun f)
-            : fnc_(std::move(f))
-            , active_(true)
+        ScopeGuard(_Fun f) : fnc_(std::move(f))
         {
         }
-        ~ScopeGuard()
+
+        ScopeGuard() = delete;
+        ScopeGuard(const ScopeGuard&) = delete;
+        ScopeGuard& operator=(const ScopeGuard&) = delete;
+        ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard&& rhs) : fnc_(std::move(rhs.fnc_)), active_(rhs.active_), exceptions_(rhs.exceptions_)
         {
-            if (active_)
-                fnc_();
+            rhs.dismiss();
         }
+
         void dismiss()
         {
             active_ = false;
         }
-        ScopeGuard() = delete;
-        ScopeGuard(const ScopeGuard&) = delete;
-        ScopeGuard& operator=(const ScopeGuard&) = delete;
-        ScopeGuard(ScopeGuard&& rhs)
-            : fnc_(std::move(rhs.fnc_))
-            , active_(rhs.active_)
+
+        ~ScopeGuard()
         {
-            rhs.dismiss();
+            if (active_ && _Tag::holds(exceptions_))
+                fnc_();
         }
+
+    private:
+        _Fun fnc_;
+        int exceptions_{std::uncaught_exceptions()};
+        bool active_{true};
     };
 
-    namespace detail
+    template <typename _Fun>
+    ScopeGuard<_Fun, ScopeGuardOnExitTag> operator+(ScopeGuardOnExitTag, _Fun&& fnc)
     {
-        enum class ScopeGuardOnExit
-        {
-        };
+        return ScopeGuard<_Fun, ScopeGuardOnExitTag>(std::forward<_Fun>(fnc));
+    }
 
-        // Helper function to auto-deduce type of the callable entity
-        template <typename _Fun>
-        ScopeGuard<_Fun> operator+(ScopeGuardOnExit, _Fun&& fnc)
-        {
-            return ScopeGuard<_Fun>(std::forward<_Fun>(fnc));
-        }
+    template <typename _Fun>
+    ScopeGuard<_Fun, ScopeGuardOnExitSuccessTag> operator+(ScopeGuardOnExitSuccessTag, _Fun&& fnc)
+    {
+        return ScopeGuard<_Fun, ScopeGuardOnExitSuccessTag>(std::forward<_Fun>(fnc));
+    }
+
+    template <typename _Fun>
+    ScopeGuard<_Fun, ScopeGuardOnExitFailureTag> operator+(ScopeGuardOnExitFailureTag, _Fun&& fnc)
+    {
+        return ScopeGuard<_Fun, ScopeGuardOnExitFailureTag>(std::forward<_Fun>(fnc));
     }
 
 }
@@ -119,13 +162,9 @@ namespace sdbus::internal {
 #define CONCATENATE(s1, s2) CONCATENATE_IMPL(s1, s2)
 
 #ifdef __COUNTER__
-#define ANONYMOUS_VARIABLE(str)                 \
-    CONCATENATE(str, __COUNTER__)               \
-    /**/
+#define ANONYMOUS_VARIABLE(str) CONCATENATE(str, __COUNTER__)
 #else
-#define ANONYMOUS_VARIABLE(str)                 \
-    CONCATENATE(str, __LINE__)                  \
-    /**/
+#define ANONYMOUS_VARIABLE(str) CONCATENATE(str, __LINE__)
 #endif
 
 #endif /* SDBUS_CPP_INTERNAL_SCOPEGUARD_H_ */

src/SdBus.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file SdBus.cpp
  * @author Ardazishvili Roman (ardazishvili.roman@yandex.ru)
@@ -26,92 +26,87 @@
  */
 
 #include "SdBus.h"
-#include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
+#include "sdbus-c++/Error.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 
 namespace sdbus::internal {
 
-sd_bus_message* SdBus::sd_bus_message_ref(sd_bus_message *m)
+sd_bus_message* SdBus::sd_bus_message_ref(sd_bus_message *msg)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_message_ref(m);
+    return ::sd_bus_message_ref(msg);
 }
 
-sd_bus_message* SdBus::sd_bus_message_unref(sd_bus_message *m)
+sd_bus_message* SdBus::sd_bus_message_unref(sd_bus_message *msg)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_message_unref(m);
+    return ::sd_bus_message_unref(msg);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_send(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t *cookie)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_send(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *msg, uint64_t *cookie)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    auto r = ::sd_bus_send(bus, m, cookie);
+    auto r = ::sd_bus_send(bus, msg, cookie);
     if (r < 0)
         return r;
 
-    // Make sure long messages are not only stored in outgoing queues but also really sent out
-    ::sd_bus_flush(bus != nullptr ? bus : ::sd_bus_message_get_bus(m));
-
     return r;
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_call(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t usec, sd_bus_error *ret_error, sd_bus_message **reply)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_call(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message *msg, uint64_t usec, sd_bus_error *ret_error, sd_bus_message **reply)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_call(bus, m, usec, ret_error, reply);
+    return ::sd_bus_call(bus, msg, usec, ret_error, reply);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_call_async(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, sd_bus_message *m, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata, uint64_t usec)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_call_async(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, sd_bus_message *msg, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata, uint64_t usec)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    auto r = ::sd_bus_call_async(bus, slot, m, callback, userdata, usec);
+    auto r = ::sd_bus_call_async(bus, slot, msg, callback, userdata, usec);
     if (r < 0)
       return r;
 
-    // Make sure long messages are not only stored in outgoing queues but also really sent out
-    ::sd_bus_flush(bus != nullptr ? bus : ::sd_bus_message_get_bus(m));
-
     return r;
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **m, uint8_t type)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **msg, uint8_t type)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_message_new(bus, m, type);
+    return ::sd_bus_message_new(bus, msg, type);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new_method_call(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **m, const char *destination, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new_method_call(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **msg, const char *destination, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, m, destination, path, interface, member);
+    return ::sd_bus_message_new_method_call(bus, msg, destination, path, interface, member);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new_signal(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **m, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new_signal(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **msg, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_message_new_signal(bus, m, path, interface, member);
+    return ::sd_bus_message_new_signal(bus, msg, path, interface, member);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new_method_return(sd_bus_message *call, sd_bus_message **m)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new_method_return(sd_bus_message *call, sd_bus_message **msg)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_message_new_method_return(call, m);
+    return ::sd_bus_message_new_method_return(call, msg);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new_method_error(sd_bus_message *call, sd_bus_message **m, const sd_bus_error *e)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_message_new_method_error(sd_bus_message *call, sd_bus_message **msg, const sd_bus_error *err)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_message_new_method_error(call, m, e);
+    return ::sd_bus_message_new_method_error(call, msg, err);
 }
 
 int SdBus::sd_bus_set_method_call_timeout(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t usec)
@@ -123,7 +118,7 @@ int SdBus::sd_bus_set_method_call_timeout(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t usec)
 #else
     (void)bus;
     (void)usec;
-    throw sdbus::Error(SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, "Setting general method call timeout not supported by underlying version of libsystemd");
+    throw Error(Error::Name{SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED}, "Setting general method call timeout not supported by underlying version of libsystemd");
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -136,7 +131,7 @@ int SdBus::sd_bus_get_method_call_timeout(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t *ret)
 #else
     (void)bus;
     (void)ret;
-    throw sdbus::Error(SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, "Getting general method call timeout not supported by underlying version of libsystemd");
+    throw Error(Error::Name{SD_BUS_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED}, "Getting general method call timeout not supported by underlying version of libsystemd");
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -202,14 +197,14 @@ int SdBus::sd_bus_open_user_with_address(sd_bus **ret, const char* address)
     if (r < 0)
         return r;
 
-    r = ::sd_bus_set_bus_client(bus, true);
+    r = ::sd_bus_set_bus_client(bus, true); // NOLINT(readability-implicit-bool-conversion)
     if (r < 0)
         return r;
 
     // Copying behavior from
     // https://github.com/systemd/systemd/blob/fee6441601c979165ebcbb35472036439f8dad5f/src/libsystemd/sd-bus/sd-bus.c#L1381
     // Here, we make the bus as trusted
-    r = ::sd_bus_set_trusted(bus, true);
+    r = ::sd_bus_set_trusted(bus, true); // NOLINT(readability-implicit-bool-conversion)
     if (r < 0)
         return r;
 
@@ -281,7 +276,7 @@ int SdBus::sd_bus_open_server(sd_bus **ret, int fd)
     if (r < 0)
         return r;
 
-    r = ::sd_bus_set_server(bus, true, id);
+    r = ::sd_bus_set_server(bus, true, id); // NOLINT(readability-implicit-bool-conversion)
     if (r < 0)
         return r;
 
@@ -296,11 +291,13 @@ int SdBus::sd_bus_open_server(sd_bus **ret, int fd)
 
 int SdBus::sd_bus_open_system_remote(sd_bus **ret, const char *host)
 {
-#ifdef SDBUS_basu
+#ifndef SDBUS_basu
+    return ::sd_bus_open_system_remote(ret, host);
+#else
+    (void)ret;
+    (void)host;
     // https://git.sr.ht/~emersion/basu/commit/01d33b244eb6
     return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-#else
-    return ::sd_bus_open_system_remote(ret, host);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -345,6 +342,20 @@ int SdBus::sd_bus_add_match(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *match,
     return ::sd_bus_add_match(bus, slot, match, callback, userdata);
 }
 
+int SdBus::sd_bus_add_match_async(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *match, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, sd_bus_message_handler_t install_callback, void *userdata)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
+
+    return ::sd_bus_add_match_async(bus, slot, match, callback, install_callback, userdata);
+}
+
+int SdBus::sd_bus_match_signal(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **ret, const char *sender, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
+
+    return ::sd_bus_match_signal(bus, ret, sender, path, interface, member, callback, userdata);
+}
+
 sd_bus_slot* SdBus::sd_bus_slot_unref(sd_bus_slot *slot)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
@@ -362,11 +373,16 @@ int SdBus::sd_bus_start(sd_bus *bus)
     return ::sd_bus_start(bus);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **r)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **msg)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_process(bus, r);
+    return ::sd_bus_process(bus, msg);
+}
+
+sd_bus_message* SdBus::sd_bus_get_current_message(sd_bus *bus)
+{
+    return ::sd_bus_get_current_message(bus);
 }
 
 int SdBus::sd_bus_get_poll_data(sd_bus *bus, PollData* data)
@@ -388,6 +404,16 @@ int SdBus::sd_bus_get_poll_data(sd_bus *bus, PollData* data)
     return r;
 }
 
+int SdBus::sd_bus_get_n_queued(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t *read, uint64_t* write) // NOLINT(bugprone-easily-swappable-parameters)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
+
+    auto r1 = ::sd_bus_get_n_queued_read(bus, read);
+    auto r2 = ::sd_bus_get_n_queued_write(bus, write);
+
+    return std::min(r1, r2);
+}
+
 int SdBus::sd_bus_flush(sd_bus *bus)
 {
     return ::sd_bus_flush(bus);
@@ -408,74 +434,81 @@ sd_bus* SdBus::sd_bus_close_unref(sd_bus *bus)
 #endif
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_message_set_destination(sd_bus_message *m, const char *destination)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_message_set_destination(sd_bus_message *msg, const char *destination)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_message_set_destination(m, destination);
+    return ::sd_bus_message_set_destination(msg, destination);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_query_sender_creds(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t mask, sd_bus_creds **c)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_query_sender_creds(sd_bus_message *msg, uint64_t mask, sd_bus_creds **creds)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_query_sender_creds(m, mask, c);
+    return ::sd_bus_query_sender_creds(msg, mask, creds);
 }
 
-sd_bus_creds* SdBus::sd_bus_creds_unref(sd_bus_creds *c)
+sd_bus_creds* SdBus::sd_bus_creds_ref(sd_bus_creds *creds)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_creds_unref(c);
+    return ::sd_bus_creds_ref(creds);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_pid(sd_bus_creds *c, pid_t *pid)
+sd_bus_creds* SdBus::sd_bus_creds_unref(sd_bus_creds *creds)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_pid(c, pid);
+    return ::sd_bus_creds_unref(creds);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_uid(sd_bus_creds *c, uid_t *uid)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_pid(sd_bus_creds *creds, pid_t *pid)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_uid(c, uid);
+    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_pid(creds, pid);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_euid(sd_bus_creds *c, uid_t *euid)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_uid(sd_bus_creds *creds, uid_t *uid)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_euid(c, euid);
+    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_uid(creds, uid);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_gid(sd_bus_creds *c, gid_t *gid)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_euid(sd_bus_creds *creds, uid_t *euid)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_gid(c, gid);
+    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_euid(creds, euid);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_egid(sd_bus_creds *c, uid_t *egid)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_gid(sd_bus_creds *creds, gid_t *gid)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_egid(c, egid);
+    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_gid(creds, gid);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_supplementary_gids(sd_bus_creds *c, const gid_t **gids)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_egid(sd_bus_creds *creds, uid_t *egid)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_supplementary_gids(c, gids);
+    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_egid(creds, egid);
 }
 
-int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_selinux_context(sd_bus_creds *c, const char **label)
+int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_supplementary_gids(sd_bus_creds *creds, const gid_t **gids)
 {
     std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
 
-    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_selinux_context(c, label);
+    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_supplementary_gids(creds, gids);
 }
 
+int SdBus::sd_bus_creds_get_selinux_context(sd_bus_creds *creds, const char **label)
+{
+    std::lock_guard lock(sdbusMutex_);
+
+    return ::sd_bus_creds_get_selinux_context(creds, label);
 }
+
+} // namespace sdbus::internal

src/SdBus.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file SdBus.h
  * @author Ardazishvili Roman (ardazishvili.roman@yandex.ru)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ public:
     virtual int sd_bus_open_system(sd_bus **ret) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_open_user(sd_bus **ret) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_open_user_with_address(sd_bus **ret, const char* address) override;
-    virtual int sd_bus_open_system_remote(sd_bus **ret, const char* hsot) override;
+    virtual int sd_bus_open_system_remote(sd_bus **ret, const char* host) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_open_direct(sd_bus **ret, const char* address) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_open_direct(sd_bus **ret, int fd) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_open_server(sd_bus **ret, int fd) override;
@@ -72,14 +72,17 @@ public:
     virtual int sd_bus_add_object_vtable(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *path, const char *interface, const sd_bus_vtable *vtable, void *userdata) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_add_object_manager(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *path) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_add_match(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *match, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata) override;
+    virtual int sd_bus_add_match_async(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *match, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, sd_bus_message_handler_t install_callback, void *userdata) override;
+    virtual int sd_bus_match_signal(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **ret, const char *sender, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata) override;
     virtual sd_bus_slot* sd_bus_slot_unref(sd_bus_slot *slot) override;
 
     virtual int sd_bus_new(sd_bus **ret) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_start(sd_bus *bus) override;
 
-    virtual int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **r) override;
+    virtual int sd_bus_process(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **msg) override;
+    virtual sd_bus_message* sd_bus_get_current_message(sd_bus *bus) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_get_poll_data(sd_bus *bus, PollData* data) override;
-
+    virtual int sd_bus_get_n_queued(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t *read, uint64_t* write) override;
     virtual int sd_bus_flush(sd_bus *bus) override;
     virtual sd_bus *sd_bus_flush_close_unref(sd_bus *bus) override;
     virtual sd_bus *sd_bus_close_unref(sd_bus *bus) override;
@@ -87,6 +90,7 @@ public:
     virtual int sd_bus_message_set_destination(sd_bus_message *m, const char *destination) override;
 
     virtual int sd_bus_query_sender_creds(sd_bus_message *m, uint64_t mask, sd_bus_creds **c) override;
+    virtual sd_bus_creds* sd_bus_creds_ref(sd_bus_creds *c) override;
     virtual sd_bus_creds* sd_bus_creds_unref(sd_bus_creds *c) override;
 
     virtual int sd_bus_creds_get_pid(sd_bus_creds *c, pid_t *pid) override;

src/Types.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Types.cpp
  *
@@ -24,11 +24,16 @@
  * along with sdbus-c++. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
  */
 
-#include <sdbus-c++/Types.h>
-#include <sdbus-c++/Error.h>
+#include "sdbus-c++/Types.h"
+
+#include "sdbus-c++/Error.h"
+
 #include "MessageUtils.h"
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <system_error>
 #include SDBUS_HEADER
-#include <cassert>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 namespace sdbus {
 
@@ -50,12 +55,10 @@ void Variant::deserializeFrom(Message& msg)
     msg_.seal();
 }
 
-std::string Variant::peekValueType() const
+const char* Variant::peekValueType() const
 {
     msg_.rewind(false);
-    std::string type;
-    std::string contents;
-    msg_.peekType(type, contents);
+    auto [type, contents] = msg_.peekType();
     return contents;
 }
 
@@ -64,4 +67,27 @@ bool Variant::isEmpty() const
     return msg_.isEmpty();
 }
 
+void UnixFd::close() // NOLINT(readability-make-member-function-const)
+{
+    if (fd_ >= 0)
+    {
+        ::close(fd_);
+    }
 }
+
+int UnixFd::checkedDup(int fd)
+{
+    if (fd < 0)
+    {
+        return fd;
+    }
+
+    int ret = ::dup(fd); // NOLINT(android-cloexec-dup) // TODO: verify
+    if (ret < 0)
+    {
+        throw std::system_error(errno, std::generic_category(), "dup failed");
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+} // namespace sdbus

src/Utils.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Utils.h
  *
@@ -31,17 +31,17 @@
 #include SDBUS_HEADER
 
 #if LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION>=246
-#define SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(_PATH)                                                                                                            \
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sd_bus_object_path_is_valid(_PATH.c_str()), "Invalid object path '" + _PATH + "' provided", EINVAL)                     \
+#define SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(_PATH)                                                                                                          \
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sd_bus_object_path_is_valid(_PATH), std::string("Invalid object path '") + _PATH + "' provided", EINVAL)              \
     /**/
-#define SDBUS_CHECK_INTERFACE_NAME(_NAME)                                                                                                         \
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sd_bus_interface_name_is_valid(_NAME.c_str()), "Invalid interface name '" + _NAME + "' provided", EINVAL)               \
+#define SDBUS_CHECK_INTERFACE_NAME(_NAME)                                                                                                       \
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sd_bus_interface_name_is_valid(_NAME), std::string("Invalid interface name '") + _NAME + "' provided", EINVAL)        \
     /**/
-#define SDBUS_CHECK_SERVICE_NAME(_NAME)                                                                                                           \
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!_NAME.empty() && !sd_bus_service_name_is_valid(_NAME.c_str()), "Invalid service name '" + _NAME + "' provided", EINVAL) \
+#define SDBUS_CHECK_SERVICE_NAME(_NAME)                                                                                                         \
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(*_NAME && !sd_bus_service_name_is_valid(_NAME), std::string("Invalid service name '") + _NAME + "' provided", EINVAL)  \
     /**/
-#define SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(_NAME)                                                                                                            \
-    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sd_bus_member_name_is_valid(_NAME.c_str()), "Invalid member name '" + _NAME + "' provided", EINVAL)                     \
+#define SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(_NAME)                                                                                                          \
+    SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(!sd_bus_member_name_is_valid(_NAME), std::string("Invalid member name '") + _NAME + "' provided", EINVAL)              \
     /**/
 #else
 #define SDBUS_CHECK_OBJECT_PATH(_PATH)
@@ -50,4 +50,49 @@
 #define SDBUS_CHECK_MEMBER_NAME(_NAME)
 #endif
 
+namespace sdbus::internal {
+
+    template <typename _Callable>
+    bool invokeHandlerAndCatchErrors(_Callable callable, sd_bus_error *retError)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            callable();
+        }
+        catch (const Error& e)
+        {
+            sd_bus_error_set(retError, e.getName().c_str(), e.getMessage().c_str());
+            return false;
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception& e)
+        {
+            sd_bus_error_set(retError, SDBUSCPP_ERROR_NAME.c_str(), e.what());
+            return false;
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            sd_bus_error_set(retError, SDBUSCPP_ERROR_NAME.c_str(), "Unknown error occurred");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Returns time since epoch based of POSIX CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
+    // so we use the very same clock as underlying sd-bus library.
+    [[nodiscard]] inline auto now()
+    {
+        struct timespec ts{};
+        auto r = clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+        SDBUS_THROW_ERROR_IF(r < 0, "clock_gettime failed: ", -errno);
+
+        return std::chrono::nanoseconds(ts.tv_nsec) + std::chrono::seconds(ts.tv_sec);
+    }
+
+    // Implementation of the overload pattern for variant visitation
+    template <class... Ts> struct overload : Ts... { using Ts::operator()...; };
+    template <class... Ts> overload(Ts...) -> overload<Ts...>;
+
+}
+
 #endif /* SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_UTILS_H_ */

src/VTableUtils.c

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file VTableUtils.c
  *
@@ -27,18 +27,18 @@
 #include "VTableUtils.h"
 #include SDBUS_HEADER
 
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableStartItem(uint64_t flags)
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableStartItem(uint64_t flags)
 {
     struct sd_bus_vtable vtableStart = SD_BUS_VTABLE_START(flags);
     return vtableStart;
 }
 
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableMethodItem( const char *member
-                                    , const char *signature
-                                    , const char *result
-                                    , const char *paramNames
-                                    , sd_bus_message_handler_t handler
-                                    , uint64_t flags )
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableMethodItem( const char *member
+                                         , const char *signature
+                                         , const char *result
+                                         , const char *paramNames
+                                         , sd_bus_message_handler_t handler
+                                         , uint64_t flags )
 {
 #if LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION>=242
     // We have to expand macro SD_BUS_METHOD_WITH_NAMES manually here, because the macro expects literal char strings
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ sd_bus_vtable createVTableMethodItem( const char *member
     return vtableItem;
 }
 
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableSignalItem( const char *member
-                                    , const char *signature
-                                    , const char *outnames
-                                    , uint64_t flags )
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableSignalItem( const char *member
+                                         , const char *signature
+                                         , const char *outnames
+                                         , uint64_t flags )
 {
 #if LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION>=242
     struct sd_bus_vtable vtableItem = SD_BUS_SIGNAL_WITH_NAMES(member, signature, outnames, flags);
@@ -79,26 +79,26 @@ sd_bus_vtable createVTableSignalItem( const char *member
     return vtableItem;
 }
 
-sd_bus_vtable createVTablePropertyItem( const char *member
-                                      , const char *signature
-                                      , sd_bus_property_get_t getter
-                                      , uint64_t flags )
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableReadOnlyPropertyItem( const char *member
+                                                   , const char *signature
+                                                   , sd_bus_property_get_t getter
+                                                   , uint64_t flags )
 {
     struct sd_bus_vtable vtableItem = SD_BUS_PROPERTY(member, signature, getter, 0, flags);
     return vtableItem;
 }
 
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableWritablePropertyItem( const char *member
-                                              , const char *signature
-                                              , sd_bus_property_get_t getter
-                                              , sd_bus_property_set_t setter
-                                              , uint64_t flags )
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableWritablePropertyItem( const char *member
+                                                   , const char *signature
+                                                   , sd_bus_property_get_t getter
+                                                   , sd_bus_property_set_t setter
+                                                   , uint64_t flags )
 {
     struct sd_bus_vtable vtableItem = SD_BUS_WRITABLE_PROPERTY(member, signature, getter, setter, 0, flags);
     return vtableItem;
 }
 
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableEndItem()
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableEndItem()
 {
     struct sd_bus_vtable vtableEnd = SD_BUS_VTABLE_END;
     return vtableEnd;

src/VTableUtils.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file VTableUtils.h
  *
@@ -27,34 +27,34 @@
 #ifndef SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_VTABLEUTILS_H_
 #define SDBUS_CXX_INTERNAL_VTABLEUTILS_H_
 
-#include SDBUS_HEADER
 #include <stdbool.h>
+#include SDBUS_HEADER
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
 
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableStartItem(uint64_t flags);
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableMethodItem( const char *member
-                                    , const char *signature
-                                    , const char *result
-                                    , const char *paramNames
-                                    , sd_bus_message_handler_t handler
-                                    , uint64_t flags );
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableSignalItem( const char *member
-                                    , const char *signature
-                                    , const char *outnames
-                                    , uint64_t flags );
-sd_bus_vtable createVTablePropertyItem( const char *member
-                                      , const char *signature
-                                      , sd_bus_property_get_t getter
-                                      , uint64_t flags );
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableWritablePropertyItem( const char *member
-                                              , const char *signature
-                                              , sd_bus_property_get_t getter
-                                              , sd_bus_property_set_t setter
-                                              , uint64_t flags );
-sd_bus_vtable createVTableEndItem();
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableStartItem(uint64_t flags);
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableMethodItem( const char *member
+                                         , const char *signature
+                                         , const char *result
+                                         , const char *paramNames
+                                         , sd_bus_message_handler_t handler
+                                         , uint64_t flags );
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableSignalItem( const char *member
+                                         , const char *signature
+                                         , const char *outnames
+                                         , uint64_t flags );
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableReadOnlyPropertyItem( const char *member
+                                                   , const char *signature
+                                                   , sd_bus_property_get_t getter
+                                                   , uint64_t flags );
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableWritablePropertyItem( const char *member
+                                                   , const char *signature
+                                                   , sd_bus_property_get_t getter
+                                                   , sd_bus_property_set_t setter
+                                                   , uint64_t flags );
+sd_bus_vtable createSdBusVTableEndItem();
 
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }

tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,15 +2,12 @@
 # DOWNLOAD AND BUILD OF GOOGLETEST
 #-------------------------------
 
-set(GOOGLETEST_VERSION 1.10.0 CACHE STRING "Version of gmock to use")
-set(GOOGLETEST_GIT_REPO "https://github.com/google/googletest.git" CACHE STRING "A git repo to clone and build googletest from if gmock is not found in the system")
-
-find_package(GTest ${GOOGLETEST_VERSION} CONFIG)
+find_package(GTest ${SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION} CONFIG)
 if (NOT TARGET GTest::gmock)
     # Try pkg-config if GTest was not found through CMake config
     find_package(PkgConfig)
     if (PkgConfig_FOUND)
-        pkg_check_modules(GMock IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL gmock>=${GOOGLETEST_VERSION})
+        pkg_check_modules(GMock IMPORTED_TARGET GLOBAL gmock>=${SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION})
         if(TARGET PkgConfig::GMock)
             add_library(GTest::gmock ALIAS PkgConfig::GMock)
         endif()
@@ -19,26 +16,26 @@ if (NOT TARGET GTest::gmock)
     if (NOT TARGET GTest::gmock)
         include(FetchContent)
 
-        message("Fetching googletest v${GOOGLETEST_VERSION}...")
+        if (SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 1.13.0)
+            set(GOOGLETEST_TAG "v${SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION}")
+        else()
+            set(GOOGLETEST_TAG "release-${SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_VERSION}")
+        endif()
+
+        message("Manually fetching & building googletest ${GOOGLETEST_TAG}...")
         FetchContent_Declare(googletest
-                            GIT_REPOSITORY ${GOOGLETEST_GIT_REPO}
-                            GIT_TAG        release-${GOOGLETEST_VERSION}
+                            GIT_REPOSITORY ${SDBUSCPP_GOOGLETEST_GIT_REPO}
+                            GIT_TAG        ${GOOGLETEST_TAG}
                             GIT_SHALLOW    1
                             UPDATE_COMMAND "")
 
-        #FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest) # Not available in CMake 3.13 :-( Let's do it manually:
-        FetchContent_GetProperties(googletest)
-        if(NOT googletest_POPULATED)
-            FetchContent_Populate(googletest)
-            set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
-            set(BUILD_GMOCK ON CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
-            set(INSTALL_GTEST OFF CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
-            set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_BAK ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
-            set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
-            add_subdirectory(${googletest_SOURCE_DIR} ${googletest_BINARY_DIR})
-            set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_BAK})
-            add_library(GTest::gmock ALIAS gmock)
-        endif()
+        set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
+        set(INSTALL_GTEST OFF CACHE INTERNAL "" FORCE)
+        set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_BAK ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
+        set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF)
+        FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
+        set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS ${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS_BAK})
+        add_library(GTest::gmock ALIAS gmock)
     endif()
 endif()
 
@@ -50,6 +47,7 @@ set(UNITTESTS_SOURCE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/unittests)
 set(UNITTESTS_SRCS
     ${UNITTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/sdbus-c++-unit-tests.cpp
     ${UNITTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/Message_test.cpp
+    ${UNITTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/PollData_test.cpp
     ${UNITTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/Types_test.cpp
     ${UNITTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/TypeTraits_test.cpp
     ${UNITTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/Connection_test.cpp
@@ -105,23 +103,28 @@ include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
 
 add_executable(sdbus-c++-unit-tests ${UNITTESTS_SRCS})
 target_compile_definitions(sdbus-c++-unit-tests PRIVATE
-    LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION=${LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}
-    SDBUS_HEADER=<${LIBSYSTEMD}/sd-bus.h>)
+    LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION=${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}
+    SDBUS_${SDBUS_IMPL}
+    SDBUS_HEADER=<${SDBUS_IMPL}/sd-bus.h>)
 target_link_libraries(sdbus-c++-unit-tests sdbus-c++-objlib GTest::gmock)
 
 add_executable(sdbus-c++-integration-tests ${INTEGRATIONTESTS_SRCS})
-target_compile_definitions(sdbus-c++-integration-tests PRIVATE LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION=${LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION})
-target_link_libraries(sdbus-c++-integration-tests sdbus-c++ GTest::gmock)
+target_compile_definitions(sdbus-c++-integration-tests PRIVATE
+    LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION=${SDBUSCPP_LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION}
+    SDBUS_${SDBUS_IMPL})
+if(NOT SDBUS_IMPL STREQUAL "basu")
+    # Systemd::Libsystemd is included because integration tests use sd-event. Otherwise sdbus-c++ encapsulates and hides libsystemd.
+    target_link_libraries(sdbus-c++-integration-tests sdbus-c++ Systemd::Libsystemd GTest::gmock)
+else()
+    # sd-event implementation is not part of basu, so its integration tests will be skipped
+    target_link_libraries(sdbus-c++-integration-tests sdbus-c++ GTest::gmock)
+endif()
 
-# Manual performance and stress tests
-option(ENABLE_PERF_TESTS "Build and install manual performance tests (default OFF)" OFF)
-option(ENABLE_STRESS_TESTS "Build and install manual stress tests (default OFF)" OFF)
-
-if(ENABLE_PERF_TESTS OR ENABLE_STRESS_TESTS)
+if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS OR SDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS)
     set(THREADS_PREFER_PTHREAD_FLAG ON)
     find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
 
-    if(ENABLE_PERF_TESTS)
+    if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS)
         message(STATUS "Building with performance tests")
         add_executable(sdbus-c++-perf-tests-client ${STRESSTESTS_CLIENT_SRCS})
         target_link_libraries(sdbus-c++-perf-tests-client sdbus-c++ Threads::Threads)
@@ -129,7 +132,7 @@ if(ENABLE_PERF_TESTS OR ENABLE_STRESS_TESTS)
         target_link_libraries(sdbus-c++-perf-tests-server sdbus-c++ Threads::Threads)
     endif()
 
-    if(ENABLE_STRESS_TESTS)
+    if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS)
         message(STATUS "Building with stress tests")
         add_executable(sdbus-c++-stress-tests ${STRESSTESTS_SRCS})
         target_link_libraries(sdbus-c++-stress-tests sdbus-c++ Threads::Threads)
@@ -140,22 +143,26 @@ endif()
 # INSTALLATION
 #----------------------------------
 
-include(GNUInstallDirs)
-set(TESTS_INSTALL_PATH "/opt/test/bin" CACHE STRING "Specifies where the test binaries will be installed")
-
-install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-unit-tests DESTINATION ${TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT test)
-install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-integration-tests DESTINATION ${TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT test)
-install(FILES ${INTEGRATIONTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/files/org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests.conf DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_SYSCONFDIR}/dbus-1/system.d COMPONENT test)
-
-if(ENABLE_PERF_TESTS)
-    install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-perf-tests-client DESTINATION ${TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT test)
-    install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-perf-tests-server DESTINATION ${TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT test)
-    install(FILES ${PERFTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/files/org.sdbuscpp.perftests.conf DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_SYSCONFDIR}/dbus-1/system.d COMPONENT test)
-endif()
-
-if(ENABLE_STRESS_TESTS)
-    install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-stress-tests DESTINATION ${TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT test)
-    install(FILES ${STRESSTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/files/org.sdbuscpp.stresstests.conf DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_SYSCONFDIR}/dbus-1/system.d COMPONENT test)
+if(SDBUSCPP_INSTALL)
+    include(GNUInstallDirs)
+    install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-unit-tests DESTINATION ${SDBUSCPP_TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-test)
+    install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-integration-tests DESTINATION ${SDBUSCPP_TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-test)
+    install(FILES ${INTEGRATIONTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/files/org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests.conf
+            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_SYSCONFDIR}/dbus-1/system.d
+            COMPONENT sdbus-c++-test)
+    if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_PERF_TESTS)
+        install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-perf-tests-client DESTINATION ${SDBUSCPP_TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-test)
+        install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-perf-tests-server DESTINATION ${SDBUSCPP_TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-test)
+        install(FILES ${PERFTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/files/org.sdbuscpp.perftests.conf
+                DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_SYSCONFDIR}/dbus-1/system.d
+                COMPONENT sdbus-c++-test)
+    endif()
+    if(SDBUSCPP_BUILD_STRESS_TESTS)
+        install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-stress-tests DESTINATION ${SDBUSCPP_TESTS_INSTALL_PATH} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-test)
+        install(FILES ${STRESSTESTS_SOURCE_DIR}/files/org.sdbuscpp.stresstests.conf
+                DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_FULL_SYSCONFDIR}/dbus-1/system.d
+                COMPONENT sdbus-c++-test)
+    endif()
 endif()
 
 #----------------------------------

tests/integrationtests/DBusAsyncMethodsTests.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file DBusAsyncMethodsTests.cpp
  *
@@ -49,29 +49,27 @@ using ::testing::SizeIs;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using namespace sdbus::test;
 
-using SdbusTestObject = TestFixture;
-
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 /* --          TEST CASES           -- */
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, ThrowsTimeoutErrorWhenClientSideAsyncMethodTimesOut)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, ThrowsTimeoutErrorWhenClientSideAsyncMethodTimesOut)
 {
     std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> start;
     try
     {
         std::promise<uint32_t> promise;
         auto future = promise.get_future();
-        m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t res, const sdbus::Error* err)
+        this->m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t res, std::optional<sdbus::Error> err)
         {
-            if (err == nullptr)
+            if (!err)
                 promise.set_value(res);
             else
-                promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*err));
+                promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*std::move(err)));
         });
 
         start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
-        m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsyncWithTimeout(1us, 1000); // The operation will take 1s, but the timeout is 500ms, so we should time out
+        this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsyncWithTimeout(1us, (1s).count()); // The operation will take 1s, but the timeout is 1us, so we should time out
         future.get();
 
         FAIL() << "Expected sdbus::Error exception";
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, ThrowsTimeoutErrorWhenClientSideAsyncMethodTimesOut)
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, RunsServerSideAsynchoronousMethodAsynchronously)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, RunsServerSideAsynchronousMethodAsynchronously)
 {
     // Yeah, this is kinda timing-dependent test, but times should be safe...
     std::mutex mtx;
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, RunsServerSideAsynchoronousMethodAsynchronously)
     std::atomic<int> startedCount{};
     auto call = [&](uint32_t param)
     {
-        TestProxy proxy{BUS_NAME, OBJECT_PATH};
+        TestProxy proxy{SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH};
         ++startedCount;
         while (!invoke) ;
         auto result = proxy.doOperationAsync(param);
@@ -114,14 +112,14 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, RunsServerSideAsynchoronousMethodAsynchronously)
     ASSERT_THAT(results, ElementsAre(500, 1000, 1500));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, HandlesCorrectlyABulkOfParallelServerSideAsyncMethods)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, HandlesCorrectlyABulkOfParallelServerSideAsyncMethods)
 {
     std::atomic<size_t> resultCount{};
     std::atomic<bool> invoke{};
     std::atomic<int> startedCount{};
     auto call = [&]()
     {
-        TestProxy proxy{BUS_NAME, OBJECT_PATH};
+        TestProxy proxy{SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH};
         ++startedCount;
         while (!invoke) ;
 
@@ -144,33 +142,46 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, HandlesCorrectlyABulkOfParallelServerSideAsyncMethods)
     ASSERT_THAT(resultCount, Eq(1500));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, InvokesMethodAsynchronouslyOnClientSide)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, RunsServerSideAsynchronousMethodWithLargeMessage)
+{
+    std::map<int32_t, std::string> largeMap;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < 40'000; ++i)
+        largeMap.emplace(i, "This is string nr. " + std::to_string(i+1));
+
+    auto result1 = this->m_proxy->doOperationAsyncWithLargeData(0, largeMap); // Sends large map back in the context of the callback (event loop thread)
+    auto result2 = this->m_proxy->doOperationAsyncWithLargeData(500, largeMap); // Sends large map back outside the context of the event loop thread
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(result1, Eq(largeMap));
+    ASSERT_THAT(result2, Eq(largeMap));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, InvokesMethodAsynchronouslyOnClientSide)
 {
     std::promise<uint32_t> promise;
     auto future = promise.get_future();
-    m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t res, const sdbus::Error* err)
+    this->m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t res, std::optional<sdbus::Error> err)
     {
-        if (err == nullptr)
+        if (!err)
             promise.set_value(res);
         else
-            promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*err));
+            promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(std::move(err)));
     });
 
-    m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
+    this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
 
     ASSERT_THAT(future.get(), Eq(100));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, InvokesMethodAsynchronouslyOnClientSideWithFuture)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, InvokesMethodAsynchronouslyOnClientSideWithFuture)
 {
-    auto future = m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100, sdbus::with_future);
+    auto future = this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100, sdbus::with_future);
 
     ASSERT_THAT(future.get(), Eq(100));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, InvokesMethodAsynchronouslyOnClientSideWithFutureOnBasicAPILevel)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, InvokesMethodAsynchronouslyOnClientSideWithFutureOnBasicAPILevel)
 {
-    auto future = m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsyncOnBasicAPILevel(100);
+    auto future = this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsyncOnBasicAPILevel(100);
 
     auto methodReply = future.get();
     uint32_t returnValue{};
@@ -179,87 +190,112 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, InvokesMethodAsynchronouslyOnClientSideWithFutureOnBasic
     ASSERT_THAT(returnValue, Eq(100));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, AnswersThatAsyncCallIsPendingIfItIsInProgress)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, InvokesMethodWithLargeDataAsynchronouslyOnClientSideWithFuture)
 {
-    m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t /*res*/, const sdbus::Error* /*err*/){});
+    std::map<int32_t, std::string> largeMap;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < 40'000; ++i)
+        largeMap.emplace(i, "This is string nr. " + std::to_string(i+1));
 
-    auto call = m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
+    auto future = this->m_proxy->doOperationWithLargeDataClientSideAsync(largeMap, sdbus::with_future);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(future.get(), Eq(largeMap));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, AnswersThatAsyncCallIsPendingIfItIsInProgress)
+{
+    this->m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t /*res*/, std::optional<sdbus::Error> /*err*/){});
+
+    auto call = this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(call.isPending());
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CancelsPendingAsyncCallOnClientSide)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, CancelsPendingAsyncCallOnClientSide)
 {
     std::promise<uint32_t> promise;
     auto future = promise.get_future();
-    m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t /*res*/, const sdbus::Error* /*err*/){ promise.set_value(1); });
-    auto call = m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
+    this->m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t /*res*/, std::optional<sdbus::Error> /*err*/){ promise.set_value(1); });
+    auto call = this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
 
     call.cancel();
 
     ASSERT_THAT(future.wait_for(300ms), Eq(std::future_status::timeout));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, AnswersThatAsyncCallIsNotPendingAfterItHasBeenCancelled)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, CancelsPendingAsyncCallOnClientSideByDestroyingOwningSlot)
 {
     std::promise<uint32_t> promise;
     auto future = promise.get_future();
-    m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t /*res*/, const sdbus::Error* /*err*/){ promise.set_value(1); });
-    auto call = m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
+    this->m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t /*res*/, std::optional<sdbus::Error> /*err*/){ promise.set_value(1); });
+
+    {
+        auto slot = this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100, sdbus::return_slot);
+        // Now the slot is destroyed, cancelling the async call
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(future.wait_for(300ms), Eq(std::future_status::timeout));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, AnswersThatAsyncCallIsNotPendingAfterItHasBeenCancelled)
+{
+    std::promise<uint32_t> promise;
+    auto future = promise.get_future();
+    this->m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t /*res*/, std::optional<sdbus::Error> /*err*/){ promise.set_value(1); });
+    auto call = this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
 
     call.cancel();
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(call.isPending());
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, AnswersThatAsyncCallIsNotPendingAfterItHasBeenCompleted)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, AnswersThatAsyncCallIsNotPendingAfterItHasBeenCompleted)
 {
     std::promise<uint32_t> promise;
     auto future = promise.get_future();
-    m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t /*res*/, const sdbus::Error* /*err*/){ promise.set_value(1); });
+    this->m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t /*res*/, std::optional<sdbus::Error> /*err*/){ promise.set_value(1); });
 
-    auto call = m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(0);
+    auto call = this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(0);
     (void) future.get(); // Wait for the call to finish
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil([&call](){ return !call.isPending(); }));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, AnswersThatDefaultConstructedAsyncCallIsNotPending)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, AnswersThatDefaultConstructedAsyncCallIsNotPending)
 {
     sdbus::PendingAsyncCall call;
 
     ASSERT_FALSE(call.isPending());
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, SupportsAsyncCallCopyAssignment)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, SupportsAsyncCallCopyAssignment)
 {
     sdbus::PendingAsyncCall call;
 
-    call = m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
+    call = this->m_proxy->doOperationClientSideAsync(100);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(call.isPending());
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, ReturnsNonnullErrorWhenAsynchronousMethodCallFails)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, ReturnsNonnullErrorWhenAsynchronousMethodCallFails)
 {
     std::promise<uint32_t> promise;
     auto future = promise.get_future();
-    m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t res, const sdbus::Error* err)
+    this->m_proxy->installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler([&](uint32_t res, std::optional<sdbus::Error> err)
     {
-        if (err == nullptr)
+        if (!err)
             promise.set_value(res);
         else
-            promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*err));
+            promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*std::move(err)));
     });
 
-    m_proxy->doErroneousOperationClientSideAsync();
+    this->m_proxy->doErroneousOperationClientSideAsync();
 
     ASSERT_THROW(future.get(), sdbus::Error);
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, ThrowsErrorWhenClientSideAsynchronousMethodCallWithFutureFails)
+TYPED_TEST(AsyncSdbusTestObject, ThrowsErrorWhenClientSideAsynchronousMethodCallWithFutureFails)
 {
-    auto future = m_proxy->doErroneousOperationClientSideAsync(sdbus::with_future);
+    auto future = this->m_proxy->doErroneousOperationClientSideAsync(sdbus::with_future);
 
     ASSERT_THROW(future.get(), sdbus::Error);
 }

tests/integrationtests/DBusConnectionTests.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file DBusConnectionTests.cpp
  *
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
 
 using ::testing::Eq;
 using namespace sdbus::test;
-using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 /* --          TEST CASES           -- */
@@ -49,85 +48,49 @@ using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 
 TEST(Connection, CanBeDefaultConstructed)
 {
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(auto con = sdbus::createConnection());
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(auto con = sdbus::createBusConnection());
 }
 
-TEST(Connection, CanRequestRegisteredDbusName)
+TEST(Connection, CanRequestName)
 {
-    auto connection = sdbus::createConnection();
+    auto connection = sdbus::createBusConnection();
 
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(connection->requestName(BUS_NAME))
+    // In case of system bus connection, requesting may throw as we need to allow that first through a config file in /etc/dbus-1/system.d
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(connection->requestName(SERVICE_NAME))
         << "Perhaps you've forgotten to copy `org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests.conf` file to `/etc/dbus-1/system.d` directory before running the tests?";
 }
 
-TEST(Connection, CannotRequestNonregisteredDbusName)
+TEST(SystemBusConnection, CannotRequestNonregisteredDbusName)
 {
-    auto connection = sdbus::createConnection();
-    ASSERT_THROW(connection->requestName("some.random.not.supported.dbus.name"), sdbus::Error);
+    auto connection = sdbus::createSystemBusConnection();
+    sdbus::ServiceName notSupportedBusName{"some.random.not.supported.dbus.name"};
+
+    ASSERT_THROW(connection->requestName(notSupportedBusName), sdbus::Error);
 }
 
-TEST(Connection, CanReleasedRequestedName)
+TEST(Connection, CanReleaseRequestedName)
 {
-    auto connection = sdbus::createConnection();
+    auto connection = sdbus::createBusConnection();
+    connection->requestName(SERVICE_NAME);
 
-    connection->requestName(BUS_NAME);
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(connection->releaseName(BUS_NAME));
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(connection->releaseName(SERVICE_NAME));
 }
 
 TEST(Connection, CannotReleaseNonrequestedName)
 {
-    auto connection = sdbus::createConnection();
-    ASSERT_THROW(connection->releaseName("some.random.nonrequested.name"), sdbus::Error);
+    auto connection = sdbus::createBusConnection();
+    sdbus::ServiceName notAcquiredBusName{"some.random.unacquired.name"};
+
+    ASSERT_THROW(connection->releaseName(notAcquiredBusName), sdbus::Error);
 }
 
-TEST(Connection, CanEnterAndLeaveEventLoop)
+TEST(Connection, CanEnterAndLeaveInternalEventLoop)
 {
-    auto connection = sdbus::createConnection();
-    connection->requestName(BUS_NAME);
+    auto connection = sdbus::createBusConnection();
+    connection->requestName(SERVICE_NAME);
 
     std::thread t([&](){ connection->enterEventLoop(); });
     connection->leaveEventLoop();
 
     t.join();
 }
-
-TEST(Connection, PollDataGetZeroTimeout)
-{
-    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd{};
-    pd.timeout_usec = 0;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(pd.getRelativeTimeout().has_value());
-    EXPECT_THAT(pd.getRelativeTimeout().value(), Eq(std::chrono::microseconds::zero()));
-    EXPECT_THAT(pd.getPollTimeout(), Eq(0));
-}
-
-TEST(Connection, PollDataGetInfiniteTimeout)
-{
-    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd{};
-    pd.timeout_usec = UINT64_MAX;
-    ASSERT_FALSE(pd.getRelativeTimeout().has_value());
-    EXPECT_THAT(pd.getPollTimeout(), Eq(-1));
-}
-
-TEST(Connection, PollDataGetZeroRelativeTimeoutForPast)
-{
-    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd{};
-    auto past = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - 10s;
-    pd.timeout_usec = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(past.time_since_epoch()).count();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(pd.getRelativeTimeout().has_value());
-    EXPECT_THAT(pd.getRelativeTimeout().value(), Eq(0us));
-    EXPECT_THAT(pd.getPollTimeout(), Eq(0));
-}
-
-TEST(Connection, PollDataGetRelativeTimeoutInTolerance)
-{
-    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd{};
-    constexpr auto TIMEOUT = 1s;
-    constexpr auto TOLERANCE = 100ms;
-    auto future = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + TIMEOUT;
-    pd.timeout_usec = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(future.time_since_epoch()).count();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(pd.getRelativeTimeout().has_value());
-    EXPECT_GE(pd.getRelativeTimeout().value(), TIMEOUT - TOLERANCE);
-    EXPECT_LE(pd.getRelativeTimeout().value(), TIMEOUT + TOLERANCE);
-    EXPECT_GE(pd.getPollTimeout(), 900);
-    EXPECT_LE(pd.getPollTimeout(), 1100);
-}

tests/integrationtests/DBusGeneralTests.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file DBusGeneralTests.cpp
  *
@@ -44,103 +44,129 @@ using ::testing::ElementsAre;
 using ::testing::Eq;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using namespace sdbus::test;
+using namespace std::string_view_literals;
 
-using AConnection = TestFixture;
 using ADirectConnection = TestFixtureWithDirectConnection;
 
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 /* --          TEST CASES           -- */
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 
-TEST(AdaptorAndProxy, CanBeConstructedSuccesfully)
+TEST(AdaptorAndProxy, CanBeConstructedSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto connection = sdbus::createConnection();
-    connection->requestName(BUS_NAME);
+    auto connection = sdbus::createBusConnection();
+    connection->requestName(SERVICE_NAME);
 
     ASSERT_NO_THROW(TestAdaptor adaptor(*connection, OBJECT_PATH));
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(TestProxy proxy(BUS_NAME, OBJECT_PATH));
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(TestProxy proxy(SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH));
+
+    connection->releaseName(SERVICE_NAME);
 }
 
-TEST(AProxy, SupportsMoveSemantics)
+TEST(AProxy, DoesNotSupportMoveSemantics)
 {
-    static_assert(std::is_move_constructible_v<DummyTestProxy>);
-    static_assert(std::is_move_assignable_v<DummyTestProxy>);
+    static_assert(!std::is_move_constructible_v<DummyTestProxy>);
+    static_assert(!std::is_move_assignable_v<DummyTestProxy>);
 }
 
-TEST(AnAdaptor, SupportsMoveSemantics)
+TEST(AnAdaptor, DoesNotSupportMoveSemantics)
 {
-    static_assert(std::is_move_constructible_v<DummyTestAdaptor>);
-    static_assert(std::is_move_assignable_v<DummyTestAdaptor>);
+    static_assert(!std::is_move_constructible_v<DummyTestAdaptor>);
+    static_assert(!std::is_move_assignable_v<DummyTestAdaptor>);
 }
 
-TEST_F(AConnection, WillCallCallbackHandlerForIncomingMessageMatchingMatchRule)
+TYPED_TEST(AConnection, WillCallCallbackHandlerForIncomingMessageMatchingMatchRule)
 {
-    auto matchRule = "sender='" + BUS_NAME + "',path='" + OBJECT_PATH + "'";
+    auto matchRule = "sender='" + SERVICE_NAME + "',path='" + OBJECT_PATH + "'";
     std::atomic<bool> matchingMessageReceived{false};
-    auto slot = s_proxyConnection->addMatch(matchRule, [&](sdbus::Message& msg)
+    auto slot = this->s_proxyConnection->addMatch(matchRule, [&](sdbus::Message msg)
     {
         if(msg.getPath() == OBJECT_PATH)
             matchingMessageReceived = true;
-    });
+    }, sdbus::return_slot);
 
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(matchingMessageReceived));
 }
 
-TEST_F(AConnection, WillUnsubscribeMatchRuleWhenClientDestroysTheAssociatedSlot)
+TYPED_TEST(AConnection, CanInstallMatchRuleAsynchronously)
 {
-    auto matchRule = "sender='" + BUS_NAME + "',path='" + OBJECT_PATH + "'";
+    auto matchRule = "sender='" + SERVICE_NAME + "',path='" + OBJECT_PATH + "'";
     std::atomic<bool> matchingMessageReceived{false};
-    auto slot = s_proxyConnection->addMatch(matchRule, [&](sdbus::Message& msg)
+    std::atomic<bool> matchRuleInstalled{false};
+    auto slot = this->s_proxyConnection->addMatchAsync( matchRule
+                                                      , [&](sdbus::Message msg)
+                                                        {
+                                                            if(msg.getPath() == OBJECT_PATH)
+                                                                matchingMessageReceived = true;
+                                                        }
+                                                      , [&](sdbus::Message /*msg*/)
+                                                        {
+                                                            matchRuleInstalled = true;
+                                                        }
+                                                      , sdbus::return_slot );
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(waitUntil(matchRuleInstalled));
+
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(matchingMessageReceived));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(AConnection, WillUnsubscribeMatchRuleWhenClientDestroysTheAssociatedSlot)
+{
+    auto matchRule = "sender='" + SERVICE_NAME + "',path='" + OBJECT_PATH + "'";
+    std::atomic<bool> matchingMessageReceived{false};
+    auto slot = this->s_proxyConnection->addMatch(matchRule, [&](sdbus::Message msg)
     {
         if(msg.getPath() == OBJECT_PATH)
             matchingMessageReceived = true;
-    });
+    }, sdbus::return_slot);
     slot.reset();
 
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
-    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(matchingMessageReceived, 2s));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(matchingMessageReceived, 1s));
 }
 
-TEST_F(AConnection, CanAddFloatingMatchRule)
+TYPED_TEST(AConnection, CanAddFloatingMatchRule)
 {
-    auto matchRule = "sender='" + BUS_NAME + "',path='" + OBJECT_PATH + "'";
+    auto matchRule = "sender='" + SERVICE_NAME + "',path='" + OBJECT_PATH + "'";
     std::atomic<bool> matchingMessageReceived{false};
-    auto con = sdbus::createSystemBusConnection();
+    auto con = sdbus::createBusConnection();
     con->enterEventLoopAsync();
-    auto callback = [&](sdbus::Message& msg)
+    auto callback = [&](sdbus::Message msg)
     {
         if(msg.getPath() == OBJECT_PATH)
             matchingMessageReceived = true;
     };
-    con->addMatch(matchRule, std::move(callback), sdbus::floating_slot);
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    con->addMatch(matchRule, std::move(callback));
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
     [[maybe_unused]] auto gotMessage = waitUntil(matchingMessageReceived, 2s);
     assert(gotMessage);
     matchingMessageReceived = false;
 
     con.reset();
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
-    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(matchingMessageReceived, 2s));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(matchingMessageReceived, 1s));
 }
 
-TEST_F(AConnection, WillNotPassToMatchCallbackMessagesThatDoNotMatchTheRule)
+TYPED_TEST(AConnection, WillNotPassToMatchCallbackMessagesThatDoNotMatchTheRule)
 {
     auto matchRule = "type='signal',interface='" + INTERFACE_NAME + "',member='simpleSignal'";
     std::atomic<size_t> numberOfMatchingMessages{};
-    auto slot = s_proxyConnection->addMatch(matchRule, [&](sdbus::Message& msg)
+    auto slot = this->s_proxyConnection->addMatch(matchRule, [&](sdbus::Message msg)
     {
-        if(msg.getMemberName() == "simpleSignal")
+        if(msg.getMemberName() == "simpleSignal"sv)
             numberOfMatchingMessages++;
-    });
-    auto adaptor2 = std::make_unique<TestAdaptor>(*s_adaptorConnection, OBJECT_PATH_2);
+    }, sdbus::return_slot);
+    auto adaptor2 = std::make_unique<TestAdaptor>(*this->s_adaptorConnection, OBJECT_PATH_2);
 
-    m_adaptor->emitSignalWithMap({});
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSignalWithMap({});
     adaptor2->emitSimpleSignal();
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil([&](){ return numberOfMatchingMessages == 2; }));
     ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil([&](){ return numberOfMatchingMessages > 2; }, 1s));

tests/integrationtests/DBusMethodsTests.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file DBusMethodsTests.cpp
  *
@@ -48,133 +48,151 @@ using ::testing::ElementsAre;
 using ::testing::SizeIs;
 using ::testing::NotNull;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+using namespace std::string_literals;
 using namespace sdbus::test;
 
-using SdbusTestObject = TestFixture;
+namespace my {
+    struct Struct
+    {
+        int i;
+        std::string s;
+        std::vector<double> l;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const Struct &lhs, const Struct &rhs) = default;
+    };
+}
+
+SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT(my::Struct, i, s, l);
 
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 /* --          TEST CASES           -- */
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsEmptyMethodSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsEmptyMethodSuccessfully)
 {
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(m_proxy->noArgNoReturn());
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(this->m_proxy->noArgNoReturn());
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodsWithBaseTypesSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodsWithBaseTypesSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto resInt = m_proxy->getInt();
+    auto resInt = this->m_proxy->getInt();
     ASSERT_THAT(resInt, Eq(INT32_VALUE));
 
-    auto multiplyRes = m_proxy->multiply(INT64_VALUE, DOUBLE_VALUE);
+    auto multiplyRes = this->m_proxy->multiply(INT64_VALUE, DOUBLE_VALUE);
     ASSERT_THAT(multiplyRes, Eq(INT64_VALUE * DOUBLE_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodsWithTuplesSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodsWithTuplesSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto resTuple = m_proxy->getTuple();
+    auto resTuple = this->m_proxy->getTuple();
     ASSERT_THAT(std::get<0>(resTuple), Eq(UINT32_VALUE));
     ASSERT_THAT(std::get<1>(resTuple), Eq(STRING_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodsWithStructSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodsWithStructSuccessfully)
 {
     sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, int16_t, double, std::string, std::vector<int16_t>> a{};
-    auto vectorRes = m_proxy->getInts16FromStruct(a);
+    auto vectorRes = this->m_proxy->getInts16FromStruct(a);
     ASSERT_THAT(vectorRes, Eq(std::vector<int16_t>{0})); // because second item is by default initialized to 0
 
-
     sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, int16_t, double, std::string, std::vector<int16_t>> b{
         UINT8_VALUE, INT16_VALUE, DOUBLE_VALUE, STRING_VALUE, {INT16_VALUE, -INT16_VALUE}
     };
-    vectorRes = m_proxy->getInts16FromStruct(b);
+    vectorRes = this->m_proxy->getInts16FromStruct(b);
     ASSERT_THAT(vectorRes, Eq(std::vector<int16_t>{INT16_VALUE, INT16_VALUE, -INT16_VALUE}));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithVariantSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithVariantSuccessfully)
 {
     sdbus::Variant v{DOUBLE_VALUE};
-    auto variantRes = m_proxy->processVariant(v);
+    sdbus::Variant variantRes = this->m_proxy->processVariant(v);
     ASSERT_THAT(variantRes.get<int32_t>(), Eq(static_cast<int32_t>(DOUBLE_VALUE)));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithStructVariantsAndGetMapSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithStdVariantSuccessfully)
+{
+    std::variant<int32_t, double, std::string> v{DOUBLE_VALUE};
+    auto variantRes = this->m_proxy->processVariant(v);
+    ASSERT_THAT(std::get<int32_t>(variantRes), Eq(static_cast<int32_t>(DOUBLE_VALUE)));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithStructVariantsAndGetMapSuccessfully)
 {
     std::vector<int32_t> x{-2, 0, 2};
     sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Variant, sdbus::Variant> y{false, true};
-    auto mapOfVariants = m_proxy->getMapOfVariants(x, y);
-    decltype(mapOfVariants) res{ {sdbus::Variant{-2}, sdbus::Variant{false}}
-                               , {sdbus::Variant{0}, sdbus::Variant{false}}
-                               , {sdbus::Variant{2}, sdbus::Variant{true}}};
+    std::map<int32_t, sdbus::Variant> mapOfVariants = this->m_proxy->getMapOfVariants(x, y);
+    decltype(mapOfVariants) res{ {-2, sdbus::Variant{false}}
+                               , {0, sdbus::Variant{false}}
+                               , {2, sdbus::Variant{true}}};
 
     ASSERT_THAT(mapOfVariants[-2].get<bool>(), Eq(res[-2].get<bool>()));
     ASSERT_THAT(mapOfVariants[0].get<bool>(), Eq(res[0].get<bool>()));
     ASSERT_THAT(mapOfVariants[2].get<bool>(), Eq(res[2].get<bool>()));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithStructInStructSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithStructInStructSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto val = m_proxy->getStructInStruct();
-    ASSERT_THAT(val.get<0>(), Eq(STRING_VALUE));
+    auto val = this->m_proxy->getStructInStruct();
+    ASSERT_THAT(val.template get<0>(), Eq(STRING_VALUE));
     ASSERT_THAT(std::get<0>(std::get<1>(val))[INT32_VALUE], Eq(INT32_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithTwoStructsSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithTwoStructsSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto val = m_proxy->sumStructItems({1, 2}, {3, 4});
+    auto val = this->m_proxy->sumStructItems({1, 2}, {3, 4});
     ASSERT_THAT(val, Eq(1 + 2 + 3 + 4));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithTwoVectorsSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithTwoVectorsSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto val = m_proxy->sumArrayItems({1, 7}, {2, 3, 4});
+    auto val = this->m_proxy->sumArrayItems({1, 7}, {2, 3, 4});
     ASSERT_THAT(val, Eq(1 + 7 + 2 + 3 + 4));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithSignatureSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithSignatureSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto resSignature = m_proxy->getSignature();
+    auto resSignature = this->m_proxy->getSignature();
     ASSERT_THAT(resSignature, Eq(SIGNATURE_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithObjectPathSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithObjectPathSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto resObjectPath = m_proxy->getObjPath();
+    auto resObjectPath = this->m_proxy->getObjPath();
     ASSERT_THAT(resObjectPath, Eq(OBJECT_PATH_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithUnixFdSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithUnixFdSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto resUnixFd = m_proxy->getUnixFd();
+    auto resUnixFd = this->m_proxy->getUnixFd();
     ASSERT_THAT(resUnixFd.get(), Gt(UNIX_FD_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithComplexTypeSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithComplexTypeSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto resComplex = m_proxy->getComplex();
+    auto resComplex = this->m_proxy->getComplex();
     ASSERT_THAT(resComplex.count(0), Eq(1));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMultiplyMethodWithNoReplyFlag)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMultiplyMethodWithNoReplyFlag)
 {
-    m_proxy->multiplyWithNoReply(INT64_VALUE, DOUBLE_VALUE);
+    this->m_proxy->multiplyWithNoReply(INT64_VALUE, DOUBLE_VALUE);
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_adaptor->m_wasMultiplyCalled));
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_adaptor->m_multiplyResult, Eq(INT64_VALUE * DOUBLE_VALUE));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_adaptor->m_wasMultiplyCalled));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_adaptor->m_multiplyResult, Eq(INT64_VALUE * DOUBLE_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithCustomTimeoutSuccessfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithCustomTimeoutSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto res = m_proxy->doOperationWithTimeout(500ms, 20); // The operation will take 20ms, but the timeout is 500ms, so we are fine
+    auto res = this->m_proxy->doOperationWithTimeout(500ms, (20ms).count()); // The operation will take 20ms, but the timeout is 500ms, so we are fine
     ASSERT_THAT(res, Eq(20));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, ThrowsTimeoutErrorWhenMethodTimesOut)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, ThrowsTimeoutErrorWhenMethodTimesOut)
 {
     auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
     try
     {
-        m_proxy->doOperationWithTimeout(1us, 1000); // The operation will take 1s, but the timeout is 1us, so we should time out
+        this->m_proxy->doOperationWithTimeout(1us, (1s).count()); // The operation will take 1s, but the timeout is 1us, so we should time out
         FAIL() << "Expected sdbus::Error exception";
     }
     catch (const sdbus::Error& e)
@@ -190,11 +208,11 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, ThrowsTimeoutErrorWhenMethodTimesOut)
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodThatThrowsError)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodThatThrowsError)
 {
     try
     {
-        m_proxy->throwError();
+        this->m_proxy->throwError();
         FAIL() << "Expected sdbus::Error exception";
     }
     catch (const sdbus::Error& e)
@@ -208,82 +226,158 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodThatThrowsError)
     }
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CallsErrorThrowingMethodWithDontExpectReplySet)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsErrorThrowingMethodWithDontExpectReplySet)
 {
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(m_proxy->throwErrorWithNoReply());
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(this->m_proxy->throwErrorWithNoReply());
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_adaptor->m_wasThrowErrorCalled));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_adaptor->m_wasThrowErrorCalled));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, FailsCallingNonexistentMethod)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, FailsCallingNonexistentMethod)
 {
-    ASSERT_THROW(m_proxy->callNonexistentMethod(), sdbus::Error);
+    ASSERT_THROW(this->m_proxy->callNonexistentMethod(), sdbus::Error);
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, FailsCallingMethodOnNonexistentInterface)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, FailsCallingMethodOnNonexistentInterface)
 {
-    ASSERT_THROW(m_proxy->callMethodOnNonexistentInterface(), sdbus::Error);
+    ASSERT_THROW(this->m_proxy->callMethodOnNonexistentInterface(), sdbus::Error);
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, FailsCallingMethodOnNonexistentDestination)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, FailsCallingMethodOnNonexistentDestination)
 {
-    TestProxy proxy("sdbuscpp.destination.that.does.not.exist", OBJECT_PATH);
+    TestProxy proxy(sdbus::ServiceName{"sdbuscpp.destination.that.does.not.exist"}, OBJECT_PATH);
     ASSERT_THROW(proxy.getInt(), sdbus::Error);
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, FailsCallingMethodOnNonexistentObject)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, FailsCallingMethodOnNonexistentObject)
 {
-    TestProxy proxy(BUS_NAME, "/sdbuscpp/path/that/does/not/exist");
+    TestProxy proxy(SERVICE_NAME, sdbus::ObjectPath{"/sdbuscpp/path/that/does/not/exist"});
     ASSERT_THROW(proxy.getInt(), sdbus::Error);
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CanReceiveSignalWhileMakingMethodCall)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanReceiveSignalWhileMakingMethodCall)
 {
-    m_proxy->emitTwoSimpleSignals();
+    this->m_proxy->emitTwoSimpleSignals();
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithMap));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal));
+    EXPECT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithMap));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CanAccessAssociatedMethodCallMessageInMethodCallHandler)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanSendAndReceiveDictionariesAsCustomStructsImplicitly)
 {
-    m_proxy->doOperation(10); // This will save pointer to method call message on server side
+    // This test demonstrates that sdbus-c++ can send a SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT-described struct as a dictionary of strings to variants,
+    // and that sdbus-c++ can automatically deserialize a dictionary of strings to variants into such a struct (instead of a map).
+    const my::Struct structSent{3545342, "hello"s, {3.14, 2.4568546}};
+    my::Struct structReceived;
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_adaptor->m_methodCallMsg, NotNull());
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_adaptor->m_methodCallMemberName, Eq("doOperation"));
+    this->m_proxy->getProxy().callMethod("returnDictionary")
+                             .onInterface("org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests")
+                             .withArguments(sdbus::as_dictionary(structSent))
+                             .storeResultsTo(structReceived);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(structReceived, Eq(structSent));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CanAccessAssociatedMethodCallMessageInAsyncMethodCallHandler)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanAccessAssociatedMethodCallMessageInMethodCallHandler)
 {
-    m_proxy->doOperationAsync(10); // This will save pointer to method call message on server side
+    this->m_proxy->doOperation(10); // This will save pointer to method call message on server side
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_adaptor->m_methodCallMsg, NotNull());
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_adaptor->m_methodCallMemberName, Eq("doOperationAsync"));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_adaptor->m_methodCallMsg, NotNull());
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_adaptor->m_methodName, Eq("doOperation"));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, ProvidesSerialInMethodCallAndMethodReplyMessage)
+{
+    auto reply = this->m_proxy->doOperationOnBasicAPILevel(ANY_UNSIGNED_NUMBER);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->m_methodCallMsg->getCookie(), Gt(0));
+    ASSERT_THAT(reply.getReplyCookie(), Eq(this->m_proxy->m_methodCallMsg->getCookie())); // Pairing method reply with method call message
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanAccessAssociatedMethodCallMessageInAsyncMethodCallHandler)
+{
+    this->m_proxy->doOperationAsync(10); // This will save pointer to method call message on server side
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_adaptor->m_methodCallMsg, NotNull());
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_adaptor->m_methodName, Eq("doOperationAsync"));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CallsMethodWithLargeArgument)
+{
+    std::map<int, std::string> collection;
+    //std::size_t totalSize{};
+    for (int i = 0; i < 400'000; i++)
+    {
+        collection[i] = ("This is a string of fifty characters. This is a string of fifty " + std::to_string(i));
+        //totalSize += sizeof(int) + collection[i].size();
+    }
+    //printf("Sending large message with collection of size %zu bytes\n", totalSize);
+    this->m_proxy->sendLargeMessage(collection);
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanSendCallsAndReceiveRepliesWithLargeData)
+{
+    std::map<int32_t, std::string> largeMap;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < 40'000; ++i)
+        largeMap.emplace(i, "This is string nr. " + std::to_string(i+1));
+
+    auto returnedMap = this->m_proxy->doOperationWithLargeData(largeMap);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(returnedMap, Eq(largeMap));
 }
 
 #if LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION>=240
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CanSetGeneralMethodTimeoutWithLibsystemdVersionGreaterThan239)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanSetGeneralMethodTimeoutWithLibsystemdVersionGreaterThan239)
 {
-    s_adaptorConnection->setMethodCallTimeout(5000000);
-    ASSERT_THAT(s_adaptorConnection->getMethodCallTimeout(), Eq(5000000));
+    this->s_adaptorConnection->setMethodCallTimeout(5000000);
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->s_adaptorConnection->getMethodCallTimeout(), Eq(5000000));
 }
 #else
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CannotSetGeneralMethodTimeoutWithLibsystemdVersionLessThan240)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CannotSetGeneralMethodTimeoutWithLibsystemdVersionLessThan240)
 {
-    ASSERT_THROW(s_adaptorConnection->setMethodCallTimeout(5000000), sdbus::Error);
-    ASSERT_THROW(s_adaptorConnection->getMethodCallTimeout(), sdbus::Error);
+    ASSERT_THROW(this->s_adaptorConnection->setMethodCallTimeout(5000000), sdbus::Error);
+    ASSERT_THROW(this->s_adaptorConnection->getMethodCallTimeout(), sdbus::Error);
 }
 #endif
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CanCallMethodSynchronouslyWithoutAnEventLoopThread)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanCallMethodSynchronouslyWithoutAnEventLoopThread)
 {
-#if defined(__clang__) && defined(__FreeBSD__)
-    GTEST_SKIP() << "https://github.com/Kistler-Group/sdbus-cpp/issues/359";
-#endif
-
-    auto proxy = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(BUS_NAME, OBJECT_PATH, sdbus::dont_run_event_loop_thread);
+    auto proxy = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH, sdbus::dont_run_event_loop_thread);
 
     auto multiplyRes = proxy->multiply(INT64_VALUE, DOUBLE_VALUE);
 
     ASSERT_THAT(multiplyRes, Eq(INT64_VALUE * DOUBLE_VALUE));
 }
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanRegisterAdditionalVTableDynamicallyAtAnyTime)
+{
+    auto& object = this->m_adaptor->getObject();
+    sdbus::InterfaceName interfaceName{"org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests2"};
+    auto vtableSlot = object.addVTable( interfaceName
+                                      , { sdbus::registerMethod("add").implementedAs([](const int64_t& a, const double& b){ return a + b; })
+                                        , sdbus::registerMethod("subtract").implementedAs([](const int& a, const int& b){ return a - b; }) }
+                                      , sdbus::return_slot );
+
+    // The new remote vtable is registered as long as we keep vtableSlot, so remote method calls now should pass
+    auto proxy = sdbus::createLightWeightProxy(SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
+    int result{};
+    proxy->callMethod("subtract").onInterface(interfaceName).withArguments(10, 2).storeResultsTo(result);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(result, Eq(8));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanUnregisterAdditionallyRegisteredVTableAtAnyTime)
+{
+    auto& object = this->m_adaptor->getObject();
+    sdbus::InterfaceName interfaceName{"org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests2"};
+
+    auto vtableSlot = object.addVTable( interfaceName
+                                      , { sdbus::registerMethod("add").implementedAs([](const int64_t& a, const double& b){ return a + b; })
+                                        , sdbus::registerMethod("subtract").implementedAs([](const int& a, const int& b){ return a - b; }) }
+                                      , sdbus::return_slot );
+    vtableSlot.reset(); // Letting the slot go means letting go the associated vtable registration
+
+    // No such remote D-Bus method under given interface exists anymore...
+    auto proxy = sdbus::createLightWeightProxy(SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
+    ASSERT_THROW(proxy->callMethod("subtract").onInterface(interfaceName).withArguments(10, 2), sdbus::Error);
+}

tests/integrationtests/DBusPropertiesTests.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file DBusPropertiesTests.cpp
  *
@@ -51,35 +51,42 @@ using ::testing::IsEmpty;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using namespace sdbus::test;
 
-using SdbusTestObject = TestFixture;
-
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 /* --          TEST CASES           -- */
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, ReadsReadOnlyPropertySuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, ReadsReadOnlyPropertySuccessfully)
 {
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->state(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->state(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, FailsWritingToReadOnlyProperty)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, FailsWritingToReadOnlyProperty)
 {
-    ASSERT_THROW(m_proxy->setStateProperty("new_value"), sdbus::Error);
+    ASSERT_THROW(this->m_proxy->setStateProperty("new_value"), sdbus::Error);
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, WritesAndReadsReadWritePropertySuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, WritesAndReadsReadWritePropertySuccessfully)
 {
     uint32_t newActionValue = 5678;
 
-    m_proxy->action(newActionValue);
+    this->m_proxy->action(newActionValue);
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->action(), Eq(newActionValue));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->action(), Eq(newActionValue));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CanAccessAssociatedPropertySetMessageInPropertySetHandler)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanAccessAssociatedPropertySetMessageInPropertySetHandler)
 {
-    m_proxy->blocking(true); // This will save pointer to property get message on server side
+    this->m_proxy->blocking(true); // This will save pointer to property get message on server side
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_adaptor->m_propertySetMsg, NotNull());
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_adaptor->m_propertySetSender, Not(IsEmpty()));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_adaptor->m_propertySetMsg, NotNull());
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_adaptor->m_propertySetSender, Not(IsEmpty()));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, WritesAndReadsReadWriteVariantPropertySuccessfully)
+{
+    sdbus::Variant newActionValue{5678};
+
+    this->m_proxy->actionVariant(newActionValue);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->actionVariant().template get<int>(), Eq(5678));
 }

tests/integrationtests/DBusSignalsTests.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file AdaptorAndProxy_test.cpp
  *
@@ -44,126 +44,124 @@ using ::testing::NotNull;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using namespace sdbus::test;
 
-using SdbusTestObject = TestFixture;
-
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 /* --          TEST CASES           -- */
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSimpleSignalSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSimpleSignalSuccessfully)
 {
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSimpleSignalToMultipleProxiesSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSimpleSignalToMultipleProxiesSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto proxy1 = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*s_adaptorConnection, BUS_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
-    auto proxy2 = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*s_adaptorConnection, BUS_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
+    auto proxy1 = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*this->s_adaptorConnection, SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
+    auto proxy2 = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*this->s_adaptorConnection, SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
 
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal));
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(proxy1->m_gotSimpleSignal));
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(proxy2->m_gotSimpleSignal));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, ProxyDoesNotReceiveSignalFromOtherBusName)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, ProxyDoesNotReceiveSignalFromOtherBusName)
 {
-    auto otherBusName = BUS_NAME + "2";
-    auto connection2 = sdbus::createConnection(otherBusName);
+    sdbus::ServiceName otherBusName{SERVICE_NAME + "2"};
+    auto connection2 = sdbus::createBusConnection(otherBusName);
     auto adaptor2 = std::make_unique<TestAdaptor>(*connection2, OBJECT_PATH);
 
     adaptor2->emitSimpleSignal();
 
-    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal, 2s));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal, 1s));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSignalWithMapSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSignalWithMapSuccessfully)
 {
-    m_adaptor->emitSignalWithMap({{0, "zero"}, {1, "one"}});
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSignalWithMap({{0, "zero"}, {1, "one"}});
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithMap));
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->m_mapFromSignal[0], Eq("zero"));
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->m_mapFromSignal[1], Eq("one"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithMap));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->m_mapFromSignal[0], Eq("zero"));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->m_mapFromSignal[1], Eq("one"));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSignalWithLargeMapSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSignalWithLargeMapSuccessfully)
 {
-  std::map<int32_t, std::string> largeMap;
-  for (int32_t i = 0; i < 20'000; ++i)
-      largeMap.emplace(i, "This is string nr. " + std::to_string(i+1));
-  m_adaptor->emitSignalWithMap(largeMap);
+    std::map<int32_t, std::string> largeMap;
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < 20'000; ++i)
+        largeMap.emplace(i, "This is string nr. " + std::to_string(i+1));
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSignalWithMap(largeMap);
 
-  ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithMap));
-  ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->m_mapFromSignal[0], Eq("This is string nr. 1"));
-  ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->m_mapFromSignal[1], Eq("This is string nr. 2"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithMap));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->m_mapFromSignal[0], Eq("This is string nr. 1"));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->m_mapFromSignal[1], Eq("This is string nr. 2"));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSignalWithVariantSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSignalWithVariantSuccessfully)
 {
     double d = 3.14;
-    m_adaptor->emitSignalWithVariant(sdbus::Variant{d});
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSignalWithVariant(sdbus::Variant{d});
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithVariant));
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->m_variantFromSignal, DoubleEq(d));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithVariant));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->m_variantFromSignal, DoubleEq(d));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSignalWithoutRegistrationSuccesfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsSignalWithoutRegistrationSuccessfully)
 {
-    m_adaptor->emitSignalWithoutRegistration({"platform", {"av"}});
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSignalWithoutRegistration({"platform", sdbus::Signature{"av"}});
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithSignature));
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->m_signatureFromSignal["platform"], Eq("av"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSignalWithSignature));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->m_signatureFromSignal["platform"], Eq(sdbus::Signature{"av"}));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, CanAccessAssociatedSignalMessageInSignalHandler)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CanAccessAssociatedSignalMessageInSignalHandler)
 {
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
-    waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal);
+    waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal);
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->m_signalMsg, NotNull());
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->m_signalMemberName, Eq("simpleSignal"));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->m_signalMsg, NotNull());
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->m_signalName, Eq(std::string("simpleSignal")));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, UnregistersSignalHandler)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, UnregistersSignalHandler)
 {
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(m_proxy->unregisterSimpleSignalHandler());
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(this->m_proxy->unregisterSimpleSignalHandler());
 
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
-    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal, 2s));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal, 1s));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, UnregistersSignalHandlerForSomeProxies)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, UnregistersSignalHandlerForSomeProxies)
 {
-    auto proxy1 = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*s_adaptorConnection, BUS_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
-    auto proxy2 = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*s_adaptorConnection, BUS_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
+    auto proxy1 = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*this->s_adaptorConnection, SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
+    auto proxy2 = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*this->s_adaptorConnection, SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
 
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(m_proxy->unregisterSimpleSignalHandler());
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(this->m_proxy->unregisterSimpleSignalHandler());
 
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(proxy1->m_gotSimpleSignal));
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(proxy2->m_gotSimpleSignal));
-    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal, 2s));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal, 1s));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, ReRegistersSignalHandler)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, ReRegistersSignalHandler)
 {
     // unregister simple-signal handler
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(m_proxy->unregisterSimpleSignalHandler());
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(this->m_proxy->unregisterSimpleSignalHandler());
 
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
-    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal, 2s));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal, 1s));
 
     // re-register simple-signal handler
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(m_proxy->reRegisterSimpleSignalHandler());
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(this->m_proxy->reRegisterSimpleSignalHandler());
 
-    m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitSimpleSignal();
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(this->m_proxy->m_gotSimpleSignal));
 }

tests/integrationtests/DBusStandardInterfacesTests.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file DBusStandardInterfacesTests.cpp
  *
@@ -48,237 +48,297 @@ using ::testing::SizeIs;
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
 using namespace sdbus::test;
 
-using SdbusTestObject = TestFixture;
-
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 /* --          TEST CASES           -- */
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, PingsViaPeerInterface)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, PingsViaPeerInterface)
 {
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(m_proxy->Ping());
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(this->m_proxy->Ping());
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, AnswersMachineUuidViaPeerInterface)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, AnswersMachineUuidViaPeerInterface)
 {
     if (::access("/etc/machine-id", F_OK) == -1 &&
         ::access("/var/lib/dbus/machine-id", F_OK) == -1)
         GTEST_SKIP() << "/etc/machine-id and /var/lib/dbus/machine-id files do not exist, GetMachineId() will not work";
 
-    ASSERT_NO_THROW(m_proxy->GetMachineId());
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(this->m_proxy->GetMachineId());
 }
 
 // TODO: Adjust expected xml and uncomment this test
-//TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, AnswersXmlApiDescriptionViaIntrospectableInterface)
+//TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, AnswersXmlApiDescriptionViaIntrospectableInterface)
 //{
-//    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->Introspect(), Eq(m_adaptor->getExpectedXmlApiDescription()));
+//    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->Introspect(), Eq(this->m_adaptor->getExpectedXmlApiDescription()));
 //}
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, GetsPropertyViaPropertiesInterface)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsPropertyViaPropertiesInterface)
 {
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->Get(INTERFACE_NAME, "state").get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->Get(INTERFACE_NAME, "state").template get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, GetsPropertyAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterface)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsPropertyAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterface)
 {
     std::promise<std::string> promise;
     auto future = promise.get_future();
 
-    m_proxy->GetAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, "state", [&](const sdbus::Error* err, sdbus::Variant value)
+    this->m_proxy->GetAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, "state", [&](std::optional<sdbus::Error> err, sdbus::Variant value)
     {
-        if (err == nullptr)
+        if (!err)
            promise.set_value(value.get<std::string>());
         else
-           promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*err));
+           promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*std::move(err)));
     });
 
     ASSERT_THAT(future.get(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, GetsPropertyAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterfaceWithFuture)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsPropertyAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterfaceWithFuture)
 {
-    auto future = m_proxy->GetAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, "state", sdbus::with_future);
+    auto future = this->m_proxy->GetAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, "state", sdbus::with_future);
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(future.get().get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
+    ASSERT_THAT(future.get().template get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, SetsPropertyViaPropertiesInterface)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, SetsPropertyViaPropertiesInterface)
 {
     uint32_t newActionValue = 2345;
 
-    m_proxy->Set(INTERFACE_NAME, "action", sdbus::Variant{newActionValue});
+    this->m_proxy->Set(INTERFACE_NAME, "action", sdbus::Variant{newActionValue});
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->action(), Eq(newActionValue));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->action(), Eq(newActionValue));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, SetsPropertyAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterface)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, SetsPropertyAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterface)
 {
     uint32_t newActionValue = 2346;
     std::promise<void> promise;
     auto future = promise.get_future();
 
-    m_proxy->SetAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, "action", sdbus::Variant{newActionValue}, [&](const sdbus::Error* err)
+    this->m_proxy->SetAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, "action", sdbus::Variant{newActionValue}, [&](std::optional<sdbus::Error> err)
     {
-        if (err == nullptr)
+        if (!err)
             promise.set_value();
         else
-            promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*err));
+            promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*std::move(err)));
     });
 
     ASSERT_NO_THROW(future.get());
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->action(), Eq(newActionValue));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->action(), Eq(newActionValue));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, SetsPropertyAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterfaceWithFuture)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, CancelsAsynchronousPropertySettingViaPropertiesInterface)
+{
+    uint32_t newActionValue = 2346;
+    std::promise<void> promise;
+    auto future = promise.get_future();
+
+    {
+        auto slot = this->m_proxy->SetAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, "action", sdbus::Variant{newActionValue}, [&](std::optional<sdbus::Error> err)
+        {
+            if (!err)
+                promise.set_value();
+            else
+                promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*std::move(err)));
+        }, sdbus::return_slot);
+        // Now the slot is destroyed, cancelling the async call
+    }
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(future.wait_for(300ms), Eq(std::future_status::timeout));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, SetsPropertyAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterfaceWithFuture)
 {
     uint32_t newActionValue = 2347;
 
-    auto future = m_proxy->SetAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, "action", sdbus::Variant{newActionValue}, sdbus::with_future);
+    auto future = this->m_proxy->SetAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, "action", sdbus::Variant{newActionValue}, sdbus::with_future);
 
     ASSERT_NO_THROW(future.get());
-    ASSERT_THAT(m_proxy->action(), Eq(newActionValue));
+    ASSERT_THAT(this->m_proxy->action(), Eq(newActionValue));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, GetsAllPropertiesViaPropertiesInterface)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsAllPropertiesViaPropertiesInterface)
 {
-    const auto properties = m_proxy->GetAll(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    const auto properties = this->m_proxy->GetAll(INTERFACE_NAME);
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(properties, SizeIs(3));
-    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at("state").get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
-    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at("action").get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
-    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at("blocking").get<bool>(), Eq(DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
+    ASSERT_THAT(properties, SizeIs(4));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(STATE_PROPERTY).template get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(ACTION_PROPERTY).template get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(ACTION_VARIANT_PROPERTY).template get<sdbus::Variant>().template get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VARIANT_VALUE));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(BLOCKING_PROPERTY).template get<bool>(), Eq(DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, GetsAllPropertiesAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterface)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsAllPropertiesAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterface)
 {
-    std::promise<std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>> promise;
+    std::promise<std::map<sdbus::PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>> promise;
     auto future = promise.get_future();
 
-    m_proxy->GetAllAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, [&](const sdbus::Error* err, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> value)
+    this->m_proxy->GetAllAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, [&](std::optional<sdbus::Error> err, std::map<sdbus::PropertyName, sdbus::Variant> value)
     {
-        if (err == nullptr)
+        if (!err)
             promise.set_value(std::move(value));
         else
-            promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*err));
+            promise.set_exception(std::make_exception_ptr(*std::move(err)));
     });
     const auto properties = future.get();
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(properties, SizeIs(3));
-    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at("state").get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
-    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at("action").get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
-    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at("blocking").get<bool>(), Eq(DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
+    ASSERT_THAT(properties, SizeIs(4));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(STATE_PROPERTY).get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(ACTION_PROPERTY).get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(ACTION_VARIANT_PROPERTY).template get<sdbus::Variant>().template get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VARIANT_VALUE));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(BLOCKING_PROPERTY).get<bool>(), Eq(DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, GetsAllPropertiesAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterfaceWithFuture)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsAllPropertiesAsynchronouslyViaPropertiesInterfaceWithFuture)
 {
-    auto future = m_proxy->GetAllAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, sdbus::with_future);
+    auto future = this->m_proxy->GetAllAsync(INTERFACE_NAME, sdbus::with_future);
 
     auto properties = future.get();
 
-    ASSERT_THAT(properties, SizeIs(3));
-    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at("state").get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
-    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at("action").get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
-    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at("blocking").get<bool>(), Eq(DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
+    ASSERT_THAT(properties, SizeIs(4));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(STATE_PROPERTY).template get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(ACTION_PROPERTY).template get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(ACTION_VARIANT_PROPERTY).template get<sdbus::Variant>().template get<std::string>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VARIANT_VALUE));
+    EXPECT_THAT(properties.at(BLOCKING_PROPERTY).template get<bool>(), Eq(DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsPropertyChangedSignalForSelectedProperties)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsPropertyChangedSignalForSelectedProperties)
 {
     std::atomic<bool> signalReceived{false};
-    m_proxy->m_onPropertiesChangedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                                             , const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
-                                                             , const std::vector<std::string>& /*invalidatedProperties*/ )
+    this->m_proxy->m_onPropertiesChangedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                                                   , const std::map<sdbus::PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
+                                                                   , const std::vector<sdbus::PropertyName>& /*invalidatedProperties*/ )
     {
         EXPECT_THAT(interfaceName, Eq(INTERFACE_NAME));
         EXPECT_THAT(changedProperties, SizeIs(1));
-        EXPECT_THAT(changedProperties.at("blocking").get<bool>(), Eq(!DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
+        EXPECT_THAT(changedProperties.at(BLOCKING_PROPERTY).get<bool>(), Eq(!DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
         signalReceived = true;
     };
 
-    m_proxy->blocking(!DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE);
-    m_proxy->action(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE*2);
-    m_adaptor->emitPropertiesChangedSignal(INTERFACE_NAME, {"blocking"});
+    this->m_proxy->blocking(!DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE);
+    this->m_proxy->action(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE*2);
+    this->m_adaptor->emitPropertiesChangedSignal(INTERFACE_NAME, {BLOCKING_PROPERTY});
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(signalReceived));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsPropertyChangedSignalForAllProperties)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsPropertyChangedSignalForAllProperties)
 {
     std::atomic<bool> signalReceived{false};
-    m_proxy->m_onPropertiesChangedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                                             , const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
-                                                             , const std::vector<std::string>& invalidatedProperties )
+    this->m_proxy->m_onPropertiesChangedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                                                   , const std::map<sdbus::PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
+                                                                   , const std::vector<sdbus::PropertyName>& invalidatedProperties )
     {
         EXPECT_THAT(interfaceName, Eq(INTERFACE_NAME));
         EXPECT_THAT(changedProperties, SizeIs(1));
-        EXPECT_THAT(changedProperties.at("blocking").get<bool>(), Eq(DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
+        EXPECT_THAT(changedProperties.at(BLOCKING_PROPERTY).get<bool>(), Eq(DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE));
         ASSERT_THAT(invalidatedProperties, SizeIs(1));
         EXPECT_THAT(invalidatedProperties[0], Eq("action"));
         signalReceived = true;
     };
 
-    m_adaptor->emitPropertiesChangedSignal(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    this->m_adaptor->emitPropertiesChangedSignal(INTERFACE_NAME);
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(signalReceived));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, GetsZeroManagedObjectsIfHasNoSubPathObjects)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsZeroManagedObjectsIfHasNoSubPathObjects)
 {
-    m_adaptor.reset();
-    const auto objectsInterfacesAndProperties = m_objectManagerProxy->GetManagedObjects();
+    this->m_adaptor.reset();
+    const auto objectsInterfacesAndProperties = this->m_objectManagerProxy->GetManagedObjects();
 
     ASSERT_THAT(objectsInterfacesAndProperties, SizeIs(0));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, GetsManagedObjectsSuccessfully)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsManagedObjectsSuccessfully)
 {
-    auto adaptor2 = std::make_unique<TestAdaptor>(*s_adaptorConnection, OBJECT_PATH_2);
-    const auto objectsInterfacesAndProperties = m_objectManagerProxy->GetManagedObjects();
+    auto adaptor2 = std::make_unique<TestAdaptor>(*this->s_adaptorConnection, OBJECT_PATH_2);
+    const auto objectsInterfacesAndProperties = this->m_objectManagerProxy->GetManagedObjects();
 
     ASSERT_THAT(objectsInterfacesAndProperties, SizeIs(2));
     EXPECT_THAT(objectsInterfacesAndProperties.at(OBJECT_PATH)
-        .at(org::sdbuscpp::integrationtests_adaptor::INTERFACE_NAME)
-        .at("action").get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
+        .at(sdbus::InterfaceName{org::sdbuscpp::integrationtests_adaptor::INTERFACE_NAME})
+        .at(ACTION_PROPERTY).template get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
     EXPECT_THAT(objectsInterfacesAndProperties.at(OBJECT_PATH_2)
-        .at(org::sdbuscpp::integrationtests_adaptor::INTERFACE_NAME)
-        .at("action").get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
+        .at(sdbus::InterfaceName{org::sdbuscpp::integrationtests_adaptor::INTERFACE_NAME})
+        .at(ACTION_PROPERTY).template get<uint32_t>(), Eq(DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesAddedSignalForSelectedObjectInterfaces)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsManagedObjectsAsynchronously)
+{
+    std::promise<size_t> promise;
+    auto future = promise.get_future();
+    auto adaptor2 = std::make_unique<TestAdaptor>(*this->s_adaptorConnection, OBJECT_PATH_2);
+
+    this->m_objectManagerProxy->GetManagedObjectsAsync([&](std::optional<sdbus::Error> /*err*/, const std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<sdbus::PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>>& objectsInterfacesAndProperties)
+    {
+        promise.set_value(objectsInterfacesAndProperties.size());
+    });
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(future.get(), Eq(2));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsManagedObjectsAsynchronouslyViaSlotReturningOverload)
+{
+    std::promise<size_t> promise;
+    auto future = promise.get_future();
+    auto adaptor2 = std::make_unique<TestAdaptor>(*this->s_adaptorConnection, OBJECT_PATH_2);
+
+    auto slot = this->m_objectManagerProxy->GetManagedObjectsAsync([&](std::optional<sdbus::Error> /*err*/, const std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<sdbus::PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>>& objectsInterfacesAndProperties)
+    {
+        promise.set_value(objectsInterfacesAndProperties.size());
+    }, sdbus::return_slot);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(future.get(), Eq(2));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, GetsManagedObjectsAsynchronouslyViaFutureOverload)
+{
+    auto adaptor2 = std::make_unique<TestAdaptor>(*this->s_adaptorConnection, OBJECT_PATH_2);
+
+    auto future = this->m_objectManagerProxy->GetManagedObjectsAsync(sdbus::with_future);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(future.get().size(), Eq(2));
+}
+
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesAddedSignalForSelectedObjectInterfaces)
 {
     std::atomic<bool> signalReceived{false};
-    m_objectManagerProxy->m_onInterfacesAddedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-            , const std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties )
+    this->m_objectManagerProxy->m_onInterfacesAddedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                                              , const std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<sdbus::PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties )
     {
         EXPECT_THAT(objectPath, Eq(OBJECT_PATH));
         EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties, SizeIs(1));
         EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties.count(INTERFACE_NAME), Eq(1));
 #if LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION<=244
         // Up to sd-bus v244, all properties are added to the list, i.e. `state', `action', and `blocking' in this case.
-        EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME), SizeIs(3));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("state"));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("action"));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("blocking"));
+        EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME), SizeIs(4));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(STATE_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(ACTION_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(ACTION_VARIANT_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(BLOCKING_PROPERTY));
 #else
         // Since v245 sd-bus does not add to the InterfacesAdded signal message the values of properties marked only
         // for invalidation on change, which makes the behavior consistent with the PropertiesChangedSignal.
         // So in this specific instance, `action' property is no more added to the list.
-        EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME), SizeIs(2));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("state"));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("blocking"));
+        EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME), SizeIs(3));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(STATE_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(BLOCKING_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(ACTION_VARIANT_PROPERTY));
 #endif
         signalReceived = true;
     };
 
-    m_adaptor->emitInterfacesAddedSignal({INTERFACE_NAME});
+    this->m_adaptor->emitInterfacesAddedSignal({INTERFACE_NAME});
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(signalReceived));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesAddedSignalForAllObjectInterfaces)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesAddedSignalForAllObjectInterfaces)
 {
     std::atomic<bool> signalReceived{false};
-    m_objectManagerProxy->m_onInterfacesAddedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-            , const std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties )
+    this->m_objectManagerProxy->m_onInterfacesAddedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                                              , const std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<sdbus::PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties )
     {
         EXPECT_THAT(objectPath, Eq(OBJECT_PATH));
 #if LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION<=250
@@ -290,31 +350,33 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesAddedSignalForAllObjectInterfaces)
 #endif
 #if LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION<=244
         // Up to sd-bus v244, all properties are added to the list, i.e. `state', `action', and `blocking' in this case.
-        EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME), SizeIs(3));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("state"));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("action"));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("blocking"));
+        EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME), SizeIs(4));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(STATE_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(ACTION_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(ACTION_VARIANT_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(BLOCKING_PROPERTY));
 #else
         // Since v245 sd-bus does not add to the InterfacesAdded signal message the values of properties marked only
         // for invalidation on change, which makes the behavior consistent with the PropertiesChangedSignal.
         // So in this specific instance, `action' property is no more added to the list.
-        EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME), SizeIs(2));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("state"));
-        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count("blocking"));
+        EXPECT_THAT(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME), SizeIs(3));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(STATE_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(BLOCKING_PROPERTY));
+        EXPECT_TRUE(interfacesAndProperties.at(INTERFACE_NAME).count(ACTION_VARIANT_PROPERTY));
 #endif
         signalReceived = true;
     };
 
-    m_adaptor->emitInterfacesAddedSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitInterfacesAddedSignal();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(signalReceived));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesRemovedSignalForSelectedObjectInterfaces)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesRemovedSignalForSelectedObjectInterfaces)
 {
     std::atomic<bool> signalReceived{false};
-    m_objectManagerProxy->m_onInterfacesRemovedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-                                                                          , const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces )
+    this->m_objectManagerProxy->m_onInterfacesRemovedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                                                , const std::vector<sdbus::InterfaceName>& interfaces )
     {
         EXPECT_THAT(objectPath, Eq(OBJECT_PATH));
         ASSERT_THAT(interfaces, SizeIs(1));
@@ -322,16 +384,16 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesRemovedSignalForSelectedObjectInterfaces)
         signalReceived = true;
     };
 
-    m_adaptor->emitInterfacesRemovedSignal({INTERFACE_NAME});
+    this->m_adaptor->emitInterfacesRemovedSignal({INTERFACE_NAME});
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(signalReceived));
 }
 
-TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesRemovedSignalForAllObjectInterfaces)
+TYPED_TEST(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesRemovedSignalForAllObjectInterfaces)
 {
     std::atomic<bool> signalReceived{false};
-    m_objectManagerProxy->m_onInterfacesRemovedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
-                                                                          , const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces )
+    this->m_objectManagerProxy->m_onInterfacesRemovedHandler = [&signalReceived]( const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath
+                                                                                , const std::vector<sdbus::InterfaceName>& interfaces )
     {
         EXPECT_THAT(objectPath, Eq(OBJECT_PATH));
 #if LIBSYSTEMD_VERSION<=250
@@ -344,7 +406,7 @@ TEST_F(SdbusTestObject, EmitsInterfacesRemovedSignalForAllObjectInterfaces)
         signalReceived = true;
     };
 
-    m_adaptor->emitInterfacesRemovedSignal();
+    this->m_adaptor->emitInterfacesRemovedSignal();
 
     ASSERT_TRUE(waitUntil(signalReceived));
 }

tests/integrationtests/Defs.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Defs.h
  *
@@ -34,12 +34,16 @@
 
 namespace sdbus { namespace test {
 
-const std::string INTERFACE_NAME{"org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests"};
-const std::string BUS_NAME = INTERFACE_NAME;
-const std::string EMPTY_DESTINATION;
-const std::string MANAGER_PATH {"/org/sdbuscpp/integrationtests"};
-const std::string OBJECT_PATH  {"/org/sdbuscpp/integrationtests/ObjectA1"};
-const std::string OBJECT_PATH_2{"/org/sdbuscpp/integrationtests/ObjectB1"};
+const InterfaceName INTERFACE_NAME{"org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests"};
+const ServiceName SERVICE_NAME{"org.sdbuscpp.integrationtests"};
+const ServiceName EMPTY_DESTINATION;
+const ObjectPath MANAGER_PATH {"/org/sdbuscpp/integrationtests"};
+const ObjectPath OBJECT_PATH  {"/org/sdbuscpp/integrationtests/ObjectA1"};
+const ObjectPath OBJECT_PATH_2{"/org/sdbuscpp/integrationtests/ObjectB1"};
+const PropertyName STATE_PROPERTY{"state"};
+const PropertyName ACTION_PROPERTY{"action"};
+const PropertyName ACTION_VARIANT_PROPERTY{"actionVariant"};
+const PropertyName BLOCKING_PROPERTY{"blocking"};
 const std::string DIRECT_CONNECTION_SOCKET_PATH{std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / "sdbus-cpp-direct-connection-test"};
 
 constexpr const uint8_t UINT8_VALUE{1};
@@ -49,12 +53,13 @@ constexpr const int32_t INT32_VALUE{-42};
 constexpr const int32_t INT64_VALUE{-1024};
 
 const std::string STRING_VALUE{"sdbus-c++-testing"};
-const sdbus::Signature SIGNATURE_VALUE{"a{is}"};
-const sdbus::ObjectPath OBJECT_PATH_VALUE{"/"};
+const Signature SIGNATURE_VALUE{"a{is}"};
+const ObjectPath OBJECT_PATH_VALUE{"/"};
 const int UNIX_FD_VALUE = 0;
 
 const std::string DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE{"default-state-value"};
 const uint32_t DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE{999};
+const std::string DEFAULT_ACTION_VARIANT_VALUE{"ahoj"};
 const bool DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE{true};
 
 constexpr const double DOUBLE_VALUE{3.24L};

tests/integrationtests/TestAdaptor.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file TestAdaptor.cpp
  *
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@
 
 namespace sdbus { namespace test {
 
-TestAdaptor::TestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, const std::string& path) :
-    AdaptorInterfaces(connection, path)
+TestAdaptor::TestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath path) :
+    AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(path))
 {
     registerAdaptor();
 }
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ std::vector<int16_t> TestAdaptor::getInts16FromStruct(const sdbus::Struct<uint8_
     return res;
 }
 
-sdbus::Variant TestAdaptor::processVariant(const sdbus::Variant& v)
+sdbus::Variant TestAdaptor::processVariant(const std::variant<int32_t, double, std::string>& v)
 {
-    sdbus::Variant res{static_cast<int32_t>(v.get<double>())};
+    sdbus::Variant res{static_cast<int32_t>(std::get<double>(v))};
     return res;
 }
 
@@ -122,16 +122,24 @@ uint32_t TestAdaptor::doOperation(const uint32_t& param)
 {
     std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(param));
 
-    m_methodCallMsg = getObject().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage();
-    m_methodCallMemberName = m_methodCallMsg->getMemberName();
+    m_methodCallMsg = std::make_unique<const Message>(getObject().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage());
+    m_methodName = m_methodCallMsg->getMemberName();
 
     return param;
 }
 
+std::map<int32_t, std::string> TestAdaptor::doOperationWithLargeData(const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeParam)
+{
+    m_methodCallMsg = std::make_unique<const Message>(getObject().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage());
+    m_methodName = m_methodCallMsg->getMemberName();
+
+    return largeParam;
+}
+
 void TestAdaptor::doOperationAsync(sdbus::Result<uint32_t>&& result, uint32_t param)
 {
-    m_methodCallMsg = getObject().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage();
-    m_methodCallMemberName = m_methodCallMsg->getMemberName();
+    m_methodCallMsg = std::make_unique<const Message>(getObject().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage());
+    m_methodName = m_methodCallMsg->getMemberName();
 
     if (param == 0)
     {
@@ -149,6 +157,27 @@ void TestAdaptor::doOperationAsync(sdbus::Result<uint32_t>&& result, uint32_t pa
     }
 }
 
+void TestAdaptor::doOperationAsyncWithLargeData(sdbus::Result<std::map<int32_t, std::string>>&& result, uint32_t param, const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeMap)
+{
+    m_methodCallMsg = std::make_unique<const Message>(getObject().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage());
+    m_methodName = m_methodCallMsg->getMemberName();
+
+    if (param == 0)
+    {
+        // Don't sleep and return the result from this thread
+        result.returnResults(largeMap);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Process asynchronously in another thread and return the result from there
+        std::thread([param, largeMap, result = std::move(result)]()
+                    {
+                        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(param));
+                        result.returnResults(largeMap);
+                    }).detach();
+    }
+}
+
 sdbus::Signature TestAdaptor::getSignature()
 {
     return SIGNATURE_VALUE;
@@ -173,7 +202,7 @@ std::unordered_map<uint64_t, sdbus::Struct<std::map<uint8_t, std::vector<sdbus::
                         23,  // uint8_t
                         {   // vector
                             {   // struct
-                                    "/object/path", // object path
+                                    sdbus::ObjectPath{"/object/path"}, // object path
                                     false,
                                     Variant{3.14},
                                     {   // map
@@ -183,7 +212,7 @@ std::unordered_map<uint64_t, sdbus::Struct<std::map<uint8_t, std::vector<sdbus::
                         }
                     }
                 },
-                "a{t(a{ya(obva{is})}gs)}", // signature
+                sdbus::Signature{"a{t(a{ya(obva{is})}gs)}"}, // signature
                 std::string{}
             }
         }
@@ -212,6 +241,16 @@ void TestAdaptor::emitTwoSimpleSignals()
     emitSignalWithMap({});
 }
 
+void TestAdaptor::sendLargeMessage(const std::map<int, std::string>& /*collection*/)
+{
+    //printf("Adaptor: got collection with %zu items", collection.size());
+}
+
+std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> TestAdaptor::returnDictionary(const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& dict)
+{
+    return dict;
+}
+
 std::string TestAdaptor::state()
 {
     return m_state;
@@ -227,6 +266,16 @@ void TestAdaptor::action(const uint32_t& value)
     m_action = value;
 }
 
+sdbus::Variant TestAdaptor::actionVariant()
+{
+    return m_actionVariant;
+}
+
+void TestAdaptor::actionVariant(const sdbus::Variant& value)
+{
+    m_actionVariant = value;
+}
+
 bool TestAdaptor::blocking()
 {
     return m_blocking;
@@ -234,7 +283,7 @@ bool TestAdaptor::blocking()
 
 void TestAdaptor::blocking(const bool& value)
 {
-    m_propertySetMsg = getObject().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage();
+    m_propertySetMsg = std::make_unique<const Message>(getObject().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage());
     m_propertySetSender = m_propertySetMsg->getSender();
 
     m_blocking = value;

tests/integrationtests/TestAdaptor.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file TestAdaptor.h
  *
@@ -33,13 +33,14 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <utility>
+#include <memory>
 
 namespace sdbus { namespace test {
 
 class ObjectManagerTestAdaptor final : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces< sdbus::ObjectManager_adaptor >
 {
 public:
-    ObjectManagerTestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string path) :
+    ObjectManagerTestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath path) :
         AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(path))
     {
         registerAdaptor();
@@ -56,7 +57,7 @@ class TestAdaptor final : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp::integr
                                                          , sdbus::ManagedObject_adaptor >
 {
 public:
-    TestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, const std::string& path);
+    TestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath path);
     ~TestAdaptor();
 
 protected:
@@ -66,13 +67,15 @@ protected:
     double multiply(const int64_t& a, const double& b) override;
     void multiplyWithNoReply(const int64_t& a, const double& b) override;
     std::vector<int16_t> getInts16FromStruct(const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, int16_t, double, std::string, std::vector<int16_t>>& arg0) override;
-    sdbus::Variant processVariant(const sdbus::Variant& variant) override;
+    sdbus::Variant processVariant(const std::variant<int32_t, double, std::string>& variant) override;
     std::map<int32_t, sdbus::Variant> getMapOfVariants(const std::vector<int32_t>& x, const sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Variant, sdbus::Variant>& y) override;
     sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<std::map<int32_t, int32_t>>> getStructInStruct() override;
     int32_t sumStructItems(const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, uint16_t>& arg0, const sdbus::Struct<int32_t, int64_t>& arg1) override;
     uint32_t sumArrayItems(const std::vector<uint16_t>& arg0, const std::array<uint64_t, 3>& arg1) override;
     uint32_t doOperation(const uint32_t& arg0) override;
+    std::map<int32_t, std::string> doOperationWithLargeData(const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeParam) override;
     void doOperationAsync(sdbus::Result<uint32_t>&& result, uint32_t arg0) override;
+    void doOperationAsyncWithLargeData(sdbus::Result<std::map<int32_t, std::string>>&& result, uint32_t arg0, const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeParam) override;
     sdbus::Signature getSignature() override;
     sdbus::ObjectPath getObjPath() override;
     sdbus::UnixFd getUnixFd() override;
@@ -81,9 +84,13 @@ protected:
     void throwErrorWithNoReply() override;
     void doPrivilegedStuff() override;
     void emitTwoSimpleSignals() override;
+    void sendLargeMessage(const std::map<int, std::string>& collection) override;
+    std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> returnDictionary(const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& dict) override;
 
     uint32_t action() override;
     void action(const uint32_t& value) override;
+    sdbus::Variant actionVariant() override;
+    void actionVariant(const sdbus::Variant& value) override;
     bool blocking() override;
     void blocking(const bool& value) override;
     std::string state() override;
@@ -96,6 +103,7 @@ private:
     const std::string m_state{DEFAULT_STATE_VALUE};
     uint32_t m_action{DEFAULT_ACTION_VALUE};
     bool m_blocking{DEFAULT_BLOCKING_VALUE};
+    sdbus::Variant m_actionVariant{"ahoj"};
 
 public: // for tests
     // For dont-expect-reply method call verifications
@@ -103,9 +111,9 @@ public: // for tests
     mutable double m_multiplyResult{};
     mutable std::atomic<bool> m_wasThrowErrorCalled{false};
 
-    const Message* m_methodCallMsg{};
-    std::string m_methodCallMemberName;
-    const Message* m_propertySetMsg{};
+    std::unique_ptr<const Message> m_methodCallMsg;
+    MethodName m_methodName;
+    std::unique_ptr<const Message> m_propertySetMsg;
     std::string m_propertySetSender;
 };
 
@@ -114,7 +122,9 @@ class DummyTestAdaptor final : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp::i
                                                               , sdbus::ManagedObject_adaptor >
 {
 public:
-    DummyTestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, const std::string& path) : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, path) {}
+    DummyTestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath path)
+        : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(path))
+    {}
 
 protected:
     void noArgNoReturn() override {}
@@ -123,13 +133,15 @@ protected:
     double multiply(const int64_t&, const double&) override { return {}; }
     void multiplyWithNoReply(const int64_t&, const double&) override {}
     std::vector<int16_t> getInts16FromStruct(const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, int16_t, double, std::string, std::vector<int16_t>>&) override { return {}; }
-    sdbus::Variant processVariant(const sdbus::Variant&) override { return {}; }
+    sdbus::Variant processVariant(const std::variant<int32_t, double, std::string>&) override { return {}; }
     std::map<int32_t, sdbus::Variant> getMapOfVariants(const std::vector<int32_t>&, const sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Variant, sdbus::Variant>&) override { return {}; }
     sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<std::map<int32_t, int32_t>>> getStructInStruct() override { return {}; }
     int32_t sumStructItems(const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, uint16_t>&, const sdbus::Struct<int32_t, int64_t>&) override { return {}; }
     uint32_t sumArrayItems(const std::vector<uint16_t>&, const std::array<uint64_t, 3>&) override { return {}; }
     uint32_t doOperation(const uint32_t&) override { return {}; }
+    std::map<int32_t, std::string> doOperationWithLargeData(const std::map<int32_t, std::string>&) override { return {}; }
     void doOperationAsync(sdbus::Result<uint32_t>&&, uint32_t) override {}
+    void doOperationAsyncWithLargeData(sdbus::Result<std::map<int32_t, std::string>>&&, uint32_t, const std::map<int32_t, std::string>&) override {}
     sdbus::Signature getSignature() override { return {}; }
     sdbus::ObjectPath getObjPath() override { return {}; }
     sdbus::UnixFd getUnixFd() override { return {}; }
@@ -138,9 +150,13 @@ protected:
     void throwErrorWithNoReply() override {}
     void doPrivilegedStuff() override {}
     void emitTwoSimpleSignals() override {}
+    void sendLargeMessage(const std::map<int, std::string>&) override {}
+    std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> returnDictionary(const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>&) override { return {}; }
 
     uint32_t action() override { return {}; }
     void action(const uint32_t&) override {}
+    sdbus::Variant actionVariant() override { return {}; }
+    void actionVariant(const sdbus::Variant&) override {}
     bool blocking() override { return {}; }
     void blocking(const bool&) override {}
     std::string state() override { return {}; }

tests/integrationtests/TestFixture.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
- * @file TestAdaptor.cpp
+ * @file TestFixture.cpp
  *
  * Created on: May 23, 2020
  * Project: sdbus-c++
@@ -28,7 +28,17 @@
 
 namespace sdbus { namespace test {
 
-std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> TestFixture::s_adaptorConnection = sdbus::createSystemBusConnection();
-std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> TestFixture::s_proxyConnection = sdbus::createSystemBusConnection();
+std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> BaseTestFixture::s_adaptorConnection = sdbus::createBusConnection();
+std::unique_ptr<sdbus::IConnection> BaseTestFixture::s_proxyConnection = sdbus::createBusConnection();
+
+#ifndef SDBUS_basu // sd_event integration is not supported in basu-based sdbus-c++
+
+std::thread TestFixture<SdEventLoop>::s_adaptorEventLoopThread{};
+std::thread TestFixture<SdEventLoop>::s_proxyEventLoopThread{};
+sd_event *TestFixture<SdEventLoop>::s_adaptorSdEvent{};
+sd_event *TestFixture<SdEventLoop>::s_proxySdEvent{};
+int TestFixture<SdEventLoop>::s_eventExitFd{-1};
+
+#endif // SDBUS_basu
 
 }}

tests/integrationtests/TestFixture.h

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
- * @file TestAdaptor.h
+ * @file TestFixture.h
  *
  * Created on: Jan 2, 2017
  * Project: sdbus-c++
@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#ifndef SDBUS_basu // sd_event integration is not supported in basu-based sdbus-c++
+#include <systemd/sd-event.h>
+#endif // SDBUS_basu
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
 
 #include <thread>
 #include <chrono>
@@ -46,29 +50,26 @@
 
 namespace sdbus { namespace test {
 
-class TestFixture : public ::testing::Test
+inline const uint32_t ANY_UNSIGNED_NUMBER{123};
+
+class BaseTestFixture : public ::testing::Test
 {
 public:
     static void SetUpTestCase()
     {
-        s_proxyConnection->enterEventLoopAsync();
-        s_adaptorConnection->requestName(BUS_NAME);
-        s_adaptorConnection->enterEventLoopAsync();
-        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50)); // Give time for the proxy connection to start listening to signals
+        s_adaptorConnection->requestName(SERVICE_NAME);
     }
 
     static void TearDownTestCase()
     {
-        s_adaptorConnection->releaseName(BUS_NAME);
-        s_adaptorConnection->leaveEventLoop();
-        s_proxyConnection->leaveEventLoop();
+        s_adaptorConnection->releaseName(SERVICE_NAME);
     }
 
 private:
     void SetUp() override
     {
-        m_objectManagerProxy = std::make_unique<ObjectManagerTestProxy>(*s_proxyConnection, BUS_NAME, MANAGER_PATH);
-        m_proxy = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*s_proxyConnection, BUS_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
+        m_objectManagerProxy = std::make_unique<ObjectManagerTestProxy>(*s_proxyConnection, SERVICE_NAME, MANAGER_PATH);
+        m_proxy = std::make_unique<TestProxy>(*s_proxyConnection, SERVICE_NAME, OBJECT_PATH);
 
         m_objectManagerAdaptor = std::make_unique<ObjectManagerTestAdaptor>(*s_adaptorConnection, MANAGER_PATH);
         m_adaptor = std::make_unique<TestAdaptor>(*s_adaptorConnection, OBJECT_PATH);
@@ -89,6 +90,108 @@ public:
     std::unique_ptr<TestProxy> m_proxy;
 };
 
+struct SdBusCppLoop{};
+struct SdEventLoop{};
+
+template <typename _EventLoop>
+class TestFixture : public BaseTestFixture{};
+
+// Fixture working upon internal sdbus-c++ event loop
+template <>
+class TestFixture<SdBusCppLoop> : public BaseTestFixture
+{
+public:
+    static void SetUpTestCase()
+    {
+        BaseTestFixture::SetUpTestCase();
+        s_proxyConnection->enterEventLoopAsync();
+        s_adaptorConnection->enterEventLoopAsync();
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50)); // Give time for the proxy connection to start listening to signals
+    }
+
+    static void TearDownTestCase()
+    {
+        BaseTestFixture::TearDownTestCase();
+        s_adaptorConnection->leaveEventLoop();
+        s_proxyConnection->leaveEventLoop();
+    }
+};
+
+#ifndef SDBUS_basu // sd_event integration is not supported in basu-based sdbus-c++
+
+// Fixture working upon attached external sd-event loop
+template <>
+class TestFixture<SdEventLoop> : public BaseTestFixture
+{
+public:
+    static void SetUpTestCase()
+    {
+        sd_event_new(&s_adaptorSdEvent);
+        sd_event_new(&s_proxySdEvent);
+
+        s_adaptorConnection->attachSdEventLoop(s_adaptorSdEvent);
+        s_proxyConnection->attachSdEventLoop(s_proxySdEvent);
+
+        s_eventExitFd = eventfd(0, EFD_CLOEXEC | EFD_NONBLOCK);
+        auto exitHandler = [](sd_event_source *s, auto...){ return sd_event_exit(sd_event_source_get_event(s), 0); };
+        sd_event_add_io(s_adaptorSdEvent, nullptr, s_eventExitFd, EPOLLIN, exitHandler, nullptr);
+        sd_event_add_io(s_proxySdEvent, nullptr, s_eventExitFd, EPOLLIN, exitHandler, nullptr);
+
+        s_adaptorEventLoopThread = std::thread([]()
+        {
+            sd_event_loop(s_adaptorSdEvent);
+        });
+        s_proxyEventLoopThread = std::thread([]()
+        {
+            sd_event_loop(s_proxySdEvent);
+        });
+
+        BaseTestFixture::SetUpTestCase();
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(50)); // Give time for the proxy connection to start listening to signals
+    }
+
+    static void TearDownTestCase()
+    {
+        (void)eventfd_write(s_eventExitFd, 1);
+
+        s_adaptorEventLoopThread.join();
+        s_proxyEventLoopThread.join();
+
+        sd_event_unref(s_adaptorSdEvent);
+        sd_event_unref(s_proxySdEvent);
+        close(s_eventExitFd);
+
+        BaseTestFixture::TearDownTestCase();
+    }
+
+private:
+    static std::thread s_adaptorEventLoopThread;
+    static std::thread s_proxyEventLoopThread;
+    static sd_event *s_adaptorSdEvent;
+    static sd_event *s_proxySdEvent;
+    static int s_eventExitFd;
+};
+
+typedef ::testing::Types<SdBusCppLoop, SdEventLoop> EventLoopTags;
+
+#else // SDBUS_basu
+typedef ::testing::Types<SdBusCppLoop> EventLoopTags;
+#endif // SDBUS_basu
+
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE(TestFixture, EventLoopTags);
+
+template <typename _EventLoop>
+using SdbusTestObject = TestFixture<_EventLoop>;
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE(SdbusTestObject, EventLoopTags);
+
+template <typename _EventLoop>
+using AsyncSdbusTestObject = TestFixture<_EventLoop>;
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE(AsyncSdbusTestObject, EventLoopTags);
+
+template <typename _EventLoop>
+using AConnection = TestFixture<_EventLoop>;
+TYPED_TEST_SUITE(AConnection, EventLoopTags);
+
 class TestFixtureWithDirectConnection : public ::testing::Test
 {
 private:

tests/integrationtests/TestProxy.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
- * @file TestAdaptor.cpp
+ * @file TestProxy.cpp
  *
  * Created on: May 23, 2020
  * Project: sdbus-c++
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 namespace sdbus { namespace test {
 
-TestProxy::TestProxy(std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+TestProxy::TestProxy(ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath)
     : ProxyInterfaces(std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath))
 {
     getProxy().uponSignal("signalWithoutRegistration").onInterface(sdbus::test::INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Signature>>& s){ this->onSignalWithoutRegistration(s); });
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ TestProxy::TestProxy(std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
     registerProxy();
 }
 
-TestProxy::TestProxy(std::string destination, std::string objectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t)
+TestProxy::TestProxy(ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t)
     : ProxyInterfaces(std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath), dont_run_event_loop_thread)
 {
     // It doesn't make sense to register any signals here since proxy upon a D-Bus connection with no event loop thread
     // will not receive any incoming messages except replies to synchronous D-Bus calls.
 }
 
-TestProxy::TestProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+TestProxy::TestProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath)
     : ProxyInterfaces(connection, std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath))
 {
     getProxy().uponSignal("signalWithoutRegistration").onInterface(sdbus::test::INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Signature>>& s){ this->onSignalWithoutRegistration(s); });
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ TestProxy::~TestProxy()
 
 void TestProxy::onSimpleSignal()
 {
-    m_signalMsg = getProxy().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage();
-    m_signalMemberName = m_signalMsg->getMemberName();
+    m_signalMsg = std::make_unique<sdbus::Message>(getProxy().getCurrentlyProcessedMessage());
+    m_signalName = m_signalMsg->getMemberName();
 
     m_gotSimpleSignal = true;
 }
@@ -81,25 +81,26 @@ void TestProxy::onSignalWithVariant(const sdbus::Variant& aVariant)
 
 void TestProxy::onSignalWithoutRegistration(const sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Signature>>& s)
 {
+    // Static cast to std::string is a workaround for gcc 11.4 false positive warning (which later gcc versions nor Clang emit)
     m_signatureFromSignal[std::get<0>(s)] = static_cast<std::string>(std::get<0>(std::get<1>(s)));
     m_gotSignalWithSignature = true;
 }
 
-void TestProxy::onDoOperationReply(uint32_t returnValue, const sdbus::Error* error)
+void TestProxy::onDoOperationReply(uint32_t returnValue, std::optional<sdbus::Error> error)
 {
     if (m_DoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler)
         m_DoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler(returnValue, error);
 }
 
-void TestProxy::onPropertiesChanged( const std::string& interfaceName
-                                   , const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
-                                   , const std::vector<std::string>& invalidatedProperties )
+void TestProxy::onPropertiesChanged( const sdbus::InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                                   , const std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
+                                   , const std::vector<PropertyName>& invalidatedProperties )
 {
     if (m_onPropertiesChangedHandler)
         m_onPropertiesChangedHandler(interfaceName, changedProperties, invalidatedProperties);
 }
 
-void TestProxy::installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler(std::function<void(uint32_t res, const sdbus::Error* err)> handler)
+void TestProxy::installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler(std::function<void(uint32_t res, std::optional<sdbus::Error> err)> handler)
 {
     m_DoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler = std::move(handler);
 }
@@ -112,17 +113,38 @@ uint32_t TestProxy::doOperationWithTimeout(const std::chrono::microseconds &time
     return result;
 }
 
+MethodReply TestProxy::doOperationOnBasicAPILevel(uint32_t param)
+{
+    auto methodCall = getProxy().createMethodCall(test::INTERFACE_NAME, MethodName{"doOperation"});
+    methodCall << param;
+
+    m_methodCallMsg = std::make_unique<MethodCall>(methodCall);
+
+    return getProxy().callMethod(methodCall);
+}
+
 sdbus::PendingAsyncCall TestProxy::doOperationClientSideAsync(uint32_t param)
 {
     return getProxy().callMethodAsync("doOperation")
                      .onInterface(sdbus::test::INTERFACE_NAME)
                      .withArguments(param)
-                     .uponReplyInvoke([this](const sdbus::Error* error, uint32_t returnValue)
+                     .uponReplyInvoke([this](std::optional<sdbus::Error> error, uint32_t returnValue)
                                       {
-                                          this->onDoOperationReply(returnValue, error);
+                                          this->onDoOperationReply(returnValue, std::move(error));
                                       });
 }
 
+Slot TestProxy::doOperationClientSideAsync(uint32_t param, sdbus::return_slot_t)
+{
+    return getProxy().callMethodAsync("doOperation")
+                     .onInterface(sdbus::test::INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(param)
+                     .uponReplyInvoke([this](std::optional<sdbus::Error> error, uint32_t returnValue)
+                                      {
+                                          this->onDoOperationReply(returnValue, std::move(error));
+                                      }, sdbus::return_slot);
+}
+
 std::future<uint32_t> TestProxy::doOperationClientSideAsync(uint32_t param, with_future_t)
 {
     return getProxy().callMethodAsync("doOperation")
@@ -133,19 +155,27 @@ std::future<uint32_t> TestProxy::doOperationClientSideAsync(uint32_t param, with
 
 std::future<MethodReply> TestProxy::doOperationClientSideAsyncOnBasicAPILevel(uint32_t param)
 {
-    auto methodCall = getProxy().createMethodCall(sdbus::test::INTERFACE_NAME, "doOperation");
+    auto methodCall = getProxy().createMethodCall(sdbus::test::INTERFACE_NAME, sdbus::MethodName{"doOperation"});
     methodCall << param;
 
-    return getProxy().callMethod(methodCall, sdbus::with_future);
+    return getProxy().callMethodAsync(methodCall, sdbus::with_future);
+}
+
+std::future<std::map<int32_t, std::string>> TestProxy::doOperationWithLargeDataClientSideAsync(const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeParam, with_future_t)
+{
+    return getProxy().callMethodAsync("doOperationWithLargeData")
+                     .onInterface(sdbus::test::INTERFACE_NAME)
+                     .withArguments(largeParam)
+                     .getResultAsFuture<std::map<int32_t, std::string>>();
 }
 
 void TestProxy::doErroneousOperationClientSideAsync()
 {
     getProxy().callMethodAsync("throwError")
               .onInterface(sdbus::test::INTERFACE_NAME)
-              .uponReplyInvoke([this](const sdbus::Error* error)
+              .uponReplyInvoke([this](std::optional<sdbus::Error> error)
                                {
-                                   this->onDoOperationReply(0, error);
+                                   this->onDoOperationReply(0, std::move(error));
                                });
 }
 
@@ -163,9 +193,9 @@ void TestProxy::doOperationClientSideAsyncWithTimeout(const std::chrono::microse
               .onInterface(sdbus::test::INTERFACE_NAME)
               .withTimeout(timeout)
               .withArguments(param)
-              .uponReplyInvoke([this](const sdbus::Error* error, uint32_t returnValue)
+              .uponReplyInvoke([this](std::optional<sdbus::Error> error, uint32_t returnValue)
                                {
-                                   this->onDoOperationReply(returnValue, error);
+                                   this->onDoOperationReply(returnValue, std::move(error));
                                });
 }
 
@@ -178,8 +208,9 @@ int32_t TestProxy::callNonexistentMethod()
 
 int32_t TestProxy::callMethodOnNonexistentInterface()
 {
+    sdbus::InterfaceName nonexistentInterfaceName{"sdbuscpp.interface.that.does.not.exist"};
     int32_t result;
-    getProxy().callMethod("someMethod").onInterface("sdbuscpp.interface.that.does.not.exist").storeResultsTo(result);
+    getProxy().callMethod("someMethod").onInterface(nonexistentInterfaceName).storeResultsTo(result);
     return result;
 }
 

tests/integrationtests/TestProxy.h

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
- * @file TestAdaptor.h
+ * @file TestProxy.h
  *
  * Created on: Jan 2, 2017
  * Project: sdbus-c++
@@ -33,13 +33,14 @@
 #include <chrono>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <future>
+#include <memory>
 
 namespace sdbus { namespace test {
 
 class ObjectManagerTestProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces< sdbus::ObjectManager_proxy >
 {
 public:
-    ObjectManagerTestProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+    ObjectManagerTestProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath)
         : ProxyInterfaces(connection, std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath))
     {
         registerProxy();
@@ -50,21 +51,21 @@ public:
         unregisterProxy();
     }
 protected:
-    void onInterfacesAdded(const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath, const std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties) override
+    void onInterfacesAdded(const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath, const std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>& interfacesAndProperties) override
     {
         if (m_onInterfacesAddedHandler)
             m_onInterfacesAddedHandler(objectPath, interfacesAndProperties);
     }
 
-    void onInterfacesRemoved(const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath, const std::vector<std::string>& interfaces) override
+    void onInterfacesRemoved(const sdbus::ObjectPath& objectPath, const std::vector<sdbus::InterfaceName>& interfaces) override
     {
         if (m_onInterfacesRemovedHandler)
             m_onInterfacesRemovedHandler(objectPath, interfaces);
     }
 
 public: // for tests
-    std::function<void(const sdbus::ObjectPath&, const std::map<std::string, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>&)> m_onInterfacesAddedHandler;
-    std::function<void(const sdbus::ObjectPath&, const std::vector<std::string>&)> m_onInterfacesRemovedHandler;
+    std::function<void(const sdbus::ObjectPath&, const std::map<sdbus::InterfaceName, std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>>&)> m_onInterfacesAddedHandler;
+    std::function<void(const sdbus::ObjectPath&, const std::vector<sdbus::InterfaceName>&)> m_onInterfacesRemovedHandler;
 };
 
 class TestProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp::integrationtests_proxy
@@ -73,9 +74,9 @@ class TestProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp::integratio
                                                      , sdbus::Properties_proxy >
 {
 public:
-    TestProxy(std::string destination, std::string objectPath);
-    TestProxy(std::string destination, std::string objectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t);
-    TestProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath);
+    TestProxy(ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath);
+    TestProxy(ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath, dont_run_event_loop_thread_t);
+    TestProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath);
     ~TestProxy();
 
 protected:
@@ -84,18 +85,21 @@ protected:
     void onSignalWithVariant(const sdbus::Variant& aVariant) override;
 
     void onSignalWithoutRegistration(const sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Signature>>& s);
-    void onDoOperationReply(uint32_t returnValue, const sdbus::Error* error);
+    void onDoOperationReply(uint32_t returnValue, std::optional<sdbus::Error> error);
 
     // Signals of standard D-Bus interfaces
-    void onPropertiesChanged( const std::string& interfaceName
-                            , const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
-                            , const std::vector<std::string>& invalidatedProperties ) override;
+    void onPropertiesChanged( const sdbus::InterfaceName& interfaceName
+                            , const std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>& changedProperties
+                            , const std::vector<PropertyName>& invalidatedProperties ) override;
 
 public:
-    void installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler(std::function<void(uint32_t res, const sdbus::Error* err)> handler);
+    void installDoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler(std::function<void(uint32_t res, std::optional<sdbus::Error> err)> handler);
     uint32_t doOperationWithTimeout(const std::chrono::microseconds &timeout, uint32_t param);
+    MethodReply doOperationOnBasicAPILevel(uint32_t param);
     sdbus::PendingAsyncCall doOperationClientSideAsync(uint32_t param);
+    [[nodiscard]] sdbus::Slot doOperationClientSideAsync(uint32_t param, sdbus::return_slot_t);
     std::future<uint32_t> doOperationClientSideAsync(uint32_t param, with_future_t);
+    std::future<std::map<int32_t, std::string>> doOperationWithLargeDataClientSideAsync(const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeParam, with_future_t);
     std::future<MethodReply> doOperationClientSideAsyncOnBasicAPILevel(uint32_t param);
     std::future<void> doErroneousOperationClientSideAsync(with_future_t);
     void doErroneousOperationClientSideAsync();
@@ -113,13 +117,14 @@ public: // for tests
     std::atomic<bool> m_gotSignalWithVariant{false};
     double m_variantFromSignal;
     std::atomic<bool> m_gotSignalWithSignature{false};
-    std::map<std::string, std::string> m_signatureFromSignal;
+    std::map<std::string, Signature> m_signatureFromSignal;
 
-    std::function<void(uint32_t res, const sdbus::Error* err)> m_DoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler;
-    std::function<void(const std::string&, const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>&, const std::vector<std::string>&)> m_onPropertiesChangedHandler;
+    std::function<void(uint32_t res, std::optional<sdbus::Error> err)> m_DoOperationClientSideAsyncReplyHandler;
+    std::function<void(const sdbus::InterfaceName&, const std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>&, const std::vector<PropertyName>&)> m_onPropertiesChangedHandler;
 
-    const Message* m_signalMsg{};
-    std::string m_signalMemberName;
+    std::unique_ptr<const MethodCall> m_methodCallMsg;
+    std::unique_ptr<const Message> m_signalMsg;
+    SignalName m_signalName;
 };
 
 class DummyTestProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp::integrationtests_proxy
@@ -128,7 +133,7 @@ class DummyTestProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp::integ
                                                           , sdbus::Properties_proxy >
 {
 public:
-    DummyTestProxy(std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+    DummyTestProxy(ServiceName destination, ObjectPath objectPath)
         : ProxyInterfaces(destination, objectPath)
     {
     }
@@ -139,10 +144,10 @@ protected:
     void onSignalWithVariant(const sdbus::Variant&) override {}
 
     void onSignalWithoutRegistration(const sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Signature>>&) {}
-    void onDoOperationReply(uint32_t, const sdbus::Error*) {}
+    void onDoOperationReply(uint32_t, std::optional<sdbus::Error>) {}
 
     // Signals of standard D-Bus interfaces
-    void onPropertiesChanged( const std::string&, const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>&, const std::vector<std::string>& ) override {}
+    void onPropertiesChanged(const InterfaceName&, const std::map<PropertyName, sdbus::Variant>&, const std::vector<PropertyName>&) override {}
 };
 
 }}

tests/integrationtests/integrationtests-adaptor.h

@@ -20,59 +20,69 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     integrationtests_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-        : object_(&object)
+        : m_object(object)
     {
-        object_->setInterfaceFlags(INTERFACE_NAME).markAsDeprecated().withPropertyUpdateBehavior(sdbus::Flags::EMITS_NO_SIGNAL);
-        object_->registerMethod("noArgNoReturn").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).implementedAs([this](){ return this->noArgNoReturn(); });
-        object_->registerMethod("getInt").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("anInt").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getInt(); });
-        object_->registerMethod("getTuple").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("arg0", "arg1").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getTuple(); });
-        object_->registerMethod("multiply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("a", "b").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](const int64_t& a, const double& b){ return this->multiply(a, b); });
-        object_->registerMethod("multiplyWithNoReply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("a", "b").implementedAs([this](const int64_t& a, const double& b){ return this->multiplyWithNoReply(a, b); }).markAsDeprecated().withNoReply();
-        object_->registerMethod("getInts16FromStruct").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("arg0").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, int16_t, double, std::string, std::vector<int16_t>>& arg0){ return this->getInts16FromStruct(arg0); });
-        object_->registerMethod("processVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("variant").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](const sdbus::Variant& variant){ return this->processVariant(variant); });
-        object_->registerMethod("getMapOfVariants").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("x", "y").withOutputParamNames("aMapOfVariants").implementedAs([this](const std::vector<int32_t>& x, const sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Variant, sdbus::Variant>& y){ return this->getMapOfVariants(x, y); });
-        object_->registerMethod("getStructInStruct").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("aMapOfVariants").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getStructInStruct(); });
-        object_->registerMethod("sumStructItems").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("arg0", "arg1").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, uint16_t>& arg0, const sdbus::Struct<int32_t, int64_t>& arg1){ return this->sumStructItems(arg0, arg1); });
-        object_->registerMethod("sumArrayItems").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("arg0", "arg1").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](const std::vector<uint16_t>& arg0, const std::array<uint64_t, 3>& arg1){ return this->sumArrayItems(arg0, arg1); });
-        object_->registerMethod("doOperation").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("arg0").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](const uint32_t& arg0){ return this->doOperation(arg0); });
-        object_->registerMethod("doOperationAsync").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("arg0").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](sdbus::Result<uint32_t>&& result, uint32_t arg0){ this->doOperationAsync(std::move(result), std::move(arg0)); });
-        object_->registerMethod("getSignature").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getSignature(); });
-        object_->registerMethod("getObjPath").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getObjPath(); });
-        object_->registerMethod("getUnixFd").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getUnixFd(); });
-        object_->registerMethod("getComplex").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getComplex(); }).markAsDeprecated();
-        object_->registerMethod("throwError").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).implementedAs([this](){ return this->throwError(); });
-        object_->registerMethod("throwErrorWithNoReply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).implementedAs([this](){ return this->throwErrorWithNoReply(); }).withNoReply();
-        object_->registerMethod("doPrivilegedStuff").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).implementedAs([this](){ return this->doPrivilegedStuff(); }).markAsPrivileged();
-        object_->registerMethod("emitTwoSimpleSignals").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).implementedAs([this](){ return this->emitTwoSimpleSignals(); });
-        object_->registerSignal("simpleSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).markAsDeprecated();
-        object_->registerSignal("signalWithMap").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withParameters<std::map<int32_t, std::string>>("aMap");
-        object_->registerSignal("signalWithVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withParameters<sdbus::Variant>("aVariant");
-        object_->registerProperty("action").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withGetter([this](){ return this->action(); }).withSetter([this](const uint32_t& value){ this->action(value); }).withUpdateBehavior(sdbus::Flags::EMITS_INVALIDATION_SIGNAL);
-        object_->registerProperty("blocking").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withGetter([this](){ return this->blocking(); }).withSetter([this](const bool& value){ this->blocking(value); });
-        object_->registerProperty("state").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withGetter([this](){ return this->state(); }).markAsDeprecated().withUpdateBehavior(sdbus::Flags::CONST_PROPERTY_VALUE);
     }
 
     integrationtests_adaptor(const integrationtests_adaptor&) = delete;
     integrationtests_adaptor& operator=(const integrationtests_adaptor&) = delete;
-    integrationtests_adaptor(integrationtests_adaptor&&) = default;
-    integrationtests_adaptor& operator=(integrationtests_adaptor&&) = default;
+    integrationtests_adaptor(integrationtests_adaptor&&) = delete;
+    integrationtests_adaptor& operator=(integrationtests_adaptor&&) = delete;
 
     ~integrationtests_adaptor() = default;
 
+    void registerAdaptor()
+    {
+        m_object.addVTable( sdbus::setInterfaceFlags().markAsDeprecated().withPropertyUpdateBehavior(sdbus::Flags::EMITS_NO_SIGNAL)
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("noArgNoReturn").implementedAs([this](){ return this->noArgNoReturn(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("getInt").withOutputParamNames("anInt").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getInt(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("getTuple").withOutputParamNames("arg0", "arg1").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getTuple(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("multiply").withInputParamNames("a", "b").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](const int64_t& a, const double& b){ return this->multiply(a, b); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("multiplyWithNoReply").withInputParamNames("a", "b").implementedAs([this](const int64_t& a, const double& b){ return this->multiplyWithNoReply(a, b); }).markAsDeprecated().withNoReply()
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("getInts16FromStruct").withInputParamNames("arg0").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, int16_t, double, std::string, std::vector<int16_t>>& arg0){ return this->getInts16FromStruct(arg0); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("processVariant").withInputParamNames("variant").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](const std::variant<int32_t, double, std::string>& variant){ return this->processVariant(variant); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("getMapOfVariants").withInputParamNames("x", "y").withOutputParamNames("aMapOfVariants").implementedAs([this](const std::vector<int32_t>& x, const sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Variant, sdbus::Variant>& y){ return this->getMapOfVariants(x, y); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("getStructInStruct").withOutputParamNames("aMapOfVariants").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getStructInStruct(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("sumStructItems").withInputParamNames("arg0", "arg1").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, uint16_t>& arg0, const sdbus::Struct<int32_t, int64_t>& arg1){ return this->sumStructItems(arg0, arg1); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("sumArrayItems").withInputParamNames("arg0", "arg1").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](const std::vector<uint16_t>& arg0, const std::array<uint64_t, 3>& arg1){ return this->sumArrayItems(arg0, arg1); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("doOperation").withInputParamNames("arg0").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](const uint32_t& arg0){ return this->doOperation(arg0); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("doOperationWithLargeData").withInputParamNames("largeMap").withOutputParamNames("largeMap").implementedAs([this](const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeMap){ return this->doOperationWithLargeData(largeMap); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("doOperationAsync").withInputParamNames("arg0").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](sdbus::Result<uint32_t>&& result, uint32_t arg0){ this->doOperationAsync(std::move(result), std::move(arg0)); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("doOperationAsyncWithLargeData").withInputParamNames("arg0", "largeMap").withOutputParamNames("largeMap").implementedAs([this](sdbus::Result<std::map<int32_t, std::string>>&& result, uint32_t arg0, const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeMap){ this->doOperationAsyncWithLargeData(std::move(result), std::move(arg0), largeMap); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("getSignature").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getSignature(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("getObjPath").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getObjPath(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("getUnixFd").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getUnixFd(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("getComplex").withOutputParamNames("arg0").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getComplex(); }).markAsDeprecated()
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("throwError").implementedAs([this](){ return this->throwError(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("throwErrorWithNoReply").implementedAs([this](){ return this->throwErrorWithNoReply(); }).withNoReply()
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("doPrivilegedStuff").implementedAs([this](){ return this->doPrivilegedStuff(); }).markAsPrivileged()
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("emitTwoSimpleSignals").implementedAs([this](){ return this->emitTwoSimpleSignals(); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("sendLargeMessage").implementedAs([this](const std::map<int, std::string>& collection){ this->sendLargeMessage(collection); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("returnDictionary").implementedAs([this](const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& dictionary){ return this->returnDictionary(dictionary); })
+                          , sdbus::registerSignal("simpleSignal").markAsDeprecated()
+                          , sdbus::registerSignal("signalWithMap").withParameters<std::map<int32_t, std::string>>("aMap")
+                          , sdbus::registerSignal("signalWithVariant").withParameters<sdbus::Variant>("aVariant")
+                          , sdbus::registerProperty("action").withGetter([this](){ return this->action(); }).withSetter([this](const uint32_t& value){ this->action(value); }).withUpdateBehavior(sdbus::Flags::EMITS_INVALIDATION_SIGNAL)
+                          , sdbus::registerProperty("actionVariant").withGetter([this](){ return this->actionVariant(); }).withSetter([this](const sdbus::Variant& value){ this->actionVariant(value); }).withUpdateBehavior(sdbus::Flags::EMITS_NO_SIGNAL)
+                          , sdbus::registerProperty("blocking").withGetter([this](){ return this->blocking(); }).withSetter([this](const bool& value){ this->blocking(value); })
+                          , sdbus::registerProperty("state").withGetter([this](){ return this->state(); }).markAsDeprecated().withUpdateBehavior(sdbus::Flags::CONST_PROPERTY_VALUE)
+                          ).forInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    }
+
 public:
     void emitSimpleSignal()
     {
-        object_->emitSignal("simpleSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        m_object.emitSignal("simpleSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
     }
 
     void emitSignalWithMap(const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& aMap)
     {
-        object_->emitSignal("signalWithMap").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(aMap);
+        m_object.emitSignal("signalWithMap").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(aMap);
     }
 
     void emitSignalWithVariant(const sdbus::Variant& aVariant)
     {
-        object_->emitSignal("signalWithVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(aVariant);
+        m_object.emitSignal("signalWithVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(aVariant);
     }
 
 private:
@@ -82,13 +92,15 @@ private:
     virtual double multiply(const int64_t& a, const double& b) = 0;
     virtual void multiplyWithNoReply(const int64_t& a, const double& b) = 0;
     virtual std::vector<int16_t> getInts16FromStruct(const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, int16_t, double, std::string, std::vector<int16_t>>& arg0) = 0;
-    virtual sdbus::Variant processVariant(const sdbus::Variant& variant) = 0;
+    virtual sdbus::Variant processVariant(const std::variant<int32_t, double, std::string>& variant) = 0;
     virtual std::map<int32_t, sdbus::Variant> getMapOfVariants(const std::vector<int32_t>& x, const sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Variant, sdbus::Variant>& y) = 0;
     virtual sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<std::map<int32_t, int32_t>>> getStructInStruct() = 0;
     virtual int32_t sumStructItems(const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, uint16_t>& arg0, const sdbus::Struct<int32_t, int64_t>& arg1) = 0;
     virtual uint32_t sumArrayItems(const std::vector<uint16_t>& arg0, const std::array<uint64_t, 3>& arg1) = 0;
     virtual uint32_t doOperation(const uint32_t& arg0) = 0;
+    virtual std::map<int32_t, std::string> doOperationWithLargeData(const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeParam) = 0;
     virtual void doOperationAsync(sdbus::Result<uint32_t>&& result, uint32_t arg0) = 0;
+    virtual void doOperationAsyncWithLargeData(sdbus::Result<std::map<int32_t, std::string>>&& result, uint32_t arg0, const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeParam) = 0;
     virtual sdbus::Signature getSignature() = 0;
     virtual sdbus::ObjectPath getObjPath() = 0;
     virtual sdbus::UnixFd getUnixFd() = 0;
@@ -97,16 +109,20 @@ private:
     virtual void throwErrorWithNoReply() = 0;
     virtual void doPrivilegedStuff() = 0;
     virtual void emitTwoSimpleSignals() = 0;
+    virtual void sendLargeMessage(const std::map<int, std::string>& collection) = 0;
+    virtual std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> returnDictionary(const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& dict) = 0;
 
 private:
     virtual uint32_t action() = 0;
+    virtual sdbus::Variant actionVariant() = 0;
     virtual void action(const uint32_t& value) = 0;
+    virtual void actionVariant(const sdbus::Variant& value) = 0;
     virtual bool blocking() = 0;
     virtual void blocking(const bool& value) = 0;
     virtual std::string state() = 0;
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IObject* object_;
+    sdbus::IObject& m_object;
 };
 
 }} // namespaces

tests/integrationtests/integrationtests-proxy.h

@@ -20,20 +20,24 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     integrationtests_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-        : proxy_(&proxy)
+        : m_proxy(proxy)
     {
-        proxy_->uponSignal("simpleSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](){ this->onSimpleSignal(); });
-        proxy_->uponSignal("signalWithMap").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& aMap){ this->onSignalWithMap(aMap); });
-        proxy_->uponSignal("signalWithVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const sdbus::Variant& aVariant){ this->onSignalWithVariant(aVariant); });
     }
 
     integrationtests_proxy(const integrationtests_proxy&) = delete;
     integrationtests_proxy& operator=(const integrationtests_proxy&) = delete;
-    integrationtests_proxy(integrationtests_proxy&&) = default;
-    integrationtests_proxy& operator=(integrationtests_proxy&&) = default;
+    integrationtests_proxy(integrationtests_proxy&&) = delete;
+    integrationtests_proxy& operator=(integrationtests_proxy&&) = delete;
 
     ~integrationtests_proxy() = default;
 
+    void registerProxy()
+    {
+        simpleSignalSlot_ = m_proxy.uponSignal("simpleSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](){ this->onSimpleSignal(); }, sdbus::return_slot);
+        m_proxy.uponSignal("signalWithMap").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& aMap){ this->onSignalWithMap(aMap); });
+        m_proxy.uponSignal("signalWithVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const sdbus::Variant& aVariant){ this->onSignalWithVariant(aVariant); });
+    }
+
     virtual void onSimpleSignal() = 0;
     virtual void onSignalWithMap(const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& aMap) = 0;
     virtual void onSignalWithVariant(const sdbus::Variant& aVariant) = 0;
@@ -41,178 +45,214 @@ protected:
 public:
     void noArgNoReturn()
     {
-        proxy_->callMethod("noArgNoReturn").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("noArgNoReturn").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
     }
 
     int32_t getInt()
     {
         int32_t result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getInt").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getInt").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     std::tuple<uint32_t, std::string> getTuple()
     {
         std::tuple<uint32_t, std::string> result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getTuple").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getTuple").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     double multiply(const int64_t& a, const double& b)
     {
         double result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("multiply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(a, b).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("multiply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(a, b).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     void multiplyWithNoReply(const int64_t& a, const double& b)
     {
-        proxy_->callMethod("multiplyWithNoReply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(a, b).dontExpectReply();
+        m_proxy.callMethod("multiplyWithNoReply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(a, b).dontExpectReply();
     }
 
     std::vector<int16_t> getInts16FromStruct(const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, int16_t, double, std::string, std::vector<int16_t>>& arg0)
     {
         std::vector<int16_t> result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getInts16FromStruct").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getInts16FromStruct").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     sdbus::Variant processVariant(const sdbus::Variant& variant)
     {
         sdbus::Variant result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("processVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(variant).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("processVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(variant).storeResultsTo(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::variant<int32_t, double, std::string> processVariant(const std::variant<int32_t, double, std::string>& variant)
+    {
+        std::variant<int32_t, double, std::string> result;
+        m_proxy.callMethod("processVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(variant).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     std::map<int32_t, sdbus::Variant> getMapOfVariants(const std::vector<int32_t>& x, const sdbus::Struct<sdbus::Variant, sdbus::Variant>& y)
     {
         std::map<int32_t, sdbus::Variant> result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getMapOfVariants").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(x, y).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getMapOfVariants").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(x, y).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<std::map<int32_t, int32_t>>> getStructInStruct()
     {
         sdbus::Struct<std::string, sdbus::Struct<std::map<int32_t, int32_t>>> result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getStructInStruct").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getStructInStruct").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     int32_t sumStructItems(const sdbus::Struct<uint8_t, uint16_t>& arg0, const sdbus::Struct<int32_t, int64_t>& arg1)
     {
         int32_t result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("sumStructItems").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0, arg1).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("sumStructItems").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0, arg1).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     uint32_t sumArrayItems(const std::vector<uint16_t>& arg0, const std::array<uint64_t, 3>& arg1)
     {
         uint32_t result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("sumArrayItems").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0, arg1).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("sumArrayItems").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0, arg1).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     uint32_t doOperation(const uint32_t& arg0)
     {
         uint32_t result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("doOperation").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("doOperation").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0).storeResultsTo(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::map<int32_t, std::string> doOperationWithLargeData(const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeParam)
+    {
+        std::map<int32_t, std::string> result;
+        m_proxy.callMethod("doOperationWithLargeData").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(largeParam).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     uint32_t doOperationAsync(const uint32_t& arg0)
     {
         uint32_t result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("doOperationAsync").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("doOperationAsync").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0).storeResultsTo(result);
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::map<int32_t, std::string> doOperationAsyncWithLargeData(const uint32_t& arg0, const std::map<int32_t, std::string>& largeParam)
+    {
+        std::map<int32_t, std::string> result;
+        m_proxy.callMethod("doOperationAsyncWithLargeData").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(arg0, largeParam).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     sdbus::Signature getSignature()
     {
         sdbus::Signature result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getSignature").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getSignature").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     sdbus::ObjectPath getObjPath()
     {
         sdbus::ObjectPath result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getObjPath").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getObjPath").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     sdbus::UnixFd getUnixFd()
     {
         sdbus::UnixFd result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getUnixFd").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getUnixFd").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     std::map<uint64_t, sdbus::Struct<std::map<uint8_t, std::vector<sdbus::Struct<sdbus::ObjectPath, bool, sdbus::Variant, std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::string>>>>, sdbus::Signature, std::string>> getComplex()
     {
         std::map<uint64_t, sdbus::Struct<std::map<uint8_t, std::vector<sdbus::Struct<sdbus::ObjectPath, bool, sdbus::Variant, std::unordered_map<int32_t, std::string>>>>, sdbus::Signature, std::string>> result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getComplex").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getComplex").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     void throwError()
     {
-        proxy_->callMethod("throwError").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("throwError").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
     }
 
     void throwErrorWithNoReply()
     {
-        proxy_->callMethod("throwErrorWithNoReply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).dontExpectReply();
+        m_proxy.callMethod("throwErrorWithNoReply").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).dontExpectReply();
     }
 
     void doPrivilegedStuff()
     {
-        proxy_->callMethod("doPrivilegedStuff").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("doPrivilegedStuff").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
     }
 
     void emitTwoSimpleSignals()
     {
-        proxy_->callMethod("emitTwoSimpleSignals").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("emitTwoSimpleSignals").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    }
+
+    void sendLargeMessage(const std::map<int, std::string>& collection)
+    {
+        m_proxy.callMethod("sendLargeMessage").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(collection);
     }
 
     void unregisterSimpleSignalHandler()
     {
-        proxy_->muteSignal("simpleSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        simpleSignalSlot_.reset();
     }
 
     void reRegisterSimpleSignalHandler()
     {
-        proxy_->uponSignal("simpleSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](){ this->onSimpleSignal(); });
-        proxy_->finishRegistration();
+        simpleSignalSlot_ = m_proxy.uponSignal("simpleSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](){ this->onSimpleSignal(); }, sdbus::return_slot);
     }
 
 public:
     uint32_t action()
     {
-        return proxy_->getProperty("action").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        return m_proxy.getProperty("action").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).get<uint32_t>();
     }
 
     void action(const uint32_t& value)
     {
-        proxy_->setProperty("action").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).toValue(value);
+        m_proxy.setProperty("action").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).toValue(value);
+    }
+
+    sdbus::Variant actionVariant()
+    {
+        return m_proxy.getProperty("actionVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).get<sdbus::Variant>();
+    }
+
+    void actionVariant(const sdbus::Variant& value)
+    {
+        m_proxy.setProperty("actionVariant").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).toValue({value, sdbus::embed_variant});
     }
 
     bool blocking()
     {
-        return proxy_->getProperty("blocking").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        return m_proxy.getProperty("blocking").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).get<bool>();
     }
 
     void blocking(const bool& value)
     {
-        proxy_->setProperty("blocking").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).toValue(value);
+        m_proxy.setProperty("blocking").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).toValue(value);
     }
 
     std::string state()
     {
-        return proxy_->getProperty("state").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+        return m_proxy.getProperty("state").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).get<std::string>();
     }
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+    sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
+    sdbus::Slot simpleSignalSlot_;
 };
 
 }} // namespaces

tests/integrationtests/sdbus-c++-integration-tests.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file sdbus-c++-integration-tests.cpp
  *

tests/perftests/client.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * (C) 2019 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
+ * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file client.cpp
  *
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ uint64_t totalDuration = 0;
 class PerftestProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces<org::sdbuscpp::perftests_proxy>
 {
 public:
-    PerftestProxy(std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+    PerftestProxy(sdbus::ServiceName destination, sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath)
         : ProxyInterfaces(std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath))
     {
         registerProxy();
@@ -100,9 +101,9 @@ std::string createRandomString(size_t length)
 //-----------------------------------------
 int main(int /*argc*/, char */*argv*/[])
 {
-    const char* destinationName = "org.sdbuscpp.perftests";
-    const char* objectPath = "/org/sdbuscpp/perftests";
-    PerftestProxy client(destinationName, objectPath);
+    sdbus::ServiceName destination{"org.sdbuscpp.perftests"};
+    sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath{"/org/sdbuscpp/perftests"};
+    PerftestProxy client(std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath));
 
     const unsigned int repetitions{20};
     unsigned int msgCount = 1000;

tests/perftests/perftests-adaptor.h

@@ -20,24 +20,29 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     perftests_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-        : object_(&object)
+        : m_object(object)
     {
-        object_->registerMethod("sendDataSignals").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("numberOfSignals", "signalMsgSize").implementedAs([this](const uint32_t& numberOfSignals, const uint32_t& signalMsgSize){ return this->sendDataSignals(numberOfSignals, signalMsgSize); });
-        object_->registerMethod("concatenateTwoStrings").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("string1", "string2").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](const std::string& string1, const std::string& string2){ return this->concatenateTwoStrings(string1, string2); });
-        object_->registerSignal("dataSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withParameters<std::string>("data");
     }
 
     perftests_adaptor(const perftests_adaptor&) = delete;
     perftests_adaptor& operator=(const perftests_adaptor&) = delete;
-    perftests_adaptor(perftests_adaptor&&) = default;
-    perftests_adaptor& operator=(perftests_adaptor&&) = default;
+    perftests_adaptor(perftests_adaptor&&) = delete;
+    perftests_adaptor& operator=(perftests_adaptor&&) = delete;
 
     ~perftests_adaptor() = default;
 
+    void registerAdaptor()
+    {
+        m_object.addVTable( sdbus::registerMethod("sendDataSignals").withInputParamNames("numberOfSignals", "signalMsgSize").implementedAs([this](const uint32_t& numberOfSignals, const uint32_t& signalMsgSize){ return this->sendDataSignals(numberOfSignals, signalMsgSize); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("concatenateTwoStrings").withInputParamNames("string1", "string2").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](const std::string& string1, const std::string& string2){ return this->concatenateTwoStrings(string1, string2); })
+                          , sdbus::registerSignal("dataSignal").withParameters<std::string>("data")
+                          ).forInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    }
+
 public:
     void emitDataSignal(const std::string& data)
     {
-        object_->emitSignal("dataSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(data);
+        m_object.emitSignal("dataSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(data);
     }
 
 private:
@@ -45,7 +50,7 @@ private:
     virtual std::string concatenateTwoStrings(const std::string& string1, const std::string& string2) = 0;
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IObject* object_;
+    sdbus::IObject& m_object;
 };
 
 }} // namespaces

tests/perftests/perftests-proxy.h

@@ -20,35 +20,39 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     perftests_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-        : proxy_(&proxy)
+        : m_proxy(proxy)
     {
-        proxy_->uponSignal("dataSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const std::string& data){ this->onDataSignal(data); });
     }
 
     perftests_proxy(const perftests_proxy&) = delete;
     perftests_proxy& operator=(const perftests_proxy&) = delete;
-    perftests_proxy(perftests_proxy&&) = default;
-    perftests_proxy& operator=(perftests_proxy&&) = default;
+    perftests_proxy(perftests_proxy&&) = delete;
+    perftests_proxy& operator=(perftests_proxy&&) = delete;
 
     ~perftests_proxy() = default;
 
+    void registerProxy()
+    {
+        m_proxy.uponSignal("dataSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const std::string& data){ this->onDataSignal(data); });
+    }
+
     virtual void onDataSignal(const std::string& data) = 0;
 
 public:
     void sendDataSignals(const uint32_t& numberOfSignals, const uint32_t& signalMsgSize)
     {
-        proxy_->callMethod("sendDataSignals").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(numberOfSignals, signalMsgSize);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("sendDataSignals").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(numberOfSignals, signalMsgSize);
     }
 
     std::string concatenateTwoStrings(const std::string& string1, const std::string& string2)
     {
         std::string result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("concatenateTwoStrings").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(string1, string2).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("concatenateTwoStrings").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(string1, string2).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+    sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
 };
 
 }} // namespaces

tests/perftests/server.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * (C) 2019 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
+ * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file server.cpp
  *
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ std::string createRandomString(size_t length);
 class PerftestAdaptor final : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces<org::sdbuscpp::perftests_adaptor>
 {
 public:
-    PerftestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string objectPath)
+    PerftestAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath)
         : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(objectPath))
     {
         registerAdaptor();
@@ -91,11 +92,11 @@ std::string createRandomString(size_t length)
 //-----------------------------------------
 int main(int /*argc*/, char */*argv*/[])
 {
-    const char* serviceName = "org.sdbuscpp.perftests";
+    sdbus::ServiceName serviceName{"org.sdbuscpp.perftests"};
     auto connection = sdbus::createSystemBusConnection(serviceName);
 
-    const char* objectPath = "/org/sdbuscpp/perftests";
-    PerftestAdaptor server(*connection, objectPath);
+    sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath{"/org/sdbuscpp/perftests"};
+    PerftestAdaptor server(*connection, std::move(objectPath));
 
     connection->enterEventLoop();
 }

tests/stresstests/celsius-thermometer-adaptor.h

@@ -22,23 +22,27 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     thermometer_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-        : object_(&object)
+        : m_object(object)
     {
-        object_->registerMethod("getCurrentTemperature").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getCurrentTemperature(); });
     }
 
     thermometer_adaptor(const thermometer_adaptor&) = delete;
     thermometer_adaptor& operator=(const thermometer_adaptor&) = delete;
-    thermometer_adaptor(thermometer_adaptor&&) = default;
-    thermometer_adaptor& operator=(thermometer_adaptor&&) = default;
+    thermometer_adaptor(thermometer_adaptor&&) = delete;
+    thermometer_adaptor& operator=(thermometer_adaptor&&) = delete;
 
     ~thermometer_adaptor() = default;
 
+    void registerAdaptor()
+    {
+        m_object.addVTable(sdbus::registerMethod("getCurrentTemperature").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getCurrentTemperature(); })).forInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    }
+
 private:
     virtual uint32_t getCurrentTemperature() = 0;
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IObject* object_;
+    sdbus::IObject& m_object;
 };
 
 }}}} // namespaces

tests/stresstests/celsius-thermometer-proxy.h

@@ -22,27 +22,31 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     thermometer_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-        : proxy_(&proxy)
+        : m_proxy(proxy)
     {
     }
 
     thermometer_proxy(const thermometer_proxy&) = delete;
     thermometer_proxy& operator=(const thermometer_proxy&) = delete;
-    thermometer_proxy(thermometer_proxy&&) = default;
-    thermometer_proxy& operator=(thermometer_proxy&&) = default;
+    thermometer_proxy(thermometer_proxy&&) = delete;
+    thermometer_proxy& operator=(thermometer_proxy&&) = delete;
 
     ~thermometer_proxy() = default;
 
+    void registerProxy()
+    {
+    }
+
 public:
     uint32_t getCurrentTemperature()
     {
         uint32_t result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getCurrentTemperature").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getCurrentTemperature").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+    sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
 };
 
 }}}} // namespaces

tests/stresstests/concatenator-adaptor.h

@@ -21,30 +21,35 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     concatenator_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-        : object_(&object)
+        : m_object(object)
     {
-        object_->registerMethod("concatenate").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("params").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](sdbus::Result<std::string>&& result, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> params){ this->concatenate(std::move(result), std::move(params)); });
-        object_->registerSignal("concatenatedSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withParameters<std::string>("concatenatedString");
     }
 
     concatenator_adaptor(const concatenator_adaptor&) = delete;
     concatenator_adaptor& operator=(const concatenator_adaptor&) = delete;
-    concatenator_adaptor(concatenator_adaptor&&) = default;
-    concatenator_adaptor& operator=(concatenator_adaptor&&) = default;
+    concatenator_adaptor(concatenator_adaptor&&) = delete;
+    concatenator_adaptor& operator=(concatenator_adaptor&&) = delete;
 
     ~concatenator_adaptor() = default;
 
+    void registerAdaptor()
+    {
+        m_object.addVTable( sdbus::registerMethod("concatenate").withInputParamNames("params").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](sdbus::Result<std::string>&& result, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> params){ this->concatenate(std::move(result), std::move(params)); })
+                          , sdbus::registerSignal("concatenatedSignal").withParameters<std::string>("concatenatedString")
+                          ).forInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    }
+
 public:
     void emitConcatenatedSignal(const std::string& concatenatedString)
     {
-        object_->emitSignal("concatenatedSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(concatenatedString);
+        m_object.emitSignal("concatenatedSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(concatenatedString);
     }
 
 private:
     virtual void concatenate(sdbus::Result<std::string>&& result, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> params) = 0;
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IObject* object_;
+    sdbus::IObject& m_object;
 };
 
 }}} // namespaces

tests/stresstests/concatenator-proxy.h

@@ -21,30 +21,34 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     concatenator_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-        : proxy_(&proxy)
+        : m_proxy(proxy)
     {
-        proxy_->uponSignal("concatenatedSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const std::string& concatenatedString){ this->onConcatenatedSignal(concatenatedString); });
     }
 
     concatenator_proxy(const concatenator_proxy&) = delete;
     concatenator_proxy& operator=(const concatenator_proxy&) = delete;
-    concatenator_proxy(concatenator_proxy&&) = default;
-    concatenator_proxy& operator=(concatenator_proxy&&) = default;
+    concatenator_proxy(concatenator_proxy&&) = delete;
+    concatenator_proxy& operator=(concatenator_proxy&&) = delete;
 
     ~concatenator_proxy() = default;
 
+    void registerProxy()
+    {
+        m_proxy.uponSignal("concatenatedSignal").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).call([this](const std::string& concatenatedString){ this->onConcatenatedSignal(concatenatedString); });
+    }
+
     virtual void onConcatenatedSignal(const std::string& concatenatedString) = 0;
 
-    virtual void onConcatenateReply(const std::string& result, const sdbus::Error* error) = 0;
+    virtual void onConcatenateReply(const std::string& result, std::optional<sdbus::Error> error) = 0;
 
 public:
     sdbus::PendingAsyncCall concatenate(const std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>& params)
     {
-        return proxy_->callMethodAsync("concatenate").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(params).uponReplyInvoke([this](const sdbus::Error* error, const std::string& result){ this->onConcatenateReply(result, error); });
+        return m_proxy.callMethodAsync("concatenate").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(params).uponReplyInvoke([this](std::optional<sdbus::Error> error, const std::string& result){ this->onConcatenateReply(result, std::move(error)); });
     }
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+    sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
 };
 
 }}} // namespaces

tests/stresstests/fahrenheit-thermometer-adaptor.h

@@ -22,23 +22,27 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     thermometer_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-        : object_(&object)
+        : m_object(object)
     {
-        object_->registerMethod("getCurrentTemperature").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getCurrentTemperature(); });
     }
 
     thermometer_adaptor(const thermometer_adaptor&) = delete;
     thermometer_adaptor& operator=(const thermometer_adaptor&) = delete;
-    thermometer_adaptor(thermometer_adaptor&&) = default;
-    thermometer_adaptor& operator=(thermometer_adaptor&&) = default;
+    thermometer_adaptor(thermometer_adaptor&&) = delete;
+    thermometer_adaptor& operator=(thermometer_adaptor&&) = delete;
 
     ~thermometer_adaptor() = default;
 
+    void registerAdaptor()
+    {
+        m_object.addVTable(sdbus::registerMethod("getCurrentTemperature").withOutputParamNames("result").implementedAs([this](){ return this->getCurrentTemperature(); })).forInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    }
+
 private:
     virtual uint32_t getCurrentTemperature() = 0;
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IObject* object_;
+    sdbus::IObject& m_object;
 };
 
 }}}} // namespaces
@@ -56,25 +60,30 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     factory_adaptor(sdbus::IObject& object)
-        : object_(&object)
+        : m_object(object)
     {
-        object_->registerMethod("createDelegateObject").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withOutputParamNames("delegate").implementedAs([this](sdbus::Result<sdbus::ObjectPath>&& result){ this->createDelegateObject(std::move(result)); });
-        object_->registerMethod("destroyDelegateObject").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withInputParamNames("delegate").implementedAs([this](sdbus::Result<>&& result, sdbus::ObjectPath delegate){ this->destroyDelegateObject(std::move(result), std::move(delegate)); }).withNoReply();
     }
 
     factory_adaptor(const factory_adaptor&) = delete;
     factory_adaptor& operator=(const factory_adaptor&) = delete;
-    factory_adaptor(factory_adaptor&&) = default;
-    factory_adaptor& operator=(factory_adaptor&&) = default;
+    factory_adaptor(factory_adaptor&&) = delete;
+    factory_adaptor& operator=(factory_adaptor&&) = delete;
 
     ~factory_adaptor() = default;
 
+    void registerAdaptor()
+    {
+        m_object.addVTable( sdbus::registerMethod("createDelegateObject").withOutputParamNames("delegate").implementedAs([this](sdbus::Result<sdbus::ObjectPath>&& result){ this->createDelegateObject(std::move(result)); })
+                          , sdbus::registerMethod("destroyDelegateObject").withInputParamNames("delegate").implementedAs([this](sdbus::Result<>&& result, sdbus::ObjectPath delegate){ this->destroyDelegateObject(std::move(result), std::move(delegate)); }).withNoReply()
+                          ).forInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);
+    }
+
 private:
     virtual void createDelegateObject(sdbus::Result<sdbus::ObjectPath>&& result) = 0;
     virtual void destroyDelegateObject(sdbus::Result<>&& result, sdbus::ObjectPath delegate) = 0;
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IObject* object_;
+    sdbus::IObject& m_object;
 };
 
 }}}}} // namespaces

tests/stresstests/fahrenheit-thermometer-proxy.h

@@ -22,27 +22,31 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     thermometer_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-        : proxy_(&proxy)
+        : m_proxy(proxy)
     {
     }
 
     thermometer_proxy(const thermometer_proxy&) = delete;
     thermometer_proxy& operator=(const thermometer_proxy&) = delete;
-    thermometer_proxy(thermometer_proxy&&) = default;
-    thermometer_proxy& operator=(thermometer_proxy&&) = default;
+    thermometer_proxy(thermometer_proxy&&) = delete;
+    thermometer_proxy& operator=(thermometer_proxy&&) = delete;
 
     ~thermometer_proxy() = default;
 
+    void registerProxy()
+    {
+    }
+
 public:
     uint32_t getCurrentTemperature()
     {
         uint32_t result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("getCurrentTemperature").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("getCurrentTemperature").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+    sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
 };
 
 }}}} // namespaces
@@ -60,32 +64,36 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     factory_proxy(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)
-        : proxy_(&proxy)
+        : m_proxy(proxy)
     {
     }
 
     factory_proxy(const factory_proxy&) = delete;
     factory_proxy& operator=(const factory_proxy&) = delete;
-    factory_proxy(factory_proxy&&) = default;
-    factory_proxy& operator=(factory_proxy&&) = default;
+    factory_proxy(factory_proxy&&) = delete;
+    factory_proxy& operator=(factory_proxy&&) = delete;
 
     ~factory_proxy() = default;
 
+    void registerProxy()
+    {
+    }
+
 public:
     sdbus::ObjectPath createDelegateObject()
     {
         sdbus::ObjectPath result;
-        proxy_->callMethod("createDelegateObject").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
+        m_proxy.callMethod("createDelegateObject").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).storeResultsTo(result);
         return result;
     }
 
     void destroyDelegateObject(const sdbus::ObjectPath& delegate)
     {
-        proxy_->callMethod("destroyDelegateObject").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(delegate).dontExpectReply();
+        m_proxy.callMethod("destroyDelegateObject").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME).withArguments(delegate).dontExpectReply();
     }
 
 private:
-    sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;
+    sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;
 };
 
 }}}}} // namespaces

tests/stresstests/sdbus-c++-stress-tests.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /**
- * (C) 2019 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
+ * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file sdbus-c++-stress-tests.cpp
  *
@@ -45,30 +46,34 @@
 #include <queue>
 
 using namespace std::chrono_literals;
-using namespace std::string_literals;
 
-#define SERVICE_1_BUS_NAME "org.sdbuscpp.stresstests.service1"s
-#define SERVICE_2_BUS_NAME "org.sdbuscpp.stresstests.service2"s
-#define CELSIUS_THERMOMETER_OBJECT_PATH "/org/sdbuscpp/stresstests/celsius/thermometer"s
-#define FAHRENHEIT_THERMOMETER_OBJECT_PATH "/org/sdbuscpp/stresstests/fahrenheit/thermometer"s
-#define CONCATENATOR_OBJECT_PATH "/org/sdbuscpp/stresstests/concatenator"s
+const sdbus::ServiceName SERVICE_1_BUS_NAME{"org.sdbuscpp.stresstests.service1"};
+const sdbus::ServiceName SERVICE_2_BUS_NAME{"org.sdbuscpp.stresstests.service2"};
+const sdbus::ObjectPath CELSIUS_THERMOMETER_OBJECT_PATH{"/org/sdbuscpp/stresstests/celsius/thermometer"};
+const sdbus::ObjectPath FAHRENHEIT_THERMOMETER_OBJECT_PATH{"/org/sdbuscpp/stresstests/fahrenheit/thermometer"};
+const sdbus::ObjectPath CONCATENATOR_OBJECT_PATH{"/org/sdbuscpp/stresstests/concatenator"};
 
 class CelsiusThermometerAdaptor final : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces<org::sdbuscpp::stresstests::celsius::thermometer_adaptor>
 {
 public:
-    CelsiusThermometerAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string objectPath)
+    CelsiusThermometerAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath)
         : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(objectPath))
     {
         registerAdaptor();
     }
 
+    CelsiusThermometerAdaptor(const CelsiusThermometerAdaptor&) = delete;
+    CelsiusThermometerAdaptor& operator=(const CelsiusThermometerAdaptor&) = delete;
+    CelsiusThermometerAdaptor(CelsiusThermometerAdaptor&&) = delete;
+    CelsiusThermometerAdaptor& operator=(CelsiusThermometerAdaptor&&) = delete;
+
     ~CelsiusThermometerAdaptor()
     {
         unregisterAdaptor();
     }
 
 protected:
-    virtual uint32_t getCurrentTemperature() override
+    uint32_t getCurrentTemperature() override
     {
         return m_currentTemperature++;
     }
@@ -80,12 +85,17 @@ private:
 class CelsiusThermometerProxy : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces<org::sdbuscpp::stresstests::celsius::thermometer_proxy>
 {
 public:
-    CelsiusThermometerProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+    CelsiusThermometerProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ServiceName destination, sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath)
         : ProxyInterfaces(connection, std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath))
     {
         registerProxy();
     }
 
+    CelsiusThermometerProxy(const CelsiusThermometerProxy&) = delete;
+    CelsiusThermometerProxy& operator=(const CelsiusThermometerProxy&) = delete;
+    CelsiusThermometerProxy(CelsiusThermometerProxy&&) = delete;
+    CelsiusThermometerProxy& operator=(CelsiusThermometerProxy&&) = delete;
+
     ~CelsiusThermometerProxy()
     {
         unregisterProxy();
@@ -96,7 +106,7 @@ class FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor final : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces< org:
                                                                           , org::sdbuscpp::stresstests::fahrenheit::thermometer::factory_adaptor >
 {
 public:
-    FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string objectPath, bool isDelegate)
+    FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath, bool isDelegate)
         : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(objectPath))
         , celsiusProxy_(connection, SERVICE_2_BUS_NAME, CELSIUS_THERMOMETER_OBJECT_PATH)
     {
@@ -127,7 +137,7 @@ public:
                         {
                             // Create new delegate object
                             auto& connection = getObject().getConnection();
-                            sdbus::ObjectPath newObjectPath = FAHRENHEIT_THERMOMETER_OBJECT_PATH + "/" + std::to_string(request.objectNr);
+                            sdbus::ObjectPath newObjectPath{FAHRENHEIT_THERMOMETER_OBJECT_PATH + "/" + std::to_string(request.objectNr)};
 
                             // Here we are testing dynamic creation of a D-Bus object in an async way
                             auto adaptor = std::make_unique<FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor>(connection, newObjectPath, true);
@@ -152,6 +162,11 @@ public:
         registerAdaptor();
     }
 
+    FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor(const FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor&) = delete;
+    FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor& operator=(const FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor&) = delete;
+    FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor(FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor&&) = delete;
+    FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor& operator=(FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor&&) = delete;
+
     ~FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor()
     {
         exit_ = true;
@@ -163,24 +178,24 @@ public:
     }
 
 protected:
-    virtual uint32_t getCurrentTemperature() override
+    uint32_t getCurrentTemperature() override
     {
         // In this D-Bus call, make yet another D-Bus call to another service over the same connection
         return static_cast<uint32_t>(celsiusProxy_.getCurrentTemperature() * 1.8 + 32.);
     }
 
-    virtual void createDelegateObject(sdbus::Result<sdbus::ObjectPath>&& result) override
+    void createDelegateObject(sdbus::Result<sdbus::ObjectPath>&& result) override
     {
         static size_t objectCounter{};
         objectCounter++;
 
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
-        requests_.push(WorkItem{objectCounter, std::string{}, std::move(result)});
+        requests_.push(WorkItem{objectCounter, {}, std::move(result)});
         lock.unlock();
         cond_.notify_one();
     }
 
-    virtual void destroyDelegateObject(sdbus::Result<>&& /*result*/, sdbus::ObjectPath delegate) override
+    void destroyDelegateObject(sdbus::Result<>&& /*result*/, sdbus::ObjectPath delegate) override
     {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
         requests_.push(WorkItem{0, std::move(delegate), {}});
@@ -190,7 +205,7 @@ protected:
 
 private:
     CelsiusThermometerProxy celsiusProxy_;
-    std::map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor>> children_;
+    std::map<sdbus::ObjectPath, std::unique_ptr<FahrenheitThermometerAdaptor>> children_;
     std::mutex childrenMutex_;
 
     struct WorkItem
@@ -210,12 +225,17 @@ class FahrenheitThermometerProxy : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces< org::sdbuscpp:
                                                                 , org::sdbuscpp::stresstests::fahrenheit::thermometer::factory_proxy >
 {
 public:
-    FahrenheitThermometerProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+    FahrenheitThermometerProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ServiceName destination, sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath)
         : ProxyInterfaces(connection, std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath))
     {
         registerProxy();
     }
 
+    FahrenheitThermometerProxy(const FahrenheitThermometerProxy&) = delete;
+    FahrenheitThermometerProxy& operator=(const FahrenheitThermometerProxy&) = delete;
+    FahrenheitThermometerProxy(FahrenheitThermometerProxy&&) = delete;
+    FahrenheitThermometerProxy& operator=(FahrenheitThermometerProxy&&) = delete;
+
     ~FahrenheitThermometerProxy()
     {
         unregisterProxy();
@@ -225,7 +245,7 @@ public:
 class ConcatenatorAdaptor final : public sdbus::AdaptorInterfaces<org::sdbuscpp::stresstests::concatenator_adaptor>
 {
 public:
-    ConcatenatorAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string objectPath)
+    ConcatenatorAdaptor(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath)
         : AdaptorInterfaces(connection, std::move(objectPath))
     {
         unsigned int workers = std::thread::hardware_concurrency();
@@ -262,6 +282,11 @@ public:
         registerAdaptor();
     }
 
+    ConcatenatorAdaptor(const ConcatenatorAdaptor&) = delete;
+    ConcatenatorAdaptor& operator=(const ConcatenatorAdaptor&) = delete;
+    ConcatenatorAdaptor(ConcatenatorAdaptor&&) = delete;
+    ConcatenatorAdaptor& operator=(ConcatenatorAdaptor&&) = delete;
+
     ~ConcatenatorAdaptor()
     {
         exit_ = true;
@@ -273,7 +298,7 @@ public:
     }
 
 protected:
-    virtual void concatenate(sdbus::Result<std::string>&& result, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> params) override
+    void concatenate(sdbus::Result<std::string>&& result, std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> params) override
     {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
         requests_.push(WorkItem{std::move(params), std::move(result)});
@@ -297,42 +322,47 @@ private:
 class ConcatenatorProxy final : public sdbus::ProxyInterfaces<org::sdbuscpp::stresstests::concatenator_proxy>
 {
 public:
-    ConcatenatorProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, std::string destination, std::string objectPath)
+    ConcatenatorProxy(sdbus::IConnection& connection, sdbus::ServiceName destination, sdbus::ObjectPath objectPath)
         : ProxyInterfaces(connection, std::move(destination), std::move(objectPath))
     {
         registerProxy();
     }
 
+    ConcatenatorProxy(const ConcatenatorProxy&) = delete;
+    ConcatenatorProxy& operator=(const ConcatenatorProxy&) = delete;
+    ConcatenatorProxy(ConcatenatorProxy&&) = delete;
+    ConcatenatorProxy& operator=(ConcatenatorProxy&&) = delete;
+
     ~ConcatenatorProxy()
     {
         unregisterProxy();
     }
 
 private:
-    virtual void onConcatenateReply(const std::string& result, [[maybe_unused]] const sdbus::Error* error) override
+    void onConcatenateReply(const std::string& result, [[maybe_unused]] std::optional<sdbus::Error> error) override
     {
-        assert(error == nullptr);
+        assert(error == std::nullopt);
 
         std::stringstream str(result);
         std::string aString;
         str >> aString;
         assert(aString == "sdbus-c++-stress-tests");
 
-        uint32_t aNumber;
+        uint32_t aNumber{};
         str >> aNumber;
         assert(aNumber > 0);
 
         ++repliesReceived_;
     }
 
-    virtual void onConcatenatedSignal(const std::string& concatenatedString) override
+    void onConcatenatedSignal(const std::string& concatenatedString) override
     {
         std::stringstream str(concatenatedString);
         std::string aString;
         str >> aString;
         assert(aString == "sdbus-c++-stress-tests");
 
-        uint32_t aNumber;
+        uint32_t aNumber{};
         str >> aNumber;
         assert(aNumber > 0);
 
@@ -345,10 +375,10 @@ public:
 };
 
 //-----------------------------------------
-int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) // NOLINT(bugprone-exception-escape, readability-function-cognitive-complexity)
 {
-    long loops;
-    long loopDuration;
+    long loops{};
+    long loopDuration{};
 
     if (argc == 1)
     {
@@ -357,8 +387,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
     }
     else if (argc == 3)
     {
-        loops = std::atol(argv[1]);
-        loopDuration = std::atol(argv[2]);
+        loops = std::atol(argv[1]); // NOLINT(cert-err34-c, cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
+        loopDuration = std::atol(argv[2]); // NOLINT(cert-err34-c, cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-pointer-arithmetic)
     }
     else
         throw std::runtime_error("Wrong program options");
@@ -442,8 +472,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
                         // Update statistics
                         concatenationCallsMade = localCounter;
-                        concatenationRepliesReceived = (uint32_t)concatenator.repliesReceived_;
-                        concatenationSignalsReceived = (uint32_t)concatenator.signalsReceived_;
+                        concatenationRepliesReceived = static_cast<uint32_t>(concatenator.repliesReceived_);
+                        concatenationSignalsReceived = static_cast<uint32_t>(concatenator.signalsReceived_);
                     }
                 }
             });

tests/unittests/Connection_test.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Connection_test.cpp
  * @author Ardazishvili Roman (ardazishvili.roman@yandex.ru)
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "Connection.h"
+#include "sdbus-c++/Types.h"
 #include "unittests/mocks/SdBusMock.h"
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
@@ -207,12 +208,16 @@ TYPED_TEST_SUITE(AConnectionNameRequest, BusTypeTags);
 TYPED_TEST(AConnectionNameRequest, DoesNotThrowOnSuccess)
 {
     EXPECT_CALL(*this->sdBusIntfMock_, sd_bus_request_name(_, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(1));
-    this->con_->requestName("org.sdbuscpp.somename");
+    sdbus::ConnectionName name{"org.sdbuscpp.somename"};
+
+    this->con_->requestName(name);
 }
 
 TYPED_TEST(AConnectionNameRequest, ThrowsOnFail)
 {
+    sdbus::ConnectionName name{"org.sdbuscpp.somename"};
+
     EXPECT_CALL(*this->sdBusIntfMock_, sd_bus_request_name(_, _, _)).WillOnce(Return(-1));
 
-    ASSERT_THROW(this->con_->requestName("org.sdbuscpp.somename"), sdbus::Error);
+    ASSERT_THROW(this->con_->requestName(name), sdbus::Error);
 }

tests/unittests/Message_test.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Message_test.cpp
  *
@@ -32,8 +32,12 @@
 #include <list>
 
 using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::StrEq;
 using ::testing::Gt;
 using ::testing::DoubleEq;
+using ::testing::IsNull;
+using ::testing::SizeIs;
+using ::testing::ElementsAre;
 using namespace std::string_literals;
 
 namespace
@@ -51,7 +55,8 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _ElementType>
     sdbus::Message& operator<<(sdbus::Message& msg, const std::list<_ElementType>& items)
     {
-        msg.openContainer(sdbus::signature_of<_ElementType>::str());
+        // TODO: This can also be simplified on the basis of a callback (see dictionary...)
+        msg.openContainer<_ElementType>();
 
         for (const auto& item : items)
             msg << item;
@@ -64,7 +69,7 @@ namespace sdbus {
     template <typename _ElementType>
     sdbus::Message& operator>>(sdbus::Message& msg, std::list<_ElementType>& items)
     {
-        if(!msg.enterContainer(sdbus::signature_of<_ElementType>::str()))
+        if(!msg.enterContainer<_ElementType>())
             return msg;
 
         while (true)
@@ -87,40 +92,55 @@ namespace sdbus {
 
 template <typename _Element, typename _Allocator>
 struct sdbus::signature_of<std::list<_Element, _Allocator>>
-        : sdbus::signature_of<std::vector<_Element, _Allocator>>
+    : sdbus::signature_of<std::vector<_Element, _Allocator>>
 {};
 
 namespace my {
+    enum class Enum
+    {
+        Value1,
+        Value2,
+        Value3
+    };
 
     struct Struct
     {
         int i;
         std::string s;
         std::list<double> l;
+        Enum e;
+
+        friend bool operator==(const Struct& lhs, const Struct& rhs) = default;
     };
 
-    bool operator==(const Struct& lhs, const Struct& rhs)
+    struct RelaxedStruct
     {
-        return lhs.i == rhs.i && lhs.s == rhs.s && lhs.l == rhs.l;
-    }
+        int i;
+        std::string s;
+        std::list<double> l;
+        Enum e;
 
-    sdbus::Message& operator<<(sdbus::Message& msg, const Struct& items)
+        friend bool operator==(const RelaxedStruct& lhs, const RelaxedStruct& rhs) = default;
+    };
+
+    struct NestedStruct
     {
-        return msg << sdbus::Struct{std::forward_as_tuple(items.i, items.s, items.l)};
-    }
-
-    sdbus::Message& operator>>(sdbus::Message& msg, Struct& items)
-    {
-        sdbus::Struct s{std::forward_as_tuple(items.i, items.s, items.l)};
-        return msg >> s;
-    }
+        int i;
+        std::string s;
+        Enum e;
+        Struct x;
 
+        friend bool operator==(const NestedStruct& lhs, const NestedStruct& rhs) = default;
+    };
 }
 
-template <>
-struct sdbus::signature_of<my::Struct>
-        : sdbus::signature_of<sdbus::Struct<int, std::string, std::list<double>>>
-{};
+SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT(my::Struct, i, s, l, e);
+
+SDBUSCPP_ENABLE_RELAXED_DICT2STRUCT_DESERIALIZATION(my::RelaxedStruct);
+SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT(my::RelaxedStruct, i, s, l, e);
+
+SDBUSCPP_ENABLE_NESTED_STRUCT2DICT_SERIALIZATION(my::NestedStruct);
+SDBUSCPP_REGISTER_STRUCT(my::NestedStruct, i, s, e, x);
 
 /*-------------------------------------*/
 /* --          TEST CASES           -- */
@@ -204,6 +224,21 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanCarryASimpleInteger)
     ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, Eq(dataWritten));
 }
 
+TEST(AMessage, CanCarryAStringAsAStringView)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    const std::string_view dataWritten = "Hello";
+
+    msg << dataWritten;
+    msg.seal();
+
+    std::string dataRead;
+    msg >> dataRead;
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, Eq(dataWritten));
+}
+
 TEST(AMessage, CanCarryAUnixFd)
 {
     auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
@@ -270,7 +305,7 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusArrayOfNontrivialTypesGivenAsStdVector)
 {
     auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
 
-    const std::vector<sdbus::Signature> dataWritten{"s", "u", "b"};
+    const std::vector dataWritten{sdbus::Signature{"s"}, sdbus::Signature{"u"}, sdbus::Signature{"b"}};
 
     msg << dataWritten;
     msg.seal();
@@ -300,7 +335,7 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusArrayOfNontrivialTypesGivenAsStdArray)
 {
     auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
 
-    const std::array<sdbus::Signature, 3> dataWritten{"s", "u", "b"};
+    const std::array dataWritten{sdbus::Signature{"s"}, sdbus::Signature{"u"}, sdbus::Signature{"b"}};
 
     msg << dataWritten;
     msg.seal();
@@ -311,7 +346,7 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusArrayOfNontrivialTypesGivenAsStdArray)
     ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, Eq(dataWritten));
 }
 
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_span
 TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusArrayOfTrivialTypesGivenAsStdSpan)
 {
     auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
@@ -333,7 +368,7 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusArrayOfNontrivialTypesGivenAsStdSpan)
 {
     auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
 
-    const std::array<sdbus::Signature, 3> sourceArray{"s", "u", "b"};
+    const std::array sourceArray{sdbus::Signature{"s"}, sdbus::Signature{"u"}, sdbus::Signature{"b"}};
     const std::span dataWritten{sourceArray};
 
     msg << dataWritten;
@@ -347,6 +382,24 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusArrayOfNontrivialTypesGivenAsStdSpan)
 }
 #endif
 
+TEST(AMessage, CanCarryAnEnumValue)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    enum class EnumA : int16_t {X = 5} aWritten{EnumA::X};
+    enum EnumB {Y = 11} bWritten{EnumB::Y};
+
+    msg << aWritten << bWritten;
+    msg.seal();
+
+    EnumA aRead{};
+    EnumB bRead{};
+    msg >> aRead >> bRead;
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(aRead, Eq(aWritten));
+    ASSERT_THAT(bRead, Eq(bWritten));
+}
+
 TEST(AMessage, ThrowsWhenDestinationStdArrayIsTooSmallDuringDeserialization)
 {
     auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
@@ -360,7 +413,7 @@ TEST(AMessage, ThrowsWhenDestinationStdArrayIsTooSmallDuringDeserialization)
     ASSERT_THROW(msg >> dataRead, sdbus::Error);
 }
 
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_span
 TEST(AMessage, ThrowsWhenDestinationStdSpanIsTooSmallDuringDeserialization)
 {
     auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
@@ -415,7 +468,7 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanCarryAComplexType)
                             >
                         >;
 
-    ComplexType dataWritten = { {1, {{{5, {{"/some/object", true, 45, {{6, "hello"}, {7, "world"}}}}}}, "av", 3.14}}};
+    ComplexType dataWritten = { {1, {{{5, {{sdbus::ObjectPath{"/some/object"}, true, 45, {{6, "hello"}, {7, "world"}}}}}}, sdbus::Signature{"av"}, 3.14}}};
 
     msg << dataWritten;
     msg.seal();
@@ -432,11 +485,10 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanPeekASimpleType)
     msg << 123;
     msg.seal();
 
-    std::string type;
-    std::string contents;
-    msg.peekType(type, contents);
-    ASSERT_THAT(type, "i");
-    ASSERT_THAT(contents, "");
+    auto [type, contents] = msg.peekType();
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(type, Eq('i'));
+    ASSERT_THAT(contents, IsNull());
 }
 
 TEST(AMessage, CanPeekContainerContents)
@@ -445,11 +497,10 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanPeekContainerContents)
     msg << std::map<int, std::string>{{1, "one"}, {2, "two"}};
     msg.seal();
 
-    std::string type;
-    std::string contents;
-    msg.peekType(type, contents);
-    ASSERT_THAT(type, "a");
-    ASSERT_THAT(contents, "{is}");
+    auto [type, contents] = msg.peekType();
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(type, Eq('a'));
+    ASSERT_THAT(contents, StrEq("{is}"));
 }
 
 TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusArrayGivenAsCustomType)
@@ -469,11 +520,11 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusArrayGivenAsCustomType)
     ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, Eq(dataWritten));
 }
 
-TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusStructGivenAsCustomType)
+TEST(AMessage, CanCarryUserDefinedStruct)
 {
     auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
 
-    const my::Struct dataWritten{3545342, "hello"s, {3.14, 2.4568546}};
+    const my::Struct dataWritten{3545342, "hello"s, {3.14, 2.4568546}, my::Enum::Value2};
 
     msg << dataWritten;
     msg.seal();
@@ -483,3 +534,149 @@ TEST(AMessage, CanCarryDBusStructGivenAsCustomType)
 
     ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, Eq(dataWritten));
 }
+
+TEST(AMessage, CanCarryNestedUserDefinedStruct)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    const my::NestedStruct dataWritten{3545342, "hello"s, my::Enum::Value2, {12, "world"s, {3.14, 2.4568546}, my::Enum::Value3}};
+
+    msg << dataWritten;
+    msg.seal();
+
+    my::NestedStruct dataRead;
+    msg >> dataRead;
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, Eq(dataWritten));
+}
+
+TEST(AMessage, CanSerializeUserDefinedStructAsDictionaryOfStringsToVariants)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    const my::Struct dataWritten{3545342, "hello"s, {3.14, 2.4568546}, my::Enum::Value2};
+
+    msg << sdbus::as_dictionary{dataWritten};
+    msg.seal();
+
+    std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> dataRead;
+    msg >> dataRead;
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, SizeIs(4));
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead.at("i").get<int>(), Eq(3545342));
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead.at("s").get<std::string>(), Eq("hello"));
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead.at("l").get<std::list<double>>(), ElementsAre(3.14, 2.4568546));
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead.at("e").get<my::Enum>(), Eq(my::Enum::Value2));
+}
+
+TEST(AMessage, CanRecursivelySerializeUserDefinedStructAsDictionaryOfStringsToVariants)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    const my::NestedStruct dataWritten{3545342, "hello"s, my::Enum::Value2, {12, "world"s, {3.14, 2.4568546}, my::Enum::Value3}};
+
+    msg << sdbus::as_dictionary{dataWritten};
+    msg.seal();
+
+    std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> dataRead;
+    msg >> dataRead;
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, SizeIs(4));
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead.at("i").get<int>(), Eq(3545342));
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead.at("s").get<std::string>(), Eq("hello"));
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead.at("e").get<my::Enum>(), Eq(my::Enum::Value2));
+    auto nestedStructRead = dataRead.at("x").get<std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant>>(); // Nested struct serialized as dict
+    ASSERT_THAT(nestedStructRead.at("i").get<int>(), Eq(12));
+    ASSERT_THAT(nestedStructRead.at("s").get<std::string>(), Eq("world"));
+    ASSERT_THAT(nestedStructRead.at("l").get<std::list<double>>(), ElementsAre(3.14, 2.4568546));
+    ASSERT_THAT(nestedStructRead.at("e").get<my::Enum>(), Eq(my::Enum::Value3));
+}
+
+TEST(AMessage, CanDeserializeDictionaryOfStringsToVariantsIntoUserDefinedStruct)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> dataWritten{ {"i", sdbus::Variant{3545342}}
+                                                     , {"s", sdbus::Variant{"hello"s}}
+                                                     , {"l", sdbus::Variant{std::list<double>{3.14, 2.4568546}}}
+                                                     , {"e", sdbus::Variant{my::Enum::Value2}} };
+
+    msg << dataWritten;
+    msg.seal();
+
+    my::Struct dataRead;
+    msg >> dataRead;
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, Eq(my::Struct{3545342, "hello"s, {3.14, 2.4568546}, my::Enum::Value2}));
+}
+
+TEST(AMessage, FailsDeserializingDictionaryIntoUserDefinedStructIfStructMemberIsNotFound)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> dataWritten{ {"i", sdbus::Variant{3545342}}
+                                                     , {"nonexistent", sdbus::Variant{"hello"s}}
+                                                     , {"l", sdbus::Variant{std::list<double>{3.14, 2.4568546}}}
+                                                     , {"e", sdbus::Variant{my::Enum::Value2}} };
+
+    msg << dataWritten;
+    msg.seal();
+
+    my::Struct dataRead;
+
+    ASSERT_THROW(msg >> dataRead, sdbus::Error);
+}
+
+TEST(AMessage, DeserializesDictionaryIntoStructWithMissingMembersSuccessfullyIfRelaxedOptionIsSet)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    std::map<std::string, sdbus::Variant> dataWritten{ {"some_nonexistent_struct_member", sdbus::Variant{3545342}}
+                                                     , {"another_nonexistent_struct_member", sdbus::Variant{"hello"s}}
+                                                     , {"l", sdbus::Variant{std::list<double>{3.14, 2.4568546}}}
+                                                     , {"e", sdbus::Variant{my::Enum::Value2}} };
+
+    msg << dataWritten;
+    msg.seal();
+
+    my::RelaxedStruct dataRead{};
+    msg >> dataRead;
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, Eq(my::RelaxedStruct{{}, {}, {3.14, 2.4568546}, my::Enum::Value2}));
+}
+
+class AMessage : public ::testing::TestWithParam<std::variant<int32_t, std::string, my::Struct>>
+{
+};
+
+TEST_P(AMessage, CanCarryDBusVariantGivenAsStdVariant)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    const std::variant<int32_t, std::string, my::Struct> dataWritten{GetParam()};
+
+    msg << dataWritten;
+    msg.seal();
+
+    std::variant<int32_t, std::string, my::Struct> dataRead;
+    msg >> dataRead;
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(dataRead, Eq(dataWritten));
+}
+
+TEST_P(AMessage, ThrowsWhenDestinationStdVariantHasWrongTypeDuringDeserialization)
+{
+    auto msg = sdbus::createPlainMessage();
+
+    const std::variant<int32_t, std::string, my::Struct> dataWritten{GetParam()};
+
+    msg << dataWritten;
+    msg.seal();
+
+    std::variant<std::vector<bool>> dataRead;
+    ASSERT_THROW(msg >> dataRead, sdbus::Error);
+}
+
+INSTANTIATE_TEST_SUITE_P( StringIntStruct
+                        , AMessage
+                        , ::testing::Values("hello"s, 1, my::Struct{}));

tests/unittests/PollData_test.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/**
+ * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ *
+ * @file PollData_test.cpp
+ *
+ * Created on: Jan 19, 2023
+ * Project: sdbus-c++
+ * Description: High-level D-Bus IPC C++ library based on sd-bus
+ *
+ * This file is part of sdbus-c++.
+ *
+ * sdbus-c++ is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2.1 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * sdbus-c++ is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+ * along with sdbus-c++. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <sdbus-c++/IConnection.h>
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <gmock/gmock.h>
+#include <chrono>
+
+using ::testing::Eq;
+using ::testing::Ge;
+using ::testing::Le;
+using ::testing::AllOf;
+using namespace std::string_literals;
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+/*-------------------------------------*/
+/* --          TEST CASES           -- */
+/*-------------------------------------*/
+
+TEST(PollData, ReturnsZeroRelativeTimeoutForZeroAbsoluteTimeout)
+{
+    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd;
+    pd.timeout = std::chrono::microseconds::zero();
+
+    auto relativeTimeout = pd.getRelativeTimeout();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(relativeTimeout, Eq(std::chrono::microseconds::zero()));
+}
+
+TEST(PollData, ReturnsZeroPollTimeoutForZeroAbsoluteTimeout)
+{
+    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd;
+    pd.timeout = std::chrono::microseconds::zero();
+
+    auto pollTimeout = pd.getPollTimeout();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(pollTimeout, Eq(0));
+}
+
+TEST(PollData, ReturnsInfiniteRelativeTimeoutForInfiniteAbsoluteTimeout)
+{
+    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd;
+    pd.timeout = std::chrono::microseconds::max();
+
+    auto relativeTimeout = pd.getRelativeTimeout();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(relativeTimeout, Eq(std::chrono::microseconds::max()));
+}
+
+TEST(PollData, ReturnsNegativePollTimeoutForInfiniteAbsoluteTimeout)
+{
+    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd;
+    pd.timeout = std::chrono::microseconds::max();
+
+    auto pollTimeout = pd.getPollTimeout();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(pollTimeout, Eq(-1));
+}
+
+TEST(PollData, ReturnsZeroRelativeTimeoutForPastAbsoluteTimeout)
+{
+    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd;
+    auto past = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - 10s;
+    pd.timeout = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(past.time_since_epoch());
+
+    auto relativeTimeout = pd.getRelativeTimeout();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(relativeTimeout, Eq(0us));
+}
+
+TEST(PollData, ReturnsZeroPollTimeoutForPastAbsoluteTimeout)
+{
+    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd;
+    auto past = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - 10s;
+    pd.timeout = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(past.time_since_epoch());
+
+    auto pollTimeout = pd.getPollTimeout();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(pollTimeout, Eq(0));
+}
+
+TEST(PollData, ReturnsCorrectRelativeTimeoutForFutureAbsoluteTimeout)
+{
+    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd;
+    auto future = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + 1s;
+    pd.timeout = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(future.time_since_epoch());
+
+    auto relativeTimeout = pd.getRelativeTimeout();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(relativeTimeout, AllOf(Ge(900ms), Le(1100ms)));
+}
+
+TEST(PollData, ReturnsCorrectPollTimeoutForFutureAbsoluteTimeout)
+{
+    sdbus::IConnection::PollData pd;
+    auto future = std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + 1s;
+    pd.timeout = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(future.time_since_epoch());
+
+    auto pollTimeout = pd.getPollTimeout();
+
+    EXPECT_THAT(pollTimeout, AllOf(Ge(900), Le(1100)));
+}

tests/unittests/TypeTraits_test.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file TypeTraits_test.cpp
  *
@@ -49,6 +49,21 @@ namespace
         static std::string getDBusTypeSignature();
     };
 
+    enum class SomeEnumClass : uint8_t
+    {
+        A, B, C
+    };
+
+    enum struct SomeEnumStruct : int64_t
+    {
+        A, B, C
+    };
+
+    enum SomeClassicEnum
+    {
+        A, B, C
+    };
+
 #define TYPE(...)                                                                       \
     template <>                                                                         \
     std::string Type2DBusTypeSignatureConversion<__VA_ARGS__>::getDBusTypeSignature()   \
@@ -70,17 +85,28 @@ namespace
     TYPE(double)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("d")
     TYPE(const char*)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("s")
     TYPE(std::string)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("s")
+    TYPE(std::string_view)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("s")
+    TYPE(sdbus::BusName)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("s")
+    TYPE(sdbus::InterfaceName)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("s")
+    TYPE(sdbus::MemberName)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("s")
     TYPE(sdbus::ObjectPath)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("o")
     TYPE(sdbus::Signature)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("g")
     TYPE(sdbus::Variant)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("v")
+    TYPE(std::variant<int16_t, std::string>)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("v")
     TYPE(sdbus::UnixFd)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("h")
     TYPE(sdbus::Struct<bool>)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("(b)")
     TYPE(sdbus::Struct<uint16_t, double, std::string, sdbus::Variant>)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("(qdsv)")
     TYPE(std::vector<int16_t>)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("an")
     TYPE(std::array<int16_t, 3>)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("an")
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
-    TYPE(std::span<int16_t>)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("ao")
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_span
+    TYPE(std::span<int16_t>)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("an")
 #endif
+    TYPE(SomeEnumClass)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("y")
+    TYPE(const SomeEnumClass)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("y")
+    TYPE(volatile SomeEnumClass)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("y")
+    TYPE(const volatile SomeEnumClass)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("y")
+    TYPE(SomeEnumStruct)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("x")
+    TYPE(SomeClassicEnum)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("u")
     TYPE(std::map<int32_t, int64_t>)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("a{ix}")
     TYPE(std::unordered_map<int32_t, int64_t>)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("a{ix}")
     using ComplexType = std::map<
@@ -100,10 +126,11 @@ namespace
                                 >,
                                 sdbus::Signature,
                                 sdbus::UnixFd,
-                                const char*
+                                const char*,
+                                std::string_view
                             >
                         >;
-    TYPE(ComplexType)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("a{t(a{ya(oanbva{is})}ghs)}")
+    TYPE(ComplexType)HAS_DBUS_TYPE_SIGNATURE("a{t(a{ya(oanbva{is})}ghss)}")
 
     typedef ::testing::Types< bool
                             , uint8_t
@@ -116,17 +143,28 @@ namespace
                             , double
                             , const char*
                             , std::string
+                            , std::string_view
+                            , sdbus::BusName
+                            , sdbus::InterfaceName
+                            , sdbus::MemberName
                             , sdbus::ObjectPath
                             , sdbus::Signature
                             , sdbus::Variant
+                            , std::variant<int16_t, std::string>
                             , sdbus::UnixFd
                             , sdbus::Struct<bool>
                             , sdbus::Struct<uint16_t, double, std::string, sdbus::Variant>
                             , std::vector<int16_t>
                             , std::array<int16_t, 3>
-#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_span
                             , std::span<int16_t>
 #endif
+                            , SomeEnumClass
+                            , const SomeEnumClass
+                            , volatile SomeEnumClass
+                            , const volatile SomeEnumClass
+                            , SomeEnumStruct
+                            , SomeClassicEnum
                             , std::map<int32_t, int64_t>
                             , std::unordered_map<int32_t, int64_t>
                             , ComplexType
@@ -141,7 +179,8 @@ namespace
 
 TYPED_TEST(Type2DBusTypeSignatureConversion, ConvertsTypeToProperDBusSignature)
 {
-    ASSERT_THAT(sdbus::signature_of<TypeParam>::str(), Eq(this->dbusTypeSignature_));
+    constexpr auto signature = sdbus::as_null_terminated(sdbus::signature_of_v<TypeParam>);
+    ASSERT_THAT(signature.data(), Eq(this->dbusTypeSignature_));
 }
 
 TEST(FreeFunctionTypeTraits, DetectsTraitsOfTrivialSignatureFunction)

tests/unittests/Types_test.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file Types_test.cpp
  *
@@ -72,6 +72,19 @@ TEST(AVariant, CanBeConstructedFromAComplexValue)
     ASSERT_NO_THROW(sdbus::Variant{value});
 }
 
+TEST(AVariant, CanBeConstructedFromAnStdVariant)
+{
+    using ComplexType = std::vector<sdbus::Struct<std::string, double>>;
+    using StdVariantType = std::variant<std::string, uint64_t, ComplexType>;
+    ComplexType value{{"hello"s, ANY_DOUBLE}, {"world"s, ANY_DOUBLE}};
+    StdVariantType stdVariant{value};
+
+    sdbus::Variant sdbusVariant{stdVariant};
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(sdbusVariant.containsValueOfType<ComplexType>());
+    ASSERT_THAT(sdbusVariant.get<ComplexType>(), Eq(value));
+}
+
 TEST(AVariant, CanBeCopied)
 {
     auto value = "hello"s;
@@ -130,6 +143,30 @@ TEST(AVariant, ReturnsTrueWhenAskedIfItContainsTheTypeItReallyContains)
     ASSERT_TRUE(variant.containsValueOfType<ComplexType>());
 }
 
+TEST(AVariant, CanBeConvertedIntoAnStdVariant)
+{
+    using ComplexType = std::vector<sdbus::Struct<std::string, double>>;
+    using StdVariantType = std::variant<std::string, uint64_t, ComplexType>;
+    ComplexType value{{"hello"s, ANY_DOUBLE}, {"world"s, ANY_DOUBLE}};
+    sdbus::Variant sdbusVariant{value};
+    StdVariantType stdVariant{sdbusVariant};
+
+    ASSERT_TRUE(std::holds_alternative<ComplexType>(stdVariant));
+    ASSERT_THAT(std::get<ComplexType>(stdVariant), Eq(value));
+}
+
+TEST(AVariant, IsImplicitlyInterchangeableWithStdVariant)
+{
+    using ComplexType = std::vector<sdbus::Struct<std::string, double>>;
+    using StdVariantType = std::variant<std::string, uint64_t, ComplexType>;
+    ComplexType value{{"hello"s, ANY_DOUBLE}, {"world"s, ANY_DOUBLE}};
+    StdVariantType stdVariant{value};
+
+    auto stdVariantCopy = [](const sdbus::Variant &v) -> StdVariantType { return v; }(stdVariant);
+
+    ASSERT_THAT(stdVariantCopy, Eq(stdVariant));
+}
+
 TEST(ASimpleVariant, ReturnsFalseWhenAskedIfItContainsTypeItDoesntReallyContain)
 {
     int value = 5;
@@ -285,7 +322,6 @@ TEST(ASignature, CanBeMovedLikeAStdString)
     sdbus::Signature oSignature{aSignature};
 
     ASSERT_THAT(sdbus::Signature{std::move(oSignature)}, Eq(sdbus::Signature(std::move(aSignature))));
-    ASSERT_THAT(std::string(oSignature), Eq(aSignature));
 }
 
 TEST(AUnixFd, DuplicatesAndOwnsFdUponStandardConstruction)
@@ -391,17 +427,17 @@ TEST(AUnixFd, TakesOverNewFdAndClosesOriginalFdOnAdoptingReset)
 
 TEST(AnError, CanBeConstructedFromANameAndAMessage)
 {
-    auto error = sdbus::Error("name", "message");
-    EXPECT_THAT(error.getName(), Eq<std::string>("name"));
+    auto error = sdbus::Error(sdbus::Error::Name{"org.sdbuscpp.error"}, "message");
+    EXPECT_THAT(error.getName(), Eq<std::string>("org.sdbuscpp.error"));
     EXPECT_THAT(error.getMessage(), Eq<std::string>("message"));
 }
 
 TEST(AnError, CanBeConstructedFromANameOnly)
 {
-    auto error1 = sdbus::Error("name");
-    auto error2 = sdbus::Error("name", nullptr);
-    EXPECT_THAT(error1.getName(), Eq<std::string>("name"));
-    EXPECT_THAT(error2.getName(), Eq<std::string>("name"));
+    auto error1 = sdbus::Error(sdbus::Error::Name{"org.sdbuscpp.error"});
+    auto error2 = sdbus::Error(sdbus::Error::Name{"org.sdbuscpp.error"}, nullptr);
+    EXPECT_THAT(error1.getName(), Eq<std::string>("org.sdbuscpp.error"));
+    EXPECT_THAT(error2.getName(), Eq<std::string>("org.sdbuscpp.error"));
 
     EXPECT_THAT(error1.getMessage(), Eq<std::string>(""));
     EXPECT_THAT(error2.getMessage(), Eq<std::string>(""));

tests/unittests/mocks/SdBusMock.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file SdBusMock.h
  * @author Ardazishvili Roman (ardazishvili.roman@yandex.ru)
@@ -71,14 +71,17 @@ public:
     MOCK_METHOD6(sd_bus_add_object_vtable, int(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *path, const char *interface, const sd_bus_vtable *vtable, void *userdata));
     MOCK_METHOD3(sd_bus_add_object_manager, int(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *path));
     MOCK_METHOD5(sd_bus_add_match, int(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *match, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata));
+    MOCK_METHOD6(sd_bus_add_match_async, int(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **slot, const char *match, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, sd_bus_message_handler_t install_callback, void *userdata));
+    MOCK_METHOD8(sd_bus_match_signal, int(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_slot **ret, const char *sender, const char *path, const char *interface, const char *member, sd_bus_message_handler_t callback, void *userdata));
     MOCK_METHOD1(sd_bus_slot_unref, sd_bus_slot*(sd_bus_slot *slot));
 
     MOCK_METHOD1(sd_bus_new, int(sd_bus **ret));
     MOCK_METHOD1(sd_bus_start, int(sd_bus *bus));
 
     MOCK_METHOD2(sd_bus_process, int(sd_bus *bus, sd_bus_message **r));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(sd_bus_get_current_message, sd_bus_message*(sd_bus *bus));
     MOCK_METHOD2(sd_bus_get_poll_data, int(sd_bus *bus, PollData* data));
-
+    MOCK_METHOD3(sd_bus_get_n_queued, int(sd_bus *bus, uint64_t *read, uint64_t* write));
     MOCK_METHOD1(sd_bus_flush, int(sd_bus *bus));
     MOCK_METHOD1(sd_bus_flush_close_unref, sd_bus *(sd_bus *bus));
     MOCK_METHOD1(sd_bus_close_unref, sd_bus *(sd_bus *bus));
@@ -86,6 +89,7 @@ public:
     MOCK_METHOD2(sd_bus_message_set_destination, int(sd_bus_message *m, const char *destination));
 
     MOCK_METHOD3(sd_bus_query_sender_creds, int(sd_bus_message *, uint64_t, sd_bus_creds **));
+    MOCK_METHOD1(sd_bus_creds_ref, sd_bus_creds*(sd_bus_creds *));
     MOCK_METHOD1(sd_bus_creds_unref, sd_bus_creds*(sd_bus_creds *));
 
     MOCK_METHOD2(sd_bus_creds_get_pid, int(sd_bus_creds *, pid_t *));

tests/unittests/sdbus-c++-unit-tests.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file sdbus-c++-unit-tests.cpp
  *

tools/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
 
-project(sdbus-c++-tools VERSION 1.4.0)
+project(sdbus-c++-tools VERSION 2.1.0)
 
 include(GNUInstallDirs)
 
@@ -44,12 +44,7 @@ set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
 add_executable(sdbus-c++-xml2cpp ${SDBUSCPP_XML2CPP_SRCS})
 target_link_libraries (sdbus-c++-xml2cpp ${EXPAT_LIBRARIES})
 target_include_directories(sdbus-c++-xml2cpp PRIVATE ${EXPAT_INCLUDE_DIRS})
-
-#----------------------------------
-# INSTALLATION
-#----------------------------------
-
-install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-xml2cpp EXPORT sdbus-c++-tools-targets DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT dev)
+target_compile_definitions(sdbus-c++-xml2cpp PRIVATE SDBUS_XML2CPP_VERSION="${CMAKE_PROJECT_VERSION}")
 
 #----------------------------------
 # CMAKE CONFIG & PACKAGE CONFIG
@@ -57,19 +52,32 @@ install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-xml2cpp EXPORT sdbus-c++-tools-targets DESTINATION ${C
 
 include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
 
-install(EXPORT sdbus-c++-tools-targets
-        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-tools
-        NAMESPACE SDBusCpp::
-        COMPONENT dev)
-
 configure_package_config_file(cmake/sdbus-c++-tools-config.cmake.in cmake/sdbus-c++-tools-config.cmake
                               INSTALL_DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++)
 write_basic_package_version_file(cmake/sdbus-c++-tools-config-version.cmake COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion)
-install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-tools-config.cmake
-              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-tools-config-version.cmake
-        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-tools
-        COMPONENT dev)
 
 configure_file(pkgconfig/sdbus-c++-tools.pc.in pkgconfig/sdbus-c++-tools.pc @ONLY)
-install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/pkgconfig/sdbus-c++-tools.pc
-        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig COMPONENT dev)
+
+#----------------------------------
+# INSTALLATION
+#----------------------------------
+
+if(NOT DEFINED SDBUSCPP_INSTALL)
+    set(SDBUSCPP_INSTALL ON)
+endif()
+
+if (SDBUSCPP_INSTALL)
+    install(TARGETS sdbus-c++-xml2cpp
+            EXPORT sdbus-c++-tools-targets
+            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR} COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev)
+    install(EXPORT sdbus-c++-tools-targets
+            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-tools
+            NAMESPACE SDBusCpp::
+            COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev)
+    install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-tools-config.cmake
+            ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-tools-config-version.cmake
+            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/sdbus-c++-tools
+            COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev)
+    install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/pkgconfig/sdbus-c++-tools.pc
+            DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig COMPONENT sdbus-c++-dev)
+endif()

tools/xml2cpp-codegen/AdaptorGenerator.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file AdaptorGenerator.cpp
  *
@@ -85,7 +85,17 @@ std::string AdaptorGenerator::processInterface(Node& interface) const
             << tab << "static constexpr const char* INTERFACE_NAME = \"" << ifaceName << "\";" << endl << endl
             << "protected:" << endl
             << tab << className << "(sdbus::IObject& object)" << endl
-            << tab << tab << ": object_(&object)" << endl;
+            << tab << tab << ": m_object(object)" << endl
+            << tab << "{" << endl
+            << tab << "}" << endl << endl;
+
+    // Rule of Five
+    body << tab << className << "(const " << className << "&) = delete;" << endl;
+    body << tab << className << "& operator=(const " << className << "&) = delete;" << endl;
+    body << tab << className << "(" << className << "&&) = delete;" << endl;
+    body << tab << className << "& operator=(" << className << "&&) = delete;" << endl << endl;
+
+    body << tab << "~" << className << "() = default;" << endl << endl;
 
     Nodes methods = interface["method"];
     Nodes signals = interface["signal"];
@@ -111,34 +121,29 @@ std::string AdaptorGenerator::processInterface(Node& interface) const
     if(!annotationRegistration.empty())
     {
         std::stringstream str;
-        str << tab << tab << "object_->setInterfaceFlags(INTERFACE_NAME)" << annotationRegistration << ";" << endl;
+        str << "sdbus::setInterfaceFlags()" << annotationRegistration;
         annotationRegistration = str.str();
     }
 
-    std::string methodRegistration, methodDeclaration;
-    std::tie(methodRegistration, methodDeclaration) = processMethods(methods);
+    std::vector<std::string> methodRegistrations;
+    std::string methodDeclaration;
+    std::tie(methodRegistrations, methodDeclaration) = processMethods(methods);
 
-    std::string signalRegistration, signalMethods;
-    std::tie(signalRegistration, signalMethods) = processSignals(signals);
+    std::vector<std::string> signalRegistrations;
+    std::string signalMethods;
+    std::tie(signalRegistrations, signalMethods) = processSignals(signals);
 
-    std::string propertyRegistration, propertyAccessorDeclaration;
-    std::tie(propertyRegistration, propertyAccessorDeclaration) = processProperties(properties);
+    std::vector<std::string> propertyRegistrations;
+    std::string propertyAccessorDeclaration;
+    std::tie(propertyRegistrations, propertyAccessorDeclaration) = processProperties(properties);
 
-    body << tab << "{" << endl
-                       << annotationRegistration
-                       << methodRegistration
-                       << signalRegistration
-                       << propertyRegistration
+    auto vtableRegistration = createVTableRegistration(annotationRegistration, methodRegistrations, signalRegistrations, propertyRegistrations);
+
+    body << tab << "void registerAdaptor()" << endl
+         << tab << "{" << endl
+                       << vtableRegistration << endl
          << tab << "}" << endl << endl;
 
-    // Rule of Five
-    body << tab << className << "(const " << className << "&) = delete;" << endl;
-    body << tab << className << "& operator=(const " << className << "&) = delete;" << endl;
-    body << tab << className << "(" << className << "&&) = default;" << endl;
-    body << tab << className << "& operator=(" << className << "&&) = default;" << endl << endl;
-
-    body << tab << "~" << className << "() = default;" << endl << endl;
-
     if (!signalMethods.empty())
     {
         body << "public:" << endl << signalMethods;
@@ -155,7 +160,7 @@ std::string AdaptorGenerator::processInterface(Node& interface) const
     }
 
     body << "private:" << endl
-            << tab << "sdbus::IObject* object_;" << endl
+            << tab << "sdbus::IObject& m_object;" << endl
             << "};" << endl << endl
             << std::string(namespacesCount, '}') << " // namespaces" << endl << endl;
 
@@ -163,12 +168,16 @@ std::string AdaptorGenerator::processInterface(Node& interface) const
 }
 
 
-std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processMethods(const Nodes& methods) const
+std::tuple<std::vector<std::string>, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processMethods(const Nodes& methods) const
 {
-    std::ostringstream registrationSS, declarationSS;
+    std::ostringstream declarationSS;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> methodRegistrations;
 
     for (const auto& method : methods)
     {
+        std::ostringstream registrationSS;
+
         auto methodName = method->get("name");
         auto methodNameSafe = mangle_name(methodName);
 
@@ -217,9 +226,8 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processMethods(const Node
 
         using namespace std::string_literals;
 
-        registrationSS << tab << tab << "object_->registerMethod(\""
+        registrationSS << "sdbus::registerMethod(\""
                 << methodName << "\")"
-                << ".onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)"
                 << (!argStringsStr.empty() ? (".withInputParamNames(" + argStringsStr + ")") : "")
                 << (!outArgStringsStr.empty() ? (".withOutputParamNames(" + outArgStringsStr + ")") : "")
                 << ".implementedAs("
@@ -229,7 +237,9 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processMethods(const Node
                 << "){ " << (async ? "" : "return ") << "this->" << methodNameSafe << "("
                 << (async ? "std::move(result)"s + (argTypeStr.empty() ? "" : ", ") : "")
                 << argStr << "); })"
-                << annotationRegistration << ";" << endl;
+                << annotationRegistration;
+
+        methodRegistrations.push_back(registrationSS.str());
 
         declarationSS << tab
                 << "virtual "
@@ -241,16 +251,20 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processMethods(const Node
                 << ") = 0;" << endl;
     }
 
-    return std::make_tuple(registrationSS.str(), declarationSS.str());
+    return std::make_tuple(methodRegistrations, declarationSS.str());
 }
 
 
-std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processSignals(const Nodes& signals) const
+std::tuple<std::vector<std::string>, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processSignals(const Nodes& signals) const
 {
-    std::ostringstream signalRegistrationSS, signalMethodSS;
+    std::ostringstream signalMethodSS;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> signalRegistrations;
 
     for (const auto& signal : signals)
     {
+        std::stringstream signalRegistrationSS;
+
         auto name = signal->get("name");
 
         auto annotations = getAnnotations(*signal);
@@ -272,9 +286,7 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processSignals(const Node
         std::string argStr, argTypeStr, typeStr, argStringsStr;
         std::tie(argStr, argTypeStr, typeStr, argStringsStr) = argsToNamesAndTypes(args);
 
-        signalRegistrationSS << tab << tab
-                << "object_->registerSignal(\"" << name << "\")"
-                        ".onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)";
+        signalRegistrationSS << "sdbus::registerSignal(\"" << name << "\")";
 
         if (args.size() > 0)
         {
@@ -282,7 +294,8 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processSignals(const Node
         }
 
         signalRegistrationSS << annotationRegistration;
-        signalRegistrationSS << ";" << endl;
+
+        signalRegistrations.push_back(signalRegistrationSS.str());
 
         auto nameWithCapFirstLetter = name;
         nameWithCapFirstLetter[0] = std::toupper(nameWithCapFirstLetter[0]);
@@ -290,7 +303,7 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processSignals(const Node
 
         signalMethodSS << tab << "void emit" << nameWithCapFirstLetter << "(" << argTypeStr << ")" << endl
                 << tab << "{" << endl
-                << tab << tab << "object_->emitSignal(\"" << name << "\")"
+                << tab << tab << "m_object.emitSignal(\"" << name << "\")"
                         ".onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)";
 
         if (!argStr.empty())
@@ -302,16 +315,20 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processSignals(const Node
                 << tab << "}" << endl << endl;
     }
 
-    return std::make_tuple(signalRegistrationSS.str(), signalMethodSS.str());
+    return std::make_tuple(signalRegistrations, signalMethodSS.str());
 }
 
 
-std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processProperties(const Nodes& properties) const
+std::tuple<std::vector<std::string>, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processProperties(const Nodes& properties) const
 {
-    std::ostringstream registrationSS, declarationSS;
+    std::ostringstream declarationSS;
+
+    std::vector<std::string> propertyRegistrations;
 
     for (const auto& property : properties)
     {
+        std::ostringstream registrationSS;
+
         auto propertyName = property->get("name");
         auto propertyNameSafe = mangle_name(propertyName);
         auto propertyAccess = property->get("access");
@@ -339,9 +356,8 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processProperties(const N
                           << "Option '" << annotationName << "' not allowed or supported in this context! Option ignored..." << std::endl;
         }
 
-        registrationSS << tab << tab << "object_->registerProperty(\""
-                << propertyName << "\")"
-                << ".onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)";
+        registrationSS << "sdbus::registerProperty(\""
+                << propertyName << "\")";
 
         if (propertyAccess == "read" || propertyAccess == "readwrite")
         {
@@ -356,7 +372,8 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processProperties(const N
         }
 
         registrationSS << annotationRegistration;
-        registrationSS << ";" << endl;
+
+        propertyRegistrations.push_back(registrationSS.str());
 
         if (propertyAccess == "read" || propertyAccess == "readwrite")
             declarationSS << tab << "virtual " << propertyType << " " << propertyNameSafe << "() = 0;" << endl;
@@ -364,7 +381,38 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::processProperties(const N
             declarationSS << tab << "virtual void " << propertyNameSafe << "(" << propertyTypeArg << ") = 0;" << endl;
     }
 
-    return std::make_tuple(registrationSS.str(), declarationSS.str());
+    return std::make_tuple(propertyRegistrations, declarationSS.str());
+}
+
+std::string AdaptorGenerator::createVTableRegistration(const std::string& annotationRegistration,
+                                                       const std::vector<std::string>& methodRegistrations,
+                                                       const std::vector<std::string>& signalRegistrations,
+                                                       const std::vector<std::string>& propertyRegistrations) const
+{
+    std::vector<std::string> allRegistrations;
+    if (!annotationRegistration.empty())
+        allRegistrations.push_back(annotationRegistration);
+    allRegistrations.insert(allRegistrations.end(), methodRegistrations.begin(), methodRegistrations.end());
+    allRegistrations.insert(allRegistrations.end(), signalRegistrations.begin(), signalRegistrations.end());
+    allRegistrations.insert(allRegistrations.end(), propertyRegistrations.begin(), propertyRegistrations.end());
+
+    if (allRegistrations.empty())
+        return {};
+
+    std::ostringstream registrationSS;
+    if (allRegistrations.size() == 1)
+    {
+        registrationSS << tab << tab << "m_object.addVTable(" << allRegistrations[0] << ").forInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);";
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        registrationSS     << tab << tab << "m_object.addVTable( " << allRegistrations[0] << endl;
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < allRegistrations.size(); ++i)
+            registrationSS << tab << tab << "                  , " << allRegistrations[i] << endl;
+        registrationSS     << tab << tab << "                  ).forInterface(INTERFACE_NAME);";
+    }
+
+    return registrationSS.str();
 }
 
 std::map<std::string, std::string> AdaptorGenerator::getAnnotations( sdbuscpp::xml::Node& node) const

tools/xml2cpp-codegen/AdaptorGenerator.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file AdaptorGenerator.h
  *
@@ -59,21 +59,26 @@ private:
      * @param methods
      * @return tuple: registration of methods, declaration of abstract methods
      */
-    std::tuple<std::string, std::string> processMethods(const sdbuscpp::xml::Nodes& methods) const;
+    std::tuple<std::vector<std::string>, std::string> processMethods(const sdbuscpp::xml::Nodes& methods) const;
 
     /**
      * Generate source code for signals
      * @param signals
      * @return tuple: registration of signals, definition of signal methods
      */
-    std::tuple<std::string, std::string> processSignals(const sdbuscpp::xml::Nodes& signals) const;
+    std::tuple<std::vector<std::string>, std::string> processSignals(const sdbuscpp::xml::Nodes& signals) const;
 
     /**
      * Generate source code for properties
      * @param properties
      * @return tuple: registration of properties, declaration of property accessor virtual methods
      */
-    std::tuple<std::string, std::string> processProperties(const sdbuscpp::xml::Nodes& properties) const;
+    std::tuple<std::vector<std::string>, std::string> processProperties(const sdbuscpp::xml::Nodes& properties) const;
+
+    std::string createVTableRegistration(const std::string& annotationRegistration,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& methodRegistrations,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& signalRegistrations,
+                                         const std::vector<std::string>& propertyRegistrations) const;
 
     /**
      * Get annotations listed for a given node

tools/xml2cpp-codegen/BaseGenerator.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file BaseGenerator.cpp
  *
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ int BaseGenerator::transformXmlToFile(const Document& doc, const char* filename)
 int BaseGenerator::writeToFile(const char* filename, const std::string& data) const
 {
     std::ofstream file(filename);
-    if (file.bad())
+    if (file.fail())
     {
         std::cerr << "Unable to write file " << filename << endl;
         return 1;

tools/xml2cpp-codegen/BaseGenerator.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file BaseGenerator.h
  *

tools/xml2cpp-codegen/ProxyGenerator.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file ProxyGenerator.cpp
  *
@@ -84,7 +84,17 @@ std::string ProxyGenerator::processInterface(Node& interface) const
             << tab << "static constexpr const char* INTERFACE_NAME = \"" << ifaceName << "\";" << endl << endl
             << "protected:" << endl
             << tab << className << "(sdbus::IProxy& proxy)" << endl
-            << tab << tab << ": proxy_(&proxy)" << endl;
+            << tab << tab << ": m_proxy(proxy)" << endl
+            << tab << "{" << endl
+            << tab << "}" << endl << endl;
+
+    // Rule of Five
+    body << tab << className << "(const " << className << "&) = delete;" << endl;
+    body << tab << className << "& operator=(const " << className << "&) = delete;" << endl;
+    body << tab << className << "(" << className << "&&) = delete;" << endl;
+    body << tab << className << "& operator=(" << className << "&&) = delete;" << endl << endl;
+
+    body << tab << "~" << className << "() = default;" << endl << endl;
 
     Nodes methods = interface["method"];
     Nodes signals = interface["signal"];
@@ -93,17 +103,10 @@ std::string ProxyGenerator::processInterface(Node& interface) const
     std::string registration, declaration;
     std::tie(registration, declaration) = processSignals(signals);
 
-    body << tab << "{" << endl
-            << registration
-            << tab << "}" << endl << endl;
-
-    // Rule of Five
-    body << tab << className << "(const " << className << "&) = delete;" << endl;
-    body << tab << className << "& operator=(const " << className << "&) = delete;" << endl;
-    body << tab << className << "(" << className << "&&) = default;" << endl;
-    body << tab << className << "& operator=(" << className << "&&) = default;" << endl << endl;
-
-    body << tab << "~" << className << "() = default;" << endl << endl;
+    body << tab << "void registerProxy()" << endl
+         << tab << "{" << endl
+         << registration
+         << tab << "}" << endl << endl;
 
     if (!declaration.empty())
         body << declaration << endl;
@@ -133,7 +136,7 @@ std::string ProxyGenerator::processInterface(Node& interface) const
     }
 
     body << "private:" << endl
-            << tab << "sdbus::IProxy* proxy_;" << endl
+            << tab << "sdbus::IProxy& m_proxy;" << endl
             << "};" << endl << endl
             << std::string(namespacesCount, '}') << " // namespaces" << endl << endl;
 
@@ -223,7 +226,7 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> ProxyGenerator::processMethods(const Nodes&
         }
 
         definitionSS << tab << tab << (async && !dontExpectReply ? "return " : "")
-                     << "proxy_->callMethod" << (async ? "Async" : "") << "(\"" << name << "\").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)";
+                     << "m_proxy.callMethod" << (async ? "Async" : "") << "(\"" << name << "\").onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)";
 
         if (!timeoutValue.empty())
         {
@@ -248,11 +251,11 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> ProxyGenerator::processMethods(const Nodes&
             }
             else // Async methods implemented through callbacks
             {
-                definitionSS << ".uponReplyInvoke([this](const sdbus::Error* error" << (outArgTypeStr.empty() ? "" : ", ") << outArgTypeStr << ")"
-                                                 "{ this->on" << nameBigFirst << "Reply(" << outArgStr << (outArgStr.empty() ? "" : ", ") << "error); })";
+                definitionSS << ".uponReplyInvoke([this](std::optional<sdbus::Error> error" << (outArgTypeStr.empty() ? "" : ", ") << outArgTypeStr << ")"
+                                                 "{ this->on" << nameBigFirst << "Reply(" << outArgStr << (outArgStr.empty() ? "" : ", ") << "std::move(error)); })";
 
                 asyncDeclarationSS << tab << "virtual void on" << nameBigFirst << "Reply("
-                                   << outArgTypeStr << (outArgTypeStr.empty() ? "" : ", ")  << "const sdbus::Error* error) = 0;" << endl;
+                                   << outArgTypeStr << (outArgTypeStr.empty() ? "" : ", ")  << "std::optional<sdbus::Error> error) = 0;" << endl;
             }
         }
         else if (outArgs.size() > 0)
@@ -286,8 +289,8 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> ProxyGenerator::processSignals(const Nodes&
         std::string argStr, argTypeStr;
         std::tie(argStr, argTypeStr, std::ignore, std::ignore) = argsToNamesAndTypes(args);
 
-        registrationSS << tab << tab << "proxy_"
-                "->uponSignal(\"" << name << "\")"
+        registrationSS << tab << tab << "m_proxy"
+                ".uponSignal(\"" << name << "\")"
                 ".onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)"
                 ".call([this](" << argTypeStr << ")"
                 "{ this->on" << nameBigFirst << "(" << argStr << "); });" << endl;
@@ -343,9 +346,13 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> ProxyGenerator::processProperties(const Nod
 
             propertySS << tab << realRetType << " " << propertyNameSafe << "()" << endl
                     << tab << "{" << endl;
-            propertySS << tab << tab << "return proxy_->getProperty" << (asyncGet ? "Async" : "") << "(\"" << propertyName << "\")"
+            propertySS << tab << tab << "return m_proxy.getProperty" << (asyncGet ? "Async" : "") << "(\"" << propertyName << "\")"
                             ".onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)";
-            if (asyncGet)
+            if (!asyncGet)
+            {
+                propertySS << ".get<" << realRetType << ">()";
+            }
+            else
             {
                 auto nameBigFirst = propertyName;
                 nameBigFirst[0] = islower(nameBigFirst[0]) ? nameBigFirst[0] + 'A' - 'a' : nameBigFirst[0];
@@ -356,11 +363,11 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> ProxyGenerator::processProperties(const Nod
                 }
                 else // Async methods implemented through callbacks
                 {
-                    propertySS << ".uponReplyInvoke([this](const sdbus::Error* error, const sdbus::Variant& value)"
-                                                   "{ this->on" << nameBigFirst << "PropertyGetReply(value.get<" << propertyType << ">(), error); })";
+                    propertySS << ".uponReplyInvoke([this](std::optional<sdbus::Error> error, const sdbus::Variant& value)"
+                                                   "{ this->on" << nameBigFirst << "PropertyGetReply(value.get<" << propertyType << ">(), std::move(error)); })";
 
                     asyncDeclarationSS << tab << "virtual void on" << nameBigFirst << "PropertyGetReply("
-                                       << "const " << propertyType << "& value, const sdbus::Error* error) = 0;" << endl;
+                                       << "const " << propertyType << "& value, std::optional<sdbus::Error> error) = 0;" << endl;
                 }
             }
             propertySS << ";" << endl << tab << "}" << endl << endl;
@@ -368,11 +375,14 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> ProxyGenerator::processProperties(const Nod
 
         if (propertyAccess == "readwrite" || propertyAccess == "write")
         {
+            if (propertySignature == "v")
+                propertyArg = "{" + propertyArg + ", sdbus::embed_variant}";
+
             const std::string realRetType = (asyncSet ? (futureSet ? "std::future<void>" : "sdbus::PendingAsyncCall") : "void");
 
             propertySS << tab << realRetType << " " << propertyNameSafe << "(" << propertyTypeArg << ")" << endl
                        << tab << "{" << endl;
-            propertySS << tab << tab << (asyncSet ? "return " : "") << "proxy_->setProperty" << (asyncSet ? "Async" : "")
+            propertySS << tab << tab << (asyncSet ? "return " : "") << "m_proxy.setProperty" << (asyncSet ? "Async" : "")
                        << "(\"" << propertyName << "\")"
                             ".onInterface(INTERFACE_NAME)"
                             ".toValue(" << propertyArg << ")";
@@ -388,11 +398,11 @@ std::tuple<std::string, std::string> ProxyGenerator::processProperties(const Nod
                 }
                 else // Async methods implemented through callbacks
                 {
-                    propertySS << ".uponReplyInvoke([this](const sdbus::Error* error)"
-                                  "{ this->on" << nameBigFirst << "PropertySetReply(error); })";
+                    propertySS << ".uponReplyInvoke([this](std::optional<sdbus::Error> error)"
+                                  "{ this->on" << nameBigFirst << "PropertySetReply(std::move(error)); })";
 
                     asyncDeclarationSS << tab << "virtual void on" << nameBigFirst << "PropertySetReply("
-                                       << "const sdbus::Error* error) = 0;" << endl;
+                                       << "std::optional<sdbus::Error> error) = 0;" << endl;
                 }
             }
 

tools/xml2cpp-codegen/ProxyGenerator.h

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file ProxyGenerator.h
  *

tools/xml2cpp-codegen/xml2cpp.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 /**
  * (C) 2016 - 2021 KISTLER INSTRUMENTE AG, Winterthur, Switzerland
- * (C) 2016 - 2022 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
+ * (C) 2016 - 2024 Stanislav Angelovic <stanislav.angelovic@protonmail.com>
  *
  * @file xml2cpp.cpp
  *
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ void usage(std::ostream& output, const char* programName)
             "      --adaptor=FILE   Generate header file FILE with stub class (server)" << endl <<
             "  -h, --help           " << endl <<
             "      --verbose        Explain what is being done" << endl <<
+            "  -v, --version        Prints out sdbus-c++ version used by the tool" << endl <<
             endl <<
             "The stub generator takes an XML file describing DBus interface and creates" << endl <<
             "C++ header files to be used by C++ code wanting to cumminicate through that" << endl <<
@@ -104,6 +105,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
             usage(std::cout, programName);
             return 0;
         }
+        else if (!strcmp(*argv, "--version") || !strcmp(*argv, "-v"))
+        {
+            std::cout << "Version: " << SDBUS_XML2CPP_VERSION << std::endl;
+            return 0;
+        }
         else if (!strcmp(*argv, "--verbose"))
         {
             verbose = true;
@@ -186,7 +192,10 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
             std::cerr << "Generating proxy header " << proxy << endl;
         }
         ProxyGenerator pg;
-        pg.transformXmlToFile(doc, proxy);
+        if(pg.transformXmlToFile(doc, proxy)) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to generate proxy header" << endl;
+            return 1;
+        }
     }
 
     if (adaptor)
@@ -196,7 +205,11 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
             std::cerr << "Generating adaptor header " << adaptor << endl;
         }
         AdaptorGenerator ag;
-        ag.transformXmlToFile(doc, adaptor);
+        if(ag.transformXmlToFile(doc, adaptor)) {
+            std::cerr << "Failed to generate adaptor header" << endl;
+            return 1;
+        }
+
     }
 
     return 0;